Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Chinese tourists”

Dark tourism has grown to be a major part of the visitor economy worldwide, with an increasing number of people traveling to visit the sites which commemorate natural or man-made disasters. However, promoting such sites as potential dark tourism attractions is still rare in China. Moreover, despite the increasing academic investigation of tourist experience at dark sites, most studies have focused on western tourists and sites. It is still unclear how Chinese tourists may understand and respond to their domestic dark tourism experience. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to propose a theoretically integrated approach to understanding dark tourism consumption that does not necessarily belong to the western tradition. To achieve this, the present study explores dark tourism experience value in the Chinese context on the one hand, and on the other hand propose an integrated model to complete understanding of the relationships between internalized cultural values and norms, place attachment driven by environmental psychology, and post-experience evaluation. This study takes a quantitative approach based on a structured questionnaire survey in Wenchuan, China, a well-known dark tourism destination revitalized and innovated from the devastating 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. The findings of this study provide the holistic view of dark tourism consumption experience in Chinese context, identify the epistemic benefits perceived by the Chinese tourists, and reveal among domestic Chinese visitors to the post-disaster destination a strong association between collectivism and perceived obligation and responsibility. This study contributes to the theoretical development of tourism experience in general as well as enrich the literature in the dark tourism area. In addition, it draws some practical implications on responsible and culturally sensitive management and marketing of dark tourism attractions.

China has been one of the most important markets for Abisko tourism. The significant growth of Chinese tourists raised academia interests in understanding what motivates them to this remote town. As little information has been documented about Chinese tourists' travel motivations to Abisko, this study attempts to identify the factors that influence Chinese tourists' choice of travel destination.  Based on the push-pull theoretical framework in tourism, the authors conducted qualitative research and created a model. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 Chinese tourists living both in Sweden and China. The problems were identified related to both psychological factors as "push factors" and destination factors as "pull factors". The analysis delineated 5 push factors (physical factors, emotional factors, cultural factors, interpersonal factors, and prestige factors) items and 7 (transportation, accommodation, food & beverage, recreation activities, natural environment, public safety, and technology) pull factors. The finding revealed what push and pull motives were the determinant factors of Chinese tourists in deciding to select Abisko as their destination choice. Discussion and suggestions were also made for the tourism industry of Abisko.

The Chinese tourists market has become the 4th largest inbound market for New Zealand in 2007; it also ranks 6th in terms of expenditure. Chinese visitors spent a total of NZ $352 million to the year December 2006, an average of NZ $3,340 per person (Ministry of Tourism, 2006). The latest statistics released from New Zealand Tourism Research Council show that 122,045 Chinese visited New Zealand by the year ended January 2008. These crucial statistics – market size, length of stay and average spend – indicate the necessity for the New Zealand tourism industry to understand and provide for Chinese expectations and requirements. Auckland is New Zealand's key gateway, and it is vital that Auckland provides a first good impression for the rest of country. Chinese travellers visit New Zealand with great desire and expectations of experiencing an exotic land. They expect Auckland, as the biggest city in New Zealand, to provide them with a memorable city experience in a developed country. The purpose of this research is to study Chinese tourists' expectations and travel experiences, with a particular focus on investigating whether Auckland can provide suitable services and experiences which match their requirements and expectations. The research will build on the study by Bull (1991) and Ryan (1995), which looked at supply demand relationships and at the tourism industry attempts to balance the supply with the actual demands. It will also build on work by Zhao (2006) and Qu (2006) which explored the dimensions of Chinese demand and distribution channel factors at both origin and destination. The goal is to establish which factors are adequate or inadequate. A synthesis of the demand supply situation will enable the development of recommendations. It is envisage that these recommendations could be adopted by local government and the tourism industry, either as actions or as improvements to policy. With regards to the purpose of this research, a qualitative method was decided as the most relevant approach. Qualitative methods are useful for revealing and understanding what lies are behind any phenomenon about which little is known. Grounded theory is a qualitative research method that was developed for the purpose of studying a social phenomenon, and to generate a theory relating to a particular situation (Strauss & Corbin, 1994). The historical bases of the grounded theory approach matches the aim of this research, namely to reveal the relationships between tourists and the tourism industry and to gain a better understanding of Chinese tourists' expectation and satisfaction, and the level of the service which the Auckland tourism industry provides to Chinese travellers needs to match the Chinese market and requirements of travellers. The interviews were conducted with both Chinese travellers and the Auckland tourism industry, including hotel managers, restaurant managers, gift/souvenirs shop assistants, tour guides, and so on. The research shows Auckland is not ready for Chinese market yet. This result comes from three aspects: firstly, most Chinese tourists do not have clear requirements or expectations of Auckland before they come to New Zealand. This is mainly because of the limited promotional materials available in China about Auckland. Secondly, Chinese tourists do not have many opportunities to get to know Auckland's attractions and activities after they arrive in Auckland. Auckland city is New Zealand's most popular urban tourism destination in terms of population and gateway function provides tourism facilities and services to Chinese tourists. However, the findings highlighted most Chinese tourists found Auckland's tourism attractions to be unattractive to them due to the language barrier and itinerary issues. Thirdly, the research also found Chinese tourists have been driven away due to lack of hotel accommodations in Auckland, especially in the shoulder or high seasons. Auckland's accommodation facilities are facing a challenge. The increasing domestic and international visitors' numbers and insufficient hotel accommodations will be the major problem for Auckland for the next decade. Most of the Chinese tourists who were interviewed expressed their hope of knowing more about Auckland, however, these hopes will go unrealised until the city provides better attractions and more services for them.

This study seeks to deepen knowledge and understanding of the tourist gaze and tourist photography. The original concept of the ‘tourist gaze as proposed by John Urry is inherently Western-centric and, as a consequence, it is arguably of limited value as a conceptual framework for appraising the tastes, gazes and, more generally, the visual practices of the increasing number of non-Western tourists’. At the same, despite the fact that, in recent years, smart phone cameras have become widely used by people both in their everyday lives in general and in their travels in particular, few attempts have been made to explore and analyse the potential transformations brought to the landscape of the tourist photography by the increasing use of smart phone cameras. The purpose of this thesis, therefore, is to re-conceptualise and study empirically the tourist gaze and tourist photographic behaviour, as influenced by a variety of social, cultural and technological factors, amongst non-Western tourists. More specifically, it aims to explore the visual preferences of Chinese tourists in the UK, to consider critically what and how they take photographs of, and to evaluate the extent to which their gazes, their performance of gazing and their photographic practices are shaped by social, cultural and technological factors. In order to meet this aim, the qualitative research method of visual autoethnography is employed during two field studies with Chinese tourists in the UK. More precisely, a first field study was based on a seven-day package tour undertaken with eighteen Chinese tourists, visiting a total of thirteen destinations around British destinations. The second field study, in contrast, involved the researcher undertaking a five-day holiday with six Chinese tourists to the Isle of Wight off the south coast of England. During these two field studies, the researcher adopted the role of ‘researcher-as-tourist’, engaging in travel with the respondents, staying in the same accommodation, joining in with their activities and taking photographs with them. These first-hand travel and photographic experiences conspired to become an integral part of the resultant data resources which were not only analysed but also shared with the respondents during interviews with them. From the data collected during the two field studies and, indeed, the autoethnographic experiences of the researcher, it became clearly evident that smart phone cameras had become the principal means of taking photographs amongst Chinese tourists. Moreover, smart phone cameras have also altered the landscape of tourist photography, primarily by de-exoticising this practice and further enhancing its ‘playfulness’ and increasing its social functions. During the field studies, the Chinese tourist respondents engaged in a variety of visual and photographic activities, purposefully including but by no means being confined to an interactive game of photo-taking and photo-sharing, imagining authenticity, sensing the passing of time from gazing on natural spectacles, and deliberately observing what they considered to be ‘advanced’ aspects of the toured destination. Based upon these identified performances and practices, this thesis proposes the concept and framework of the Chinese tourist gaze. That framework essentially establishes what Chinese tourists prefer to see during their travels and seeks to explain why and how they see certain specific spectacles or tourist objects. At the same time, it theoretically re-situates both their gazes and their ways of gazing within a network of influential social, cultural and technological factors, including: the travel patterns of the élite in pre-modern China; the cultural characteristics of Chinese people; the intertwining of contemporary communication and photography technologies; and, the fusion of the Chinese nation-state, its economic policies policies and the resultant social and environmental problems that have emerged over the last three decades. Moreover, the framework points to potential future transformations in the Chinese tourist gaze, such as the de-exoticisation of that tourist gaze. The principal contribution of this thesis to extant knowledge is the concept and framework of the Chinese tourist gaze, as this may provide future researchers with the foundation for continuing to study and more profoundly understand the tastes, gazes, practices of gazing and other visual activities, including photography, of Chinese tourists. Indeed, given the inherent Western-centric bias in the relevant literature, an appropriate theoretical framework enabling them to do has, arguably, not previously existed. In addition, the dimensions and characteristics of tourist smart-phone-photography revealed in this research are of much significance, contributing to a deeper, richer understanding of transformations in the practice of tourist photography and, in particular, of why and how contemporary Chinese tourists take photographs. Furthermore, through identifying and exploring how the Chinese respondents in this study shared their photographs, greater knowledge and understanding has emerged of Chinese tourists’ technological travel communication and connections as well as their attitudes towards and use of the multiplicity of social networking sites and mobile-apps.

This dissertation aims to understand the food consuming behaviours of international tourists in their long-haul travel. This thesis is presented as a compendium of publications, which the first one intents to build a new typology of food consumed in tourism from a globalization perspective, and exposes a full range of dining experience, through investigating Chinese tourists’ food consumption in Spain. Then second paper investigates how food habits influence Chinese tourists to consume Spanish local food from the cultural perspective. This study also explains how tourists deal with these obstacles in local food consumption. The third paper explores the reasons why Chinese tourists chose to eat fast food in McDonald’s. This research challenges the pervious views on McDonald’s and clarifies some positive aspects of it to international visitors. This thesis extends and deepens the understandings of tourists’ food consumption experience in long-haul travelling with food cultural differences.
Aquesta tesi es presenta com un compendi de publicacions. Aquesta tesi pretén, en primer lloc, construir una nova tipologia d’aliments que es consumeixen en l’àmbit turístic des de la perspectiva de la globalització i exposa una àmplia experiència gastronòmica a través de la investigació del consum d'aliments dels turistes xinesos a Espanya. Tot seguit, aquesta tesi investiga com les costums alimentaries influeixen en els turistes xinesos a l’hora de consumir aliments locals espanyols. El segon paper investiga com les costums alimentaries influeixen en els turistes xinesos a l’hora de consumir aliments locals espanyols. Aquest estudi també explica com els turistes tracten aquests obstacles a l’hora de consumir aliments locals. El tercer paper explora els motius pels quals els turistes xinesos opten per menjar fastfood a McDonald's, sempre percebut com allò contrari al menjar local. Aquesta tesi amplia i aprofundeix els coneixements de l'experiència del consum d'aliments dels turistes a llarga estada amb diferències culturals alimentàries.

This exploratory study initially attempts to generate basic understanding regarding how do Chinese tourists evaluate the importance of Scandinavian gastronomies when holidaying the countries. And it further judge the states could whether implement gastronomical development strategy. Additionally, the study generally explores Chinese tourists’ food behavior, motivation and preference in a culturally different environment when holidaying in Scandinavian countries. The study also provides a detailed investigation regarding Chinese tourists’ food preference, behavior and motivation based upon the general food habits. The study proposes the in-depth research that describes the disparities of Chinese tourists’ dining attitude on Scandinavian gastronomies from varying social groups, such as age and gender. A structured questionnaire adopted in the study as the research tool to collect quantitative data from sampled respondents. This study addressed a number of gaps in current knowledge. Academically, it filled the gap about the relationship between the gastronomy and the destination in Scandinavian states. And this study gains a better understanding about Chinese tourists food attitude towards exotic gastronomies in particular Scandinavian’s. The difference of Chinese tourists’ gastronomies, food preference, motivations and tourists’ food behavior on food while having a trip in Scandinavian countries is specifically indicated in the study. Regarding the business, a key contribution of this study is that it also provides the understanding about Chinese tourists in culinary aspect which can help with making a feasible tourism development plan.

Currently, more and more Chinese tourists choose to have outbound tourism as a way to relax themselves from daily stressful work. The purchasing power of Chinese tourists is noticeable, so that they strongly boost local economy and promote the development of tourism industry. Consequently, an increasingly number of countries realize the great potential of Chinese tourists and take measures to attract Chinese tourists. Finnish government also make great efforts to attract more Chinese tourists, such as setting up more visa centers in China and strengthening the marketing of Finland from tourism perspective by launching many campaigns. Accordingly, this thesis is aimed to contribute to the branding of Finland as a destination to attract more Chinese tourists. The thesis has a very solid theoretical background. It is supported by numerous previous academic achievements and main schools of thoughts in its field, featured by relational network destination branding model, image forming agents’ theory, framework of destination competitiveness. Many related concepts have been mentioned under the three main ideas, structured by destination branding, destination image, destination competitiveness. From this perspective, the thesis exhibits the comprehensive understanding of past literatures and paves the way to the empirical study. The study applies to in-depth interviews to collect data. The interviewee can be classified as two groups. One is from the actual tourists, the other is from practitioners who work in Finnish tourism bureau and are responsible with marketing Finland as the destination. The common findings are expected to generate in the aspect of Chinese tourists and Finland as a destination. Since this thesis is abductive by nature, a new model of destination branding process is proposed to enrich the knowledge in this field. It acknowledges the great importance of Word- of-Mouth in the process of destination branding and connects destination competitiveness with destination branding. Moreover, the study figures out how the destination branding of Finland is conducted in China and examines the effect of current destination branding channels. Suggestions have been proposed in order to get an effective destination branding, represented by expanding the content of destination branding, building psychological link between Chinese tourists and Finland as destination, strengthening the cooperation with destination management organizations. This study has not only theoretical implication in destination branding research field, but also it offers practical and adaptable tools to improve the tourism development of Finland to Chinese tourists.

The aim of this research is to explore how Öland could attract Chinese tourists to sustain its development. This study is conducted on the basis of group interviews among 20 respondents selected from Chinese tourists. This research reveals that learning and experiencing, building a social relationship and enjoying natural landscape are the major reason for Chinese tourists traveling abroad, among which, the main motivations for Chinese tourists visiting Öland is the attractive spot. The research finds that not many Chinese tourists have been to Öland before. However, among those who have been, they said that Borgholm Castle was the most attractive tourist spot. The major approaches for Chinese tourists accessing information of Öland are travel agencies, travel apps, TV shows, movies and the internet , whereas little marketing strategies such as advertising (in Chinese) and cooperating with local travel agencies has been utilized by the government. An analysis of the key motivations of Chinese tourist reveals one challenge in attracting Chinese tourists facing the government: Öland is not well recognized as a World Heritage among Chinese tourists compared to other popular travel destinations. The strength and weakness of Öland tourism indicates that Öland need to take more active marketing strategies to brand their tourism targeting Chinese tourists.

The South African National Department of Tourism has recently initiated the National Tourism Sector Strategy aimed at developing a sustainable tourism economy, and making the country a Top 20 global tourism destination by 2020.China is one of South Africa’s major non-African sources of tourist arrivals. To ensure a growing share of this booming market, South African tourism scholars and practitioners have to pay close attention to the behaviour of Chinese outbound tourists, particularly their destination choice behaviour. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)– an extension of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)– can serve as a basis for researching destination choice. According to the TPB literature, intention is the most immediate and important determinant of behaviour. Three direct predictors of intention, namely, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived control, are functions of latent behavioural, normative, and control beliefs, respectively. The TPB is parsimonious but open to the inclusion of additional predictors if there is evidence that these predictors may explain a significant proportion of the variance in intention and behaviour after the basic predictors (attitude, subjective norms, and perceived control) have been accounted for. The current research successfully extended the TPB model for predicting potential Chinese tourists’ intentions to visit South Africa by adding two additional variables: travel motivation and travel constraints. The push-pull motivation framework discussed in the study postulates that people travel because they are pushed by internal forces (inner needs) and pulled by external forces (destination attributes). Typical barriers to travel include intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural constraints. The new model makes an important contribution to the literature on destination choice, and provides South Africa’s destination marketers with suggestions for attracting and serving Chinese tourists. In addition, the research shows that both travel motivation and travel constraints can be used as bases for segmenting the outbound Chinese tourist market interested in visiting South Africa. A survey approach and a structured questionnaire distributed electronically to the online panel members of a Chinese market research company were instrumental in collecting the empirical data for the study. The questionnaire was originally written in English and translated into Chinese (Mandarin) via a blind translation-back-translation method. Attitude, subjective norms, perceived control, and visit intention were all operationalised as unidimensional and used scales adapted from previous studies. New scales were developed for travel motivation and travel constraints– both operationalised as multidimensional. Quota sampling, used to identify respondents aged 18 or older and living in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, resulted in 630 usable questionnaires obtained from 1,510 sent invitation e-mails, yielding a response rate of 41.7%. The raw data collected were prepared through the sequential steps of editing, coding, and filing, and then analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive analysis suggested that broadening personal horizons, viewing the natural scenery, and seeing something different were the top motives for visiting South Africa, while language, fear of crime, and lack of travel companions were the top barriers to visiting South Africa. According to the factor analysis, travel motivation had three underlying dimensions – learning, escape, and aesthetics and appreciation, while operational, risk and fear, and social barriers were three underlying dimensions of travel constraints. Regression analysis showed that the proposed extended TPB model had higher predictive power for visit intention than both TRA and TPB models; the basic predictors – attitude, subjective norms, and perceived control – all had a significant impact on visit intention; and in terms of the additional predictors, learning, operational constraints, and social constraints had a significant impact on visit intention. The analysis of variance indicated that travel frequency and age were the most profound background factors with an influence on the extended TPB model. Finally, cluster analysis resulted in two market segments with distinct profiles, that is, High-Motivation/ Low-Constraint (HMLC) tourists and Low-Motivation/High-Constraint (LMHC) tourists. Based on the theoretical and empirical findings of the current research, it is recommended that destination marketers in South Africa: advertise specific benefits of touring South Africa, namely, increasing knowledge, relieving stress, and enjoying high environmental quality, to advance Chinese residents’ perceptions of the country; develop tourism experiences that can be taken in a week or shorter to cater for the unique annual leave and public holiday policy in China; launch a media relations campaign in China to ensure that the facts about South Africa are communicated without distortion; collaborate with other destination stakeholders such as government and businesses, to actively attract and retain Chinese tourists for example by educating the public about Chinese culture and training employees to improve the quality of service; target the HMLC tourists via the Internet (particularly the social media) and by developing holiday packages that include activities related to cultural tourism, rest and relaxation, and nature-based tourism; and target the LMHC tourists by cooperating with local travel agencies and by developing holiday packages that highlight the diversity of tourism activities and offer value-added products/services.

A causa del desenvolupament econòmic i a la millora de la qualitat de vida de la Xina, el consum de turisme ha estat cada vegada més habitual entre la població xinesa. El 2014 la Xina es va convertir en el major mercat de turisme emissor de el món, sent el país d’origen amb major nombre de viatges i despesa dels turistes. Els turistes xinesos passen a ser una part important de la indústria turística internacional, i cada vegada més investigadors i professionals del turisme s’interessen per conèixer millor els protagonistes d’aquest mercat emergent. El present estudi fet amb mètodes de recerca mixtos té com a objectiu identificar els atributs percebuts pels turistes xinesos de les atraccions turístiques, les seves motivacions de viatge i la recerca de valors, i explorar i examinar l’estructura cognitiva relativa a les motivacions de viatge en el context del turisme emissor. A la pràctica, es va utilitzar Barcelona com a destí per a aquest estudi. Es segueix un disseny seqüencial exploratori, ja que es realitza un estudi quantitatiu després d’una fase d’estudi qualitatiu. Per a la recollida de dades qualitatives es va utilitzar la tècnica de l’entrevista de foto-elicitació. Els resultats qualitatius inclouen les llistes d’atributs percebuts, motivacions de viatge i valors personals, que es van obtenir mitjançant una anàlisi de contingut inductiu i deductiu. L’anàlisi inductiva va garantir la correcta identificació de la informació descoberta pels estudis anteriors però esmentada pels enquestats, mentre que l’anàlisi deductiu va aprofitar al màxim les definicions àmpliament acceptades i els elements ben determinats a nivell d’atributs, motivacions i valors. El propòsit de la fase d’investigació quantitativa és produir resultats més generalitzables i objectius. Un qüestionari dissenyat a partir dels resultats qualitatius funciona com a instrument de recollida de dades quantitatives. Els resultats quantitatius generats a partir de l’anàlisi estadística es combinen finalment amb els resultats qualitatius per proporcionar conclusions i també riques en context, oferint així una visió més profunda de les preguntes d’investigació. El present estudi actualitza les llistes d’atributs percebuts de la destinació, les motivacions de viatge i els valors personals en el context de l’turisme emissor xinès. Els nous ítems específics de la Xina inclouen “Daka” al nivell de motivació, i “Mianzi”, “Pietat filial”, “Devoció pels fills” al nivell de valors personals . No obstant això, els ítems específics de la Xina van resultar estar en una posició baixa en les classificacions d’importància obtingudes dels atributs percebuts, les motivacions de viatge i els valors personals. Les estructures cognitives motivacionals dels turistes xinesos es van construir i van presentar amb mapes de valors jeràrquics, en els quals els ítems dels nivells d’atributs, motivacions i valors estan units per connexions importants. A més, es va determinar la influència de les característiques sociodemogràfiques en les classificacions i les connexions entre els elements d’atributs, motivacions i valors. El present estudi reuneix els enfocaments d’investigació qualitatiu i quantitatiu per millorar la integritat dels resultats. La fase qualitativa permet comprendre el context i es combina amb els resultats generals obtinguts en la fase quantitativa. La investigació demostra un mètode aplicable a diferents destinacions turístiques i turistes de diferents orígens que s’adapten als diferents contextos socials i culturals. Els resultats de la investigació van enriquir la bibliografia sobre la motivació per viatjar tenint en compte no només els conceptes dels atributs percebuts, les motivacions per viatjar i els valors personals, sinó també les connexions entre els elements d’aquests tres nivells amb diferents graus d’abstracció . Sobre la base dels resultats, es van discutir les implicacions pràctiques per al màrqueting i la gestió de les destinacions, incloent, però no limitant-se a Barcelona.
Debido al desarrollo económico y a la mejora de la calidad de vida de China, el consumo de turismo ha sido cada vez más habitual entre la población china. En 2014 China se convirtió en el mayor mercado de turismo emisor del mundo, siendo el país de origen con mayor número de viajes y gasto de los turistas. Los turistas chinos pasan a ser una parte importante de la industria turística internacional, y cada vez más investigadores y profesionales del turismo se interesan por conocer mejor a los protagonistas de este mercado emergente. El presente estudio llevado a cabo con métodos de investigación mixtos tiene como objetivo identificar los atributos percibidos por los turistas chinos de las atracciones turísticas, sus motivaciones de viaje y la búsqueda de valores, y explorar y examinar la estructura cognitiva relativa a las motivaciones de viaje en el contexto del turismo emisor. En la práctica, se utilizó Barcelona como destino para este estudio. Se sigue un diseño secuencial exploratorio, ya que se realiza un estudio cuantitativo tras una fase de estudio cualitativo. Para la recogida de datos cualitativos se utilizó la técnica de la entrevista de foto-elicitación. Los resultados cualitativos incluyen las listas de atributos percibidos, motivaciones de viaje y valores personales, que se obtuvieron mediante un análisis de contenido inductivo y deductivo. El análisis inductivo garantizó la correcta identificación de la información descubierta por los estudios anteriores pero mencionada por los encuestados, mientras que el análisis deductivo aprovechó al máximo las definiciones ampliamente aceptadas y los elementos bien determinados a nivel de atributos, motivaciones y valores. El propósito de la fase de investigación cuantitativa es producir resultados más generalizables y objetivos. Un cuestionario diseñado a partir de los resultados cualitativos funciona como instrumento de recogida de datos cuantitativos. Los resultados cuantitativos generados a partir del análisis estadístico se combinaron finalmente con los resultados cualitativos para proporcionar conclusiones imparciales y también ricas en contexto, ofreciendo así una visión más profunda de las preguntas de investigación. El presente estudio actualiza las listas de atributos percibidos del destino, las motivaciones de viaje y los valores personales en el contexto del turismo emisor chino. Los nuevos ítems específicos de China incluyen “Daka” en el nivel de motivación, y “Mianzi”, “Piedad filial”, “Devoción por los hijos” en el nivel de valores personales. Sin embargo, los ítems específicos de China resultaron estar en una posición baja en las clasificaciones de importancia obtenidas de los atributos percibidos, las motivaciones de viaje y los valores personales. Las estructuras cognitivas motivacionales de los turistas chinos se construyeron y presentaron con mapas de valores jerárquicos, en los que los ítems de los niveles de atributos, motivaciones y valores están unidos por conexiones importantes. Además, se determinó la influencia de las características sociodemográficas en las clasificaciones y las conexiones entre los elementos de atributos, motivaciones y valores. El presente estudio reúne los enfoques de investigación cualitativo y cuantitativo para mejorar la integridad de los resultados. La fase cualitativa permite comprender el contexto y se combina con los resultados generalizables obtenidos en la fase cuantitativa. La investigación demuestra un método aplicable a diferentes contextos sociales y culturales. Los resultados de la investigación enriquecieron la bibliografía sobre la motivación para viajar teniendo en cuenta no solo los conceptos de los atributos percibidos, las motivaciones para viajar y los valores personales, sino también las conexiones entre los elementos de estos tres niveles con diferentes grados de abstracción. Sobre la base de los resultados, se discutieron las implicaciones prácticas para el marketing y la gestión de los destinos, incluyendo, pero no limitándose a Barcelona.
Tourism consumption has become increasingly common among Chinese people, as a result of the economic growth and the development of life quality in China. Since 1983 when Chinese international tourism started to open to the public, the Chinese outbound travel market kept flourishing. In 2014, China became the world’s largest outbound tourism market, being the country of origin with the highest tourist departures and expenditure. Chinese tourists turn to be an important part of international tourism, and more researchers and tourism practitioners are interested in better understanding people from this emerging market. The knowledge regarding how Chinese tourists perceive tourism destinations and what motivates them to travel to different places is direct and essential. The current mixed-method study aims at identifying the Chinese tourists’ perceived attributes of tourism attractions, their travel motivations, and value pursuit, and exploring and testing the cognitive structure regarding travel motivations in the outbound travel context. Practically, Barcelona was used as the destination for this study. The exploratory sequential design is followed, as a quantitative study is conducted after a qualitative study phase. The photo-elicitation interview technique was used for qualitative data collection. Qualitative results include the lists of perceived attributes, travel motivations, and personal values, which were obtained with inductive and deductive content analysis. Inductive analysis ensured that the information uncovered by previous literature but mentioned by respondents is identified properly, while deductive analysis made the most of widely accepted definitions and well-determined items at attribute, motivation, and value levels. Th quantitative study phase aims at generating more generalizable and objective results. A questionnaire designed based on qualitative results works as the quantitative data collection instrument. The statistical analysis produced quantitative results that were finally integrated with qualitative results to provide unbiased and also context-rich findings, thus offering deeper insights for the research question. The current study updated the lists of perceived destination attributes, travel motivations, and personal values in China’s outbound travel context. New China-specific items include “Daka” at the motivation level, and “Mianzi”, “Filial piety”, “Devotion to children” at the personal value level. Although, the China-specific items were then found to be low-positioned in the obtained importance rankings of perceived attributes, travel motivations, and personal values. The Chinese tourists’ motivational cognitive structures were constructed and presented with hierarchical value maps, where the items at attribute, motivation, and value levels are linked by important connections. Moreover, the influence of socio-demographic characteristics on the rankings of and connections among the attribute, motivation, and value items was determined. The current study brings both qualitative and quantitative research approaches together to enhance the integrity of findings. A qualitative stage provided contextual understanding coupling with generalizable findings uncovered through a quantitative stage. The research demonstrated a method applicable to different tourism destinations and tourists from different origins adapting the varying social and cultural contexts. The research findings enriched travel motivation literature by taking into account not only the concepts in perceived attributes, travel motivations, and personal values but also the connections among the items at these three levels with different degrees of abstraction. Based on the results, practical implications for the marketing and management of destinations, including but not limited to Barcelona, were discussed.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Turisme

As a result of significantly improving relationship between South Africa and China, Chinese tourists traveling to South Africa have become a more noticeable group of travelers. More and more Chinese tourists choose South Africa as a tourism destination; especially Cape Town in the Western Cape region for a variety purposes such as relaxation, business and/or shopping. This research investigates the perceptions and motivation of Chinese tourists coming to the Western Cape region of South Africa. The proposed strategy of promoting the Western Cape region as a travel destination can be made based on the perceptions and motivation of Chinese tourists to the Western Cape. The study focuses on clearly understanding the perception of Chinese tourists by studying tourist behaviour and consumer motivation. The process of decision making and factors impacting on decision making are addressed in the research. A survey questionnaire was administered to Chinese tourists visiting South Africa. The primary data received by questionnaire was analyzed to show what actually Chinese tourists consider Western Cape as a travel destination. The Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) was utilized for analysis of data collected by the questionnaire. These general groups of data are discussed in the research. There are personal information, the motivation for travelling, and perceptions of respondents in the Western Cape region in South Africa.

Among tourism decision making studies, choice heuristics are barely explored. Choice heuristics are a set of rules decision makers use to process information about their choice criteria. The types of rules applied in the process can make a substantial difference to eventual outcomes, which for tourists includes not only the final choice of the tour package but also the choice process (Sen, 1997). Therefore, in order to better understand tourists' decision making behaviour, choice heuristics deserve greater attention. However, whilst compensatory choice heuristics are commonly applied in consumer focused tourism research, and conjoint analysis is often used for modelling compensatory heuristics, mirroring the predominant approach in consumer research, less attention has been afforded to non-compensatory heuristics. Recently, a greedoid method was introduced by Kohli and Jedidi (2007) and Yee et al. (2007) independently to that contributed to methodology for estimating non-compensatory heuristics. The aim of this study was to provide a greater understanding of consumer decision-making processes, based on the exploration of different choice heuristics used by the Chinese long-haul outbound tourists. This thesis makes theoretical contribution by providing insights on (1) how the concept of choice heuristics can be used to better understand the process of decision making and (2) how choice heuristics are used for the selection of complicated intangible services, tourism destinations in this case. The study also sheds light on the possible measurements for evaluating the fit of different choice heuristic models. In addition, the information found regarding the destination preference of Chinese long-haul outbound tourist is of great use for marketers and suppliers to improve their destination products as well as their advertisement campaigns.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate what marketing measures stores carry out to attract and simplify the purchase for the Chinese customer.  Completion: A qualitative study has been conducted focusing on how Chinese tourism has affected the Swedish retail trade. The study is based on a total of twelve different respondents who are localized in the Stockholm area. A total of 9 semi-structured interviews were conducted and 2 email correspondence. Nine of these consist of retail stores, the rest of which consists of a marketing company that focuses on the Chinese market, a Chinese newspaper independent of China and a communications company for the Swedish tourism industry.  Results: The findings of the study show that there are indications and a rising interest in introducing Chinese social media and payment methods in the future. This is mainly due to the fact of the observed increase of Chinese customers as well as this group accounting for 45% of Sweden’s total tax-free trade. Among the respondents, only three shops have adopted the payment methods today and one has been present on WeChat.
Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka marknadsföringsåtgärder butiker genomför för att attrahera och förenkla kinesernas köp Genomförande: En kvalitativ studie har genomförts med fokus på hur den kinesiska turismen har påverkat den svenska detaljhandeln. Studien baseras på totalt tolv olika respondenter som befinner sig i Stockholmsområdet. Nio av dessa består av butiker inom retail branschen, resterande består av ett marknadsföringsföretag som fokuserar på denna marknad, en kinesisk tidning oberoende av Kina samt ett kommunikationsföretag för svensk turistnäring. Det utfördes en systematisk tematisering av det insamlande materialet. Slutsats: Denna studie fann att bland de intervjuade butikerna var det endast 3 butiker idag som har antagit de kinesiskabetalningsmetoderna och att en använder sig av Kinas sociala medieapp, WeChat. Resterande respondenter meddelade att det finns funderingar på att införa dessa i framtiden då det observerat en stor ökning av kinesiska kunder under de senaste åren samt att denna grupp enligt Global Blue står för 45% av Sveriges totala tax free handel.

The image of a destination is built by a variety of influences, only some of which can be directly or indirectly attributed to the actions of destination marketing companies. This study proposes to identify, analyze and evaluate the factors that could impact positively and/or negatively on the image of South Africa as a tourist destination among tourists from China.

The Chinese inbound tourism market to Australia has been acknowledged as an emerging market and a major export earner. However, Australian inbound tour operators experience difficulties in establishing and developing viable partner relationships with Chinese travel agents. Recognising the size, importance and complexity of this market, the major purpose of this research is to explore and investigate the crucial process of developing Sino-Australian partnership relationships in the tourism industry, and to educate Australian tourism operatives about this process to facilitate the establishment of business relationships with Chinese travel agents. Hence, the principal research question posed in this thesis is: How might Australian tourism product suppliers and marketers establish and maintain partnership relationships with Chinese travel agents to help Australia become a preferred tourist destination for Chinese tourists? This study is exploratory in nature and draws on applied marketing, management and cross-cultural theories on networking to explore the process of developing partnership relationships in the Chinese inbound tourism market to Australia. The literature on networking, and the development of networking relationships, has been theorised drawing principally on the marketing and management literature. The impact of cross-cultural differences and the effect of guanxi (connection), a key feature of Chinese business networking, on partnership relations between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators, is also reviewed and discussed. One of the main contributions of this research is its multidisciplinary nature, drawing on relationship marketing and network theories and applying them to tourism research. Little research has been undertaken into tourism-based partnership relations in the cross-national context. Given the limited research conducted on this topic and its cross-cultural nature, a qualitative research method was adopted for this study. Specifically, this study utilised in-depth interviewing techniques to explore the relationships between Australian inbound tour operators and Chinese travel agents. This study identifies that the process of developing partnership relationships between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators is, as expected, highly culturally embedded but in unexpected ways. Although all the Australian inbound tour operators in the study are of Chinese descent, they have adapted to Australian culture and business ethics, giving rise to communication problems that affect partnership relationships. A new stage model of the development of partnership relationships between Australian inbound tour operators and Chinese travel agents is therefore developed by incorporating cross-cultural factors into Western theories on networking and relationship marketing. In particular, the thesis identifies important factors in each stage of the process of developing business relationships. For example, resilient trust and mutual commitment, the pricing issue, word-of-mouth, and quality of services are all considered crucial in attaining long-term stable partnership relationships. Disproving popular myths about guanxi in some of the previous literature, the findings from this research demonstrate that, in China's economic transition period, guanxi plays a significant, but not decisive role in the process of developing partnership relationships between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators. However, guanxi relationships can provide added value to the partnership relationships of Australian operators.

博士
國立中興大學
應用經濟學系所
107
With the rising tide of globalization, international exchanges and interactions are becoming increasingly frequent. International tourism has become one of the most important and fastest growing industries in Taiwan. With President Ma Ying-Jeou relaxed the Cross-Strait tourism policy since 2008, from 2010 onwards, China has quickly become the largest source of international tourists visiting Taiwan. Consequently, China has also become the major country affecting the development of Taiwan’s tourism economy. This dissertation contains three essays. The study uses Chinese tourists as the major focus of its analysis. Three essays in this thesis focuses on tourism finance in the Chinese Tourists to Taiwan during the year 2013 to 2018. The first essay examines the impact of Cross-Strait political and disaster-related events on the numbers of Chinese tourists visiting Taiwan during the period 2014 - 2018. We use the event study method to observe whether the numbers of tourists have changed abnormally before and after the occurrence of major events on both sides of the Strait. Ordinary least-squares (OLS) and three different types of conditional variance models, namely, GARCH (1,1), GJR (1,1), and EGARCH (1,1), are used to estimate the abnormal rate of change in the number of tourists. The empirical results show Group-type tourists are the most sensitive to the impact of Cross-Strait political events. Second, Individual-type and Medical-type tourists are not affected by political events. From the results of the disaster-related event research, it has been found that the impact of disasters and accidents on the number of Chinese tourists visiting Taiwan mainly depends on the level of an incident’s impact. These suggests that tourism businesses in Taiwan should enhance their own competitiveness, and extricate themselves from the vicious cycle of price competition (low cost group tourism). To promote a unique style of tourism, establish tourism groups with specific purposes, and create a friendly and safe tourism environment. The second essay investigates the short-run and long-run persistence of shocks to the change rate of Chinese tourists to Taiwan. The daily data used for the empirical analysis is from 1 January 2013 to 28 February 2018. Three widely-used univariate conditional volatility models, namely GARCH(1,1), GJR(1,1) and EGARCH(1,1), are used to measure the short-run and long-run persistence of shocks, as well as symmetric, asymmetric and leverage effects. Three different Heterogeneous AutoRegressive (HAR) models, HAR(1), HAR(1,7), and HAR(1,7,28), are considered as alternative mean equations for capturing a variety of long memory effects. The mean equations associated with GARCH(1,1), GJR(1,1) and EGARCH(1,1) are used to analyse the risk persistence of the change in Chinese tourists. The exponential smoothing process is used to adjust the seasonality around the trend in Chinese tourists. The empirical results show asymmetric impacts of positive and negative shocks on the volatility of the change in the number of Group-type and Medical-type tourists, while Individual-type tourists display a symmetric volatility pattern. Somewhat unusually, leverage effects are observed in EGARCH for Medical-type tourists, which shows a negative correlation between shocks in tourist numbers and the subsequent shocks to volatility. For both Group-type and Medical-type tourists, the asymmetric impacts on volatility show that negative shocks have larger effects than do positive shocks. The leverage effect in EGARCH for Medical-type tourists implies that larger shocks would decrease volatility in the change in the numbers of Medical-type tourists. These results suggest that Taiwan tourism authorities should act to prevent the negative shocks for the Group-type and Medical-type Chinese tourists to dampen the shocks that arise from having fewer Chinese tourists to Taiwan. The third essay examines the spillover effects between the rate of change in the numbers of Chinese tourist arrivals and the rate of change in the numbers of international traveller arrivals. Using daily data for Chinese tourists and international travellers visiting Taiwan over the period from 1 January 2014 to 28 February 2018, together with the Diagonal BEKK model. The empirical results show that there is positive Granger causality relationship between the change rate in the number of international travellers in the previous period on the numbers of Chinese tourists in the current period visiting Taiwan. Moreover, international tourism demand had spillover effects on to Chinese tourism demand that were greater than the Chinese tourism demand spillover effects on to international tourism demand. The empirical findings suggest that Taiwan should abandon its development strategy of focusing only on a single market, namely China, and to be pro-active in encouraging visits by international travellers to Taiwan for sightseeing purposes, thereby increasing the willingness of international travellers to visit Taiwan.

碩士
銘傳大學
國際企業學系碩士班
103
With the prosperous of Taiwan''s tourism industry, the international tourist hotels (ITHs) expand rapidly and increase the competiveness of hotels. The purpose of this study is to analysis the operation efficiency of the 57 International Tourist Hotels in Taiwan from 2009 to 2012 by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Besides, we also adopt TOBIT regression model to investigate the effect of environment factors on hotel efficiency. The factors include Chinese Tourist/Total Tourists, Room Price, Employee Productivity, Age, and Location. The empirical results can offer insight for the manger to improve their operation performance in the competitive environment. The empirical results indicate that the “Chinese Tourist/Total Tourists”, “Employee Productivity” and “Location” are positively to ITHs operation performance. The “Average Room Price” is negatively to ITHs operation performance.

China is now considered a newly emerging tourism market that is worthy of more attention. Due to Confucian philosophy, Chinese way of living is quite different from other countries. Additionally, given the massive changes in China’s recent history and the lack of related study concerning this market, the present research aims to investigate Mainland Chinese outbound tourists’ travel behaviors from a generational perspective and identify the similarities and differences among them, since distinctive attitudes, values, and behaviors exist among different cohorts. In this case, interviews are conducted on two Chinese generations (Social Reform Generation and Only-Child Generation); and five variables are chosen, namely, travel motivation, information sources, preferred activities, destination evaluation concerns and post-visit behavioral intentions. The results of this study reveal that: these two generations are similar in travel motivation, and they both concern for personal safety, food experience and friendliness of local people. However, they are different in information search; besides, though they are quite similar in preferred activities, Only-Child Generation prefer shopping also and is more likely to revisit and share experiences online than Social Reform Generation. It is necessary for a destination and service providers to gain insights into Chinese outbound tourists and tailor strategies to meet their expectations. Therefore, based on the findings, touristic offers must be developed and continuously adapted to tourists’ changes in terms of needs and travel behaviors of different segment, in accordance with the target of corresponding marketing practitioners.
A China é hoje em dia considerada um novo mercado emergente e, devido à filosofia confucionista, o seu modo de vida é significativamente diferente dos restantes países. Adicionalmente, considerando as enormes mudanças na história recente da China, e à falta de estudos sobre este mercado, o presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar o comportamento dos turistas da China continental, tendo em conta a diferença das gerações, atitudes, valores e comportamentos enquanto turistas. Desta forma, a pesquisa foi realizada em duas gerações chinesas, a Geração de Reforma Social e a Geração de Filho Único; e cinco variáveis foram analisadas, nomeadamente, motivação de viagem, fontes de informação, atividades preferidas, preocupações de avaliação de destino e intenções pós-visita. Os resultados demonstram que estas duas gerações são similares em termos de motivações em viajar e ambas têm em consideração segurança pessoal, experiência gastronómica e simpatia local. No entanto, diferem enquanto procura de informação, Apesar de semelhantes nas atividades preferidas, a Geração do Filho Único dá muita importância à experiência das compras e tem maior probabilidade em revisitar o país em questão, tal como partilhar a sua experiência "online". É necessário que o destino turístico e as empresas que dele fazem parte tenham uma maior visão e conhecimento sobre os turistas chineses, para trabalharem em estratégias que satisfaçam as suas expectativas. Portanto com base nos resultados, a oferta turística deve ser desenvolvida e continuamente adaptada às mudanças dos comportamentos dos turistas em todos os diferentes segmentos.

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Master Degree of Technelogy: Marketing, Durban University of Technology, 2008.
The South African tourism industry is becoming an important service sector in this country, which is attracting increasing international tourists in recent years. China, as a fast developing country, will be exerting greater influence on the development of tourism worldwide over the next decade. In particular, the impact of rapid growth of China's outbound tourism market has been felt by South Africa. A feature that South Africa's tourism marketers need to understand is the different demographics of the Chinese population and their different perceptions on SouthAfrican tourism. The purpose of this study is to identify, analyze and evaluate factors that could impact positively and/or negatively on the image of South Africa as a tourist destination among prospective tourists from China. It examines the opinions and perceptions of Chinese tourists in Shanghai. The research evaluates the kinds of perceptions and attitudes held by Chinese tourists towards South African tourism. The study was conducted with the assistance of fieldworkers in Shanghai who helped the research complete all the interviews and questionnaires. Data was analysed through the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), and findings, conclusions, and recommendations are presented. The study provides the recommendations to South African tourism organizations to take into considerationthe seriousness of Chinese tourists' understanding and perceptions towards South Africa as an emerging tourism destination as results indicate that many Chinese tourists do not quite understand South Africa and lack proper knowledge and information. Findings indicated that, although many Chinese tourists do know about South Africa as a tourist destination, they do
M

This project consists in an electronic guide (e-guide) dedicated to Chinese tourists who are interested and willing to travel to Portugal. This e-guide introduces Portugal to Chinese tourists, filling in an identified cultural gap, and enhancing Chinese tourists’ knowledge about this destination. In this project, Chinese tourists’ travel preferences and demands are analyzed based on two questionnaires (one a priori and one a posteriori). Based on these results, customized tourism information and travel plans were generated. The preparation and development processes of this e-guide are presented in detail in this project. This project is the final work of the Master’s degree in Tourism and Communication, leading to the achievement of the degree of Master by Escola Superior de Hotelaria e Turismo do Estoril, Faculdade de Letras e Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território.
Neste projeto desenvolveu-se um guia eletrónico (e-guia), destinado a turistas chineses interessados e dispostos a viajar para Portugal. Este guia eletrónico também serve como um meio de apresentação de Portugal aos turistas chineses, preenchendo lacunas culturais identificadas e aumentando o conhecimento dos turistas chineses sobre este destino. Neste projeto, as preferências e exigências de viagem dos turistas chineses são analisadas com base em dois questionários (um a priori e outro a posterior). Com base nesses resultados, foram geradas informações personalizadas sobre turismo e desenvolvidos planos de viagem. Os processos de preparação e desenvolvimento deste guia eletrónico são apresentados em detalhe neste projeto. O projeto corresponde ao trabalho final do Mestrado em Turismo e Comunicação, levando à obtenção do grau de Mestre a atribuir pela Escola Superior de Hotelaria e Turismo do Estoril, pela Faculdade de Letras e pelo Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território.

碩士
世新大學
傳播管理學研究所(含碩專班)
104
Ever since the Chinese Reform and Opening in 1978, the living standard and economic capabilities of the Chinese citizens have substantially increased. To join the WTO, the Chinese government have been loosening up restrictions of the opportunities for their people to walk out the country. The government even encouraged people to go abroad and fro sightseeing. The number of the Chinese tourists and their spending power had drawn the worldwide tourism industries’ attention. The number of the tourists heading for Mainland China and Taiwan have been increasing form year to year recently. Statistic shows that, the number of the Chinese tourists stands 40.4% of all the inbound tourists in Taiwan. Kaohsiung Liuohe night market is one of the Top 10 night market in Taiwan. Liuohe night market attracts thousands of Chinese tourists per day ever since the Chinese Reform and Opening occurred. It became the spot that the Chinese tourists “must go”. However different voices had come out from all kinds of perspective to this issue. The following research directly will discuss the impact on the Liuohe Market by the Chinese tourisms. The research includes positive influences on the tourism income, and the crowding out effect to the national tourism resources. To analyze the influences and how it affects the tourism industry and living of the surrounding residents, we went through multiple interviews, and literature review.

碩士
國立暨南國際大學
公共行政與政策學系
102
After martial law was lifted, the government began to allow visits to China on humanitarian grounds on Nov. 2, 1987 to benefit many who had been separated from their family in China for decades and serve as a prelude to the one-way nature of exchanges. In 2002, two-way exchanges started when Taiwan opened her tourism market to Chinese tourists belonging to the second and third categories, but tourists must enter into, visit, and exit from Taiwan in groups. The policy was not revised until “The Rules Governing Permits for Chinese Tourists” was amended on Feb. 24, 2005. To fully open Taiwan’s tourism market to Chinese tourists is not only the ultimate goal of the government’s China policy but also the trial balloon of Three Direct Links. After talks and negotiations between both sides, Taiwan’s tourism market was finally opened to Chinese tourists belonging to the first category. The government shall refer to how neighboring countries that open their tourism market to Chinese tourists ensure to facilitate growing exchanges in such a way that enhances, nor compromises, the national security and national sovereignty. The research methods known as “Documentary Analysis” and “Historical Path Dependence” were adopted to collect data and analyze the threats posed to national defense, economy, society, prevention and control of infectious diseases by the opening of tourism market to Chinese tourists. Based on the findings, the study attempted to provide data summaries and recommendations that could be used by the government in encountering and solving problems caused by fully opening Taiwan to Chinese tourists.

碩士
中國文化大學
觀光事業學系觀光休閒事業碩士在職專班
107
Based on the push and pull model of tourism motives, this paper explores the relationship between tourism motivation and tourism routes between China tourists in Taiwan, and analyzes the number of tourist days, consumption budget, immigration, accommodation transportation, sightseeing spots, itinerary, stay time, and purchase of goods. And other itinerary routes, etc., to explore its relevance to travel motivation. This study collected questionnaires from a random sample of free China tourists who came to Taiwan to collect a total of 269 valid questionnaires, and used descriptive statistics, t-test, variance analysis and chi-square test analysis data. The study found that： 1. There is no difference in travel motivation between different genders. 2. The level of land-based disposable income is different in many travel motives. 3. There are differences in the motivations of many travelers from the region. 4. The level of push model in the motive is related to the choice of the number of tourist days and the amount of the self-funded budget. 5. The level of leisure and relaxation in tourism motivation is related to the choice of multiple tourist routes. 6. The level of enthusiasm for communication in tourism motivation is related to the goods that you like to buy. 7. The level of tension in tourism motivation is related to the choice of multiple tourist routes. 8. "Safety", "Leader Service", "Affordable Price" and "Hotel Accommodation Quality" are the most important aspects of the China tourists. 9. China tourists feel that the most suitable tourist days are the most suitable for eight days. 10. Spring is the best season for most landlords to choose to travel to Taiwan. 11. China tourists like the most popular means of transportation. 12. Most of the China tourists want to choose to stay in a big city. 13. Most of the China tourists feel that it is more important to travel to Taiwan to experience the local experience. 14. Gourmet attractions are the most popular itinerary routes. 15. "Famous specialty products" and "Tea leaves" are the goods that most of the China tourists like to buy. 16. "Medical Beauty", "Health Check" and "Gourmet Cooking Teaching" are the routes that most of the China tourists can wish to arrange.

碩士
臺北市立體育學院
休閒運動管理學系碩士班
100
The study focused on the Chinese tourists in Taiwan and attempted to discuss the relationships among characteristics, purchase motivation, and customer satisfaction rate of Chinese tourists in Taiwan. There were 303 Chinese tourists in Taiwan who had actual purchase behaviors purposively surveyed from April to May, 2012. The main findings of this study were as follows: 1. Most of the study subjects were from age 40 to 49, married, had children, and involved in business and service industries. Most of them came for the purpose of sightseeing and indicated it was their first trip in Taiwan. Their travel companians were majorly co-workers, and information for Taiwanese commodities and itinerary were both collected from travel agencies. 2. The major purchase motivation of Chinese tourists in Taiwan was to purchase products that were unavailable in China and the price was not a determinant for their purchases. 3. The main factor of shopping satisfaction of Chinese tourists in Taiwan was the efficacy of salespersons while the influences of shopping time in the store was not determinant. 4. The purchase motivation would significantly predict the price dimension in the shopping satisfaction; the stringer purchase motivation, the higher shopping satisfaction in term of price. Around 1.18 million Chinese tourists visited Taiwan in 2010 and the number had increased by 100,000 in 2011, which suggested their consuming ability should not be overlooked. To understand the purchase behavior of Chinese tourists in Taiwan could assist the government in developing relevant policies to advance their purchase behaviors other than promoting the tourism in Taiwan. The shopping time and diversity of products should also be improved by commercial practitioners.

碩士
中國文化大學
觀光休閒事業管理研究所
98
Chinese mainland tourism industry has enormous potential, in 2008 replaced Japan and Germany as the world's two major tourism economy. Since July 2008 mainland Chinese to visit Taiwan for sightseeing since the monthly increase in total attendance, while tourism "shopping" in the tourism supply and tourism demand has always occupied a very important proportion of the hope this will help enhance the industry's service quality and performanc, and passenger satisfaction, and create a win-win. This research content first by on-site observation method, understand Chinese passenger in the shopping process and the way of marketing, build up the literature of impulse shopping behavior and buying, and then in-depth interviews, the object is: to come to Taiwan to participate in group tours for mainland Chinese tourists and sightseeing store vendor or lecturers, and the accompanying tour guides and tour leaders. And integrate by content analysis to explore the mainland Chinese tourists and response characteristics of impulsive behavior, and barriers of perceived risk, and the industry and practitioners with relevant marketing strategies. In this study, interviews with the theory of convergence analysis, integration of mainland Chinese tourists impulse purchases and shopping behavior of nine dimensions: impulse buying are: to stimulate the external vendors and internal perception (consumer impulsivity traits), purchase situations.Shopping behavior are: to reduce perceived risk, factors associated with gifti, shopping, strategic factors in a planned purchase, shopping obstruction, post-purchase reactions; and 55 sub-surface items. The results of this study in accordance with its purchase of the phenomenon, the effects for classification and nearly 200 species of short name, which provides operators and employees of the actual strategy use.

碩士
崇右影藝科技大學
經營管理系
106
Chinese tourists have become one of the main sources of customers for the tourism industry in Taiwan, which is substantial progress achieved via cross-Strait exchange. For Chinese tourists to experience better service quality and travel itineraries in Taiwan, it is necessary to further understand the needs of Chinese tourists and their impressions of Taiwan tourism and then raise the value of their tourism. This study utilized a questionnaire, with Chinese tourists traveling to Taiwan as the subjects. A total of 450 questionnaires were issued for the sampling survey, and 407 valid questionnaires were collected, representing a valid response ratio reaching 90.44%. The marketing strategies, tourism impressions, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions of Chinese tourists traveling to Taiwan were analyzed to understand their opinions, and the correlation between each dimension was ascertained. Analysis results are as follows: marketing strategy has a significant positive effect on tourism impressions, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions; customer satisfaction has a significant positive effect on behavioral intention; tourism impression has a significant positive effect on behavioral intention and customer satisfaction; background variables result in significant differences in each dimension.

博士
中國文化大學
地學研究所博士班
103
The situation across Taiwan Straits has undergone different phases of conflict, hostility, tension and relaxation. The cross-strait tourism development is suitable as an empirical example for post-conflict tourism research. Mainland Chinese tourists have overtaken Japanese tourists as the biggest tourist group in Taiwan since 2010. Mainland Chinese tourist is one of the most important influencing factors of tourism development and tourism landscapes in Taiwan. Tourist gazes are constructed by social cultures. Those objects have been gazed, are significant for the gazers. The embodied forms of those objects are tourism landscapes. By considering how mainland Chinese construct their tourist gazes is a good way of getting at just what is happening in their ‘normal society’. By analyzing Taiwan’s tourism landscapes as texts that gazed by mainland Chinese tourists can contribute to finding the cultural and social meanings of their gazes. The virtual space is increasingly important because of the popularity of the internet and mobile communications, which is also penetrating into the material space by imagination. Due to the reason above, it promotes tourism landscapes images to be circulated and represented continuously between the virtual world and the material world. Many people record, send and share their travel experiences and stories through web albums, travel notes, blogs, and other social media. The messages expressed by these ways could better represent mainland Chinese tourists’ inner feelings and real thoughts because of less face-to-face interferences, and are also texts which can make us understand Taiwan’s tourism landscapes under the gazes of mainland Chinese tourists. The research adopted mobile tourism ethnography to do fieldworks in the major attractions for mainland Chinese tourists in Taiwan's northern, central, southern and eastern parts in the material world, as well as in mainland China’s mainstream internet travel forum, www.mafengwo.cn, in the virtual world. Trying to present and interpret the pluralistic phenomena and implications of the tourism performances of mainland Chinese tourists in Taiwan. The research has shown that the contents and appearances of Taiwan’s tourism landscapes have enriched by shaping and reshaping processes through mainland Chinese tourists received the texts of Taiwan-related movies, dramas, music, internet travel forum, blogs, official education and propaganda.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
新聞研究所
104
The purpose of this study was to investigate the image of Chinese tourists in Taiwan’s newspapers. The aim was to find out how the imagination of “others” changed with the different group consciousness in Taiwan’s society. The study focused on United Daily News, Apple Daily, and The Liberty Times, analyzed the news reports which have “Chinese tourists” in the titles during July 18th, 2008 to November 7th, 2015. Differs from the studies in the past, this study brought Apple Daily into consideration. The results in the content analysis and discourse analysis both indicated that there were some continuous axes existed despite the different political stands. For example, In three newspapers, the amounts of positive image in the economic-related reports decreased with time went on; and on the other side, the amounts of literacy-related reports increased. And in the course analysis part, it was found that the process of how the Chinese tourists’ image changed, the three newspapers had highly similarity in the developments. One conclusion was that the Chinese tourists issue was not only a political issue, either an economical issue, but also a cultural issue, which cannot be ignored, since Chinese tourists had become a distinct “others”. This conclusion was also a reflection that China and Taiwan are growing further apart, not coming closer together.

碩士
臺北城市科技大學
運動健康與休閒所
102
This study aims to enhance the understanding of Mainland Chinese tourists' intention to revisit Taiwan after their previous trips. On the fourth of July, 2008, Taiwanese government officially permitted the first tourist group from Mainland China. On the eighteenth of July, 2008, the law officially started to permit Mainland Chinese to visit and do sightseeing in Taiwan. Since then, the number of tourists to Taiwan has been ever-increasing over the years. Internal scholars have made efforts to study the pertinent factors. Nonetheless, the annual tourist increment also owes to the commencement of Free Independent Travel for Mainland Chinese which took effect in the June of 2011. Therefore, this study will be focusing on the Mainland Chinese Tourists' intention of revisiting Taiwan as result of their overall satisfaction and appraisals of their previous trips. The result of this study will also serves as a suitable reference for the travel agencies to modify their marketing strategies. This study makes use of two hundred effective questionnaires filled out by Mainland Chinese Tourists to Taiwan, and validates the hypothesis according to the frequency distribution table, the frequency count and the one-factor analysis. The result of this study shows as follows: (1) The demographics and background characteristics of the Mainland Chinese Tourists show significant differences in respect to the variables of marital status and individual jobs. (2) Compared with their travel motivations, significant differences are discernible in the Mainland Chinese tourists' overall satisfaction and appraisals. (3) The Mainland Chinese tourists' overall satisfaction significantly influences their overall appraisals. (4) The Mainland Chinese tourists' overall satisfaction and appraisals significantly influence their revisit intention.

O objetivo deste estudo é disponibilizar informação mais aprofundada sobre o perfil da futura geração de turistas Chineses e explorar as suas percepções sobre Portugal enquanto destino turístico. A procura dos turistas Chineses por viagens no estrangeiro bem como as suas preferências devem ser do conhecimento dos agentes da indústria do turismo para que possam corresponder às expectativas deste mercado. A análise de factores como as políticas implementadas pelo governo no âmbito do turismo emissor contribuirão para melhor compreender o desenvolvimento do turismo da China. A consciência e perceção de Portugal enquanto destino turístico entre a futura geração de turistas Chineses constituem questões importantes a serem estudadas. Este estudo evidencia o tipo de turista Chinês e as tendências da futura geração de turistas, pois com o aumento médio dos vencimentos, a globalização e um novo estilo de vida estão a aparecer novos grupos de turistas. A pesquisa através de um questionário a alunos de licenciaturas e mestrados evidencia as características e tendências do turismo para o estrangeiro na perspectiva deste nicho da nova geração de turistas. Este questionário apresenta os resultados do estudo que determina os atributos que são considerados mais importantes na experiência global dos turistas Chineses que poderão vir a viajar para Portugal.
The aim of this study is to provide an in depth insight into the tourist profile of the future Chinese generation and to explore its perceptions of Portugal as a tourism destination. As the demand for outbound travel in China increases, interests about tourism activities should be known by the agents of tourism industry, so that the expectations of these tourists can be met. The analyses of factors such as government policies concerning outbound travel in the tourism industry, will largely contribute to better understand the development of Chinese tourism activity. The awareness and perception of Portugal as a tourism destination amongst Chinese future tourists is one of the important aspects to be studied. This study outlines the type of Chinese tourist and the trends with new groups of tourists appearing. This is becoming a reality due to the increase of average income, globalization and a new lifestyle. A survey questionnaire distributed amongst undergraduate and post-graduate students will highlight the characteristics and trends emerging in outbound tourism according to their opinions and perceptions. This survey presents the findings that determine the critical factors to the overall experience of Chinese tourists that would travel to Portugal in the future.

Thesis (M.Tech.: Tourism and Hospitality Management)-Durban University of Technology, 2007 xi, 130 leaves
Tourism is one of the world's major industries and is increasing in importance as a source of substantial employment and of great economical and social benefit to many regions around the world. China has the world’s largest population and it has been predicted that China will become one of the world’s major sources of international travellers in the 21st century. Although the outbound travel industry in China has only been developing in recent years, there has been an increasing number of outbound Chinese going all over the world. South Africa is one of the countries that are beginning to be penetrated by the emerging Chinese outbound traveller market. The purpose of this study is to examine the South Africa inbound tourism industry’s readiness for the increasing Chinese tourist market to South Africa and also to examine South Africa as a secondary international destination for the Chinese traveller. The study also aims to explore the Chinese travellers’ interests and major concerns when travelling to South Africa and the expectations of the inbound tour operators in Shanghai. A purposive sample of 118 respondents from Shanghai’s tourism industry participated in the study.

碩士
大葉大學
資訊管理學系碩士班
101
Travel Blog provides a way to show personal feelings for the tourism experience, explore the tourist’s deep inner most realistic idea, understand the tourist’s positive and negative emotion evaluations of the destinations from the content of the article, and gather important sources of tourism attractions. Above all, Travel Blog has a significant impact on the tourist’s destination impressions and travel intentions. In this study, qualitative and quantitative studies are conducted by using the content analysis method. Firstly, travel courses analysis was conducted. To explore Taiwan tourism image from blogs, cultural appearance was explored by using CKIP word frequency statistics and by analyzing the six dimensions of food, residence, transportation, travel, shopping, and entertainment, then cultural experience was explored by analyzing positive and negative emotions of the tourists. The results are as follows. Chinese individual tourists and package tourists have their preferred travel courses, respectively. Also, there were differences with respect to the CKIP word frequency statistics for the six dimensions of food, residence, transportation, travel, shopping, and entertainment among Chinese individual tourists and package tourists. As for the aspect of emotions, the big differences are in the dimensions of food and shopping. In the dimension of residence, Chinese individual tourists have more positive emotions than those of Chinese package tourists. On the other hand, in the dimension of shopping, the result is in reverse. Tourism industry has become one of the most important industries in the 21st century. In recent years, the government takes the "construction of Taiwan as a tourism island" as a priority. With the increasing number of the Chinese tourists visiting Taiwan, the results of this study can provide important information for tourism officials and tourism industry reference.

碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
觀光與餐旅管理研究所
103
The enormous economic benefits by opening to mainland tourists to visit Taiwan are definitely positive investment highlights for the tourism industry. All countries are now striving for tourists. For mainland tourists, we have inherent advantages, two-way cross-strait tourism exchanges, and substantial progress has been made. For the mainland tourists to visit Taiwan can enjoy more comfortable travel products and services, it is necessary to understand the mainland tourists to Taiwan's tourism image, in-depth understanding of mainland tourists needs, enhance the tourism value of the land off, which was currently important tourism and leisure industry topic. Therefore, understanding the mainland tourists to Taiwan for sightseeing imagery, as well as whether there are negative tourism image, tourism industry in Taiwan will help provide better quality of tourism. To learn mainland tourists to Taiwan to experience sightseeing tours, whether to feel bad quality of service, and whether or not the travel service experience adverse affects of mainland tourists to Taiwan tourism satisfaction. To assist Taiwan tourism authorities and tourism operators and service quality management strategy is the study motivation. This study used questionnaires and use Taiwan’s mainland tourists as objects to conduct a sample survey. Four hundred valid questionnaires were distributed by t- test, analysis of variance and regression analysis. After analysis, we made the following conclusions. (1) Mainland tourists to the natural landscape and human feeling of imagery in Taiwan is very good experience. (2) When mainland tourists travel to tangible service quality is the best, second is the quality of service times for service quality and responsiveness of care. They like natural landscape and multi religion culture and dislike food taste. (3) When mainland tourists are traveling in Taiwan, the obtained higher tourism quality than they originally expected. (4) They have partially significant differences on tourism image, service quality and satisfaction depend on their socioeconomic background. (5) Tourism image to service quality has partial significant positive influence. (6) Tourism image to satisfaction has partial significant positive influence. (7) Service quality to satisfaction has significant positive influence. Research suggestions: 1. Enhance the marketing strength of first and secondary cities, visitors are encouraged to visit Taiwan and publish their travel impressions on blogs and weibo. 2. Distinguish multi-level service and reception specifications and standards, in order to grade segment to tour mainland tourists to Taiwan market. 3. Multiple characteristics of tourism product development and increase network platform to build tourism opportunities. 4. Continue to improve service quality of Taiwan tourism industry and create tourist satisfaction.

碩士
南華大學
休閒產業經濟學系
102
Many literature reviews of tourism were found in many studies nowadays. However, most of the studies emphasize on the leisure expectations, satisfaction analysis, tourism market analysis, correlation of foreign exchange earnings, tourism competitiveness, cognitive imagery and passenger travel motivation research. It is noticed that the studies of the travel and tourism trends in the degree of dispersion of Taiwan’s international travelers are not being explored as well as the impact of opening up the Chinese mainland tourists to visit Taiwan policy implementation due to the number of tourists increases every year. Thus, this study aims at exploring the degree of dispersion of tourism of Taiwan’s international travelers and analyzing the factors of the travel dispersion and further investigating the impact of the open policy toward mainland tourists to Taiwan's tourism degree of dispersion. 　　The study subject was chosen from at Taiwan’s international travelers. The study sample was selected from the "Taiwan Visitors Expenditure and Trends Survey" in year 2006 to 2011. The STATA statistical software was used for statistical analysis of the number of travelers visiting tourist attractions and the linear regression model was testfied according to the information described in the number of tables and table variables. The first part, using a linear regression model to explore the relationship between the traveling dispersal degree of international travelers and the demographic characteristics. The second part, using a linear regression model to explore differences on the degree of international travelers’ dispersal after opening the policy of mainland tourists to Taiwan as well as the comparison on the size of Chinese mainland visitors’s dispersal rate. 　　The results showed that travelers would no longer choose to visit Taipei city after the open policy in the year of 2008. Meanwhile, the degree of dispersion of tourist visitors from all countries is increased and is even dispersed in Taiwan. Except the rest of Asia, the Middle East, the Americas, Africa, Oceania, the impact has no significance on the travelers dispersal degree of the Chinese mainland visitors. Other countires have more significance travel dispersionrate than Chinese mainland visitors. The most significance impact is from the travelers in Hong Kong, Macao, Singapore, Malaysia , and mainland China, who have been influenced by the Taiwan’s open tourism policy for mainland China.

碩士
中國文化大學
觀光事業研究所
86
The Consumer Behavior of Inbound Tourists toward Chinese Food Student：Cheng-Shiung Wu Advisor：Prof. Sheng-Hshiung Tsaur Chinese Culture University ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was employed the questionnaires to conduct an investigation for Taiwan inbound tourists so as to explore their choice preference and satisfaction toward Chinese food. As the result, the three most influential variables of choosing Chinese food were "Quality of food", "Food taste" and "Cleanliness". Using Importance Performance Analysis (I. P.A.) technique, it indicated that "Cleanliness" and "Personal service" were the key factors to improve Chinese foodservice. Then, by applying stepwise regression analysis, it revealed that "Occupation", "Education" and "Place of residence" of relative satisfaction were also found to be statistically significant. Finally, it is being utilized to extract factors of consumers which are ranked as the following three factors such as "Quality service", "Decoration ambiance" and "Experience oriented". And the major types of consumers can be classified into five types: "the type of focus on quality", "the type of negative buying", "the type of enjoy ", "the type of suitability" and "the type of experience searching". These findings could be helpful for restaurant owners and tourism related organizations in developing marketing programs.

碩士
國立交通大學
管理學院經營管理學程
101
In order to deals global financial crisis and enhances the competitiveness of tourism, Taiwan’s government has been proposed relevant countermeasures and programs, such as revitalize the economy by developing tourism and make it prosperous. With the opening for these tourists from mainland China, the updated information shows that there have been more than 3.05 million travelers visiting Taiwan. This study collects trends and developments of Mainland China tourists via field interviews and data collections. Most of the tourism packages cover the same places to go. Price competition results in quality decline in transportation, catering, accommodation, and itinerary. We propose a higher package price based on the product characteristics, such as more diversified itineraries, free and individual travel, improvement of tourism quality, and reduction of tourism risk.

博士
國立臺北大學
企業管理學系
102
The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes and behaviors of Chinese travelers to Taiwan portrayed by generation. Based on the theory of tourism consumption systems (TCS), the hypotheses were proposed regarding tourists’ information source used, planning time, travel behavior (length of stay, leisure activities, destination expenditures, and gift-buying expenditures), overall evaluation of destination, and revisit intention. The study utilized quick cluster, analysis of variance (ANOVA), regression and logistic tests to detect statistically significant differences in two generation. The results revealed not only a number of significant differences in generation, but also some important similarities for Chinese tourists’ travel behavior in Taiwan. Moreover, the study provides important empirical support for the theory of TCS, while showing the value of generation analysis as a commonsense segmentation criterion in travel market research. This work has led to an accumulation of empirical evidence and new insights on the subject of interest, further making a substantial contribution toward the better understanding of travel behavior. Keywords: Generation, Tourism Consumption System (TCS)

This report studies western hotel services and infrastructure that are suitable for Chinese tourists. The rapid development of China's outbound tourism has made more Chinese tourists keen to travel abroad. The number of Chinese overnight stays in western countries is on the rise, and at the same time, they have gradually put forward more requirements for western accommodation. The increasing requirements of Chinese tourists for the services and infrastructure of western accommodation have made their expectations higher, which also makes it more difficult for western hotels to improve customer satisfaction. Moreover, attracting more Chinese tourists and providing them with more suitable services is very important for western hotels, especially in the current situation of Chinese outbound tourism prevailing, Chinese tourists have become one of the main tourists in many tourist destinations. Therefore, the purpose of our research is to understand the characteristics of Chinese outbound tourists and their requirements for accommodation, and to help western hotel managers and employees discover innovative and optimized services and infrastructure for Chinese tourists. We combined quantitative and qualitative research and used non-probability sampling methods to collect data. We collected 463 answers through online questionnaire surveys. Regarding the internship at the Ibis Hotel Munich City West, the hotel is an economy hotel dedicated to the development and innovation of infrastructure and services. It is also one of the popular hotels in Munich for Chinese tourists and business travellers. Through the internship in western hotels and online surveys for Chinese tourists, this internship report shows that many Chinese tourists have consistent demands and expectations for western accommodation's catering products, services, and infrastructure. Mainly focus on Chinese language service, Chinese map and menu, Chinese food, hot water, Chinese tea, mobile payment, Wi-Fi, room supplies, staff service attitude and quality. Understanding and trying to meet these needs and expectations can help western hotels better attract Chinese guests and gain a competitive advantage in China's outbound tourism market.
O desenvolvimento económico que a China tem experienciado nas últimas décadas levou a um aumento muito significativo do número de turistas chineses que viajam para o estrangeiro por motivos de lazer ou negócios. O número de dormidas originadas por turistas chineses nos países ocidentais tem vindo igualmente a aumentar de forma significativa. Vários estudos têm salientado que os turistas chineses colocam, cada vez mais, maiores exigências aos serviços e infraestruturas de alojamento nos países ocidentais, pois a maior experiência em viagens internacionais, levaram igualmente a uma maior exigência em termos dos serviços e produtos adquiridos. Paralelamente, torna-se cada vez mais difícil aos estabelecimentos hoteleiros nos países ocidentais satisfazer as necessidades e exigências destes turistas. Em virtude da China se ter tornado no país que mais turistas internacionais emite a nível mundial, atrair mais turistas chineses e fornecer-lhes serviços mais adequados, tornou-se fundamental para muitos hotéis ocidentais conseguirem manter a sua competitividade. Neste sentido, o presente estudo visa estudar em que medida os serviços e as infraestruturas hoteleiras existentes nos países ocidentais são adequados para receber os turistas chineses. São igualmente objetivos do estudo empírico desenvolvido no âmbito do estágio curricular, compreender as características dos turistas chineses que se deslocam para países ocidentais e estudar os requisitos e exigências que colocam ao alojamento, e assim ajudar os gestores e funcionários de hotéis ocidentais a oferecer serviços e infraestruturas inovadores e otimizados para os turistas chineses. Assim, no presente documento resumimos a informação de diversos estudos académicos sobre as características dos turistas chineses, incluindo também a análise do desenvolvimento do turismo internacional com origem na China e os fatores que impulsionaram o desenvolvimento do turismo neste país. A liberalização gradual da política de turismo da China, mais cooperação internacional em termos de acordos bilaterais para fins de turismo e a melhoria do nível económico das pessoas são as principais forças impulsionadoras do turismo chinês. Num segundo momento, procurou-se igualmente saber quais as exigências e expectativas dos turistas chineses sobretudo em relação ao alojamento e quais os fatores que influenciam o comportamento dos turistas chineses. Verificou-se que a cultura chinesa, o rápido desenvolvimento tecnológico e a educação têm impacto no comportamento dos turistas chineses, influenciando de forma decisiva a duração da viagem, os propósito de viagem, as formas de viagem, a seleção de destinos e as exigências e expectativas de produtos e serviço de viagens e alojamento. A metodologia seguida para levar a cabo o estudo empírico combinou metodologias quantitativas e qualitativas e utilizou o método de amostragem não-probabilístico. O questionário incluiu questões que visaram conhecer as características de viagem dos turistas chineses (propósito de viagem, método de viagem, tempo de viagem, preferências alimentares, método de reserva e pagamento, canais de recolha de informações sobre viagem, principais tópicos de informação procurados pelos turistas chinês e a preferência por destino turísticos. No questionário foram igualmente incluídas questões que visavam compreender os requisitos dos turistas chineses em relação aos serviços e infraestruturas de alojamento quando visitam um país ocidental numa viagem turística. Ao mesmo tempo, o objetivo da investigação é também fornecer sugestões sobre serviços, produtos e infraestruturas que os hotéis ocidentais devem desenvolver e providenciar para hospedarem turistas chineses. No total foram recolhidas 463 respostas através de um inquérito online por questionário. A nossa pesquisa revelou que a maioria dos inquiridos eram jovens, com formação de nível superior e que já visitaram a maioria dos países da Europa e têm uma elevada experiência em viajar. O presente documento apresenta igualmente informação relativa ao estágio curricular de 7 meses que foi realizado no hotel Ibis Hotel Munich City West. Este hotel é um hotel destinado ao segmento económico com uma grande variedade de produtos e serviços e coloca uma grande ênfase no desenvolvimento e inovação de infraestruturas e serviços. Ao mesmo tempo, devido à localização privilegiada do hotel, este apresenta preços preferenciais e desenvolve uma cooperação empresarial com muitas empresas. Neste momento, é também um dos hotéis mais populares na cidade de Munique para turistas chineses, quer viagem por motivos de lazer ou em viagens de negócios. Os objetivos definidos para este estágio foram obter uma compreensão mais aprofundada da receção e dos serviços de catering dos hotéis ocidentais, conhecer o comportamento e características dos turistas chineses hospedados no hotel, aferir formas de comunicação mais adequadas para interagir com estes turistas e compreender mais diretamente os requisitos e expectativas dos turistas chineses. Os objetivos enunciados tinham igualmente como propósito permitir fazer recomendações mais direcionadas para melhorar os produtos e serviços dos hotéis ocidentais que visem captar turistas chineses. Os resultados do estudo empírico, assim como o conhecimento obtido no decorrer do estágio curricular, permitem afirmar que os turistas chineses têm exigências e expectativas consistentes para os produtos, serviços e infraestruturas de alojamento nos países ocidentais. Sublinha-se a necessidade dos hotéis ocidentais fornecerem informação sobre os serviços em língua chinesa, e apresentarem mapas e menus traduzidos para chinês. Recomenda-se igualmente que os funcionários tenham alguns conhecimentos de língua chinesa e que sejam treinados para serem mais pacientes para com os turistas chineses e apresentarem uma melhor atitude para com estes hóspedes. Um aspeto muito importante está relacionado com o catering, fornecer água quente e algumas bebidas chinesas, adicionar mais alimentos quentes ao pequeno-almoço e aumentar a oferta de alimentos chineses são requisitos indispensáveis. Os turistas chineses consideram que o seu bem-estar físico e emocional está muito dependente de uma dieta adequada e sentem-se mais confortáveis quando lhe são disponibilizados alimentos que lhes são familiares. Em relação a equipamentos que devem ser disponibilizados, destaca-se a necessidade de fornecer chaleiras elétricas, aumentar o UnionPay e os métodos de pagamento móveis e otimizar a qualidade da rede wi-fi.

碩士
中國文化大學
觀光事業學系
102
Since food is essential for human being, human makes the food to be a part of activity in daily life. Later, food becomes a part of travelling and there are many tourism industries offer various selection programs of travelling with special delicious food for tourist. Thai food, as the forth rank of most popular cuisine for foreigners, since then Thai food is one of the well-known cuisine which are the various cooking method style, variety of food taste, variety of ingredients and so on. Thai cuisine shows their unique characteristics which are the reputation of Thailand, leading all tourists from every country come to touch Thai food as one of their desire of visiting to Thailand. Therefore, this study investigates the focus groups which are all Chinese tourists including Overseas Chinese from other countries who have been to Thailand. A quantitative research using distribution of questionnaire was conducted via online, the total amount of respondents are 360. The conceptual framework consists of three main variables which are Thai cuisine image, cuisine satisfaction, and revisit intention. The methodology used by descriptive analysis, independent-samples t-test, ANOVA, simple linear regression, and revisit intention. The empirical result shows that tourists’ satisfaction on Thai cuisine is positively influenced by tourists’ perception on Thai cuisine image, and satisfaction on Thai cuisine also leads to the positively impact on revisit intention in future. Moreover, the result also shows that tourists’ perception on Thai cuisine image do has the positive relationship to revisit Thailand even their preference on image is not too high. The study is not performed to search for only the answer of positive result and good feedback of Thai cuisine from all Chinese tourists, but it could also be the evident to show the popularity of Thai cuisine to the world which help to prove some necessity of development of the food tourism for the country in future.

碩士
國立中央大學
產業經濟研究所在職專班
104
In 2008, Taiwan government opened tourism market to Chinese tourists traveling by groups, and by individuals in 2011. These policies indeed make the number of inbound visitors increasing annually. However, with the number of Chinese tourists increasing, we began to have a lot of negative news about it, and the Chinese tourists crowded out inbound visitors from other countries to Taiwan. Although there are many studies about the impact of opening policy for Chinese tourists on the behavior of other foreign tourists to Taiwan, studies about the impact on the behavior of domestic tourists are rare. Therefore, this study will focus on whether the opening policy for Chinese tourists generates crowding out effect, and results the change in the behavior of domestic tourists. The study sample used in this thesis was selected from the “Survey of Travel by R.O.C. Citizens” from 2006 to 2013. The first part of this thesis, a negative binomial model is used to explore the differences on the travel times of domestic tourists after the opening policy of Chinese tourists to Taiwan. The second part, 4 scenes were chosen, which were visited by Chinese tourists in higher frequency, and a probit model is used to explore the differences on the probability of domestic tourists to visit these scenes after the opening policy of Chinese tourists to Taiwan. The results showed that, instead of decreasing, travel times of domestic tourists increased after the opening policy of Chinese tourists to Taiwan, because of valuing the importance of travel. However, after the opening policy of Chinese tourists to Taiwan, domestic tourists did reduce the willing to visit some scenes which are visited by Chinese tourists in higher frequency, such as Taipei 101, Alishan, and Taroko. On the other hand, the willing of domestic tourists to visit some scenes has increased, such as Sun Moon Lake, due to the increase and improvement of recreation facilities, and that offset the crowding out effect causing by the opening policy of Chinese tourists to Taiwan. Therefore, although travel times of domestic tourists does not decreased after the opening policy of Chinese tourists to Taiwan, they would avoid those scenes, which are visited by Chinese tourists in higher frequency.

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
運動與休閒管理研究所
101
Objective: The study aims at understanding the traveler characteristics and travel characteristics, and the tourism attractiveness, satisfaction and revisiting willingness of Malaysian Chinese tourists to Taiwan. Furthermore, investigating the impact of the tourism attractiveness and satisfaction, satisfaction and revisiting willingness, tourism attractiveness and revisiting willingness, tourism attractiveness and satisfaction on revisiting willingness. Subjects: The group of Malaysian Chinese tourists age above 12 as the subjects of this study. Tools: The study makes use of the questionnaire method, five parts were divided into questionnaire, travel characteristics, traveler characteristics, tourism attractiveness, satisfaction and revisiting willingness. The date of questionnaire conducting was from 14 April to 20 April 2013, through travel agencies handed the tourists to fill out the questionnaire, the returning questionnaires were 418. Methods: The questionnaire data were analyzed by item analysis, factor analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, ANOVA, t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients and other statistical methods for analysis. Results: The results finds that the sample of those visited Taiwan was female than male, the age of most travelers were from 20 to 29, the majority of "unmarried" marital status, then main occupation among the travelers was "students". Most Malaysian Chinese tourists were the first time to Taiwan, mainly to group travel. The highest score of the dimension of tourism attractiveness were 「tourism environment」 and 「trip planning」; the highest score of the dimension of satisfaction was 「tourism convenience」 and the lowest score of the dimension was「catering arragement」; the average of the total scale of revisiting willingness of Malaysian Chinese tourists to Taiwan was 4.07 point. The relationship between the tourism attractiveness and satisfaction, satisfaction and revisiting willingness, tourism attractiveness and revisiting willingness, tourism attractiveness and satisfaction on revisiting willingness were positive correlation as well as the effect were significant.

碩士
國立中山大學
中國與亞太區域研究所
99
Since the two side of SEF and ARATS started the meeting again in Beijing in JUN 13th 2008, completed two issues of both weekend Direct air links between Taiwan and China and the people visit Taiwan from mainland, in july 4,2008, the first group came to Taiwan as tourists from mainland. Those tourists, not only bring lots of good business but also been very helpful to our sightseeing industrial Because of those reasons, I decided to discuss : 1.what are the real effects to our tourist business by allowing tourists from mainland? 2. which parts of Taiwan are really gets benefits from them? So in this thesis, only discuss the international tourist hotels. we find out lots of ideas by survey from the internet and, and also understand what the government think about the policy of allowing tourists from mainland by developed of passed issues and policy. The international tourist hotels are the most been helped and gets benefits in this situation by allowing tourists from mainland, we found out the increase of room average, at the same time, hotel stuffs also got the strong feeling about tourists from china bring lots of benefits to them, although they also bring lots of problems in rooms, food and language, but we still found out more benefits than that in this issue. we hope Kaohsiung will become the biggest model of all by allowing tourists from china, and by the changing of the government policy, make the flight in both come and out in Kaohsiung become regular, we believe in the future of Kaohsiung tourist business will be better, not only the hotels been helped but also the economic of Kaohsiung will be better.

碩士
國立中興大學
行銷學系所
99
The purpose of this study is to examine Japanese female tourists on their gastronomic experience while visiting the main-land China or Taiwan. Significance of three factors - age, budget, and frequency on Behavioral Intention (consisting of Service Value, Satisfaction and Perceived Switching Barrier) has been investigated. Over 322 of Japanese female tourists, half of them are 38 years or older, who had visited Taiwan or main-land China were given questionnaires. They were asked to rate each of 22 measurement items regarding Service Value, satisfaction and Perceived Switching Barriers. The collected data have been analyzed using the ANOVA (analysis of variance) method and results indicate which of the three factors can segment the tourists. Moreover, they were categorized into four groups. The collected data showed the tourists were mostly satisfied with their gourmet tours in the mainland China or Taiwan besides they gave moderate to high ratings on most of the questions related to Service Value and Satisfaction. Low ratings were, however, given to the questions related to Perceived Switching Barriers since those gourmet tourists tend to change their destinations frequently regardless of their satisfaction. The survey also revealed that tourists with high budgets were more satisfied than tourists with low budgets. They expected “minimum” services regardless of their budgets as they did so in Japan.

碩士
國立嘉義大學
管理學院碩士在職專班
97
Shopping plays an important role in tourist economy. It has been predicted that in the year 2020, the total amount of money spent on tourist shopping will be approximately 750 billion RMB. According to China National Tourism Administration (CNTA), there were 40.95 million Chinese people who traveled abroad, and the number increased to 45.84 million in 2008. In 2008, 16.68 million Chinese tourists visited Hong Kong. Each Chinese tourist spent 6,800 NT dollars (1,615 HK dollars) per day. The amount of money Chinese tourists spent per day was the highest among all tourists who visited Hong Kong. There has been a consistent growth of tourist revenues except for the year 2003 during which SARS started). Tourist shopping is the most active and fastest growing activity among tourist activities. Revenues generated from tourists from Mainland China play a crucial role in Taiwan’s accumulation of foreign exchange reserve. Of all the money Chinese tourists spent, 43% are tourist shopping. With the help from tour guides for Chinese tourists, this study used purposive sam-pling distributing 800 questionnaires to Mainland Chinese who visited Taiwan for tourism. 500 questionnaires were returned. Deduced from incomplete and invalid returned questionnaires, there are 420 valid samples of questionnaires. This study mainly looks into the background, characteristics of their tours, and their satisfaction in some desig-nated shops. The study shows that Mainland Chinese tourists who visited Taiwan are mainly female. Most of the Chinese tourists are between the age of 50 and 59. Retired or between-jobs people occupies the largest proportion of these Chinese tourists. As far as education is concerned, middle school graduates occupied the most. Moreover, 97.1% of the Chinese tourists are married. Monthly income between 2,000 and 4,000 RMB are the biggest proportion of their monthly income range. Most of the visitors are from Beijing and Guangdong. Further analysis indicates that most of them arrived Taiwan in Taoyuan International Airport. The following information shows largest proportion in each category. They stayed in Taiwan for 8 days. It took them 15-21 from booking from travel agencies to actually arriving Taiwan. Of their traveling companions, 44% travelled with colleagues or their bosses. The top list that Chinese tourists wanted to buy most are: local food and agricultural products, jewelry, luxurious goods, watch/clocks, 3C products, and gold/silver products and duty-free products in that order. Most of their information about Taiwan came from newspapers. They bought most of their gifts for their relatives and friends in supermarkets. This study also showed that these Chinese tourists are highly satisfactory with the following categories: “quality of goods,” “variety of goods,” “size of goods,” “sale price in public,” “creditability of goods,” “uniqueness of goods,” “special meaning of goods,” “salespersons’ attitudes” in designated shops. But they are not satisfactory with the following items: “price tag of goods,” “discounts of goods,” and “choices of pay-ments.” Therefore, in order to increase tourism revenues for Taiwan, it is necessary to discuss about Chinese tourists’ level of satisfaction, characteristics of goods that would effect their desire to purchase. We should pay more attention and understand Chinese tourists’ consuming habits to create an environment which meets Chinese tourists’ need. I hope that this study will offer valuable information for tour shops and their own-ers/managers.

碩士
淡江大學
中國大陸研究所碩士在職專班
103
Ever since President Ma won the presidency, the government has been improving cross-strait relations aggressively by relaxing restrictions step by step. One of the policies is allowing mainland tourists to visit Taiwan. 18th Jul, 2008, the government allowed mainland tourists to visit Taiwan as group tour. 22 Jun, 2011, the government allowed mainland tourists to visit Taiwan as backpack travelers. Owing to the policies mentioned above, a huge amount of Chinese tourists entering Taiwan. Therefore, it is worth discussing what kind of security measure the government should take to establish a intact safety control mechanism. This research specifically discusses the regulations, the procedures, the current situations and the problems of Chinese tourists entering Taiwan. Furthermore, the research describes how the policy and the administration are formed. In the mean time, the passage analyzes the differences of managing people entry/exit the country between different countries such as the U.S.A, Japan and Taiwan. Moreover, the writer discusses deeply about the topics mentioned above in three stages in particular, that is, before, during and after the tourists enter the country by using the writer''s own personal experiences and cases from Europe and the U.S.A. In this research, the writer uses governmental information across-strait, scholar publication, journal, thesis, dissertations, news, magazines and information from the internet as references to discuss and to analyze whether the current measures are appropriate and proposes solutions.

碩士
德明財經科技大學
行銷管理系
100
The tourism industry known as the major industry in the 21st century plays a very important role on the economic development in many countries, which has become one of the industries that many countries are striving to develop. Since 2008, Chinese tourists were officially allowed to visit Taiwan; the number of Chinese tourists in 2010 has become the most among foreign tourists. Their main activity in Taiwan is shopping. Therefore, the study of purchase behavior of Chinese tourists has become a very important topic. Since the impulse buying occupies a big ratio in the consumer purchase decision, recently researchers had a lot discussion on the factors of its influence. However, there is no complete impact model in terms of impulse buying of Chinese tourists. The purpose of this study is to explore the factors of impacting Chinese tourists on impulse buying behavior and furthermore to build a model of impulse buying behavior. This study can be as references for tourism-related businesses, government agencies, and the follow-up researchers in order to develop more efficient marketing and management strategies to stimulate Chinese tourists’ impulse buying behavior and thus raise their purchase consumption. This study adopts a questionnaire survey of convenience sampling; using reliability analysis, validity analysis, descriptive statistical analysis and structural equation model to conduct data analysis and model building. The results of this study show that all of the marketing stimulus, impulsivity traits, and situational factors when purchasing, and herding behavior affect the impulse purchase behavior of Chinese tourists; and the perceived risk has interference effects on the model.