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Xin, Ling. "Exploring other worlds". Physics World 34, nr 9 (1.12.2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/34/09/18.
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Yan, Yan, Zhan-Le Du, Hua-Ning Wang, Han He, Juan Guo, Xin Huang, Xiao-Shuai Zhu, Xing-Hua Dai i Gang-Hua Lin. "Decades of Chinese Solar and Geophysical Data". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S340 (luty 2018): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921318001916.
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AbstractThe Chinese Solar and Geophysical Data (CSGD) was first issued at the Beijing Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences (now the headquarter of the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences) in 1971, when China’s satellite-industry was booming. CSGD covers the observational data (observations of the sunspots, solar flares, solar radio bursts, ionospheric storm and geomagnetic storm) from a couple of domestic observatories and the forecast data. The compiler of CSGD still keeps the data exchange with other institutes worldwide. The type of the dataset includes texts, tables, figures and so on. Up to now, we have electronized all the historic archives, making them easily accessible to people who are interested in them.
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Cui, Chenzhou, Boliang He, Jian Xiao, Ce Yu, Jian Li, Zihuang Cao, Liying Su i in. "Data Resources and Services at CAsDC". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S298 (maj 2013): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313006686.
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AbstractThe Chinese Astronomical Data Center (CAsDC) is a member of World Data System, hosted at National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences(NAOC). The CAsDC keeps close collaboration with IVOA, WDS and CODATA. The whole set of LAMOST data, including raw data and data products, are hosted at the CAsDC. Data resources and services of the CAsDC are introduced.
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Wang, Jingxiu. "Astronomy Research in China". Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, nr 3 (2001): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00000778.
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AbstractDecades of efforts made by Chinese astronomers have established some basic facilities for astronomy observations, such as the 2.16-m optical telescope, the solar magnetic-field telescope, the 13.7-m millimeter-wave radio telescope etc. One mega-science project, the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), intended for astronomical and astrophysical studies requiring wide fields and large samples, has been initiated and funded.To concentrate the efforts on mega-science projects, to operate and open the national astronomical facilities in a more effective way, and to foster the best astronomers and research groups, the National Astronomical Observatories (NAOs) has been coordinated and organizated. Four research centers, jointly sponsored by observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and universities, have been established. Nine principal research fields have received enhanced support at NAOs. They are: large-scale structure of universe, formation and evolution of galaxies, high-energy and cataclysmic processes in astrophysics, star formation and evolution, solar magnetic activity and heliogeospace environment, astrogeodynamics, dynamics of celestial bodies in the solar system and artificial bodies, space-astronomy technology, and new astronomical techniques and methods.
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Yan, Yihua. "Research advances in solar physics at National Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences". Chinese Science Bulletin 66, nr 11 (3.03.2021): 1363–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/tb-2020-1645.
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Qiu, Jane. "Great strides of China's space programmes". National Science Review 4, nr 2 (24.02.2017): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwx006.
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Abstract While China's almost flawless space endeavours—such as its space lab Tiangong-2, launched last year, and the 2012 mission that sent a rover to the surface of the Moon—have long impressed the world, space-science missions were not among its priorities until recently. The situation improved in 2011 when the Chinese Academy of Sciences won government support for a 10-year Strategic Pioneering Programme on Space Science—with a total budget of nearly 1 billion dollars. Since then, China has launched satellites to probe dark matter, detect black holes and conduct quantum experiments from space. This year will see the launch of an astronomy satellite and a highly anticipated mission to bring back rocks from the Moon. In a forum chaired by National Science Review's Executive Associate Editor Mu-ming Poo, space scientists discussed different types of Chinese space programmes, the science missions already launched or in development, the importance and challenges of international collaboration, and the uncertain future of the country's space-science development. Chunlai Li Deputy Director, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Ji Wu Director, National Centre of Space Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Jianyu Wang Deputy Director, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Branch Shuangnan Zhang Institute of High-Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Yifang Wang Director, Institute of High-Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mu-ming Poo (Chair) Director, Institute of Neuroscience, Institute of High-Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai
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Marshalov, D., J. Ping, W. Li, M. Wang, J. Sun, Yu Bondarenko, M. Vasilyev i E. Yagudina. "3-Way Lunar Radio Ranging Experiment on RT-32 Radio Telescopes". Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 57, nr 1-2 (1.04.2020): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2020-0003.
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AbstractSince 2017, the Institute of Applied Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences in cooperation with the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has been conducting observations of the Chang’E-3 lander carrier wave signal. The paper presents the features of observation scheduling and results of data processing. High-precision phase radar measurements have been obtained with an instrumental error of 1–2 mm. The deviation of residuals in model calculations does not exceed ± 1 cm. The estimates of CE-3 lander position have been obtained with an accuracy of 0.5’’, 7.4 m and 3.2 m in celenocentric cylindrical longitude, Px and Py coordinates, respectively.
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Zhao, Weijie. "Open data for better science". National Science Review 5, nr 4 (7.06.2018): 593–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwy059.
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ABSTRACT The past two decades have seen increasing interests in open data. Many scientists believe that the original research data should be properly organized and opened to the public and researchers throughout the world, and, once the open-data strategies are put into practice, the entire scientific research enterprise could be transformed. Driven by the trend of data sharing many platforms and repositories have been established. Universities, funding agencies and academic journals are also taking an active role in facilitating data sharing. In this forum discussion organized by National Science Review and chaired by Jianhui Li, panelists from diverse backgrounds who have all participated in the development of open data gathered together and talked about the recent progress and future directions of open data. Chenzhou Cui Chief Information Officer of the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Xiangdong Fang Professor at Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Mark Musen Director of the Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, California, USA Lydia Pintscher Product manager of Wikidata, Wikimedia Deutschland, Berlin, Germany Beth Plale Director of Data to Insight Center, Professor of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA Paul Uhlir Consultant, Information Policy and Management, New York, USA; Formerly Director of the Board on Research Data and Information, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, USA Jianhui Li (Chair) Professor at Computer Network Information Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li, Di, Rendong Nan i Zhichen Pan. "The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope project and its early science opportunities". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S291 (sierpień 2012): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312024015.
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AbstractThe National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Science (NAOC), has started building the largest antenna in the world. Known as FAST, the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope is a Chinese mega-science project funded by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC). FAST also represents part of Chinese contribution to the international efforts to build the square kilometer array (SKA). Upon its finishing around September of 2016, FAST will be the most sensitive single-dish radio telescope in the low frequency radio bands between 70 MHz and 3 GHz. The design specifications of FAST, its expected capabilities, and its main scientific aspirations were described in an overview paper by Nan et al. (2011). In this paper, we briefly review the design and the key science goals of FAST, speculate the likely limitations at the initial stages of FAST operation, and discuss the opportunities for astronomical discoveries in the so-called early science phase.
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He, Han, Huaning Wang, Zhanle Du, Xin Huang, Yan Yan, Xinghua Dai, Juan Guo i Jialong Wang. "A brief history of Regional Warning Center China (RWC-China)". History of Geo- and Space Sciences 9, nr 1 (27.03.2018): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-9-41-2018.
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Abstract. Solar-terrestrial prediction services in China began in 1969 at the Beijing Astronomical Observatory (BAO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). In 1990, BAO joined the International URSIgram and World Days Service (IUWDS) and started solar-terrestrial data and prediction interchanges with other members of IUWDS. The short-term solar activity prediction service with standard URSIgram codes began in January 1991 at BAO, and forecasts have been issued routinely every weekday from then on. The Regional Warning Center Beijing (RWC-Beijing) of IUWDS was officially approved in China in 1991 and was formally established in February 1992. In 1996, the IUWDS was changed to the current name, the International Space Environment Service (ISES). In 2000, the RWC-Beijing was renamed RWC-China according to ISES requirements. In 2001, the National Astronomical Observatories, CAS (NAOC) was established. All the solar-terrestrial data and prediction services of BAO were taken up by NAOC. The headquarters of RWC-China is located on the campus of NAOC.
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Dai, Zhi Quan, Yong Guan, Sheng Zhen Jin, Zhi Ping Shi, Xiao Juan Li i Jie Zhang. "SpaceWire State Machine Verification Based on Model Checking". Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (maj 2011): 2192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.2192.
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SpaceWire is a high-speed data transmission bus standard proposed by ESA for the aerospace applications. Hosted by the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Space Solar Telescope project takes the SpaceWire bus standard as space communication link. The SpaceWire communication circuit implemented by our group is a part of the SST project. In order to improve the fault detection and fault correction capacity and the reliability of the SpaceWire bus, we add a more error analysis and data storage module into the original six state modules of the standard protocol in the exchange layer.We adopt the formal verification method based on the model checking to verify the finite state machine of the SpaceWire control module. The properties expressed by the high-order temporal logic formula are verified automatically to be true by the SMV model verifier of the Cadence Company. Verification results show that our SpaceWire bus implementation and the additional error analysis and data storage module are faithful to the protocol specification. Therefore, we also can integrate SpaceWire bus circuit into the SST project.
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Shi, Chaojun, Yatong Zhou, Bo Qiu, Jingfei He, Mu Ding i Shiya Wei. "Diurnal and nocturnal cloud segmentation of all-sky imager (ASI) images using enhancement fully convolutional networks". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, nr 9 (4.09.2019): 4713–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4713-2019.
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Abstract. Cloud segmentation plays a very important role in astronomical observatory site selection. At present, few researchers segment cloud in nocturnal all-sky imager (ASI) images. This paper proposes a new automatic cloud segmentation algorithm that utilizes the advantages of deep-learning fully convolutional networks (FCNs) to segment cloud pixels from diurnal and nocturnal ASI images; it is called the enhancement fully convolutional network (EFCN). Firstly, all the ASI images in the data set from the Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy at the National Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) are converted from the red–green–blue (RGB) color space to hue saturation intensity (HSI) color space. Secondly, the I channel of the HSI color space is enhanced by histogram equalization. Thirdly, all the ASI images are converted from the HSI color space to RGB color space. Then after 100 000 iterative trainings based on the ASI images in the training set, the optimum associated parameters of the EFCN-8s model are obtained. Finally, we use the trained EFCN-8s to segment the cloud pixels of the ASI image in the test set. In the experiments our proposed EFCN-8s was compared with four other algorithms (OTSU, FCN-8s, EFCN-32s, and EFCN-16s) using four evaluation metrics. Experiments show that the EFCN-8s is much more accurate in cloud segmentation for diurnal and nocturnal ASI images than the other four algorithms.
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Lei, Xiangxu, Shengfu Xia, Hongkang Liu, Xiaozhen Wang, Zhenwei Li, Baomin Han, Jizhang Sang, You Zhao i Hao Luo. "An Improved Range-Searching Initial Orbit-Determination Method and Correlation of Optical Observations for Space Debris". Applied Sciences 13, nr 24 (13.12.2023): 13224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132413224.
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The Changchun Observatory of the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory are used to generate very short arc (VSA) angle observations of objects in low Earth orbit (LEO) and geostationary orbit (GEO) with their ground-based electrical–optical telescope arrays (EA), the Changchun EA and SAO FocusGEO, respectively. These observations are used in this paper. The range-searching (RS) algorithm for initial orbit determination (IOD) is improved through the multiple combinations of observations and the dynamic range-searching step length. Two different computation modes (the normal mode and the refining mode) of the IOD computation process are proposed. The geometrical method for the association is used. The IOD and association methods are extended to the real optical observations for both LEO and GEO objects. The results show that the IOD success rate of arcs from the LEO objects is about 91%, the error of the semimajor axis (SMA) of the initial orbital elements is less than 50 km, and the correlation accuracy rate is about 89%. The IOD success rate of arcs from the GEO objects is higher than 88%, and the correlation accuracy rate is greater than 87%. The recent COSMOS 1408 antisatellite test (ASAT) generated a large amount of debris. The algorithm of this paper and the observations of Changchun EA are used to initially identify new debris, possibly from the ASAT through initial orbit determination and track association. Finally, 64 suspected new pieces of debris can be found. The results show the effectiveness of the IOD and the correlation algorithm, as well as the potential application of the optical–electrical array in studying space events.
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Liu, X. W., H. B. Yuan, Z. Y. Huo, L. C. Deng, J. L. Hou, Y. H. Zhao, G. Zhao i in. "LSS-GAC – A LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey of the Galactic Anti-center". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S298 (maj 2013): 310–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313006510.
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AbstractAs a major component of the LAMOST Galactic surveys, the LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey of the Galactic Anti-center (LSS-GAC) will survey a significant volume of the Galactic thin/thick disks and halo in a contiguous sky area of ~3,400 sq.deg., centered on the Galactic anti-center (|b| ≤ 30°, 150 ≤ l ≤ 210°), and obtain λλ3800–9000 low resolution (R ~1,800) spectra for a statistically complete sample of ≳ 3 M stars of all colors, uniformly and randomly selected from (r, g - r) and (r, r - i) Hess diagrams obtained from a CCD imaging photometric survey of ~5,400 sq.deg. with the Xuyi 1.04/1.20 m Schmidt Telescope, ranging from r = 14.0 to a limiting magnitude of r = 17.8 (18.5 for limited fields). The survey will deliver spectral classification, radial velocity (Vr) and stellar parameters (effective temperature (Teff), surface gravity (log g) and metallicity [Fe/H]) for millions of Galactic stars. Together with Gaia which will provide accurate distances and tangential velocities for a billion stars, the LSS-GAC will yield a unique data set to study the stellar populations, chemical composition, kinematics and structure of the disks and their interface with the halo, identify streams of debris of tidally disrupted dwarf galaxies and clusters, probe the gravitational potential and dark matter distribution, map the 3D distribution of interstellar dust extinction, search for rare objects (e.g. extremely metal-poor or hyper-velocity stars), and ultimately advance our understanding of the assemblage of the Milky Way and other galaxies and the origin of regularity and diversity of their properties.The survey was initiated in the fall of 2012 and expected to complete in the spring of 2017. Hitherto, about 0.4 M spectra of S/N(λ7450) ≥ 10 per pixel have been accumulated. In addition, bright nights have been used to target stars brighter than 14 mag and have so far generated over 0.4 M spectra, yielding an excellent sample of local stars to probe the solar neighborhood. LSP3, a set of pipelines tailored to the need of LSS-GAC, for spectral flux-calibration, and radial velocity and stellar parameter determinations, have been developed at Peking University, based on packages developed for the SDSS and those at the National Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Comparisons of multi-epoch observations, with the SDSS results, as well as applying the pipelines to open and globular clusters show that LSP3 has achieved a precision of 5 km s−1, 110 K, 0.15 dex and 0.15 dex for Vr, Teff, log g and [Fe/H], respectively. The data are publicly available, subject to regulations of the LAMOST data policy, and begin to yield scientific results. The potential of LSS-GAC and power of existing data are illustrated with examples of selected problems.
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Phua, Kok Khoo. "EDITORIAL". Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter 02, nr 02 (sierpień 2013): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251158x13000179.
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In this issue of the Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter (APPN), we introduce four Astronomical Research Institutes in Asia Pacific: the Australian Astronomical Observatory, National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taiwan.
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Su, Jiangtao, Yu Liu i Yuandeng Shen. "Changing photospheric vector magnetic fields associated with a B4.2-class solar flare". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S294 (sierpień 2012): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313003219.
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AbstractRecent observations have provided evidence that the solar photospheric magnetic fields could have rapid and permanent changes in both longitudinal and transverse components associated with large (X- or M-class) solar flares. However, few observations have been reported about small flares. In this paper we find the observational evidence of changing photospheric vector magnetic fields associated with a B4.2-class flare obtained with the Solar Magnetic Field Telescope (SMFT) installed at Huairou Solar Observing Station (HSOS) of Nation Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
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Li, Changhua, Chenzhou Cui, Linying Mi, Boliang He, Dongwei Fan, Shanshan Li, Sisi Yang i in. "Design and Implement of Astronomical Cloud Computing Environment In China-VO". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S325 (październik 2016): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316012709.
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AbstractAstronomy cloud computing environment is a cyber-Infrastructure for Astronomy Research initiated by Chinese Virtual Observatory (China-VO) under funding support from NDRC (National Development and Reform commission) and CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences). Based on virtualization technology, astronomy cloud computing environment was designed and implemented by China-VO team. It consists of five distributed nodes across the mainland of China. Astronomer can get compuitng and storage resource in this cloud computing environment. Through this environments, astronomer can easily search and analyze astronomical data collected by different telescopes and data centers , and avoid the large scale dataset transportation.
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Feklova, Tatyana Yu. "The first russian magneto-meteorological observatory in China: historical and scientific survey". Вестник Российской академии наук 89, nr 11 (13.11.2019): 1169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-587389111169-1175.
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This paper is devoted to the history of the appearance and evolution of Russian magnetic and meteorological stations and observatories in the territories of China in the nineteenth century. The paper is based on an analysis of numerous resources obtained from Russian and Chinese archives. Considerable attention has been paid to the history of the Russian Magneto-Meteorological Observatory in Beijing, which was part of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The observatory was built on the territory of the Russian Orthodox mission. The Observatory and its directors and employees made a great contribution to the investigation of climatic features of the Asian region.
For the first time, the paper provides unique information about the organization and equipment of meteorological stations that were established in China and Mongolia under the Beijing observatorys auspices. The stations conducted magnetic, barometric, meteorological, and astronomical observations. Such types of investigations served as the basis for the development of climatology in the Far East and Siberia.
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Kleshchonok, V. V., V. L. Karbovsky, M. I. Buromsky, M. V. Lashko, Yu M. Gorbanev, V. I. Kashuba, C. R. Kimakovskiy i in. "Star occultation by small bodies of the Solar system: current state of observations in Ukraine". Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 28, nr 5 (28.10.2022): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/knit2022.05.056.
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Observations of stars’ occultations by small bodies of the Solar system allow solving of a series of problems described in this article. The Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, together with the Astronomical Observatory of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, created a software and hardware complex for observing the star coatings with long-focus telescopes. The complex uses a highly sensitive Apogee Alta U47 CCD camera in time delay integration (TDI) mode. It also includes a focus reducer with a block of light filters. The stationary variant of the complex can be used on the AZT-2 telescope of MAO NAS of Ukraine and the AZT-14 of the Lesniki observation station. The mobile complex is also made on the basis of the telescope of Newton’s system (D = 203 mm, F = 1200 mm) and the computerized installation of Sky-Watcher EQ-5 with the GOTO system for field observations. The worth of occultation observations increases significantly when using several observation points. To this end, we have initiated the gathering of the group of observers and their instrumentation from Ukrainian astronomical institutions, both professional and amateur. The Odesa Astronomical Observatory is presented in the group by the Richie-Chrétien telescope OMT-800 (D = 800 mm, F = 2134 mm) with the CCD camera QHY174M GPS at the Mayaki station and Schmidt system telescope (D = 271.25 mm, F = 440 mm) with the “VIDEO SCAN-415-2001” camera at the Kryzhanivka station. The group also includes several amateur observatories. Among them, there are stations in the village of Petrovka in the Odesa region, the astronomical observatory of Lozova school in the Ternopil region, private astronomical observatory L33 at Ananiiv, the Odesa region, and private observatory L58 “Heavenly Owl” in the town of Velikodolinskoye, the Odesa region. A description of the equipment used in these observation points and several examples of effective observations of occultations obtained by this group are given.
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Ehgamberdiev, Shuhrat A., Alisher S. Hojaev, O. Burkhanov, Q. Yuldoshev, R. Karimov, D. Mirzakulov, Gang Zhao i in. "UPGRADED 1 METER TELESCOPE AND SCIENCE PROJECTS". «Узбекский физический журнал» 20, nr 3 (21.05.2018): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52304/.v20i3.83.
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The article presents the latest status of the Maidanak 1 m telescope, instruments and the related facilities of the Observatory as well as the science projects. The renovation of the 1 m telescope of Carl Zeiss (Germany) at the Maidanak observatory of the Ulug Bek Astronomical Institute (UBAI) AS of Uzbekistan has been made. All systems of the telescope were completely modernized based on modern standards, the main results of modernization are also described. All modernization works, as well as scientific research on this project are carried out in close cooperation of UBAI with the National Astronomical Observatories of the Academy of Sciences of the PRC in framework of the Agreement on cooperation between these organizations. The FOV has been enlarged and new CCD camera is mounted. The related facilities, like the observing circumstance monitoring system and the photovoltaic station, are also built for the observing support. The telescope and new camera will be tested and used for the science projects of the 1 m telescope. According to the collaboration agreement, a large-scale scientific project on a full survey of the northern sky in special photometric system - Stellar Abundance and Galactic Evolution (SAGE) survey will be carried out with the upgraded 1 m telescope. The main goal of the project is to measure the stellar atmospheric parameters for more than 500 million FGK stars. As other projects, the time domain science, like GRB, SNe searching, variable stars, also will be performed.
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Eglitis, Ilgmars, i Vitaly Andruk. "Astrometry and photometry of digitized plates of Baldone Schmidt telescope". Open Astronomy 30, nr 1 (1.01.2021): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/astro-2021-0002.
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Abstract During the 40-year photographic period of astronomical observations, the Baldone Astrophysical Observatory has accumulated more than 22,000 direct and 2,500 spectral images. In 2018, the digitization of direct astrophoto images with a resolution of 1200 dpi was completed. A processing methodology for obtaining the equatorial coordinates and photometric characteristics of the objects recorded in digitized astronegatives using the LINUX/MIDAS/ROMAFOT environment has been developed at the Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Program package with success already works in seven observatories. A description of the operation of this program complex in stages and analysis of the obtained results is given. The steps describe the astrometric and photometric reduction process of digital records, as well as the reduction of the obtained instrumental magnitudes to the Johnson UBVR photometric system. The methodology of characteristic curve construction in the case of one exposure is described in detail. From all digitized astrophotoplates to date Approximately 2200 V film negatives, 300 U plates and several R, B plates were processed. As a result, catalogs of the positions and magnitudes of Pluto, 1848 asteroids and comets were obtained. 31 new positions were recorded in the VizieR Pluto catalog VI/155. It was found that the root-mean-square errors of the reduction of the measured coordinates to the equatorial coordinate system of the Tycho-2 catalog have values σ RA , DEC = 0.1-0.2”, and the root-mean-square errors of the reduction of instrumental photometric quantities m to the Johnson system of stellar UBVR-values are also in within σ UBVR = 0.1 − 0.2 m .
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Guo, Zhiliang. "Innovative Functionality of the Scientific and Technical Information System of China". Visnyk of Kharkiv State Academy of Culture, nr 65 (26.06.2024): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31516/2410-5333.065.04.
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The purpose of this article is to reveal the structure and innovative potential of the big data industry as a component of China’s scientific and technical information system. The methodology. The research was conducted using a complex of theoretical and empirical methods of scientific knowledge, which made it possible to identify the main components of China’s scientific and technical information system, establish its innovative functionality through the identification of the capabilities of national and industry platforms of big data, their aggregators and users. The following scientific approaches were used as a cognitive toolkit for the realization of the set goal: systemic, structural-functional, comparative, as well as research methods: source studying, statistical, modeling, content analysis of the sites of the Documentation and Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The results. Summarizing the achievements of the People’s Republic of China in the implementation of the “National Strategy for the Formation of Big Data” made it possible to establish that the key aggregators of this information resource are the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China, the Center for Documentation and Information of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Center for Innovative Technologies of Engineering Big Data on Earth and Space, the Institute of Aerospace Information Innovations of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Astronomical Observatory of China, the Bureau of Geological Survey of the Ministry of Natural Resources of China, the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Agricultural Zoning of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, which form powerful industrial big data platforms. It is substantiated that the adoption of unified standards and data management protocols and their exchange, guaranteeing data security through the development of powerful technical tools for the protection of digital resources will contribute to increasing the efficiency of the interaction of big data platforms regarding their corporate use. An important organizational measure to accelerate the aggregation and integration of big data is the creation of a national industrial Internet center for big data processing, among the functions of which will be the collection of industrial data, support for their monitoring and analysis, opening of the Center’s resources for small and medium-size enterprises, popularization of the possibilities of corporate application of big data in all aspects of the life cycle of production of products and services as a condition for introducing innovations and increasing business competitiveness. The most effective model of the Center’s work is a multi-level structure that combines the resources of regional and industry sub-centers of industrial and scientific big data, which will ensure their integration and corporate cooperation of big data aggregators on the creation, processing and use of this powerful innovative resource. The scientific novelty. For the first time, an idea of the structure, functionality and technologies of China’s big data industry was introduced into the scientific circulation, the qualitative features and subjects of the aggregation of scientific and industrial big data were identified, their possibilities for the production of intelligent information products and services were determined, tools for the integration of regional and industry resources were proposed platforms of big data, the prospects of corporate processing and use of big data as a strategic resource for the development of the digital economy were outlined. The practical significance. The experience of China’s development of an innovative infrastructure of powerful scientific and industrial big data platforms, which are analyzed using modern cloud technologies, blockchain and artificial intelligence, and its transformation into a knowledge industry is useful for borrowing by the Ukrainian state system of scientific and technical information.
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Xu, Jianzhong, Xinghua Zhang, Wenhui Zhao, Lixiang Zhai, Miao Zhong, Jinsen Shi, Junying Sun i in. "High-resolution physicochemical dataset of atmospheric aerosols over the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings". Earth System Science Data 16, nr 4 (16.04.2024): 1875–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1875-2024.
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Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its surroundings has attracted significant scientific interest in recent decades due to its notable impacts on regional climatic and cryospheric changes, ecological and environmental security, and the hydrological cycle. However, our understanding of the atmospheric aerosol in this remote region is highly limited by the scarcity of available datasets owing to the extremely harsh natural conditions. This challenge has been mitigated in recent decades by establishing field observatories at typical sites within the TP and its surroundings. A continuous project initiated in 2015 aims to explore the properties and sources of atmospheric aerosols, as well as their regional differences, through multiple short-term intensive observations obtained across this vast region utilizing a suite of high-time-resolution online instruments. This paper presents a systematic and hourly scale dataset of aerosol physicochemical and optical properties at eight sites across the TP and its surroundings that is derived from the project. It includes size-resolved chemical compositions of submicron aerosols, high-resolution mass spectra and sources of organic aerosols, size distributions of particle number concentrations, particle light-scattering and light-absorption coefficients, particle light absorptions attributed to different carbonaceous substances including black carbon and brown carbon, and number concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei. In brief, atmospheric aerosols in these remote sites were all well mixed and highly aged, reflecting their dominant regional transport sources. However, the southern TP region exhibited high contributions of carbonaceous organic aerosols, neutralized bulk submicron aerosols, and a relatively high light-absorption capacity, whereas in the northern TP region, secondary inorganic species were the main contributors to the overall acidic submicron aerosols. Beyond providing insights into the regional differences in aerosol sources and properties across the TP and its surroundings, the datasets will also benefit simulations of aerosol radiative forcing and evaluations of interactions among different Earth system components in numerical models for this region. The datasets are accessible through the National Cryosphere Desert Data Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (https://doi.org/10.12072/ncdc.NIEER.db2200.2022; Xu, 2022).
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Yuan, Zifeng, Yu Li, Yu Liu, Jiale Liang i Yuanzhi Zhang. "Unsupervised Ship Detection in SAR Imagery Based on Energy Density-Induced Clustering". International Journal of Network Dynamics and Intelligence, 26.09.2023, 100006. http://dx.doi.org/10.53941/ijndi.2023.100006.
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Article Unsupervised Ship Detection in SAR Imagery Based on Energy Density-Induced Clustering Zifeng Yuan 1, Yu Li 1,*, Yu Liu 1, Jiale Liang 1, and Yuanzhi Zhang 2,3 1 Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China 2 School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Correspondence: yuli@bjut.edu.cn Received: 6 March 2023 Accepted: 24 April 2023 Published: 26 September 2023 Abstract: Intelligent recognition of maritime ship targets from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is a hot research issue. However, interferences such as the strong sea clutter, sidelobe, small ship size and weak backscattered signal continually affect the detection results. To address this problem, a novel unsupervised machine learning-based ship detection algorithm, named energy density-induced clustering (EDIC), is proposed in this paper. It is discovered that the singular values between ship targets and interference signals are significantly different in a local region because of their various concentration degrees of signal energy intensity. Accordingly, in this study, two novel energy density features are proposed based on the singular value decomposition in order to effectively highlight the ship targets and suppress the interference. The proposed novel energy density features have the advantage of clearly distinguishing ship targets from sea surfaces regardless of the effects of interferences. To test the performance of the proposed features, unsupervised K-means clustering is conducted for obtaining ship detection results. Compared with the classical and state-of-the-art SAR ship detectors, the proposed EDIC method generally yields the best performance in almost all tested sea sample areas with different kinds of interferences, in terms of both detection accuracy and processing efficiency. The proposed energy density-based feature extraction method also has great potential for supervised classification using neural networks, random forests, etc.
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Yan, Yihua, Zhijun Chen, Wei Wang, Fei Liu, Lihong Geng, Linjie Chen, Chengming Tan, Xingyao Chen, Cang Su i Baolin Tan. "Mingantu Spectral Radioheliograph for Solar and Space Weather Studies". Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences 8 (29.03.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2021.584043.
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The Chinese Spectral Radioheliograph (CSRH) covering 400 MHz-15 GHz frequency range was constructed during 2009–2016 in Mingantu Observing Station, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences at Zhengxiangbaiqi, Inner Mongolia of China. The CSRH is renamed as MingantU SpEctral Radioheliograph (MUSER) after its accomplishment. Currently, MUSER consists of two arrays spreading over three spiral-shaped arms. The maximum baseline length is ∼3 km in both east-west and north-south directions. The MUSER array configuration is optimized to meet the needs of observing the full-disk Sun over ultrawide wavebands with images of high temporal, spatial and spectral resolutions and high dynamic range. The low frequency array, called MUSER-I, covers 400 MHz-2.0 GHz with 40 antennas of 4.5-m-diameter each and the high frequency array, called MUSER-II, covers 2–15 GHz with 60 antennas of 2-m-diameter each. The MUSER-I can obtain full-disk solar radio images in 64 frequency channels with a time cadence of 25 ms and a spatial resolution of 51.6″ to 10.3″ (corresponding to the frequency range 400 MHz to 2 GHz), whereas the MUSER-II can obtain full-disk solar images in 520 channels with a time cadence of 206.25 ms and a spatial resolution of 10.3″ to 1.3 (corresponding to the frequency range 2 to 15 GHz). A dynamic range of 25 dB can be obtained with snapshot images produced with the MUSER. An extension of MUSER in the further lower frequency range covering 30–400 MHz with an array of 224 logarithm-periodic dipole antennas (LPDAs) has been approved and will be completed during the next 4 years. The MUSER, as a dedicated solar instrument, has the following advantages providing simultaneous images over a wide frequency range with a unique high temporal-spatial-spectral resolutions; high-performing ultrawide-band dual-polarization feeds for wide-band signal collection; advanced high data-rate, large-scale digital correlation receiver for multiple-frequency and faster snapshot observations; and applications of new technologies such as using optical fiber to obtain remote antenna and wide-band analog signal transmission. The MUSER thus provides a unique opportunity to measure solar magnetic fields and trace dynamic evolution of energetic electrons in several radio frequencies, which, in turn, will help to have better understandings of the origin of various solar activities and the basic drivers of space weather.
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"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences". Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter 02, nr 02 (sierpień 2013): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251158x13000362.
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Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (SHAO) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), was established in 1962 following the amalgamation of the former Xu Jiahui and Sheshan observatories, which were founded by the French Mission Catholique in 1872 and 1900, respectively. Both came under the Chinese government jurisdiction in 1950.