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1
Barrett, H. Clark, Stephen Laurence i Eric Margolis. "Artifacts and Original Intent: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on the Design Stance". Journal of Cognition and Culture 8, nr 1-2 (2008): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156770908x289189.
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AbstractHow do people decide what category an artifact belongs to? Previous studies have suggested that adults and, to some degree, children, categorize artifacts in accordance with the design stance, a categorization system which privileges the designer's original intent in making categorization judgments. However, these studies have all been conducted in Western, technologically advanced societies, where artifacts are mass produced. In this study, we examined intuitions about artifact categorization among the Shuar, a hunter-horticulturalist society in the Amazon region of Ecuador. We used a forced-choice method similar to previous studies, but unlike these studies, our scenarios involved artifacts that would be familiar to the Shuar. We also incorporated a community condition to examine the possible effect of community consensus on how artifacts are categorized. The same scenarios were presented to university student participants in the UK. Across populations and conditions, participants tended to categorize artifacts in terms of a creator's intent as opposed to a differing current use. This lends support to the view that the design stance may be a universal feature of human cognition. However, we conclude with some thoughts on the limitations of the present method for studying artifact concepts.
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Junida, Dwi Surti, i Inayatul Mutmainnah. "CHALLENGES IN CARE OF CHILDREN IN CORRUPTION CASES: ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS". Multifinance 1, nr 3 (28.03.2024): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.61397/mfc.v1i3.114.
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Studies regarding the care of prisoners' children always involve the psychological problems that arise. So far, the existing findings do not examine the socio-economic perspective in the practice of caring for the children of prisoners. This research is important to do to find out how the family is able to organize itself. For support parenting children, what about stigma and discrimination to family prisoner influence methods they educate children their relationships with neighbors and community around impact on his upbringing and what his condition is like social economy influence parenting child prisoner? This research uses qualitative methods with in-depth interviews and participant observation, using case studies on families of corruption case inmates at Class 1 Correctional Institutions (Lapas) in Makassar City. Using an ethnographic approach with case studies through descriptive analysis of social structure, family structure, social support, and the impact of socio-economic conditions of prisoners on child care in terms of finances, education, employment, and economic support, which influence the ability of prisoner parents to provide adequate attention and care, worthy of their children. Researchers found that socioeconomic conditions play an important role in the upbringing of prisoners' children. Challenges in access to education and health services, economic limitations in providing care, and the impact of social stigma are important aspects that need to be considered in helping prisoners' families provide quality care for their children. By understanding the impact of these social and economic factors, it is hoped that this research can provide deeper insight and support in designing appropriate interventions to improve the quality of care for prisoners' children in families with limited socio-economic conditions.
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Al-Zubairi, Lutf M., Adel A. Al-Emad, Mabrook Bin Mohanna i Tawfik H. Al-Bada’ani. "Prevalence of Nocturnal Enuresis among Schoolchildren in Sana’a City, Yemen". Yemeni Journal for Medical Sciences 12, nr 1 (12.11.2018): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20428/yjms.v12i1.1361.
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Objective: To estimate the prevalence, frequency and time of nocturnal enuresis (NE) among primary schoolchildren in Sana’a city, Yemen.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study was conducted among 2689 schoolchildren in the primary schools of four randomly selected districts in Sana’a city in the period from September 2012 to December 2013. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, frequency, time, psycho-social effects and the factors possibly associated with NE among children were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.
Results: The overall prevalence of NE was 11.2%, which was significantly higher among males than females (13.0% vs. 10.0%, respectively; P = 0.044) and decreased significantly with increasing age (P <0.001). More than half of children (55.3%) in Sana’a city had the habits of drinking excess fluids and tea at night and/or deep sleeping. Of physical and health disorders, difficulty in breathing and urinary tract infections were the two most frequent conditions among children with NE, being observed among 29.6% and 23.9% of cases, respectively. However, urogenital anomalies and mental retardation were the least frequent conditions in children with NE, being observed among 5.8% and 1.3% of cases, respectively. On the other hand, marital problems (24.8%) and arrival of a new baby (17.9%) were the most frequently observed social conditions among children with NE, while death in the family (8.5%) and parental separation (6.0%) were the least frequently observed conditions.
Conclusions: NE is prevalent among 11.2% of schoolchildren in Sana’a city with a significantly higher, though slight, rate among males. This rate is lower than the rates reported from Aden and Mukalla cities in the country and from Saudi Arabia and Turkey. However, it is higher than those reported from Iran and Malaysia. About a third of children experience nightly NE, whereas the lowest proportion of children experience NE twice a month. The habits of drinking excess fluid and tea at night and/or deep sleeping, the disorders of difficulty in breathing and urinary tract infections and the social conditions of marital problems and arrival of a new baby are the most frequent observations among children with NE in Sana’a city.
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De Rose, Alessandra, i Giuseppina Guagnano. "Having Children in Europe: The Role of Social Capital". Review of European Studies 15, nr 1 (1.03.2023): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v15n1p24.
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We explore the role of social capital in explaining reproductive behaviour and its differences among the European countries. We adopt a comprehensive concept of social capital that combines several elementary indicators and estimate its impact on the probability of having a first or a further child among reproductive-age women currently in a partnership union. We cluster countries in four groups and discuss the results in terms of different welfare state regimes. Data come from the 2014 EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions survey (N=15,735) which we analysed through a generalized ordered logit model. Our findings support the hypothesis that women who can count on higher level of social capital show higher chance to give birth to a baby and this holds both for each country group and for Europe as a whole. By showing the importance of operationalize a complex and multivariate definition of social capital we contributed to the debate about its relationship with individual reproductive behaviour.
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Slobodin, Ortal, i Rafik Masalha. "Challenges in ADHD care for ethnic minority children: A review of the current literature". Transcultural Psychiatry 57, nr 3 (31.03.2020): 468–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461520902885.
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While attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been extensively studied in the past decades, the role of social and cultural practices in its assessment, diagnosis, and treatment has been often overlooked. This selective review provides an overview of research that explores social and cultural influences on help-seeking behavior in ethnic minority children with ADHD. Studies were selected that address cultural diversity in three areas of ADHD help-seeking: problem recognition, access to mental health services, and treatment. Special attention was given to studies of treatment selection and adherence in minority groups. Findings suggested that cultural disparities in ADHD care among ethnic minority children occur in the early stages of problem recognition, through service selection, and in the quality of treatment. Ethnic minority children were less likely than their nonminority counterparts to be diagnosed with ADHD and its comorbid conditions and less likely to be prescribed and adhere to stimulant drug treatment. These differences reflect cultural diversity in norms and attitudes towards mental health issues (e.g., fear of social stigma) as well as limited access to qualified health care. Paradoxically, cultural, racial, and language bias may also lead to the overidentification of ethnic minority children as disabled and to higher ratings of ADHD symptoms. This review highlights the importance of sociocultural factors in understanding developmental psychopathology and help-seeking behavior. In addition, it further supports calls for increasing cultural competence in communications during clinical assessment, diagnosis, and treatment in minority communities. Clinical, theoretical, and methodological considerations for future research are discussed.
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Veraksa, N. E., N. N. Veresov i V. L. Sukhikh. "Cultural Actions In The Play Of Preschool Children". Cultural-Historical Psychology 19, nr 1 (26.04.2023): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2023190108.
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<p>The article is devoted to the analysis of the key mechanisms of children's development in the play – the correlation of cultural actions and the conditions of their formation that arise in the process of children's play. A detailed analysis of the concepts of "situation" and "normative situation" is given. According to L.S. Vygotsky, a special role in children’s play is assigned to the imaginary situation, which determines the subjective nature of children's activity, and directs it to the development of the semantic side of actions due to the specifics of the imaginary situation. In other words, conditions are created in preschool childhood both for mastering normative action and for establishing an attitude to normative action. This is possible due to the presence of two spaces: culture and the space of an imaginary situation. Within these spaces, cultural artifacts themselves are mastered and a subjective attitude to various aspects of cultural objects is generated. The relevance of the theoretical analysis of the mechanisms of development in the play is due to the growing interest in the play as a means of purposeful development and education of preschool children.</p>
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Wawro, Franciszka Wanda. "The Large Family in Contemporary Conditions". Pedagogika Rodziny 5, nr 2 (1.06.2015): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fampe-2015-0013.
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Abstract In the Polish cultural ethos, the family as a value seems to have an established high position. It is also confirmed by current numerous studies focused mainly on the young generation, which show that for young people the family constitutes a value of the highest priority. It could be presumed, therefore, that the present socio-cultural climate is favourable for the family and enables it to perform its various functions, including the care and cultural function. It also concerns the large family, which in the Polish tradition used to be considered as a beneficial educational environment, or even a kind of a social force. However, in the modern society, which in its definition seems to be a declaration of high quality standards, mainly in terms of developmental chances of all its subjects, the large family has found itself in a specifically difficult situation. The reason behind it is, above all, the fact that having a large number of children is socially ostracized in various ways. If the value of the large family is not only not appreciated socially, but even discredited, then the consequences of such a state of affairs will become apparent in numerous spheres of social life. Most often, it is reflected in the basic decisions in the area of social policy, unfavourable towards large families. For such families it might imply the necessity of engaging in even an extreme struggle for survival in the sphere of everyday existence; even more so when it comes to decent conditions of performing its tasks and its socio-cultural role. Therefore, it is essential to define and refer to the arguments coding in the social consciousness the fact that the large family in the Polish cultural ethos occupied a high position not only in the past, but it still constitutes a significant value which deserves recognition and support.
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Klymenko, Olena, Svіtlana Salnikova i Serhii Dembitskyi. "Соціальна травма vs несприятливий досвід дитинства українських дітей вимушених мігрантів". Sociological Studios, nr 1(24) (26.06.2024): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2306-3971-2024-01-32-32.
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The purpose of the article is to study the key problems that Ukrainian children of forced migrants face and experience events of this nature, which are classified as social trauma. The authors reflect on studies focused on migrant children and emphasize taking into account the conditions under which this migration took place, namely: forced spontaneous migration as a result of Russia's military aggression against Ukraine. Considering the scale of forced migration of Ukrainians both in terms of number and prevalence, the increase in the number of social problems caused by migration is an important factor in social transformations in Ukraine and EU countries. The authors emphasize the fact that migrant children go through a unique experience that affects their childhood, provoking the emergence of the “social cryptomnesia” phenomenon and requiring the mobilization of adaptive resources. Aspects of children's application of old social practices in new (sometimes existential) socio-cultural conditions are highlighted separately, which complicates the process of adaptation, integration and acculturation. The authors analyse the traumatic impact on socialization of such negative phenomena as stigmatization, cultural shock, and ethnic dissociation. The research results presented in the article confirm the high level of traumatic experiences of children of forced migrants who survived shelling, life in shelters, occupation, filtration camps, poverty, hunger, etc. It is important to study adaptation resources that help children adapt to new living conditions.
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Pérez-Ardanaz, Bibiana, María José Peláez-Cantero, José Miguel Morales-Asencio, Concepción Vellido-González, Alberto Gómez-González, Álvaro León-Campos i Laura Gutiérrez-Rodríguez. "Socioeconomic Factors and Quality of Life Perceived by Parents and Children with Complex Chronic Conditions in Spain". Children 8, nr 10 (17.10.2021): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8100931.
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Health-related quality of life of children with complex chronic conditions could be affected by sociodemographic factors. Most studies focus exclusively on the parents’ perceptions of quality of life. This study aimed to determine the health-related quality of life of these children, according to their parents and the children themselves. A cross-sectional study was developed on children aged over five years with complex chronic conditions. Health-related quality of life, educational attainment, and social status were evaluated. A total of 101 children were included with a mean age of 10.48 years, and 35.6% were female. The most frequent disease was oncological (28.7%). Children perceived a better health-related quality of life, compared to their parents’ assessment: median difference −8.4 (95%CI: −9.2 to −3.8). Moreover, differences were observed by socioeconomic factors. Parents and children with complex chronic conditions perceive differently the health-related quality of life. Social determinants associate with an uneven perceived quality of life.
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Edwards, Anne, i Apostol Apostolov. "A Cultural-Historical Interpretation of Resilience: the implications for practice". Outlines. Critical Practice Studies 9, nr 1 (16.04.2007): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ocps.v9i1.2087.
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Recent attempts at preventing the social exclusion of vulnerable children in England have been driven by notions of resilience which centre primarily on changing children so that they may be better able to cope with adversity. Drawing on the concepts of Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT), we suggest that the idea of resilience should be expanded to include developing a capacity to act on and reshape the social conditions of one’s development. We use evidence from two studies of practices in recent re-configurations of children’s services in England to examine whether practitioners are seeing resilience in these terms. We present examples of work which embody these views but suggest that they are not easily incorporated into practices where expertise is centred on care and clear communication. The care and communication model of practice reflects the emphases given to evolutionary notions of child development while a CHAT view of resilience reflects Vygotsky’s concerns with a dialectic between individuals and the social situations of their development.
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Perazzo, Matheus França, Paulo Antônio Martins-Júnior, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Flávio Freitas Mattos, Isabela Almeida Pordeus i Saul Martins Paiva. "Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life of Pre-School Children: Review and Perspectives for New Instruments". Brazilian Dental Journal 31, nr 6 (listopad 2020): 568–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202003871.
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Abstract This study aimed to describe different approaches for the evaluation of the Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of preschool children and to discuss perspectives for future instruments. The OHRQoL is a concept that surpasses an exclusively clinical perception and includes functional, social, emotional, and environmental issues. The measure of OHRQoL represents a holistic approach for researchers and clinicians extending their visions beyond the mouth and understanding the entire context of the patient. Negative impacts of oral conditions on OHRQoL in childhood can reflect on health development, especially in a life stage marked by social and cognitive maturation. Instruments have been developed and cross-culturally adapted to evaluate the impact of oral conditions on the OHRQoL of preschool children and their families. Some features distinguish these instruments and influence their selection, such as: self- or proxy-report; generic- or specific-condition; long- or short-form, and less or more established used in literature. Moreover, theoretical framework, construct validation and availability should also be considered. Nine OHRQoL instruments for preschool children were included in the present literature review. They were created between 2003 and 2017 by developed countries in most cases. The shorter instrument has five items, and the larger has 31 items. Most of them are proxy-reported, generic-condition, and have been relatively well established in the literature. The diversity of instruments indicates the evolution of OHRQoL studies, but there are methodological issues still in need to be improved in future developments or cross-cultural adaptations, according to current psychometric evidence.
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Golinowska, Stanisława. "ON THE POSSIBILITIES AND CONDITIONS FOR EFFECTIVE DEINSTITIONALIZATION OF CARE SERVICES". Polityka Społeczna 25T, nr 2 (tematyczny) (31.12.2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.1740.
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This article is intended to provide an insight into the first steps in the process of deinstitutionalisation of social services for dependent people in Poland, who have so far lived in traditional residential institutions. This was based on participation in a qualitative study by IPiSS as part of a pilot on the implementation of mechanisms and plans for deinstitutionalisation of social services. The main aim of the article is to formulate conclusions with reference to similar deinstitutionalisation processes in other, mainly European, countries on the basis of evaluation studies. This is a selective review, for two reasons. It deals only with the four groups of dependants with the highest levels of formal residential care: (a) children, (b) people with disabilities, (c) people with mental disorders and (d) the elderly. It also focuses particularly on the economic and management determinants of the actions taken that make them effective.The findings of this review highlight that successful denationalisation tends to be a costly process and involves people with greater capacity to live independently outside the institution. Moreover, when it is done in those local conditions where access to resources is easier: infrastructure, housing, financial and human resources, and local authorities have an adequate and long-term plan of action and a coordinating institution. All in all, deinstitutionalisation is a process of re-institutionalisation; existing care institutions are transformed, but only a certain proportion of residents take up independent living in their environment.
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Andreeva, Yulia Valentinovna, i Alla Kerimovna Polianina. "Stressogenicity of Media Noise in the Conditions of Background Media Consumption". International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 9 (21.10.2021): 1740–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2020.09.197.
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The authors of the paper present for the first time the concept of media noise in the living space of modern children; they also introduce the concept of media noise as forced media consumption in a background (backdrop) format, and consumption in parallel with the main activity (foreground). The stressful effect of the operation of screens and players in the background on people in this space, and the impact of the inclusion of children in a continuous media stream are assessed. It is noted that pervasive media increase the potential of psycho-emotional impact through trance methods of exposure affecting the cognitive, affective and behavioural sphere of individuals, and this forces them to consume information, burden the information space of children, and qualitatively change the social situation of their development. The paper presents the findings concerning pilot studies of the media noise phenomenon and the state of media noise. The existence of a relationship between various parameters of forced background media consumption is shown; the main situations of background media consumption, as well as the reasons for the independent media noise initiation and its duration, are given. The aggravated negative impact of background media consumption in connection with the new life realities of mankind during the period of total immersion in the media space is noted; the last is caused by the need for social distance.
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Tettamanti, Marco. "A research program in neuroimaging for an evolutionary theory of syntax". Language and Cognition 5, nr 2-3 (wrzesień 2013): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/langcog-2013-0010.
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AbstractThe Mirror System Hypothesis of Michael Arbib (2012), with respect to the cultural evolutionary origins of syntactic structure, allows to make a set of predictions about the neural mechanisms that govern the processing of modern human languages. Neuroimaging techniques may be employed to test these predictions and inform an evolutionary theory of language syntax. In this commentary, I will argue that future neuroimaging research needs in particular to: i) clarify whether linear sequential versus non-linear hierarchical structure differentially depend on mirror neurons as opposed to higher-order heteromodal cortices; ii) challenge current neuroscientific evidence on multilingualism: as it stands, syntactic processing appears to be mediated by the same neural mechanisms across languages, independently of cross-linguistic idiosyncrasies; iii) devise longitudinal studies of grammar acquisition in newborns and children; iv) recreate in the laboratory nearly-ecological conditions for the emergence of syntactic constructions through cultural and social interaction, and exploit the “experiment of nature” of pidgin and creole languages.
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Rahmatullah, Azam Syukur, Fitriah M. Suud i Khamim Zarkasih Putro. "Moral Upbringing of Children in The Minahasa Tribe of Manado (Phenomenological Studies)". QALAMUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Agama 15, nr 2 (1.08.2023): 591–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v15i2.2784.
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The moral degradation of children has recently been found to reflect the quality of upbringing from low-income families. Furthermore, wrong parenting can have an impact on causing understanding in children to be negative, so they tend not to be enthusiastic about pursuing their goals. This incident can also occur as a result of the parenting style applied by his parents not paying attention to moral decay taken from the local culture. The family is the first environment that impacts various elements of children's growth and development, especially their social growth. Procedures and conditions in the family are suitable environments for social children. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the role of Muslim parents of the Minahasa Tribe, Manado, in educating children's morals in Islamic minority communities with a local cultural approach. The research method uses phenomenological study methods with a qualitative approach. Based on the results of the study, researchers found that local culture-based moral education in the formation of children's character/morals in the Tomohon area, Minahasa became one of the concerns of more than the government and even the community and parents to be able to maintain and preserve a valuable character education process from ancient times so that the current generation can understand the value of manners, mutual respect, respect for parents is critical to forming attitudes and moral. Moral education based on local cultural values in the formation of children's character/morals in Tomohon, Minahasa has a very drastic value from parents past and present to educate their children. This is what makes children open to each other by considering parents as friends in discussing problems in the family.
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Tonnsen, Bridgette L., Svetlana V. Shinkareva, Sara C. Deal, Deborah D. Hatton i Jane E. Roberts. "Biobehavioral Indicators of Social Fear in Young Children With Fragile X Syndrome". American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 118, nr 6 (1.11.2013): 447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-118.6.447.
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Abstract Anxiety is among the most impairing conditions associated with Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and is putatively linked to atypical physiological arousal. However, few studies have examined this association in young children with FXS. The authors examined whether patterns of arousal and behavior during an experimental stranger approach paradigm differ between a cross-sectional sample of 21 young children with FXS and 19 controls (12–58 months old). Groups did not differ in mean levels of behavioral fear. Unlike the control group, however, the FXS group demonstrated increased facial fear at older ages, as well as age-dependent changes in associations between heart activity and distress vocalizations. These findings may inform theoretical models of anxiety etiology in FXS and early detection efforts.
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Marcus, Michelle I. "Incorporating the Body: Adornment, Gender, and Social Identity in Ancient Iran". Cambridge Archaeological Journal 3, nr 2 (październik 1993): 157–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774300000822.
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Drawing on literature on social group identity, this article explores the possible meaning of the so-called lion pins from Hasanlu, Iran (c. 800 BC). The discussion raises the possibility that the Hasanlu pins served as highly visible emblems of within-group cohesion with respect to outsiders, while at the same time reinforcing hierarchies within Hasanlu society. The lion pins are examined in the light of other unusual types of pins from elsewhere in western Iran, and in the context of the specific historical conditions facing the region in the early first millennium BC. The analysis also explores the possible role of women and children in marking and reinforcing social boundaries; and the potential use of personal ornaments in attempts to clarify social roles and relations in archaeology.
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Pérez-Ardanaz, Bibiana, María José Peláez-Cantero, María González-Cano-Caballero, Laura Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Alberto José Gómez-González, Inmaculada Lupiáñez-Pérez, José Miguel Morales-Asencio i José Carlos Canca-Sánchez. "Utilization of Parallel Resources and Sociodemographic Factors in Treating Children with Complex Chronic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study". Children 8, nr 11 (28.10.2021): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8110973.
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Background: Children with complex chronic conditions have a high need for health and social care resources. Many parents explore parallel resources such as alternative therapies, associations, psychological support, private medical consultations, and other out-of-pocket expenses for healthcare. The use of these alternative health resources is sometimes unclear and may lead to health inequalities. To characterize the use made of alternative healthcare resources for children with complex chronic conditions. Additionally, we evaluate the influence of sociodemographic factors on the distribution of this utilization of resources; (2) Methods: Cross-sectional study. Children with complex chronic diseases were treated at a tertiary hospital in Granada, Spain in 2016. We analyzed their use of healthcare resources and socioeconomic variables. This research complies with STROBE guidelines for observational studies; (3) Results: In total, 265 children were analyzed (mean age 7.3 years, SD 4.63). A total of 105 children (39.6%) attended private consultations with specialists, and 12.1% (n = 32) of the children had additional private health insurance. One out three parents belonged to a mutual support association (n = 78), and 26% (n = 69) of the children used alternative therapies. Furthermore, 75.4% (n = 199) of the children received no psychological support. Children whose parents had a higher educational level and occupations status made greater use of parallel healthcare resources.; (4) Conclusions: A significant proportion of children used multiple health resources in addition to the public healthcare system depending on sociodemographic determinants. Studies are needed to determine whether the use of these alternative services achieves better levels of health.
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Dolghi, Adrian. "Nutrition of children in orphanages in the Moldavian SSR (1944–1947)". Journal of Ethnology and Culturology 30 (grudzień 2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/rec.2021.30.03.
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In this article, we elucidate the problem of providing food products to orphanages in the Moldavian SSR in the years 1944–1947. The research found that the expansion of the orphanage network in the MSSR in the post-war years was due to the social policy of reducing the number of wandering and orphaned children suffering from hunger. The number of orphanages increased during the famine, and gradually decreased after its overcoming. The controls carried out by the authorities in the field of education and healthcare found serious gaps in the process of providing food to orphanages, irregularities in the management of products and even abuse of staff towards children. These realities aggravated the situation of children in orphanages, who were affected by the difficult family situation, famine and precarious conditions in institutions. Survivors’ testimonies show that most of the orphans who were taken to orphanages were rescued from starvation, and in some cases, when taken by relatives for maintenance, they died. The archive documents, but also the testimonies of the survivors show that the difficult situation of the children in the post-war years, the starvation, the vagrancy, the increase in the number of orphaned children, etc. were a consequence of the totalitarian politics and the irresponsibility of the local authorities.
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Bendaoud, Imene, i Faustin Armel Etindele Sosso. "Socioeconomic Position and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: A Systematic Review of Social Epidemiological Studies". Clocks & Sleep 4, nr 2 (16.05.2022): 240–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep4020022.
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The objectives of this empirical study are to describe and discuss the current literature available on the relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and the socioeconomic position (SEP) as well as to provide recommendations for consideration of SEP in sleep medicine and biomedical research. Databases Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Google scholar and Scopus were screened from January 1990 to December 2020 using PRISMA guidelines and 20 articles were included in the final synthesis. Nineteen studies were cross-sectional and one study was longitudinal. Among these studies, 25.00% (n = 5) are focused on children and adolescent and the remaining 75.00% (n = 15) focused on adults and seniors. Ages ranged from 8 to 18 years old for children/adolescent and ranged from 18 to 102 years old for adults. Main SEP measures presented in these studies were education, income, perceived socioeconomic status and employment. The sample size in these studies varied from N = 90 participants to N = 33,865 participants. Overall, a lower educational level, a lower income and full-time employment were associated with EDS. Symptoms of EDS are prevalent in women, especially those with a low income or no job; and children and adolescents with difficult living conditions or working part time reported more sleep disturbances. SEP is already considered as an important determinant for many health outcomes, but if SEP is embedded in the experimental design in psychosomatic research, biomedical research and clinical practice as a constant variable regardless of outcome; it will move forward future investigations.
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DOERFEL-BAASEN, DOROTHEE, i HELLGARD RAUH. "Parents and Teachers of Young Children Under Conditions of Sociopolitical Change". American Behavioral Scientist 44, nr 11 (lipiec 2001): 1818–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027640121958177.
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Rohrbach, Philipp. "Life Stories of Children of Black US Occupation Soldiers and Austrian Women". Journal of Austrian Studies 56, nr 4 (grudzień 2023): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/oas.2023.a914876.
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Abstract: This article focuses on a key chapter of contemporary Black Austrian history, namely the life stories of those individuals who were born to Black US soldiers and White Austrian women between 1945 and 1956. It offers a brief overview of the social conditions in which these persons were born, discussing how the mothers met the fathers, the conditions in which the children grew up, and their often long and difficult search for a usable identity. In the concluding section the article briefly surveys the work conducted in the field to date in order to discern the lacunae that require attention in future research.
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Waller, Amy, Monica Lakhanpaul, Samuel Godfrey i Priti Parikh. "Multiple and complex links between babyWASH and stunting: an evidence synthesis". Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, nr 4 (10.11.2020): 786–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.265.
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Abstract Studies have shown linkages between water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and stunting in children under 2 years in sub-Saharan Africa. WASH interventions have been shown to reduce stunting rates; however, the biological mechanisms and socio-economic influences responsible for this trend remain poorly understood. This paper reviews the literature regarding these links, and the efficacy of both general WASH interventions and those targeted at children in their first 1,000 days, known as babyWASH, for stunting reduction. Fifty-nine papers published between 2008 and 2019 were reviewed, retrieved from Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science databases, comprising field trials and data analysis, and literature and systematic reviews. Key findings showed that stunting is directly attributed to diarrhoea, environmental enteric dysfunction and undernutrition although a more comprehensive understanding of these biological mechanisms is necessary. Interventions to interrupt the faecal transmission cycle proved to effectively reduce stunting rates, particularly improved sanitation facilities to reduce open defaecation, increased proximity to water and widespread behavioural change. Methodologies should move away from randomised controlled trials towards selected contexts, mixed data collection methods and inclusion of broader social, cultural and environmental conditions. Improved cross-sectoral collaboration is encouraged, particularly to ensure the complexity of social and contextual factors is fully considered.
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Parra, Gilson, Claudio Leone Jr i Renata M. M. Pimentel. "Transmission of moral values between generations of families in conditions of social and economic vulnerability". Journal of Human Growth and Development 33, nr 2 (14.08.2023): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/jhgd.v33.14752.
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Introduction: this study analysed the transmission of values between generations in groups of people in unfavourable economic and social conditions. It was carried out with grandparents, their children, and their grandchildren who are residents of a peripheral neighbourhood of the capital of São Paulo and live in restricted economic conditions and under the daily impact of violence. The study sought to determine how the passage of values between generations is processed, in view of the exposure to conditions of deprivation to which these people are subjected, while they carry the obligation to ensure the minimum for their children but do not have the necessary resources. This raises the question of how it is possible to affirm a notion of right and wrong within this social framework. The theoretical basis of this study was psychoanalysis, using the concepts of Identification, Ego Ideal, Ideal Ego, Oedipus, and the dynamics underlying the insertion of the father in the Oedipal triad. Methods: interviews were conducted through group meetings to discuss issues related to morals. These discussions involved the three generational components of three families. Different arrangements were made that involved the same generational group in an initial meeting and, in another meeting, the mixture of different generations and different families responding to pre-established themes that involved moral dilemmas focused on the daily cultural and social life of these families. Results: the grandfathers were ambiguous because they have a reference to a law of morals transcending space and time. Parents, realising the ambiguity of these grandparents in relation to reality, reformulate these moral questions, basing their convictions on a law that is established within the contingencies of everyday life and, therefore, changeable. The adolescent grandchildren perceive this ambiguity in the parents and in their speech. Conclusion: There is greater identification of moral standards among grandchildren and grandparents than between children and parents. The interviewed parents were ambiguous in the way they act and speak, with the transgenerational reproduction model being more guided between grandchildren and grandparents than in the sequential temporal generational sequence.
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Medvedeva, Elena, Oksana Prikhodko, Zhanna Zhuravleva i Anna Pavlova. "On the issue of additional education for children with special healthcare needs and disabilities in the system of lifelong inclusive education". SHS Web of Conferences 70 (2019): 10009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20197010009.
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This article is devoted to one of the most important tasks in the education of children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN) and disabilities to ensure the access to additional learning in various fields: artistic education, natural science, social and pedagogical training, sports and cultural branch, tourist and regional studies, technical studies. The issues of creating special conditions (material, technical, organizational, personnel, curriculum and methodological ones) in institutions of additional education are considered. Two options for organizing additional education for children with special needs and disabilities are presented (in accordance with the criterion for the presence or absence of a conclusion of the Psychological, Medical and Pedagogical Commission − PMPC). Unresolved issues in the field of additional education of children with developmental disorders are described.
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Padilla, Yolanda C., Melissa Dalton Radey, Robert A. Hummer i Eunjeong Kim. "The Living Conditions of U.S.-Born Children of Mexican Immigrants in Unmarried Families". Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 28, nr 3 (sierpień 2006): 331–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986306290367.
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Muhamedrahimov, R. "Attachment In Young Children In Different Periods Of Russian Society". Psikhologicheskii zhurnal 43, nr 4 (2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020595920021477-0.
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Studies of attachment in different countries indicate negative changes in the distribution of attachment patterns in social risk children, as well as cultural differences in attachment distribution that emphasize the importance of socio-economic conditions in the formation of family life and parenting models. The current study compares the distribution of attachment patterns obtained in three studies of young children conducted in 1989 and 2017–2018, before and after a period of deep socio-economic and political crisis in Russian society, and in 1999 – early 2000s by the end of this period. In each study attachment quality was assessed in the Strange Situation. Results show that the distribution of attachment patterns in young Russian children corresponds to the “standard” distribution in studies of 1989 and 2017-2018, and indicates the significantly lower rates of secure attachment and higher rates of resistant and disorganized attachment in the study of 1999 – early 2000s. These results support the need of the positive socio-economic conditions in society favorably affecting the stability and security of family life and supporting the formation by young children the organized attachment and increase the rate of security.
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Aghaziarati, Ali, i Sara Nejatifar. "Emotional Development and Regulation in Children: A Review of Recent Advances". KMAN Counseling and Psychology Nexus 1, nr 1 (2023): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/kman.psychnexus.1.1.13.
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The article aims to explore the complexities of emotional development and regulation in children, emphasizing the impact of various factors including familial, educational, cultural, and technological influences. It seeks to understand how these elements contribute to children's emotional competence and socioemotional adjustment. This review synthesizes recent research findings from interdisciplinary studies, employing a comprehensive analysis of literature that spans psychology, education, and digital technology. It includes observational studies, experimental research, and qualitative analyses to provide a broad overview of the field. Key findings highlight the significance of emotional competence in socioemotional development, the role of caregivers and educators in shaping emotional regulation, the influence of cultural and environmental factors, and the potential of digital technologies in supporting emotional learning. It also discusses challenges in emotional regulation faced by children with developmental conditions. The article concludes that emotional development and regulation are influenced by a dynamic interplay of individual, social, and technological factors. It calls for a multidisciplinary approach to research and practice, emphasizing the need for innovative, inclusive interventions that support the emotional well-being of children across different contexts.
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PECHKUROV, D. V., i A. A. TYAZHEVA. "Health status and quality of life of children with chronic diarrhea". Practical medicine 22, nr 1 (2024): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32000/2072-1757-2024-1-77-83.
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The purpose — to comprehensively assess the health status of children and adolescents with chronic diarrhea and the impact of chronic diarrhea on quality of life indicators. Material and methods. 466 children were examined. The main group consisted of 240 children with chronic diarrhea aged from 1 month to 18 years (average age 7.3 ± 5.3 years). The comparison group consisted of 226 children of health groups 1-2 without chronic diarrhea (average age 6.9 ± 4.6 years). The exclusion criteria were newborn period, children with chronic pathology during decompensation period, severe somatic pathology. Clinical and anamnestic research methods were used: parents’ questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, system analysis of the child’s medical documentation, general clinical research methods. The quality of life was assessed in children over 2 years of age using the PedsQL4.0™ general questionnaire. Results. Children with chronic diarrhea are 3 times more likely to have allergic pathology, significantly more likely to develop deficient conditions — rickets and latent iron deficiency. When analyzing the degree of resistance in the study groups, it was revealed that children with chronic diarrhea are significantly more likely to have lower body resistance indicators. When assessing the state of the colon microflora, it was found that an excessive growth of opportunistic flora is much more common among the children of the main group. It was also found that children with chronic diarrhea at an early age are most susceptible to a decrease in body mass index. Children of the main group have low indicators of quality of life in terms of physical functioning and experience difficulties in the social sphere in the form of low communication with peers and a decrease in school performance. Conclusion. Children suffering from chronic diarrhea under dispensary supervision need additional correction of trace elements, nutritional support and prevention of acute respiratory diseases. It is important to assess the physical development of children suffering from chronic diarrhea more often for timely diagnosis of abnormalities.
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Hati, Getar. "Social Marketing Approach: A Strategy to Improve the Quality of Children's Health in Communities". Asian Social Work Journal 4, nr 2 (19.03.2019): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/aswj.v4i2.90.
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This article describes children health’s issue as primary need to achieve their basic rights. In general, children are vulnerable to get nutrition inadequacy because they tend to consume unhealthy foods. Healthy food is a basic right that must be fulfilled to support children’s growth and development. I examined two research areas identified that the problem of children in consuming unhealthy foods does not always related to the family poverty problem. This article also describes the conditions in the poor communities in North Jakarta and the intermediate community in Depok, use descriptive studies. The findings showed that children’s behavior in consuming unhealthy food was due to several factors, including lack of knowledge and skills of parents or caregivers and also negative support from the social environment around children. In addition, cultural change and dynamic information technology development has greatly affected the children consumption habit. This article discusses the process description in implementing communication strategies applied for those two research areas which have different characteristics through the social marketing approach. This approach emphasizes the development of the role of all elements in the community and the intervention strategies applied in each area of the study.
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Visković, Ivana, Andriana Marušić i Jelena Topić. "Children at risk of social exclusion in the early and preschool education and care system". Školski vjesnik 72, nr 2 (2023): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.38003/sv.72.2.13.
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Children at risk of social exclusion (RSI) are more than average exposed to the risk of violation of their socio-emotional and psycho-physical integrity. The term includes children with challenging developmental and/or psychophysical status, exposed to inappropriate conditions in which they grew up, children in families of minority cultural identity. Exposure to RSI is associated with below-average educational outcomes, lower socio-emotional competencies, psychological difficulties, and antisocial/or addictive behaviours.Earlier studies found that 7 to 10% of preschool children are in RSI. Research in Croatia shows that 21.1% of preschool children are in one RSI, while 13.2% of children are in two or more RSI (http://morenec.ufzg.hr/). Children’s involvement in early childhood education and care (ECEC) stands out as an instrument for the prevention of educational poverty and one of the predictors of children’s well-being. Involvement alone is not enough, and the quality of the ECEC system and the process are more important indicators of well-being. Unfortunately, only 30% of ECEC institutions have a standardised child risk assessment procedure and organised support for children and families. Only 20% of ECEC teachers estimate that they are educated for (some) forms of support for children in RSI.
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Grzybowski, Przemysław P., i Katarzyna Marszałek. "Skauting i harcerstwo a idea międzykulturowości i edukacji w warunkach zróżnicowania kulturowego". Edukacja Międzykulturowa 22, nr 3 (2023): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/em.2023.03.13.
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The Scout and Polish Scouting movement is characterized by the possibility of meeting and cooperation of people from different backgrounds and cultures. A natural thing for this social movement is daily confrontation with Otherness/ Alienness in conditions of cultural diversity and undertaking various forms of educational activity based on the idea of interculturalism. The study presents some partial results of a research project devoted to the content referring to the idea of interculturalism and education in the conditions of cultural diversity, present in the program studies of the scouting movement. These studies contribute to the historical trend of intercultural pedagogy and the history of education in the context of ideological assumptions and activities of children and youth organizations. The article contains a description of the applied conceptual categories and the characteristics of the precursors and the contemporary scouting movement. In a chronological order, it presents a selection of examples of the content of scouting program studies that are related to the idea of interculturalism and intercultural education.
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Pestel, Friedemann. "Educating against Revolution: French Émigré Schools and the Challenge of the Next Generation". European History Quarterly 47, nr 2 (kwiecień 2017): 229–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691416688164.
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The education of children as future elites after the Restoration was a persistent concern for French émigrés after the Revolution of 1789. Focusing on discourse on émigré education and émigré schools in Britain and the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, this article examines how, in the 1790s, the émigrés' rejection of the Republic and their quest for monarchical restoration resonated in pedagogical activities. Under difficult living conditions and unclear prospects of political exile, education became a consolidating strategy of combating the Revolution with pedagogical means. The social composition, educational programmes, and public representations of émigré schools reveal their pivotal role in émigré community life, involving priests, women, writers, politicians, local supporters – and children. Comparison between Britain and the Holy Roman Empire allows for differentiating strategies of integration into the host societies and of immunization against revolutionary influences. Education contributed to strengthening the émigrés' identity and mobilizing their hosts for the ideological, military, and humanitarian struggle against the Revolution. The students' later careers call for reconsidering experiences of exile education among the elites of Napoleonic and Restoration France.
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Khukhlaev, O. E., E. R. Khakimov i A. E. Fomicheva. "Studies on Academic Resilience of Migrant Children: Analysis and Prospects". Cultural-Historical Psychology 17, nr 4 (2021): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2021170413.
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This article aims to analyze foreign and Russian studies on the academic resilience of migrant children. It provides the main definitions of the concept and discusses the existing methods of measuring academic resilience, their possibilities and limitations, and prospects for further research. Subjective and objective criteria for identifying "academically resilient" students are analyzed. Various factors influencing the manifestation of resilience by migrant children are considered. It is shown that the presence of external support, combined with the ability to ask for it and to accept it, has a positive effect on academic achievements. At the same time, such internal factors as self-efficacy, assertiveness, internal locus of control, high motivation and ambitious goals make a significant contribution to ensuring high academic performance even under unfavorable living conditions of a migrant child.
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Boulanger, Dany. "Continuity of Learning in Discontinuous Conditions: Children Experience of Transition in Irreversible Time". Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science 52, nr 3 (12.05.2018): 409–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12124-018-9430-1.
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Morgunova, N. L., A. A. Faizullin, O. Y. Chechyotkina i M. B. Mednikova. "Bioarchaeology of Childhood in the Yamnaya Culture, Based on Kurgan 1 at Boldyrevo-4, the Southern Urals". Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 50, nr 2 (30.06.2022): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2022.50.2.049-059.
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Archaeological and anthropological data concerning two children’s burials representing the early horizon at Boldyrevo-4 kurgan 1, Orenburg Region, excavated in 2019–2020, are presented. Early mounds were covered by a huge kurgan above another, later burial of adults. The entire complex was built by the Yamnaya people at the turn of the early and middle stages of this culture, about 3300–3100 cal BC. Remains of three children, aged about 6, from two graves, were examined. Severe pathological conditions were discovered. The child from burial 3 died of metastatic cancer. Child 1 from burial 4, represented only by a cranium, possibly suffered from scurvy. The oncological condition may have been triggered by a long stay at a smoky hearth or proximity to a metalworking site, since the Yamnaya population of the Southern Urals was engaged in an intense exploitation of copper deposits. In both children’s burials, common elements of the Yamnaya funerary rite were accompanied by certain unusual features. Vessels were similar in form and decoration, but different in manufacturing technique. The organic substances of which the mats under the skeletons were made display certain differences. These features suggest that children belonged to related but separate groups. Children buried under early mounds apparently had a special inherited social status that had an effect on the further construction of the kurgan for members of the elite.
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Yudina, T. A., i S. V. Alekhina. "Age Dynamics of Social Situation of Development in Elementary School Students in Inclusive Education". Cultural-Historical Psychology 17, nr 3 (2021): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2021170317.
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The article presents results of an empirical study of the age dynamics of the social situation of develop¬ment in primary school students in inclusive education. The study sample consisted of 328 children aged from 7 to 11, including 18 children with SEN, studying in two inclusive schools in Moscow. The hypothesis of the study was that the characteristics of the objective and subjective aspects of the social situation of chil¬dren’s development change in accordance with the two phases of primary school age. The characteristics of the social situation of the development of children were measured using the “Sociometry” method and two projective methods: “Color Test of Relationship” and “Sentence Completion Test”. The age dynamics is ob¬served in changes in the social position and the system of orienting images of primary school students. The significant differences between the distribution of sociometric statuses of students in inclusive classes and the age standard obtained in the conditions of traditional education were found. The results of the study reveal the specificity of elementary school students’ development in conditions of inclusive education.
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Lázaro, João Abilo, Clélia Peretti i Jaci De Fátima Souza Candiotto. "Vulnerabilidade da mulher em meio à insurgência militar no norte de Moçambique | Women's vulnerability amidst the military insurgency in northern Mozambique". Caderno Teológico da PUCPR 6, nr 1 (15.12.2021): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/2318-8065.06.01.p92-105.
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No presente artigo, objetiva-se descrever a situação de violação sexual de mulheres e crianças, por insurgentes, em Cabo Delgado, Moçambique, desde 2017. A insurgência é complexa e alimentada por fatores internos, sobretudo éticos e sociais. Busca-se analisar as condições de vulnerabilidade das mulheres obrigadas a viverem nos locais de insurgência militar, no norte de Moçambique, na Província de Cabo Delgado. O artigo: 1) apresenta uma breve descrição do contexto em que se instala o conflito, os desafios dos deslocados, as condições de vulnerabilidade das mulheres e crianças nas zonas do conflito, as estratégias utilizadas pelos insurgentes para causar medo e pânico na população e impor um governo fundamentado na lei islâmica; 2) discorre sobre as ações humanitárias realizadas pela Diocese de Pemba, organizações governamentais e não-governamentais e organismos internacionais; 3) reflete sobre a necessidade de justiça e solidariedade como um dever comunitário na busca pela paz e de resolução dos conflitos; 4) Enfatiza que o bem, a justiça e a solidariedade são importantes para garantir o inalienável direito de dignidade da pessoa humana; 5) destaca a importância do resgate dos direitos individuais e sociais das mulheres e crianças violentadas, bem como o resgate de suas narrativas. In this article, the objective is to describe the situation of sexual violation of women and children, by insurgents, in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique, since 2017. The insurgency is complex and fueled by internal factors, above all ethical and social. It seeks to analyze the conditions of the vulnerability of women forced to live in places of military insurgency, in northern Mozambique, in Cabo Delgado Province. The article: 1) Presents a brief description of the context in which the conflict takes place, the challenges of the displaced, the vulnerable conditions of women and children in the conflict zones, the strategies used by insurgents to cause fear and panic in the population and to impose a government based on Islamic law; 2) discusses the humanitarian actions carried out by the Diocese of Pemba, governmental and non-governmental organizations, and international organizations: 3) reflects on the need for justice and solidarity as a community duty in the search for peace and conflict resolution; 4) Emphasizes that goodness, justice and solidarity are important to guarantee the inalienable right to dignity of the human person; 5) highlights the importance of rescuing the individual and social rights of abused women and children, as well as rescuing their narratives.
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Dyomin, Oleg, i Sofronios Paradeisopoulos. "Infant mortality in the Greek community of Odessa (1860–1920)". JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY AND CULTUROLOGY 31 (2022): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/rec.2022.31.05.
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The article examines infant mortality – the mortality of children aged from 0 to 364 days in the Greek community of Odessa during the period from 1860 to 1920. It aims at the demographic analysis of infant mortality in the Greek population of Odessa that, in general, involves the discussion of statistical figures demonstrating the development of the phenomenon in question including trends, frequency, seasonality and social structure of infant mortality. The work is based on data derived from the records of birth registers of the Greek Church of the Holy Trinity in Odessa. It addresses a number of demographic characteristics such as the seasonality of infant deaths, times of their peaks, the causes of deaths, and the social belonging of the deceased. In particular, the highest mortality rate in the 60-year period is observed during the winter and summer months. This shows the regional urban specificity, where the peaks of the deaths clearly reflect the living conditions in Odessa. The infant mortality rate in Odessa appears not very high when compared to that in other cities of Europe and Russia. This indicates a quite favorable situation in the urban environment of the time. The prevalence of mortality among boys, both in the perinatal and postnatal ages, is indicative, and the percentage of the latter age group continued to increase at the expense of boys. The high percentage of the church funeral services for the Greek children of formally foreign subjects emphasizes the complex composition of the Greek population of Odessa and, at the same time, the economic activity of the townspeople.
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MAKOVETSKAYA, G. A., L. I. MAZUR, M. V. KURSHINA i S. N. RESHETOVA. "Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in children — reality and paradoxes. Literature review". Practical medicine 21, nr 4 (2023): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32000/2072-1757-2023-4-16-22.
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Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is an immune-mediated disease associated with nephritogenic strains of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. The epidemiology of APSGN varies in different countries, due to the influence of social, racial, demographic, and climatic conditions. In the modern spectrum of progressive diseases, APSGN occupies a modest place, yielding to other immune glomerulopathies. The prevalence rate has been declining in recent decades due to the decrease in pyoderma, however, it remains endemic to the French Polynesians and Australian Aborigines. The review defines the features of the immunological processes of this disease: nephritogens were identified at the site of the formation of immune complexes (streptococcal plasmin receptor and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B). An assessment of the clinical profile of patients with APSGN (mostly asymptomatic course with a self-limiting (self-limiting) outcome) was carried out. The role of genomic surveillance in tracking potential markers of APSGN is emphasized. Risk factors for the development of kidney damage were identified — hypoalbuminemia, hypocomplementemia, and an increase in inflammatory markers. The paper considers the factors that determine the prognosis in patients, presents the main approaches to treatment (predominantly symptomatic therapy, with the exception of severe and atypical cases of the disease). It is concluded that APSGN remains one of the reasons for the development of AKI in different countries of the world. The article gives recommendations on long-term follow-up of children after APSGN. The purpose is to analyze the prevalence and identify the factors contributing to OPSGN; to determine the specifics of the disease immunological processes of the (immunocomplexity, autoimmunity); to evaluate the clinical profile, diagnostic methods and features of OPSGN treatment; to discuss the possible progression of the disease and whether PSGN is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
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Puspitaloka Mahadewi, Erlina, Suryari Purnama, Fachmi Tamzil, Intan Silviana Mustikawati, Mohamad Reza Hilmy i Dwi Nurmawaty. "Family Communication Literacy Education and Social Marketing in Health Center West Java Indonesia". International Journal Of Community Service 3, nr 3 (31.08.2023): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51601/ijcs.v3i3.204.
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The present study reports study after pandemic era for family communication literacy and social marketing activities carried out by cadres in promoting the Kenanga Depok posyandu program, in West Java, Indonesia. Posyandu which is a form of Community-Based Health Efforts is managed and organized by, for, and with the community. In the context of carrying out health development, by empowering the community and providing opportunities for the community to receive basic health services. It has a goal to reduce maternal and child mortality. Becomes interesting to describe the social marketing activities of posyandu cadres as the spearhead of the national health program. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method and data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews. Theories used in this study include health communication theory and social marketing. Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained from posyandu documents and research notes during field observations. The results of this study indicate that posyandu cadres use health promotion strategies that are persuasive, educative, and innovative. This persuasive effort is shown through the intensive mentoring strategies and direct socialization styles according to the target context. Posyandu cadres also involve experts from the puskesmas and the community to play an active role in improving the quality of the posyandu program in their environment. As for the educational aspect, it is shown by the efforts of posyandu cadres which lead to the empowerment of posyandu participants in paying attention to the growth and development of children. The conclusion is that the posyandu program carried out by the cadres is in accordance with real conditions to create changes in the behavior of the posyandu participating community through communication literacy education activities in the family and social marketing that are persuasive, educative, and innovative.
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Kononenko, Oksana, i Anzhelika Grigoraschenko. "PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES ADAPTATIONS OF CHILDREN IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR AND EMIGRATION". Psychology and Social Work, nr 1-2(55-56) (2.09.2023): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2707-0409.2022.1-2.286668.
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The article notes that, despite a fairly wide study, the problem of researching the peculiarities of the psychological adaptation of emigrant children in modern conditions is gaining special relevance due to the war that is currently ongoing in Ukraine. Migration processes lead to the emergence of a whole set of problems, which are characterized by a certain specificity and require their immediate and detailed solution. In psychological science, the problem of adaptation of refugees and forced migrants has become widespread, but despite a fairly wide study, the problem of researching the peculiarities of the psychological adaptation of immigrant children in modern conditions is gaining special relevance. The purpose of the article is to conduct a theoretical and empirical study of the psychological features of children's adaptation in the conditions of war and emigration. Adaptation of immigrant children to the conditions of a new country depends on various factors, such as age, gender, previous experience of international mobility, level of support from relatives and social environment. Based on the conducted research, it is worth coming to the conclusion that the adaptation of children in conditions of emigration is a complex process that requires special attention and approach. Studies have shown that immigrant children have their own unique psychological characteristics associated with a change in environment, cultural context, and language situation. It is important to develop methodological approaches and tools to study and support the adaptation of these children, providing them with psychological support and resources for successful integration. A comparative analysis of emigrant children and children studying on the territory of Ukraine allows to understand the specifics of their development, to identify similar and different factors of adaptation that can be used to build effective programs and approaches in the field of education and psychological support .
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Medvedeva, Elena, i Sergey Kroshilin. "Modern childhood and socioeconomic challenges". Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia 17, nr 3 (24.09.2021): 358–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2021.17.3.6.
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Modern childhood depends on various processes that are formed under the influence of emerging trends around the world: political, social, economic, cultural, demographic, information. Today, global challenges and trends affect many factors that affect childhood. The economic, social, and political development of the country is largely determined by the «quality» (health, education, social adaptation, upbringing) of the younger generation. A lot depends on the system of social values and guidelines, morality and spirituality, and the cultural level. The very concept of «childhood» is analyzed in many foreign and domestic works, studied in various studies, state support programs. However, this problem requires a comprehensive solution. Under the influence of modern conditions: information saturation and accessibility, googling of consciousness, changes in family relations, social and economic problems, health, and a pandemic – it becomes impossible to replicate, as before, the parental experience «in its pure form». This article presents the results of research conducted according to the author's methods: the study of issues of marriage and family relations, health and a healthy lifestyle, the attitude of children and youth to information and communication technologies. All these studies studied the attitude of children and young people to modern problems of society. The methods and tools used have been tested, and the results of the author's research are presented not only at various conferences but also in the Government of the Moscow Region at a meeting of the Coordinating Council for Improving the Demographic Situation in the Ministry of Defense under the Ministry of Social Development. These results help to understand exactly what socio-economic problems exist now and may arise in the future in this field. This is extremely important, since it is in childhood that the foundations of the future personality are laid, the upbringing and formation of a person – the future individual of society-takes place. Complex research of childhood, evaluation of its quality and potential helps to make competent and effective state decisions
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Tomaszewski, Piotr, Piotr Krzysztofiak i Ewelina Moroń. "From Sign Language to Spoken Language? A New Discourse of Language Development in Deaf Children". Psychology of Language and Communication 23, nr 1 (1.01.2019): 48–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plc-2019-0004.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to show shifts in the language development of deaf and hard of hearing children over the last 30 years. The paper presents an overview of Western and Polish studies on education and language development in deaf children in terms of psycholinguistics. Perceptions of the perceptual and cognitive capabilities of such children must be subject to revision and continual methodological reflection due to rapidly changing variables, such as technological progress, social and cultural conditions of primary socialization and the aims of deaf education. Now that an increasing number of deaf children undergo cochlear implantation, and digital hearing aids can provide 70-75 dB of gain, thus enabling the children to spontaneously develop speech, many of them function in a bimodal environment of the sign and the speech. However, they perform at different levels of educational and developmental success. This paper elucidates the issues of language flexibility in and heterogenization of children using hearing aids or implants on a daily basis.
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Lee, Jung-Ah, Eunae Ju, Julie Kim, Eilleen Sabino-Laughlin i Seunghye Hong. "HIGHER STRESS AMONG ETHNIC MINORITY ADULT-CHILD CAREGIVERS COMPARED TO SPOUSAL CAREGIVERS IN DEMENTIA CARE". Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (1.12.2023): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1387.
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Abstract Ethnic minority family caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD) suffer from negative health conditions resulting from continuous care responsibility for PWD. While adult-child caregivers have additional family care and job responsibilities, cultural and linguistic needs in ethnic minority families further compound caregiving challenges. Little research examines ethnic minority caregivers’ health statuses. This study aimed to understand the emotional health status and dementia care experiences of minority caregivers, between spouses and adult-children. The study collected cross-sectional survey data on perceived stress and utilizations of caregiving resources: Alzheimer’s agencies, state-funded in-home supportive service, adult-day service, support groups, and caregiving education. Recruitment focused on diverse communities with special emphasis on minority caregivers who speak Spanish, Vietnamese, or Korean in California. Seventy-six caregivers participated in surveys in their respective language; 42% Korean, 38% Vietnamese, 20% Spanish; 49% spouses/partners vs 51% adult-children/grandchildren; 78% females; 55% PWD with Medicaid; Mean English Proficiency (EP) of 3/5(1.3). Sixty-four percent of adult-child caregivers were employed (full-time or part-time) compared to 5% of spousal caregivers (P<.05). Adult-child caregivers showed higher stress compared to spousal caregivers (P<.05) despite no differences in PWD’s activities of daily living (ADL) scores and instrumental ADL scores. Although EP of adult-child caregivers was higher than spousal caregivers (P<.05), both caregivers underutilized care resources and showed little awareness of Alzheimer’s agencies. Findings demonstrated higher caregiving stress of adult-child caregivers compared to spousal caregivers of PWD among minority groups. Tailored interventions with appropriate language and cultural aspects should consider the caregiver’s relationship to the PWD.
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Favieri, Francesca, Andrea Marini i Maria Casagrande. "Emotional Regulation and Overeating Behaviors in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review". Behavioral Sciences 11, nr 1 (19.01.2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs11010011.
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The worldwide prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased, mostly in children and adolescents. The Emotional Eating theoretical model has proposed that the failure in emotional regulation could represent a risk factor for establishing maladaptive overeating behavior that represents an inadequate response to negative emotions and allows increasing body-weight. This systematic review investigates the relationship between overeating and both emotional regulation and emotional intelligence in childhood and adolescence, considering both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Moreover, another goal of the review is evaluating whether emotional regulation and emotional intelligence can cause overeating behaviors. The systematic search was conducted according to the PRISMA-statement in the databases Medline, PsychArtcles, PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences, and allows 484 records to be extracted. Twenty-six studies were selected according to inclusion (e.g., studies focused on children and adolescents without clinical conditions; groups of participants overweight or with obesity) and exclusion (e.g., studies that adopted qualitative assessment or cognitive-affective tasks to measure emotional variables; reviews, commentary, or brief reports) criteria detailed in the methods. Cross-sectional studies showed a negative association between emotional regulation and overeating behavior that was confirmed by longitudinal studies. These findings highlighted the role of maladaptive emotion regulation on overeating and being overweight. The relationship between these constructs in children and adolescents was consistent. The results indicated the complexity of this association, which would be influenced by many physiological, psychological, and social factors. These findings underline the need for further studies focused on emotion regulation in the development of overeating. They should analyze the mediation role of other variables (e.g., attachment style, peer pressure) and identify interventions to prevent and reduce worldwide overweight prevalence.
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Rzhanova, Irina E., Olga S. Alekseeva, Anna Ya Boldyreva, Anastasia Yu Nikolaeva i Yulia A. Burdukova. "Verbal Abilities: Sex Differences in Children at Different Ages". Psychology in Russia: State of the Art 16, nr 2 (2023): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/pir.2023.0202.
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Background. The assertion of sex differences in verbal abilities is a highly controversial subject. Some studies have demonstrated a female advantage; other studies have found higher rates in males. The results depended on the type of verbal ability that was studied, the cultural context, and the ages of the subjects. There are two types of theories that have been developed to explain the existence of sex differences in cognitive abilities. Social theories explain the differences as caused by social determinants. Biological theories consider biological factors such as prenatal development conditions and hormone levels, among others, as the cause of sex differences. Objective. To investigate sex differences in verbal abilities in children of different ages. Design. Two different editions of Wechsler tests were used. For children age 2.5 to 5 years, the Wechsler Preschool Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-IV) was used. For children age 6 and older, we administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V). The total sample included 313 children. Results. The study found significant sex differences in performance on the Verbal Comprehension Scale in children of different ages. At the age of 2 to 4 years, the girls performed better than the boys. In the group of boys, there was a significant increase in verbal abilities at the age of 8–9 years. By the age of 10–11 years, boys began outperforming girls on the Verbal Comprehension Index. Scores on the Verbal Comprehension and Visual Spatial subtests for the boy sample showed stronger correlations than in the girl sample in all age groups. Conclusion. Sex differences in verbal abilities varied depending on the age of the children. The boys showed a stronger integration of their verbal abilities into the structure of their intelligence than the girls.
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Song, Yosung, i Justin Freedman. "Childhood Experiences of North Korean Refugees at the Intersection of Disability and Refugee Status". Canadian Journal of Children's Rights / Revue canadienne des droits des enfants 6, nr 1 (8.11.2019): 100–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/cjcr.v6i1.2201.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine how the intersection of disability and refugee is experienced by North Korean refugees during their childhood. A Critical Disability Studies theoretical framework is used to understand the interplay of social and embodied aspects of disability within the conditions faced by North Korean refugees across multiple borders and contexts. Data is reported from interviews with two teachers and eight young adults and students about their childhood experiences before, during, and after their journey to relocate in South Korea. We report findings of the violence that North Korean refugee children and adolescents experience and the structural, political, economic, and cultural conditions that shape North Korean refugee children’s access to rights, such as health care and education. Further, we highlight how identities, such as gender and ethnicity, impact the embodied experiences of North Korean refugee children, and their relationship to multiple nation-states.
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Vrijen, Charlotte, Mégane Alice Ackermans, Anna Bosma i Tina Kretschmer. "Reward Responsiveness, Optimism, and Social and Mental Functioning in Children Aged 6-7: Protocol of a Cross-Sectional Pilot Study". JMIR Research Protocols 9, nr 9 (24.09.2020): e18902. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18902.
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Background There is evidence that reward responsiveness and optimism are associated with mental and social functioning in adolescence and adulthood, but it is unknown if this is also the case for young children. Part of the reason for this gap in the literature is that the instruments that are used to assess reward responsiveness and optimism in adolescents and adults are usually not suitable for young children. Objective Two behavioral tasks to assess reward learning, a questionnaire on reward responsiveness, and a questionnaire on optimism/pessimism will be tested on their feasibility and reliability in children aged 6-7. Depending on their feasibility and reliability, these instruments will also be used to investigate if reward responsiveness and optimism are associated with mental and social functioning in young children. Methods For this cross-sectional pilot study, we adapted a number of tasks and questionnaires to the needs of 6-7-year-old children, by simplification of items, oral rather than written assessment, and reducing the number of conditions and items. We will approach teachers and, with their help, aim to include 70 children aged 6-7 to assess the feasibility and reliability of the tasks and questionnaires. Feasibility measures that will be reported are the proportion of children completing the task/questionnaire, the proportion of children that were able to explain the instructions in their own words to the researcher, and the proportion of children that correctly answered the control questions. The reliability of the scales will be assessed by computing Cronbach α and item-total score correlations and the reliability of the tasks by correlations between different consecutive blocks of trials. Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Department of Pedagogy and Educational Sciences. Results Data collection was originally planned in March and April 2020, but has been postponed due to Corona virus regulations. We expect to collect the data in the first half of 2021. The findings will be disseminated in preprints and peer-reviewed publications. Conclusions The development of feasible and reliable instruments for assessing reward responsiveness and optimism in young children is expected to benefit future research on underlying mechanisms of mental and social functioning in young children. If the instruments assessed in this study are usable with young children, it would be particularly interesting to include them in cohort studies because this would enable investigating not only concurrent associations, but also prospective associations between reward responsiveness and optimism early in life and mental and social functioning later in life. If, as we hypothesize, reward responsiveness and optimism are not only associated with (prospective) mental and social functioning in adults and adolescents but also in young children, this could provide a way of identifying vulnerable children already at an early stage. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/18902
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Agustian, Jaka Farih, i Budi Irawanto. "STUDI RESEPSI MANTAN ANAK JALANAN TERHADAP FILM ALANGKAH LUCUNYA NEGERI INI". Capture : Jurnal Seni Media Rekam 9, nr 2 (27.07.2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33153/capture.v9i2.2106.
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<p>Social problems in the aspect of street children in Indonesia is still difficult to solve. The Data 2017 issued by the Minister of Social Khofifah Indar Parawansa said there are 4.1 million Indonesian children who are displaced and need protection. Thus, various media attempts to provide criticisms about social conditions in Indonesia, especially through the construction of street children's films. Film of Alangkah Lucunya Negeri Ini describes social problems of street children happening in Indonesia. This study aims to explain how the reception of exformer street children in watching the film Alangkah Lucunya Negeri Ini using the method of reception proposed by Stuart Hall, namely the concept of dominant hegemony, negotiation, and opposition. The results show that informant receptions arise due to different social and cultural dimensions in life as street children in the past. The informants also made the film Alangkah Lucunya Negeri Ini as reflection based on life experience. Thus, the presence of the film gives negative stigma of street children in social relations of society. Scene of film also brings the informant to feel the pleasure of watching that is expressed through both entertaining and emotional forms. Meanwhile, audience also responded activelly to the construction of street children films in social, educational, and religious discourse. Informants who are in the dominant code express their interest in film programs motivated by behavior and social experience as street children. While informants who are in a negotiating position try to be adaptive in adjusting the message in the film, but also have an attitude of opposition as a form of rejection. While the informants who placed themselves in the opposition expressed a different attitude to the construction offered in the film program. There is an element of discomfort with the presence of street children movies in their lives.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Reception studies, social film of street children, exformer street children, audience active</p>