Artykuły w czasopismach: „Childhood sexual assault”

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Edwards, Katie M., Megan C. Kearns, Christine A. Gidycz i Karen S. Calhoun. "Predictors of Victim–Perpetrator Relationship Stability Following a Sexual Assault: A Brief Report". Violence and Victims 27, nr 1 (2012): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.27.1.25.

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The researchers assessed the predictors of victim–perpetrator relationship stability following a sexual assault. Participants included 254 women sexually assaulted by a friend, casual dating partner, or steady dating partner. Results suggested that most victim–perpetrator relationships (75%) continued following the sexual assault. Greater trauma symptomatology, less perpetrator blame, and nondisclosure of the assault by victims predicted relationship continuation with the perpetrator. Additionally, the odds of continuing the relationship were greater following acts of sexual coercion than following acts of completed rape. Close relationships (steady dating partner) were more likely to continue following the sexual assault than less close relationships (friends and casual dating partners). Unexpectedly, the odds of relationship stability were greater for women without histories of childhood sexual abuse than women with histories of childhood sexual abuse. Implications for future research and intervention are discussed.

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Relyea, Mark, i Sarah E. Ullman. "Predicting Sexual Assault Revictimization in a Longitudinal Sample of Women Survivors: Variation by Type of Assault". Violence Against Women 23, nr 12 (23.08.2016): 1462–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801216661035.

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This study used a large community sample of women sexual assault survivors to prospectively assess 17 theorized predictors across four types of sexual assault revictimization: unwanted contact, coercion, substance-involved assault (SIA), and force. Results indicated that predictors varied across types of revictimization: Unwanted contact and coercion appeared more common in social contexts more hostile toward survivors, whereas forcible assaults and SIAs occurred in circumstances where survivors were vulnerable to being targeted by perpetrators. Overall, the strongest predictors were social environments hostile to survivors, race, childhood sexual abuse, decreased refusal assertiveness, and having more sexual partners. We discuss implications for intervention and research.

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Santoro, Patrick. "Staging Sexual Assault". Departures in Critical Qualitative Research 10, nr 3 (2021): 82–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/dcqr.2021.10.3.82.

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This essay examines a staged production of Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland reimagined through the lens of childhood sexual assault. Primarily, it serves as a pedagogical case study of theoretical and practical approaches for conceptualizing, staging, and reflecting on performance as activism. Incorporating the director’s/author’s own voice, alongside that of the cast, it creates the possibility for understanding sexual assault and theatrical creation with greater nuance and urgency, while also illustrating the work of directing in the same light as critical performative pedagogy.

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Scott, K. M., K. C. Koenen, A. King, M. V. Petukhova, J. Alonso, E. J. Bromet, R. Bruffaerts i in. "Post-traumatic stress disorder associated with sexual assault among women in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys". Psychological Medicine 48, nr 1 (19.06.2017): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717001593.

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BackgroundSexual assault is a global concern with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), one of the common sequelae. Early intervention can help prevent PTSD, making identification of those at high risk for the disorder a priority. Lack of representative sampling of both sexual assault survivors and sexual assaults in prior studies might have reduced the ability to develop accurate prediction models for early identification of high-risk sexual assault survivors.MethodsData come from 12 face-to-face, cross-sectional surveys of community-dwelling adults conducted in 11 countries. Analysis was based on the data from the 411 women from these surveys for whom sexual assault was the randomly selected lifetime traumatic event (TE). Seven classes of predictors were assessed: socio-demographics, characteristics of the assault, the respondent's retrospective perception that she could have prevented the assault, other prior lifetime TEs, exposure to childhood family adversities and prior mental disorders.ResultsPrevalence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) PTSD associated with randomly selected sexual assaults was 20.2%. PTSD was more common for repeated than single-occurrence victimization and positively associated with prior TEs and childhood adversities. Respondent's perception that she could have prevented the assault interacted with history of mental disorder such that it reduced odds of PTSD, but only among women without prior disorders (odds ratio 0.2, 95% confidence interval 0.1–0.9). The final model estimated that 40.3% of women with PTSD would be found among the 10% with the highest predicted risk.ConclusionsWhether counterfactual preventability cognitions are adaptive may depend on mental health history. Predictive modelling may be useful in targeting high-risk women for preventive interventions.

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SIEGEL, JUDITH M., SUSAN B. SORENSON, JACQUELINE M. GOLDING, M. AUDREY BURNAM i JUDITH A. STEIN. "THE PREVALENCE OF CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ASSAULT". American Journal of Epidemiology 126, nr 6 (grudzień 1987): 1141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114752.

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Ullman, Sarah E., i Leanne R. Brecklin. "Sexual Assault History and Health-Related Outcomes in a National Sample of Women". Psychology of Women Quarterly 27, nr 1 (marzec 2003): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.t01-2-00006.

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This study examined correlates of past-year chronic medical conditions and lifetime contact with health care professionals for mental health and substance abuse problems in women with differing histories of sexual victimization ( N = 627) identified from the National Comorbidity Survey (e.g., assault in childhood, adulthood, or both life phases). Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and stressful life events were associated with greater odds of chronic medical conditions among women sexually assaulted in childhood only. Additional traumatic events were associated with greater odds of chronic medical conditions among victims of adult sexual assault. Older age and being married were associated with greater odds of lifetime health care professional contact for mental health/substance abuse issues among certain victim subgroups. Stressful life events were related to greater help-seeking for child victims, and traumatic events were related to greater help-seeking in adult victims. Alcohol dependence symptoms and PTSD were each associated with greater odds of lifetime health care professional contact among women victimized in both life phases, whereas depression was related to greater odds of help-seeking for women victimized in one life phase only. Psychosocial factors may play unique roles in health outcomes for women with different sexual assault histories.

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Neilson, Elizabeth C., Amanda K. Gilmore, Hanna T. Pinsky, Molly E. Shepard, Melissa A. Lewis i William H. George. "The Use of Drinking and Sexual Assault Protective Behavioral Strategies: Associations With Sexual Victimization and Revictimization Among College Women". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, nr 1 (7.09.2015): 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515603977.

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Despite consistent high rates of campus sexual assault, little research has examined effective strategies to decrease sexual assault victimization. Sexual assault and drinking protective behavioral strategies (PBS) may be important means of reducing sexual assault victimization risk on college campuses but need further examination. The current study examined the relationship among sexual assault in childhood, before college, and since college to evaluate the mitigating roles of both sexual assault PBS and drinking PBS on sexual assault victimization. Participants ( n = 620) were undergraduate women, 18 to 20 years old. The current study was a cross-sectional online survey assessing participants’ sexual assault PBS and sexual assault history. Sexual assault history was positively associated with future sexual assault experiences. Pre-college sexual assault was associated with increased since-college sexual assault and increased drinks per week. Since-college adolescent/adult sexual assault was associated with less use of sexual assault PBS. These findings suggest that PBS may have an important role in sexual assault victimization and future research should examine their usefulness in risk reduction programs for college women.

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Casey, Erin A., N. Tatiana Masters, Blair Beadnell, Marilyn J. Hoppe, Diane M. Morrison i Elizabeth A. Wells. "Predicting Sexual Assault Perpetration Among Heterosexually Active Young Men". Violence Against Women 23, nr 1 (9.07.2016): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801216634467.

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Data from an online community sample of young men were analyzed to test predictors of sexual assault perpetration. We used structural equation modeling to test the relative contributions of specific sub-types of childhood adversity to subsequent sexual aggression. Mediators included hostile masculinity, impersonal sexual behavior and attitudes, and substance use variables. Findings suggested that childhood sexual abuse had direct and mediated effects on sexual assault perpetration, but hostile masculinity was the only proximal factor significantly related to aggression. Childhood polytrauma was also associated with increased perpetration risk, suggesting that prevention efforts may be aided by increased attention to childhood maltreatment.

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Kim, Kihyun, Bee Ryou, Jihyeon Choi i Jae-Won Kim. "Profile Analysis of Sexual Assault Experiences among Adult Women and Their Implications for Mental Health". Psychiatry Investigation 18, nr 4 (25.04.2021): 312–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30773/pi.2020.0141.

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Objective Extant studies indicate that just one characteristic of sexual assault cannot properly represent the whole experience of sexual assault and, especially, the severity of sexual assault. This study aimed to understand the totality of sexual assault experiences and elucidate subtypes of sexual assault victims based on the detailed characteristics of their sexual assault experiences and those relationships with mental health.Methods A total of 255 adult sexual violence victims who used intervention services and a comparison group were included. Information on their sexual assault experiences was gleaned from case records data.Results The following four distinctive profile groups were identified: “Sexual Touching” (19.6%), “Rape/Social Relation” (30.4%), “Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)” (18.8%), and “Rape/Stranger” (31.3%). The subgroups differed in terms of secondary victimization and adverse childhood experiences. The Rape/Social Relation and IPV subgroups most frequently experienced secondary victimization and childhood adversity. The four profile subgroups demonstrated different relationships with mental health outcomes, with a complicated pattern. The Rap/Social Relation and IPV subgroups scored higher on mental health problem screening measures compared to other groups. However, a considerable proportion of victims in the Sexual Touching subgroup also reported suicidal behaviors and self-injury.Conclusion Based on the results, theoretical and clinical implications were discussed.

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Lindsay, Deborah, i Joanne Embree. "Sexually Transmitted Diseases: A Significant Complication of Childhood Sexual Abuse". Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 3, nr 3 (1992): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1992/350521.

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The acquisition of one or more sexually transmitted diseases (STD) is a significant complication of sexual assault of children. The risk of infection by pathogens varies from less than 1 to 50% depending on the nature of the assault, the organism studied and the background prevalence of STD in the general community. The correct diagnosis of STD in children depends upon optimal collection and appropriate laboratory testing of clinical specimens. Diagnosing STD will allow for treatment and follow-up to ensure cure of these infections as well as to monitor for re-infection. It will also help confirm that sexual activity involving the child has occurred. This can be exi.remely important, particularly when there are minimal other physical findings of abuse or if the child has limited verbal skills and thus cannot provide a complete disclosure. All physicians who care for children should be knowledgeable about the methods of STD diagnosis and the currently recommended treatment regimens.

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Groër, Maureen Wimberly, Elizabeth A. Kostas-Polston, Christina Dillahunt-Aspillaga, Theresa M. Beckie, Versie Johnson-Mallard, Allyson Duffy i Mary E. Evans. "Allostatic Perspectives in Women Veterans With a History of Childhood Sexual Assault". Biological Research For Nursing 18, nr 4 (11.04.2016): 454–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800416638442.

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Background:Women veterans have increased reports of sexual victimization compared to women in general, including childhood sexual assault (CSA) before military service, increasing the risk of military sexual trauma. Findings from recent studies reveal negative health effects following a history of CSA. There is a strong relationship between CSA and revictimization in civilian and military life, which may contribute to allostatic load.Objectives:(1) To determine the relationship between women veterans’ CSA history and later sexual assault history and (2) to determine the relationships between women veterans’ CSA and primary mediators and secondary and tertiary outcomes of allostasis.Research design:Cross-sectional.Subjects:Women ( N = 81), 18–70 years old, veterans of the U.S. Armed Services.Measures:Participants completed questionnaires and blood and hair samples were collected. Several scales were utilized: Posttraumatic Checklist–Military, Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression Scale, Pain Outcomes Questionnaire–Short Form, Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Profile of Mood States, and an investigator-developed sexual harassment/assault instrument.Results:Thirty-three percent of participants reported CSA; of these, 38.5% reported military sexual assault and 70.3% sexual assault during civilian life. Those with CSA had higher cholesterol, triglycerides, perceived stress scores, and greater pain and fatigue than those without CSA. Hair cortisol was marginally lower in women with CSA when PSS was controlled, suggesting a dampened hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis.Conclusions:These data suggest that some women veterans with a history of CSA may have increased allostatic load and be at increased risk for a variety of later life illnesses.

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Coles, Jan. "Qualitative Study of Breastfeeding After Childhood Sexual Assault". Journal of Human Lactation 25, nr 3 (4.05.2009): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334409334926.

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Thrane, Lisa E., Kevin A. Yoder i Xiaojin Chen. "The Influence of Running Away on the Risk of Female Sexual Assault in the Subsequent Year". Violence and Victims 26, nr 6 (2011): 816–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.26.6.816.

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This study explores the sexual risk trajectories of female youths and sheds light on the long-term effects of running away. It evaluates whether running away increases the risk of sexual assault in the following year, which is after runaways return home. The sample consists of 5,387 heterosexual females between the ages of 11 and 18 years from the Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Nearly one quarter (23%) of runaways report a previous sexual assault in contrast to 5% of nonrunaways. In a logistic regression model, childhood neglect increases the risk of sexual assault between Waves 1 and 2 by nearly two times. Poor mental health is statistically significant. Alcohol use doubles the odds of sexual assault. The risk of sexual assault is approximately three-fold for girls with a history of sexual onset and sexual touching in a romantic relationship. Running away increases the risk by nearly two and a half times. There is evidence that alcohol use and sexual onset partially mediates the relationship between running away and sexual assault.

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Parkhill, Michele R., Jeanette Norris i Kelly Cue Davis. "The Role of Alcohol Use During Sexual Situations in the Relationship Between Sexual Revictimization and Women’s Intentions to Engage in Unprotected Sex". Violence and Victims 29, nr 3 (2014): 492–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-09-183.

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Research has demonstrated relationships among childhood sexual abuse, adult sexual assault, and sexual risk taking. This study proposes that one mechanism through which the victimization–sexual risk-taking relationship works is through an increased likelihood of drinking during sexual situations. Using path analysis, this study explores this hypothesis in a sample of 230 women. The model illustrates that women with a history of child and adult sexual victimization reported greater intentions to engage in unprotected sex and that this relationship is in part accounted for by an increased likelihood of drinking in sexual situations. The results suggest that sexual risk reduction programs and sexual assault treatment programs should educate women about the alcohol-involved sexual risk taking that often follows sexual assault victimization.

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Wager, Nadia M. "An Experimental Investigation of the Perceived Credibility of Complainants of Sexual Revictimization: Disbelief and Victim-Blame". Violence and Victims 34, nr 6 (1.12.2019): 992–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00055.

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This study investigated whether attitudes toward a complainant of sexual assault are affected by the knowledge that the complainant had previously made a similar allegation. This was a 3 (previous allegation; none, child sexual assault or adult sexual assault) × 2 (whether the previous allegation was substantiated) × 2 (the implied mental health status of the complainant; mental health issue vs. none) multifactorial, experimental study, employing independent-measures and hypothetical vignettes depicting stranger rape scenarios. The dependent variables were victim-blame and believability. The participants were 243 female undergraduate students. A multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) revealed several main and interactive effects. Allegations of sexual revictimization were associated with different levels of victim-blame and believability depending on when the previous assault occurred. A history of childhood sexual assault reduced the believability of the complainant and when combined with other factors increased the tendency to attribute victim-blame.

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Cloitre, Marylene, Kenneth Tardiff, Peter M. Marzuk, Andrew C. Leon i Laura Portera. "Childhood abuse and subsequent sexual assault among female inpatients". Journal of Traumatic Stress 9, nr 3 (1996): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.2490090306.

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Boakes, Janet. "3. False Complaints of Sexual Assault: Recovered Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse". Medicine, Science and the Law 39, nr 2 (kwiecień 1999): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249903900205.

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Casey, Erin A., i Paula S. Nurius. "Trends in the Prevalence and Characteristics of Sexual Violence: A Cohort Analysis". Violence and Victims 21, nr 5 (październik 2006): 629–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.21.5.629.

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Although recent statistics hint that rates of reported rape and child sexual abuse began to decline in the 1990s, little is known about changes in the characteristics of victimizations over time or about the implications of these changes for policy and services. This investigation uses data from a general population survey to examine sexual assault trends in two ways: by age cohort and by historical era in which a first sexual assault experience occurred. Findings suggest that the lifetime prevalence of sexual assault has not significantly changed across cohorts of women in their 20s to 50s. Characteristics of women’s experiences across cohorts may be shifting, however, with early childhood experiences of sexual victimization showing a slight decline, accompanied by increases in assault rates during adolescence. Additionally, although help-seeking among victims has increased, women’s perceptions of their community’s responsiveness have worsened slightly. Research and intervention implications are discussed.

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Kim, Dong Ha, Myung-Yong Um, Hyunkag Cho, Eui Bhin Lee, Jong Serl Chun i Heesuk Chang. "Factors Associated With Types of Sexual Assault Victimization and Bystander Behavior Among South Korean University Students". Violence and Victims 34, nr 6 (1.12.2019): 952–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-18-00068.

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The aim of the current study was to gain understanding about incidences of sexual misconduct and bystander behaviors in South Korean universities. Specifically, risk factors were examined associated with three different types of sexual assault victimization (verbal or visual sexual harassment, physically forced sexual assault, and incapacitated sexual assault) and investigated the factors related to bystander behaviors. Data were collected via an online survey tool called SurveyMonkey in 2016. The total sample of participants comprised 1,944 enrolled undergraduate and graduate students from six universities in Seoul, South Korea. One logistic regression was conducted with a sample who reported sexual assault victimization (n = 1,079) to examine the risk factors associated with the three types of sexual misconduct. The other logistic regression was conducted with the subsample of bystanders (n = 540) to examine the relationships between bystander behavior and risk factors. In the main results, each type of sexual misconduct was associated differentially with age, alcohol blackouts, depression, child abuse and neglect, being an international student, and childhood sexual victimization. Also, persons who were older, self-identified LGBT, and victimized by verbal or visual sexual harassment at university were more likely to intervene when sexual misconduct occurred. These findings have implications for policies and interventions to reduce and prevent sexual misconduct in Korean universities.

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Kamnerdsiri, Watcharaphol Alexandre, Christopher Fox i Petr Weiss. "Impact of Childhood Sexual Assault on Sexual Function in the Czech Male Population". Sexual Medicine 8, nr 3 (wrzesień 2020): 446–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2020.06.003.

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Nada-Raja, Shyamala, i Keren Skegg. "Victimization, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptomatology, and Later Nonsuicidal Self-Harm in a Birth Cohort". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26, nr 18 (20.05.2011): 3667–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260511403757.

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This longitudinal population-based study examined pathways to nonsuicidal self-harm (NSSH) in relation to childhood sexual abuse (CSA), assault victimization in early adulthood, posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology (PTSD), and other mental disorders. At age 21, 476 men and 455 women completed interviews on assault victimization, PTSD, and other mental disorders. At age 26, they completed independent interviews on self-harm and childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine predictors for NSSH at age 26. For men, anxiety and depressive disorders at age 21 were the only significant predictors of NSSH at age 26. For women, victimization, PTSD, and other anxiety disorders at age 21 all significantly predicted NSSH. CSA predicted later NSSH only indirectly, by increasing the risk of anxiety disorders among men and of assault victimization among women. In conclusion, pathways to nonsuicidal self-harm differed by sex. For women there were direct links with assault victimization and PTSD in early adulthood, whereas for men only internalizing disorders predicted future NSSH.

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Merrill, Lex L., Cynthia J. Thomsen, Steven R. Gold i Joel S. Milner. "Childhood abuse and premilitary sexual assault in male navy recruits." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 69, nr 2 (2001): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.69.2.252.

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Hirai, Michiyo, Ruby Charak, Laura D. Seligman, Joseph D. Hovey, John M. Ruiz i Timothy W. Smith. "An Association Between Perceived Social Support and Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Severity Among Women With Lifetime Sexual Victimization: The Serial Mediating Role of Resilience and Coping". Violence Against Women 26, nr 15-16 (9.01.2020): 1966–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801219892645.

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This study examined the association between perceived social support and severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms, serially mediated by resilience and coping among women exposed to different patterns of sexual victimization experiences: childhood sexual abuse (CSA) only, adult sexual assault (ASA) only, and sexual revictimization (SR). A total of 255 sexually victimized women recruited from four U.S. universities completed self-report measures online; 112 participants reported provisionally diagnosable levels of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The proposed model was largely supported in the CSA only group and the SR group. Different patterns of mediational effects were found across the three groups. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.

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Bagley, Christopher. "Development of a Measure of Unwanted Sexual Contact in Childhood, for Use in Community Mental Health Surveys". Psychological Reports 66, nr 2 (kwiecień 1990): 401–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1990.66.2.401.

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Development of a measure of child sexual abuse, operationalized as unwanted sexual contact before age 17, is described. In a community mental health survey of 750 women aged 18 to 27 yr., 32% recalled unwanted sexual contact. 7% experienced prolonged sexual assault before age 17 and had significantly higher scores as adults on the CESD Depression scale.

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Gwandure, C. "Sexual assault in childhood: Risk HIV and AIDS behaviours in adulthood". AIDS Care 19, nr 10 (listopad 2007): 1313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120701426508.

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Ballard, E. D., K. Van Eck, R. J. Musci, S. R. Hart, C. L. Storr, N. Breslau i H. C. Wilcox. "Latent classes of childhood trauma exposure predict the development of behavioral health outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood". Psychological Medicine 45, nr 15 (7.07.2015): 3305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291715001300.

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BackgroundTo develop latent classes of exposure to traumatic experiences before the age of 13 years in an urban community sample and to use these latent classes to predict the development of negative behavioral outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood.MethodA total of 1815 participants in an epidemiologically based, randomized field trial as children completed comprehensive psychiatric assessments as young adults. Reported experiences of nine traumatic experiences before age 13 years were used in a latent class analysis to create latent profiles of traumatic experiences. Latent classes were used to predict psychiatric outcomes at age ⩾13 years, criminal convictions, physical health problems and traumatic experiences reported in young adulthood.ResultsThree latent classes of childhood traumatic experiences were supported by the data. One class (8% of sample), primarily female, was characterized by experiences of sexual assault and reported significantly higher rates of a range of psychiatric outcomes by young adulthood. Another class (8%), primarily male, was characterized by experiences of violence exposure and reported higher levels of antisocial personality disorder and post-traumatic stress. The final class (84%) reported low levels of childhood traumatic experiences. Parental psychopathology was related to membership in the sexual assault group.ConclusionsClasses of childhood traumatic experiences predict specific psychiatric and behavioral outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood. The long-term adverse effects of childhood traumas are primarily concentrated in victims of sexual and non-sexual violence. Gender emerged as a key covariate in the classes of trauma exposure and outcomes.

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Davis, Kelly Cue, N. Tatiana Masters, Erin Casey, Kelly F. Kajumulo, Jeanette Norris i William H. George. "How Childhood Maltreatment Profiles of Male Victims Predict Adult Perpetration and Psychosocial Functioning". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, nr 6 (20.11.2015): 915–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515613345.

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This study used latent class analysis to empirically identify subgroups of men based on their exposure to childhood maltreatment (i.e., emotional neglect and abuse, physical neglect and abuse, and sexual abuse). It then examined subgroups’ differential perpetration of adult intimate partner violence (IPV; both psychological and physical), violence against peers, and sexual assault. Finally, we compared sociodemographic variables and psychosocial functioning across profiles to characterize the adult experiences of men in different maltreatment groups. The community sample consisted of 626 heterosexually active 21- to 30-year-old men. We identified four subgroups: Low Maltreatment (80% of the sample), Emotional and Physical Maltreatment (12%), Emotional and Sexual Maltreatment (4%), and Poly-Victimized (4%). The Low Maltreatment group had significantly lower IPV perpetration rates than the Emotional and Physical Maltreatment group, but groups did not significantly differ on peer violence or sexual assault perpetration rates. Overall, Poly-Victimized men were significantly worse off than the Low Maltreatment group regarding income, education level, and incarceration history. Their rates of recent anxiety and depression symptoms were also higher than those of Low Maltreatment men. Findings support the use of person-oriented techniques for deriving patterns of childhood maltreatment and how these patterns relate to psychological, behavioral, and social factors in adulthood.

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Morash, Merry, Seokjin Jeong, Miriam Northcutt Bohmert i Daniel R. Bush. "Men’s Vulnerability to Prisoner-on-Prisoner Sexual Violence". Prison Journal 92, nr 2 (21.03.2012): 290–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885512439185.

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The one-state case study described in this article assesses imprisoned men’s vulnerability to sexual assault by an inmate before policies were implemented to reduce sexual violence. The cases studied were substantiated in an internal hearing procedure. On average, victims were more recently incarcerated, younger, smaller, and less aggressive than their perpetrators, but many victim-perpetrator pairs deviated from this profile. The strongest predictor of victimization was a history of childhood sexual victimization. Other predictors were race, youth, build, education, and experience with incarceration.

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Farley, Melissa, i Joanne C. Keaney. "Physical Symptoms, Somatization, and Dissociation in Women Survivors of Childhood Sexual Assault". Women & Health 25, nr 3 (24.07.1997): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j013v25n03_03.

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Brennan-Ing, Mark, Liz Seidel, Rebecca Erenrich i Stephen E. Karpiak. "LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ASSAULT AMONG OLDER PEOPLE WITH HIV". Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (listopad 2019): S549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2022.

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Abstract Research finds high rates of childhood sexual assault (CSA) among people with HIV (PWH). CSA is related to depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, and poor health. PWH age 50 and older account for the majority of this population in the U.S., but we have little information on the impact of CSA on these older adults. Data were obtained from the San Francisco arm of the Research on Older Adults with HIV 2.0 study (n=197). Fifty percent reported CSA. Cisgender women and transgender people were more likely to report CSA compared to other groups. PWH reporting CSA were more likely to meet the diagnostic criteria for PTSD (42% vs. 27%), and had higher mean PHQ-9 depression scores (9.3 vs. 6.8). Those reporting CSA had significantly more comorbid health conditions compared to their peers. Implications for using a trauma-informed care model with older adults living with HIV will be discussed.

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Grossman, Susan F., Marta Lundy, Cathy Bertrand, Cynthia Ortiz, Grace Tomas-Tolentino, Kim Ritzema i Julia Matson. "Service Patterns of Adult Survivors of Childhood Versus Adult Sexual Assault/Abuse". Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 18, nr 6 (17.11.2009): 655–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10538710903317265.

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Morris, Matthew C., Chrystyna D. Kouros, Kim Janecek, Rachel Freeman, Alyssa Mielock i Judy Garber. "Community-level moderators of a school-based childhood sexual assault prevention program". Child Abuse & Neglect 63 (styczeń 2017): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.10.005.

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Groer, M. E., E. Kostas-Polston, C. Dillahunt-Aspilliga, V. Johnson-Mallard i A. R. Duffy. "23. Allostatic associations in women veterans with histories of childhood sexual assault". Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 40 (wrzesień 2014): e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2014.06.043.

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Wilson, Shanika Lavi. "Childhood trauma and Effective Empirically Based Interventions". Matters of Behaviour 10, nr 11 (20.07.2019): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26455/mob.v10i11.70.

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Trauma affects many children in various ways globally. According to SAMHSA (2017), the “occurrence of child trauma is very prevalent, and 75% of children reported experiencing at least one traumatic event by age 16”. Traumatic events consist of “psychological, physical, or sexual abuse; community or school violence; witnessing or experiencing domestic violence; national disasters or terrorism; commercial sexual exploitation; sudden or violent loss of a loved one; refugee or war experiences; military family-related stressors; physical or sexual assault; neglect; and serious accidents or life-threatening illness” (SAMHSA, 2017). This literature review evaluates three different attachment-based, trauma-informed interventions for young children 0 - 7 years of age which are: Attachment and BioBehavioural Catchup (ABC), Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). Throughout this review, childhood trauma will be defined, and the current occurrence rates will be discussed. Furthermore, the descriptions of the above therapies, clinical trials, and research findings will be examined, and a discussion of the literature review findings will follow.

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Clements, Wendy, Larry D. Williams, Tyrone David i S. Lavi Wilson. "Childhood Trauma and Effective Empirically Based Interventions". Journal of Psychology & Behavior Research 1, nr 1 (17.05.2019): p45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jpbr.v1n1p45.

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Trauma affects many children in various ways globally. According to SAMHSA (2017), the “occurrence of child trauma is very prevalent, and 75% of children reported experiencing at least one traumatic event by age 16”. Traumatic events consist of “psychological, physical, or sexual abuse; community or school violence; witnessing or experiencing domestic violence; national disasters or terrorism; commercial sexual exploitation; sudden or violent loss of a loved one; refugee or war experiences; military family-related stressors; physical or sexual assault; neglect; and serious accidents or life-threatening illness” (SAMHSA, 2017). This literature review evaluates three different attachment-based, trauma-informed interventions for young children 0-7 years of age which are: Attachment and Bio-Behavioral Catchup (ABC), Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). Throughout this review, childhood trauma will be defined, and the current occurrence rates will be discussed. Furthermore, the descriptions of the above therapies, clinical trials, and research findings will be examined, and a discussion of the literature review findings will follow.

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Hlavka, Heather R. "Regulating Bodies: Children and Sexual Violence". Violence Against Women 25, nr 16 (12.11.2019): 1956–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801219875817.

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The interdisciplinary silences on sexual violence and the omission of children and youth from social science research speak volumes of the power of the child as a flexible, cultural signifier. In this article, I argue that dominant frameworks of children and childhood make child sexual assault a discursive impossibility for most young people. The epistemic violence of silencing matters, and it is these erasures that are fundamental to understanding violence and power. I argue it is paramount for feminist researchers to call attention to the undermining qualities of Institutional Review Boards that act as gatekeepers of representation and voice.

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Herrera, Veronica M., i Laura Ann McCloskey. "Sexual Abuse, Family Violence, and Female Delinquency: Findings From a Longitudinal Study". Violence and Victims 18, nr 3 (czerwiec 2003): 319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.2003.18.3.319.

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The current study examines the effects of three forms of childhood victimization on self-reported delinquency and aggression in adolescent girls. These analyses are based on a longitudinal sample of 141 mother-daughter pairs participating in a study about marital violence and child development. When the children were school aged, mothers and children provided reports describing (a) child exposure to marital violence, (b) escalated physical abuse against the child, and (c) child sexual abuse. Children were followed up into adolescence and re-interviewed. Self-reports of delinquency (violent and nonviolent), running away, and violence against parents were collected. Results indicate that out of the three forms of victimization, child sexual abuse emerged as the strongest predictor of girls’ violent and nonviolent criminal behavior. Girls with a history of physical abuse in childhood were most likely to assault their parents. Witnessing marital violence failed to contribute further to delinquency, beyond the adverse association with childhood sexual abuse. Findings highlight a unique avenue for delinquency in girls via childhood sexual exploitation.

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Mahmood, Fahad, Nirmeen Rifat Khan, Md Ziaul Islam, Tasmia Shahreen i Md Noor Ashad Uz Zaman. "Study on Early Childhood Adversities of Orphans Rearing in Orphanages". Bangladesh Medical Journal 49, nr 1 (19.01.2021): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v49i1.52586.

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Orphans spread a significant mass of our absolute child folks and this study was planned to determine the early childhood adversities of orphans that may attract them in various violence and perilous fortune lead further that in the end have a long-standing psycho-social impact on their adulthood. This was a cross-sectional study that was completed among 301orphans of both genders. The subjects were chosen by convenient sampling technique based on specific inclusion criteria and maintaining ethical issues. The study was directed from January to December 2017 in different orphanages of Chittagong and Dhaka city. The examination uncovered, maximum (84%) of participants were male and the rest (16%) were female. Among them, around 44.9% of them were matured from 10-12 years followed by 37.9% matured between 13-15 years. The majority (62%) of the participants had education up to primary/equivalent level. A maximum (69.77%) of them lost their father and 17.94% of them lost both of their parentages. The study revealed, physical assault (30.2%), serious domestic accident (27%), and life-threatening illness/injury (33.6%) had higher frequencies than other events that happened with the participants personally. Additionally, events like traffic transportation accidents (47.3%), serious domestic accidents (36.8%), and physical assault (28.3%) had higher frequencies than other events experienced through observing to transpiring. Then again, transportation accidents, domestic accidents (ꭓ2 =32.673, p<0.05), physical assault, life-threatening illness/injury were experienced among 16-18 years of aged orphans personally where assault with a weapon and sexual assault (ꭓ2 =14.637, p< 0.05) were more frequent among 13-15 years old gathering. Bangladesh Med J. 2020 Jan; 49 (1): 26-32

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Levett, Ann. "A Study of Childhood Sexual Abuse among South African University Women Students". South African Journal of Psychology 19, nr 3 (wrzesień 1989): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124638901900302.

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There are no prevalence figures for childhood sexual abuse among South African women university students. This study addressed this gap, providing figures for an unselected, non-clinical group of 94 women students who constituted the sample at the University of Cape Town. A review of the methodological problems in this kind of research suggests that one of these concerns the stigma associated with sexual abuse. A novel approach which combines a search for prevalence information as well as providing participants with a potentially therapeutic experience is described. The intervention took the form of structured educational input concerning the relationship between gender socialization and sexual abuse, and stereotypes about sexual assault and abuse. Unpressured discussion of personal experience was facilitated in a supportive context of peer groups, organized around non-threatening tasks, to enable breaking of the silence which so often follows sexual abuse. Written discussions of childhood sexual abuse were obtained later and, although such information was not solicited, students voluntarily disclosed their own experience. This revealed 43,6% of the group (41 women) had experienced 61 instances of sexual abuse under age 18 years. Attempted rape or rape had occurred in 17% of the self-identified sexually abused women, and 47,5% of the 61 instances of sexual abuse had involved intrusive physical contact. There had been no previous disclosure in 34,4% of cases. On follow-up, two-thirds of the women expressed reservations about voluntary open discussion of sexual abuse within the peer groups, clearly implicating expectations of stigmatic effects following disclosure.

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Aripova, Feruza, i Janet Elise Johnson. "The Ukrainian-Russian Virtual Flashmob against Sexual Assault". Journal of Social Policy Studies 16, nr 3 (29.09.2018): 487–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/727-0634-2018-16-3-487-500.

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Feruza Aripova – PhD Candidate in World History, Northeastern University; Center Associate, Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies, Harvard University; Visiting Scholar, Jordan Center for the Advanced Study of Russia, New York University, USA. Email: aripova.f@husky.neu.edu Janet Elise Johnson – Professor of Political Science and Women’s & Gender Studies, Brooklyn College, City University of New York; Visiting Scholar, Center for European and Mediterranean Studies at New York University, New York, USA. Email: Johnson@brooklyn.cuny.edu This article examines the 2016 Ukrainian-Russian virtual flashmob that took on the issues of sexual assault, including childhood sexual abuse, sexual harassment, and rape. Begun by a Ukrainian activist on Facebook, the flashmob resulted in more than ten thousand original posts and led to a broader discussion on violence against women in Ukrainian and Russian. Many women (and some men) for the first time publicly disclosed excruciating details of physical and psychological coercion and the lasting trauma they suffered. The commonalities across the posts and the public visibility of the flashmob directly confronted the stigma attached to the topic of sexual violence. The media reactions to the flashmob ranged from empathy toward the victims and condemnation of the perpetrators to criticism of female promiscuity and victim blaming. The flashmob had concrete results: criminal cases were opened against teachers at one of Moscow’s prominent public schools and a series of initiatives were directed against sexual violence in Ukraine. This article provides the first systematic documentation and analysis of these posts as well as their reception in mass media and the impact so far of the flashmob, situating this flashmob as the same kind of activism that was seen in the bigger 2017 #MeToo campaign. In these ways, we contribute to what little social scientists know about violence against women in the post-Soviet region and assess this new tactic of feminist activism. Unsurprisingly, such activism does not change societies in one fell swoop, but the Ukrainian-Russian flashmob shows how virtual activism can nudge towards progressive change.

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DeGue, Sarah, i David DiLillo. "Understanding Perpetrators of Nonphysical Sexual Coercion: Characteristics of Those Who Cross the Line". Violence and Victims 19, nr 6 (grudzień 2004): 673–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.19.6.673.66345.

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Sexual coercion is defined here as a form of male sexual misconduct in which nonphysical tactics (e.g., verbal pressure) are utilized to gain sexual contact with an unwilling female partner. This study compares the risk characteristics of sexually coercive (n = 81) and nonoffending college males (n = 223) across several domains. Results revealed that sexual coercers differed from nonoffenders in that they more often subscribed to rape myths, viewed interpersonal violence as more acceptable, reported greater hostility toward females, and perceived male-female relationships as more inherently adversarial. In addition, compared to nonoffenders, sexually coercive males showed stronger indicators of promiscuity and delinquency, reported more psychopathic personality traits, had more empathic deficits, and were more likely to have experienced certain forms of childhood abuse. In most respects, coercers did not differ from those who reported engaging in more severe forms of sexual assault involving the use of physical force. These results suggest important differences between nonoffending males and those who “cross the line” by engaging in sexually coercive acts. In addition, consistent parallels can be drawn between the predictors of sexual coercion identified in this study and those documented in the sexual aggression (e.g., forcible rape) literature.

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Nayak, Madhabika B., Heidi S. Resnick i Melisa M. Holmes. "Treating health concerns within the context of childhood sexual assault: A case study". Journal of Traumatic Stress 12, nr 1 (styczeń 1999): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1024798300316.

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Siegel, Dolores R., i Charles A. Romig. "Treatment of adult survivors of childhood sexual assault: Imagery within a systemic framework". American Journal of Family Therapy 16, nr 3 (wrzesień 1988): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01926188808250728.

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Abulafia, Judith, i Robert Epstein. "Impersonal and Predatory Relations With Child Victims of Sexual Assault: Pedophilic Interest and Early Childhood Abuse". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 64, nr 16 (15.06.2020): 1741–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x20928018.

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Fixated pedophilic sexual attraction is considered to be a major determinant of risk among sex offenders, but there is little empirical evidence regarding its treatment. It was hypothesized that two prominent factors which have emerged in the literature as being present among some sexual offenders, namely, impersonal, narcissistic, and predatory patterns of offending against victims, and experiencing childhood sexual abuse, may be related to specifically to the strength of pedophilic interest. Such a relationship would provide a deeper understanding of the corollaries of pedophilic interest and would suggest targets for treatment. These factors were explored in a sample of 532 sexual offenders who attended the National Centre for Risk Assessment in Israel, and were found to be significantly related to the level of pedophilic interest in the sample. The implications for treatment of high-risk offenders are discussed.

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Walsh, Kate, Margaret Blaustein, Wanda Grant Knight, Joseph Spinazzola i Bessel A. van der Kolk. "Resiliency Factors in the Relation Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and Adulthood Sexual Assault in College-Age Women". Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 16, nr 1 (15.01.2007): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j070v16n01_01.

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Williams, Rush C., Ryan Holliday, Nicholas Holder i Alina Surís. "Childhood Sexual Assault, Quality of Life, and Psychiatric Comorbidity in Veterans With Military and Civilian Sexual Trauma". Military Psychology 29, nr 4 (6.04.2017): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mil0000166.

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Dodd, Julia, i Heather Littleton. "Sexual Assault and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Lower-Income Rural Women: The Mediating Role of Self-Worth". Violence and Victims 32, nr 1 (2017): 110–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-15-00119.

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Sexual victimization is associated with risky sexual behaviors. Limited research has examined mechanisms via which victimization affects risk behaviors, particularly following different types of sexual victimization. This study examined self-worth as a mediator of the relationship between sexual victimization history: contact childhood sexual abuse (CSA), completed rape in adolescence/adulthood (adolescent/adulthood sexual assault [ASA]), and combined CSA/ASA, and two sexual risk behaviors: past year partners and one-time encounters. Participants were diverse (57.9% African American), low-income women recruited from an OB-GYN waiting room (n = 646). Women with a history of sexual victimization, 29.8% (n = 186) reported lower self-worth, t(586) = 5.26, p < .001, and more partners, t(612) = 2.45, p < .01, than nonvictims. Self-worth was a significant mediator only among women with combined CSA/ASA histories in both risk behavior models.

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McKay, Tasseli, Christine H. Lindquist i Shilpi Misra. "Understanding (and Acting On) 20 Years of Research on Violence and LGBTQ + Communities". Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 20, nr 5 (wrzesień 2017): 665–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838017728708.

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Questions related to violence, vulnerability, and sexual and gender minorities continuing to occupy a focal place in U.S. public discourse. We reviewed findings from 20 years of research on that topic to make recommendations for policy, practice, and future research. This article synthesizes findings from 102 peer-reviewed articles as well as a small number of unpublished studies and grey literature. We found no data to support the idea (widespread in popular discourse) that those in the sexual or gender majority require protection from sexual or gender minority individuals. Instead, this wide body of research indicates that sexual and gender minorities are themselves at elevated risk for physical and sexual assault, harassment, bullying, and hate crime victimization throughout childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Contradicting the image of hate crimes as perpetrated by strangers or acquaintances, we find that bias-related verbal abuse, physical, and sexual assault by close family members contribute heavily to observed victimization rates. Further, despite the perception that society is becoming more welcoming, victimization disparities appear to be stable or widening since the 1990s. More studies with probabilistic sampling approaches, standardized measures, and larger samples of gender minorities are needed. However, widespread victimization of sexual and gender minorities is clearly an urgent issue, demanding attention from clinicians, program developers, and policy makers.

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Hébert, Martine, Francine Lavoie i Martin Blais. "Post Traumatic Stress Disorder/PTSD in adolescent victims of sexual abuse: resilience and social support as protection factors". Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 19, nr 3 (marzec 2014): 685–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232014193.15972013.

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This analysis examined the contribution of personal, family (maternal and paternal support; sibling support) and extra-familiar (peer support; other adults) resilience to the prediction of clinical levels of PTSD symptoms in adolescents reporting sexual abuse. Controls were established for abuse-related variables (type of abuse, severity and multiple abuse) in a representative sample of high schools students in the province of Quebec. A total of 15.2% of adolescent females and 4.4% adolescent males in high school reported a history of sexual abuse in childhood. Sexually abused adolescent females (27.8%) were more likely than adolescent males (14.9%) to achieve scores with high clinical levels of PTSD. Hierarchical logistic regression revealed that over and above the characteristics of the sexual abuse experienced, resilience factors (maternal and peer support) contributed to the prediction of symptoms of PTSD attaining the clinical threshold. Alternative intervention and prevention practices geared to adolescent victims of sexual assault are discussed.

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Bristow, M. F. "The Assault on Freud: A critique of the works of Jeffrey Masson". British Journal of Psychiatry 160, nr 5 (maj 1992): 722–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000124274.

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When a neurologist called Freud presented his findings on hysteria in 1895, his suggestion that it was caused by childhood sexual trauma met with angry disbelief among his colleagues. Over the next ten years he decided that the traumas must have been fantasies, and proposed a set of psychic mechanisms to explain the creation and subsequent concealment of these fantasies. The rest is history, or rather psychoanalysis.

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Childhood sexual assault”

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