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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Children – Death – Juvenile fiction"
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Murphy, Kevin A. "Providing Models Of Dying: Middle-Class Childhood, Death, and American Juvenile Fiction, 1790–1860". Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth 11, nr 2 (2018): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2018.0029.
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Razina, Irina S. "Elements of Myth in David Almond’s Fiction". Izvestia Ural Federal University Journal Series 1. Issues in Education, Science and Culture 28, nr 2 (2022): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv1.2022.28.2.029.
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The study considers how motifs and plots borrowed from mythology function in David Almond’s fiction for children. Almond uses them to analyze the fundamental concepts of love and death, as well as to discuss teenage sexuality. He highlights the role of creative activities in teen identity development. Myth is also incorporated into descriptions of children undergoing rites of passage.
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Permatasari, Astri Ratna, i Effendy Saragih. "PROSES PENYIDIKAN ANAK PELAKU TINDAK PENGANIAYAAN YANG MENGAKIBATKAN KEMATIAN BERDASARKAN UU NO.11 TAHUN 2012". AMICUS CURIAE 1, nr 1 (12.03.2024): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/amicus.v1i1.19555.
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The important role of kids as part of defending the life of the nation and state requires the government's awareness to guarantee the right to life of every child. Children need to be protected against all conditions and circumstances, including Juvenile Criminal Justice which they are not familiar with. The difference between the Juvenile Criminal Justice system and adult justice requires certain requirements for law enforcers within it. Juvenile justice involves direct or indirect investigators, child public prosecutors, and juvenile judges in court proceedings. The handling of cases of children who commit criminal acts is regulated in Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. The results of this study are (1) The process of investigating children who are perpetrators of abuse resulting in death according to Law Number 11 of 2012 at the Tangerang City Police; (2) There are obstacles in the process of investigating children as perpetrators of abuse resulting in death at the Tangerang City Police.
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Hermi, Hermi Asmawati. "TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA ANAK SEBAGAI PELAKU PENGANIAYAAN YANG MENGAKIBATKAN KEMATIAN MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2012 TENTANG SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA ANAK". Jurnal Hukum Legalita 4, nr 2 (30.12.2022): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47637/legalita.v4i2.640.
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The purpose of implementing Juvenile Criminal Justice System is actually not only aimed at imposing criminal sanctions on children alone, but is more focused as a means of supporting the realization of the welfare of children who commit crimes. The research aims to find out how the criminal responsibility of minors as perpetrators of abuse resulting in death is according to the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Act. This study uses a normative legal method with a statutory approach. The results of the study show that the criminal responsibility of children who are perpetrators of abuse that cause death must prioritizes restorative justice processes and diversion as the main options. However, if in his judgment the child perpetrator of the crime cannot be carried out, the judge must decide the case based on the provisions of the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law.
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Harris, Anjelica. "“We Can’t Just Throw Our Children Away”". Texas A&M Law Review 7, nr 3 (maj 2020): 613–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v7.i3.4.
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In the words of Supreme Court Justice Elena Kagan, children are different. The issue of how to sentence juvenile offenders has long been controversial. Although psychology acknowledges the connection between incomplete juvenile brain development and increased criminality, the justice system lags behind in how it handles juvenile offenders. A prime example is the case of Bobby Bostic, who at the age of sixteen was charged with eighteen offenses and sentenced to 241 years in prison. This sentence, known as a term-of-years or virtual life sentence, essentially guarantees that no matter what Bobby does or who he proves himself to be as an adult, he will die in prison. Since Bobby’s sentencing in 1997, the Supreme Court has held that sentencing juveniles to death violates the Eighth Amendment and has banned life without parole for juvenile offenders. Despite landmark Supreme Court decisions, a gap in the law continues to exist when it comes to juvenile non-homicide of- fenders who are certified and tried as adults. Thousands of juvenile offenders are now trapped in the legal gap that exists in the distinction, or lack thereof, between life without parole and lengthy term-of-years sentences. This Comment will explore the gap in the law, the various ways the States have chosen to handle this issue, and will propose a possible solution for Texas.
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Orr, Mary. "Reflections on a British ‘Re-civilising’ Mission: Sarah (Bowdich) Lee's Playing at Settlers, or the Faggot House". International Research in Children's Literature 5, nr 2 (grudzień 2012): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2012.0059.
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Imperial and colonial juvenile literature is assumed to be ‘an excellent reflector of the dominant ideas of an age’ (Mackenzie). This article by contrast argues for a less mimetic view through close rereading of Mrs R. Lee's Playing at Settlers, or the Faggot House (1855) , particularly its unfinished critiques of high colonialism from within. The actions of its enlightened British juvenile protagonists to educate their peers, and adult interlocutors, makes this text ‘settler’ and ‘Robinsonade’ fiction with a difference, as much for Britons at home as for those overseas. The tensions, cultural specificities and multi-colonial dimensions of the text explored in this article then suggest avenues for further research on juvenile works of the period, whether British or other European. Recovery of other similar, yet forgotten, works for children not only invites more informed reappraisal of them, but also of over-zealous postcolonial readings of the ‘civilising mission’ that have denied vociferous counter-colonial voices in juvenile, next-generational form.
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Kroese, Janique, Wim Bernasco, Aart C. Liefbroer i Jan Rouwendal. "Single-Parent Families and Adolescent Crime: Unpacking the Role of Parental Separation, Parental Decease, and Being Born to a Single-Parent Family". Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology 7, nr 4 (grudzień 2021): 596–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40865-021-00183-7.
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AbstractAddressing a gap in the extant literature on single-parent families and juvenile delinquency, we distinguish between different types of single-parent families. Using Dutch population register data on nearly 1.3 million children, we performed logistic regressions to assess the relation between growing up in a single-parent family before age 12 and the likelihood to engage in juvenile delinquency during adolescence. Our findings suggest that the likelihood of juvenile delinquency increases (1) when children are born to a single parent, followed by children with separated parents and children experiencing parental death, compared to children growing up with both biological parents; (2) when the single-parent family started at a younger age; and (3) when children grow up with only a biological mother, for both sons and daughters, compared to only a biological father. The relationship between growing up in single-parent families and juvenile delinquency is much more complex than often assumed. Future research should pay more attention to diversity in the composition of single-parent families.
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Nigst, Lorenz. "Druze Reincarnation in Fiction". Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies 19 (1.08.2019): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jais.7048.
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In the Druze outlook, each human soul completes successive life-circuits as different human beings. If one of these human beings dies, the soul immediately migrates to the body of a newborn child. Normally, it is unknown who the soul was previously. However, in exceptional cases, mostly young children remember and “speak” about a previous life that usually came to an unexpected and tragic end. This also represents the backdrop of Anīs Yaḥyà’s novel Jasad kāna lī, which is set in a Druze context and revolves around a murder case and a little girl that remembers her death and names her murderer. The subject of transmigration is omnipresent in the novel. As this article seeks to show, this turns the novel into a highly relevant source for anthropological research into the Druze understanding of transmigration. The novel not only corroborates respective findings, but also complements them and thus contributes to a fuller understanding of the social and discursive presence of transmigration and “speaking” in Druze contexts. At the same time, anthropological research seems essential for a more profound understanding of this particular thematic dimension of the novel.
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Aggarwal, A., S. Phatak, P. Srivastava, A. Lawrence, V. Agarwal i R. Misra. "Outcomes in juvenile onset lupus: single center cohort from a developing country". Lupus 27, nr 11 (2.08.2018): 1867–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203318791046.
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Introduction About 10–20% of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have onset in childhood and have more severe organ involvement. Survival of juvenile SLE patients is improving worldwide. Long-term data of childhood onset SLE from developing countries is scarce. Methods Clinical and laboratory data at initial presentation and follow-up visits were retrieved from clinic files, hospital information system and personal interviews. Treatment received, complications, flares, outcomes and death were recorded. Survival was calculated using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and regression analysis was done for predictors of mortality. Results Children with SLE ( n = 273, 250 girls) had a median age at onset of 14 years and duration of illness prior to diagnosis at our hospital of 1 year. Fever and arthritis were the most common presenting manifestations. Renal disease was seen in 60.5% and central nervous system (CNS) disease in 29%. The median follow-up period in 248 patients was 3.5 years. Fourteen children died, and 10 of these had active disease at the time of death. The mean actuarial survival was 24.5 years and survival rates at 1, 5 and 10 years were 97.9%, 95% and 89% respectively. Fever, CNS disease, anti-dsDNA levels and serious infections predicted death on univariate and multivariate analysis. Infections were seen in 72 children (26.3%), and 38 of these infections were serious. One-third of the patients had damage on the last follow-up. Flares were seen in 120 children, the majority being major flares. Conclusion Outcomes of pediatric SLE in North Indian children are similar to those seen in developed countries. Infections pose a major challenge in these patients.
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Morey, Ann-Janine. "In Memory of Cassie: Child Death and Religious Vision in American Women's Novels". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 6, nr 1 (1996): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.1996.6.1.03a00050.
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This article investigates the contribution of several twentieth-century women writers to the legacy of women's writing about child death and scriptural consolation. The suffering and death of children constitutes the most intractable of religious problems, and recent studies of parental grieving support women's literary treatment of child death. Thus, just as child death creates a unique religious space, it may also demand its own literary category and aesthetic. By considering the unique dimensions of parental grieving, and by looking at how Perri Klass, Toni Morrison, and Harriette Arnow handle this subject, it is possible to gain fresh literary perspective on the fiction of nineteenth-century American women, many of whom also addressed the problem of child death and scriptural consolation. Women writers create children who are more than literary or symbolic commodities, and, in so doing, these writers challenge us to reevaluate scriptural and social perspectives on child death.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Children – Death – Juvenile fiction"
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Struyk-Bonn, Christina. "Whisper". PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1150.
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Whisper was a reject, living in a world so polluted and damaged that many humans and animals alike were born with defects. She'd grown up in an outcast camp far from any village, and those who lived in the camp were like her: disfigured. But on her sixteenth birthday, Whisper's father came to take her back to the village where she was to fill her mother's vacated spot and perform duties for the family. Her job was to cook, clean, wash the clothes, and maintain the family property. At night she was chained to the doghouse. Her uncle decided that Whisper could make far more money for the family by other means. He escorted her to the city where he brought her to the Purgatory Palace which was full of people like her, people with disfigurements who had been abandoned by their families and lived in the city for one reason only -to beg for money. Whisper refused to beg, and instead used the violin she'd received from her mother, and played songs for the money she earned. This became tolerable for a time. But Whisper missed her forest home with an ache as cold as the city and she missed the other rejects from the camp in the woods. When she was accused of attacking a store attendant, she found herself in jail. She was rescued by Solomon, a man who had heard her songs on the street corners and said that she played as only a genius could. He offered her a place at The Conservatory of Music, where she would study the violin with him. Whisper accepted this offer but even though she was warm, safe, and played music every day, she did not fit in at The University and knew that she never would. This is a young adult novel about Whisper, trying to find a place in a world that doesn't accept her. It is a story of rejection, pollution and social status. Whisper discovers that through perseverance, friends and determination, anyone can find a way to fit.
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Crockford, Alison Nicole. "Undead children : reconsidering death and the child figure in late nineteenth-century fiction". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7883.
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The Victorian obsession with the child is also often, in the world of literary criticism at least, an obsession with death, whether the death of the child itself or simply the inevitable death of childhood as a seemingly Edenic state of being. This study seeks to consider the way in which the child figure, in texts by four authors published at the end of the nineteenth century, is aligned with an inversion of this relationship. For Walter Pater, Vernon Lee, George MacDonald, and Henry James, the child is bound up instead with un-death, with a construction of death which seeks to remove the finitude, even the mortality, of death itself, or else a death which is expected or anticipated, yet always deferred. While in “The Child in the House” (1878) and “Emerald Uthwart” (1892), Pater places the child at the nexus of his construction of a death which is, rather than a finite ending, a return or a re-beginning, Lee's interest in the child figure's unique access to a world of art, explored in “The Child in the Vatican” (1883) and “Christkindchen” (1897) culminates in a dazzling vision of aesthetic transcendence with “Sister Benvenuta and the Christ Child” (1906). MacDonald, for whom death is already never really death, uses the never-dead child figure in At The Back of the North Wind (1871) and Lilith (1895) as an embodiment of his own distinct engagement with aestheticism, as well as a means by which to express the simultaneous anticipation and depression he experienced in contemplation of death. Finally James, in What Maisie Knew (1897), explores the child's inherent monstrosity as he crafts the possibility of a childhood which consciously refuses to die. This study explores a trajectory in which the child’s place within such reconsiderations of death grows increasingly intense, reaching an apex with MacDonald’s fantastic worlds, before considering James’s problematisation of the concept of the un-dead child in What Maisie Knew.
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Merts, Hilda Wilhelmina. "Die terapeutiese rol van fiksie in die hantering van sekere lewenskrisisse en ontwikkelingsprobleme van kinders". Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1315.
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Children experience life crisis and normal developmental problems. This study is aimed at highlighting the role fiction can play in assisting children in coping with certain normal life crisis and developmental problems. A discussion on the nature of the bibliotherapeutic process indicated that fiction plays a major role in the success thereof.
A model was designed for the selection process of fiction for the bibliotherapeutic process. Selection criteria were established for both the reader and the reading matter. Tables were designed consisting of selection criteria for both the reader and the reading matter. Stories about life crisis relating to death and divorce, as well as normal developmental problems about fear of peer group rejection and fear of the acquirement of skills, were evaluated against these criteria. This indicates that it is possible to select the right book for the bibliotherapeutic process with children.Information Science
M.Inf.
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Liu, Shu-Pai, i 劉淑白. "A Study of Shaping Exceptional Children in Juvenile Fiction – Taking An Example of Newbery Medal Works". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66308215305329623520.
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碩士國立臺東大學
兒童文學研究所
102
One of the important themes of Children’s literature is to help children grow up. And the realistic fictions can help young people understand the significance of growth as “real” in the real world. The research takes five Newbery Medal winning works, “The Summer of the Swans”, “Sweet Whispers, Brother Rush”, “Joey Pigza Loses Control”, “Al Capone Does My Shirts”, “Rules”, as the keys to enter the world of exceptional children in order to discuss and analyze ADHD, mental retardation, and autistic children. The study is divided into five chapters. The first chapter, Introduction, discusses the readers can enhance their understanding of disability groups by reading those kinds of juvenile fictions. The second chapter discusses the texts in the images of exceptional children. Analyze those kids’ characterization to understand their characteristics. The third chapter discusses the relationship between exceptional children and their parents. Because of the birth of children with special needs, brings the impacts and influences on their parents, and causes psychological stress and parental adjustment problems. The fourth chapter discusses the special relationship between exceptional children and siblings. Both the exceptional children and their non-physically challenged siblings approach the growth progress by getting through the enlightenment trilogy—conflict, escape and identity. The fifth chapter is the conclusion that we can expect the understanding, tolerance and fair treatment of exceptional children. There is only love can overcome obstacles. “Always with you, I’m not alone.” If we can have better understanding of exceptional children, we shall be able to get across the barriers and obstacles between both sides, and get along with each other which are the main purpose of this study.
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Clark, Sherryl. "New (Old) Fairy Tales for New Children". Thesis, 2017. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/36015/.
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The creative thesis 'New (Old) Fairy Tales for New Children‘ makes a contribution to the field of creative writing research. It comprises creative work in the form of four fairy tales and a novel for upper primary/early high school readers (70%) and a short exegesis (30%). The creative work uses key fairy tale elements to tell new stories for contemporary children. The four fairy tales are intended to sit within the Western European tradition, drawing on the repetitions, cadence and storytelling voice of the tales collected by the Brothers Grimm.
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Suranukkharin, Todsapon. "The construction of cultural ideologies in award-winning Thai and Australian children's picture books (1987-2006)". Phd thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155848.
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This thesis examines the role of children's picture books in constructing cultural ideologies. It aims to analyse the dominant cultural ideologies inscribed in Thai and Australian children's picture books, with specific emphasis on how such identities are constructed through verbal and visual language. The analysis focuses on the changes, if any, in the construction of cultural ideologies in Thai and Australian children's picture books that won national awards from 1987 to 2006, and how the changes correspond to the impact of social change. The corpus chosen for analysis consists of 60 children's books, comprising 30 from Thailand and 30 from Australia. The picture books have either won the Thai National Book Development Committee Award or the Picture Book of the Year Award given by Children's Book Council of Australia (CBCA). The thesis is structured around three themes based on the ideological construction of power in the books, including the construction of age relations, gender relations and community relations. Despite the fact that Thai society has undergone enormous change over the last two decades, the analysis shows that award-winning Thai children's books have been written mainly from a conservative point of view. They work by providing the foundations for social harmony and respect of order in a patriarchal and hierarchical society where all members are expected to know their proper place and live their lives in ways that contribute to the benefit of the whole community. Some slight changes can be detected in the way perspectives on those cultural ideologies have shifted at certain periods. These include the way of giving more emphasis to a child's self discovery over adult authority, the attempt to create non sexist picture books, and changes in the meaning and implication of unity and cohesion. Yet the analysis reveals that an ethos of conservative discourse still informs the books. It highlights the use of representation to control the overall appearance of idealised discourse in Thai society. In contrast, there is much variety and range in the way cultural ideologies have been constructed in award winning Australian children's books. While an ethos of conservative discourse can still be detected in the corpus, a number of books show that such ways of seeing the world can be challenged, questioned and even proved to be inadequate. Unlike the Thai books, the representation of patriarchal and hierarchical society can be overturned by giving more prominence to children's sense of agency and imagination and by portraying male and female characters in a more symmetrical way. In contrast to the depiction of the smooth and harmonious relationship between people of the same cultural and community groups in the Thai books, some recent Australian picture books emphasise the conflicts and disputes between different social groups. These changes are analysed in the context of the impact of social change. Social and political topics, such as the emancipation of women through the feminist movement and issues relating to contemporary politics including refugees, border control and cultural difference are taken into account.
Książki na temat "Children – Death – Juvenile fiction"
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Cohn, Janice. I had a friend named Peter: Talking to children about the death of a friend. New York: W. Morrow, 1987.
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Cohn, Janice. I had a friend named Peter: Talking to children about the death of a friend. New York: W. Morrow, 1987.
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Ortiz Hernandez, Gloria, 1943- ill., red. Water bugs and dragonflies: Explaining death to young children. Cleveland, OH: Pilgrim Press, 1997.
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Yoshitake, Shinsuke. Ye ye de tian tang bi ji ben. Taibei Shi: San cai wen hua gu fen you xian gong si, 2017.
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Stickney, Doris. Water bugs and dragonflies: Explaining death to young children. London: Mowbray, 1997.
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ill, Pardi Charlotte, i Moulthrop Robert (Playwright) translator, red. Cry heart, but never break. New York: Enchanted Lion Books, 2016.
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Smith, Alexander Gordon. Death sentence. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 2011.
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Gerber, Linda C. Death by Denim. New York: Penguin USA, Inc., 2009.
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19---, Smith Mark, i Harvey Bob, red. Talisman of death. Harmondsworth: Puffin, 1985.
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Gerber, Linda C. Death by Latte. New York: Penguin USA, Inc., 2008.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Children – Death – Juvenile fiction"
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Ganser, Alexandra. "Going Nowhere: Oceanic Im/Mobilities in North American Refugee Fiction". W Maritime Mobilities in Anglophone Literature and Culture, 211–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91275-8_11.
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AbstractIn philosophy and theory, the terms flight and territorialization are tightly connected to Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s A Thousand Plateaus. Through “lines of flight”—unpredictable routes defying spatial control—they conceptualize the breakup of a hegemonic spatial semantics through the mobility of the nomad. These lines make the paths of “deterritorialization,” contravening normative spatial structures (“striated” space) and producing “smooth space” that escapes structuration and control. Postcolonial critics such as Gayatri Spivak have held Deleuzian philosophy accountable for reaffirming a universal (white male) subject, but rarely debate lines of flight and deterritorialization, which appear somewhat romantic if applied to refugees subjected to involuntarily deterritorialization. In my essay, I ask how literature can perform the work of a conceptual corrective to such blind spots by reading Edwidge Danticat’s 1991 short story “Children of the Sea” and the novel Dogs at the Perimeter by the Chinese-Malaysian Canadian Madeleine Thien (2011). Danticat’s story focuses on the Haitian “boat people” that attempted to reach Florida shores in the 1980s and 1990s, while Thien examines the Cambodian genocide and its consequences for the children that came to Canada as refugees. Both texts, I argue, articulate what Achille Mbembe has called the necropolitics of genocide and demographic control and perform a grueling critique of the necropolitical structures that continue to produce transoceanic death.
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Smith, Michelle J. "Dead and ghostly children in contemporary literature for young people". W The Gothic and Death. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781784992699.003.0014.
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The Gothic has become a dominant mode in children’s and young adult fiction published in the past decade. This chapter considers how Sonya Hartnett’s The Ghost’s Child (2007), Chris Priestley’s Uncle Montague’s Tales of Terror (2007), Neil Gaiman’s The Graveyard Book (2008), and Ransom Riggs’ Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children (2011) all represent dead or ghostly children who, in diverse ways, work to critique or remedy adult actions, particularly through their interactions with history. Contemporary Gothic children’s literature is, this chapter argues, distinctly different from Gothic fictions for adults, which often represent children as the bearers of death. In contrast, Gothic children’s literature displaces the anxieties that ordinarily accompany the representation of child death in realist fiction.
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Keller, Linda M. "Using International Human Rights Law in US Courts: Lessons from the Campaign Against the Juvenile Death Penalty". W What is Right for Children?, 83–106. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315547442-8.
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Schneider, Miriam Magdalena. "Chapter 6 Thrilling Hearts and Winning Minds: The Representation of Monarchy, Navy, and Empire in Nineteenth- Century Juvenile Adventure Fiction". W The World of Children, 137–58. Berghahn Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781789202793-009.
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Taylor-Thompson, Kim. "There Are Children Here". W Progressive Prosecution, 167–212. NYU Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479809950.003.0006.
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Black youth are disproportionately charged, prosecuted in adult criminal court, and sentenced more often either to lengthy prison terms or to death. Professor Kim Taylor-Thompson begins this chapter with a case study that shows that justice mistakes are rarely fixed after the fact. Instead, she urges prosecutors to exercise their power to craft a better trajectory for young people in the justice system from the start. This includes adolescent development, adultification, dehumanization, the school-to-prison pipeline, racial trauma, and gangs. Brain and behavioral science have begun to change the justice system’s approach to youthful offending, but prosecutors fail to extend the benefits of the new scientific analysis to young Black offenders. Taylor-Thompson offers guidance to prosecutors to enable them to recognize the child in the offender and to see the ways that they often misread the reasons for the child’s criminal justice engagement. The chapter also recommends a developmental approach to be applied even in violent cases, which necessitates a fundamental rethinking of accomplice liability, conspiracy, felony murder, and juvenile confessions.
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Marshall, Ann Herndon. "‘Real Childhood’: The Daring of Katherine Mansfield and Alice Meynell". W Katherine Mansfield and Children, 108–24. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474491907.003.0008.
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In ‘Real Children’ and other essays in The Children and Childhood, the influential critic and poet Alice Meynell stresses aspects of the child that Katherine Mansfield brings to life in fiction: the child’s distinctive sense of time and close relation to nature; the child’s desire for dominance and awareness of death. Mansfield was well-acquainted with Meynell’s family, and the like-mindedness of Mansfield and Meynell is striking in the way they both feature challenging aspects of children. Both writers reject the Victorian dichotomy of innocent, precious children vs. ‘bad,’ obstreperous ones, a moralizing paradigm designed to make adults comfortable. They replace the model with a daring modern stress on the independence and force of the child’s mind.
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"Model Children, Little Rebels, and Moral Transgressors: Virtuous Childhood Images in Taiwanese Juvenile Fiction in the 1960s". W Ethics and Children's Literature, 139–56. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315580319-14.
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Rouleau, Brian. "Epilogue". W Empire's Nursery, 225–32. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479804474.003.0008.
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By the middle of the twentieth century, television had replaced literature as the principal means by which American children were acculturated. Juvenile fiction, meanwhile, became less avowedly imperial. “Empire’s nursery” partially collapsed under the weight of testimonials penned by nonwhite peoples unwilling to remain silent about the crimes committed against them in the name of US imperialism. Children’s literature increasingly avoided the subject of foreign relations as America’s global image became tarnished following the disaster in Vietnam.
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Fulbrook, Mary. "Inner Emigration and the Fiction of Ignorance". W Bystander Society, 310—C10P65. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197691717.003.0011.
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Abstract Reich citizens were collectively mobilized in service of their country at war regardless of their opinions about the Nazi regime. This chapter explores how soldiers from the Reich perceived and interpreted mass killings in the east, often through the lens of Nazi ideology. Some became more actively involved in acts of perpetration, and tried to justify the murders even of small children and babies. Many participants and witnesses sent home letters and photographs of what was going on; and from late 1941 onwards, German citizens could hardly avoid knowledge of atrocities, however fragmentary or secondary this knowledge might be. Growing knowledge that deportation meant almost certain death would lead a few victims to opt for the risky strategy of ‘going underground’ and trying to survive in hiding or under a false identity. Those ‘Aryans’ who were opposed to Nazism might try to escape into ‘inner emigration’, but the supposed neutrality of being a bystander was no longer an option.
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Pilkington, Clarissa, i Liza McCann. "Paediatric polymyositis and dermatomyositis". W Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology, 1021–32. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0125_update_003.
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Juvenile polymyositis and dermatomyositis are inflammatory myopathies that affect muscle. Dermatomyositis also affects skin, and can have many extramuscular manifestations. Inflammatory myopathies are uncommon in childhood, with dermatomyositis occurring more than polymyositis. For this reason, published research has concentrated on juvenile dermatomyositis. The spectrum of disease severity ranges from mild cases that can recover completely without treatment, to multisystem inflammation that can be fatal. Treatments have improved over the decades, reducing mortality from 30% before the era of steroids, to less than 1% in the present day. Juvenile cases of dermatomyositis differ from those seen in adulthood, without tendency for associated malignancy, and a far greater incidence of calcinosis. Calcinosis can be deposited as small calcinotic lumps or as sheets of calcinosis. It is very difficult to treat and causes extensive morbidity, and depending on where the calcinosis is deposited, it can cause severe disability or even death. Over the last decade, international collaborative work has concentrated on developing disease activity and assessment tools for both adult and juvenile forms of myositis. This will enable more subjective study of these rare diseases in multinational cohort studies, and enable clinical trials to investigate drug treatments. This work led to the first international double-blind placebo controlled trial of treatment in both adults and children with dermatomyositis (using rituximab as the drug). Further international collaboration has led to the development of core outcome variables, a definition of disease flare, and ongoing work on classification criteria.