Gotowa bibliografia na temat „China’s growth”

This thesis aims to better understand China’s structural change and productivity growth in recent decades. In the first chapter, I study the impact of infrastructure, i.e, highway construction, on China’s participation in Global Value Chains(GVCs). To guide my empirical exercise, I incorporate within-country geography into a quantitative trade model featuring sequential production. The model shows that a city’s proximity to domestic markets increases its participation in GVCs, while a city’s proximity to foreign markets may reduce its participation in GVCs. This paper empirically evaluates how China’s ambitious highway construction during the period between 2000 and 2006 determined its own participation in GVCs. In the second chapter, I study the impact of knowledge import on the produc-tivity growth of Chinese manufacturing firms. Consistent with the prediction of the model, knowledge import in skill-intensive industry has a stronger impact on manufacturing firms’ productivity growth.<br>La tesis se propone conocer mejor el cambio estructural de China y el crecimiento de su productividad en las últimas décadas. En el primer capítulo, se estudia el impacto de la infraestructura (por ejemplo la construccón de carreteras) en la participación de China en las Cadenas Globales de Valor (CGV). Para ello se propone un ejercicio empírico que incorpora las diferencias geográficas del país, en un modelo cuantitativo de comercio, caracterizado por su producción secuencial. Los resultados indican que la proximidad que tenga una ciudad con los mercados internos, aumentará su participación en las CGV, mientras que la cercanía con mercados los internacionales la reduciría. Este capítulo evalua empíıricamente cómo la ambiciosa construcción de carreteras en China durante el períıodo comprendido entre 2000 y 2006, determinó su propia participación en las CGV. En el segundo capítulo, se estudia el impacto de la importación de conocimiento sobre el crecimiento de la productividad de las empresas manufactureras chinas. En consonancia con las predicciones del modelo, se constata que la importación de conocimiento exhibido por la industria basada en el conocimiento, tiene un mayor impacto en el crecimiento de la productividad de las empresas manufactureras.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>Like Japan in the 1970s, the People’s Republic of China is currently facing economic growth measured in double-digit numbers. As both countries have faced, and continue to face, energy resource scarcity to feed their economic growth, they have reached out to the world to get these resources. How did Japan and how does today’s China ensure access to needed energy resources like oil and gas? How can these efforts be viewed according to international relations theory? Both countries use oil-producing companies, financial/development aid, and strong government support directly to domestic companies and within accompanying policies and negotiations to support their companies. The Japanese government tapped economic growth to become a global economic power, but is China more interested in using economic growth to maintain the ruling party’s power and the government itself? In terms of international relations theory, Japan and China show a realist approach in feeding their energy hunger, with the difference that Japan was and still is much more integrated into a variety of international organizations. This difference shows a bit of a liberal-institutional approach, but with realist goals set by the state. Although this thesis makes this comparison and applies international relations theory for a better insight into the economic development and long-term goals of Japan and China, it cannot specifically predict China’s future relationship with resource-rich countries and the international community.

This dissertation aims to present the reasons why China has become in the last years one of the most relevant investors in the semiconductor industry at a global level. The analysis is conducted taking into account the variations in this extremely important and changing emerging market and that will probably drive China to overcome the USA in its leading position. The flow of Chinese mergers and acquisitions (M&A) that involved Europe and the USA in the recent years is strictly related to the semiconductors industry, since M&A are relevant strategic investments for the growth in this sector. The investigation, therefore, is carried out through three parts which are useful to understand causes and effects brought by these investments and to forecast the future trends and involvements. The analysis will start from an overview on the global semiconductor market, describing its history, features and segmentation, and will be further conducted focusing on China’s role in the semiconductor industry. In particular, will be examined the policies as well as the strategies undertook by the government to support the industry, including the M&A. In the last chapter the focus will be on a case study: the acquisition of the Italian semiconductor company LFoundry, by the Chinese leading company in semiconductor SMIC. The analysis of the case study serves as a model to show how an acquisition made of win-win cooperation between a Chinese and an Italian company can be a successful strategy of growth in the semiconductor industry.

China's demographic transition will create great difficulty in continuing the scale of the economic development seen over the last thirty years. This difficulty will be experienced through the costs of the demographic detour, which began during the Great Leap Forward and was then magnified through the birth limiting campaigns up to and including the One-Child Policy. While the skewing of the dependency ratio over the last thirty years resulted in significant contributions to Chinas economic development, this has reached a limit where the unborn laborers will present a strain on development. This strain will be present in the form of a shrinking and rapidly aging labor pool resulting in a decrease in innovation and productivity as well as an overhaul to thousands of years of tradition of doing business through familial ties. This will all be culminated in the testing of an already failing pension system as China experiences the transition from the demographic stage of a slowly growing population to post-transition.

This thesis studies the impact of labor markets on economic growth in both developed and developing countries and China's urbanization, by formalizing dual labor market characteristics and China's Hukou system in two theoretical models. The first is a unified growth model in an open economy environment that captures dual labor market characteristics. The mechanism involves economic growth driven by capital accumulation in the country with Lewisian labor market leading to increasing labor participation at a near constant wage. The model shows that surplus labor plays a critical role in explaining different economic growth paths and structural changes in developing and developed countries, such as China and the US. The second is a dynamic general equilibrium model with endogenous rural-urban migration to analyze the provision of rural and urban government services in China, with special emphasis on the role of the household registration (Hukou) system in shaping its urbanization process. It argues that China’s urban bias policy, which is enabled by the Hukou system restricting rural-urban migration, did not necessarily reduce economic efficiency, rather it might have only raised urban welfare at the expense of rural residents. As the Hukou system also ties people to particular geographical locations, our model argues that China's continuous bias towards coastal and big cities has started to cause economic inefficiency as well as inequality. It suggests that progressive Hukou reform reducing barriers to cross-region migration would improve economic efficiency and welfare.

Globalisation has become a significant economic phenomenon since the late nineteenth century and foreign direct investment (FDI) has been an important driving force of globalization. FDI has become an important competitive strategy for enterprises to invest all over the world to access markets, technology, resources and talent. On the other hand, host governments consider FDI as crucial to the development of their economies, exports, employment opportunities, and competitiveness. China, in this increasingly competing world economy, has absorbed enormous amounts of FDI inflows since the economic reforms introduced in 1978. This thesis studies FDI and its impact in China during the period ranging from 1978 to 2005. The thesis makes valuable contributions to the theory of FDI as well as significant contributions to empirical analysis of the impact of FDI in China. It presents extension to various FDI theories and the impact of FDI on economic development. The thesis also empirically analyses FDI location-specific determinants and the impact of FDI on domestic investment, income distribution, consumption and tourism in China by using stationary multi-equation system of time series models together with data for the period 1978 to 2005. The results show that FDI has played an important role in the Chinese economy but does come with both benefits and costs. The findings of the thesis suggest that China should develop appropriate and effective economic development policies and regulations to ensure positive FDI externalities...<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Department of International Business and Asian Studies<br>Griffith Business School<br>Full Text

Studying the internal migration of China since 1949, the overall effect of migration on economic performance has had a discernible impact both positive and negative at different times. There are two distinct aspects the actual migration patterns and their relative effects on the economy; and the domestic policies enacted by the PRC that directly prompted movements whether intentional or not. This thesis has led to the conclusion that it was the push and pulls aspect or opposing forces of domestic policies and the migration of the people and labor throughout this entire time period that helped shape economic successes and failures in China. This push and pull aspect is the push by the PRC to control (via domestic policies) migration patterns or urban growth and the pull (internal migration) of businesses and firms for relatively cheap labor that drive internal migration. This in my opinion is the most important aspect in this thesis. The impact that of circular cause and effect is, in turn, a crucial basis of either the economic successes or failures seen throughout the time periods examined in this thesis.

Cette thèse explore l’interaction entre les changements structurels, la croissance économique et les disparités régionales dans la Chine post-réforme, en apportant des résultats empiriques au niveau provincial. Les résultats montrent que la forte croissance économique de la Chine s’est accompagnée d’un changement structurel significatif, mais que la direction de ce changement a été différente d’une province à l’autre. Par conséquent, les gains de la réallocation du travail, mesurés par le bonus en productivité, sont improportionnellement répartis entre les provinces, ce qui explique le faible bonus structurel au niveau national. Les trajectoires des changements structurels au niveau provincial s’ajustent d’elle-même plutôt que de dépendre de l’histoire, car la dynamique sectorielle entre les provinces est d’autant plus expliquée par l’hétérogénéité de la TFP sectorielle que par l’effet d’inertie de structure industriel. En outre, ces changements structurels divergents entre les provinces ont accéléré la convergence régionale en termes de revenu par tête, en particulier celle de la convergence conditionnelle. En revanche, la croissance de la TFP sectorielle a ralenti le processus de rattrapage pour les provinces en retard, tant de manière inconditionnelle que conditionnelle<br>This thesis investigates the interaction between structural change, economic growth, and regional disparities in post-reform China, providing empirical evidence at the provincial level. The results show that while China’s rapid economic growth has been accompanied by significant structural change, the direction of this change has been uneven across provinces. As a result, the benefits of labour reallocation in terms of productivity gains are unevenly distributed across regions, leading to a small structural bonus at the aggregate national level. The trajectory of structural change at the provincial level is self-adjusting rather than history-dependent, as the sectoral dynamics across provinces are explained more by the heterogeneity in sectoral TFP than by the inertia effect of the industrial structure. Moreover, the divergent structural change across provinces has accelerated regional convergence in terms of per capita income, especially conditional convergence. Meanwhile, within-sector TFP growth has slowed down the catching-up process for lagged provinces,both unconditionally and conditionally