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Murphy, Kevin A. "Providing Models Of Dying: Middle-Class Childhood, Death, and American Juvenile Fiction, 1790–1860". Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth 11, nr 2 (2018): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2018.0029.
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Razina, Irina S. "Elements of Myth in David Almond’s Fiction". Izvestia Ural Federal University Journal Series 1. Issues in Education, Science and Culture 28, nr 2 (2022): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv1.2022.28.2.029.
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The study considers how motifs and plots borrowed from mythology function in David Almond’s fiction for children. Almond uses them to analyze the fundamental concepts of love and death, as well as to discuss teenage sexuality. He highlights the role of creative activities in teen identity development. Myth is also incorporated into descriptions of children undergoing rites of passage.
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Permatasari, Astri Ratna, i Effendy Saragih. "PROSES PENYIDIKAN ANAK PELAKU TINDAK PENGANIAYAAN YANG MENGAKIBATKAN KEMATIAN BERDASARKAN UU NO.11 TAHUN 2012". AMICUS CURIAE 1, nr 1 (12.03.2024): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/amicus.v1i1.19555.
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The important role of kids as part of defending the life of the nation and state requires the government's awareness to guarantee the right to life of every child. Children need to be protected against all conditions and circumstances, including Juvenile Criminal Justice which they are not familiar with. The difference between the Juvenile Criminal Justice system and adult justice requires certain requirements for law enforcers within it. Juvenile justice involves direct or indirect investigators, child public prosecutors, and juvenile judges in court proceedings. The handling of cases of children who commit criminal acts is regulated in Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. The results of this study are (1) The process of investigating children who are perpetrators of abuse resulting in death according to Law Number 11 of 2012 at the Tangerang City Police; (2) There are obstacles in the process of investigating children as perpetrators of abuse resulting in death at the Tangerang City Police.
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Hermi, Hermi Asmawati. "TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA ANAK SEBAGAI PELAKU PENGANIAYAAN YANG MENGAKIBATKAN KEMATIAN MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2012 TENTANG SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA ANAK". Jurnal Hukum Legalita 4, nr 2 (30.12.2022): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47637/legalita.v4i2.640.
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The purpose of implementing Juvenile Criminal Justice System is actually not only aimed at imposing criminal sanctions on children alone, but is more focused as a means of supporting the realization of the welfare of children who commit crimes. The research aims to find out how the criminal responsibility of minors as perpetrators of abuse resulting in death is according to the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Act. This study uses a normative legal method with a statutory approach. The results of the study show that the criminal responsibility of children who are perpetrators of abuse that cause death must prioritizes restorative justice processes and diversion as the main options. However, if in his judgment the child perpetrator of the crime cannot be carried out, the judge must decide the case based on the provisions of the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law.
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Harris, Anjelica. "“We Can’t Just Throw Our Children Away”". Texas A&M Law Review 7, nr 3 (maj 2020): 613–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v7.i3.4.
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In the words of Supreme Court Justice Elena Kagan, children are different. The issue of how to sentence juvenile offenders has long been controversial. Although psychology acknowledges the connection between incomplete juvenile brain development and increased criminality, the justice system lags behind in how it handles juvenile offenders. A prime example is the case of Bobby Bostic, who at the age of sixteen was charged with eighteen offenses and sentenced to 241 years in prison. This sentence, known as a term-of-years or virtual life sentence, essentially guarantees that no matter what Bobby does or who he proves himself to be as an adult, he will die in prison. Since Bobby’s sentencing in 1997, the Supreme Court has held that sentencing juveniles to death violates the Eighth Amendment and has banned life without parole for juvenile offenders. Despite landmark Supreme Court decisions, a gap in the law continues to exist when it comes to juvenile non-homicide of- fenders who are certified and tried as adults. Thousands of juvenile offenders are now trapped in the legal gap that exists in the distinction, or lack thereof, between life without parole and lengthy term-of-years sentences. This Comment will explore the gap in the law, the various ways the States have chosen to handle this issue, and will propose a possible solution for Texas.
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Orr, Mary. "Reflections on a British ‘Re-civilising’ Mission: Sarah (Bowdich) Lee's Playing at Settlers, or the Faggot House". International Research in Children's Literature 5, nr 2 (grudzień 2012): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2012.0059.
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Imperial and colonial juvenile literature is assumed to be ‘an excellent reflector of the dominant ideas of an age’ (Mackenzie). This article by contrast argues for a less mimetic view through close rereading of Mrs R. Lee's Playing at Settlers, or the Faggot House (1855) , particularly its unfinished critiques of high colonialism from within. The actions of its enlightened British juvenile protagonists to educate their peers, and adult interlocutors, makes this text ‘settler’ and ‘Robinsonade’ fiction with a difference, as much for Britons at home as for those overseas. The tensions, cultural specificities and multi-colonial dimensions of the text explored in this article then suggest avenues for further research on juvenile works of the period, whether British or other European. Recovery of other similar, yet forgotten, works for children not only invites more informed reappraisal of them, but also of over-zealous postcolonial readings of the ‘civilising mission’ that have denied vociferous counter-colonial voices in juvenile, next-generational form.
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Kroese, Janique, Wim Bernasco, Aart C. Liefbroer i Jan Rouwendal. "Single-Parent Families and Adolescent Crime: Unpacking the Role of Parental Separation, Parental Decease, and Being Born to a Single-Parent Family". Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology 7, nr 4 (grudzień 2021): 596–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40865-021-00183-7.
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AbstractAddressing a gap in the extant literature on single-parent families and juvenile delinquency, we distinguish between different types of single-parent families. Using Dutch population register data on nearly 1.3 million children, we performed logistic regressions to assess the relation between growing up in a single-parent family before age 12 and the likelihood to engage in juvenile delinquency during adolescence. Our findings suggest that the likelihood of juvenile delinquency increases (1) when children are born to a single parent, followed by children with separated parents and children experiencing parental death, compared to children growing up with both biological parents; (2) when the single-parent family started at a younger age; and (3) when children grow up with only a biological mother, for both sons and daughters, compared to only a biological father. The relationship between growing up in single-parent families and juvenile delinquency is much more complex than often assumed. Future research should pay more attention to diversity in the composition of single-parent families.
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Nigst, Lorenz. "Druze Reincarnation in Fiction". Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies 19 (1.08.2019): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jais.7048.
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In the Druze outlook, each human soul completes successive life-circuits as different human beings. If one of these human beings dies, the soul immediately migrates to the body of a newborn child. Normally, it is unknown who the soul was previously. However, in exceptional cases, mostly young children remember and “speak” about a previous life that usually came to an unexpected and tragic end. This also represents the backdrop of Anīs Yaḥyà’s novel Jasad kāna lī, which is set in a Druze context and revolves around a murder case and a little girl that remembers her death and names her murderer. The subject of transmigration is omnipresent in the novel. As this article seeks to show, this turns the novel into a highly relevant source for anthropological research into the Druze understanding of transmigration. The novel not only corroborates respective findings, but also complements them and thus contributes to a fuller understanding of the social and discursive presence of transmigration and “speaking” in Druze contexts. At the same time, anthropological research seems essential for a more profound understanding of this particular thematic dimension of the novel.
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Aggarwal, A., S. Phatak, P. Srivastava, A. Lawrence, V. Agarwal i R. Misra. "Outcomes in juvenile onset lupus: single center cohort from a developing country". Lupus 27, nr 11 (2.08.2018): 1867–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203318791046.
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Introduction About 10–20% of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have onset in childhood and have more severe organ involvement. Survival of juvenile SLE patients is improving worldwide. Long-term data of childhood onset SLE from developing countries is scarce. Methods Clinical and laboratory data at initial presentation and follow-up visits were retrieved from clinic files, hospital information system and personal interviews. Treatment received, complications, flares, outcomes and death were recorded. Survival was calculated using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and regression analysis was done for predictors of mortality. Results Children with SLE ( n = 273, 250 girls) had a median age at onset of 14 years and duration of illness prior to diagnosis at our hospital of 1 year. Fever and arthritis were the most common presenting manifestations. Renal disease was seen in 60.5% and central nervous system (CNS) disease in 29%. The median follow-up period in 248 patients was 3.5 years. Fourteen children died, and 10 of these had active disease at the time of death. The mean actuarial survival was 24.5 years and survival rates at 1, 5 and 10 years were 97.9%, 95% and 89% respectively. Fever, CNS disease, anti-dsDNA levels and serious infections predicted death on univariate and multivariate analysis. Infections were seen in 72 children (26.3%), and 38 of these infections were serious. One-third of the patients had damage on the last follow-up. Flares were seen in 120 children, the majority being major flares. Conclusion Outcomes of pediatric SLE in North Indian children are similar to those seen in developed countries. Infections pose a major challenge in these patients.
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Morey, Ann-Janine. "In Memory of Cassie: Child Death and Religious Vision in American Women's Novels". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 6, nr 1 (1996): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.1996.6.1.03a00050.
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This article investigates the contribution of several twentieth-century women writers to the legacy of women's writing about child death and scriptural consolation. The suffering and death of children constitutes the most intractable of religious problems, and recent studies of parental grieving support women's literary treatment of child death. Thus, just as child death creates a unique religious space, it may also demand its own literary category and aesthetic. By considering the unique dimensions of parental grieving, and by looking at how Perri Klass, Toni Morrison, and Harriette Arnow handle this subject, it is possible to gain fresh literary perspective on the fiction of nineteenth-century American women, many of whom also addressed the problem of child death and scriptural consolation. Women writers create children who are more than literary or symbolic commodities, and, in so doing, these writers challenge us to reevaluate scriptural and social perspectives on child death.
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Jufnidar, Niru Anita Sinaga i Sujono. "Criminal Responsibility of Children Who Commit the Crime of Allowing, Ordering to Do or Participating in Violence Against Children Until Death Based on Indonesian Criminal Law". International Journal of Science and Society 5, nr 1 (10.04.2023): 464–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v5i1.731.
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A criminal act is an act of a person of his own free will or of another person committed by him and this behavior is an act that is prohibited so that a criminal liability arises from the act itself. Any action against a child which results in physical, psychological, sexual misery or suffering and/or neglect, including threats to commit acts, coercion or deprivation of liberty by way of violation of the law is a criminal act of violence against children. A child who commits a crime permits, commits, orders to commit or participates in committing violence against children to the point of death must still be held responsible because it is impossible for a person to be held accountable and sentenced if he does not commit a crime. To be further investigated how to regulate the crime of children who commit, order to commit or participate in violence against children to death based on Indonesian criminal law and what is the criminal responsibility of children who commit criminal acts to allow, order to commit or participate in violence against children to death. The research method used in this research is normative legal research method. From the results of the research, it was found that the regulation of juvenile offenses allows, orders, or participates in violence against children to death in Article 76C in conjunction with Article 80 Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection and the criminal responsibility of children who commit crimes allowing, ordering to commit or participating in violence against children to death by serving a maximum of half of the maximum sentence of imprisonment for adults as stipulated in Article 81 paragraph (2) of Law Number 11 Years 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. Clarifying the meaning of acts of violence in the Criminal Code, Legislation, Government Regulations, Permenkumham and the Government must establish legislation, government regulations, Permenkumham to be even more assertive in imposing sanctions on perpetrators of violence against children.
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Jans, Lennart, Anne Jurik, Robert Hemke, Iris Eshed, Nathalie Boutry i Iwona Sudoł-Szopińska. "Imaging Features of the Juvenile Inflammatory Arthropathies". Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology 22, nr 02 (kwiecień 2018): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1639468.
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AbstractWe discuss the imaging of several juvenile inflammatory arthropathies including juvenile idiopathic arthritis, juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus, juvenile scleroderma, juvenile dermatomyositis, and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the most common autoimmune chronic systemic disease of connective tissue in children. The remaining systemic juvenile connective tissue diseases are rare. However, they require early diagnosis and initiation of treatment to prevent injury, not only to the musculoskeletal system but also to the internal organs, and even death. Imaging of juvenile inflammatory arthropathies has relied for years on radiography. Recent advances in disease-modifying drugs have led to a greater emphasis on the detection of early inflammation not evident on plain radiography. Ultrasound examination allows for the early recognition of the disease process in the soft tissues. Magnetic resonance imaging detects early inflammatory changes involving the soft tissues, the subcortical bone of peripheral joints, the spine, and entheses.
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Pearson, Richard D., Ida Swenson, Eric A. Schenk, William J. Klish i Marilyn R. Brown. "Fatal Multisystem Disease with Immune Enteropathy Heralded by Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 8, nr 2 (luty 1989): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1989.tb09742.x.
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The prognosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is generally good, although premature death occurs in a subset of children. Secondary infections, chronic amyloidosis, and heart disease have been reported as common causes. Our experience indicates that JRA can also herald the development of a severe immune enteropathy. In the case presented, typical JRA was followed by fulminant hepatitis; skin rashes; recurrent, severe, watery diarrhea; malabsorption; and ultimately death. Biopsies of the small bowel exposed to the patient's serum revealed deposition of complement and immunoglobulins in the epithelium. Although not widely appreciated, JRA can herald a multisystem syndrome characterized by severe immune enteropathy.
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Bezhenar, V. F., L. A. Ivanova, N. A. Tatarova i M. Yu Korshunov. "Risk factors for perinatal loss - reality or fiction?" Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction 15, nr 4 (9.09.2021): 360–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2021.185.
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Aim: to identify factors predisposing to perinatal losses, assessment of which is available at the first (only) visit of pregnant woman in antenatal clinic.Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 964 women who performed delivery in 2009-2019 in 15 obstetric facilities was carried out. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the main group included 457 women with perinatal losses (stillbirth - 328 children, and 129 children with early neonatal death); the control group consisted of 507 women, whose children survived 7 days during postnatal period. We analyzed parameters routinely determined by an obstetrician-gynecologist at the first visit of woman during within ongoing pregnancy (regardless of gestation age), namely, social status, anamnesis, data of initial examination.Results. The following significant differences were revealed in pregnant women from the main group: a younger age of pregnancy; no registered marriage and permanent job as well as primary and secondary education; smoking, alcohol and drug use; concurrent diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders, blood contact infections, obesity; older menarche age and younger sexual debut age; medical history contains infectious genital pathology, more often pregnancies and childbirths, two or more abortions before repeated childbirth, premature births.Conclusion. Thus, the anamnestic indicators noted above can be used to create prognostic statistical systems and models to determine high risk of perinatal losses of any nature.
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Rouleau, Brian. "A Pint-Sized Public Sphere: Compensatory Colonialism in Literature by Elite Children During the Gilded Age and Progressive Era". Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 23, nr 1 (styczeń 2024): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781423000348.
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AbstractDuring the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, thousands of middle-class youths published their own amateur newspapers. These periodicals were printed using the so-called toy (or “novelty”) press, a portable tabletop device that helped democratize word processing. Children often used their presses to compose miniature novels and short stories. They then shared their prose with a national community of fellow juvenile writers collectively known as “Amateurdom.” Adolescent fiction explored an array of subjects, but the frontier, territorial expansion, and empire in the West became some of its particular fixations. All that imperial storytelling, however, possessed a rich subtext. Boys and girls, reacting to late-nineteenth-century changes in the lived experience of childhood, used their printing presses to challenge various constraints imposed upon them. But in so doing, they both perpetuated and reinforced a pernicious culture of settler colonialism that celebrated the subjugation of American Indians. Ultimately, the amateur publications of children remind us that fiction is not exclusively an adult enterprise. The creative output of young people provides important insight into an underexplored realm of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era’s literary world.
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NURHADIYANTO, Lucky, i Triny SRIHADIATI. "FAIR TRIAL SOCIALIZATION FOR CHILDREN IN TROUBLE WITH THE LAW AT SPECIAL CLASS GUIDANCE INSTITUTION FOR CHILDREN (LPKA) CLASS I TANGERANG". ICCD 5, nr 1 (27.11.2023): 478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33068/iccd.v5i1.653.
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A method of limiting government intervention in crime. The social control of crime model is implemented through the deinstitutionalization of minor crimes, the transition of the formal justice procedure to informal guidance, and the decriminalisation of minor offences. The criminal justice system is separated from the perpetrator. To minimise stigma or being labelled as a criminal, law enforcement officers' roles are minimised as much as possible. Mediation, distraction, and social punishments are among the programmes being tested. Instead of enduring a formal court process, this model is thought only to increase the elasticity of coaching towards perpetrators (widening the net) (Siegel, 2011: 407). Children cannot be sentenced to death or life imprisonment under Indonesian law, which is unequivocally stated. In total, the prohibition on imposing death and life sentences on children is written in three statutory regulations: Article 66 paragraph (2) of Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights, Article 3 letter (f) of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning Systems Juvenile Criminal Justice (UU SPPA), and Article 64 letter (f) of Law 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. There is no maximum age limit in Indonesian legislation for those facing the death penalty; Indonesia solely governs the minimum age for imposing the death penalty, which is 18 years of age for children.
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I.A.Kriulin, I. A. Kriulin, I. A. Kriulin, E. I. Alexeeva, T. M. Dvoryakovskaya i R. F. Tepaev. "Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: mechanisms of development, clinical manifestations, and treatments". Voprosy praktičeskoj pediatrii 16, nr 6 (2021): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2021-6-94-102.
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Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), also known as cytokine storm, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and macrophage activation syndrome, is a life-threatening disorder caused by a congenital or acquired defect in the cytolytic activity of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD8+) and natural killers, as well as hyperproduction of interleukins-1, -6, -18, and interferon-γ. HLH develops in children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), often resulting in multiple organ failure, and is characterized by a high risk of death. This article discusses the mechanisms underlying the development of primary and secondary HLH and sJIA, as well as clinical and laboratory manifestations of HLH. It summarizes the information on diagnostic criteria and analyzes therapeutic approaches used for HLH. Key words: hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, biologicals, rheumatology, children
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Rathnayake, A. P. "A juvenile homicide: A criminological summary of the murder of James Bulger ". Sri Lanka Journal of Forensic Medicine, Science & Law 14, nr 2 (22.12.2023): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljfmsl.v14i2.7935.
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The progenies sometimes commit crimes with extreme cruelty and barbarity and the purview of such crimes is vast. Some children are involved in senseless and brutal killings and such crimes do not show any motive or explanation. The article is an analysis of the murder of James Bulger, who was a toddler and faced a tragic death in 1993. The death of Bulger was not natural but a result of the delinquent mentality of two young children John Venables and Robert Thompson, who were 10 years old at that time. The horrific death of the toddler petrified the world and it was shocking news as it was considered one of the cold-blooded murders in the world. Through the analysis of this case, the author attempts to expound the causes which compel children to commit acts of brutality. A child’s upbringing, and bad and ineffective parenting result in emotional instability which prominently drives him/her to commit gruesome murders. The methodology adapted by the author in this paper is qualitative in nature and involves content analysis of secondary sources of law.
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Dietz, Robert M., James E. Orfila, Nicholas Chalmers, Crystal Minjarez, Jose Vigil, Guying Deng, Nidia Quillinan i Paco S. Herson. "Functional Restoration following Global Cerebral Ischemia in Juvenile Mice following Inhibition of Transient Receptor Potential M2 (TRPM2) Ion Channels". Neural Plasticity 2021 (6.10.2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8774663.
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Hippocampal cell death and cognitive dysfunction are common following global cerebral ischemia across all ages, including children. Most research has focused on preventing neuronal death. Restoration of neuronal function after cell death is an alternative approach (neurorestoration). We previously identified transient receptor potential M2 (TRPM2) ion channels as a potential target for acute neuroprotection and delayed neurorestoration in an adult CA/CPR mouse model. Cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR) in juvenile (p20-25) mice was used to investigate the role of ion TRPM2 channels in neuroprotection and ischemia-induced synaptic dysfunction in the developing brain. Our novel TRPM2 inhibitor, tatM2NX, did not confer protection against CA1 pyramidal cell death but attenuated synaptic plasticity (long-term plasticity (LTP)) deficits in both sexes. Further, in vivo administration of tatM2NX two weeks after CA/CPR reduced LTP impairments and restored memory function. These data provide evidence that pharmacological synaptic restoration of the surviving hippocampal network can occur independent of neuroprotection via inhibition of TRPM2 channels, providing a novel strategy to improve cognitive recovery in children following cerebral ischemia. Importantly, these data underscore the importance of age-appropriate models in disease research.
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Chekalov, Kirill A. "ALEXANDRE DUMAS AND A GOTHIC NOVEL (DEDICATED TO 150TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE WRITER’S DEATH)". Vestnik of Kostroma State University, nr 3 (2020): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2020-26-3-134-140.
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The article considers the characteristics of interpretation by Alexandre Dumas père of a genre of gothic fiction based on the writer’s less popular works: Le Château d’Eppstein, 1843 and Le Pasteur d’Ashbourn,1853. Alexandre Dumas père deviates from the genre’s traditional surrounding, i.e. the southern France, Italy, Spain. Le Château d’Eppstein is set in Germany; by connecting the legendary past with the historical time, Dumas enhances one of the genre’s inherent features, at the same time enriching the narrative with a dense intertextual component. The events of Le pasteur d’Ashbourn happen in England. The first part of the book is a rescript of a sentimental novel Leben Eines Armen Landpredigers by August Heinrich Julius Lafontaine (1801; translated in French by Isabelle de Montolieu as Nouveaux Tableaux De Famille Ou La Vie D’un Pauvre Ministre De Village Allemand Et De Ses Enfants – 1802; translated in English as The Village Pastor and His Children – 1803), which beautifully contrasts with a traditional gothic plot of the second part and an extensive ironic epilogue. Both novels demonstrate that Dumas did not intend to imitate the gothic fiction, but rather to transform it by means of witty genre and stylistic experiments.
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Sinha, Susmita, i Mainul Haque. "Juvenile diabetes, its’ pervasiveness, and actionplan for determent". Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 22, nr 2 (11.04.2023): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v22i2.64979.
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In Bangladesh, diabetes mellitus is a substantial public health concern, and its prevalence is rising steadily. Many other mechanisms can cause diabetes in childhood; most children develop type 1 diabetes mellitus primarily due to immune system-mediated β cell death, while type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance-related β cell failure. The long-term effects of micro and macrovascular illnesses impose a tremendous strain on those frequently affected early in middle age. The increased prevalence of diabetes in children and the excessive morbidity linked to its effects highlight the significance of preventive measures for future generations. It is essential to look into the possibilities for improvement in school-oriented diabetes management interventions. Consistent engagement and communication on diverse theoretical concepts, performing exploratory assessments to guide interventions, and conducting an operational valuation are necessary to enhance these programs. Furthermore, it is required to identify the significant challenge of the general food milieu and its influence on children’s diets with more participation from related parties like families, stores, and supermarkets. The fast urbanization of Bangladesh may affect the local population’s way of living, there may be a genetic predisposition to diabetes in the country, or both could be responsible for the growth in childhood diabetes mellitus. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 02 April’23 Page : 249-255
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Darmika, Ika. "Diversion and Restorative Justice in the Criminal Justice System of Children in Indonesia". Ijtimā'iyya: Journal of Muslim Society Research 3, nr 2 (28.09.2018): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/ijtimaiyya.v3i2.1921.
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Diversity and Justice Justice is the norm in the Criminal Justice System in Indonesia, as regulated in Law Number 2012 on the System Juvenile Justice. The latest Law Number 11 Year 2012 was not available to be separated by UN Resolution Number 44.25 about Convention of the Rights which was ratified by the Indonesian Government dated January 26, January 1990 in the Presidential Decree No. 36 Year 1990. Convention on the Rights of the Children of the Republic of Indonesia was the basis of the consideration of the establishment of Law Number 11 of 2012 about Juvenile Criminal Justice System which replaced Law Number 3 1997 concerning Juvenile Court. At this time, there are a number of developed countries that have implemented diversion, among others is Australia. Australia has Act on Juvenile Crimes (The Young Offenders Act 1977).In which the Law gives the authority of lawyers (police)to do diversion child offender. This thing can be known from the purpose of the Juvenile Criminal Act Law. In Australia, the policymaking has the authority to do diversion in handling crime done by child. Authority is done with consideration: a) avoiding labeling or stigma which was caused by the effects of the system judicial justice. b) There are doubts about whether to progress from treatment to children. In Indonesia, regulated in Law Number 11 of 2012 about the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, which began after 2 years promulgated on July 30, 2012. In Law Number 11 of 2012, diversion was regulated in Article 17, Article 6 / Article 15. Regarding the restorative justice in developed countries, restorative justice not only in academic fields and practical practice and criminology North America, Australia, and some Europeans, restorative justice has been applied to all know the conventional criminal justice process, namely the investigation, prosecution, stage adjudication, and the stages of the trial. The justice-restructuring process looks for a facility dialogue between various parties affected by crime, including victims, perpetrators supporters and community are all over. Death involves the process that all parties who acted in crime were at the same time together to try to complete the scrutiny of how the negotiation after the crime has taken place Indonesia trial justice regulated in Article 1 Article 6, Article 5 (1) and Article 8 Section (1)Law Number 11 Year 2012.
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Opoka-Winiarska, Violetta, Ewelina Grywalska, Izabela Korona-Głowniak, Izabela Morawska, Krzysztof Gosik, Anna Malm i Jacek Roliński. "Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 Upregulation in Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Case-Control Study". Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, nr 14 (13.07.2022): 4060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11144060.
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Currently, data regarding the impact of COVID-19 disease (caused by SARS-CoV-2) on patients with childhood rheumatic diseases are significantly limited. To assess the possible connection, we measured levels of IgA and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and a control group during the pandemic, prior to the introduction of anti-COVID-19 vaccination. We assessed levels of PD-1 suppressive molecule and inflammatory markers in patients and correlated those results with serological response to SARS-CoV-2. In JIA patients, the activity of the disease was assessed using the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score 71 (JADAS 71) scale. The study consisted of 96 children, 65 diagnosed with JIA, treated with antirheumatic drugs, and 31 healthy volunteers. In patients with JIA, significantly higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the IgA and IgG were demonstrated compared to the control group. We also found significantly higher serum PD-1 levels in JIA patients and control volunteers who were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 IgA or IgG antibodies compared to those who were seronegative. The humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with the persistent upregulation of PD-1 expression in both JIA patients and healthy children. The clinical significance of the detected disorder requires further careful observation.
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Orfila, James E., Robert M. Dietz, Krista M. Rodgers, Andra Dingman, Olivia P. Patsos, Ivelisse Cruz-Torres, Himmat Grewal, Frank Strnad, Christian Schroeder i Paco S. Herson. "Experimental pediatric stroke shows age-specific recovery of cognition and role of hippocampal Nogo-A receptor signaling". Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 40, nr 3 (14.02.2019): 588–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x19828581.
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Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide and clinical data suggest that children may recover from stroke better than adults; however, supporting experimental data are lacking. We used our novel mouse model of experimental juvenile ischemic stroke (MCAO) to characterize age-specific cognitive dysfunction following ischemia. Juvenile and adult mice subjected to 45-min MCAO, and extracellular field recordings of CA1 neurons were performed to assess hippocampal synaptic plasticity changes after MCAO, and contextual fear conditioning was performed to evaluate memory and biochemistry used to analyze Nogo-A expression. Juvenile mice showed impaired synaptic plasticity seven days after MCAO, followed by full recovery by 30 days. Memory behavior was consistent with synaptic impairments and recovery after juvenile MCAO. Nogo-A expression increased in ipsilateral hippocampus seven days after MCAO compared to contralateral and sham hippocampus. Further, inhibition of Nogo-A receptors reversed MCAO-induced synaptic impairment in slices obtained seven days after juvenile MCAO. Adult MCAO-induced impairment of LTP was not associated with increased Nogo-A. This study demonstrates that stroke causes functional impairment in the hippocampus and recovery of behavioral and synaptic function is more robust in the young brain. Nogo-A receptor activity may account for the impairments seen following juvenile ischemic injury.
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Lucio-Villegas Spillard, Iris. "“Honey, Where Are the Kids?”: Motifs of the Past, Water, and Photography in Munro’s Stories Featuring Dead Children". ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 19, nr 1 (23.06.2022): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.19.1.29-40.
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As indicated by many critics, the death of children features prominently in Alice Munro’s short fiction. This paper approaches the theme in six of her short stories from the standpoint of her personal experience to establish shared elements that combine to build the narratives, reverberating in her writing. These elements are the past, water, and photography. The argument and literary exploration are grounded on previous literature on the author, short story theory, and photography theory, and ultimately pursue a double objective, i.e., to develop an interpretation of the figure of the lost child in Munro’s work, while providing supporting evidence for the autobiographical nature of her literature.
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Dueben, Rebecca. "The Truth As We Know It". After Dinner Conversation 2, nr 12 (2021): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/adc2021212110.
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How should adults help children who are being bullied? How is childhood trauma adapted into adult relationships? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, Celia has been married six years to Jason, an ex-military man 20 years her senior. Celia’s child, Theo, is the result of Celia’s abusive father raping her as a teen. Theo is a short, overweight, awkward child who is teased at school. Jason continues to try to tease him and create experiences to “make a man out of him.” One day, when Jason and Theo go fishing, Theo is laughed at once too often and pushes Jason off the bridge, to his death. Now Celia is left to decide if she tells the truth about what happened, or tries to frame the death as a slip and fall accident.
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Geerts, Sylvie. "Continuity and Change in the Treatment of Frightening Subject Matter: Contemporary Retellings of Classical Mythology for Children in the Low Countries". International Research in Children's Literature 7, nr 1 (lipiec 2014): 18–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2014.0111.
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Ever since its origins, children's literature has dealt with frightening subject matter. The forms of such frightening fiction for children are, however, continuously changing. Retellings of classical mythology are a case in point as myths contain subjects that might be considered a threat to the romantic notion of the innocent child. As such, a focus upon the way authors deal with sex, death and violence in retellings of classical mythology reveals how the paradoxical impulses that govern the act of retelling – that is, a desire for preserving and challenging cultural tradition – alter under the influence of society's changing ideas about children and their literature. This paper concentrates on the rich and vivid tradition of retelling classical myths in the Low Countries. Shifts in the choice of pretext and in the age of the intended audience reveal a change of attitude towards frightening subjects in classical myths during the last decades. A closer look at retellings of the creation myths, dealing with sexual and lethal violence between parents and children, and the subject of death in the myth of Orpheus shows how the retellings of frightening myths range from unequivocal presentations as cautionary tales to demanding narratives generating unfixed meanings.
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Webb, Jean. "Ghosts, murder and mutation: The portrayal of pandemics in children’s and YA fiction". Book 2.0 11, nr 1 (1.08.2021): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/btwo_00044_1.
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The coronavirus pandemic has stimulated a number of texts, which are aimed at helping children to cope with situations alien to them. For example, the picture book Staying Home by Sally Nichols and Vivienne Schwarz (2020) deals with the conditions of lockdown and family isolation, whilst Piperpotamus by Annis Watts endeavours to explain COVID-19. This pandemic is not the only such event in history. The Black Death swept across Europe (1347–51) followed by the Spanish flu pandemic (1918–20). Both of these have stimulated historical fiction for older children and Young Adults and have done so by employing differing literary approaches. For instance, Cat Winters’ In the Shadow of Blackbirds (2013) incorporates a ghost story set against the contexts of séances and spirit photographers as the bereaved hope to gain comfort, whilst Charles Todd’s An Unmarked Grave (2012) is a murder mystery. Dystopian science fiction has also been employed to examine the equivalent circumstances of such pandemics. The plague in Gone (2008–14) by Michael Grant follows a nuclear disaster, which has produced a world where only those under fifteen have survived beneath a dome created by a young autistic child at the point of the explosion. Unforeseen forces have erupted resulting in mutation where individuals have supernatural powers taking them into a posthuman state. Their world is later blighted by plague and the children have to deal with remaking their lives and their society without the help of adults. This article will consider the various ways that such texts have approached these world-changing disasters and the common themes, which emerge to give our current generation of children ways of thinking about their present and their future.
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Ediwan, Elche Angelina, Budi Parmono i Moh Muhibbin. "Granting Of Criminal Sanctions Against Children Consumpting Narcotics". International Journal of Law, Environment, and Natural Resources 3, nr 2 (8.12.2023): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51749/injurlens.v3i2.57.
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This research aims to describe the regulation of Narcotics criminal acts according to positive law in Indonesia and those responsible for criminal sanctions against children who use Narcotics according to Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics’ This research is normative legal research, descriptive in nature, statutory approach, consisting of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. Qualitative analysis is carried out systematically in order to get answers to problems. The results of the study stated that the regulation of narcotics crimes began with Law No. 9 of 1976 which prohibited the manufacture, storage, distribution and use of narcotics. Then Law No. 22 of 1997 with a wider scope, the criminal threat is made worse in the form of the death penalty. Then Law no. 35 of 2009, prohibits possessing, storing, controlling or providing Narcotics and Narcotics Precursors; the act of producing, importing, exporting, or releasing Narcotics and Narcotics precursor; acts in the form of offering to sell, sell, buy, receive, become an intermediary in buying and selling, exchanging, or handing over Narcotics and Narcotics precursors; and acts in the form of bringing, sending, transporting or transiting Narcotics and precursors. Criminal sanctions for children who use Narcotics are regulated in Law No. 3 of 1997 concerning Juvenile Courts and Law No. 35. Children who commit Narcotics crimes can be sentenced under Article 127 of Law No. 35 of 2009 in conjunction with Article 22 of Law No. 3 of 1997 amended to Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. Prison sentence that can be written off for Narcotics children is no longer than ½ (one half) of the maximum prison sentence for adults.
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Ann Abate, Michelle. "From Christian Conversion to Children’s Crusade: The Left Behind Series for Kids and the Changing Nature of Evangelical Juvenile Fiction". Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures 2, nr 1 (czerwiec 2010): 84–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jeunesse.2.1.84.
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This essay builds on the author’s previous work on the Left Behind novels for kids, arguing that while current socio-political conditions have certainly contributed to the success of the series, an earlier phenomenon informs its literary structure: the many novels and stories produced by the American Sunday School Union (ASSU). The numerous literary, cultural, religious, and historical details that connect ASSU fiction and the Left Behind: The Kids series demonstrate significant continuities in the projects of US evangelical Christianity over more than a century. The closing section discusses how the differences between the current crop of evangelical narratives and the historical ones are just as instructive as their similarities, for they demonstrate changing conceptions of children and childhood in the United States, and the place and purpose of religious-themed narratives for young readers on the eve of the new millennium and in the opening decade of the twenty-first century.
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Christophi, Rebecca L. "In Defense of the Harvest". After Dinner Conversation 2, nr 11 (2021): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/adc2021211105.
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What rights should prisoners on death row have to their body, or to their organs? In this work of philosophical short fiction, the narrator tells the story of his own family that lead to the law that allowed organs to be harvested from criminals (both living and after being put to death) to save the lives of the most needy. In the story, the narrator and his family have two children, the older Rupert, and the far younger Sadie. Rupert returns to live with the family and continues to show strong violent tendencies. He threatens to hurt the family and there is a plan to ask him to move out. Rupert overhears the plans, goes into a rage, and cuts out Sadie’s eyes with a knife. Later, under the new law, Sadie is provided a new set of eyes from a criminal; likely Rupert.
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Dixon, Phillip E. "Six Dart Out". After Dinner Conversation 4, nr 9 (2023): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/adc20234984.
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Would you trade the life of a loved one (or five strangers) for your own? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, Marc owns a struggling bar, and uses the money from it to support his struggling family. His wife is pregnant with twins. After the bar closes a stranger comes in, Death, and tells Marc he has slipped, hit is head, died, and she has come to collect him. Death comes to all, but is willing to make a deal. Marc and continue his life in exchange for the life of one of his unborn twins? Or, if he’d prefer, he can trade is life for five strangers of his choosing. What he does know is, without a father, his unborn children are going to have a very difficult future ahead of them. In the end, Marc decides to accept his fate and pass on.
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Joo, Soohyung, Erin Ingram i Maria Cahill. "Exploring Topics and Genres in Storytime Books: A Text Mining Approach". Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 16, nr 4 (15.12.2021): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29963.
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Objective – While storytime programs for preschool children are offered in nearly all public libraries in the United States, little is known about the books librarians use in these programs. This study employed text analysis to explore topics and genres of books recommended for public library storytime programs. Methods – In the study, the researchers randomly selected 429 children books recommended for preschool storytime programs. Two corpuses of text were extracted from the titles, abstracts, and subject terms from bibliographic data. Multiple text mining methods were employed to investigate the content of the selected books, including term frequency, bi-gram analysis, topic modeling, and sentiment analysis. Results – The findings revealed popular topics in storytime books, including animals/creatures, color, alphabet, nature, movements, families, friends, and others. The analysis of bibliographic data described various genres and formats of storytime books, such as juvenile fiction, rhymes, board books, pictorial work, poetry, folklore, and nonfiction. Sentiment analysis results reveal that storytime books included a variety of words representing various dimensions of sentiment. Conclusion – The findings suggested that books recommended for storytime programs are centered around topics of interest to children that also support school readiness. In addition to selecting fictionalized stories that will support children in developing the academic concepts and socio-emotional skills necessary for later success, librarians should also be mindful of integrating informational texts into storytime programs.
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Mazurkiewicz, Adam. "Kryminałki dla najmłodszych. O nurcie polskiej literatury kryminalnej adresowanej do dziecięco-młodzieżowego czytelnika po roku 1989. Rekonesans". Literatura i Kultura Popularna 23 (31.05.2018): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0867-7441.23.9.
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Crime stories for the youngest. About the current of Polish crime novels addressed to children and teenagers after 1989: ReconnaissanceLiterature intended for children and teenagers has got a specific character because of the specificity of the reader. What attracts our attention is first of all the didactic level of texts addressed to young concerning both age and literary knowledge readers and the instrumentalism, understood as a flow of particular information which aim is exerting a pedagogical influence. Therefore, the criminal intrigue is not in the centre of reader’s attention. It does, however, play an important role as the fiction mode, which enables genealogical instantiation of a particular text. This property draws the crime story for children and teenagers near to the novel of manner which is addressed to the juvenile reader; in this novel, the central theme point remains the closest setting of a protagonist, who is modelled on the assumed reader and his or her relationship with surroundings. The criminal thread is then fulfilling a function of a background which allows boosting the plot of the novel. However, reading texts for children and teenagers can be treated as an introduction to adult-oriented novels, especially when the reader has an opportunity to solve the mystery together with protagonists and outrun them in uncloaking the killer.
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Adhuze, Dr Helen Idowu. "The Face And Phases Of Anthropomorphism In Children’s Literature". Tasambo Journal of Language, Literature, and Culture 1, nr 1 (20.12.2022): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2022.v01i01.006.
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Anthropomorphism, the imposition of human traits on nonhuman objects and animals, is an ancient tradition in the art of storytelling. Existing studies on anthropomorphism in literature have mostly focused on its being a satirical device in adult fiction but paid less attention to how anthropomorphism is constructed in literature for children. This study was executed to examine the depiction of anthropomorphism through folktales, modern fables, and digitales-in selected contemporary Nigerian prose narratives for children intending to establish the use of anthropomorphized characters to bring abstract concepts to life. Jean Piaget’s cognitive constructivism was adopted as the theoretical framework for the study. Five narratives were purposively selected because of their relevance to the study. The narratives were subjected to critical analyses. The face of anthropomorphism is revealed as a rhetorical tool through personification and metaphoric expressions. Anthropomorphism in children’s narratives serves as an attention grabber and a means of giving concrete information on learning through cognitive constructivism which is effective through a literature-based learning experience. In juvenile literature, anthropomorphism is used in building a relational attitude between the young readers and the fictional characters in the text for subtle facilitation of knowledge.
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Lowing, Fenia S. G., Emma V.T Senewe i Devy K.G Sondakh. "PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP ANAK PELAKU TERORISME DI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HAK ASASI MANUSIA". Jurnal Hukum to-ra : Hukum Untuk Mengatur dan Melindungi Masyarakat 9, nr 3 (22.12.2023): 448–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.55809/tora.v9i3.249.
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Children of terrorism cannot be considered as perpetrators of crimes, but victims of crime, victims of terrorism networks, victims of doctrine, exploitation of thoughts, propaganda from parents or adults around them so they must be protected specifically. Children like this should not be imprisoned, but must be educated, given counseling, rehabilitated and social assistance. Judging from the Law on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, the imposition of death penalty and life imprisonment does not apply to perpetrators of criminal acts of terrorism who are under 18 years of age or who are still classified as children. The state is also obliged to provide special protection for children who commit acts of terrorism. As for the legal arrangements for child perpetrators of terrorism from the perspective of human rights in Indonesia, it is regulated in several national regulations.
Keywords: child of terrorism, human rights
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Fukuda, Andrew M., Arash Adami, Viorela Pop, John A. Bellone, Jacqueline S. Coats, Richard E. Hartman, Stephen Ashwal, Andre Obenaus i Jerome Badaut. "Posttraumatic Reduction of Edema with Aquaporin-4 RNA Interference Improves Acute and Chronic Functional Recovery". Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 33, nr 10 (31.07.2013): 1621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2013.118.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common in young children and adolescents and is associated with long-term disability and mortality. The neuropathologic sequelae that result from juvenile TBI are a complex cascade of events that include edema formation and brain swelling. Brain aquaporin-4 (AQP4) has a key role in edema formation. Thus, development of novel treatments targeting AQP4 to reduce edema could lessen the neuropathologic sequelae. We hypothesized that inhibiting AQP4 expression by injection of small-interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting AQP4 (siAQP4) after juvenile TBI would decrease edema formation, neuroinflammation, neuronal cell death, and improve neurologic outcomes. The siAQP4 or a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)-free control siRNA (siGLO) was injected lateral to the trauma site after controlled cortical impact in postnatal day 17 rats. Magnetic resonance imaging, neurologic testing, and immunohistochemistry were performed to assess outcomes. Pups treated with siAQP4 showed acute (3 days after injury) improvements in motor function and in spatial memory at long term (60 days after injury) compared with siGLO-treated animals. These improvements were associated with decreased edema formation, increased microglial activation, decreased blood–brain barrier disruption, reduced astrogliosis and neuronal cell death. The effectiveness of our treatment paradigm was associated with a 30% decrease in AQP4 expression at the injection site.
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Díaz-Cuesta, José, Mar Asensio Aróstegui i David Caldevilla Domínguez. "Textual Analysis of the Masculinities Portrayed in Hook (Steven Spielberg, 1991)". VISUAL REVIEW. International Visual Culture Review / Revista Internacional de Cultura Visual 15, nr 3 (15.03.2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37467/revvisual.v15.4958.
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This article focuses on the masculinities shown throughout Steven Spielberg’s Hook, following Pat Kirkham and Janet Thumim’s four sites of masculinities in film.Robin Williams’s character (Peter Banning/Pan) evolves from belonging to the business man prototype (Peter Banning) to becoming an adult-although-rejuvenated Peter Pan. His body is shown in action when BanninG/Pan attempts to behave in a more juvenile way. Banning/Pan’s external world is defined by his fatherhood, which involves both quality and quantity time spent with his children. The internal world is related to Banning/Pan’s fear of flying and death.
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Stevanus, Kalis, i Maria Setiarini. "Perkembangan Emosional Remaja Yatim Piatu". MAGENANG : Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen 3, nr 1 (30.04.2022): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.51667/mjtpk.v3i1.723.
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It is undeniable that the death of biological parents can affect the emotional development of children. The purpose of this study is to reveal the reality of the emotional development of orphaned adolescents at the Dorkas Sidoarjo Orphanage. To answer the purpose of the author uses a literature study research method in a phenomenological perspective. The findings of this study there are two factors that influence the emotional development of adolescents. The internal factor is the age when teenagers face the death of one or both of their parents, which greatly affects their emotional development: feelings of worthlessness, anxiety and depression arise and some even fall into juvenile delinquency who deal with the police. The external factor is spiritual development and is also supported by a conducive atmosphere full of kinship in the orphanage which has a positive impact on emotional development.
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Pasande, Ratih. "SCREENING FOR TUBERCULOSIS DISEASE AMONG CHILDREN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW". Journal of Advance Research in Medical & Health Science (ISSN: 2208-2425) 9, nr 9 (2.09.2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnmhs.v9i9.1838.
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Introduction : One of the top 10 causes of death worldwide is tuberculosis (TB). An estimated 10 million new cases of TB, including 1.2 million in children, were reported in 2019. Due to the symptoms of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) being similar to those of other juvenile illnesses and the difficulty in obtaining lung samples due to children's propensity to swallow sputum, diagnosing pediatric TB is challenging. Methods : This systematic review's objective was to find reliable screening techniques for paediatric tuberculosis diagnosis. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were all searched in accordance with PRISMA standards.The words "screening" and "(Tuberculosis) OR (TB) OR (TB)" and "(Children")" were used. Result : This investigation covered a total of five studies. TST and IGRA are recommended by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as techniques for diagnosing M. tuberculosis infection, with certain preferences and considerations. For testing children younger than 5 years old, TST is preferred over IGRA. Conclusion :Testing BCG recipients (either as a therapy or a vaccine) or patients with subpar TST findings is preferred to be done with IGRAs.
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Uma, T. "Childhood Experience - the Building Blocks of Life: A Psychoanalytical Study of Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s Fiction One Amazing Thing". Shanlax International Journal of English 8, nr 2 (1.03.2020): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/english.v8i2.1810.
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Some people cannot love even their family members, while some seemingly normal people have few paradoxical qualities. Is there a connection between their strange behavior and their childhood experiences? What is the role of childhood in the character development of a person? The psychologists consider childhood experiences as the building blocks of a person’s personality. Freud believed that the child’s bond with the parents is the key to his/her psyche. Erikson divides a person’s life into eight stages of development. Every child faces a crisis or a challenge at each stage. The resolution of the crisis would lead to the acquisition of virtue, while failure caused maladaptive. Karen Horney also puts forth similar views. If the child’s basic need is not met, he/ she would either move towards people or move against or move away from people. This article examines the portrayal of children, their challenges, idiosyncrasies, and impact of their experiences on their psyche in the fiction One Amazing Thing, written by famous Indian American author Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni from a psychoanalytical perspective. She has written a few children’s novels also. A master storyteller, she weaves reality, imagination, and psychology together and creates both adult and juvenile characters who are true to life.
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Sormin, Anggreana Elisabeth Roria, Rizkan Zulyadi i Taufik Siregar. "Kewenangan Hakim dalam Memutus Perkara Tindak Pidana Anak Pelaku Pengeroyokan yang Menyebabkan Kematian pada Putusan No. 5/Pid.Sus-Anak /2021 /Pn. Sim." Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) 5, nr 3 (19.02.2023): 2044–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v5i3.1539.
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This study raises the formulation of the problem, namely (1) How to regulate the authority of judges according to laws and regulations, (2) How are the factors that influence the crime of beatings that cause death by children, (3) What are the basic considerations of judges at the Simalungun District Court in decide on a criminal case in case no. 5/Pid-Child/2021/PN. Sim. The research method uses a normative juridical method by analyzing the laws and regulations and conceptually by analyzing descriptive data analysis. The results of this study indicate that the rule of law regarding the authority of judges according to the legislation, namely Law no. 48 of 2009 concerning judicial power and Joint Regulation of the Constitutional Court and the Judicial Commission of the Republic of Indonesia Number 047/KMA/SKB/IV/2009-02/SKB/P.KY/IV/2009 concerning guidelines for enforcing codes of ethics and guidelines for judge behavior, the factors that influence the crime of beatings that cause death by children, and the Basis for Consideration of the Judges of the Simalungun District Court in Deciding the Criminal Case of Beating Perpetrated by Children in the Decision on Criminal Case No. 5 Pid.Sus-Child/2021/PN. Sim. The judge considering that the juvenile justice system must prioritize the Restorative Justice approach, and must strive for diversion with the aim of achieving peace between victims and children, resolving child cases outside the judicial process, preventing children from being deprived of independence, encouraging the community to participate and instilling a sense of responsibility to children. Suggestions from this thesis are the imposition of criminal sanctions for children, judges should consider prison sentences for children, this is to avoid children from negative influences in the prison environment.
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Giovani, Eldytha, Elly Sudarti i Dessy Rakhmawati. "Dasar Pertimbangan Hakim Dalam Menjatuhkan Pidana Bersyarat Kepada Anak Pelaku Yang Menyebabkan Kematian". PAMPAS: Journal of Criminal Law 5, nr 2 (18.06.2024): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pampas.v5i2.33289.
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This study aims to analyze and find out the basis and reasons for the panel of judges to impose criminal conditional on children who are perpetrators of abuse that cause death. The role of the authorized judge in imposing the sentence must go through various considerations. In verdict No. 12/Pid.sus-Anak/2021/PN Jmb it pertains to a severe assault case where the victim died as a result of the juvenile's delinquent behavior. This study uses a normative juridical method. The findings of this research reveal that the imposition of criminal conditional on children who are in confront with the law because judges is primarily based on sociological considerations. Sociological considerations encompass aggravating and mitigating factors, which the judge is obliged to include in the verdict according to Article 197, paragraph (1) of the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code. The main reason for the panel of judges to impose a suspended sentence is not for retribution purposes but to provide an opportunity for the juvenile to reintegrate into society and become a better individual, hence the child is given a criminal conditional with the general conditions of probation for 10 (ten) months and specific conditions that must be fullfilled in accordance with Article 14 of the Indonesian Criminal Code and this case adhered to the guidelines of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System.
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Ostalska, Katarzyna. "“A right kind of rogue”: Lisa McInerney’s "The Glorious Heresies" (2015) and "The Blood Miracles" (2017)". Text Matters, nr 9 (30.12.2019): 237–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2083-2931.09.15.
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The following article analyzes two novels, published recently by a new, powerful voice in Irish fiction, Lisa McInerney: her critically acclaimed debut The Glorious Heresies (2015) and its continuation The Blood Miracles (2017). McInerney’s works can be distinguished by the crucial qualities of the Irish Noir genre. The Glorious Heresies and The Blood Miracles are presented from the perspective of a middle-aged “right-rogue” heroine, Maureen Phelan. Due to her violent and law-breaking revenge activities, such as burning down the institutions signifying Irishwomen’s oppression (i.e. the church and a former brothel) and committing an involuntary murder, Maureen remains a multi-dimensional rogue character, not easily definable or even identifiable. The focal character’s narrative operates around the abuse of unmarried, young Irish mothers of previous generations who were coerced to give up their “illegitimate” children for adoption and led a solitary existence away from them. The article examines other “options” available to “fallen women” (especially unmarried mothers) in Ireland in the mid-twenty century, such as the Magdalene Laundries based on female slave work, and sending children born “out of wedlock” abroad, or to Mother and Baby Homes with high death-rates. Maureen’s rage and her need for retaliation speak for Irish women who, due to the Church-governed moral code, were held in contempt both by their families and religious authorities. As a representative of the Irish noir genre, McInerney’s fiction depicts the narrative of “rogue” Irish motherhood in a non-apologetic, ironic, irreverent and vengeful manner.
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Koniushevska, Alla A., Тatiana A. Parkhomenko, Natalia V. Vaizer, Olga V. Tymoshyna i Maria V. Kuzevanova. "CLINICAL CASE: RARE COURSE OF JUVENILE SCLERODERMA IN RESIDENTS OF DONETSK REGION". Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal 10, nr 1 (2022): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2022;10(1):17-24.
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The article presents a clinical case of a rare onset and a special clinical course of juvenile scleroderma. A clinical case of a child who was born and lives in the ecologically unfavorable industrial Donetsk region is described. The literature review of influence of unfavorable environment on morbidity and features of autoimmune pathology course in patients of Donetsk region is offered. In particular, the literature indicates that negative environmental factors lead to an increase in the progression of systemic scleroderma; over the past 20 years, there has been a tendency to increased mortality of children suffering from it, which is associated with deteriorating environmental conditions in industrial regions. The growing incidence and prevalence of scleroderma, the variety of clinical manifestations, and difficulties in early diagnosis of the disease make it important to study the options for the course of this pathology in children and adolescents in the early stages of the disease. A feature of this clinical case was the onset of juvenile scleroderma with severe convulsive syndrome at the age of 8 years, which required Finlepsin at a dose of 200 mg daily. Further course was also uncharacteristic: within 2 years, there was a linear indentation in the forehead on the right side; the patient was diagnosed with linear "saber-shaped" limited scleroderma, Parry–Romberg facial hemiatrophy syndrome, and further developed manifestations of systemic involvement, lesions of internal organs: pneumofibrosis and scleroderma esophagitis. The management and observation of the patient are presented here. It was emphasized that early aggressive intervention led to the prevention of severe organ pathology and death. The described clinical case expands the knowledge of physicians on the clinical polymorphism of the onset and course of the disease, which allows faster and more accurate identification of the disease, timely and adequate therapy, and will lead to earlier stabilization and remission of the disease.
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Bogmat, Ludmila, Natalia Shevchenko, Viktoria Nikonova, Tetiana Holovko, Iryna Bessonova i Anastasia Fadeeva. "Dynamics of kidney disorders in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis taking into account therapy resume". 44, nr 44 (14.04.2022): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2313-6693-2022-44-02.
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Introduction. In the study of the course and consequences of rheumatic diseases much attention is paid to comorbid conditions that significantly affect the function of internal organs, including kidneys. According to the concept of cardiorenal ratios, even minor renal impairment can be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events and death. Objective. To determine the features of functional disorders of the kidneys in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), taking into account the nature of the disease and therapy. Materials and methods. 85 children (8–18 years) with JIA, oligo- (61.5 %) and polyarthritis (38.5 %), 63 girls and 22 boys were examined. The average duration of the disease was 84.13 ± 6.28 months. The study was conducted twice with an interval of one year. Determination of renal status included studies of urinary sediment, concentration and nitrogen excretion capacity of the kidneys (fluctuations in specific weight during the day, daily proteinuria, creatinine and urea in the blood, glomerular filtration rate (GFR)). Statistical processing of the material was performed using parametric (Student's t-test (p), Fisher's angular transformation) and non-parametric parameters (Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney), correlation and regression analysis. Results. Changes in renal function did not depend on the sex of patients and included proteinuria (9.09 %), namely microalbuminuria, which occurred in all variants of arthritis; reduction of GFR (8.26 %) – only in polyarthritis and uveitis-associated variants. Comparison of the frequency of renal changes in patients with varying degrees of disease activity showed their absence in the inactive stage of JIA. With active inflammatory process functional disorders of the kidneys occurred from 16.67 % to 26.32 % of cases, regardless of the degree of activity One year later there are positive changes: increased glomerular filtration rate (p ≤ 0.05), a tendency to decrease serum creatinine (p ≤ 0.1) on the background of basic methotrexate therapy up to 15 mg/m2/week. The combination of methotrexate therapy with the anti-TNF immunobiological drug (adalimumab) showed greater efficacy in improving renal function, a significant increase in GFR (p ≤ 0.05), a decrease in serum creatinine (p ≤ 0.05) and proteinuria (р ≤ 0,05). Conclusions. Children with JIA have changes in renal function, more often with uveitis-associated arthritis and methotrexate over 15 mg/m2/week. The inclusion of immunobiological drugs in the treatment not only reduces the activity of the disease, but also reduces the risk of concomitant comorbid lesions of internal organs, including kidneys.
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Xu, Yiran, Yanyan Sun, Kai Zhou, Tao Li, Cuicui Xie, Yaodong Zhang, Juan Rodriguez i in. "Cranial Irradiation Induces Hypothalamic Injury and Late-Onset Metabolic Disturbances in Juvenile Female Rats". Developmental Neuroscience 40, nr 2 (2018): 120–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000487923.
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Cranial radiotherapy is one of the most effective tools for treating children with brain tumors. However, radiotherapy-induced late-onset side effects have a significant impact on patients’ quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of irradiation on metabolism and the possible molecular and cellular mechanisms behind such effects. Female Wistar rats were subjected to a single dose of 6-Gy whole-brain irradiation on postnatal day 11. The animals were sacrificed 6 h or 20 weeks after irradiation. Cell death and proliferation, microglial activation, and inflammation were analyzed and RNA sequencing was performed. We found that irradiation led to a significantly increased body weight from 15 weeks (p < 0.05) along with white adipose tissue accumulation and adipocyte hypertrophy at 20 weeks, and these changes were accompanied by glucose and lipid metabolic disturbances as indicated by reduced glucose tolerance, increased insulin resistance, increased serum triglycerides, and an increased leptin/adiponectin ratio. Furthermore, irradiation induced cell death, microglial activation, inflammation, and persistent astrocyte reactivity in the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic transcriptome analysis showed that 865 genes were downregulated and 290 genes were upregulated in the irradiated group 20 weeks after irradiation, and further pathway analysis showed that the insulin resistance-related PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and the energy expenditure-related adipocytokine signaling pathway were downregulated. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that the expression of fatty acid metabolism-related proteins and effector proteins was significantly different in the irradiation group. This study demonstrates that ionizing radiation to the juvenile female brain induces hypothalamic damage that is likely to be associated with delayed metabolic abnormalities, and this critical vulnerability of the hypothalamus to irradiation should be taken into consideration in the development of future protective strategies for radiotherapy.
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Oliveira, Jusciele. ""I make films to be seen": the narrative issue of Flora Gomes". Journal of Science and Technology of the Arts 11, nr 1 (10.09.2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7559/citarj.v11i1.587.
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The feature films by Flora Gomes: Mortu nega (1988), Udju azul di Yonta (1992), Po di sangui (1996), Nha fala (2002) and Republica di mininus (2012) narrate stories that speak of transits, music, woman, children, war, (neo)colonialism, cosmogony, life, death, love, birth, migration, of tradition, modernity, collectivity; using as scenario, the countryside, outdoors, with ironic, critical and metaphorical speeches. In this sense, the present abstract "I make films to be seen": an analysis of the film narrative of Flora Gomes" proposes emphasizing the elements of narrative cinematography of the fiction films of Flora Gomes present in the discourse, in themes, in the soundtrack, in orality, in time, in duration, in space, in camera movements, in the preparation of actors, in the work of illumination of the black body, in the scenery, not the visual metaphors of this director.
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Pabiś, Małgorzata, i Kinga Augustowska-Kruszyńska. "Suicide attempts at the age of 10-18 in Lublin". Pielegniarstwo XXI wieku / Nursing in the 21st Century 19, nr 4 (1.12.2020): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pielxxiw-2020-0023.
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AbstractIntroduction. The number of children and adolescents hospitalized due to suicide attempts caused by stress, low self-esteem, lack of acceptance and peer violence, as well as family problems, increases every year. In addition, there may occur disturbed self-perception or depression. This is a very complex phenomenon, the scale of which should induce immediate multidimensional activities.Aim. Analysis of the occurrence of suicide attempts among minors on the example of the city of Lublin.Material and methods. The statistical data obtained from the Polish Police Headquarter and from the report of the Foundation We Give Children Strength – “Children count 2017” was analyzed and a review of the literature on the subject for the years 2014-2018 developed using the descriptive method was made.Results. The report of the Foundation We Give Children Strength shows a huge scale of the phenomenon. According to its data, as many as 72% of children aged 11-17 have experienced at least one form of abuse in their lives, 7% of respondents have attempted suicide, and 16% of teenagers have mutilated themselves. The statistics conducted in Poland in 2017-2018 recorded: in 2017 the number of 116, and in 2018 – 97 suicide attempts ended in death. There were 5 deaths in 2017 and 9 in 2018 in Lubelskie Voivodeship, what shows an increase by 80% in 12 months. In the 7-12 age group in 2017, only one suicide attempt ended up in death was reported, in 2018 the number increased to 5 – none of them concerned the Lublin Province.Conclusions. Suicide attempts ending up in death in 2018 accounted for 2.30% of suicide attempts undertaken in Lublin, while in Poland they constituted 1.87%. The main reasons for suicide attempts among minors are: the lack of acceptance, low self-esteem and peer violence, both physical and mental. Mass media have an influence on juvenile suicides. Belief in “multiple lives” perpetuated by computer games and films can have an impact on suicide attempts.
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Akhbar A, Tengku Fachreza, Maswandi Maswandi i Arie Kartika. "Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Anak Dalam Tindak Pidana Pencurian Dengan Kekerasan Yang Mengakibatkan Matinya Korban (Studi Putusan No. 37/Pid.Sus-Anak/2017/PN. Mdn)". JUNCTO: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 1, nr 2 (29.06.2019): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/juncto.v1i2.203.
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Protection of children as perpetrators of crime will never stop throughout the history of life, because children are the next generation of the nation and the next generation of development, that is, the generation prepared as subjects for implementing sustainable development and controlling the future of a country. This type of research is normative juridical and descriptive analyst. The legal arrangements for the theft of violence with the result that the death of a victim is regulated in Article 365 of the Criminal Law Act, linked to Law 35 of 2014 Amendment to Law No.23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection, and Law No. 11 of 2012 Amendment to Law No. 3 of 1997 concerning Juvenile Courts. Legal protection that children get protection, accompanied by a Legal Counsel, Psychologist, the existence of peace efforts between the parties concerned. Sanctions and sentences in Decision No. 37 / Pid.Sus-Anak / 2017 / PN. Mdn because the perpetrators violated Article 365 paragraph (4) of the Criminal Code, considering Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Criminal Justice System for Children, the offender was sentenced to a prison sentence of six years.