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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Children – social conditions – cross-cultural studies"
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Barrett, H. Clark, Stephen Laurence i Eric Margolis. "Artifacts and Original Intent: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on the Design Stance". Journal of Cognition and Culture 8, nr 1-2 (2008): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156770908x289189.
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AbstractHow do people decide what category an artifact belongs to? Previous studies have suggested that adults and, to some degree, children, categorize artifacts in accordance with the design stance, a categorization system which privileges the designer's original intent in making categorization judgments. However, these studies have all been conducted in Western, technologically advanced societies, where artifacts are mass produced. In this study, we examined intuitions about artifact categorization among the Shuar, a hunter-horticulturalist society in the Amazon region of Ecuador. We used a forced-choice method similar to previous studies, but unlike these studies, our scenarios involved artifacts that would be familiar to the Shuar. We also incorporated a community condition to examine the possible effect of community consensus on how artifacts are categorized. The same scenarios were presented to university student participants in the UK. Across populations and conditions, participants tended to categorize artifacts in terms of a creator's intent as opposed to a differing current use. This lends support to the view that the design stance may be a universal feature of human cognition. However, we conclude with some thoughts on the limitations of the present method for studying artifact concepts.
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Junida, Dwi Surti, i Inayatul Mutmainnah. "CHALLENGES IN CARE OF CHILDREN IN CORRUPTION CASES: ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS". Multifinance 1, nr 3 (28.03.2024): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.61397/mfc.v1i3.114.
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Studies regarding the care of prisoners' children always involve the psychological problems that arise. So far, the existing findings do not examine the socio-economic perspective in the practice of caring for the children of prisoners. This research is important to do to find out how the family is able to organize itself. For support parenting children, what about stigma and discrimination to family prisoner influence methods they educate children their relationships with neighbors and community around impact on his upbringing and what his condition is like social economy influence parenting child prisoner? This research uses qualitative methods with in-depth interviews and participant observation, using case studies on families of corruption case inmates at Class 1 Correctional Institutions (Lapas) in Makassar City. Using an ethnographic approach with case studies through descriptive analysis of social structure, family structure, social support, and the impact of socio-economic conditions of prisoners on child care in terms of finances, education, employment, and economic support, which influence the ability of prisoner parents to provide adequate attention and care, worthy of their children. Researchers found that socioeconomic conditions play an important role in the upbringing of prisoners' children. Challenges in access to education and health services, economic limitations in providing care, and the impact of social stigma are important aspects that need to be considered in helping prisoners' families provide quality care for their children. By understanding the impact of these social and economic factors, it is hoped that this research can provide deeper insight and support in designing appropriate interventions to improve the quality of care for prisoners' children in families with limited socio-economic conditions.
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Al-Zubairi, Lutf M., Adel A. Al-Emad, Mabrook Bin Mohanna i Tawfik H. Al-Bada’ani. "Prevalence of Nocturnal Enuresis among Schoolchildren in Sana’a City, Yemen". Yemeni Journal for Medical Sciences 12, nr 1 (12.11.2018): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20428/yjms.v12i1.1361.
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Objective: To estimate the prevalence, frequency and time of nocturnal enuresis (NE) among primary schoolchildren in Sana’a city, Yemen.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study was conducted among 2689 schoolchildren in the primary schools of four randomly selected districts in Sana’a city in the period from September 2012 to December 2013. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, frequency, time, psycho-social effects and the factors possibly associated with NE among children were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.
Results: The overall prevalence of NE was 11.2%, which was significantly higher among males than females (13.0% vs. 10.0%, respectively; P = 0.044) and decreased significantly with increasing age (P <0.001). More than half of children (55.3%) in Sana’a city had the habits of drinking excess fluids and tea at night and/or deep sleeping. Of physical and health disorders, difficulty in breathing and urinary tract infections were the two most frequent conditions among children with NE, being observed among 29.6% and 23.9% of cases, respectively. However, urogenital anomalies and mental retardation were the least frequent conditions in children with NE, being observed among 5.8% and 1.3% of cases, respectively. On the other hand, marital problems (24.8%) and arrival of a new baby (17.9%) were the most frequently observed social conditions among children with NE, while death in the family (8.5%) and parental separation (6.0%) were the least frequently observed conditions.
Conclusions: NE is prevalent among 11.2% of schoolchildren in Sana’a city with a significantly higher, though slight, rate among males. This rate is lower than the rates reported from Aden and Mukalla cities in the country and from Saudi Arabia and Turkey. However, it is higher than those reported from Iran and Malaysia. About a third of children experience nightly NE, whereas the lowest proportion of children experience NE twice a month. The habits of drinking excess fluid and tea at night and/or deep sleeping, the disorders of difficulty in breathing and urinary tract infections and the social conditions of marital problems and arrival of a new baby are the most frequent observations among children with NE in Sana’a city.
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De Rose, Alessandra, i Giuseppina Guagnano. "Having Children in Europe: The Role of Social Capital". Review of European Studies 15, nr 1 (1.03.2023): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v15n1p24.
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We explore the role of social capital in explaining reproductive behaviour and its differences among the European countries. We adopt a comprehensive concept of social capital that combines several elementary indicators and estimate its impact on the probability of having a first or a further child among reproductive-age women currently in a partnership union. We cluster countries in four groups and discuss the results in terms of different welfare state regimes. Data come from the 2014 EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions survey (N=15,735) which we analysed through a generalized ordered logit model. Our findings support the hypothesis that women who can count on higher level of social capital show higher chance to give birth to a baby and this holds both for each country group and for Europe as a whole. By showing the importance of operationalize a complex and multivariate definition of social capital we contributed to the debate about its relationship with individual reproductive behaviour.
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Slobodin, Ortal, i Rafik Masalha. "Challenges in ADHD care for ethnic minority children: A review of the current literature". Transcultural Psychiatry 57, nr 3 (31.03.2020): 468–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461520902885.
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While attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been extensively studied in the past decades, the role of social and cultural practices in its assessment, diagnosis, and treatment has been often overlooked. This selective review provides an overview of research that explores social and cultural influences on help-seeking behavior in ethnic minority children with ADHD. Studies were selected that address cultural diversity in three areas of ADHD help-seeking: problem recognition, access to mental health services, and treatment. Special attention was given to studies of treatment selection and adherence in minority groups. Findings suggested that cultural disparities in ADHD care among ethnic minority children occur in the early stages of problem recognition, through service selection, and in the quality of treatment. Ethnic minority children were less likely than their nonminority counterparts to be diagnosed with ADHD and its comorbid conditions and less likely to be prescribed and adhere to stimulant drug treatment. These differences reflect cultural diversity in norms and attitudes towards mental health issues (e.g., fear of social stigma) as well as limited access to qualified health care. Paradoxically, cultural, racial, and language bias may also lead to the overidentification of ethnic minority children as disabled and to higher ratings of ADHD symptoms. This review highlights the importance of sociocultural factors in understanding developmental psychopathology and help-seeking behavior. In addition, it further supports calls for increasing cultural competence in communications during clinical assessment, diagnosis, and treatment in minority communities. Clinical, theoretical, and methodological considerations for future research are discussed.
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Veraksa, N. E., N. N. Veresov i V. L. Sukhikh. "Cultural Actions In The Play Of Preschool Children". Cultural-Historical Psychology 19, nr 1 (26.04.2023): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2023190108.
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<p>The article is devoted to the analysis of the key mechanisms of children's development in the play – the correlation of cultural actions and the conditions of their formation that arise in the process of children's play. A detailed analysis of the concepts of "situation" and "normative situation" is given. According to L.S. Vygotsky, a special role in children’s play is assigned to the imaginary situation, which determines the subjective nature of children's activity, and directs it to the development of the semantic side of actions due to the specifics of the imaginary situation. In other words, conditions are created in preschool childhood both for mastering normative action and for establishing an attitude to normative action. This is possible due to the presence of two spaces: culture and the space of an imaginary situation. Within these spaces, cultural artifacts themselves are mastered and a subjective attitude to various aspects of cultural objects is generated. The relevance of the theoretical analysis of the mechanisms of development in the play is due to the growing interest in the play as a means of purposeful development and education of preschool children.</p>
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Wawro, Franciszka Wanda. "The Large Family in Contemporary Conditions". Pedagogika Rodziny 5, nr 2 (1.06.2015): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fampe-2015-0013.
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Abstract In the Polish cultural ethos, the family as a value seems to have an established high position. It is also confirmed by current numerous studies focused mainly on the young generation, which show that for young people the family constitutes a value of the highest priority. It could be presumed, therefore, that the present socio-cultural climate is favourable for the family and enables it to perform its various functions, including the care and cultural function. It also concerns the large family, which in the Polish tradition used to be considered as a beneficial educational environment, or even a kind of a social force. However, in the modern society, which in its definition seems to be a declaration of high quality standards, mainly in terms of developmental chances of all its subjects, the large family has found itself in a specifically difficult situation. The reason behind it is, above all, the fact that having a large number of children is socially ostracized in various ways. If the value of the large family is not only not appreciated socially, but even discredited, then the consequences of such a state of affairs will become apparent in numerous spheres of social life. Most often, it is reflected in the basic decisions in the area of social policy, unfavourable towards large families. For such families it might imply the necessity of engaging in even an extreme struggle for survival in the sphere of everyday existence; even more so when it comes to decent conditions of performing its tasks and its socio-cultural role. Therefore, it is essential to define and refer to the arguments coding in the social consciousness the fact that the large family in the Polish cultural ethos occupied a high position not only in the past, but it still constitutes a significant value which deserves recognition and support.
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Klymenko, Olena, Svіtlana Salnikova i Serhii Dembitskyi. "Соціальна травма vs несприятливий досвід дитинства українських дітей вимушених мігрантів". Sociological Studios, nr 1(24) (26.06.2024): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2306-3971-2024-01-32-32.
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The purpose of the article is to study the key problems that Ukrainian children of forced migrants face and experience events of this nature, which are classified as social trauma. The authors reflect on studies focused on migrant children and emphasize taking into account the conditions under which this migration took place, namely: forced spontaneous migration as a result of Russia's military aggression against Ukraine. Considering the scale of forced migration of Ukrainians both in terms of number and prevalence, the increase in the number of social problems caused by migration is an important factor in social transformations in Ukraine and EU countries. The authors emphasize the fact that migrant children go through a unique experience that affects their childhood, provoking the emergence of the “social cryptomnesia” phenomenon and requiring the mobilization of adaptive resources. Aspects of children's application of old social practices in new (sometimes existential) socio-cultural conditions are highlighted separately, which complicates the process of adaptation, integration and acculturation. The authors analyse the traumatic impact on socialization of such negative phenomena as stigmatization, cultural shock, and ethnic dissociation. The research results presented in the article confirm the high level of traumatic experiences of children of forced migrants who survived shelling, life in shelters, occupation, filtration camps, poverty, hunger, etc. It is important to study adaptation resources that help children adapt to new living conditions.
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Pérez-Ardanaz, Bibiana, María José Peláez-Cantero, José Miguel Morales-Asencio, Concepción Vellido-González, Alberto Gómez-González, Álvaro León-Campos i Laura Gutiérrez-Rodríguez. "Socioeconomic Factors and Quality of Life Perceived by Parents and Children with Complex Chronic Conditions in Spain". Children 8, nr 10 (17.10.2021): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8100931.
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Health-related quality of life of children with complex chronic conditions could be affected by sociodemographic factors. Most studies focus exclusively on the parents’ perceptions of quality of life. This study aimed to determine the health-related quality of life of these children, according to their parents and the children themselves. A cross-sectional study was developed on children aged over five years with complex chronic conditions. Health-related quality of life, educational attainment, and social status were evaluated. A total of 101 children were included with a mean age of 10.48 years, and 35.6% were female. The most frequent disease was oncological (28.7%). Children perceived a better health-related quality of life, compared to their parents’ assessment: median difference −8.4 (95%CI: −9.2 to −3.8). Moreover, differences were observed by socioeconomic factors. Parents and children with complex chronic conditions perceive differently the health-related quality of life. Social determinants associate with an uneven perceived quality of life.
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Edwards, Anne, i Apostol Apostolov. "A Cultural-Historical Interpretation of Resilience: the implications for practice". Outlines. Critical Practice Studies 9, nr 1 (16.04.2007): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ocps.v9i1.2087.
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Recent attempts at preventing the social exclusion of vulnerable children in England have been driven by notions of resilience which centre primarily on changing children so that they may be better able to cope with adversity. Drawing on the concepts of Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT), we suggest that the idea of resilience should be expanded to include developing a capacity to act on and reshape the social conditions of one’s development. We use evidence from two studies of practices in recent re-configurations of children’s services in England to examine whether practitioners are seeing resilience in these terms. We present examples of work which embody these views but suggest that they are not easily incorporated into practices where expertise is centred on care and clear communication. The care and communication model of practice reflects the emphases given to evolutionary notions of child development while a CHAT view of resilience reflects Vygotsky’s concerns with a dialectic between individuals and the social situations of their development.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Children – social conditions – cross-cultural studies"
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Gupta, Meenakshi 1970. "Mothers' involvement in their children's education : a comparative study of mothers from Canada, India and Mexico". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36946.
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This cross-cultural inquiry focuses on the involvement of mothers in their children's education and the ways in which motherhood impacts the personal identities of mothers. The Second-wave feminism started thirty years ago and questioned the role and position of mothers in society. The objective of this movement was to free women from the exclusive responsibility of childcare. However, three decades later women are still the primary caregivers for their children. The study involves 36 middle-class mothers, 12 each from Canada, India and Mexico. Irrespective of their cultural backgrounds, these mothers participated actively in the domestic work related to childcare and in their children's schoolwork. Participants in this study expressed their views about intensive mothering and how they sought their personal identities from the work of mothering. The majority regarded motherhood as a unique and rewarding role, and wished to continue mothering despite the frustrations and stresses they experienced. The findings concerning the childcare strategies of mothers from Canada, India and Mexico highlight some cultural differences. These cultural differences also had an impact on how these mothers perceived their roles and identities.
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Lachman, Jamie Max. "Building a rondavel of support : the development and pilot randomised controlled trial of a parenting programme to reduce the risk of child maltreatment in low-income families with children aged three to eight years in South Africa". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7787ef3c-48f0-4e7f-b9eb-a959d5a50eaf.
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Background: In high-income countries, parenting programmes have been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of child maltreatment. However, there is limited evidence of their effectiveness in low- and middle-income countries. This thesis focuses on the development and pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a parenting programme to reduce the risk of child maltreatment in low-income families with young children in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: This thesis is comprised of three studies submitted as papers for publication. The first study focused on the development of an evidence-informed, locally relevant parenting programme for families with children aged three to eight years in Cape Town, South Africa. Intervention development took place over three stages: (a) identification of core intervention components common in evidence-based parenting programmes; (b) formative evaluation using qualitative in-depth interviews and semi-structured focus groups with South African practitioners and low-income parents; and (c) integration of evidence-based approaches and local contextual issues to develop the intervention structure, protocols, and manual. The second study used a pilot RCT (N = 68 parent-child dyads) to examine the evaluation feasibility and initial effects of the parenting programme developed during the first study in Cape Town - the Sinovuyo Caring Families Programme. Parents of children aged three to eight years with clinical levels of parent-reported child behaviour problems were randomly allocated to either a 12-session, group-based parenting programme or a wait-list control group. Primary outcomes included parent-report and observational assessments of positive parenting, harsh parenting, and child behaviour problems; secondary outcomes included parent-report of parent depression, parenting stress, and social support. Assessments occurred at baseline and immediate post-test (i.e., 3-months after baseline). The third study was a mixed-methods process evaluation assessing the feasibility of the parenting programme based on three theoretical dimensions: participation, implementation, and acceptability. Quantitative data included attendance registers, fidelity checklists, satisfaction surveys, and parent-report of engagement in home practice activities. Qualitative data included post-programme focus groups with community facilitators (n = 8), individual interviews with a randomly selected group of parents (n = 15), transcripts from parenting sessions, and minutes from supervision sessions with facilitators. Results: In the first study, the formative evaluation suggested that many evidence-based parenting programme components and approaches were compatible with the local cultural context. These included managing child behaviour problems, learning effective discipline strategies, building positive parent-child relationships, and reducing parenting stress. Findings also suggested that programmes may benefit from including additional content on keeping children safe in violent communities, communicating about HIV/AIDS and poverty, involving fathers and alternative caregivers, and incorporating cultural values of social responsibility and respect. The pilot RCT in the second study showed high levels of study recruitment and retention, outcome measurement reliability and response rates, and a minimal effect of clustering due to delivering the intervention in groups of parents. Analyses showed moderate intervention effects for parent-report of increased positive parenting and observations of improved child-led play. However, observational assessments also found reduced frequency of positive child behaviour in the treatment group in comparison to controls. In the third study, quantitative results showed high levels of programme acceptability, implementation, and participation. Thematic analysis of qualitative data identified seven themes related to feasibility: (a) receptivity to strengthening existing parenting practices, (b) initial resistance to new parenting skills, (c) contextualising content within a cultural framework, (d) reinforcing implementation fidelity and improving quality of delivery, (e) challenges delivering content on nonviolent discipline, (f) supporting participant involvement, and (g) engagement in a collaborative learning approach. Conclusion: This thesis is the first in sub-Saharan Africa to use a systematic approach to develop and rigorously pilot a parenting programme to reduce the risk of maltreatment against young children in low-resource settings. Initial results indicate that a parenting programme derived from evidence-based approaches is feasible, culturally acceptable, and has the potential to reduce the risk of child maltreatment by improving positive parenting behaviour. Further intervention development and testing is necessary to strengthen core programme components and determine programme effectiveness.
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Kozlova, Alexandra. "Family support for meeting the needs of families with children in Eastern Europe (Lithuania, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine)". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669818.
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Balda, Shanti. "Socialisation experiences and preschool-aged children's social problem solving skills in Australia and India : a cross-cultural study". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1997.
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The research reported in this thesis is an exploration of parental socialization beliefs and practices and preschool-aged children's social problem-solving skills in
Australia and India. The aims of the series of studies were to examine similarities and differences in the role of the family in preschool-aged children's peer experiences, social problem-solving skills of preschool-aged children and the relationship of parenting style and parental control to children's social problem solving
skills.
The research was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, data were collected in Brisbane, Australia. In Brisbane, 100 preschool-aged children and their
parents (100 mothers and 55 fathers) constituted the sample. In the second phase, data were collected in Hisar, India. In Hisar, 178 children and their parents (178
mothers and 149 fathers) participated in the research. In Brisbane, 55% of the children were male, and 45% were female; in India, 48.9% were male 51.1 % were
female. The mean age of the Australian children was 59 months, and that of Indian children, 65 months.
A questionnaire was compiled to gain information from the parents about a number of dimensions concerned with the socialisation of their children within the
family and with peers. The questionnaire enabled parents to provide information on parental socialisation beliefs and practices about friendship characteristics, arrangement of peer contacts and encouragement of social competence. In addition, the questionnaire also enabled parents to provide information on parental control and parental expectations for children's mature behaviour.
There were two versions of the parental questionnaire; one for the Australian sample and one for the Indian sample. For the Hisar study, the questionnaires were translated into Hindi, the national language of India. In Brisbane, parental data was collected through questionnaires. Mothers and fathers were requested to complete the questionnaires
independently. In Hisar, data was collected through interviews. Separate interviews were conducted with mothers and fathers. To assess the children's social problem-solving skills, in hypothetical situations six stories were used. Two stories were concerned with obtaining access to
an object in another child's possession and two stories were concerned with initiating :friendship with an unfamiliar child. Two stories were used to measure children's social problem-solving skills for avoiding the anger of their mothers.
The results of this study indicated that although Australian and Indian parents held similar beliefs about the importance of friendship characteristics, cultural differences reflecting cultural values were found to exist. Indian parents believed that their daughters' friends should be from a range of ages. Indian parents also placed more value on the intellect of their children's friends. Compared to Indian mothers, Indian fathers believed that it was important to know and like parents of children's friend's and also to help children to choose friends.
In both countries, parents believed that social skills were important for their children and they provided social experiences in order to develop children's social
competence and encouraged the development of friendships. Parents, in both countries, for example, expected their children to be friends with well mannered children.
The results indicated that, in comparison to Indian children, Australian children had fewer contacts with peers and they were more involved in organised
activities. Australian parents arranged social contacts and enrolled their children in organised activities to promote social competence. They helped their children to
initiate play sessions and to share toys with other children. In a conflict situation, parents provided their children a chance to settle the problem on their own,
intervened when risk was involved and discussed both sides of the problem with the children.
In contrast, Indian children's contacts with peers were numerous and occurred within the neighbourhood. The availability of a peer network provided an informal context for the development of peer relationships. Indian parents were less likely to help children start a play session, or to share toys with other children and they arranged fewer social contacts for their children. Where Indian parents did
intervene, for instance in children's quarrels, they used direct commands and strategies and imposed their own resolutions.
With regard to social problem-solving skills, a number of differences were found between Australian and Indian children in the solutions they provided to dilemmas associated with object acquisition, friendship initiation and avoidance of maternal anger. For object acquisition, Australian children suggested significantly
more pro-social strategies than Indian children, while Indian children suggested significantly more agonistic strategies and made appeals to authority to gain access
to an object in another child's possession. With regard to initiating friendship with an unfamiliar child, Indian children suggested a significantly higher number of
conversation openers than their Australian counterparts. Whereas Australian children were more likely to seek help from adults. In order to avoid maternal anger, Australian children suggested significantly more replacement and repair for the damaged object than Indian children. In contrast, Indian children were more likely to apologise and admit their mistake and also suggested significantly more
psychologically based strategies, for example, manipulate affect. It appears that children's experiences with peers and in the home may account for these cultural differences.
While parenting style was generally unrelated to children's social problem-solving strategies, in both Australia and India, types of parental control were found to relate to the use of particular social problem-solving strategies.
In Australia, the pattern of results was consistent with previous literature showing a positive association between firm control (paternal) and children's social competence. In this study, firm control (paternal) was positively associated with children achieving higher scores on social problem-solving, using direct strategies to initiate friendship, suggesting apology/truth solutions and being less likely to hide in maternal anger situations.
In India, while there was some support for the positive influence of firm control (maternal), generally findings were less consistent and appeared to reflect possible cultural differences in the perception and use of harsh control and the appropriateness of particular social problem-solving strategies in the Indian context.
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Lambert, Heather. "An ethnographic exploration of the relationship between women and development in Ghana". Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1217377.
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This study was an attempt to identify the relationship between women and non-governmental organizations in Ghana. It was conducted over a period of one year in the capital city of Accra. Ethnographic and feminist methodology were the framework for the fieldwork and text. Interviews, observations and discussions with aid workers and development recipients determined the perimeters and rendered meaning. Women dominated both sides of development and aid work in Ghana; however, there was limited interaction between them. Female recipients of development were not consulted regarding development projects and were not familiar with the scope and implications of international aid. Female development personnel from both Ghana and the United States were separated from the communities and people they worked for personally and professionally. The development workers did not consider consultation with female clients a necessity or an obligation. Both groups of women struggled to incorporate the concepts and implications of development into their situated reality.Department of Anthropology
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Matsumura, Shoichi. "A study of the second-language socialization of university-level students : a developmental pragmatics perspective". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0016/NQ56585.pdf.
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Choi, Sungkyu. "Cross-cultural attitudes toward deaf culture in a multi- and singular cultural society : a survey of residential school based teachers for the deaf who are deaf and hearing". Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/941571.
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During the past few years, Deaf culture has emerged as an important philosophy that could lead to a radical restructuring of Deaf education methods. The purpose of this study was to determine attitudes concerning Deaf culture from teachers of residential based schools for the Deaf who are Deaf and Hearing.Prior to initiating direct contact with the teachers, the superintendents or principals of the selected residential schools were contacted via mail, and their permission secured. In the United States, 279 teachers (69 teachers who are Deaf, 210 teachers who are Hearing) from seven midwest residential based schools for the Deaf and in South Korea 310 teachers (26 teachers who are Deaf, 284 teachers who are Hearing) from all eleven residential based schools for the Deaf participated.Two-factor ANOVA procedures with repeated measures on one factor were utilized to analyze the teachers' attitudes toward Deaf culture in America and South Korea from a 30-question survey using a five-point Likert scale.This study concluded that: (a) Deaf culture was a subculture in mainstream society whether it was a multi- or singular cultural society--although attitudes toward Deaf culture were accepted more negatively in a singular society than those in a multi-cultural society; (b) Deaf culture was accepted by teachers of schools for the Deaf who are Deaf more readily than those who are Hearing in both multi- or singular cultural societies; and (c) there was no significant correlation between attitudes of teachers who were employed at different levels of instruction, such as elementary and middle or secondary school.Department of Special Education
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Marinus, Chanel. "Female genital mutilation in Africa :what will encourage its discontinuation". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8783_1297850578.
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Between one hundred and one hundred and forty million young girls around the world have reportedly been subjected to some form of genital excision during 2005. Approximately three million young girls are at risk every year of undergoing this harmful procedure (WHO, 2008). Female genital mutilation is reported to occur, and is expected to continue occurring in twenty-eight African countries (London Safeguarding Children Board, 2007). This paper aims to firstly observe the levels of excision in Africa, and then highlight the underlying factors that encourage certain women to continue this dangerous ritual by analysing national datasets, such as the child info database, obtained form the United Nations Children&rsquo
s Fund. By calculating and comparing common indicators, the prevailing ones that dominate FGM appreciation can be further analysed. The final objective will be to suggest strategies that can be put in place to encourage the discontinuation of female genital cutting universally.
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Clifton, Naomi. "Women, work and family in England and France : a question of identity". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d39ca1d0-d8fc-4f54-aea3-fba3fd68e984.
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This thesis explores some of the individual attitudes and choices which may explain differing patterns in women's work in England and France. Women's work, however, cannot be considered outside the context of their family lives, and there exist important differences between England and France in terms of the structures in place to facilitate the combining of paid work and family commitments. It is proposed that these are related to broader social and economic structures which characterise the countries concerned, and the family and gender roles assumed by them. The question addressed, therefore, is the relationship between work identity and female identity. This is examined by comparing full-time working women, both single and with families, in the two countries. Since the question concerns meanings rather than frequencies, quantitative methods such as surveys are rejected in favour of a triangulated methodology combining repertory grid, Twenty Statements Test and in- depth interview. The results from each of these are reported separately. There is strong convergence within and clear differences between national groups, regardless of marital status. French and English groups are both committed to working, but this takes different forms in the two countries. The French women define themselves equally in terms of work, personal relationships and social lives, with relatively little conflict between them. For the English women, work identity comes first, there is more conflict between work and family roles and more tension in personal relationships. This may partly be accounted for by the English women's greater concern with career progression and personal advancement, which is more likely to conflict with family roles. The findings are related to broader issues of economic, social and family policy, historical factors, religious traditions and attitudes towards gender and equality. These themselves are seen as reflecting more general ideologies in the countries concerned. Finally, there is a consideration of questions raised by the study, and suggestions for further research.
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Mitchell, Dove Lakindra Michelle. "Got Hair that Flows in the Wind: The Complexity of Hair and Identity among African American Female Adolescents in Foster Care". PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2321.
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African American children are disproportionately over-represented in the child welfare system. Many of these children linger in the system and experience disconnection from their biological families, communities, cultural beliefs, values, and practices. Familial socialization and cultural exposure are essential to developing a positive ethnic identity and self-concept. For African American female adolescents, hair and hair care are critical areas for such socialization and support. This qualitative study explored the hair and hair care perceptions and experiences of African American female adolescents in foster care. The goal was to examine hair and hair's connection to, and influence on, sense of self and self-esteem for African American female adolescents in foster care.
Eleven African American female adolescents participated in individual interviews, and grounded theory was used to analyze the data. Four major themes emerged: hair care, perception of hair and identity as an African American female, societal influences on self-awareness, and influence of the foster care system. Results from the study indicated African American female adolescents in foster care identify hair as important. Participants noted hair is connected to appearance and shapes who they are and how they view themselves as African American females. Participants addressed the complexity of hair and politics associated with hair. The findings further emphasized the role of racial socialization and the importance of a supportive hair care environment. Participants also discussed their awareness of societal influences on their perception of African American women. They offered recommendations for improving the hair care experiences of African American children in foster care, for supporting positive development of identity and self-esteem, and for implementing standards of practice that will ensure these youths' cultural needs are addressed in the child welfare system.
Książki na temat "Children – social conditions – cross-cultural studies"
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1932-, LeVine Robert Alan, i New Rebecca Staples, red. Anthropology and child development: A cross-cultural reader. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2008.
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Colón, A. R. A history of children: A socio-cultural survey across millennia. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2001.
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1971-, Hörschelmann Kathrin, i Colls Rachel 1975-, red. Contested bodies of childhood and youth. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
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Keilman, Nico. Children and time: The Norwegian model. The Hague: Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, 2001.
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Keilman, Nico. Children and time: The Norwegian model. The Hague: Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, 2001.
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Wolfgang, Melzer, i Sünker Heinz, red. Wohl und Wehe der Kinder: Pädagogische Vermittlungen von Kindheitstheorie, Kinderleben und gesellschaftlichen Kindheitsbildern. Weinheim: Juventa, 1989.
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Tudge, Jonathan. The everyday lives of young children: Culture, class, and child-rearing in diverse societies. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
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Tranberg, Hansen Karen, i Dalsgaard Anne Line, red. Youth and the city in the global south. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008.
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Freysteinsdóttir, Freydís Jóna. Risk factors for repeated child maltreatment in Iceland: An ecological approach. Reykjavík: University of Iceland Press, 2005.
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Breiner, Sander J. Slaughter of the innocents: Child abuse through the ages and today. New York: Plenum Press, 1990.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Children – social conditions – cross-cultural studies"
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Khodayarifard, Mohammad, Reza Pourhosein, Shahla Pakdaman i Saeid Zandi. "Iranian Children’s Drawings of God: Demographic and Contextual Considerations". W When Children Draw Gods, 325–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94429-2_12.
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AbstractIn 2014, we collected more than 3000 drawings of God in Iran. Here we present the conditions for this collection and the results derived from it. We interpret our findings from the perspective of developmental psychology, and discuss them in terms of social, cultural, and contextual factors (media, formal and informal education). We consider God representation with regard to Iranian-Islamic culture. Additionally, we make a brief comparison between our findings, drawn from participants in Iran, and the findings of studies conducted in Western cultures. Finally, limitations of the study and future research directions are critically discussed.
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Lacunza, Ana Betina. "Social Skills of Children in Vulnerable Conditions in Northern Argentina". W Cross-Cultural Advancements in Positive Psychology, 213–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9035-2_12.
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Nicolau, Lurdes. "Roma at School: A Look at the Past and the Present. The Case of Portugal". W Social and Economic Vulnerability of Roma People, 153–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52588-0_10.
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AbstractThe schooling process has become more widespread among the Portuguese Roma population since 1974, with the end of the Estado Novo dictatorship and the establishment of democracy. Nevertheless, the Roma nomadism or semi-nomadism, financial shortcomings and the absence of social/cultural/family stimuli are some of the reasons that explain their low school attendance rates. Only in the last decades has such attendance increased, as a result of the implementation of several public policies, particularly of the Social Integration Income. This social policy, implemented in 1996, introduced important changes in this population, especially in areas such as schooling, personal hygiene, housing, health, or sedentism.Recent research has shown an increase in the educational level of the Roma population, but school dropouts and failure remain high. This tendency was also studied in the northeast of Portugal, in a PhD thesis about the relationships between the Roma and school. In the present research work, a qualitative methodology was adopted, using direct and participant observation, as well as interviews to some Roma parents and non-Roma teachers. Both groups emphasize the main difficulties of Roma children at school.The conclusions show that several factors affect these students’ schooling nowadays, especially poor housing conditions, parents’ illiteracy or low schooling, lack of daily study monitoring at home, absence of models in their environment, non-attendance of pre-school, and discrimination against them.
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Гладун, Татьяна. "ТЕОРЕТИЧНЕ ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ УМОВ РОЗВИТКУ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ ДІТЕЙ МОЛОДШОГО ШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ З АУТИЗМОМ В ІНКЛЮЗИВНОМУ ОСВІТНЬОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ ЗЗСО". W CROSS-CULTURAL STUDIES IN HIGHER SCHOOL PEDAGOGY, 458–77. OKTAN PRINT, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46489/ccsihsp-23-16.
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The article theoretically substantiates the socio-pedagogical conditions for the development of social competence of children of primary school age with autism in an inclusive educational environment. The need to develop the social competence of children of primary school age with autism in the conditions of inclusive education as a segment of the social orientation of the modernization of the Ukrainian education system is argued. The main studies and publications of domestic and foreign scientists devoted to the problem of the development of social 459 competence of children with autism are analyzed. The presentation of the main material was carried out through a conceptual analysis of the category «conditions» and its socio-pedagogical meaning and essence in the context of an inclusive educational environment. Three main socio-pedagogical conditions for the development of social competence of children with autism have been defined and characterized: involvement of the child in the inclusive environment of special educational institutions (in personally meaningful interaction with the microsociety); organization of individual socio-pedagogical support for younger schoolchildren with autism and their families during the work of the psychological service of SGSE; ensuring the process of education and upbringing of a child with autism in SGSE by means of modern innovative communication technologies.
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Vasylenko, Olena, i Alina Tupytsia. "PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE SOCIAL EDUCATORS FOR THE USE OF HEALTH CARE TECHNOLOGIES IN WORKING WITH PRESCHOOL CHILDREN". W CROSS-CULTURAL STUDIES IN HIGHER SCHOOL PEDAGOGY, 388–425. OKTAN PRINT, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46489/ccsihsp-23-14.
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The article presents the results of the implementation of pedagogical conditions in the process of training future social pedagogues for the use of health-saving technologies in working with preschoolers during a formative experiment in an experimental group. The following pedagogical conditions are substantiated: the first is the application of a reflexive-environmental approach to the selection of the content of such training for the formation of students of higher education holistic ideas about the essence, structure and social significance of the specialist's health-preserving activity and the basic principles of the technology of the corresponding activity in the health-preserving environment; the second is to ensure the subject position of future specialists in the use of health-preserving technologies in work with preschoolers through the use of situational pedagogy tools in the process of professional training, the introduction of interactive educational forms and methods; the third is to direct the educational potential of extracurricular activities to meet the individual needs of future specialists in aspects of health care, enriching their personal health care experience. It is noted that the organization of active and diverse extracurricular work with future social pedagogues has become a leading direction and a necessary condition for their assimilation of relevant knowledge, values, and development of qualities that ensure health-preserving behavior of a young person. Based on the analysis of the practical experience of training future social pedagogues for health-preserving activities in extracurricular forms of organizing student activity in the Municipal Establishment «Kharkiv Humanitarian-Pedagogical Academy» of Kharkiv Regional Council, the author of the article convinces of the need for further research into the extracurricular activities of students of higher education, as well as the direction of their potential on solving the health care problems of the young generation.
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Yung, Kristin. "Incorporating Cultural Context and Academic Perspectives in Developing Care for Children With Cerebral Palsy in China". W Multisector Insights in Healthcare, Social Sciences, Society, and Technology, 28–46. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3226-9.ch002.
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Cerebral palsy (CP) denotes a group of disorders that influence motor function and is often associated with conditions such as intellectual disability and hearing/vision problems. Currently, care for children with disabilities in China is heavily focused on “curing” and mitigating symptoms from a medical standpoint. However, treatment from this perspective severely limits the potential for rehabilitation because it excludes societal factors and interdisciplinary study from the narrative. Thus, it is important to identify how the effects of CP extend beyond the diagnosed individual, as research has demonstrated that the condition also influences caregivers and families financially, socially, and emotionally. This chapter will analyze the interdisciplinary nature of this topic by leveraging the fields of bioethics, disability studies, sociology, and psychology to explore cultural attitudes and stigma toward disability while developing a relevant framework for care institutions.
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Lamont, Alexandra. "Musical Identities And The School Environment". W Musical Identities, 41–59. Oxford University PressOxford, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198509325.003.0003.
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Abstract This chapter focuses on children’s developing musical identities and the ways in which these relate to the experiences that children have at school in terms of music. I begin by considering what we mean by musical identities and how they might develop, drawing on social psychological and socio-cultural approaches such as Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) ecological model of development. The perspectives of policy and practice concerning children’s involvement with music in England and Wales are reviewed. Research evidence is then presented to illustrate how children’s perceived musical identities develop over time and under different conditions. Studies are reviewed of children’s attitudes towards music in relation to their actual experiences with musical activities, both in and outside school.
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Steffan, Isabella Tiziana, Armando De Salvatore i Fulvio Matone. "Improving Accessibility and Usability in the Built Environment. Case Study: Guide Lines by the Lombardy Region, Italy". W Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti220850.
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Accessibility of the built environment, including open spaces, products and services, is essential for people with disabilities and people with special needs such as the elderly and children to access, move, use and enjoy the services and the urban spaces, exercise their rights and fully participate in social life. Local administrations can, and must, identify strategies and tools that are useful for achieving this goal, with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction. The case study of the “Lombardy Region Guidelines for Accessibility Plans” that each Municipality of the Region is required to draw up and implement will be illustrated. The Guidelines were drawn up in a very short time, promoting a participatory method, involving decision makers and stakeholders since the very beginning, and providing indications for building up Accessibility for All, inclusive and non-discriminatory. The founding concept was that of a City for All or of a “Plan for the accessibility and usability of the built environment, social inclusion and environmental well-being”. Considering the different characteristics, abilities, needs, conditions and preferences of people, this concept extends the recipients of the Plan to all citizens, as well as to occasional visitors such as tourists. They were approved by the Regional Council in November 2021. The approach adopted complied with the most recent normative, legislative and cultural indications, both national and international. Training courses have been scheduled for municipal officials, technicians and plan editors. Synergies have been established with universities and UNI, the Italian standardization body.
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Orobaton, Nosa. "Dimensions Of Sexuality Among Nigerian Men: Implications For Fertility And Reproductive Health". W Fertility and the Male Life-Cycle in the Era of Fertility Decline, 207–30. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198294443.003.0009.
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Abstract Recent studies of sexuality in Africa have tended to focus on women: their knowledge, attitudes, and contraceptive practices. Of late, with the spread of HIV/AIDS, more attention has turned to men, but with particular emphasis on their roles in, and knowledge of, sexually transmitted diseases. These studies typically confine their scope to measurable attributes such as the knowledge of respondents, medical risk factors, frequency of sexual intercourse, and number of children. These measures are useful proxies for describing general parameters of sexuality, but the conditions that surround their production frequently remain obscure. Researchers are paying increasing attention, for example, to young men’s quests for sexual gratification, especially in the era of AIDS. However, the factors and motives that shape the numerical measures reported in demographic studies often remain obscure. In the new domain of male fertility, qualitative studies may be of particular use. This is particularly important in the area of sexuality, where the influences of social and cultural factors are difficult to quantify. It is especially important with respect to married and/or mature men’s motives, wherein there is a tendency to assume that reproduction represents the chief, if not exclusive, goal of male sexuality.
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Holmes, Robyn M. "Social Relationships". W Cultural Psychology, 288–322. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199343805.003.0008.
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Chapter 8 explores the ways culture shapes our social relationships. It discusses relational models theory, conditions for forming friendships, culture-specific and cross-cultural studies on friendship, physical attractiveness and beauty, cultural constructions, and culture-specific and cross-cultural studies on physical attractiveness and beauty. It addresses mate choice, love, Sternberg’s triangular theory of love, romantic love across cultures, and love and marriage. Finally, it examines the number of possible marriage partners, social practices for choosing a marriage partner, costs and benefits of marriage, intercultural weddings, migration and marriage, culture-specific studies on marriage and cultural change, marital happiness, and child marriages. This chapter includes a case study, Culture Across Disciplines box, chapter summary, key terms, a What Do Other Disciplines Do? section, thought-provoking questions, and class and experiential activities.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Children – social conditions – cross-cultural studies"
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Rodrigues, Barbara Luiza Ludvig, Priscilla Eli Alves i Solange Aparecida de Oliveira Hoeller. "Material culture as a methodological possibility for studies on the history of early childhood education in Brazil". W II INTERNATIONAL SEVEN MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/homeinternationalanais-013.
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Abstract Early Childhood Education in Brazil is now legitimized by the Federal Constitution (BRASIL, 1988) when the Magna Carta discusses the right of children to education, as well as attentive to the duty of the State and the family to comply with this right. To the Law of Guidelines and Bases (BRASIL, 1996), once again Early Childhood Education gains the spotlight when it is defended as the first stage of Basic Education. The 1990s, with those and new achievements, were demarcated with and by the publication of different documents: advisors, curricular, and legislatures. No rights were won without the need for the movement of several groups of society (TELES, 2018). However, one of the most evident movements was that of scholars and researchers in the area of Early Childhood Education who defended/advocated the break with educational care practices and preparation for elementary school, and who discussed the historical dichotomy between daycare centers and kindergartens. With the defense of the dissociability of education and care, it began to understand that Early Childhood Education is a place of care and education and that it aimed/aims at the integral development of children from zero to five years and 11 months, complementing the action of the family and the community (LDB, 1996), being also a place between children's knowledge and knowledge historically constructed by humanity. In this wake, when proposing such a breakup, questions were raised about the ways of organizing curricula for Early Childhood Education, based on a curriculum that holds as centrality the children, their social markers, and their multiple ways of living childhood. These curricula also set the scene for play, social interactions, and languages as axes that structure pedagogical proposals in Early Childhood Education (BRASIL, 2009). To achieve their objectives, the pedagogical proposals of early childhood education institutions must provide conditions for collective work and the organization of materials, spaces, and times In line with the narratives put here, the materialities, which were and are in circulation in the educational units (PERES and SILVA, 2011) enabled/enabled possibilities of representations (CHARTIER, 1991, 1992) on the history of Early Childhood Education in Brazil, through the struggles of representations throughout history. These materialities are capable of being sources and objects of research, from the defenses of cultural history (BURKE, 1991; PESAVENTO, 2003), who maintain that there is a much wider range of sources and objects, moving from the idea that only large "events" would be research objects. It is defended in this summary, that the possibility of taking school culture as a historical object (JULIA, 2001), allowed to outline the circulation, in educational institutions, of material elements (VIÑAO FRAGO, 2008), expanding the circumscription of which there is a school material culture. By marking curricula, objectives, and specific practices for Early Childhood Education, attention is made to the existence of material culture of/for Early Childhood Education, since the break with the school and the schooling conceptions grant us to delimit the material culture that "echoes" aspects of Early Childhood Education, whether analyzed through architecture, toys, of objects, utensils, or even elements of nature.
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Qu, Li, Lin Shuhui Audrey, Low Pei Jun i Ng Hui Qun. "The Impact of Social Context on Preschoolers’ Flexibility". W International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/awvq9522.
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The current study investigates whether social interaction without communication between partners may influence preschoolers’ flexibility. Fifty-three 5 year old Singaporean children were randomly assigned to three conditions of a block sorting task (Fawcett & Garton, 2005): playing individually, cooperating with another player, and competing against another player. To control for individual differences, before the block sorting task children were given four cognitive tasks testing vocabulary, short-term memory, and executive function, as well as two affective scales on mood and motivation. Separate one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that although they performed the same on the cognitive tasks and the affective measures, children in the competition condition sorted blocks along significantly more dimensions compared to children in the individual condition. These results suggest that preschoolers’ flexibility is sensitive to social contexts.
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Wang, Shuguang, Daphne Keats, Melissa Gao, S. Zhang, Xian Gui Yang i S. Chai. "Situational Analysis from Two Studies Facilitating the Development of a Psycho- Cultural Rehabilitation Program for Children Affected by the 12 May 2008 Earthquake in Sichuan, China". W International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/bbhj4677.
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The data presented are from two field studies: (1) a survey of 2234 current children’s caregivers; and (2) interviews with 1200 children, evaluating the children’s social, psychological and behavioural situation after the devastating Sichuan earthquake in the hard-hit Qiang ethnic community. Insights from the findings will be used to develop an evidence-based, culturally appropriate approach on the best use of cultural resources to facilitate the children’s post-disaster rehabilitation. Evidence from the first study indicated that the disaster had a significant impact on the ethnic Qiang children and their families in regard to personal loss, physical injury, social relationships and psychological well-being. Evidence from the second study further indicated: (1) the need for a sustained response to the increasing vulnerability of these children; (2) a very limited effect from outside community visitors, whose one-off inconsistent, non-indigenous approaches and psychological counselling, drawing on the western, individualistic, approach to counseling and psychological/ psychiatric therapies and non-Qiang approaches do not carry over into the children’s everyday life in their own contexts; (3) that little is known about psycho-cultural factors as key resources for supporting an effective response to disaster for ethnic Qiang children; (4) the greatest need for a sustainable effect is therefore to build a culturally appropriate approach through making best use of cultural resources drawing on contributions of both volunteers and official workers from various disciplines and using the Qiang traditional ways to promote the children’s psycho-cultural rehabilitation.
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Karayanni, Manal, i Jenny Kurman. "Culture, Emotional Expression and Parental Socialization Strategies among Two-year-old Israeli Toddlers". W International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/hcrs7957.
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One of the most important developments in childhood is the development of emotional expression and its regulation. The capacity for the deliberate modulation of one’s behavior and emotion develops mainly in the second year, and it is considered a key developmental milestone that markedly transforms the child’s ability to function in the social environment (Kochanska, Coy, & Murray, 2001; Maccoby, 2007). Social norms, established by culture, dictate how, where, when and to whom specific emotions are expressed (Garrett-Peters & Fox, 2007). These norms are specific rules taught in a specific culture and dictate which emotional expressions are socially desirable in certain social contexts, and are the basis for emotional regulation (Ekman & Friesen, 1975; Matsumoto, 1990). Previous studies have shown that there are cultural differences in emotional expression among various cultures (<em>e.g.</em>, Garrett-Peters & Fox, 2007). The present study compares the type and intensity of the child’s emotional expression and parental practices of socialization in two ethnic groups: Israeli Jews and Arabs. This comparison was aimed to contribute to the existing scientific knowledge in this field, and provide insight into the differences and similarities between the ethnic models of emotions, as well as the practices of socialization strategies regarding regulating emotions and emotional behavior of children.
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Ashar, Hadi, Ina Kusrini, Marizka Khairunnisa i Cati Martiyana. "Anemia, Motor, Language, Social Personal Developments among Children Under Two Years Old in Rural Areas, Wonosobo, Central Java, Indonesia". W The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.18.
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ABSTRACT Background: Anemia is a condition where the hemoglobin level in the blood is lower than normal, which can be caused by malnutrition of micronutrients. Several studies that examine anemia among children under two years old, allegedly showed a negative impact on child development. This study aimed to determine the relationship between anemia and developmental status among children under two years old. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Wonosobo Regency, Central Java, in 2019. A total of 290 children under two years old was selected for this study. The dependent variables were motor development, language development, and social personal development. The independent variable was anemia. The data of anemia was based on the results of hemoglobin levels examination using the Hemocue technique. The measurement of developmental status was measured using Developmental Milestone Checklist II. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: Most of the children under two years old had anemia (69.3%), experienced motor development problems (27.6%); language development barrier (11.0%), and experiencing barriers to personal social development (68.3%). This study showed that anemia was not related with motor development, language development, and social personal development, and there were not statistically significant. Conclusion: There is no relationship between anemia among children under two years old and the three aspects of child development in Wonosobo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia Keywords: anemia, development, children, children under two years old Correspondence: Hadi Ashar. Research and Development Center for Health Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: hdi.gaki@gmail.com. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.18
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Mokua, Beatrice Kiage. "Nutritional Status and Risk Factors for Malnutrition among Under Five Children in Merti ward, Isiolo County, Kenya". W 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-m.i.y.c.n.h.p-29.
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Malnutrition is a significant public health issue affecting under-five children in many developing countries, including Kenya. This mixed-methods study aimed to assess the nutritional status and risk of malnutrition among under-five children in Isiolo County, Kenya. The study used a cross-sectional design and purposive sampling technique to recruit 384 participants, and data collected on socio-demographic characteristics, dietary practices, and nutritional status informed the development of appropriate interventions to address malnutrition in this region. The study found a high prevalence of global acute malnutrition (17%), underweight (14.6%), stunting (15.9%), and low nutrient intake among children under five. The study also found a low rate of exclusive breastfeeding and late introduction of solid foods, highlighting the need for interventions that promote and support appropriate feeding practices for infants and young children in this population. Additionally, the study identified poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices in Isiolo, Kenya, with a significant number of households lacking access to proper sanitation facilities and not treating their drinking water before consumption. The findings highlight the need for urgent interventions that target poverty reduction, food security, access to healthcare, and improved living conditions of households to improve the nutritional status of under-five children in Isiolo, Kenya. Additionally, interventions are needed to improve access to proper sanitation facilities, promote safe kitchen waste disposal methods, and encourage proper water treatment and handwashing practices to prevent the spread of diseases in this population. The study's findings provide valuable insights into the nutritional status and risk of malnutrition among under-five children in Isiolo County and inform the development of appropriate interventions to address malnutrition in this region. Keywords: Malnutrition, Under-five children, Nutritional status, WASH practices, Kenya
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André, Ayla Nóbrega, João Victor Bezerra Ramos i Lakymê ângelo Mangueira Porto. "QUALITY OF LIFE OF YOUNG WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER IN A REFERENCE HOSPITAL IN PARAÍBA". W XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1068.
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Introduction: Breast cancer is the main cancer in women in Brazil and worldwide, it and is the leading cause of death among women in Brazil. Although it is more common in women over 40 years, when it occurs in younger women, it generally has a worse prognosis, thus leading to more aggressive treatments and generating more long-term sequelae. Objective: The aim of this research was to analyze the quality of life of women breast cancer survivors under 40 years of age. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional study that was carried out at the Hospital Napoleão Laureano, which is the reference for the treatment of breast cancer in Paraíba. The project was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee of the Centro de Ciências Médicas of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba, and the patients signed an informed consent form. Data collection was performed between September 2020 and February 2021. We had to conduct most of the interviews by telephone, because the COVID-19 pandemic decreased the flow of patients to the outpatient clinic. Results: In this time period, we identified 76 patients who fit the inclusion criteria for the survey, and from these, we obtained 47 responses to the quality of life questionnaire. Among those who answered the survey, only four had not yet had any surgical procedure on their breasts. Of the 43 women who had undergone surgery, most still suffer from pain (27.6%) or discomfort (63.8%) in the area of the breasts and upper limbs, and 63.8% also feel a decrease in the strength of this homolateral upper limb. This is very important data, because pain is responsible for a great decrease in quality of life, so much so that chronic pain can lead to symptoms of depression in breast cancer survivors. In the second part of the questionnaire, we asked about body image, since the breast region is generally a very important area of women’s bodies. More than 70% of the interviewees feel beautiful and satisfied with their sex life; often related to the support they are receiving, be it from family, friends, health professionals, or even from social media. Even so, they have noticed a drop in libido, which is a common side effect of chemotherapy, a topic not usually addressed in medical consultations. They were asked about their desire to have children, since many cancer treatments can lead to premature ovarian failure, early menopause, and infertility; 36% of them said that the diagnosis changed their desire to get pregnant, demonstrating that the issue of fertility is not being properly addressed among these women, since fertility preservation options are not even available in the Brazilian public health service. Another issue addressed was the socioeconomic issues related to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, considering that in Brazil, women are responsible for the family income in more than half of the households. Although cancer treatment in Brazil is free of charge, 68% of the women had to stop work or take a medical leave, and about 78% of them said that their financial conditions worsened during the treatment, increasing their worries in this already extremely stressful period. Conclusion: The evolution of therapies in the treatment of breast cancer has allowed a considerable survival rate for this disease. Thus, the management of the sequelae of the disease and treatment, and the quality of life of these women survivors, also becomes the responsibility of the health team, so that studies on this are fundamental to provide better assistance.
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Lopez Mateu, Vicente, i Teresa Pellicer Armiñana. ""Design for All” in Architectural Heritage conservation: the technology challenge". W CARPE Conference 2019: Horizon Europe and beyond. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carpe2019.2019.10565.
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Among the United Nations 2030 objectives for the sustainable development, stand out those who seek social, economic and cultural equality of people, within the framework of different human settlements, their cultural heritage and the natural environment. This idea raises the need to establish effective strategies, resources and tools aimed to balance the current conditions in most disadvantaged groups, such as people with disabilities. The situation is complicated because the barriers to integration and inclusivity are diverse, the initiatives, legislation and ways of acting are also very different. Therefore, overcoming the situation requires a broad multidisciplinary approach. On the other hand, Heritage resources can be a valuable mean for permanent and sustainable development, if there is a proper combination of different aspects: design, management and maintenance, continuous improvement and dissemination with inclusive criteria. One of the possibilities to afford that difficult task is to promote in the field of university education different activities such as information exchange, cross-cutting networks, research studies, experimental ICT tools development and adequate dissemination. This proposal is structured in this sense to arouse the interest and participation of teachers, students and researchers in these actions, establishing collaborative projects and work proposals.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Children – social conditions – cross-cultural studies"
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Cruces, Guillermo. Conditional Cash Transfers, Debit Cards and Financial Inclusion: Experimental Evidence from Argentina. Inter-American Development Bank, sierpień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005079.
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Cash transfer and other social protection programs in developing countries have often been accompanied by measures to foster financial inclusion, such as the adoption and use of bank accounts and electronic means of payments. Argentina's social benefits are paid in bank accounts and accessed through debit cards. With the simultaneous objective of fostering formality among beneficiaries and stores, the use of debit cards for purchases has been incentivized by means of additional subsidies. We studied the low take-up of these extra benefits by means of a field experiment involving 400,000 beneficiaries of Argentinas largest conditional cash-transfer program (with 2.2 million beneficiaries who are the parents of four million children, 40% of the countrys 0-17-year olds). By using their debit card to spend the allowance, rather than withdrawing cash from ATMs, they can receive a rebate of 15% of their expenditures. However, they systematically fail to claim this benefit: only about 25% of beneficiaries receive this transfer. Our experiment provided information about the effectiveness of an information campaign conducted via text messages or through on-screen messages at ATM machines. The campaign increased purchases with debit cards and subsequent rebates significantly but not substantially in the short run. However, beneficiaries who increased their use of debit cards do not exhibit a higher probability of having access to credit through the financial system, nor higher levels of formal employment. The results indicate that cultural factors (a preference for cash), administrative hassle and citizen security issues are relevant issues that limit the potential of financial inclusion through increased use of digital means of payment.
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Elliott, Jane, Maureen Muir i Judith Green. Trajectories of everyday mobility at older age. Wellcome Centre for Cultures and Environments of Health, styczeń 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58182/bnec3269.
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Background: This review and exploratory data analysis focuses on everyday mobility at older age; that is, travel outside the house for routine activities. Everyday mobility is an important determinant of health and wellbeing. Although there can be physiological reasons for declines in an individual’s capacity for mobility, trajectories are uneven. A social model of mobility at older age assumes that impairments due to bodily ageing do not inevitably lead to reduced mobility, and that policy and environmental interventions (such as transport provision, quality of built environment) can and should support mobile later lives. We scope the potential for a study of the conditions which foster trajectories of maintained or increased mobility over time, in an equitable way. Aims: With a focus on corporeal mobility in the UK (in particular England), and on social and environmental, rather than physiological factors, our aims were to: 1) scope the existing evidence on trajectories of mobility at older age; 2) assess the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) as a possible source of data on changes in mobility over time; 3) outline the potential for further research through identifying candidate analytical approaches and; draft an initial logic model to inform a study. Literature review findings: Literature on mobility at older age documents physiological, lifecourse, social, and environmental factors that shape trajectories of declining mobility, and the health and wellbeing consequences. There are complex and bidirectional relationships between determinants and consequences of mobility. Points of disruption in the lifecourse are points where mobility practices may change and are therefore potential points for interventions to promote greater mobility. A body of research demonstrates this through the case of concessionary bus travel for older adults in the UK, which both promotes greater mobility and appears to improve health status. There is a more mixed body of research on the environmental factors that can foster greater mobility: more research is needed on how to support mobility in place in the UK, particularly in settings outside urban centres. Compared to research on physiological factors, there is a relative dearth of evidence on population level interventions, with the exception of free bus travel. ELSA summary: The main strength of using the ELSA for understanding what influences trajectories of everyday mobility is that it is an eighteen-year longitudinal study with data collection every two years, focussing on those aged 50 and over. The sample is drawn from across England, detailed contextual information is available via linked geographical identifiers, and longitudinal and cross-sectional weights enable adjustment of the sample for non-response and attrition. The weaknesses (for studies of mobility) are the lack of fine-grained measures of ‘ability’ for many mobility indicators and the potential for reporting biases that intersect with measures of social and cultural capital. In this descriptive analysis, we document six separate measures of everyday mobility that can be derived from ELSA data, and map these to our logic model. Implications: The review identified the potential for studying the conditions for mobility at older age that could help identify and develop population level interventions. Focusing on points of disruption in the lifecourse is a potentially fruitful and tractable area of investigation. We have mapped indicators available from ELSA as a foundation for future study, and as a resource for other researchers. ELSA has some disadvantages for a study, but also many strengths. Given the complexity of causal pathways linking different conditions for maintained or increased mobility, an analysis approach directed specifically at multiple pathways (such as Qualitative Comparative Analysis) could well be fruitful."