Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Chinese migrants”
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Liu, Ying-Ying Tiffany. "Unequal Interdependency: Chinese Petty Entrepreneurs and Zimbabwean Migrant Labourers". Studies in Social Justice 2020, nr 14 (27.03.2020): 146–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v2020i14.1872.
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Exploring the cultural politics of diasporic entrepreneurs and migrant labourers through an examination of Chinese restaurants in Johannesburg, this article presents what I call the “intra-migrant economy” amid everyday racialized insecurities in urban South Africa. I use the term “intra-migrant economy” to refer to the employment of one group of migrants (Zimbabwean migrant workers) by another group of migrants (Chinese petty capitalists) as an economic strategy outside the mainstream labour market. These two groups of migrants work in the same industry, live in the same city, and have established a sort of unequal employment relation that can be hierarchical and interdependentat once. Chinese migrants are socially marginalized but not economically underprivileged, which stands in contrast to Zimbabwean migrants, who remain economically underprivileged even though they speak local languages. Their different socioeconomic positions in South Africa are profoundly influenced by their nationality and racialization. Thisanalysis of their interdependency focuses on the economic and political structures that shaped the underlying conditions that brought Chinese and Zimbabwean migrants to work together in South Africa.
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Zhong, Hua, Jianhua Xu i Alex R. Piquero. "Internal Migration, Social Exclusion, and Victimization". Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 54, nr 4 (1.06.2017): 479–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427816676861.
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Objectives: This article applies a multidimensional social exclusion framework to examine Chinese rural-to-urban migrant victimization. Method: Data from the 2012 China Labor Dynamics Survey is used to examine whether Chinese migrants are more likely to be victimized compared to urban residents and to what extent the prior findings on the meditating roles of social exclusion between immigration and victimization can be applied to understand Chinese migrants’ victimization. Results: Findings reveal the elevated victimization risks among nationwide rural-to-urban migrants. Logistic regression models find that social exclusion mediates the link between migrant status and victimization and that social exclusion predicts victimization. Conclusions: The discriminative institutional arrangements in China are a major force of the universal disadvantages of Chinese migrants. That is, it is not the migrant status itself, but the social exclusion suffered by individuals that increase the likelihood of being criminally victimized.
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Kim, Yang-Sook, i Yi-Chun Chien. "“We Are Not Foreigners”: Constructing Migrant Subjects through Korean Chinese Migrants’ Claims-Making in South Korea". International Journal of Korean History 26, nr 2 (31.08.2021): 11–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2021.26.2.11.
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In this paper, we approach citizenship as a claims-making process consisting of social construction practices that emerge from ongoing negotiations and contestations. We examine the migrant subject-making process of Korean Chinese migrants in South Korea. We draw on the voices of migrants to discuss how Korean Chinese construct their migrant subjectivity by mobilizing a collective understanding of ethnonational belonging and thereby deploy distinctive strategies to support their claims. Our analysis of the data gathered from ethnographic observations and interviews with Korean Chinese migrant workers, activists, South Korean bureaucrats, and policymakers show that Korean Chinese migrants have called upon blood ties and ethnic affinity, continued allegiance, economic contributions, and human rights to construct themselves as legitimate candidates for citizenship in South Korea. By shifting our analytical focus from the state to the migrant subjectivity that emerges through day-to-day negotiations, we aim to unpack the complicated dynamics of social constructions of citizenship.
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Dobler, Gregor. "Chinese Shops and the Formation of a Chinese Expatriate Community in Namibia". China Quarterly 199 (wrzesień 2009): 707–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741009990178.
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AbstractThe first Chinese migrants came to the Namibian border boom town Oshikango in 1999. Today, there are over 100 shops which sell Chinese goods to Angolan traders in that town of only around 10,000 inhabitants. This article describes their way of doing business and the economic interactions between migrants and the host society. By reacting to the host society's reaction to them, Chinese shopkeepers in Namibia are gradually developing into a migrant society with a distinct social structure. In an increasingly hostile political climate, Chinese entrepreneurs are faced with stronger regulation. This has not had the intended effect of pushing shopkeepers into manufacturing. Instead, it has sharpened social stratification among migrants, with traders better connected to Namibian authorities using their connections as an additional resource. In an optimistic view, the alliance between successful Chinese and Namibian actors could be the germ for a spill-over of Chinese entrepreneurial success; in a pessimistic view, it will create additional rents for some Namibians and give migrants the leverage to evade regulations.
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Fernandes, Ajito, Titi Susilowati Prabawa i Wilson M. A. Therik. "The Livelihood of Chinese Migrants in Timor-Leste". Social Sciences 11, nr 4 (1.04.2022): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11040157.
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This article aims to describe, in depth, the experiences of migrant workers from China in maintaining their livelihoods in Timor-Leste through entrepreneurial activities before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, this study discusses sustainable livelihoods with the knowledge of migration, adaptation, and entrepreneurship in Timor-Leste. To fulfill these aims, a qualitative methodology with a phenomenological approach was adopted by interviewing eight Chinese migrants who run businesses in Timor-Leste. Furthermore, the framework for the concept of sustainable livelihoods of the Department for International Development (DFID) was adapted to explain, in depth, the phenomena. The finding reveals that economic reasons encourage and attract Chinese migrant workers and entrepreneurs to Timor-Leste. The adaptation process of migrants in Timor-Leste relies on social capital to synergize with local communities in terms of culture, further affecting the comfort and security of entrepreneurship. From the perspective of sustainable livelihoods, migrant workers take advantage of human capital in the process of accumulation of financial capital to enhance their business activities. Meanwhile, migrant entrepreneurship expands their financial capital and human capital into social capital, physical capital, and natural capital. The findings also explain that the mobility and access to financial capital of Chinese migrants are supported through institutional structures, entrepreneurship activities, and policies. Furthermore, to ensure livelihood sustainability and business, Chinese migrants in Timor-Leste can carry out business intensification, extensification, diversification, and transformation strategies.
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Coates, Jamie. "“Unseeing” Chinese Students in Japan: Understanding Educationally Channelled Migrant Experiences". Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 44, nr 3 (wrzesień 2015): 125–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261504400306.
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Chinese migrants are currently the largest group of non-Japanese nationals living in Japan. This growth is largely the result of educational migration, positioning many Chinese in Japan as student-migrants. Based on 20 months’ ethnographic fieldwork in Ikebukuro, Tokyo's unofficial Chinatown, this paper explores the ways in which the phenomenology of the city informs the desire for integration amongst young Chinese living in Japan. Discussions of migrant integration and representation often argue for greater recognition of marginalised groups. However, recognition can also intensify vulnerability for the marginalised. Chinese student-migrants’ relationship to Ikebukuro's streets shows how young mobile Chinese in Tokyo come to learn to want to be “unseen.” Largely a response to the visual dynamics of the city, constituted by economic inequality, spectacle, and surveillance, the experiences of young Chinese students complicate the ways we understand migrants’ desires for recognition and integration.
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Zhan (占少华), Shaohua. "Homeland, Host Country, and Beyond: Identity Transformation among Chinese Migrants in Singapore". Journal of Chinese Overseas 18, nr 2 (4.10.2022): 265–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341467.
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Abstract This paper examines identity transformation among Chinese migrants in Singapore in the context of transnationalism and widespread use of ICT s (Information and Communication Technologies). Based on how strongly migrants identify with the homeland and the host country, the paper constructs four ideal types of identity: transnational, assimilatory, sojourning, and cosmopolitan. The study finds that the most common identity is the transnational sort, characterized by the migrant identifying strongly with both homeland and host country. Nevertheless, migrants also hold other identities including those beyond the four ideal types, demonstrating the diversity and fluidity of migrants’ identity transformation. The paper also examines the factors that affect migrants’ identity transformation.
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Frank Qu, Zhaopeng, i Zhong Zhao. "Evolution of the Chinese rural-urban migrant labor market from 2002 to 2007". China Agricultural Economic Review 6, nr 2 (29.04.2014): 316–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-10-2012-0113.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the dynamic change of the migrant labor market in China from 2002 to 2007 using two comparable data sets. Design/methodology/approach – To understand the factors behind the wage change, the authors use the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition (Oaxaca, 1973; Blinder, 1973) method to study the hourly wage change over this five-year period. Findings – The focus is on the rural-urban migration decision, the wage structure of migrants, the labor market segmentation between migrants and urban natives, and the changes of these aspects from 2002 to 2007. The paper finds that prior migration experience is a key factor for the migration decision of rural household members, and its importance keeps increasing from 2002 to 2007. The results show that there is a significant increase in wages among both migrants and urban natives over this five-year period, but migrants have enjoyed faster wage growth, and most of the increase of wages among migrants can be attributed to the increase of returns to their characteristics. The authors also find evidence suggesting convergence of urban labor markets for migrants and for urban natives during this five-year period. Research limitations/implications – In order to make the 2002 and 2007 data sets comparable, the authors had to restrict the observations with fixed residence only, and can only include seven cities. These limit the representativeness of the sample. When interpret the findings in this paper, it is important to keep this in mind. Originality/value – Due to the scarcity of data, there are few studies on the dynamics of the migrating population and the migrant labor market. Since the urban natives and migrants are still segmented in the labor market, the migrant labor market may have its own characteristics, and also, because of the increasing importance of the migrants in Chinese society, knowledge of the evolution of the migrant labor market is crucial for grasping the whole story behind the Chinese economic miracle.
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Wong, John D. "Improvising protocols: Two enterprising Chinese migrant families and the resourceful Nguyễn court". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 50, nr 2 (maj 2019): 246–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463419000249.
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Chinese migrants fleeing from the incoming Qing regime assumed a range of political and economic positions as the Nguyễn court sought to extend its control to the south. A nuanced exploration of the historical experience of two powerful Chinese migrant families to Vietnam through their clan genealogies reveals two rather different paradigms — the Minh Hương paradigm and the Frontier paradigm. These paradigms reflect not only the Chinese migrants' varied, resourceful manoeuvres in their quest for a firm foothold in the evolving and expanding south, but equally, they demonstrate the Nguyễn court's flexibility in accommodating and capitalising on the strengths of different migrant groups it sought to incorporate into its realm.
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Ni, Zhijuan. "A Critical Ethnography of Myanmar Migrants’ Grassroots Multilingualism at a Chinese Massage Parlour". Asian Social Science 17, nr 9 (31.08.2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v17n9p11.
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While China is broadening its gateway into South Asia and Southeast Asia, millions of foreign migrant workers cross the border and seek their transnational fortune in China’s border provinces. However, within the existing literature in migrant workers in China, language is rarely a research target in itself. As one of the important social actors language plays a key role shaping migrant workers’ life trajectories. Adopting Spolsky’s language policy theory and following the critical ethnography with migrant workers (Han, 2013; Mathews, 2011), this study explores the interplay of national polices of massage parlour management at a macro level, employers’ stipulations of managing Myanmar migrants at a meso level and Myanmar migrants’ language practices at micro level. Grounded upon critical sociolinguistic ethnography, data is collected from a China’s massage parlour at border town through the participant observation in and out of massage parlour, field notes, semi-structured interviews and documents. The study probes into how Chinese geopolitics of the wider process of regional development facilitates or constrains Myanmar migrants, how they mobilize social resources to expand their multilingual repertoires and how Chinese employer manages Myanmar migrants in language and life aspects. Findings reveal that there is no specific language policy at the recruitment stage. However, when Myanmar migrant workers start to work, language emerges as implicit but powerful medium streaming the likelihood of upward mobility. Other social factors, such as gender, nationality, religion and class also influence their mobility and integration into China’s local society. The study expands the understanding of language management and grassroots multilingualism in the context of globalization from below. Also the study provides implications on language policy making, migrants integration and education for migrants of multilingual backgrounds.
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Hoi, Chan Kit, Wen Chen, Fangjing Zhou, Kalon Sou i Brian J. Hall. "The Association Between Social Resources and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Migrants and Non-Migrants Living in Guangzhou, China". Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 9, nr 2 (6.11.2015): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/prp.2015.12.
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Background: Depression is a commonly studied mental disorder affecting Chinese internal (i.e., rural-to-urban) migrants. Social resources effectively reduce depression for many communities experiencing adversities. This study evaluated social-level risk factors for depression between internal migrant and non-migrant Chinese living in mainland China. Method: We conducted a random population-level survey among migrants and local residents living in Guangzhou, China. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews. We used items from the Social Support Rating Scale to measure social resource dimensions, including social network size, emotional support, structural social capital, and one (self-developed) item that measured belonging (an element of social cohesion). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 measured depression. Correlation and regression analyses of the partial sample (n = 678) were conducted to estimate the association between social resources and depression for migrants (n = 383) and non-migrants (n = 295). Results: Stratified regression analysis demonstrated that for migrants, greater belonging was associated with less depression, while age and larger friendship social network size was related to less depression among non-migrants. Conclusion: Differences emerged in our sample with regard to the types of social resources that are protective against depression between migrants and non-migrants. Interventions that provide opportunities for migrants to better integrate and feel welcomed into their new communities may reduce their depression symptoms.
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Zhang, Zhuoni, Tianzhu Nie i Duoduo Xu. "Family background, parenting practices, and child outcomes: Chinese migrants’ offspring in Hong Kong". Chinese Journal of Sociology 5, nr 3 (21.02.2019): 263–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726718823149.
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Using data from the 2011 population census and the Hong Kong Panel Study of Social Dynamics, this paper examines the academic performance and non-cognitive skills of the children of Chinese migrants in Hong Kong aged 14 and below. Our analyses show that the poorer academic performance of Chinese migrants’ children results mainly from disadvantageous family background and parenting practices. Children of cross-border and migrant families do not differ from children of natives in Chinese, mathematics, or English, once parental education and parent–child communication about school life are controlled for. Children from migrant families have significantly higher levels of non-cognitive ability than children of natives. Our analyses also show that parental education is positively associated with Chinese and English performances; parents talking with children about school life significantly improves children’s performance in Chinese, mathematics, and English; and parental migrant status and parenting practices have positive effects on non-cognitive skills.
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Kwok, Harley H. Y., Joesph Low, Delan Devakumar i Bridget Candy. "Experience and perspectives on palliative or end-of-life care of Chinese people and their families as immigrants to high-income countries: a systematic review and thematic synthesis". BMJ Global Health 5, nr 12 (grudzień 2020): e003232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003232.
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BackgroundA sizeable cohort of Chinese migrants in high-income non-Asian countries is reaching old age and many will develop life-limiting illnesses. They may benefit from palliative care, which is integrated into universal health coverage in many of these countries, but the uptake of this care among migrant communities remains low. Cultural differences between the Chinese and the host community, and poor language skills may be barriers to access, yet understanding the reasons hindering uptake are obscure.AimsTo understand the cultural perspective of how first generation Chinese migrants and their families perceive the provision of palliative care, to identify what exists which may limit their access in high-income non-Asian countries.DesignA systematic review and three-stage thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. Citations and full texts were reviewed against predefined inclusion criteria. All included studies were appraised for quality.Data sourceMEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and PubMed were searched to July 2019.ResultsSeven qualitative studies were identified (from USA, UK, Canada and Australia). Across the studies analytical themes that impacted on the use of palliative care services were identified: (1) migrants’ intrinsic perceptions of cultural practices, (2) their expectations of and preparation for care at the end of life, (3) perspectives and influences of family and (4) knowledge and communication with palliative care providers in the host country. Key elements found that challenge access to palliative care services in the host countries were: Chinese culture is rooted in the core values of the family as opposed to the individual; migrants’ limited experience in their place of origin in accessing healthcare; and practical issues including a lack of language skills of their host country.ConclusionsPalliative care services do not always match the needs of Chinese migrants in non-Asian high-income countries. Engagement and education on multiethnic cultural awareness in both the host non-migrant and the migrant communities is needed.
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Sinn, Elizabeth. "Xin Xi Guxiang: A Study of Regional Associations as a Bonding Mechanism in the Chinese Diaspora. The Hong Kong Experience". Modern Asian Studies 31, nr 2 (maj 1997): 375–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00014347.
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The Chinese migrant's strong sense of attachment to theguxiang(native place) is well recognized, and literature on overseas Chinese generally proceeds on this assumption. There is, however, little discussion on the mechanisms which have bonded the migrant to the native place, either by helping him express his longing and concern for it, or by reminding him of his obligations as a native son. Family ties, ownership of land and business connections as well as pure sentimental attachment, so poignant in centuries of Chinese poetry, naturally make migrants feel concerned for its well-being and eager for its news. Overseas Chinese in most cases continue to communicate with the native place on an individual basis, for there are levels of activities where the scale and complexity are such that only organizational efforts would suffice. At the same time, an easily identifiable institution enables those at home to contact and rally more effectively its migrant fellow-regionals, when the need for spiritual or material help arises.
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Huang, Liyan, Rosli Said, Hong Ching Goh i Yu Cao. "The Residential Environment and Health and Well-Being of Chinese Migrant Populations: A Systematic Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, nr 4 (8.02.2023): 2968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042968.
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China’s internal migrants suffer from marginalised housing conditions, poor neighbourhood environments and residential segregation, which may have significant implications on health and well-being. Echoing recent calls for interdisciplinary research on migrant health and well-being, this study examines the associations and mechanisms of the impact of the residential environment on the health and well-being of Chinese migrants. We found that most of the relevant studies supported the “healthy migration effect”, but the phenomenon was only applicable to migrants’ self-reported physical health rather than mental health. The subjective well-being of migrants is lower than that of urban migrants. There is a debate between the effectiveness of residential environmental improvements and the ineffectiveness of residential environmental improvements in terms of the impact of the neighbourhood environment on migrants’ health and well-being. Housing conditions and the neighbourhood’s physical and social environment can enhance migrants’ health and well-being by strengthening place attachment and social cohesion, building localised social capital and gaining neighbourhood social support. Residential segregation on the neighbourhood scale affects the health outcomes of migrant populations through the mechanism of relative deprivation. Our studies build a vivid and comprehensive picture of research to understand migration, urban life and health and well-being.
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Bork-Hüffer, Tabea. "Healthcare-Seeking Practices of African and Rural-to-Urban Migrants in Guangzhou". Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 44, nr 4 (grudzień 2015): 49–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261504400404.
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Taking the examples of Chinese rural-to-urban migrant and African migrant businesspeople in Guangzhou, this article inquires into the commonalities and differences in the health status and healthcare-seeking practices of both groups. While both populations of migrants are diverse and heterogeneous, there are many commonalities with regard to the challenges they face compared to the Chinese local population. Mixed-methods research frameworks and qualitative and quantitative methods were applied. While existing publications emphasise lacking financial access to healthcare, further individual and social factors account for migrants’ healthcare choices. Their access to healthcare can be improved only by introducing insurance schemes with portable benefits, providing localised and culturally adequate health services adapted to migrants’ specific needs and health risks, and enhancing patient orientation and responsiveness by health professionals.
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Chen, Yali. "Becoming Subject: Chinese Female Migrants in Switzerland within a Transnational Family–Individual Dichotomy". Translocal Chinese: East Asian Perspectives 13, nr 1 (7.06.2019): 5–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24522015-01301002.
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This article argues that Chinese female migrants in Switzerland exert their agency to become the subject responsible for the care practices for their families in both Switzerland and China during their post-migratory lives. Based on fieldwork comprising 52 semi-structured interviews conducted with Chinese female migrants in Switzerland during 2016 and 2017, this article analyses the strategies Chinese female migrants develop to ensure their social role as woman, migrant, wife, mother, and daughter. Their self-development is also realized through the adjustment of their opinions about their roles and lives within household activities in Switzerland, and their strategies for making sense of the transnational parental care practice by overcoming difficulties induced by different social power relations during their post-migratory life from a gendered perspective.
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Xiao, Allen Hai, i Shaonan Liu. "“The Chinese” in Nigeria: Discursive Ethnicities and (Dis)embedded Experiences". Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 50, nr 3 (27.01.2021): 368–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241620986838.
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In the emerging Africa–China studies, ethnography has been employed to demystify the monolithic Chinese presence in Africa. Drawing on recent concerns about “discourse” in ethnographies of Chinese migrants in Africa, this article recommends the exploration of “discursive ethnicities”: a term coined to frame a conceptualization of ethnicity that, while embedded in migrant experiences, is embodied through discursive practices. Based on inductive analysis of ethnographic fieldwork with Chinese migrants, we propose a framework of discursive ethnicities in the discursive field of “the Chinese” in Nigeria, in which specific subethnicities (Hongkongese, Taiwanese, Fujianese, etc.) emerge, change, or are dismissed, alongside other-ethnicities that are embodied in narrating Nigerians in specific ways as mirrors of Chinese individuals’ self-ethnicities. We also discuss how both embedded and disembedded experiences contribute to embodied discursive Chinese ethnicities. The article concludes that “discursive ethnicities” provides a nonessentialist means of understanding the cognition of ethnicity and discourse in migrant experiences.
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Aksakal, Mustafa. "Uneven professional paths: A study on highly qualified Chinese and Indian migrants in Germany". Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 29, nr 3 (wrzesień 2020): 381–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0117196820964984.
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This paper addresses some key factors influencing the career development of highly qualified migrants during their stay abroad. It is based on 44 qualitative interviews with international students and highly qualified migrant workers from China and India, most of whom were temporarily residing in Germany. The findings show that different types of social capital might co-exist and perform multiple functions. Some migrants engage in entrepreneurial activities, availing themselves of links between their country of origin and Europe, which could help them to advance their professional goals. The study found that the political assessment of migrants also plays an important role. The paper concludes that the category of highly qualified migrants is heterogenous which comprises migrants who have different aspirations as well as divergent career trajectories.
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Zheng, Rumin, Lin Mei, Yanhua Guo, Shuo Zhen i Zhanhui Fu. "How do city-specific factors affect migrant integration in China? A study based on a hierarchical linear model of migrants and cities". PLOS ONE 16, nr 1 (12.01.2021): e0244665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244665.
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Background Previous studies indicate that migrant integration is associated with migrants’ characteristics as well as restrictions and opportunities in receiving cities. However, the effect of receiving cities and the relationship between migrants and receiving cities have not been fully explored due to the lack of large samples from cities. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of receiving cities alone and their regulating role in the interaction with individual characteristics. Methods Cross-city data on 154,044 Chinese domestic migrants above 15 years old in 289 cities from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey are used. Migrant integration is assessed by a four-dimensional model proposed by Esser, which is slightly adjusted according to the characteristics of Chinese migrants. A hierarchical linear model is used to measure the proportion of effects of city factors in migrant integration as well as the effects when city factors are considered alone and in interaction with individual factors. Results The individual-level and city-level factors are responsible for 69.81% and 30.19% of the effect on migrant integration, respectively. City political factors do not affect migrant integration directly, and cities with larger sizes and higher wages can directly and significantly improve integration, while higher housing prices will directly inhibit integration. From the cross-level interaction of city and individual, different social, economic and political factors at the city level have an indirect impact on migrant integration by inhibiting or strengthening the effect of individual-level factors on migrant integration. Conclusion This study is one of the first to show the effect of cities and the relationship between receiving cities and migrants on migrant integration by keeping the national context constant. It is necessary to weaken the social and economic privileges associated with a city’s administrative level and reduce the negative impact of cities’ social and economic conditions by implementing city agglomeration, developing advantageous industries and optimizing the industrial structure. It is also essential to improve migrants’ socioeconomic capital through social support, occupation training and contiguous education.
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McKeown, Adam. "Ethnographies of Chinese Transnationalism". Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 10, nr 3 (grudzień 2001): 341–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.10.3.341.
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In his 1952 essay, “The Sojourner,” Paul C.P. Siu wrote about people who lived lives that spanned geographical spaces, “developing a mode of living which is characteristic neither of [their] home nor of the dominant group” (42). Ideas and material for this essay resulted from years of research and reflection on his own experiences and those of relatives and friends living as Chinese migrants in the United States. Unfortunately, he was unable to develop this basic insight about the scope of migrant lives in any systematic manner. The essay was formulated as a contribution to assimilation theory and social typing. He focused almost entirely on psychological orientations, with little attention to the institutions and social activities that shaped such orientations. Ultimately, his sojourners were “deviant” types, unable to fit in anywhere, a contrast to supposedly normal migrants, who completely relocated from one place to another and engaged in the slow process of acculturation and adjustment.
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Sheppard, Jill, Marija Taflaga i Liang Jiang. "Explaining high rates of political participation among Chinese migrants to Australia". International Political Science Review 41, nr 3 (22.05.2019): 385–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512119834623.
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Studies of political participation regularly observe the underrepresentation of immigrant citizens and ethnic minorities. In contrast, evidence from Australia suggests that immigrant Australians are overrepresented in certain forms of participation, including donating money and working for a party or candidate. Drawing on major theories of ethnic political participation (including socialisation, recruitment and clientelism), this study uses 2013 Australian Election Study data to show that China-born migrants to Australia participate at higher rates than native-born and other migrant citizens. The study finds support for two explanatory theories: (a) that contributions of money by recently-arrived migrants are an aspect of clientelist relationships between migrants and legislators; and (b) that political interest in and knowledge of the host country’s political system are not necessary, and indeed perhaps even depress participation among newly-arrived migrants. These findings suggest an under-explored vein of transactional politics within established democratic systems.
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Zhan, Shaohua, Lingli Huang i Min Zhou. "Differentiation from above and below: Evolving immigration policy and the integration dilemma in Singapore". Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 31, nr 1 (marzec 2022): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01171968221083703.
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Singapore is known for differentiating highly skilled and low-skilled migrants by regulating their social rights, employment, and pathways to permanent residency and citizenship. Since 2009, the city-state has made further differentiation between highly skilled migrants and natives, that is, native-born citizens. Existing studies on migrant differentiation mostly adopt a state-centric perspective. We argue that differentiation is also driven by forces from below. We introduce the concept of differential fairness to capture natives’ justification for differentiation between themselves and migrants, particularly the highly skilled. Drawing on survey data and in-depth interviews with natives and Chinese and Indian migrants, we show that natives demand for preferential policies to protect their interests. We further reveal that the measures of differentiation have created an integration dilemma, in which natives and migrants hold divergent views on fairness and expectations of migrant integration.
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Zhao, Menghan, i Yongai Jin. "Migrant Workers in Beijing: How Hometown Ties Affect Economic Outcomes". Work, Employment and Society 34, nr 5 (7.11.2019): 789–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017019870754.
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Migrant networks have long been regarded as helpful for facilitating migration and assimilation. However, research examining the influence of migrant networks on labour market outcomes for migrants has provided mixed results. This article investigates the impact of hometown ties on migrants’ labour market outcomes in the context of Chinese internal migration, by utilizing data from migrants in Beijing to perform statistical analyses of income and informal employment (i.e. employment without legal documents). After adjusting for the potential bias that results from the workers’ self-selectivity into the use of hometown ties in finding jobs, the analyses show that the hourly income of migrants is lower if they depend on hometown ties to find jobs. Also, migrants who rely on hometown ties for jobs are more likely to be informally employed, which has a detrimental effect on their overall welfare.
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Wang, Zheng, Fangzhu Zhang i Fulong Wu. "Neighbourhood cohesion under the influx of migrants in Shanghai". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, nr 2 (22.10.2016): 407–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x16673839.
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This study explores the current neighbourhood cohesion in Chinese cities and how it might be affected by the influx of migrants. Our multilevel analysis is based on a 1420 sized household survey conducted in Shanghai in 2013. The results reveal that the influx of migrants does not generate all negative results contrasting existing literature where migrants tend to reduce cohesion in the neighbourhoods. Neighbourhoods with a higher share of migrant residents between 20 and 50% have the strongest cohesion potentially because local residents have adjusted to their migrant neighbours. Neighbourhood cohesion is also stronger in migrant-dominated enclaves with more than 50% migrants as migrant residents may have formed their own in-group community. Comparatively, local-dominated neighbourhoods are still adjusting to the gradual influx of migrants and therefore residents tend to have lower levels of social solidarity, sense of belonging and informal social control. Nevertheless, the strongest deterrent of cohesion is the prospect of displacement and lack of resources since low-income areas and traditional courtyard neighbourhoods, which face demolition and redevelopment, have the weakest cohesion.
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Hiah, Jing. "The client side of everyday corruption in Central and Eastern Europe: The case of Chinese migrant entrepreneurs in Romania". European Journal of Criminology 17, nr 6 (26.02.2019): 877–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370819830296.
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This article provides an in-depth understanding of the corruption experiences of migrant entrepreneurs in transition economies. Drawing from ethnographic research, including 50 qualitative interviews with Chinese migrant entrepreneurs active in wholesale markets, non-governmental organizations, and supervisory agencies in Romania, this article demonstrates that normalization of corruption by migrant entrepreneurs should be understood in the historical context of the wholesale market as a product of post-1989 transition in Central and Eastern Europe. At a social-interactional level, normalization of corruption is revealed through how migrants use decriminalizing language to refer to corruption and perceive corruption as a survival strategy by public officials. Moreover, the legal and outsider status of migrants and their knowledge of the language, rules and laws further determine migrants’ position as clients of ‘on the spot’ corruption.
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Yang, Min, Martin Dijst i Marco Helbich. "Mental Health among Migrants in Shenzhen, China: Does it Matter Whether the Migrant Population is Identified by Hukou or Birthplace?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, nr 12 (27.11.2018): 2671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122671.
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Massive rural–urban migration in China has drawn attention to the prevalence of mental health problems among migrants. Research on the mental health of Chinese migrants has a narrow focus on rural–urban migrants, emphasizing the institutional role of hukou in migrant mental health. We argue that the heterogeneity of migrants, including their place of origin and whether they are temporary or permanent migrants, should be taken into account when trying to understand the meaning of migration as an actual movement from one place to another. The data used for this study is from a cross-sectional survey (N = 855) conducted in Shenzhen to compare the differences in migrants’ mental health that arise when using the two definitions (e.g., hukou and birthplace). Binary logistic regression models were estimated to assess the associations between people’s mental health and migration, while controlling for settlement experiences, self-reported physical health, and sociodemographics. The results reveal inconsistent findings across both definitions: general migrants by birthplace were found to be unlikely to have mental problems compared to non-migrants, whereas temporary migrants were at higher risk of mental problems. The study provides important evidence that different migrant groups have different mental health outcomes. The choice of the definition used influences both migrant group selection and the actual linkage between migration and mental health.
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Wang, Wenqing. "Social Network Correlates of Mental Health among Rural-to-Urban Migrants in China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 20 (17.10.2021): 10902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010902.
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Internal rural-to-urban migrants in China are facing a high risk of mental disorders. Previous research on mental health correlates and predictors among this population focused on individual-level characteristics, neglecting network-level indicators, and migrant–urbanite intergroup relationship. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Beijing, China from December 2018 to January 2019. A convenience sample of 420 rural-to-urban migrants completed the Chinese 12-item General Health Questionnaire and reported their relationship with urbanites in the past six months. Multivariate linear regression models were used to test the association of the inter-hukou network with migrant mental health. Two indicators of the inter-hukou network were significantly associated with migrant mental health. Migrants were more mentally healthy if their proportion of weak ties in the inter-hukou network was no less than 50%. The more social support migrants received from the inter-hukou network, the better their mental health was. Meanwhile, there was a significant interaction effect between social support and sex, indicating that the same level of social support better protected the mental health of female migrants. Results suggest the importance of social network factors and migrant–urbanite ties for migrant mental health. Future efforts may need to mobilize and facilitate the inter-hukou network to improve migrant mental health.
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Hanisch, Sarah. "At the Margins of the Economy? Chinese Migrants in Lesotho's Wholesale and Retail Sector". Africa Spectrum 48, nr 3 (grudzień 2013): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971304800304.
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This article examines the relationship between the economic activities of Chinese migrants in the wholesale and retail sector in Lesotho, and the larger structural framework. More specifically, it investigates this relationship with reference to the general debate on Chinese migrants in Africa. These themes locate Chinese migrants at the margins of the economy, assume some Chinese exceptionalism, and imply a kind of neocolonialism. The article demonstrates that Chinese migrants are, in fact, not operating at the margins of the economy, but have become a vital element of Lesotho's wholesale and retail sector. The analysis of the structural framework indicates that the economic activities of Chinese migrants are a reflection of existing structural constraints and opportunities rather than Chinese exceptionalism or neocolonialism. This in turn implies that future research would benefit from placing the interplay of Chinese migrants and the larger structural framework in respective African countries at the centre of analysis.
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Ceccagno, Antonella. "New Chinese Migrants in Italy". International Migration 41, nr 3 (sierpień 2003): 187–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2435.00246.
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Maslova, E. A., i R. Loreto Cecioni. "Chinese Migrants in Italy: A Socio-economic Portrait". Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 13, nr 1 (30.05.2020): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2020-13-1-3.
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Italy is one of the European countries hosting the largest number of Chinese immigrants. In the early 1980’s, the first Chinese new migrants came to Italy, where they would find an employment in the Italian textile industry. Since then, Chinese overseas have played an important role in the field of fashion, a sector of the Italian economy with a high demand in production and manual work. Petty trading and small-scale enterprises are also representations of the Chinese population’s activity in Italy. This article provides statistics concerning the Chinese migrants as an economically active person and the activities of the Chinese community in Italy as a whole.The authors analyze the phenomenon of Chinese labour migration to Italy from the point of view of the “push and pull factors” migration theory. This article illustrates the main factors leading Chinese citizens to leave their home country and shift to Italy, where China turns out to be the point of origin for one of the largest communities of extra-EU immigrants. It is shown that for the Chinese, Italy is a destination country, which is largely due to the already existing migrant network. As a case-study in the frame of this analysis, the authors take Prato (a municipal township located in Tuscany), renowned for hosting the largest Chinatown in Europe (so called “Chinese exclave”).
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Liu, Lin, Youqin Huang i Wenhong Zhang. "Residential segregation and perceptions of social integration in Shanghai, China". Urban Studies 55, nr 7 (7.02.2017): 1484–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016689012.
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With ongoing urban revolution, Chinese cities are experiencing an influx of migrants, whose integration into urban society becomes an unprecedented challenge. Using a recent survey in Shanghai and adopting a multilevel multinomial logistic model, this paper studies perceptions of social integration, comparing local residents with migrants. While migrants and local residents have very different perceptions of social integration, both individual-level factors and community-level factors such as residential segregation shape perceptions of social integration, and they shape migrants and local residents differently. In particular, residential segregation, especially migrant population size, tends to reinforce perceptions of social exclusion, which imposes challenges on social integration.
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Chan, Brenda. "Virtual Communities and Chinese National Identity". Journal of Chinese Overseas 2, nr 1 (2006): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/179325406788639093.
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AbstractWith the implementation of economic reforms in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the relaxation of restrictions on foreign travel, a new wave of overseas migration from mainland China has taken place. Compared to the earlier waves of Chinese emigrants who were semi-literate peasants and craftsmen, many new Chinese migrants are highly educated professionals and are extremely mobile. While the earlier Chinese migrants were mostly from southern provinces in China and organized their voluntary associations based on native-place or blood ties, new Chinese migrants hail from different regions in China, and would build social organizations of different configurations. Besides setting up voluntary organizations offline, these new Chinese migrants are also forming cybercommunities on the Internet. This article investigates whether virtual communities formed by new Chinese migrants also offer identity options to migrants in terms of ethnicity and national belonging, as offline immigrant associations do. It does so by examining the varieties of Chinese national identities articulated in cyberspace and in the offline activities of two virtual communities formed by new Chinese migrants who are working and studying in Singapore. I argue that virtual communities formed by migrants may or may not offer distinct identity options to their members in terms of ethnic or national belonging. Virtual communities with very diverse user profiles may offer more distinct identity options for their members as a strategy in attracting and retaining members, compared to virtual communities with a more homogeneous membership.
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Dolan, Hankiz, Mu Li, Deborah Bateson, Rachel Thompson, Chun Wah Michael Tam, Carissa Bonner i Lyndal Trevena. "Healthcare providers' perceptions of the challenges and opportunities to engage Chinese migrant women in contraceptive counselling: a qualitative interview study". Sexual Health 17, nr 5 (2020): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh19215.
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Background In Australia, there are many culturally and linguistically diverse communities and Chinese migrants make up one of the largest. Yet, little is known about healthcare providers’ (HCPs) unique experiences in providing contraceptive care for Chinese migrant women. There is minimal research into the HCPs’ perceptions of challenges or opportunities in engaging Chinese migrant women in informed and shared decision-making processes during contraceptive counselling. The aim of this study is to explore HCPs’ experiences of providing contraceptive care for Chinese migrant women, their perceptions of women’s care needs when choosing contraceptive methods, as well as their own needs in supporting women’s decision-making. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 HCPs in Sydney, Australia who had substantial experience in providing contraceptive services to Chinese women who were recent migrants. Transcribed audio-recorded data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Four main themes were identified, including: ‘Are you using contraception?’: the case for being proactive and opportunistic; ‘Getting the message across’: barriers to communication; ‘Hormones are unnatural?’: women favouring non-hormonal methods; and ‘Word of mouth’: social influence on contraceptive method choice. Conclusions: In order to facilitate informed choice and shared decision-making with Chinese migrant women during contraceptive counselling, broader health system and community-level strategies are needed. Such strategies could include improving HCPs’ cultural competency in assessing and communicating women’s contraceptive needs; providing professional interpreting services and translated materials; and improving women’s health literacy, including their contraceptive knowledge and health system awareness.
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Liu, Liangni Sally, i Jun Lu. "Contesting Transnational Mobility among New Zealand’s Chinese Migrants from an Economic Perspective新西兰中国跨国移民的跨界经济活动及成因". Journal of Chinese Overseas 11, nr 2 (27.10.2015): 146–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341303.
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New Chinese migrants from the People’s Republic of China to New Zealand are renowned for their transnational mobility. Based on an online survey among this group of migrants, this paper aims to explore how economic factors in Chinese transnational migration play out in a way different from that posited by some conventional conceptions in migration studies. For example, compared with the conventional remittance flow that usually takes place from migrant-receiving countries to migrant-sending countries, this research finds a reverse remittance transaction channel among prc migrants. This reverse remittance flow is a manifestation of China’s economic revitalization, which benefited New Zealand, especially in the recent economic crisis. It was also found that economic reasons were not decisive in an immigrant’s decision to settle in New Zealand. However, economic reasons contributed significantly to their on-going movements after arriving in New Zealand. prc immigrants’ deciding to migrate or re-migrate reflects a layering of priorities that measure the short-term goal of maintaining economic livelihood against the longer-term goal of ensuring one’s family’s overall well-being.
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Ho, Ngai Kwan Nicole, Robert D. Schweitzer i Nigar G. Khawaja. "Academic Achievement Among Recently Arrived Chinese Adolescent Migrants: The Role of Social Support, School Belonging, and Acculturative Stress". Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 27, nr 1 (17.03.2016): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2016.4.
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Factors contributing to academic achievement among recently arrived Chinese adolescents in Australia remain relatively underexplored. Previous studies focused on Asian migrants, including Chinese, but did not distinguish Chinese from other Asian migrants. The current study specifically looks at Chinese migrants who have recently arrived, as opposed to Asian migrants. This study aims to explore the role of social support, school belonging, and acculturative stress on academic achievement of recently arrived Chinese adolescents (n = 55). Questionnaires were administered to this sample. The results indicated that school belonging, interestingly, was negatively associated with academic achievement. Perceived social support and acculturative stress were not significantly associated with academic achievement. The findings provide insights into risk and protective factors influencing academic achievement of Chinese migrants. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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WEI, XIAOLIN, STEPHEN PEARSON, ZHANXIN ZHANG, JIANGMEI QIN, NANCY GEREIN i JOHN WALLEY. "COMPARING KNOWLEDGE AND USE OF HEALTH SERVICES OF MIGRANTS FROM RURAL AND URBAN AREAS IN KUNMING CITY, CHINA". Journal of Biosocial Science 42, nr 6 (28.06.2010): 743–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932010000313.
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SummaryThis paper compares the knowledge and utilization of health services among rural residents, urban residents, rural migrants and urban migrants in a large Chinese city. Data were obtained from a questionnaire survey of 2765 individuals (1951 heads of households and 814 spouses) in Guandu district, Kunming, in 2005. The determinants of their knowledge and utilization of health services were analysed using multivariate logistic regression. First, the migrant population was less likely to know of, or utilize, high-level hospitals and township hospitals than residents. Migrants were more likely to utilize private rather than public services for general health care and delivery care. Second, there was a difference between rural migrants and urban migrants in terms of knowledge and utilization of health services. Rural migrants utilized more low-cost private clinics, but had less knowledge about sources of condoms than urban migrants. Finally, rural residents had more knowledge and utilization of township hospitals than urban residents. This latter group were more likely to utilize high-level hospitals. Migrants' access to health care in urban China is understood better using a dual rural–urban and migrant–resident analytical framework. Rural migrants are the most disadvantaged in their access to urban health care. Further reform of the registered residence system and urban public financing system is recommended. Better information on services and their utilization should be provided to migrants and residents.
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Nyíri, Pál. "Moving Targets: Chinese Christian Proselytising Among Transnational Migrants from the People’s Republic of China". European Journal of East Asian Studies 2, nr 2 (24.03.2003): 263–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-00202005.
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This paper addresses the question of proselytism as an active practice of shaping other people’s identities. Specifically, it looks at the identity discourse promoted by ethnic Chinese evangelicals and compares it to that of Jehovah’s Witnesses. Both Christian churches proselytise among contemporary transnational migrants from the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in Europe, each making use of a sophisticated organisation adapted to the transnational practices of these migrants. Yet while evangelicals promote a transnational ethnic identity quite compatible with the secular discourse of the global Chinese migrant, Jehovah’s Witnesses promote an anti-secular, non-ethnic cosmopolitanism. As a result, global Chinese evangelical ties more easily become part of global migratory and business networks. The paper is based on fieldwork among Chinese evangelical organisations and Jehovah’s Witnesses in Italy, Hungary, Russia, and the United Kingdom, supplemented with interviews in the United States (the headquarters of many Chinese evangelical organisations) and a survey of printed and online resources used in proselytising.
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Petersen, Micah, i Saleem Ali. "Chinese Migrant Perceptions of Africans: Understanding Confucian Reflexive Politics in Southern Africa". Social Sciences 7, nr 10 (25.09.2018): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci7100172.
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In this paper, we use a qualitative reflexive approach to understand the dynamics of Chinese migrant perceptions of Africans upon arrival in Africa and the changes in their views upon returning to China. The research is based on in-depth, semi-structured field interviews with Chinese workers and managers in Mozambique and South Africa, as well as interviews with returning migrants to China, carried out in Beijing. Thus, we are able to gauge the learning experience that occurs and how the underlying Confucian philosophy that has been embraced by the Chinese polity manifests such changes in perception. The research suggests that there is a positive learning process which occurs through the migrants’ experience and underlying racial stereotypes of Chinese regarding Africans are eroded. Confucian framing of China’s role in Africa is also mitigated towards a more hybridized view of African cultures and societies that reflects to adaptive propensities of contemporary Chinese society.
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Wang, Xinyu (Promio). "Digital Technology, Physical Space, and the Notion of Belonging among Chinese Migrants in Japan". Asiascape: Digital Asia 7, nr 3 (16.11.2020): 211–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22142312-12340126.
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Abstract This paper illustrates how, among Chinese migrants in Japan, the notion of belonging is constructed and modified by their use of digital technology, by presenting digital technologies as a continuum of physical and digitized life experiences. Drawing on interviews with 55 Chinese migrants in Japan, this paper argues that Chinese migrants are increasingly engaged in digital spaces that combine the online and offline and permit their presence at a transnational scale, through a collectively imagined ‘Chinese’ identity. However, because of the influence of physical spaces on Chinese migrants’ transnational, diasporic experiences, this transnational engagement does not lead to the construction of a transnational or a relatively static nation-state sense of belonging. Instead, for Chinese migrants in Japan, the notion of belonging can be based on the situation and context, and it can switch between the home and host countries.
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Ying Chen, Anna, Tu T. Huynh i Yoon Jung Park. "Faces of China: New Chinese Migrants in South Africa, 1980s to Present". African and Asian Studies 9, nr 3 (2010): 286–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921010x515978.
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Abstract Contrary to media arguments that Chinese migration to Africa is part of a Chinese state project, the vast majority of new Chinese migrants in South Africa arrived (or made decisions to stay) independently, motivated by their desires to improve their lives. Newer Chinese migrants tend to follow paths cut by those who came earlier; some of these earlier migrants from the PRC came with Taiwanese businesses or state-owned enterprises. Today’s Chinese migrants are quite diverse: they come from various parts of China, with different levels of education and experience, and from different class backgrounds. Migration processes and migration successes are linked to sending country, receiving country and global conditions; however, Chinese migrants themselves play an integral role in shaping perceptions, constructing new identities and changing spaces, giving substance to the idea of a “global south”.
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Lin, Ping. "Discovering the Xinyimin in Jakarta: New Chinese Migrants from the prc". Translocal Chinese: East Asian Perspectives 14, nr 1 (7.09.2020): 66–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24522015-01401005.
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Abstract The Belt and Road Initiative (bri) has encouraged many prc nationals to move to Indonesia as (informal) entrepreneurs, firm managers, expatriates, petty traders, migrant laborers, or to accompany family members. It is likely that hundreds of thousands of prc nationals have regularly stayed in Indonesia since between 2000 and 2017. This pilot study found that most new Chinese migrants (xinyimin) were middle- or lower-class people from rural areas in the prc. With limited knowledge and capital, it was difficult for them to achieve a stable and affluent life in the major cities of the prc. However, by moving to Jakarta, their limited assets had greater value because of the development gap between Indonesia and the prc. Most such migrants to Indonesia obtain more promising career opportunities, achieve higher socioeconomic status, and enjoy comfortable lives. Those from coastal prc tend to be managers of large firms; those from the inner regions of the country tend to be petty traders, self-employed, labor migrants, or are hired as local staff. The former are more likely to be conservative with respect to Indonesian society and to align themselves with the prc discourse on the bri; the latter are more responsive to Indonesian society. In general, the fewer resources migrants have in the prc, the more likely they are to settle in Indonesia.
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Zani, Beatrice. "Digital Entrepreneurship". Journal of Chinese Overseas 17, nr 2 (13.10.2021): 265–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341445.
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Abstract In the digital age of migration, Chinese migrant entrepreneurial activities are increasingly undertaken online. Drawing on a case study of e-commerce developed by Chinese marriage-migrant women in Taiwan, this article investigates the digitized and emotional dimensions of entrepreneurship. It examines Chinese women’s innovative use of the online social media platform WeChat in developing transnational networks and virtual commercial circuits to achieve their economic goals while adapting to their new host society. It considers the role of the emotions in business formation and in the commercialization of “contested” commodities whose circulations transgress trading rules and borders. This study contributes to the empirical literature on the transformation of migrant entrepreneurship, specifically by diasporic Chinese. Theoretically, the empirical case of digital entrepreneurship among Chinese migrant women invites us to consider the growing use of both virtual platforms and emotions in the making of migrants’ commercial activities.
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Xiao, Yang, i Yanjie Bian. "The influence of hukou and college education in China’s labour market". Urban Studies 55, nr 7 (31.01.2017): 1504–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017690471.
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This paper examines the impact of hukou and college education on job placement and wage attainment for Chinese rural migrant workers in the cities. The analysis of the 2010 Chinese General Social Survey shows that when rural-born individuals gain both urban hukou and college education, they enjoy equal job-sector placement and they earn significantly higher wages than the college-educated locals. But in the absence of a rural-to-urban hukou transfer, migrants have fewer opportunities to go to college than local peers, and even college education does not gain a migrant an equal chance of working in the state sector or receiving equal earnings. A major contribution of this study is to suggest a nine-category analytic scheme, which takes into account how education, hukou and type of workplace affect one another in jointly influencing labour market inequality between rural migrants and urbanite workers.
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Hung, Jason. "Internal Migration in Chinese Cities: An Exploration of Youths’ Experiences of Delinquency". Asian Social Science 16, nr 2 (31.01.2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v16n2p1.
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Introduction. In China, urban police tend to arrest and interrogate internal migrants when crimes occur, as they believe migrant cohorts are the main cause of crime. Detecting risk factors in migrant children's delinquency is necessary in order to allow authorities to limit the scope of crime.
Methods. This essay explores studies from Chicago School of Criminology, in additional to other relevant western criminological literature. This essay investigates how poor living conditions, undue levels of fear of crime, deficiency in the formation of social bonds, lack of informal control at home and school, and development of social strain are associated with migrant children's delinquency in China.
Findings. Socioeconomic challenges drive migrant children to delinquency. Migrant children are subject to discrimination and exclusion at school and public spaces, in addition to segregation residentially. The unfair treatment they receive contributes to their inability to develop a metropolitan social bonds and trust. Similarly, migrant parents are victimised by social discrimination, exploitation and exclusion, minimising their opportunities to exercise positive parenting. Their economic hardships impede migrant cohorts from alleviating poverty and increasing community engagement. Local urbanites' fear of crime against migrant cohorts fosters mutual misunderstanding, mistrust and conflicts. Social tension and fear of crime reinforce local urban residents' segregation and discrimination against internal migrants.
Conclusions. Migrant children may demonstrate a higher propensity of delinquency than local counterparts. However, more attention should be given to their victimisation as a result of economic hardships and social inequalities, in order to effectively exercise crime control in Chinese cities.
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Yu, Li. "An Empirical Study of Recent Mainland Chinese Migration to Vancouver". Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 19, nr 2 (23.07.2009): 180–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037753ar.
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Abstract One of the major changes in the last decade in the character of Chinese migration to Vancouver and to Canada as a whole is that mainland Chinese migrants have become the largest source of Chinese immigrants arriving in Canada. In Vancouver, mainland Chinese migrants have become the largest group within the Chinese Canadian community. This paper explains the historical background for the change and analyzes the motivations behind mainland Chinese migration to Vancouver and British Columbia. It points out that most recent migrants from mainland China have come from a middle class background. Poverty, family union, and political dissent are no longer major driving forces in peoples’ decisions to migrate. In the 1990s and 2000s, mainland migrants have sought to better their natural and social environments, and to achieve a higher quality of life for themselves and their children. Prospective migrants to Canada view the existence of a large Chinese community in Vancouver as an important attraction, providing new immigrants with certain conveniences in everyday life and various job opportunities.
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Mui, Ma So. "Cantonese Sojourners and Shiwan Ceramic Roof Decoration in Malaysia". Journal of Chinese Overseas 8, nr 1 (2012): 38–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/179325412x634300.
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Abstract Over the period October 2006-July 2008, the author conducted a detailed survey of five historic buildings in Malaya constructed by 19th-century Chinese immigrants. These buildings feature roof decorations made in and imported from Shiwan 石灣, China, during that period. The decorations include scenes and figurines representing events and characters taken from Cantonese operas, Chinese legends and classical novels. In studying these decorations the author has come across several recurring themes illustrating concepts such as justice, sworn brotherhood, loyalty and courage in the face of adversity, which shed light on the cultural identities and thinking of the Cantonese migrants. In this paper these themes are interpreted against the background of the social and political circumstances in China and Southeast Asia during the period under discussion, showing how an understanding of the concerns of these Chinese migrants of the past can help one to understand contemporary migrant communities worldwide.
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Neto, Félix, i Maria da Conceição Pinto. "Loneliness among Chinese Migrants in Portugal". Journal of Chinese Overseas 17, nr 1 (8.04.2021): 196–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341439.
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Abstract The goal of this research is to explore the acculturation and adaptation factors that are likely to predict the level of loneliness among Chinese migrants residing in Portugal. The sample is constituted by one hundred and eighty-nine participants (25 percent women and 75 percent men) with an average age of 29 years. The average length of sojourn was 8 years. We used the ULS-6 scale to assess loneliness. Other instruments were utilized to evaluate ethnic identity, perceived discrimination, mental health, sociocultural adaptation, and tolerance. In agreement with expectations, ethnic identity negatively predicted loneliness, and perceived discrimination positively predicted loneliness. Lastly, sociocultural adaptation and tolerance negatively predicted loneliness, and mental health problems positively predicted loneliness. The adaptation factors predicted 60 percent of the variance in loneliness. Implications of these findings for reducing migrants’ loneliness are considered.
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Guerassimoff, Carine. "The New Chinese Migrants in France". International Migration 41, nr 3 (sierpień 2003): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2435.00244.
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Moore, Markééta, i Czeslaw Tubilewicz. "CHINESE MIGRANTS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC". Asian Survey 41, nr 4 (lipiec 2001): 611–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2001.41.4.611.
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