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Matsuda, Takeshi. "Bullying among children and adolescents". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0018/MQ49642.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaHatherill, Sean. "Delirium in children and adolescents". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2797.
Pełny tekst źródłaMartin, Lisa A. "Children, Adolescents, and English Witchcraft". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4952/.
Pełny tekst źródłaBerg, Peter. "Malignant melanoma in children and adolescents /". Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-567-0/.
Pełny tekst źródłaDisque, J. Graham. "Narrative Therapy with Children and Adolescents". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1998. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2820.
Pełny tekst źródłaBitter, James. "Adlerian Counseling with Children and Adolescents". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6104.
Pełny tekst źródłaJemtå, Lena. "Children and Adolescents Living with Mobility Impairment". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Rehabiliteringsmedicin, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9289.
Pełny tekst źródłaPatterson, Emma. "Dietary intakes of Swedish children and adolescents". Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-837-2/.
Pełny tekst źródłaDyb, Grete. "Posttraumatic stress reactions in children and adolescents". Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-673.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe 1980s mark the beginning of systematic research and theoretical advances in the field of psychic trauma in children. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was a diagnosis for adults in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-III (American Psychiatric Association, 1980). In a later version, children and adolescents were partially included (American Psychiatric Association, 1987). Since 1980, a range of traumatic events have been identified as having the required stressor characteristics for posttraumatic stress reactions to manifest in children and adolescents.
In this study, the role of the stressor and peritraumatic reactions in PTSD of children and adolescents was studied. In addition, co-existing factors were assessed and related to the development and maintenance of PTSD reactions. A cascade of distressing events described the stressor in children who reported sexual abuse in daycare (paper I), and single-incident events were studied in adolescents (paper III). Subjective reactions during or immediately after the traumatic event, such as intense emotions, physiological arousal, dissociation and having thoughts of intervening, were strongly associated to the subsequent development of PTSD reactions in adolescents. The findings indicate that subjective responses to traumatic events play an important role in PTSD etiology. Objective features of the stressor, such as death or physical injury did not relate significantly to the levels of posttraumatic stress reactions. Half the children exposed to the cascade stressor in the case of alleged child sexual abuse, showed significant levels of PTSD reactions four years later. The objective features of the cascade stressor depended on the reported severity of child sexual abuse as well as media exposure, medical examinations, forensic interviews and the court trial. Children with high levels of PTSD reactions reported more severe CSA and were also more exposed to the media and the court trial, but the tendency was not significant.
Moreover, co-existing factors not related to the traumatic event may play important roles in the development and maintenance of PTSD reactions. After alleged sexual abuse and subsequent distressing events, older children displayed more PTSD reactions than younger children, which may indicate that younger children were more protected from developing distress in this situation. On the other hand, five weeks after a tram car accident, age was negatively associated with the levels of PTSD reactions in a group of children (paper IV). The findings may be due to the diverse nature of the stressors and methodological issues.
Other co-existing factors to PTSD, such as behavior problems in children and adolescents, may represent considerable difficulties in a young person’s life. In the current study, children displayed significant levels of behavioral problems four years after alleged sexual abuse.
The impact on parents and the rest of the child’s family cannot be ignored in the assessment of posttraumatic stress reactions of children and adolescents. In this study, comprehensive assessments were made of the parents’ experiences and levels of distress after alleged sexual abuse of their children. The parents were exposed to a cascade of events, including hearing about the sexual abuse, being involved in the police investigation and the court trial and being exposed in media reports. Four years after the events, elements of the stressor were significantly associated to the level of posttraumatic stress reactions. The findings illustrate how child sexual abuse reports may involve the children’s parents and expose them to high levels of distress over a long period of time.
In addition, interactions in the family may contribute in the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress reactions in children and adolescents, and impede the healing processes.
After traumatic events in childhood, researchers tend to prefer parental reports of the children’s reactions to spare the children. In this study, children reported significantly higher levels of distress than observed by their parents after a tram car accident (paper IV). These findings indicate that parents unintentionally may bring in a response bias in their reports, which future research and clinical practice should take into account.
The study illustrates that traumatic events are complex experiences involving cognitive and emotional reactions, physiological arousal and dissociation, and that these reactions may induce posttraumatic stress reactions in children and adolescents. The cascade stressor subsequent to alleged sexual abuse of children showed how different elements of the stressor may lead to distress over a long period of time. The distress involved both children and parents in this study.
Paper II reprinted with kind permission of Elsevier, www.sciencedirect.com
Goodman, Teresa Marie 1954. "Resiliency in parentally bereaved children and adolescents". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278304.
Pełny tekst źródłaPietrangelo, John Joseph 1947. "Consequences of guilt in children and adolescents". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291818.
Pełny tekst źródłaPeacock, Amanda Nicola. "Satiety signalling in obese children and adolescents". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22868/.
Pełny tekst źródłaCatte, Michelle. "Facial plastic surgery in children and adolescents". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269874.
Pełny tekst źródłaFreeman, Kim. "Hostile attribution bias in children and adolescents". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/175717/.
Pełny tekst źródłaWalton, Daniel K. "Orthodontic Appliance Preferences of Children and Adolescents". The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1268236105.
Pełny tekst źródłaEversole, Amy. "Social Skills Training with High-Functioning Autistic Adolescents". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501083/.
Pełny tekst źródłaJones, Michelle. "Non-specific low-back pain in children". Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247457.
Pełny tekst źródłaDickson, Clare. "Quality of life in children with headache". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249602.
Pełny tekst źródłaChaves, EmÃlia Soares. "Accompaniment of children and adolescents with family history of arterial hypertension". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1041.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe presence of alterations of blood pression in children and adolescents has shown that arterial hypertension may have its initial history in this life stage. It is believed that the harmful effects of hypertension, when they exist, could be minimized if their presence was detected precociously, if the evaluation of blood pressure was done periodically and if it were a mandatory part of the consultations to children and adolescents. Epidemiologic studies about blood pressure in childhood also reveal that the persistence of high values in this stage of life reinforces the idea that hypertension in adulthood is a direct result of hypertension in childhood. One aimed to follow children and adolescents with family history of arterial hypertension for a long time, analyzing the evolution of percentage/classification of blood pressure in children and adolescents. The longitudinal/prospective study was developed in a poor community of Fortaleza-CearÃ. The blood pressure was evaluated in five meetings: first semester of 2004; first semester of 2005; second semester of 2005; first semester of 2006 and second semester of 2006. The data collection was conducted at home in pre-determined periods. By the data obtained, it was possible to confirm that children and adolescents can have high blood pressure, even without an specific cause and no sinthomatology. The group presented was composed by 141 participants, in the majority females (71). The ages varied from 6 to 21 years old in the period of accompaniment. The highest values of blood pressure were found in the male patients. A bigger percentage of the children and adolescents were relatives of second degree of arterial hypertension bearers (48.9%), and these showed the biggest average values of SBP and DBP. Out of 92 children, 30 remained with no alterations of the percentages of blood pressure in all evaluations; 42 presented alterations starting from the 3rd evaluation; eight showed alterations of the percentage only on the last evaluation conducted; 11 showed alterations of the percentages of blood pressure in all the evaluations and 20 presented alterations of the percentages in some evaluation, but in the last one showed normal percentage of blood pressure. Out of 49 adolescents, 32 remained with no alterations of the percentages of blood pressure in all evaluations; eight presented alterations starting from the 3rd evaluation; two individuals showed alterations of the percentages only on the last evaluation; six presented alterations of the percentages of blood pressure in all the evaluations and three presented alterations of percentages in some evaluation, but in the last one presented normal blood pressure percentage. It was not possible to identify statistic significance concerning the risk factors presented during the accompaniment, apparently being the family factor the biggest contribution to the high values of blood pressure. It is confirmed the necessity of a regular monitoring of children and adolescentsâ blood pressure and, even without significant statistic correlation, the precocious identification of risk factors such as overweight, obesity, sedentarism, positive history to hypertension, smoking and drinking in the prevention of future cardiovascular events.
A presenÃa das alteraÃÃes da pressÃo arterial em crianÃas e adolescentes tem evidenciado que a hipertensÃo arterial pode ter sua histÃria inicial nesta etapa de vida. Acredita-se que os efeitos deletÃrios da hipertensÃo, no caso de sua existÃncia, poderiam ser minimizados se a sua presenÃa fosse detectada precocemente, bastando para isso que a avaliaÃÃo da pressÃo arterial fosse feita periodicamente e constasse como parte obrigatÃria das consultas a crianÃas e adolescentes. Estudos epidemiolÃgicos sobre pressÃo arterial na infÃncia tambÃm revelam que a persistÃncia de valores elevados nesta fase da vida reforÃa a hipÃtese de que a hipertensÃo em adultos à resultado direto de hipertensÃo na infÃncia. Teve-se como propÃsito acompanhar por tempo prolongado crianÃas e adolescentes com histÃria familiar de hipertensÃo arterial, Analisando a evoluÃÃo dos percentis/classificaÃÃo de pressÃo arterial de crianÃas e adolescentes. O estudo longitudinal/prospectivo foi desenvolvido em uma comunidade da periferia de Fortaleza- CearÃ. A pressÃo arterial foi avaliada em cinco encontros: primeiro semestre de 2004; primeiro semestre de 2005; segundo semestre de 2005; primeiro semestre de 2006 e no segundo semestre de 2006. A coleta de dados foi realizada no domicÃlio em perÃodos prÃ-determinados. Pelos dados obtidos, foi possÃvel confirmar que crianÃas e adolescentes podem ter pressÃes arteriais elevadas, mesmo sem uma aparente causa especÃfica e sem sintomatologia. O grupo apresentado foi composto por 141 participantes, na sua maior parte do sexo feminino (71). As idades variaram de 6 a 21 anos no decorrer do perÃodo de acompanhamento. Os valores mais elevados de pressÃo arterial mostraram-se naqueles do sexo masculino. Um percentual maior das crianÃas e adolescentes tinha parentesco de 2 grau com o portador de hipertensÃo arterial (48,9%), sendo estes os que mostraram maiores valores mÃdios de PAS e de PAD. Das 92 crianÃas, 30 crianÃas permaneceram sem alteraÃÃes dos percentis de pressÃo arterial em todas as avaliaÃÃes; 42 apresentaram alteraÃÃes a partir da 3 avaliaÃÃo; oito mostraram alteraÃÃo dos percentis somente na Ãltima avaliaÃÃo realizada; 11 apresentaram alteraÃÃes dos percentis de pressÃo arterial em todas as avaliaÃÃes e 20 apresentaram alteraÃÃo dos percentis em alguma avaliaÃÃo, mas na Ãltima mostraram percentis normais de pressÃo arterial. Dos 49 adolescentes, 32 permaneceram sem alteraÃÃes dos percentis de pressÃo arterial em todas as avaliaÃÃes; oito apresentaram alteraÃÃes a partir da 3 avaliaÃÃo; dois indivÃduos mostraram alteraÃÃo dos percentis somente na Ãltima avaliaÃÃo; seis apresentaram alteraÃÃes dos percentis de pressÃo arterial em todas as avaliaÃÃes e trÃs apresentaram alteraÃÃo dos percentis em alguma avaliaÃÃo, mas na Ãltima mostraram percentis normais de pressÃo arterial. NÃo foi possÃvel identificar significÃncia estatÃstica em relaÃÃo aos fatores de risco apresentados ao longo do acompanhamento, parecendo ser o fator familiar o maior contribuinte para os valores elevados das pressÃes arteriais. Confirma-se a necessidade de monitoraÃÃo da pressÃo arterial rotineira de crianÃas e adolescentes e, mesmo sem correlaÃÃo estatÃstica significativa, a identificaÃÃo precoce de indicadores de risco como sobrepeso, obesidade, sedentarismo, histÃria positiva para hipertensÃo, uso de fumo e bebida alcoÃlica na prevenÃÃo de eventos cardiovasculares futuros.
Shaver, Amy Elizabeth. "Patterns of rule-Violating behavior in children and adolescents /". Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1069613155.
Pełny tekst źródłaTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 115 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-115). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
Rasmussen, Martin. "Psychological benefits of exercise in children and adolescents". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Psykologisk institutt, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13589.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis review examines the psychological benefits exercise lead to in healthy children and adolescents. Studies on the effect of exercise on cognition, self-esteem, emotions and mood, and academic performance were examined. Exercise seems to have a positive effect on several aspects of cognition and self-esteem in healthy children and adolescents. There is not sufficient evidence to conclude that there are benefits from exercise in emotions, mood and academic performance.
Ryan, Katherine A. "The development of empathy in children and adolescents". Click here for text online. The Institute of Clinical Social Work Dissertations website, 1990. http://www.icsw.edu/_dissertations/ryan_1990.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaA dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Institute of Clinical Social Work in partial fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
Molina, Julie Robinson Vann William F. "Root fractures in children and adolescents diagnostic considerations /". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1206.
Pełny tekst źródłaTitle from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 26, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in the School of Dentistry (Pediatrics)." Discipline: Pediatric Dentistry; Department/School: Dentistry.
Ojiambo, Robert Mang'eni. "Assessment of physical activity in children and adolescents". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3666/.
Pełny tekst źródłaMcQuaid, Deborah. "Psychological trauma in children and adolescents with burns". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2591/.
Pełny tekst źródłaNeshat, Doost Hamid Taher. "Cognitive characteristics of clinically depressed children and adolescents". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265694.
Pełny tekst źródłaBenfield, Li. "Assessment of abdominal adiposity in children and adolescents". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443688.
Pełny tekst źródłaNijs, P. F. A. de. "Taxonomy of disruptive behavior in children and adolescents". [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/15413.
Pełny tekst źródłaNascimento, Henrique da Silva Ferrão. "Erythrocyte membrane profile in obese children and adolescents". Dissertação, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/62342.
Pełny tekst źródłaMSc in Clinical Analysis
PORTUGUÊS: A prevalência da obesidade está crescendo em todo o mundo, sendo este aumento particularmente notório na infância e adolescência. Os alimentos ricos em calorias e o estilo de vida sedentário são duas das características do estilo de vida moderno, que pode estar por de trás desta pandemia. A obesidade pediátrica é particularmente importante em nosso país: uma alta prevalência de sobrepeso / obesidade (30%) tem sido descrita em crianças e adolescentes portugueses, em comparação com seus pares de outros países europeus. A obesidade tem sido associada a várias outras doenças, como hipertensão, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, síndrome metabólica e doenças cardiovasculares. Além disso, a inflamação é conhecida por desempenhar um papel vital nessas doenças, ou seja, na iniciação e progressão da doença arteriosclerótica vascular, na resistência à insulina, e dislipidemia. Mais recentemente, a obesidade tem sido proposta como um estado de baixo grau inflamatório crónico. De fato, O tecido adiposo é uma importante fonte de várias substâncias que estão ligadas à resposta inflamatória e à imunidade - as adipoquinas. As dietas de indivíduos obesos são, geralmente, ricos em gorduras saturadas e ácidos gordos (AG) trans, e pobres em AG polinsaturados (AGPI), especialmente, em AGPI do tipo ω 3. Este tipo de hábitos alimentares causa alterações endógenas no metabolismo lipídico, e pode levar a mudanças na constituição em AG em diferentes tecidos do corpo. A composição lipídica das membranas celulares é importante para as propriedades reológicas e físico-químicas das células, influenciando a actividade dos canais protéicos e das bombas da membrana, assim como de transportadores e receptores membranares. Deste modo, o perfil lipídico da membrana é importante na modulação da sinalização celular e de várias funções biológicas da célula. Os lípidos da membrana dos glóbulos vermelhos estão em equilíbrio constante com lípidos e lipoproteínas plasmáticos. Apesar dos níveis dos lípidos plasmáticos serem altamente influenciados pelo estado de jejum, os níveis e tipo de lípidos da membrana eritrocitária reflectem o equilíbrio lipídico por períodos mais longos. Os glóbulos vermelhos (GV), por tratarem-se de células não-nucleadas, apresentam uma capacidade de biossíntese e mecanismos de defesa muito limitados. Portanto, quando expostos a stress físico e / ou químico, o eritrócito sofre e acumula o dano imposta por aquelas fontes durante sua vida em circulação. Em condições de stress oxidativo a membrana do eritrócito, pode sofrer danos em seus lípidos e proteínas. Deste modo, o eritrócito é um bom modelo para estudar os danos oxidativos dos lípidos e proteínas que ocorrem em estados pró-inflamatórios e oxidativas, e também pode fornecer um importante modelo para estudar o impacto dos hábitos alimentares na composição dos lípidos e proteínas das membranas celulares. O objectivo deste estudo foi analisar o impacto da obesidade no perfil lipídico, no metabolismo da glicose e na inflamação, bem como o impacto da obesidade, e das alterações a ela associadas, na composição da membrana do GV. Foram estudadas 34 crianças e adolescentes obesos [15 (44,1%), com idade média de 14,1 anos (8-17)] do Hospital S. João e do Hospital Infantil Maria Pia. O grupo total foi dividido de acordo com o percentil do índice de massa corporal (IMC) em 17 obesos, 8 sobre-pesos e 9 controles. Obesidade foi definida como um IMC superior ao percentil 95, ajustados para idade e sexo, segundo " gráficos de crescimento do Centro de Controle de Doenças de 2000". Sobrepeso foi considerado para os percentis de IMC igual ou superior a 85 e inferior a 95; e controles quando o IMC era inferior ao percentil 85, ajustado para sexo e idade. Os três grupos estavam equilibrados para a idade, sexo e estágio de maturação sexual de Tanner. Foram determinados os níveis circulantes de triglicerídeos, colesterol, colesterol de lipoproteína de alta densidade, colesterol de lipoproteína de baixa densidade, lipoproteína (a), apolipoproteína A, apolipoproteína B, proteína C-reativa, glicose e insulina. Um estudo hematológico básico foi realizado. A membrana eritrocitária foi estudada com a determinação de marcadores de lesão eritrocitária: hemoglobina ligada a membrana, carbonilação proteica, peroxidação lipídica e perfil de banda 3 – agregados de alto peso molecular, monómeros e fragmentos proteolíticos. O perfil de ácidos gordos da membrana foi também determinado. Os indivíduos obesos apresentaram, quando comparados com os controlos, alterações para um perfil lipídico mais aterogénico, um aumento da resistência à insulina e da inflamação. Assim, houve um aumento geral dos marcadores de risco de doença cardiovascular (DCV). Nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada no eritrograma ou nos marcadores de lesão eritrocitária. Quanto ao perfil de AG da membrana eritrocitária, os AG insaturados apresentaram uma tendência para o aumento, enquanto os AG saturados mostraram uma tendência para diminuir com a obesidade. Apesar disso, o AG beénico ácido (22:0) apresentou um aumento significativo nos obesos, em comparação com os controles. Uma proporção crescente de 20:0, 18:3n3, 20:3n6e 22:4n6 foram encontrados para indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesos, em relação aos controlos. Estes AG, que aumentaram com a obesidade, apresentaram as associações mais significativas com os marcadores de DVC estudados e que estão alterados com a obesidade na nossa população. Mais estudos são necessários para esclarecer as associações entre as alterações do perfil de AG da membrana eritrocitária e os marcadores de risco de DCV. Um estudo envolvendo mais participantes poderia ajudar a esclarecer algumas tendências observadas. Quanto à análise da membrana lipídica, algumas abordagens interessantes poderiam ser feitas, como analisar separadamente os AG ligados a fosfolípidos e ésteres de colesterol, ou analisar individualmente cada folheto da membrana plasmática (interno e externo). Além disso, a optimização da técnica de separação e identificação dos AG seria fundamental, pois no presente estudo não pudemos avaliar AG importante, como por exemplo o EPA (ácido eicosapentaenoico - 20:5n3) e GLA (ácido gama linolénico - 18:3 n6), devido a limitações técnicas.
ENGLISH: The prevalence of obesity is growing worldwide and in childhood the increase is particularly striking. The caloric rich foods and the reduced physical exercise practice are two of characteristics of the modern lifestyle that may underlie this pandemia. Childhood obesity is particularly important in our country, as a high prevalence of overweight/obesity (over 30%) has been reported for Portuguese children, as compared to other European countries. Obesity has been associated with several other diseases, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, inflammation is known to play a vital role in those diseases, namely, in the initiation and progression of the atherosclerotic vascular disease, in insulin resistance, and in dyslipidemia. More recently, obesity has been proposed as a chronic low grade inflammatory condition. The white adipose tissue is an important source of several substances that are linked to inflammatory response and to immunity - the adipokines. The diets of obese individuals are, usually, rich in saturated and trans fatty acids (FA), and poor in polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), especially, in ω 3 PUFA. These type of dietary habits, by leading to endogenous changes in FA and in lipid metabolism, may, ultimately, lead to changes in the proportions of the different FA in body tissues. The lipid composition of the cell membranes are important determinants in the rheological and physico-chemical properties of the cells, influencing the activity of membrane channels, pumps, transporters and receptors. Thus, it is important in the modulation of cell signalling and in several biological functions. The lipids of the red blood cell membrane are in constant equilibrium with plasmatic lipids and lipoproteins. While the levels of lipids in plasma are highly influenced by the fasting status, the levels and type of lipids of the erythrocyte membrane reflect the lipid balance of longer periods. The red blood cell (RBC), as a non-nucleated cell, exhibits a very limited biosynthesis capacity and poor repair mechanisms. Therefore, when exposed to physical and/or chemical stress, during their lifespan, the erythrocyte suffers and accumulates the damage imposed by such stress. In oxidative stress conditions the erythrocyte membrane, may suffer oxidative damage in membrane lipids and proteins. Thus, the erythrocyte is a good model to study the oxidative damage of lipids and proteins occurring in pro-inflammatory and oxidative conditions and may also provide an important model to study the impact of dietary habits in the lipid and protein composition of the cell membranes. The objective of this study was to analyse the impact of obesity in the lipid profile, glucose homeostasis and inflammation, as well as the impact of obesity and the associated changes in the RBC membrane composition. We studied 34 obese children and adolescents [15 (44.1%); mean age of 14.1 years (8-17)] from Hospital S. João and the Children’s Hospital Maria Pia. The total group was divided according to the body mass index (BMI) percentile in 17 obese, 8 overweight and 9 controls. Obesity was defined as a BMI higher than the 95th percentile, for age and gender, according to the “2000 Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts”. Overweight was considered for BMI percentiles equal or higher than 85 and lower than 95; and control subjects BMI were lower than the 85th percentile, adjusted for gender and age. The three groups were matched for age, gender and tanner stage. It were determined the circulating levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B, C-reactive protein, glucose, and insulin. A basic hematologic study was also performed. The erythrocyte membrane was studied with the determination of erythrocyte damage markers: membrane bound haemoglobin, proteic carbonylation, lipid peroxidation and band 3 profile - high molecular weight aggregates, monomers and proteolytic fragments. The membrane fatty acid profile was determined. We found that the obese individuals, presented risk changes in the lipid profile, increased insulin resistance and inflammation, when compared to their lean counterparts. Thus, several changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers were observed. No significant changes were found in the erythrogram and in the erythrocyte damage markers. Concerning the FA membrane profile, the unsaturated FA showed a trend to increase, while saturated FA showed a trend to decrease, with obesity. Despite that, behenic acid (22:0) presented a significantly increase in obese, in comparison with controls. An increasing proportion of 20:0, 18:3n3, 20:3n6 and 22:4n6 were found for overweight and obese individuals, as compared to control. These FA increased with growing obesity, and presented the most significant associations with the studied CVD markers associated with obesity. Further studies are needed to clarify the associations between membrane FA changes, and CVD risk markers. A larger study, with a higher number of individuals could also clarify some observed trends. Regarding the lipid membrane analysis, some interesting approaches could be made, such as to separate and analyze the different phospholipids and cholesterol ester and their associated FA, and to perform a separate study of inner and outer membrane sheets. Furthermore, optimization of the separation technique and consequent identification of FA would be crucial, as in this study we could not evaluate important FA, e.g. EPA (20:5n3) and GLA (18:3n6), due to technical limitations.
Buosi, William. "Breakfast and morning appetite in children and adolescents". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=232270.
Pełny tekst źródłaQueener, Heather L. (Heather Lynn). "Identification of Dissociative Experiences in Children and Adolescents". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278812/.
Pełny tekst źródłaEnglund, Annika. "Hodgkin Lymphoma in children, adolescents and young adults". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-316796.
Pełny tekst źródłaBennett-Branson, Susan Marie. "Postoperative pain and coping in children and adolescents". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30925.
Pełny tekst źródłaArts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
Hamlyn, Williams Charlotte Claire. "Children and adolescents' affective responses to physical activity". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/9826.
Pełny tekst źródłaNascimento, Henrique da Silva Ferrão. "Erythrocyte membrane profile in obese children and adolescents". Master's thesis, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/62342.
Pełny tekst źródłaMSc in Clinical Analysis
PORTUGUÊS: A prevalência da obesidade está crescendo em todo o mundo, sendo este aumento particularmente notório na infância e adolescência. Os alimentos ricos em calorias e o estilo de vida sedentário são duas das características do estilo de vida moderno, que pode estar por de trás desta pandemia. A obesidade pediátrica é particularmente importante em nosso país: uma alta prevalência de sobrepeso / obesidade (30%) tem sido descrita em crianças e adolescentes portugueses, em comparação com seus pares de outros países europeus. A obesidade tem sido associada a várias outras doenças, como hipertensão, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, síndrome metabólica e doenças cardiovasculares. Além disso, a inflamação é conhecida por desempenhar um papel vital nessas doenças, ou seja, na iniciação e progressão da doença arteriosclerótica vascular, na resistência à insulina, e dislipidemia. Mais recentemente, a obesidade tem sido proposta como um estado de baixo grau inflamatório crónico. De fato, O tecido adiposo é uma importante fonte de várias substâncias que estão ligadas à resposta inflamatória e à imunidade - as adipoquinas. As dietas de indivíduos obesos são, geralmente, ricos em gorduras saturadas e ácidos gordos (AG) trans, e pobres em AG polinsaturados (AGPI), especialmente, em AGPI do tipo ω 3. Este tipo de hábitos alimentares causa alterações endógenas no metabolismo lipídico, e pode levar a mudanças na constituição em AG em diferentes tecidos do corpo. A composição lipídica das membranas celulares é importante para as propriedades reológicas e físico-químicas das células, influenciando a actividade dos canais protéicos e das bombas da membrana, assim como de transportadores e receptores membranares. Deste modo, o perfil lipídico da membrana é importante na modulação da sinalização celular e de várias funções biológicas da célula. Os lípidos da membrana dos glóbulos vermelhos estão em equilíbrio constante com lípidos e lipoproteínas plasmáticos. Apesar dos níveis dos lípidos plasmáticos serem altamente influenciados pelo estado de jejum, os níveis e tipo de lípidos da membrana eritrocitária reflectem o equilíbrio lipídico por períodos mais longos. Os glóbulos vermelhos (GV), por tratarem-se de células não-nucleadas, apresentam uma capacidade de biossíntese e mecanismos de defesa muito limitados. Portanto, quando expostos a stress físico e / ou químico, o eritrócito sofre e acumula o dano imposta por aquelas fontes durante sua vida em circulação. Em condições de stress oxidativo a membrana do eritrócito, pode sofrer danos em seus lípidos e proteínas. Deste modo, o eritrócito é um bom modelo para estudar os danos oxidativos dos lípidos e proteínas que ocorrem em estados pró-inflamatórios e oxidativas, e também pode fornecer um importante modelo para estudar o impacto dos hábitos alimentares na composição dos lípidos e proteínas das membranas celulares. O objectivo deste estudo foi analisar o impacto da obesidade no perfil lipídico, no metabolismo da glicose e na inflamação, bem como o impacto da obesidade, e das alterações a ela associadas, na composição da membrana do GV. Foram estudadas 34 crianças e adolescentes obesos [15 (44,1%), com idade média de 14,1 anos (8-17)] do Hospital S. João e do Hospital Infantil Maria Pia. O grupo total foi dividido de acordo com o percentil do índice de massa corporal (IMC) em 17 obesos, 8 sobre-pesos e 9 controles. Obesidade foi definida como um IMC superior ao percentil 95, ajustados para idade e sexo, segundo " gráficos de crescimento do Centro de Controle de Doenças de 2000". Sobrepeso foi considerado para os percentis de IMC igual ou superior a 85 e inferior a 95; e controles quando o IMC era inferior ao percentil 85, ajustado para sexo e idade. Os três grupos estavam equilibrados para a idade, sexo e estágio de maturação sexual de Tanner. Foram determinados os níveis circulantes de triglicerídeos, colesterol, colesterol de lipoproteína de alta densidade, colesterol de lipoproteína de baixa densidade, lipoproteína (a), apolipoproteína A, apolipoproteína B, proteína C-reativa, glicose e insulina. Um estudo hematológico básico foi realizado. A membrana eritrocitária foi estudada com a determinação de marcadores de lesão eritrocitária: hemoglobina ligada a membrana, carbonilação proteica, peroxidação lipídica e perfil de banda 3 – agregados de alto peso molecular, monómeros e fragmentos proteolíticos. O perfil de ácidos gordos da membrana foi também determinado. Os indivíduos obesos apresentaram, quando comparados com os controlos, alterações para um perfil lipídico mais aterogénico, um aumento da resistência à insulina e da inflamação. Assim, houve um aumento geral dos marcadores de risco de doença cardiovascular (DCV). Nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada no eritrograma ou nos marcadores de lesão eritrocitária. Quanto ao perfil de AG da membrana eritrocitária, os AG insaturados apresentaram uma tendência para o aumento, enquanto os AG saturados mostraram uma tendência para diminuir com a obesidade. Apesar disso, o AG beénico ácido (22:0) apresentou um aumento significativo nos obesos, em comparação com os controles. Uma proporção crescente de 20:0, 18:3n3, 20:3n6e 22:4n6 foram encontrados para indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesos, em relação aos controlos. Estes AG, que aumentaram com a obesidade, apresentaram as associações mais significativas com os marcadores de DVC estudados e que estão alterados com a obesidade na nossa população. Mais estudos são necessários para esclarecer as associações entre as alterações do perfil de AG da membrana eritrocitária e os marcadores de risco de DCV. Um estudo envolvendo mais participantes poderia ajudar a esclarecer algumas tendências observadas. Quanto à análise da membrana lipídica, algumas abordagens interessantes poderiam ser feitas, como analisar separadamente os AG ligados a fosfolípidos e ésteres de colesterol, ou analisar individualmente cada folheto da membrana plasmática (interno e externo). Além disso, a optimização da técnica de separação e identificação dos AG seria fundamental, pois no presente estudo não pudemos avaliar AG importante, como por exemplo o EPA (ácido eicosapentaenoico - 20:5n3) e GLA (ácido gama linolénico - 18:3 n6), devido a limitações técnicas.
ENGLISH: The prevalence of obesity is growing worldwide and in childhood the increase is particularly striking. The caloric rich foods and the reduced physical exercise practice are two of characteristics of the modern lifestyle that may underlie this pandemia. Childhood obesity is particularly important in our country, as a high prevalence of overweight/obesity (over 30%) has been reported for Portuguese children, as compared to other European countries. Obesity has been associated with several other diseases, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, inflammation is known to play a vital role in those diseases, namely, in the initiation and progression of the atherosclerotic vascular disease, in insulin resistance, and in dyslipidemia. More recently, obesity has been proposed as a chronic low grade inflammatory condition. The white adipose tissue is an important source of several substances that are linked to inflammatory response and to immunity - the adipokines. The diets of obese individuals are, usually, rich in saturated and trans fatty acids (FA), and poor in polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), especially, in ω 3 PUFA. These type of dietary habits, by leading to endogenous changes in FA and in lipid metabolism, may, ultimately, lead to changes in the proportions of the different FA in body tissues. The lipid composition of the cell membranes are important determinants in the rheological and physico-chemical properties of the cells, influencing the activity of membrane channels, pumps, transporters and receptors. Thus, it is important in the modulation of cell signalling and in several biological functions. The lipids of the red blood cell membrane are in constant equilibrium with plasmatic lipids and lipoproteins. While the levels of lipids in plasma are highly influenced by the fasting status, the levels and type of lipids of the erythrocyte membrane reflect the lipid balance of longer periods. The red blood cell (RBC), as a non-nucleated cell, exhibits a very limited biosynthesis capacity and poor repair mechanisms. Therefore, when exposed to physical and/or chemical stress, during their lifespan, the erythrocyte suffers and accumulates the damage imposed by such stress. In oxidative stress conditions the erythrocyte membrane, may suffer oxidative damage in membrane lipids and proteins. Thus, the erythrocyte is a good model to study the oxidative damage of lipids and proteins occurring in pro-inflammatory and oxidative conditions and may also provide an important model to study the impact of dietary habits in the lipid and protein composition of the cell membranes. The objective of this study was to analyse the impact of obesity in the lipid profile, glucose homeostasis and inflammation, as well as the impact of obesity and the associated changes in the RBC membrane composition. We studied 34 obese children and adolescents [15 (44.1%); mean age of 14.1 years (8-17)] from Hospital S. João and the Children’s Hospital Maria Pia. The total group was divided according to the body mass index (BMI) percentile in 17 obese, 8 overweight and 9 controls. Obesity was defined as a BMI higher than the 95th percentile, for age and gender, according to the “2000 Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts”. Overweight was considered for BMI percentiles equal or higher than 85 and lower than 95; and control subjects BMI were lower than the 85th percentile, adjusted for gender and age. The three groups were matched for age, gender and tanner stage. It were determined the circulating levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B, C-reactive protein, glucose, and insulin. A basic hematologic study was also performed. The erythrocyte membrane was studied with the determination of erythrocyte damage markers: membrane bound haemoglobin, proteic carbonylation, lipid peroxidation and band 3 profile - high molecular weight aggregates, monomers and proteolytic fragments. The membrane fatty acid profile was determined. We found that the obese individuals, presented risk changes in the lipid profile, increased insulin resistance and inflammation, when compared to their lean counterparts. Thus, several changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers were observed. No significant changes were found in the erythrogram and in the erythrocyte damage markers. Concerning the FA membrane profile, the unsaturated FA showed a trend to increase, while saturated FA showed a trend to decrease, with obesity. Despite that, behenic acid (22:0) presented a significantly increase in obese, in comparison with controls. An increasing proportion of 20:0, 18:3n3, 20:3n6 and 22:4n6 were found for overweight and obese individuals, as compared to control. These FA increased with growing obesity, and presented the most significant associations with the studied CVD markers associated with obesity. Further studies are needed to clarify the associations between membrane FA changes, and CVD risk markers. A larger study, with a higher number of individuals could also clarify some observed trends. Regarding the lipid membrane analysis, some interesting approaches could be made, such as to separate and analyze the different phospholipids and cholesterol ester and their associated FA, and to perform a separate study of inner and outer membrane sheets. Furthermore, optimization of the separation technique and consequent identification of FA would be crucial, as in this study we could not evaluate important FA, e.g. EPA (20:5n3) and GLA (18:3n6), due to technical limitations.
Yearwood, Karen, Nicole Vliegen, Patrick Luyten, Cecilia Chau i Jozef Corveleyn. "Psychometric Properties of the Alexithymia Questionnaire for Children in a Peruvian Sample of Adolescents". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/102573.
Pełny tekst źródłaEl concepto de alexitimia se refiere a las deficiencias en la capacidad de identificar y comu nicar sentimientos. Este constructo ha sido relacionado con deficiencias en apego y con dife rentes tipos de sintomatología, en particular, con depresión y quejas somáticas. Muy pocos estudios sobre alexitimia se han enfocado en niños o adolescentes. Además, hasta la fecha, no existe ningún cuestionario de auto-reporte de alexitimia para tales grupos en español. Por lo tanto, los principales objetivos de este estudio fueron, (a) traducir y adaptar el Cuestio nario de Alexitimia para Niños al español; (b) evaluar la estructura factorial del cuestionario adaptado; y (c) describir su confiabilidad y validez, en una muestra de n = 265 adolescentes peruanos de 11-18 años de edad. La consistencia interna fue aceptable para la subescala DIF ( α = .74), y baja para las subescalas DDF y EOT ( α = .55 y α = .47, respectivamente). Una escala compuesta basada en estudios previos que fusiona las subescalas DIF y DDF en una sola escala tuvo un α = .75. En cuanto a la estructura factorial, una solución de dos factores demostró tener el mejor ajuste con la data (RMSEA = .05, SMRM = .04, CFI = .94). Los análisis de validez convergente indicaron asociaciones significativas entre alexitimia y apego (con coeficientes desde r = -.15, p <.05, hasta r = .31, p <.05), quejas somáticas (r = .38, p <.05, hasta r = .41, p <.05), y síntomas internalizantes y externalizantes (r = .37, p <.05, hasta r =. 46, p <.05). Se recomienda la evaluación y/o modificación de la escala EOT.
O conceito de alexitimia se refere às deficiências na habilidade de identificar e comunicar sentimentos. A alexitimia tem sido frequentemente associada à deficiências de apego e dife rentes tipos de sintomatologia, em particular à depressão e queixas somáticas. Pouquíssimos estudos dão enfoque à crianças ou adolescentes ao tratar desse conceito. Além disso, até o momento não há questionários de autorrelato em espanhol sobre alexitimia para tais grupos. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi, portanto, (a) traduzir e adaptar o “Alexythymia Ques tionnaire for Children” para o espanhol; (b) avaliar a estrutura de fatores do questionário adaptado; e (c) descrever sua confiabilidade e validade numa amostra de N=265 adolescentes peruanos de 11 a 18 anos de idade. A consistência interna mostrou-se aceitável para a subscala DIF ( α = .74), e baixa nas subscalas DDF e EOT ( α = .55, e α = .47 respectivamente). Uma escala composta, baseada em estudos anteriores, combina DIF e DDF numa única escala e apresentou α = .75. Em termos da estrutura de fatores, uma solução de dois fatores foi a que melhor se ajustou aos dados (RMSEA ==.05, SMRM = .04, CFI = .94). Análises de validade convergentes indicaram associações significantes entre alexitimia e medidas de apego (as quais variaram de r = -.15, p < .05, a r = .31, p < .05), queixas somáticas (r = .38, p < .05, a r = . 41, p < .05), e sintomas internalizantes e externalizantes (r = .37, p < .05, to r = . 46, p < .05). Avaliações futuras e modificações são recomendadas para a escala EOT.
Devenish, Anne Patricia. "The lived experience of God and its evolution in children and adolescents". Connect to thesis, 2006. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2006.0043.html.
Pełny tekst źródłaFERNANDES, NAIR CRISTINA BARRETTO BOUDET. "PSYCHOLOGICAL VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: THE EFFECTS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ON CHILDREN". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=26914@1.
Pełny tekst źródłaA presente pesquisa tem como objetivo discutir repercussões da violência conjugal como violência psicológica contra crianças e adolescentes, considerando a exposição da prole em espaços de convivência familiar onde a dinâmica de violência entre o (ex) casal parental é presente e frequente. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, através da análise de quatro casos atendidos em uma unidade de referência da rede de proteção a mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica no município do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados demonstram a persistência de segmentação da rede de atendimento, desfavorecendo a abordagem da família em sua complexidade e dificultando a garantia, concomitante e integrada, dos direitos humanos de mulheres vítimas de violência conjugal e de seus filhos quanto às repercussões destes conflitos como expressão possível de violência psicológica.
The following research aims to discuss repercussions of domestic violence as well as psychological violence against children and adolescents, considering offspring exposure to family dynamics of frequent violence between parents. To do this, a qualitative study was conducted by analyzing four cases in a women s domestic violence treatment unit in Rio de Janeiro. The results demonstrate the continued segmentation of the service network, compromising the complexity of a family approach and making it difficult to guarantee the concurrent and integrated human rights of women domestic violence victims and their children on the impact of these conflicts as possible expressions of psychological violence.
Gratiere, Runete Aparecida. "Atenção em saúde de crianças e adolescentes usuários de álcool e outras drogas psicoativas na cidade de Taquaritinga-SP". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22131/tde-16012013-103803/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe look for a specific population, children/adolescents, in the use/abuse of alcohol and other psychoactive substances was the scenario of this work. The starting point was the investigation of 38 cases of adolescents who were admitted to the Municipal Emergency Care (PAM) and has been built the road traveled by the sample within the possibilities of service in Taquaritinga-SP, this city in the interior belonging to regional Araraquara which has as structure network of specialist mental health services: a childhood ambulatory (ASMi) and a psychosocial care center for children (CAPSi). It was found that this was not a simple matter, but with many complex facets, coming towards the Morin´s prospects which confront theories and ideas without prejudice. This work uses the descriptive exploratory study of quantitative and qualitative approach and aimed to identify the route of children/adolescents who use alcohol and other psychoactive substances, besides to checking if the Psychosocial Care Center child (CAPSi) of the city would be present as treatment strategy referred on the Emergency Plan for Expansion of Access to Treatment and Prevention of Alcohol and other Drugs (PEAD 2009-2011). The resulting analysis of this study revealed that the hosting services are provided to enrolled population by various ports of entry, while not having a program for treatment. It also shows that the work has needed to be done together, to be articulated in the network and that its implementation is a challenge. With the lack of ready answers, it is cautioned to the need to search for new ideas and constructions concerning the treatment of children/ adolescents users of psychoactive substances.
Pieta, Maria Adélia Minghelli. "A expressão do sentimento de gratidão : um estudo com crianças e adolescentes escolares de Porto Alegre". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15871.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis cross-sectional study investigated the types of gratitude expressed by school children and adolescents of Porto Alegre, aiming to verify whether different forms of expressing gratitude appear during human development. 430 students aged 7-14, of both sexes, chosen by convenience from 2 public schools and 2 private schools responded to Baumgarten-Tramer's questions: "What is your greatest wish?" and "What would you do for the person who granted you this wish?" A content analysis on the answers to the second question suggested that the expression of the feeling of gratitude varies by age. No significant difference was found in the way boys and girls expressed their gratitude. Although the hypothesis that gratitude develops throughout childhood has been supported, more studies should be conducted on this important topic.
Wood, C. "Exercise environment and physical activity in children and adolescents". Thesis, University of Essex, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574469.
Pełny tekst źródłaBailey, Daniel Paul. "An investigation into cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents". Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/218371.
Pełny tekst źródłaTaghavi, Seyed Mohammad Reza. "Cognitive aspects of clinical anxiety in children and adolescents". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338385.
Pełny tekst źródłaWeston, Christine Anne. "Psychosocial adjustment in children and adolescents with chronic illness". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327607.
Pełny tekst źródłaMueller, Kristi. "A critical analysis animal therapy with children and adolescents /". Online version, 2004. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2004/2004muellerk.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaEarle, D. T., i Reid B. Blackwelder. "Management of Chronic Medical Conditions in Children and Adolescents". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1998. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6909.
Pełny tekst źródłaSilvers, Jennifer B. "Art Therapy Workbook for Children and Adolescents with Autism". Ursuline College / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=urs1210046722.
Pełny tekst źródłaKroner, John. "Associated Symptoms of Chronic Migraine in Children and Adolescents". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1427980899.
Pełny tekst źródłaSawyerr, Louise. "Supporting socially anxious children and adolescents : challenges and possibilities". Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2735.
Pełny tekst źródłaKendall, Deborah. "Metformin in obese children and adolescents : the MOCA Trial". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/metformin-in-obese-children-and-adolescents-the-moca-trial(7f93bf01-19ee-47b0-b5b1-7c354a1da016).html.
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