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Caykoylu, Ali, Aslihan O. İbiloglu, Yasemen Taner, Nihan Potas i Ender Taner. "The Correlation of Childhood Physical Abuse History and Later Abuse in a Group of Turkish Population". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26, nr 17 (20.05.2011): 3455–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260511403748.
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Domestic violence is passed from one generation to the next, and it affects not only the victim but also the psychological states of the witnesses, and especially the psychosocial development of children. Studies have reported that those who have been the victim of or witnessing violence during their childhood will use violence to a greater extent as adults in their own families. This research examines the relationships between a history of childhood physical abuse, likelihood of psychiatric diagnoses, and potential for being a perpetrator of childhood physical abuse in adulthood among women who received psychiatric treatment and in the healthy population from Turkey. Estimates of the prevalence of childhood physical abuse vary depending on definition and setting. The frequency of witnessing and undergoing physical abuse within the family during childhood is much higher in the psychiatrically disordered group than the healthy controls. Childhood physical abuse history is one of the major risk factors for being an abuser in adulthood. The best indicator of physically abusing one’s own children was found to be as physical abuse during the childhood period rather than psychiatric diagnosis. There is a large body of research indicating that adults who have been abused as children are more likely to abuse their own children than adults without this history. This is an important study from the point of view that consequences of violence can span generations. Further studies with different risk factor and populations will help to identify different dimensions of the problem.
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Madu, S. N. "Prevalence of Child Psychological, Physical, Emotional, and Ritualistic Abuse among High School Students in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa". Psychological Reports 89, nr 2 (październik 2001): 431–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.89.2.431.
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Based on self-reports the prevalence during childhood of psychological, physical, emotional, and ritualistic abuse among 559 high school students in Standards 7, 8, 9, and 10 of three high schools in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa was examined. The questionnaire asked for the demographic information and experiences of psychological, physical, and emotional abuse by their parents or adult caretakers as well as ritualistic abusive experiences before they were 17 years of age plus an estimate of self-perceived abuse during childhood and an overall rating of their own childhood. Analysis showed the self-reported prevalence rates to be as follows: 70.7% psychologically abused (but 14.4% for extreme cases), 27.0% physically abused, 35.3% emotionally abused, and 10.0% ritualistically abused. 13.4% of those who reported themselves as psychologically abused, 20.7% of the physically abused, 19.3% of the emotionally abused, and 35.8% of the ritualistically abused perceive themselves as not abused in any form during childhood. Yet, of the psychologically abused 23.4%, of the physically abused 18.2%, of the emotionally abused 22.0%, and of the ritualistically abused 28.3% rated their childhood as ‘very unhappy’. It appears these various forms of abuse are experienced by the participants as widespread, suggesting that a much more serious problem may exist than has been recognised. More research into those forms of child abuse in this Province and elsewhere is needed for a clear appreciation of the problems and the effects of such abuse in children's behavior.
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Brezo, Jelena, Joel Paris, Frank Vitaro, Martine Hébert, Richard E. Tremblay i Gustavo Turecki. "Predicting suicide attempts in young adults with histories of childhood abuse". British Journal of Psychiatry 193, nr 2 (sierpień 2008): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.037994.
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BackgroundAlthough childhood abuse is an important correlate of suicidality, not all individuals who were abused as children attempt suicide.AimsTo identify correlates and moderators of suicide attempts in adults reporting childhood physical abuse, contact sexual abuse, or both.MethodA French-Canadian, school-based cohort (n=1684) was prospectively followed.ResultsThe identity of the abuser moderated the relationship of abuse frequency and suicide attempts, with individuals abused by their immediate family being at highest risk. Although paternal education exhibited negative associations (OR=0.71, 95% CI 0.58–0.88), several externalising phenotypes had positive associations with suicide attempts: disruptive disorders (OR=3.10, 95% CI 1.05–9.15), conduct problems (OR=1.09, 95% CI 1.01–1.19) and childhood aggression (OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.08–1.83).ConclusionsCharacteristics of the abuser and abusive acts may be important additional indicators of risk for suicide attempts. Future research needs to employ developmental approaches to examine the extent and mechanisms by which childhood abuse contributes to the shared variance of suicidality, maladaptive traits and psychopathology.
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Jung, Hyunzee, Todd I. Herrenkohl, Jungeun Olivia Lee, J. Bart Klika i Martie L. Skinner. "Effects of Physical and Emotional Child Abuse and Its Chronicity on Crime Into Adulthood". Violence and Victims 30, nr 6 (2015): 1004–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-14-00071.
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Analyses tested hypotheses that pertain to direct and indirect effects of parent-reported physical and emotional abuse on later self-reported criminal behavior in a sample of 356 adults of a longitudinal study of more than 30 years. Childhood antisocial behavior was included in analyses as a potential mediator. Physical abuse only predicted adult crime indirectly through childhood antisocial behavior, whereas emotional abuse predicted adult outcome both directly and indirectly. Chronicity of physical abuse was indirectly related to later crime in a subsample test for those who had been physically abused (n = 318), whereas chronicity of emotional abuse was neither directly nor indirectly related to adult crime in a test of those who had been emotionally abused (n = 225). Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
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Fuller-Thomson, Esme, Jennifer Bottoms, Sarah Brennenstuhl i Marion Hurd. "Is Childhood Physical Abuse Associated With Peptic Ulcer Disease? Findings From a Population-based Study". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26, nr 16 (30.01.2011): 3225–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260510393007.
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This study investigated childhood physical abuse and ulcers in a regionally representative community sample. Age, race and sex were controlled for in addition to five clusters of potentially confounding factors: adverse childhood conditions, adult socioeconomic status, current health behaviors, current stress and marital status, and history of mood/anxiety disorders. Childhood physical abuse is associated with many negative physical and psychological adult health outcomes. Two recent studies demonstrate a potential link between childhood physical abuse and peptic ulcer disease in adulthood. The authors use regional data for the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan from the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey. Of the 13,069 respondents with complete data on abuse and ulcers, 7.3% ( n = 1,020) report that they had been physically abused as a child by someone close to them and 3.0% ( n = 493) report that they had been diagnosed with peptic ulcers by a health professional. The regional response rate is approximately 84%. Findings show that those reporting abuse had more than twice the prevalence of ulcers than did those not reporting abuse (6.6% vs. 2.7%). The fully adjusted odd ratio of peptic ulcers among those who had reported childhood physical abuse is 1.68 (95% CI = 1.22, 2.32). A significant and stable relationship between childhood physical abuse and peptic ulcers is found, even when taking into account five clusters of potentially confounding factors. Prospective studies that apply the biopsychosocial model are likely to be the most effective for identifying the pathways that connect childhood physical abuse and ulcer disease.
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Buist, Anne. "Childhood Abuse, Parenting and Postpartum Depression". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 32, nr 4 (sierpień 1998): 479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679809068320.
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Objective: While the potential negative effects on children of maternal depression has been documented, the influence of a maternal history of childhood abuse on child development is unclear. This study, the first stage of a 3–year follow-up study, looks at childhood abuse in women with depression in the postpartum period. Method: Fifty-six women admitted with postpartum depressive disorders were assessed with respect to their wellbeing, relationships and infant interaction. Twenty-eight women had a history of sexual abuse before the age of 16, nine physical/ emotional abuse and 19 had no history of abuse. Results: The mother-infant relationship was seen to be impaired in the sexually abused group (p = 0.007). The significance increased when all abused women were compared to controls (p = 0.001). In addition, abuse was associated with more severe depression on the Beck Depression Inventory (p = 0.046), and a trend to higher anxiety and longer lengths of stay (p = 0.05 for physical abuse). Partners rated themselves as being more skilled and confident parents. Conclusions: The effect of childhood abuse was indistinguishable between emotional and physical abuse in postpartum depressed women. The most significant effect was a deleterious one on the mother-infant relationship in those women with a history of abuse.
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Pederson, Cathy L., Daniel R. Vanhorn, Josephine F. Wilson, Lisa M. Martorano, Jana M. Venema i Sarah M. Kennedy. "Childhood Abuse Related to Nicotine, Illicit and Prescription Drug use by Women: Pilot Study". Psychological Reports 103, nr 2 (październik 2008): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.103.2.459-466.
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A sample of 811 women ages 18 to 59 ( M = 26.0, SD=6.5) responded to an advertisement by telephone. Inquiries were made about childhood abuse status and adult use of alcohol, nicotine, and prescription and illicit drugs. Significant associations were noted for reported sexual, physical, and emotional childhood abuse with use of nicotine, marijuana, and antidepressants in adulthood. Reported childhood physical and emotional abuses were also significantly associated with use of cocaine and anxiolytics, and sexual abuse with antipsychotic use in adulthood. Only childhood emotional abuse was associated with the use of sleeping pills. Number of types of abuse was significantly related with use of nicotine, marijuana, cocaine, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anxiolytics. Alcohol use was not related to any type of abuse. The long-term effects of childhood emotional abuse may be just as severe as physical or sexual abuse.
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Ammerman, Robert T. "Physical Abuse and Childhood Disability". Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 1, nr 1 (25.07.1997): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j146v01n01_11.
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Kasim, Mohd Sham, Irene Cheah i Haliza Mohd Shafie. "Childhood deaths from physical abuse". Child Abuse & Neglect 19, nr 7 (lipiec 1995): 847–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(95)00046-b.
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McDonald, Lynn, i Cynthia Thomas. "Elder abuse through a life course lens". International Psychogeriatrics 25, nr 8 (27.03.2013): 1235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161021300015x.
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ABSTRACTBackground: This paper provides the findings from a large pilot study, Defining and Measuring Elder Abuse and Neglect, a precursor to a national prevalence study to be conducted in Canada beginning in September 2013. One purpose of this study and the focus of this paper was to determine whether a life course perspective would provide a useful framework for examining elder abuse. The two-year pilot study, 2009–2011, examined the prevalence of perceptions of abuse at each life stage by type of abuse, the importance of early life stage abuse in predicting types of elder abuse, and early life stage abuse as a risk factor for elder abuse.Methods: Older adults who were aged ≥55 years (N = 267) completed a cross-sectional telephone survey, comprising measures of five types of elder abuse (neglect, physical, sexual, psychological, and financial) and their occurrence across the life course: childhood (≤17 years), young adulthood (18 to 24 years), and older adulthood (5 to 12 months prior to the interview date). Data analyses included descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations for abuse at the various life stages, and the estimation of logistic regression models that examined predictors of late life abuse, and multinomial logistic regression models predicting the frequency of abuse.Results: Fifty-five percent of the sample reported abuse during childhood, and 34.1% reported abuse during young adulthood. Forty-three percent said they were abused during mature adulthood, and 24.4% said they were abused since age 55 but prior to the interview date of the study. Psychological (42.3%), physical (26.6%), and sexual abuses (32.2%) were the most common abuses in childhood while psychological abuse was the most common type of abuse at each life stage. When the risk factors for abuse were considered simultaneously including abuse during all three life stages, only a history of abuse during childhood retained its importance (OR = 1.81, p = 0.046, CI = 1.01–3.26). Abuse in childhood increased the risk of experiencing one type of abuse relative to no abuse, but was also unrelated to experiencing two or more types of abuse compared to no abuse.Conclusions: Results suggest that a life course perspective provides a useful framework for understanding elder abuse and neglect. The findings indicate that a childhood history of abuse in this sample had a deciding influence on later mistreatment, over and above what happens later in life.
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CALISO, JOHN A., i JOEL S. MILNER. "Childhood Physical Abuse, Childhood Social Support, and Adult Child Abuse Potential". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 9, nr 1 (marzec 1994): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088626094009001003.
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Kamimura, Akiko, Vikas Ganta, Kyl Myers i Tomi Thomas. "Intimate Partner Violence, Childhood Abuse, and In-Law Abuse Among Women Utilizing Community Health Services in Gujarat, India". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, nr 24 (7.09.2015): 3778–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515603973.
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Previous studies in India suggest high prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV), childhood abuse, and abuse from in-laws. Yet few studies examined IPV, childhood abuse, and abuse from in-laws together. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between IPV, childhood abuse, and abuse from in-laws, and types of abuse (physical, sexual, and emotional abuse) among women utilizing community health services for the economically disadvantaged in India. This study contributes to expanding the literature on abuse experience and providing knowledge for developing intervention programs and research projects to improve health and safety of economically disadvantaged women. The data were collected from women aged 18 years old or older at 18 community health centers that are primarily for the economically disadvantaged in Gujarat, India, in October and November 2013. Of the 219 women who completed a self-administered survey, 167 participants, who had ever been married and indicated whether they had been abused by their spouse or not, were included in analysis. More than 60% of the participants experienced IPV, childhood abuse, and/or abuse from in-laws, often with multiple types of abuse. Physical abuse is a major issue for IPV, childhood abuse, and in-law abuse. Emotional abuse potentially happens along with physical and/or sexual abuse. Abuse from in-laws requires greater attention because all types of abuse from in-laws were associated with IPV. Community health centers should provide abuse prevention and intervention programs that have involvement of family members as well as women who are at risk of being abused.
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Tonmyr, Lil, Ellen Jamieson, Leslie S. Mery i Harriet L. MacMillan. "The Relation between Childhood Adverse Experiences and Disability Due to Mental Health Problems in a Community Sample of Women". Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 50, nr 12 (październik 2005): 778–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370505001207.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the association between selected childhood adverse experiences and disability due to mental health problems in a community sample of women. Variables of interest included childhood physical and sexual abuse, parental psychiatric and substance abuse history, and sociodemographic factors. Method: Girls and women (aged 15 to 64 years) from a province-wide community sample ( n = 4239) were asked about disability and most childhood adverse experiences through interview; a self-administered questionnaire inquired about child abuse. Logistic regression (crude and adjusted odds ratios) was used to test the associations between childhood adversity and disability due to mental health problems. Results: Approximately 3% of the women had a disability due to mental health problems. Among women with a disability, about 50% had been abused while growing up. After controlling for income and age, we found that disability showed the strongest association with childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse, and parental psychiatric disorder. Conclusion: Disability due to mental health problems was experienced by women with and without exposure to abuse in childhood. However, childhood sexual abuse and physical abuse were important correlates of disability. Disability creates suffering and loss for the individual and society; this issue merits more research in relation to child abuse.
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KISER, LAUREL J., JERRY HESTON, PAMELA A. MILLSAP i DAVID B. PRUITT. "Physical and Sexual Abuse in Childhood". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 30, nr 5 (wrzesień 1991): 776–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199109000-00013.
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Porcerelli, John H., John R. Jones, Rachel Klamo i Rebecca Heeney. "Childhood abuse in adults in primary care: Empirical findings and clinical implications". International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 52, nr 3 (maj 2017): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091217417730290.
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In the healthcare setting, adult patients with histories of childhood abuse are of significant concern and are frequently encountered in the primary care setting. However, there is a dearth of studies investigating the relationships between psychopathology, overall health, healthcare utilization, physician ratings of patient difficulty, and childhood abuse. The present study examines these relationships in primary care patients with (N = 45) and without (N = 129) histories of childhood abuse (physical, sexual, and both). Findings revealed that adult patients with histories of childhood abuse generally scored significantly higher on measures of psychopathology, emergency room use, and doctor–patient relationship difficulty, and lower on a measure of mental and physician-rated physical health. In a multiple regression analysis, income and a history of childhood sexual abuse significantly predicted overall mental health. In a second multiple regression analysis, income, depression, somatization, borderline personality disorder, and difficult doctor–patient relationship ratings significantly predicted physician-rated physical health. Overall, these findings suggest that a history of childhood abuse is associated with a host of negative health outcomes. Findings also suggest that negative feelings about a patient may help physicians identify patients with histories of childhood abuse. It is especially important for physicians to routinely include an assessment of childhood abuse during the psychosocial portion of the medical interview or through screening instruments.
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Vonderlin, Ruben, Nikolaus Kleindienst, Georg W. Alpers, Martin Bohus, Lisa Lyssenko i Christian Schmahl. "Dissociation in victims of childhood abuse or neglect: a meta-analytic review". Psychological Medicine 48, nr 15 (10.04.2018): 2467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291718000740.
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AbstractChildhood abuse and neglect are associated with dissociative symptoms in adulthood. However, empirical studies show heterogeneous results depending on the type of childhood abuse or neglect and other maltreatment characteristics. In this meta-analysis, we systematically investigated the relationship between childhood interpersonal maltreatment and dissociation in 65 studies with 7352 abused or neglected individuals using the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES). We extracted DES-scores for abused and non-abused populations as well as information about type of abuse/neglect, age of onset, duration of abuse, and relationship to the perpetrator. Random-effects models were used for data synthesis, and meta-regression was used to predict DES-scores in abused populations from maltreatment characteristics. The results revealed higher dissociation in victims of childhood abuse and neglect compared with non-abused or neglected subsamples sharing relevant population features (MAbuse = 23.5, MNeglect = 18.8, MControl = 13.8) with highest scores for sexual and physical abuse. An earlier age of onset, a longer duration of abuse, and parental abuse significantly predicted higher dissociation scores. This meta-analysis underlines the importance of childhood abuse/neglect in the etiology of dissociation. The identified moderators may inform risk assessment and early intervention to prevent the development of dissociative symptoms.
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Schneider, F. David, Cynthia A. Loveland Cook, Joanne Salas, Jeffrey Scherrer, Ivy N. Cleveland i Sandra K. Burge. "Childhood Trauma, Social Networks, and the Mental Health of Adult Survivors". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, nr 5-6 (20.03.2017): 1492–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517696855.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of childhood trauma to the quality of social networks and health outcomes later in adulthood. Data were obtained from a convenience sample of 254 adults seen in one of 10 primary care clinics in the state of Texas. Standardized measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), stressful and supportive social relationships, medical conditions, anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life were administered. Using latent class analysis, subjects were assigned to one of four ACE classes: (a) minimal childhood abuse (56%), (b) physical/verbal abuse of both child and mother with household alcohol abuse (13%), (c) verbal and physical abuse of child with household mental illness (12%), and (d) verbal abuse only (19%). Statistically significant differences across the four ACE classes were found for mental health outcomes in adulthood. Although respondents who were physically and verbally abused as children reported compromised mental health, this was particularly true for those who witnessed physical abuse of their mother. A similar relationship between ACE class and physical health was not found. The quality of adult social networks partly accounted for the relationship between ACE classes and mental health outcomes. Respondents exposed to ACEs with more supportive social networks as adults had diminished odds of reporting poor mental health. Conversely, increasing numbers of stressful social relationships contributed to adverse mental health outcomes. Although efforts to prevent childhood trauma remain a critical priority, the treatment of adult survivors needs to expand its focus on both strengthening social networks and decreasing the negative effects of stressful ones.
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Sansone, Randy A., Michael W. Wiederman i Jamie S. McLean. "The Relationship between Childhood Trauma and Medically Self-Sabotaging Behaviors among Psychiatric Inpatients". International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 38, nr 4 (grudzień 2008): 469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pm.38.4.f.
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Objective: This study was designed to explore the relationship between five forms of childhood trauma and medically self-sabotaging behaviors (i.e., the intentional induction, exaggeration, and/or exacerbation of medical symptoms). Method: Using a cross-sectional sample of convenience, 120 psychiatric inpatients were surveyed about childhood sexual, physical, and emotional abuses, the witnessing of violence, and physical neglect, as well as 19 medically self-sabotaging behaviors (i.e., intentional behaviors that represent attempts to sabotage medical care). Results: As expected, in this sample there were high prevalence rates of trauma (62.5% emotional abuse, 58.3% witnessing of violence, 46.7% physical abuse, 37.5% sexual abuse, 28.3% physical neglect). Simple correlations demonstrated statistically significant relationships between sexual abuse and physical neglect and medically self-sabotaging behaviors. Using multiple regression analysis, only physical neglect remained a unique predictor of medically self-sabotaging behaviors. Conclusions: These findings indicate that among psychiatric inpatients there appears to be a relationship between physical neglect in childhood and the generation of medically self-sabotaging behaviors in adulthood. Perhaps physical neglect in childhood contributes to the generation of somatic behaviors in adulthood for the purpose of eliciting caring responses from others.
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Farley, Melissa, i Beatrice M. Patsalides. "Physical Symptoms, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Healthcare Utilization of Women with and without Childhood Physical and Sexual Abuse". Psychological Reports 89, nr 3 (grudzień 2001): 595–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.89.3.595.
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For four groups of women: no abuse, physical abuse alone, combined sexual and physical abuse, and unclear about memories of abuse, we examined the associations between childhood sexual and physical abuse, chronic physical symptoms in adulthood, PTSD, and health care utilization. Of a randomly selected sample of 600 adult female members of a health maintenance organization, 86 (14%) chose to participate. Women with a history of physical and sexual abuse in childhood reported significantly more cardiovascular, immune, musculoskeletal, neurologic, and reproductive symptoms than those without this history. While the Sexual/Physical Abuse group had the most chronic physical symptoms, medical visits, emergency room visits, prescriptions, and severe PTSD, the Unclear Memory group consistently ranked second on these same measures—higher than either Controls or the Physical Abuse group. Findings underscore the importance of screening for trauma history among patients seen in medical clinics, and the importance for psychotherapists of attending to patients' physical as well as psychological symptoms of childhood trauma.
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Chiu, Gretchen R., Karen E. Lutfey, Heather J. Litman, Carol L. Link, Susan A. Hall i John B. McKinlay. "Prevalence and Overlap of Childhood and Adult Physical, Sexual, and Emotional Abuse: A Descriptive Analysis of Results From the Boston Area Community Health (BACH) Survey". Violence and Victims 28, nr 3 (2013): 381–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.11-043.
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Abuse is associated with a wide variety of health problems, yet comprehensive population-based data are scant. Existing literature focuses on a single type of abuse, population, or lifestage. Using a racially/ethnically diverse community-based sample, we document the prevalence of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse by lifestage and gender; assess variation in abuse by sociodemographics; establish overlap of abuses; and examine childhood abuse relationships with abuse in adulthood. Prevalence of abuse ranges from 15% to 27%; women report more adulthood emotional abuse and lifetime sexual abuse than men; reports of abuse can vary by race/ethnicity and poverty status, particularly in women; there is overlap between types of abuse; and a history of childhood abuse is associated with a greater risk of abuse as an adult.
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McClure, Margaret M., i Megan Parmenter. "Childhood Trauma, Trait Anxiety, and Anxious Attachment as Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence in College Students". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, nr 23-24 (24.08.2017): 6067–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517721894.
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The current study investigates the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV), childhood trauma, trait anxiety, depression, and anxious attachment in college students. Ninety-three male and 161 female undergraduate students at Fairfield University, ranging in age from 17 to 23, with a mean age of 18.8 years, participated. Participants completed five self-report inventories: The Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Adult Attachment Scale (AAS). IPV perpetration in college dating relationships was related to childhood emotional and physical abuse, emotional and physical neglect, and trait anxiety. IPV victimization in college dating relationships was related to childhood emotional and physical abuse, childhood emotional and physical neglect, and an anxious attachment style. IPV perpetration and victimization were also significantly correlated with one another. Subscale analyses suggest that childhood emotional abuse was related to being both the perpetrator and victim of verbal or emotional abuse in dating relationships. Childhood physical abuse, physical neglect, and emotional abuse were related to both perpetration and victimization of physical IPV. Threatening behavior perpetration in dating relationships was related to childhood emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse, and physical neglect; however, being the victim of threatening behavior was only related to childhood emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect, not childhood physical abuse. These results support the relationship between childhood trauma and dating violence in college students. They also support a role for anxiety in IPV, although trait anxiety was related to perpetration and an anxious attachment style was correlated with IPV victimization. In addition, they suggest that different experiences of childhood trauma may relate to different aspects of IPV in college dating relationships.
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Dereli İman, Esra. "The relationship between adolescents’ childhood trauma experiences and empathetic tendency, social problem solving". Pegem Eğitim ve Öğretim Dergisi 5, nr 3 (1.09.2015): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14527/pegegog.2015.013.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether high school students’ childhood trauma experiences differ based on individual differences, and whether childhood trauma experiences of adolescents predict empathic tendency and social problem solving. In this study, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Adolescent KA-Sİ Empathic Tendency Scale, and Social Problem Solving Inventory were used. Adolescents’ physical abuse, emotional abuse-neglect, and sexual abuse sub-dimensions of childhood trauma experience scores significantly differed based on gender. Adolescents’ physical abuse, emotional abuse-neglect sub dimensions of childhood trauma experience scores significantly differed based on father education-level, number of siblings and income- level of family. Adolescents’ emotional abuse-neglect sub dimension of childhood trauma experiences scores significantly differed based on mother education-level. Also physical abuse, emotional abuse-neglect sub dimensions of childhood trauma experiences predicted cognitive empathy whereas emotional abuse-neglect, sexual abuse sub dimensions of childhood trauma experiences predicted emotional empathy. The results also indicate that adolescents’ emotional abuse-neglect sub dimensions of childhood trauma experiences predicted sub dimensions of social problem solving.
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Karim, Rabiul, Suchona Rahman, Hafijur Rahman, Tanzima Zohra Habib, Sadequl Arefin i Katarina Swahnberg. "Does childhood experience of family victimization influence adulthood refusal of wife abuse? Evidence from rural Bangladesh". PLOS ONE 16, nr 6 (3.06.2021): e0252600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252600.
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This study examined how different forms of childhood family victimization are associated with the attitudinal (not actual action) refusal of wife abuse among women and men in rural Bangladesh. It included 1,929 randomly selected married women and men. Of the sample, 31.3% (Men = 49.3%, Women = 13.5%) attitudinally refused overall wife abuse, 38.5% (Men = 53.2%, Women = 23.8%) refused emotional abuse, 67.0% (Men = 82.5%, Women = 51.6%) refused physical abuse, 78.0% (Men = 88.6%, Women = 67.4%) refused abuse on wife’s disobeying family obligations, and 32.3% (Men = 50.3%, Women = 14.6%) refused abuse on challenging male authority. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the odds ratio (ORs) of the attitudinal refusal of overall wife abuse were 1.75 (p = .041) for the childhood non-victims of emotional abuse and 2.31 (p < .001) for the victims of mild emotional abuse, compared to the victims of severe emotional abuse. On the other hand, the ORs of the overall refusal of abuse were 1.84 (p = .031) for the non-victims of physical abuse and 1.29 (p = .465) for the victims of mild physical abuse, compared to the childhood victims of severe physical abuse. Data further revealed that the childhood non-victimization of physical abuse increased all types of attitudinal refusal of wife abuse, e.g., emotional abuse, physical abuse, abuse on disobeying family obligations, and abuse on challenging male authority. Compared to the childhood experiences of severe emotional abuse, data also indicated that childhood exposure to mild emotional abuse might increase the attitudinal refusal of wife abuse on a few issues, e.g., abuse on disobeying family obligations, abuse on challenging male authority, and physical abuse. It appeared that childhood experiences of family victimization greatly influence different types of attitudinal refusal of wife abuse. We argue that the issue of childhood victimization should be brought to the forefront in the discourse. We recommend that state machinery and social welfare agencies should expend significant efforts to stop child abuse within the family and in other areas of society in rural Bangladesh.
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Campbell, Kristine A., Elizabeth Gamarra, Caren J. Frost, Bom Choi i Heather T. Keenan. "Childhood Adversity and Health After Physical Abuse". Pediatrics 146, nr 4 (16.09.2020): e20200638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-0638.
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Levy, Norman B. "Childhood Memories of Sexual and Physical Abuse". Psychosomatics 39, nr 1 (styczeń 1998): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-3182(98)71373-8.
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Ross, Colin A., Benjamin B. Keyes, Zeping Xiao, Heqin Yan, Zhen Wang, Zheng Zou, Yong Xu, Jue Chen i Haiyin Zhang. "Childhood Physical and Sexual Abuse in China". Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 14, nr 4 (13.12.2005): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j070v14n04_06.
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Malinosky-Rummell, Robin, i David J. Hansen. "Long-term consequences of childhood physical abuse." Psychological Bulletin 114, nr 1 (1993): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.114.1.68.
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Glaser, D. "Development after Physical Abuse in Early Childhood". BMJ 311, nr 7013 (28.10.1995): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.7013.1175.
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Herrenkohl, Roy C. "Development after physical abuse in early childhood". Child Abuse & Neglect 20, nr 6 (czerwiec 1996): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(96)00036-1.
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Fry, Richard. "Adult physical illness and childhood sexual abuse". Journal of Psychosomatic Research 37, nr 2 (luty 1993): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(93)90075-q.
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Afifi, Tracie O., Douglas A. Brownridge, Brian J. Cox i Jitender Sareen. "Physical punishment, childhood abuse and psychiatric disorders". Child Abuse & Neglect 30, nr 10 (październik 2006): 1093–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.04.006.
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Sagram, Julie, William Lee, JinCheol Choi, M. J. Milloy, Kanna Hayashi, Kora DeBeck, Evan Wood i Thomas Kerr. "Childhood physical abuse and subsequent violent victimization among people who use illegal drugs in Vancouver, Canada". PLOS ONE 16, nr 8 (12.08.2021): e0255875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255875.
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Background Violent victimization is common among people who use illegal drugs (PWUD) and is a source of significant health-related harm. However, little attention has been paid to how antecedent childhood trauma among PWUD may contribute to the risk of victimization in adulthood. Objective This study sought to examine the relationship between childhood physical abuse and victimization by physical assault among adult PWUD. Participants and setting Data were derived from three prospective cohorts of PWUD in Vancouver, Canada between 2005 and 2018. Methods Childhood physical abuse was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Generalized linear mixed modeling was used to estimate the relationship between childhood physical abuse and subsequent violent victimization, after adjustment for potential confounders. Results Among 2960 PWUD, including 1018 (34.39%) female participants, 1030 (34.8%) participants reported a history of moderate to severe childhood physical abuse, and 949 (32.06%) participants reported recent violent victimization at baseline. In a multivariate analysis, childhood physical abuse (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–1.46) remained independently associated with violent victimization after adjustment for potential confounders. Conclusions This study found a high prevalence of childhood physical abuse and that this was associated with a higher risk of subsequent violent victimization among PWUD in this setting. Greater support for PWUD with a history of childhood physical abuse is needed to decrease existing vulnerability to violence, including screening for and treatment of childhood trauma and related violence prevention.
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Rueness, Janne, Mia C. Myhre MD, Ida F. Strøm, Tore Wentzel-Larsen, Grete Dyb i Siri Thoresen. "Child abuse and physical health: A population-based study on physical health complaints among adolescents and young adults". Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 48, nr 5 (9.05.2019): 511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494819848581.
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Aims: To investigate whether adolescents and young adults with a history of child abuse had more physical health complaints compared to their unexposed peers. We also aimed to estimate associations between different child abuse types with physical health complaints and associations between the number of child abuse types and physical health complaints. Methods: This population-based telephone survey over two waves included 506 adolescents and young adults exposed to child abuse and 504 non-abused peers aged 16–33 years. We applied linear regression analyses to investigate associations between child abuse types and physical health complaints, unadjusted and mutually adjusted for co-occurring abuse, and to investigate how the number of child abuse types associated with physical health complaints. Results: Participants exposed to child abuse reported significantly more physical health complaints. The child abuse types strongly co-occurred. When adjusting for co-occurring child abuse, only sexual and emotional abuse were significantly associated with physical health complaints. Physical health complaints increased with the higher number of child abuse types experienced. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that exposure to abuse, particularly sexual and emotional, during childhood predicts physical health complaints in adolescence and early adulthood. In a public health perspective, early identification of child abuse may be beneficial in preventing physical health complaints later in life.
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Healy, Kevin, Roger Kennedy i Janet Sinclair. "Child Physical Abuse Observed". British Journal of Psychiatry 158, nr 2 (luty 1991): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.2.234.
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Twenty-seven families, 14 with a history of child physical abuse and 13 with no such history, were studied over the course of intensive in-patient treatment. The families in the former group differed significantly from those in the latter group in terms of current circumstances and background histories. Families where abuse was admitted benefited significantly more from treatment than families where abuse was suspected but not admitted. The ability of mothers to remember good relationships from childhood and to establish good relationships during treatment was an important prognostic factor for successful treatment.
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Fisher, Helen, Craig Morgan, Paola Dazzan, Thomas K. Craig, Kevin Morgan, Gerard Hutchinson, Peter B. Jones i in. "Gender differences in the association between childhood abuse and psychosis". British Journal of Psychiatry 194, nr 4 (kwiecień 2009): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.047985.
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BackgroundStudies demonstrating an association between childhood trauma and psychosis in adulthood have not systematically explored gender differences.AimsTo investigate gender differences in the prevalence of childhood sexual and physical abuse among people with psychosis in comparison with healthy controls.MethodThe Childhood Experiences of Care and Abuse Questionnaire was completed to elicit experiences of sexual and physical abuse during childhood in first-episode psychosis cases and population-based controls.ResultsAmong women, those in the cases group were twice as likely to report either physical or sexual abuse compared with controls following adjustment for all confounders. In particular, the effect of physical abuse in women was stronger and more robust than that for sexual abuse. A similar trend was found for psychotic-like experiences in the female control group. No association was found in men.ConclusionsReports of severe childhood physical or sexual abuse were associated with psychosis in women but not in men.
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Becirovic, E., R. Softic, M. Mirkovic Hajdukov i A. Becirovic. "Childhood Physical Punishment as Risk Factor for Combat-Related PTSD". European Psychiatry 33, S1 (marzec 2016): S511—S512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1889.
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IntroductionRisk and protective factors for PTSD can be grouped into pretraumatic, peritraumatic, and posttraumatic. Reported childhood abuse has predictive risk effects for PTSD than most other pretraumatic risk factors.ObjectiveTo examine childhood physical abuse history in war veterans.AimsTo determine whether childhood physical abuse is risk factor for PTSD in war veterans.MethodsCross-sectional study of 205 war veterans tested by Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and sociobiographic Questionnaire (with data of childhood physical punishment).ResultsA significant difference in reported childhood physical punishment between war veterans with and without PTSD was found. Veterans with PTSD were identified as recipients of childhood physical punishment.ConclusionsChildhood physical punishment has positive correlation with development of PTSD in war veterans.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Bonevski, Dimitar, i Antoni Novotni. "Child abuse in panic disorder". Medical review 61, nr 3-4 (2008): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0804169b.
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Introduction Numerous authors associate child abuse with serious long-term consequences to the general and psychological well-being in particular. Clinical research to date reveals strong correlation between childhood abuse and neglect and anxiety disorders, especially panic disorder. Material and Methods This study was conducted in order to assess the level of emotional, physical and sexual childhood abuse as well as the physical and emotional childhood neglect in 40 adult patients suffering from panic disorder, diagnosed in accordance with the 10th International Classification of Disorders diagnostic criteria, compared with the control group of 40 healthy test subjects without a history of psychiatric disorders, using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The severity of the clinical manifestation in patients with panic disorder was assessed using the Panic Disorder Severity Scale. Results and Discussion There were no significant differences between the groups as to the level of sexual abuse and physical neglect, whereas in the group of patients with panic disorder, the level of physical and emotional abuse was significantly higher, with emphasis on emotional neglect. With regards to the correlation between the severity of the clinical manifestation in patients with panic disorder and the severity of suffered abuse and neglect in childhood age, significant correlation was found in the physical and emotional abuse as well as emotional neglect. There was no significant correlation in the aspect of the physical neglect and sexual abuse. Conclusion Our research underlines the importance of childhood physical abuse, and especially emotional abuse and emotional neglect in the occurrence of panic disorder later in life.
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FERGUSSON, D. M., L. J. HORWOOD i L. J. WOODWARD. "The stability of child abuse reports: a longitudinal study of the reporting behaviour of young adults". Psychological Medicine 30, nr 3 (maj 2000): 529–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291799002111.
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Background. The aims of this study were to use longitudinal report data on physical and sexual abuse to examine the stability and consistency of abuse reports.Methods. The study was based on the birth cohort of young people studied in the Christchurch Health and Development Study. At ages 18 and 21 years, these young people were questioned about their childhood exposure to physical punishment and sexual abuse. Concurrent with these assessments, sample members were also assessed on measures of psychiatric disorder and suicidal behaviour.Results. Reports of childhood sexual abuse and physical punishment were relatively unstable and the values of kappa for test–retests of abuse reporting were in the region of 0·45. Inconsistencies in reporting were unrelated to the subject's psychiatric state. Latent class analyses suggested that: (a) those not abused did not falsely report being abused; and (b) those who were abused provided unreliable reports in which the probability of a false negative response was in the region of 50%. Different approaches to classifying subjects as abused led to wide variations in the estimated prevalence of abuse but estimates of the relative risk of psychiatric adjustment problems conditional on abuse exposure remained relatively stable.Conclusions. There was substantial unreliability in the reporting of child abuse. This unreliability arose because those who were subject to abuse often provided false negative reports. The consequences of errors in reports appear to be: (a) that estimates of abuse prevalence based on a single report are likely to seriously underestimate the true prevalence of abuse; while (b) estimates of the relative risk of psychiatric adjustment problems conditional on abuse appear to be robust to the effects of reporting errors.
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Crouch, Julie L., Joel S. Milner i John A. Caliso. "Childhood Physical Abuse, Perceived Social Support, and Socioemotional Status in Adult Women". Violence and Victims 10, nr 4 (styczeń 1995): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.10.4.273.
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This study investigated the extent to which an interactional model, relative to a main effect model, predicts the relationship between childhood physical abuse, perceived social support, and various aspects of socioemotional functioning in adult women. The results indicated that perceived social support during childhood was significantly related to subsequent levels of adult depression, trait anxiety, and child abuse potential in a manner consistent with a main effect model. Childhood history of physical abuse was related only to adult child abuse potential. Implications and study limitations are discussed.
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Kong, Jooyoung, i Scott D. Easton. "Re-experiencing Violence Across the Life Course: Histories of Childhood Maltreatment and Elder Abuse Victimization". Journals of Gerontology: Series B 74, nr 5 (26.03.2018): 853–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby035.
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Abstract Objectives This study primarily examines the associations between histories of childhood maltreatment (i.e., neglect, emotional, physical, and sexual abuse) and elder abuse victimization and explores whether gender moderates the associations. Methods We conducted a secondary data analysis of 5,968 older adults (mean age = 71 years) based on data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (2010–2011). Using retrospective self-reports of childhood and current (past 12 months) victimization experiences, logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the effects of early-life adversities on the likelihood of elder abuse victimization. Results Results indicate that childhood emotional abuse and childhood sexual abuse (CSA) were associated with greater risk of being abused as older adults, after controlling for childhood and adult background factors. We also found that the effect of CSA on elder abuse victimization was weaker for women than men. Discussion Findings suggest that the phenomenon of revictimization may occur not only in early and middle adulthood, but also in late life. To advance our understanding of victimization across the life course, future research on root causes of elder abuse should include histories of child abuse.
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Rajkumar, Ravi Philip. "The Impact of Childhood Adversity on the Clinical Features of Schizophrenia". Schizophrenia Research and Treatment 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/532082.
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Introduction. Recent research has drawn attention to the link between childhood maltreatment and schizophrenia. Child abuse and neglect may have an impact on symptoms and physical health in these patients. This association has not been studied to date in India.Materials and Methods. Clinically stable patients with schizophrenia (n=62) were assessed for childhood adversity using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The association of specific forms of adversity with symptomatology and associated variables was examined.Results. Emotional abuse was reported by 56.5% patients and physical abuse by 33.9%; scores for childhood neglect were also high. Persecutory delusions were linked to physical abuse, while anxiety was linked to emotional neglect and depression to emotional abuse and childhood neglect. Physical abuse was linked to elevated systolic blood pressure, while emotional abuse and neglect in women were linked to being overweight.Conclusions. Childhood adversity is common in schizophrenia and appears to be associated with a specific symptom profile. Certain components of the metabolic syndrome also appear to be related to childhood adversity. These results are subject to certain limitations as they are derived from remitted patients, and no control group was used for measures of childhood adversity.
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GOODWIN, RENEE D., i MURRAY B. STEIN. "Association between childhood trauma and physical disorders among adults in the United States". Psychological Medicine 34, nr 3 (kwiecień 2004): 509–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170300134x.
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Background. The goal of this investigation was to determine the association between self-reported childhood trauma and physical disorders among adults in the United States.Method. Data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey (N=S877). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations between childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, and childhood neglect and the likelihood of specific physical disorders among adults.Results. Childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse and neglect were associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of a wide range of physical illnesses during adulthood. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifetime anxiety and depressive disorders, alcohol and substance dependence, and all types of trauma: results showed that childhood physical abuse was associated with increased risk of lung disease (OR=1·5 (1·1, 2·2)), peptic ulcer (OR=1·5 (1·03, 2·2)) and arthritic disorders (OR=1·5 (1·1, 2·2)); childhood sexual abuse was associated with increased risk of cardiac disease (OR=3·7 (1·5, 9·4)); and childhood neglect was associated with increased risk of diabetes (OR=2·2 (1·1, 4·4)) and autoimmune disorders (OR=4·4 (1·7, 11·6)).Conclusions. Consistent with previous work, these results suggest that self-reported childhood trauma is associated with increased risk of a range of physical illnesses during adulthood. Future research that includes replication of these findings using prospectively assessed physical and mental disorders with objectively measured biological data using a longitudinal design, including other known risk factors for these diseases and more detailed information on specific forms of abuse, is needed to understand the potential mechanisms of these links.
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Watson, Stuart, Roy Chilton, Helen Fairchild i Peter Whewell. "Association between Childhood Trauma and Dissociation Among Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, nr 5 (maj 2006): 478–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01825.x.
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Objective: To examine the relationship between childhood trauma and dissociative experience in adulthood in patients with borderline personality disorder. Method: Dissociative experiences scale scores and subscale scores for the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were correlated in 139 patients. Patients were dichotomized into high or low dissociators using the Median Dissociative Experiences Scale score as the cut-off. Results: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Subscale scores for emotional and physical abuse and emotional neglect but not sexual abuse correlated significantly with Dissociative Experiences Scale scores. High dissociators reported significantly greater levels of emotional abuse, physical abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect but not sexual abuse than low dissociators. Conclusion: Patients with borderline personality disorder therefore demonstrated levels of dissociation that increased with levels of childhood trauma, supporting the hypothesis that traumatic childhood experiences engender dissociative symptoms later in life. Emotional abuse and neglect may be at least as important as physical and sexual abuse in the development of dissociative symptoms.
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Brenner, Inbal, i Galit Ben-Amitay. "Sexual Revictimization: The Impact of Attachment Anxiety, Accumulated Trauma, and Response to Childhood Sexual Abuse Disclosure". Violence and Victims 30, nr 1 (2015): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00098.
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It has been proposed that a complexity of personal, interpersonal, and environmental factors is related to sexual revictimization among childhood sexual abuse survivors. In this study, we investigated the relations between attachment dimensions, exposure to accumulated childhood traumas, reaction to childhood sexual abuse disclosure, and adult sexual revictimization. Participants were 60 Israeli women with histories of childhood sexual abuse. Seventy percent of the women reported adult sexual revictimization. Revictimization was related to higher attachment anxiety but not to higher attachment avoidance. Revictimization was also related to emotional and physical child abuse but not to emotional and physical child neglect. Revictimization rates were higher among women who had received negative environmental responses following childhood sexual abuse disclosure than among women who had received supportive reactions and those who had not disclosed childhood sexual abuse at all. Findings were significant even after controlling for severity of childhood sexual abuse. The findings emphasize the role of various contextual-interpersonal factors on revictimization vulnerability among the survivors of childhood sexual abuse.
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Rosen, Leora N., i Lee Martin. "Childhood Maltreatment History as a Risk Factor for Sexual Harassment Among U.S. Army Soldiers". Violence and Victims 13, nr 3 (styczeń 1998): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.13.3.269.
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Four different types of childhood maltreatment were examined as predictors of unwanted sexual experiences and acknowledged sexual harassment among male and female active duty soldiers in the United States Army. Predictor variables included childhood sexual abuse, physical-emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect. Three types of unwanted sexual experiences in the workplace were examined as outcome variables: gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, and coercion. Both sexual and physical-emotional abuse during childhood were found to be predictors of unwanted sexual experiences and of acknowledged sexual harassment in the workplace. Among female soldiers, the most severe type of unwanted experience—coercion—was predicted only by childhood physical-emotional abuse. Among male soldiers childhood sexual abuse was the strongest predictor of coercion. A greater variety of types of childhood maltreatment predicted sexual harassment outcomes for male soldiers. Childhood maltreatment and adult sexual harassment were predictors of psychological well-being for soldiers of both genders.
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Mullen, Paul E., Judy L. Martin, Jessie C. Anderson, Sarah E. Romans i G. Peter Herbison. "Childhood Sexual Abuse and Mental Health in Adult Life". British Journal of Psychiatry 163, nr 6 (grudzień 1993): 721–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.163.6.721.
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The relationship between childhood sexual abuse and mental health in adult life was investigated in a random community sample of women. There was a positive correlation between reporting abuse and greater levels of psychopathology on a range of measures. Substance abuse and suicidal behaviour were also more commonly reported by the abused group. Childhood sexual abuse was more frequent in women from disrupted homes as well as in those who had been exposed to inadequate parenting or physical abuse. While elements in the individual's childhood which increased the risks of sexual abuse were also directly associated to higher rates of adult psychopathology, abuse emerged from logistic regression as a direct contributor to adult psychopathology. Severity of abuse reported was related to the degree of adult psychopathology. The overlap between the possible effects of sexual abuse and the effects of the matrix of disadvantage from which it so often emerges were, however, so considerable as to raise doubts about how often, in practice, it operates as an independent causal element. Further, many of those reporting childhood sexual abuse did not show a measurable long-term impairment of their mental health. Abuse correlated with an increased risk for a range of mental health problems, but in most cases its effects could only be understood in relationship to the context from which it emerged.
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Baglivio, Michael T., Kevin T. Wolff, Nathan Epps i Randy Nelson. "Predicting Adverse Childhood Experiences". Crime & Delinquency 63, nr 2 (9.07.2016): 166–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128715570628.
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Few studies have examined multilevel effects of neighborhood context on childhood maltreatment. Less work has analyzed these effects with juvenile offenders, and no prior work has examined context effects of childhood maltreatment through the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) framework. ACEs include 10 indictors: emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, domestic violence toward the youth’s mother, household substance abuse, household mental illness, parental separation/divorce, and household member with a history of jail/imprisonment. Effects of concentrated disadvantage and affluence on ACE scores are examined in a statewide sample of more than 59,000 juvenile offenders, controlling for salient individual (including family and parenting) measures and demographics. Both disadvantage and affluence affect ACE exposure. Implications for research and policy are discussed.
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Nash, Michael R., i Steven J. Lynn. "Child Abuse and Hypnotic Ability". Imagination, Cognition and Personality 5, nr 3 (marzec 1986): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/au6m-3phf-u0jh-pnch.
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Earlier empirical and theoretical work has suggested that there is a relationship between higher hypnotic susceptibility and severity of childhood punishment. The present study examines the hypnotizability of young adults who were physically abused as children. The hypnotizability scores of three groups were compared: an abused group whose members were physically abused before the age of ten ( n = 23); a family-disruption group whose members reported divorce or death in the family before age ten, but no physical abuse ( n = 27); a baseline/control group whose members reported neither abuse nor family disruption ( n = 346). The abused group was significantly more hypnotizable than either the family-disruption or baseline/control group. The effect was substantial, with 65 percent of abused subjects in the high hypnotizable classification (compared to 14.8% and 35.3% for the family disruption and baseline/control groups respectively). Two explanations of this relationship are offered, and suggestions are made for future investigations.
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Sansone, Randy A., Hassan Dakroub, Michele Pole i Melissa Butler. "Childhood Trauma and Employment Disability". International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 35, nr 4 (grudzień 2005): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/3xur-1pwj-0dt3-bjfj.
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Introduction: While the relationship between childhood trauma and employment disability has undergone very limited study, existing data suggest a possible correlation. Method: In this study of 91 outpatients in an internal medicine setting, we surveyed participants and inquired about their childhood histories of sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, of physical neglect, and of witnessing violence. We also asked whether participants had ever been on employment disability, either psychiatric or non-psychiatric, and the length of that disability. Results: Being or having been on disability was significantly related to childhood histories of emotional abuse, physical neglect, and witnessing violence. Being or having been on psychiatric disability was significantly related to childhood emotional abuse and physical neglect while being on non-psychiatric medical disability was significantly related to witnessing violence. The percent of one's lifetime on disability was significantly related to physical and emotional abuse as well as witnessing violence. Conclusions: Maltreatment in childhood appears to have a relationship to employment disability in adulthood. The authors discuss the implications of these findings.
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Currie, Cheryl L., Erin K. Higa i Lisa-Marie Swanepoel. "Socioeconomic Status Moderates the Impact of Emotional but not Physical Childhood Abuse on Women’s Sleep". Adversity and Resilience Science 2, nr 3 (18.03.2021): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42844-021-00035-9.
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AbstractA recent systematic review highlighted associations between childhood abuse and adult sleep quality, and the need for research focused specifically on women and the role of moderating variables. The objectives of the present study were (1) to assess the impact of frequent physical and emotional child abuse on adult sleep among women; and (2) to assess the role that childhood socioeconomic status (SES) could play in moderating these associations. In-person data were collected from women living in a mid-sized city in western Canada in 2019–2020 (N = 185; M age = 40 years). Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Physical and emotional abuse experienced often or very often in childhood were assessed using single items (yes or no). Childhood SES was assessed by a single item and dichotomized at the sample median. Linear regression models examined associations between each form of abuse and continuous adult sleep quality score adjusted for covariates. Statistically significant interactions were stratified and examined by child SES group. Frequent physical and emotional childhood abuse were each associated with clinically and statistically significant increases in past-month sleep problem scores among women in adjusted models. This association was moderated by childhood SES for emotional child abuse, but not physical child abuse. Findings suggest that growing up in an upper-middle to upper SES household may buffer the adverse impact of frequent emotional child abuse on later adult sleep, but may not promote resilience in the context of frequent physical child abuse.