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Papafratzeskakou, Eirini. "Childhood Emotional Abuse, Effects, and Protective Factors: Comparison of Protective Factors between Emotional and Physical Abuse". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37804.
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Although emotional maltreatment is clearly a very important issue that impedes youthsâ development, it has only recently begun to receive the attention it deserves. The present study hypothesized that for adolescents with high self-worth, high religiosity, high parent and peer support, high family cohesion, and low family conflict the negative effects of emotional abuse on internalizing symptomatology would attenuate. Additionally, the same protective factors were hypothesized to moderate the relationship between emotional and physical abuse and adolescent internalizing symptomatology. Two samples were used in order to test the aforementioned hypotheses: 1) a whole sample that consisted of adolescents with no or any emotional and physical abuse (N = 220) and 2) a no physical abuse sample that consisted of adolescents with no or any emotional abuse (N = 118). In order to assess the study variables the following measures were used: Conflict Tactics Scale-PC, Self-Perception Profile, Youth Religiosity Scale, Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, Family Environment Scale, and Youth Self Report. None of the studyâ s hypotheses were supported by the current data. It is assumed that this might be due to the sampleâ s nature and it is suggested that future studies utilize a sample with different age groups and with higher reports (means) of emotional and physical abuse. However, the findings suggested that emotional abuse had a stronger effect on internalizing symptomatology than physical abuse, and the significant main effects of self-worth, parent support, peer support, and family cohesion indicated the importance of their presence in adolescentsâ psychological adjustment.Ph. D.
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Isaacs, Deborah. "Childhood Abuse and Neglect, Global Emotional Functioning, and Emotional Regulation in a Comunity Sample of Adults". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2732.
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Emotional impairment can lead to emotional disorders or dysfunction. Childhood abuse or neglect can be used to predict disorders and dysfunction. Missing from the literature was research exploring a direct relationship between a history of abuse or neglect and future emotional impairment. This quasi-experimental study served to examine whether histories of childhood abuse or neglect can be used to predict future emotional impairment using the Mayer and Salovey model of emotional functioning. A community sample of 138 adults from rural Wyoming completed retrospective reports of childhood trauma and current measures of emotional functioning, and 42% of the sample reported a history of childhood emotional abuse. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated childhood emotional abuse was not a valid predictor of impaired emotional functioning, while the covariates of physical neglect and sexual abuse were significant predictors. A history of childhood physical neglect could be used to predict lower measures in emotional understanding and global emotional functioning, while sexual abuse in males could be used to predict lower measures in emotional regulation and global emotional functioning. The new knowledge that childhood abuse or neglect can impair emotional functioning during adulthood provides a pathway for researchers to further explore the detrimental impact of childhood abuse and neglect on emotional functioning during the developmental years. In addition, for those individuals with a history of childhood abuse or neglect, positive social change may stem from gains in emotional understanding, emotional regulation, and global emotional functioning through improved interventions, preventative methods, and efficacious treatments.
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Nicholson, Cynthia Suzanne. "Childhood maltreatment, adult attachment, and emotional adjustment". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/449.
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Plowman, Chris. "Is there a causal link between childhood emotional abuse and adult dissociation". Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289258.
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Mills, Pamela Ann. "Childhood emotional maltreatment and disordered eating in a general adolescent population : does emotion regulation play a mediating role?" Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6313.
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Objectives: To determine if emotion regulation mediates the link between emotional maltreatment and disordered eating behaviour in a community sample of adolescents. Design and method: Participants were 222 secondary school pupils (aged 14-18 years) from a state high school in a rural area in Scotland. Standardised questionnaire measures were used to gather data on history of emotional abuse and neglect using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), emotion regulation strategies using the Regulation of Emotions Questionnaire (REQ) and subclinical disordered eating behaviour using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ). Pearson correlation and multiple mediation analyses were conducted to determine significant relationships and to identify whether dysfunctional emotion regulation was a mediator of the relationship between emotional maltreatment and disordered eating behaviour. Results: Multiple mediation analyses found both emotional abuse and emotional neglect to have a significant direct relationship with EAT-26 total score and DEBQ restraint scores - mediated by internal dysfunctional emotion regulation (with external dysfunctional emotion regulation also being a significant mediator in the analysis with emotional neglect and EAT-26 total). The direct relationship between emotional abuse/neglect and DEBQ emotional eating scores was non-significant, although a specific indirect effect through internal dysfunctional emotion regulation was observed. Conclusions: To the best of the author‟s knowledge, this is the first study which has looked at history of emotional maltreatment and disordered eating behaviour focussing on the influence of emotion regulation in particular. Results were indicative of significant indirect effects between emotional abuse and neglect and all measures of disordered eating through internal dysfunctional emotion regulation. Findings suggest the role of emotion regulation warrants further study in the research on childhood maltreatment and disordered eating behaviour.
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Hughes, Mary. "Exploration of the relationship between maternal childhood emotional abuse/neglect and parenting outcomes : a systematic review and empirical analysis". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16449.
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This study investigated the relationship between maternal childhood experience of emotional abuse (CEA) and/or emotional neglect (CEN) and subsequent second-generation parenting outcomes. A systematic review of the literature was carried out, with twelve studies included for review. Evidence was found of a relationship between maternal experience of CEA/CEN and a negative impact on the subsequent parent-child relationship and parenting behaviours; including greater dysfunctional parent-child interactions, lower empathy, greater psychological control, greater child maltreatment potential and punitiveness. Evidence in relation to the impact on parenting competence was less robust. For practitioners, these findings highlight the importance of considering maternal childhood experiences when working with parents and when attempting to make sense of children's difficulties. Methodological weaknesses were highlighted and recommendations for future research made. Secondly, a cross-sectional study was carried out which explored whether early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) mediated the relationship between maternal CEA/CEN and attributions of perceived control over failure (PCF) in child care-giving interactions. Mothers (N=111) completed five self-report questionnaires in relation to the above. Multiple mediation analyses using bias corrected bootstrapping were carried out. In line with expectations, significant relationships were found between both CEA and CEN and EMSs. CEN also demonstrated both a direct and indirect effect on PCF score, via the EMSs Social Isolation/Alienation. However, the indirect effect was in the opposite direction to that predicted. No other indirect effects were found. CEA demonstrated neither a direct effect on PCF, nor an indirect effect via any of the EMSs. Results are discussed in the context of current research.
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Shashoua, Marguerite Y. "Early maladaptive schemas associated with non-suicidal self-injury and childhood emotional abuse". Thesis, Fordham University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10186345.
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Although the association between child maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been demonstrated in the literature, additional examination is needed to investigate cognitive processes that contribute to the development of NSSI. Four early maladaptive schemas (Emotional Deprivation, Mistrust/Abuse, Social Isolation/Alienation, and Insufficient Self-Control) have been found to be related to NSSI history (Castille et al., 2007) and have also been investigated as cognitive processes associated with the development of NSSI. The aim of the current study was to test if Emotional Deprivation, Mistrust/Abuse, Social Isolation/Alienation, and Insufficient Self-Control early maladaptive schemas (EMS) statistically predict NSSI in the context of childhood emotional abuse (CEA) and also to test whether the each of the four relevant EMS mediated the association between CEA and NSSI in a community adult sample. Participants were 516 U.S. adults recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk, aged 18 and 74. Emotional Deprivation, Mistrust/Abuse, Social Isolation/Alienation, and Insufficient Self-Control EMS and CEA severity differed significantly by NSSI history status. Although Emotional Deprivation, Mistrust/Abuse EMS did not statically predict NSSI frequency, Social Isolation/Alienation and Insufficient Self-Control EMS were found to be associated with NSSI history and frequency. As CEA was not associated with NSSI frequency, models investigating Emotional Deprivation, Mistrust/Abuse, Social Isolation/Alienation, and Insufficient Self-Control EMS as mediators of the association between CEA and NSSI frequency were not testable. However, CEA was found to statistically predict NSSI history, and Social Isolation/Alienation and Insufficient Self-Control EMS were identified as mediators of this relationship, although Emotional Deprivation and Mistrust/Abuse EMS were not. These findings can guide treatment providers by identifying relevant EMS, and informing how the related cognitive distortions may be organized, and how cognitive restructuring can be used to target the EMS and related cognitions to decrease triggers and maintenance of NSSI behaviors, especially in the context of CEA.
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Pinkoski, Leanne Kim. "Predicting emotional reactions of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse, testing an attributional model". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/MQ34403.pdf.
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Obure, Renice, Malendie Gaines, Megan A. Quinn i Jill D. Stinson. "Prevalence and Severity of Childhood Emotional and Physical Abuse Among College-Age Adults: A Descriptive Study". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7964.
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Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) including experiences of neglect and abuse have been shown to negatively impact the victims’ health outcomes. While the ACE score methodology has been widely accepted as the method for measuring childhood trauma, the severity of the abuse has not been accounted for through research. The aim of this research was to assess the duration and frequency of childhood emotional and physical abuse in addition to prevalence among college aged adults, to bridge this gap in the literature. A modified ACE and health behavior questionnaire was administered online at one university beginning July through December of 2014. A sample of 965 participants aged ≥ 18 were included in this study. Two ACE questions, “did a parent or other adult in the household often or very often swear at you, insult you, put you down, or humiliate you? Or, act in any way that made you afraid that you might be physically hurt?” and “did a parent or other adult in the household often or very often push, grab, slap, or throw something at you? Or ever hit you so hard that you had marks or were injured?” were asked to measure the prevalence of emotional and physical abuse, respectively. Descriptive statistics were completed in SAS for age, race, gender, emotional abuse and physical abuse. Frequencies, proportions and corresponding p-values were reported. The sample distribution included: female (69%), age average 20 years (M = 20.21, SD = 4.07), and white (84.9%). In total 29.01% of the sample reported exposure to childhood emotional or physical abuse and 37.5% reported both experiences. Females reported a higher proportion of emotional abuse and less proportion of physical abuse (27.59% and 12.29%) compared to males (24.50% and 15.44%). However, gender differences were not significant, X2 = 1.01, p>0.05 and X2 = 1.77, p>0.05. Of those reporting abuse, about two thirds of emotional abuse and one third of physical abuse occurred frequently defined as occurring either ‘daily’, ‘at least once a week’ or ‘at least once a month’. Modal frequency was ‘at least once a week’ for both female (30.74%) and male (20.31%). More than half of the abusive experiences (60.3% emotional and 53.9% physical) happened for more than two years. Experiences of childhood emotional and physical abuse are common among this sample of college age adults and the occurrence of one type of abuse is most often accompanied by the occurrence of another. This result is consistent with national research that has been done on adult populations. In cases where abuse occurred for this sample, the experiences were frequent and for an extended period of time. An understanding of the prevalence of childhood physical and emotional abuse among college aged adults and the discussion of its implications should be included in college health and counseling programs. Knowledge of the frequency and duration of abuse is critical in identifying the high risk population and developing personalized and targeted programs addressing their specific needs.
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Spector, Amanda. "The effects of childhood emotional abuse and maladaptive family functioning on later sexual victimization as influenced by". Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1111681946.
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Avgoustis, Effie. "The importance of childhood emotional neglect to adolescent dating violence : is insecure attachment style a risk factor? /". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ56162.pdf.
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Probst, Danielle R. "Exploring Multi-Type Maltreatment in Childhood: A Focus on the Impact on Victimization and Functioning in College Women". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1304567594.
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Hulthén, Emma, i Anna Norstedt. "Den osynliga misshandeln : psykisk misshandel av barn och möjliga konsekvenser för vuxenlivet". Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för omvårdnad - grundnivå, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-13509.
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Background: Childhood emotional abuse can lead to mental illness. Research about emotional abuse is limited and therefore complicates the work of the nurse, since understanding of what emotional abuse means is of importance. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe what consequences people may suffer later on in life if they were exposed to emotional abuse or emotional neglect as a child. Method: A literature overview was performed by collecting and analysing eight quantitative studies, two qualitative studies and one study with mixed-method. The analysis was performed according to Friberg's three-step-model. Results: Childhood emotional abuse showed to affect the victims mental health later on in life. There were many different mental illnesses associated with persons that had experienced emotional abuse in their childhood. Personality disorders, depression and eating disorder was found to have a significant connection of mental health outcomes based of childhood emotional abuse. There were also a significant connection with social inhibiting states such as anxiety, post traumatic stress syndrom (PTSD), low self-esteem and low self-image. Conclusion: More information about how to detect and prevent emotional abuse of children is needed. Nurses also need more knowledge about how to handle the care of adult patients struggling with mental illness due to childhood trauma.Barn som utsätts för psykisk misshandel (PM) eller psykisk försummelse (PF) är ofta svåra att uppmärksamma. Att de flesta som utsätts lever i tysthet kan vara en förklaring till att forskning kring ämnet är begränsad. PM har visats vara den mest förekommande formen av misshandel mot barn. Det har även framkommit att PM är den misshandelsform som lämnar störst avtryck på barnet. Vårdpersonal är skyldig att anmäla om ett barn misstänks vara utsatt för PM. Dock är detta en problematisk uppgift när befintlig kunskap kring ämnet är otillräcklig. Ofta bär barnet med sig sitt trauma upp i vuxna år som leder till psykiska besvär och kan påverka deras liv negativt. PM har även en tendens att gå i arv och kan begränsa ett utsatt barns kapacitet i en framtida föräldraroll. Denna studie avser att öka kunskap kring PM av barn genom att påvisa vilka konsekvenser det kan leda till. Kunskap om detta kan medföra att omvårdanden för utsatta barn förbättras och livslånga konsekvenser kan förhindras. Alternativt kunna ge bättre omvårdnad till vuxna patienter som blivit utsatta i sin barndom, genom att vår studie kan öka förståelsen för andra människors lidande. Resultatet i föreliggande studie visar på en mängd allvarliga konsekvenser för den utsattas psykiska hälsa. Det övergripande ämnet i studien är därför psykisk ohälsa med huvudteman som är tänkt att kategorisera hälsotillstånden ytterligare i form av psykisk sjukdom, socialt hämmande tillstånd samt negativ självuppfattning.
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Carr, Steven, i steven carr@rmit edu au. "Retrospective Reporting of Childhood Experiences and Borderline Personality Disorder Features in a Non-Clinical Sample: A Cognitive-Behavioural Perspective". RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080205.101748.
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The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) symptoms and childhood experiences, and to explore the role of Early Maladaptive Schemas and core beliefs as variables possibly mediating this relationship. Previous research with clinical samples has established a strong link between childhood maltreatment and adult BPD (& other PD) symptoms in clinical samples. However, difficulties with these studies limit the specificity of results. For example, BPD has been shown to be highly comorbid with other axis I and axis II psychiatric conditions. Given that studies examining the relationship between BPD and childhood maltreatment generally fail to control for these comorbid conditions, the specificity of their results must be questioned. Furthermore, it has been well established that childhood familial environment is strongly related to childhood maltreatment. Again studies examining the relationship between BPD and childhood maltreatment have generally failed to concurrently assess childhood familial environments, hence opening the possibility that the relationship between BPD and childhood maltreatment may be due to family functioning rather than childhood maltreatment per se. Finally, studies linking childhood maltreatment with adult BPD have primarily utilized clinical samples. However, the primary use of clinical samples to examine the aetiology of disorders in this context ignores the vast literature showing adequate psychological functio ning for the majority of individuals exposed to childhood maltreatment. Hence, the primary aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment and adult BPD symptoms in a primarily non-clinical sample whilst statistically controlling for commonly comorbid axis I and axis II symptomatology and concurrently measuring childhood familial functioning. It was a secondary aim of the current study to examine the mediating effects of beliefs on the relationship between childhood factors (i.e., childhood maltreatment & childhood familial functioning) and adult BPD symptomatology. That is, cognitive-behavioural theorists argue that personality disorders may be triggered by adverse childhood experiences leading to maladaptive beliefs (or schemas) related to the self, others, and the world, and it is these beliefs which lead to the behavioural disturbances evident in personality disorders. One hundred and eighty-five primarily non-clinical participants completed questionnaires measuring a variety of axis I and axis II symptoms, early maladaptive schemas and core beliefs, as well as retrospective reports of family functioning and childhood maltreatment. Results showed a significant relationship between childhood factors and adult BPD symptomatology. For example, the largest correlation between BPD symptoms and a childhood factor was .27 (for childhood emotional abuse). Furthermore, early maladaptive schemas and core beliefs were found to mediate the relationship between childhood factors and adult BPD symptomatology thus supporting cognitive-behavioural theories of personality disorders. However, early maladaptive schemas and core beliefs were also found to mediate the relationship between childhood factors and other Axis I and Axis II symptoms. Hence, it was concluded that while there was some support for a cognitive mediation hypothesis for BPD symptoms, future research is needed in exploring the specificity of the cognitive mediation hypothesis for BPD.
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Cuellar, Raven Elizabeth. "Relationships of Multi-Type Childhood Abuse and Parental Bonding to Borderline Personality Traits in College Women". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1375271697.
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Lewis, James E. "Childhood Abuse, Religiosity, and Opioid Use: Findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Data". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3678.
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Religiosity is adopting a belief system surrounding concepts of purpose, meaning, and value through an institution that has already defined these concepts prior to the individual member attending and that member’s degree of participation. Religiosity does have protective factors against negative health outcomes. This protective influence was evaluated in this study. Data from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions were examined to learn about the relationship between protective effects of religious participation on substance abuse, and whether this association weakened for individuals who have experienced higher levels of childhood abuse. A binary logistic regression was completed to examine this relationship. Religiosity does decrease the likelihood of experiencing an opioid use disorder for lower levels of childhood maltreatment, but only slightly. In extreme cases of sexual, emotional, and physical abuse, religiosity does not decrease the likelihood of experiencing an opioid use disorder.
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Tucknott, Maria. "An investigation into the impact of childhood abuse and care-giver invalidation on psychological inflexibility in clinical and subclinical eating disorders". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14569.
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As a whole, eating disorders have been characterised as having the following key features: a persistent over concern with body size and shape; and weight control behaviours such as fasting, exercise, and self-induced vomiting. However, there tends to be a blurred line between those that do and do not meet diagnostic thresholds as the level of psychological distress is comparably similar. This study examined whether psychological inflexibility (from an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy perspective) was associated with eating disorders and whether it mediated the relationship between childhood abuse and invalidation and eating disorders. This was considered to be important because high rates of abuse have consistently been found in this population, yet not everyone goes on to develop an eating disorder. In addition, the role of emotional abuse has been largely neglected. A clinical sample of 190 participants with a clinical or subclinical eating disorder were recruited from eating disorder charities and support forums; they completed a range of questionnaires measuring experiences of abuse and maternal/paternal emotional invalidation in childhood, current levels of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance and current levels of eating pathology. The sample was split into three groups based on their Eating Disorder Risk Composite scores: elevated, typical and low clinical range. It was found that those in the elevated clinical range (most severe eating pathology) had the poorest emotional processing and significantly higher levels of psychological inflexibility, thought-shape-fusion, depression and anxiety than those in the low clinical range (least severe eating pathology). In terms of predicting current levels of eating pathology, three variables emerged as significant predictors: emotional processing, thought-shape fusion and depression. In terms of predicting current levels of psychological inflexibility, five variables emerged as significant predictors: childhood emotional abuse, emotional processing, thought-shape-fusion, depression and anxiety. The results add novel findings to the literature regarding the role of early experiences on the development of psychological inflexibility, and the role of psychological inflexibility in the maintenance of eating pathology and psychological distress. Clinical implications of these findings in relation to assessment, formulation, intervention and prevention are discussed.
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Fabelo, Alcover Humberto Eduardo. "The development of a multidimensional scale to assess the degree of adulthood behavioral and emotional impairment associated with the consequences of childhood sexual abuse". FIU Digital Commons, 1995. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3403.
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This dissertation examines a conceptual model of the relationship between four identified dimensions of childhood sexual abuse and the reported consequences attributed to these dimensions. The dimensions are betrayal, powerlessness, stigmatization and sexual traumatization. In this conceptual model, developed by Browne and Finkelhor (1985), the emotional, psychological, behavioral and physical negative consequences associated with sexual abuse can be understood as a function of the dimension under which they are grouped conceptually. To examine this conceptual model, an assessment scale was developed based on these dimensions.
A nonprobability sample of college students was used to test the model and develop the scale. A total of 400 students were surveyed, from which 287 completed surveys were obtained. The sample contained a total of 137 survivors of sexual abuse. Factor analysis was used to test the model and develop the dimensions that would form the subscales of the assessment scale. In addition, t-tests were utilized to see if the developed scale demonstrated significant differences on the scores between abused and non-abused subjects, as well as between male and female abused subjects. Discriminant analysis was used to test the scale's ability to discriminate between those subjects who reported a history of sexual abuse and those that did not.
The results indicate support for the conceptualization proposed by Finkelhor and Browne (1985). The results of the t-test show that there are statistically significant differences between the abused and non-abused subjects, but not among the male and female abused subjects. The results also suggest that the final version of the scale is able to discriminate between those subjects reporting a history of sexual abuse and those who did not in 63 percent of the cases.
The results of this study demonstrate empirical support for a theoretical model that seeks to explain the relationship between sexual abuse and its consequences. It also resulted in the development of a multidimensional scale that assesses the degree of impairment associated with these consequences. Social work practitioners can utilize this scale to help guide their assessment and to determine areas for clinical intervention when working with adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse.
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Venia, Kelly C. "Finding Release Through Reading: A Content Analysis of Bibliotherapeutic Literature Appropriate for Verbally Abused, Early Readers". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1363636879.
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Spiess, Amy Marzella. "Women with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FM): Relationship of abuse and trauma, anxiety, and coping skills on FM impact on life". The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1054053482.
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Palmer, Deborah. "Emotionally focused therapy with couples impacted by childhood sexual abuse". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62816.pdf.
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MacIntosh, Heather B. "Emotionally focused therapy for couples and childhood sexual abuse survivors". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29231.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the use of Emotionally Focused Therapy for Couples (EFT) with childhood sexual abuse survivors (CSA) and their partners. Ten couples participated in this exploratory study. In assessing outcomes the concept of the reliable change index was utilized to determine whether the treatment did have an impact on couples over the course of the therapy. Qualitative coding strategies were utilized to relate the process of change in couples to the identified outcomes. A case study replication methodology was utilized to examine the use of EFT with these couples thematically. Half of the couples in this study reported clinically significant increases in mean relationship satisfaction over the course of the therapy. Similarly, half of the CSA survivors reported clinically significant decreases in trauma symptoms on a self-report measure and a statistically significant decrease in trauma symptoms was identified on a standardized interview measure of trauma symptoms in the group of survivors. Very little change was identified over the course of therapy on a self-report measure of attachment. Thematic analyses identified numerous areas where trauma survivors were challenged in fully engaging in the therapy process. In particular, trauma symptoms such as affect dysregulation and hypervigilance, shame, anger, emotional numbing and dissociation were identified to play a role in the challenges that survivors experienced in fully engaging in the EFT therapy process. The EFT model and therapist behaviours were also analyzed observationally and results of these thematic analyses yielded clinical recommendations for working with CSA survivors and their partners in EFT for traumatized couples. Recommendations for future study were articulated.
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Mckay, Eimear. "Exploration of explicit and implicit emotion in adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14166.
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Background: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has the potential to compromise the socioemotional development of the victim resulting in an increased vulnerability to difficulties regulating emotions and one’s sense of self. Emotion is thought to play a key part in a number of psychological disorders which CSA survivors are at increased risk of developing. A better understanding of the basic emotions experienced in this population and emotion regulation will inform current treatment. Aims: This research aimed to develop a better understanding of the emotions experienced by survivors of CSA and the relationship between “implicit” and explicit emotions and psychopathology. Method: Two empirical studies were conducted. Study 1 employed a cross-sectional consecutive case series design involving 109 survivors of CSA. Participants completed a set of measures relating to basic emotions, emotion regulation and symptoms. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted on the Basic Emotions scale (BES). Regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between emotions experienced, emotion regulation strategies and psychological symptoms. Study 2 examined basic emotions, “implicit disgust self-concept” and psychopathology in a population of CSA survivors (n=26) and a group of individuals currently receiving psychological therapy who reported that they had not experienced childhood trauma (n=25). Participants completed self-report measures pertaining to emotion, emotion regulation, symptoms and cognitive fusion. Participants also completed an implicit association test. Results: Exploratory factor analyses supported the structure of three versions of the BESWeekly, General, and Coping in a sample of survivors of childhood sexual abuse. In all three versions of the scale, disgust explained the largest proportion of variance. The basic emotions of sadness, fear and disgust as well as external dysfunctional coping strategies appear to predict PTSD symptomatology in this sample. The results of Study 2 also support the finding that self-reported disgust is prominent in the emotion profile of CSA survivors. Implicit disgust self-concept was not significantly correlated with other emotions or psychopathology. However, implicit disgust self-concept was found to be significantly associated with cognitive fusion. Discussion: Psychotherapeutic approaches for survivors of childhood sexual abuse should address the emotional experience of this population. In particular, these findings suggest that sadness and disgust should be targeted in therapy.
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Tawasha, Kalil Antonio Salotti. "Estudo da prevalência de maus tratos na infância em mulheres com dor pélvica crônica". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17145/tde-27052015-170749/.
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Introdução: A dor pélvica crônica é uma condição clínica de elevada prevalência, cuja compreensão da fisiopatologia envolvida, ainda é parcial. A IASP (International Association for Study of Pain) define DPC como: dor crônica ou persistente percebida em estruturas relacionadas à pelve (sistema digestório, urinário, genital, miofascial ou neurológico), frequentemente associada com consequências emocionais, sexuais, comportamentais e cognitivas negativas, assim como com sintomas sugestivos de disfunções daqueles sistemas. Incluem-se tanto dor cíclica, como dismenorreia, quanto acíclica. Do ponto de vista temporal, considera-se crônica, via de regra, quando a duração é igual ou superior a seis meses (http://www.iasp-pain.org/files/Content/ContentFolders/Publications2/ClassificationofChronicPain/Part_II-F.pdf; acessado em 13 de novembro de 2014). Está associada a diversas comorbidades e impacto conjugal, social e econômico desfavorável. Embora sugestivo, não temos dados objetivos de países em desenvolvimento sobre a associação de maus tratos sofridos na infância com dor pélvica crônica e sua relação com sintomas de ansiedade e depressão. Objetivos: Investigar a prevalência de maus tratos na infância em mulheres com dor pélvica crônica e sua correlação com os transtornos do humor. Casuísticas e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo do tipo transversal, no qual foram incluídas 77 mulheres com DPC atendidas consecutivamente em um ambulatório especializado de dor pélvica crônica. Optamos também por avaliar um grupo de 77 mulheres saudáveis atendidas no ambulatório de ginecologia geral. Utilizamos o Questionário Sobre Traumas na Infância (QUESI) para avaliar a prevalência de maus tratos gerais e específicos, enquanto que os escores de risco para ansiedade e depressão foram obtidos pela Escala de Medida de Ansiedade e Depressão Hospitalar (HAD) e a intensidade de dor foi avaliada a partir da Escala Analógica Visual (EVA). A análise estatística dos dados se deu pelo teste DAgostino para averiguar se as variáveis contínuas apresentavam distribuição normal. Optamos por avaliarmos a diferença entre os grupos através do teste de Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney) e a análise de diferenças entre proporções utilizamos o teste Qui-Quadrado. Para atingir o objetivo foi proposto uma análise de correspondência múltipla Foi utilizado a plataforma multivariada para avaliar a correlação entre o QUESI e os escores de ansiedade e depressão com estimativa de robustez para não considerar eventuais outliers. Resultados: A prevalência de maus tratos na infância foram 77,9% e 64,9%, respectivamente para mulheres com e sem DPC (p = 0.05). Em relação a exposição a 3 e/ou 4 eventos múltiplos de maus tratos na infância, obtivemos as seguintes prevalências para as mulheres com e sem DPC, respectivamente: 23,4% e 15,6% (p= 0.05); 18,2% e 10,4% (p= 0.03). A prevalência de abuso sexual, abuso físico, abuso emocional, negligência física e negligência emocional, respectivamente para mulheres com DPC e saudáveis, foram: 29,9% e 20,8% (p= 0.19); 45,4% e 31,2% (p= 0.07); 48% e 35,1% (p= 0.10); 58,4% e 44,1% (p= 0.08) e 58,4% e 41,5% (p= 0.04). Somente o subtipo negligência emocional apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa. A prevalência de sintomas significativos de ansiedade e depressão nos grupos com dor e controle foram respectivamente: 55,8% (43/77) e 40,2% (31/77) (p= 0.05); 45,4% (35/77) e 23,4% (18/77) (p= <0.01). Quando correlacionamos os dados obtidos nos instrumentos QUESI e HAD no grupo de DPC e controle, observamos uma correlação positiva entre elas, porém não identificamos a mesma correlação nos subtipos abuso sexual (HAD-D) e negligência física (HAD-A) no grupo controle. A análise de correspondência múltipla mostra uma correspondência entre presença de dor pélvica crônica e raça (cor não branca) e escolaridade abaixo de 10 anos; e correspondência entre sintomas significativos de ansiedade e depressão com múltiplos maus tratos (mais que dois ou três) e, especificamente com negligência emocional, abuso emocional, abuso físico e abuso sexual. Conclusões: Mulheres com DPC apresentam índices de negligência emocional maiores que o grupo de mulheres saudáveis e maiores indices de risco de transtornos de humor específicos quando correlacionados ambos instrumentos. Pacientes com DPC apresetaram sintomas de depressão e ausência de atividade laboral remunerada que se associam de modo independente, sendo fatores de riscos que podem levar, à longo prazo, o desenvolvimento de DPC na população feminina.Background: Chronic pelvic pain is a clinical condition of high prevalence, whose understanding of the pathophysiology involved, is still partial. IASP (International Association for the Study of Pain) define CPP as chronic or persistent pain perceived in the pelvis related structures (digestive system, urinary, genital, myofascial or neurological), often associated with emotional, sexual, behavioral and cognitive negative consequences, as well as with symptoms suggestive of dysfunction of those systems. Include both cyclic pain, such as dysmenorrhoea, the acyclic. The time point of view, it is considered chronic, as a rule, when the duration is less than six months (http://www.iasp-pain.org/files/Content/ContentFolders/Publications2/ClassificationofChronicPain/Part_II-F.pdf; accessed on November 13, 2014). Is associated with several comorbidities and marital impact, social and economic unfavorable. Although suggestive, we have no objective data from developing countries on the involvement of abuse suffered in childhood with chronic pelvic pain and its association with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of child maltreatment in women with chronic pelvic pain and its correlation with mood disorders. Patients and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study, in which were included 77 women with CPP seen consecutively in an outpatient clinic for chronic pelvic pain. We chose also evaluate a group of 77 healthy women attended the general gynecology outpatient clinic. We use the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (QUESI) to assess the prevalence of poor general and specific treatment, while the risk scores for anxiety and depression were obtained by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale (HAD) and pain intensity was evaluated from the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Statistical analysis of data was by D\'Agostino test to see if continuous variables normally distributed. We chose to evaluate the difference between the groups using the Wilcoxon test (Mann-Whitney) test and the analysis of differences between proportions used the chi-square test. To achieve the goal has been proposed a multiple correspondence analysis. We used multivariate platform to evaluate the correlation between the QUESI and the scores of anxiety and depression with robustness estimated not to consider any outliers. Results: The prevalence of childhood maltreatment were 77.9% and 64.9% respectively for women with and without CPP (p = 0.05). Regarding exposure to 3 and / or 4 multiple events of childhood maltreatment, we obtained the following rates for women with and without CPP, respectively: 23.4% and 15.6% (p = 0.05); 18.2% and 10.4% (P = 0.03). The prevalence of sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect and emotional neglect, respectively for women with CPP and healthy, were 29.9% and 20.8% (p = 0.19); 45.4% and 31.2% (p = 0.07); 48% and 35.1% (p = 0.10); 58.4% and 44.1% (p = 0.08) and 58.4% and 41.5% (P = 0.04). Only the emotional neglect subtype showed a statistically significant difference. The prevalence of significant symptoms of anxiety and depression in groups with pain control and were, respectively, 55.8% (43/77) and 40.2% (31/77) (p = 0:05); 45.4% (35/77) and 23.4% (18/77) (p = <0.01). When we correlate the data from the instruments QUESI and HAD in CPS and control groups, we observed a positive correlation between them, but did not identify the same correlation in subtypes sexual abuse (HAD-D) and physical neglect (HAD-A) in the control group. Multiple correspondence analysis shows a correlation between the presence of chronic pelvic pain and race (non-white) and schooling below 10 years; and correspondence between significant symptoms of anxiety and depression with multiple abuse (more than two or three) and specifically with emotional neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse and sexual abuse. Conclusions: Women with CPP have higher emotional neglect rates that the group of healthy women and higher indices of risk specific mood disorders when correlated both instruments. Patients with CPP show symptoms of depression and lack of paid work activity that are associated independently, and risk factors that can lead in the long run, the CPP development in the female population.
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Milligan, Rhonda-Jane. "The relationship of childhood abuse and negative emotions to impulsive behaviours in female prisoners". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399118.
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Henderson, Dawn. "Emotion and memory in women with and without a history of childhood sexual abuse". Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318566.
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Amin, Margi. "Mediating role of childhood abuse and emotion regulation between parental bonding and suicidal behaviour". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6307.
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Introduction: Experiences of negative parenting and childhood abuse can have adverse consequences for the child‟s development particularly in relation to the ability to regulate emotions effectively. There has been extensive research in this area and attachment theory is pivotal. Problems in regulating emotions can involve not being able to recognise, label or manage internal and external states of mind and behaviour. Therefore research has shown that problems in emotion regulation skills due to negative parental and/or abusive experiences can result in long-term psychosocial problems such as depression. Research has suggested that adults with adverse childhood experiences exhibit risky behaviours as a means of managing their emotions such as self-harming, dangerous sexual encounters and substance misuse. Although research has shown that there is an association between these factors no real understanding of the pathways and the potential mediating roles these factors play has been investigated with people presenting with suicidal behaviour, which could be argued as the ultimate form of managing emotions and therefore the internal and external self. Therefore this study aims to answer the following question: Does childhood abuse and dysfunctional emotion regulation mediate the relationship between parental bonding and suicidal behaviour. Method: This study involved sixty participants from a suicidal behaviour sample presenting at an Accident and Emergency department aged between 18 - 65. Measures assessing childhood abuse, emotion regulation, parental bonding, suicidal intent, risk of repeating suicidal behaviour, depression and anxiety were completed. Results: Childhood emotional abuse was found to significantly mediate the relationship between low parental care and risk of repeating suicidal behaviour. A lack of external functional emotion regulation strategies was also found to mediate the relationship between parental care and risk of repeating suicidal behaviour. Finally, a lack of internal functional emotion regulation strategies was found to mediate the relationship between childhood physical abuse and risk of repeating suicidal behaviour. Conclusion: Preliminary findings of this study suggest that childhood emotional abuse and dysfunctional emotion regulation play a crucial role in further understanding those who engage in and are at risk of repeating suicidal behaviour. Therefore, emotions and emotion regulation within a developmental framework are important when considering long-term adult psychosocial functioning.
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Matyja, Anna. "The impact of childhood physical and psychological abuse on emotion regulation and psychological distress /". Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1456295221&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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O'Connell, Emma. "Homelessness : the relationship between childhood trauma, emotion dysregulation, experiential avoidance and drug and alcohol abuse". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548324.
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Lemaigre, Charlotte. "Childhood trauma and its psychosocial sequelae : a thesis portfolio". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25689.
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Background: It is widely understood that survivors of childhood trauma (emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse and emotional, physical neglect) have poorer mental health outcomes than their non-abused counterparts; one of which is an increased risk of suicidality. The disclosure of childhood abuse is key to safeguarding against further victimization and promoting better psychosocial outcomes for survivors in the long-term. Aims: The aims of this thesis portfolio are twofold. Firstly, to review the published literature investigating the barriers and facilitators to disclosing sexual abuse as perceived by children and adolescents (Chapter 1). Secondly, to research the relationship between childhood trauma and suicidality in a cohort of socio-economically deprived men living in Scotland (Chapter 3). The bridging chapter (Chapter 2) discusses the main themes that connect chapters one and three, notably the possible negative impact of childhood trauma on adult psychosocial functioning. Method: An exploratory systematic review and meta-synthesis of the literature was carried out. Strict eligibility criteria were predefined and a comprehensive search strategy identified a total of thirteen studies for review. For the empirical study, a total of 86 adult men with past and/or present suicidality participated in a quantitative cohort study and completed measures on childhood trauma, emotion regulation, interpersonal difficulties and suicidal behaviour. Multiple mediation analysis was used to analyse the data and to answer the study’s research questions. Results: The exploratory review highlighted that existing research into child and adolescent disclosures of sexual abuse is still in its infancy and that robust, longitudinal studies with more sophisticated methodologies are required to replicate findings. The collective body of literature identified that limited support, perceived negative consequences and feelings of self-blame, shame and guilt serve as significant barriers to disclosure whilst being asked or prompted through the provision of developmentally appropriate information facilitates young people to tell. The empirical study found that emotion regulation and interpersonal difficulties mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and suicidality in a sample of adult men. Conclusion: Several important clinical implications were identified in both parts of the thesis portfolio. Firstly, the systematic review identified the need for family members, friends and frontline professionals to explicitly ask children about the possibility of sexual abuse. It was also considered imperative that recipients are supported in responding to disclosures in positive and supportive ways so as to reduce young peoples’ feelings of responsibility, self-blame, shame and guilt. The empirical study concluded that dysfunctional emotion regulation and interpersonal difficulties are implicated in the overall collateral and compounding psychosocial sequelae of childhood trauma. The provision of psychological interventions for men with past and/or present suicidality should support individuals to develop healthy social problem-solving and emotion regulation skills. Providing effective, trauma-informed interventions for these individuals will move their treatment beyond simple risk management and focus, instead, on instilling recovery and resilience.
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Teeters, Angelique R. "Effects of Childhood Maltreatment History on Maternal Sensitivity to Infant Facial Expressions of Emotion". Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1396716594.
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Haynes, Ellen E. "Childhood Abuse, Emotion Regulation, Alcohol, and Dating Violence Victimization as Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Predictors of Dating Violence Perpetration among College Women". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1492442859294324.
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Maitland, Hilary Anne. "Disclosing childhood sexual assault in close relationships the meanings and emotions women associate with their experiences and their lives now /". Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20070815.161907/index.html.
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Gabbard, Beverly K. "You Didn't Ask, But It Was Wednesday". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1524222470871216.
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Errera, Jeanine. "Childhood emotional abuse as a cause of adult dysfunction". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4323.
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M.A.This study originated from the researcher's interest in the affect of childhood emotional abuse on the adult. From practice experience there seemed to be a relationship between adult clients' current dysfunctional behavioural patterns and relationships and their experience of emotional abuse as a child. This research investigation aimed at detecting and exploring childhood experiences of emotional abuse in adult respondents. The various aspects of the adults' life that were affected by the experiences of childhood emotional abuse were explored and a theoretically discussion of this phenomenon was presented as an explanation for adult dysfunction. A qualitative research methodology was utilised to explore the diverse recollections of childhood experiences and their current functioning among the respondents. This choice of methodology was applied due to the exploratory aim of the study and its objectives: i.e. to capture the lived experiences of the respondents. The researcher utilized an entire adult caseload consulted during the period of March 2000 to July 2001, as respondents for the study. Data was collected by means of in-depth, face-to-face interviews conducted with respondents. An interview schedule was used for this purpose. A second data-collection method was used. This was done by the interpretation of visual representations obtained during interviews. Data analysis was done according to coding schedules that were generated by the utilization of a computer programme for the analysis of qualitative research data. From this process of data coding central categories and sub-categories were identified. These categories and subcategories were discussed as the themes and sub-themes from the study. These themes were presented as the results ofthe study.
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Hartzell, Erin E. "Child maltreatment, emotion regulation, and posttraumatic stress examining the contribution of childhood emotional abuse /". 2009. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/hartzell%5Ferin%5Fe%5F200905%5Fms.
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Ramasar, Anandra Devi. "The effects of childhood sexual abuse on adult females". Diss., 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15856.
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Text in EnglishThis study examined the effects of childhood sexual abuse on the emotional functioning of adult female survivors and the impact on their relationships with their spouse I partner and child I children. Literature reveals that sexual abuse has negative long-term effects on adult survivors, including psychological impairments. To study this phenomenon, a psycho-educational perspective was utilised. A clinical, judgmental sample of sixteen adult female survivors who attributed their current difficulties and problems to their childhood sexual experience was selected and an in-depth qualitative study was undertaken. The Emotions Profile Index Personality Test, a Questionnaire and an Interview were used to determine the present emotional functioning of the survivors and the impact on their relationships. The conclusions reached were that childhood sexual abuse had a detrimental effect on the emotional functioning of survivors and this impacted negatively on their relationships with their spouse I partner and child I children.
Psychology of Education
M. Ed. (Psychology of Education, with specialisation in Guidance and Counselling)
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Schwartz, Flint. "Prediction of emotional intelligence and theory of mind in adults who have experienced childhood maltreatment". 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/32051.
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Impairments in aspects of social cognition have been found in children who have experienced maltreatment; however, the long-term impact of childhood maltreatment on social cognition is less well understood. This study examined areas of social cognition that may be associated with poor psychological, social, and emotional outcomes in adults who have experienced intra-familial childhood maltreatment. In a sample of university students (N = 68), childhood maltreatment was associated with social cognitive impairment in two models of emotional intelligence (EI), trait EI and ability EI, and advanced theory of mind (ToM). Higher frequency and severity of specific subtypes of childhood maltreatment predicted lower trait EI, ability EI, and ToM. In particular, neglect predicted lower ToM and ability EI scores. Psychological abuse alone predicted lower trait EI while physical abuse was not a significant predictor for any of the social-cognitive variables. Further, the data showed maternal vs. paternal maltreatment predicted specific social cognitive outcomes. Understanding the relationship between social cognitive deficits and intra-familial maltreatment may guide clinical and community assessment and treatment approaches, as well as provide information on the pervasive and continuing impact of childhood maltreatment.February 2017
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Laxmi, Anu. "Understanding Cultural Context of Parenting to Define Child Abuse and Validate an Existing Measure on Child Physical and Emotional Abuse in South Indian Parents Living in Georgia". 2016. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/iph_theses/484.
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INTRODUCTION: Child maltreatment is a significant public health problem that affects all countries and cultures alike. Child maltreatment, which includes neglect, physical abuse, emotional abuse and sexual abuse, can result in negative consequences that are lifelong and irreversible. Previous studies have shown the prevalence of all forms of child abuse in India, which is also home to one fifth of the world’s children. However, adequate resources and efforts are not being made to understand the true scope of this problem.
AIM: The present study utilized an existing measure, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), to understand how parents from the South Indian culture defined acceptable child rearing practices and physical and emotional child abuse. The items from the physical and emotional abuse subscales on the CTQ were also tested for validity and reliability. It was hypothesized that fathers would report higher scores on the physical abuse subscale and mothers would report higher scores on the emotional abuse subscale. It was also hypothesized that parents would find spanking to be an acceptable form of discipline and note that both child physical and emotional abuse are not prevalent in the South Indian community residing in the United States.
METHODS: This study recruited 41 participants (21 mothers and 20 fathers) to complete the CTQ. Of the total number of participants, ten were randomly assigned to participate in an in-depth interview, which focused on how parents in the South Indian community in Georgia interpreted the items on the CTQ and how parents defined child physical and emotional abuse. Reliability and validity testing was conducted using data analysis software SPSS 23.0. Qualitative analysis of the interviews involved Consensual Qualitative Research, identifying common themes among all ten interviews.
RESULTS: Quantitative analysis revealed low to moderate internal consistency for the emotional abuse scale (α = 0.65) and moderate to high internal consistency for the physical abuse scale (α = 0.88). Independent t-test results showed that fathers reported higher scores on both the physical and emotional abuse subscale; however, these results were not significant. Using the Consensual Qualitative Research method, six domains were determined from the interviews. These included: (a) parent perspectives on child rearing practices, (b) spanking as a discipline practice, (c) country differences between India and the United States regarding discipline, (d) prevalence of abuse among the South Indian community in the United States, (e) reporting child abuse, and (f) parents’ awareness of resources to develop parenting skills. A majority of participants reported spanking as an acceptable form of discipline and believed that neither child physical nor emotional abuse was prevalent in the South Indian community in the United States.
CONCLUSION: This study serves as formative research and encourages further investigation of different forms of child abuse in Indian populations, specifically child physical and emotional abuse. Understanding how a culture views children and child rearing practices is important in determining how abuse is defined within said culture. Societies that are more lenient and accepting of violence in general are at a greater risk for perpetrating the maltreatment of children. Establishing a concise definition of child abuse will aid in the development of valid measures that will determine the actual scope of the problem and create solutions, such as laws and policies that will shift a society’s view on appropriate interactions with children.
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"Examining the Link Between Emotional Childhood Abuse and Social Relationships in Midlife: The Moderating Role of the Oxytocin Receptor Gene". Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.50545.
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abstract: The current study examined the unique influence of emotional childhood abuse on positive and negative aspects of different types of social relationships (e.g., family, spouse/partner, and friends) in midlife and whether genetic variations of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) moderated these associations. Genetic variations in OXTR are measured by single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which have been the most substantially studied prospects for explaining individual differences in socio-behavioral phenotypes. Specifically, an SNP, rs53576, involving a guanine (G) to adenine (A) substitution located in the third intron of the OXTR has been associated with fundamental aspects of social processes and behaviors. Compared to A carriers, individuals homozygous for the G allele have enhanced social competencies and tend to elicit more positive responses from social partners, consequently increasing the overall quality of social relationships across the lifespan. However, the G allele of the OXTR has also been associated with greater social sensitivity. In the current study, conducted among a sample of 614 adults in midlife, it was shown that emotional childhood abuse was significantly associated with having less supportive and more strained relationships in midlife. Regarding supportive family relationships, the effect of emotional childhood abuse was moderated by the OXTR rs53576 polymorphism. Specifically, under conditions of more emotional abuse in childhood, individuals homozygous for the G allele had more supportive family relationships in midlife compared to A carriers. Overall, the findings suggest that genetic variations of OXTR rs53576 may be an important candidate in understanding the development of social relationship functioning within the context of negative early life experiences.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Psychology 2018
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Chouinard, Rachel. "Maltraitance durant l’enfance et régulation de la tristesse et de la peur à l’âge adulte : une analyse qualitative". Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21156.
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Smith, Soraya. "The circularity of trauma-addiction-trauma". Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21612.
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Text in EnglishThe rationale for the study was to investigate the symbiotic connection of trauma and addiction. The focus is on childhood trauma and the turn to addictive practices to quell the memories and experiences endured as children. Chapter One discusses the methodology regarding the approach of the study and includes an introductory literature review of the phenomena. Additional literature is included in the ensuing chapters. A personal account of the motivation behind the research is chronicled in Chapter Two. In this chapter, I share with the readers my personal experiences around trauma and addiction in my family of origin. The notion of the blending of trauma and addiction is the focus of Chapter Three. It includes the approach to treatment of trauma and addiction as well as addiction counsellor training in the South African context. The storied lives of the participants and their experiences of trauma and addiction are encapsulated in Chapter Four. Finally, Chapter Five rounds off the study with the analyses of the narratives of the unique individuals who contributed to this research undertaking.
Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)
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Louw, Tania. "'n Gestaltspelterapeutiese riglyn vir selfhandhawing by die seksueelmisbruikte laerskoolkind". Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1694.
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The research dealt with the implementation of Gestalt play therapy for the treatment of the sexually abused primary school child who experiences problems to maintain himself. The need for research on the theme originated from the researcher's experience with sexually abused primary school children. The aim of the research was to render therapeutic support to the primary school child through Gestalt play therapy, in order to explore the influence of such support on the child's maintaining behaviour. The applied research design was used for this purpose.
For the purpose of the research, one sexually abused child who experienced problems to maintain himself was identified by means of purposeful sampling. During each Gestalt play therapy session the child was brought into contact with his senses. Conclusions as well as recommendations were formulated as a result of the research.Social Work
M. Diac. (Play Therapy)
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wong, kimlee. "Traumatized Nation: how society is toxic to women and children". 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31281.
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A growing body of scientific evidence is uncovering how toxic stress and early traumatic experiences have profound long lasting effects on our children’s developing brains and neuro-immune-endocrine systems and are linked to nine out of ten of the most common causes of death in Canada. Domestic violence is linked to many of these effects and although widespread throughout Canada, it receives little attention. In fact, the legal system, the family court system in particular, ignores this medical evidence thereby contributing to the trauma of children. In this thesis I identify and confront eight prevailing myths and biases that create an unfair playing field for women in family court and society and the crisis of justice in Canada. Domestic violence is about power and control over another and I use the lens of the power and control wheel which recognizes eight ways that men use to dominate over women, only one of which involves physical violence. As statistics, reports and medical evidence haven’t been enough to advance actions to address domestic violence on a meaningful level, I use my own story to highlight how this plays out in real life in the hopes of illustrating the urgency of addressing domestic violence in our neighbourhoods. Violence against women requires challenging some deeply held biases and I suggest a more Indigenous perspective on child rearing to help address and mitigate the concerns raised by the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study.May 2016
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McCoy, Thelma G. "Exploring the relationships between concurrent types of interpersonal child maltreatments and severity of posttraumatic stress symptomatology : the moderated mediational role of a child’s strengths". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/28488.
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Most children exposed to interpersonal violence experience multiple forms of victimizations that are more predictive of trauma symptomatology than single traumatic incidents. This exploratory study seeks to extend research that suggests a child’s intrinsic strengths may help mitigate the development of serious psychiatric symptoms for children experiencing multiple interfamilial victimizations. Utilizing a diverse clinical sample (N= 106) of children 7 to 18 years of age who were exposed to multiple family traumas or to non-interpersonal traumas, path analysis models (moderation, mediational, and moderated mediational) were employed across potential explanatory or attenuating demographic factors (age, ethnicity, and gender) to ascertain the associations between multiple interpersonal maltreatment types experienced, childs’ behavioral and emotional strengths, and their posttraumatic stress symptomatology and/or behavioral and emotional difficulty symptoms.text
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Wilson, Lizane. "Riglyne vir die hantering van die seksueel misbruikte kind in die middelkinderjare". Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1089.
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Summaries in Afrikaans and EnglishSeksuele misbruik is 'n brutale vorm van kindermishandeling wat kommerwekkende afmetings in Suid-Afrika aanneem. Hierdie traumatiese gebeurtenis het emosioneel 'n geweldige negatiewe impak op die kinderslagoffer. Hierdie studie is gerig deur die uitgangspunt dat terapeute, deur middel van Gestaltspelterapie, hierdie kinderslagoffers moet lei in die hantering van hierdie trauma en die gevolge daarvan. Die gebrek aan riglyne vir die terapeut om die seksueel misbruikte kind in die middelkinderjare te hanteer is as navorsingsprobleem geformuleer. Die doel van die studie was dus om vanuit 'n Gestaltspelterapeutiese benadering riglyne vir terapeute daar te stel in die hantering van die seksueel misbruikte kind in die middelkinderjare ten einde die kind te bemagtig. Om hierdie doel te bereik, is die navorsingsproses deur kwalitatiewe navorsing gerig en individuele gevallestudies voltooi deur die terapeutiese proses met drie kinderslagoffers te deurloop. Die data wat bekom is kon deur middel van data-analise en literatuurkontrole aangewend word om riglyne saam te stel. Daar is dus in die doel van die ondersoek geslaag, naamlik die daarstelling van riglyne vir die hantering van die seksueel misbruikte kind in die middelkinderjare.
Sexual abuse is a brutal form of child abuse that has reached exasperating proportions in South Africa. This traumatic event has an enormously negative emotional impact on the child victim. This study is directed by the premise that therapists', by means of Gestalt play therapy, should guide these victimized children in dealing with this trauma and its consequences. The research problem for the study was formulated as the lack of guidelines for the therapist to deal with the sexually abused child in middle childhood. The aim of the study was to provide therapists' with guidelines designed from the approach of Gestalt play therapy for dealing with and empowering the sexually abused child in middle childhood. In order to achieve this goal, qualitative research was employed, while individual case studies were carried out by applying the therapeutic process to three victimized children. The data obtained was analyzed, checked against existing literature, and used to compile the guidelines. Thus, the goal of the research was achieved, namely to provide guidelines for dealing with the sexually abused child in middle childhood.
Social Work
M. Diac. (Play Therapy)
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Badenhorst, Beryl Anne. "Exploring the psychosocial problems of children residing in shelters for abused women and the children in the Cape Metropolitan are : a gestalt approach". Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3835.
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The aim of this study was to explore and describe the psychosocial problems perceived (their phenomenological field) by children in middle childhood, living in shelters in the Cape Metropolitan Area.
The psychosocial problems included poor self regulation as a result of disturbances in the contact cycle, restrictions in shelters negatively impacting the holistic sense of self, barriers hindering relationships with significant others and the continuation of violence into the participants‟ broader field. The experience of multiple losses and persistence of violent behavior within and without the shelter context was a thread that ran through this study.
Current literature provided an overview of the theoretical underpinnings of this study which included the key tenets of Gestalt therapy theory, core Gestalt principles, the child living in a shelter and development in middle childhood. A qualitative research approach with a case study of ten children from three shelters was implemented.Social Work
M. Diac. (Play Therapy)