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Shin, Hong Im. "Autobiographical Memory of Childhood and Prosocial Behaviors". Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility 24, nr 1 (31.03.2021): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14695/kjsos.2021.24.1.73.
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Lee, Seung Ju, i Sung-Hwa Ji. "A Qualitative Meta-Analysis of Teachers' Perceptions of Early Childhood Problem Behavior and Guidance Difficulties". Education Research Institute, Chungbuk National University 45, nr 1 (30.04.2024): 185–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.55152/kerj.45.1.185.
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This study examined the difficulties in the perception and guidance of problematic behavior experienced by teachers in the field of early childhood teaching, through a qualitative meta-analysis. Apropos this, 10 qualitative studies related to children’s problem behaviors were analyzed. The following results were obtained. First, early childhood teachers faced problem behaviors expressed in various aspects of their daily lives. Second, in guiding problem behaviors, teachers experienced both positive and negative aspects. Third, early childhood teachers experienced dilemmas in the relationship between parents and fellow teachers in the process of guiding problem behaviors. Fourth, efforts to improve the professionalism of early childhood teachers and the necessity of linking experts to teachers are recognized as future tasks to support early childhood problem behavior. Based on these results, implications for guiding problem behavior in the field of early childhood education are discussed.
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Shahmoradi, Hesam, Abbas Masjedi-Arani, Maryam Bakhtiari i Imaneh Abasi. "Investigating the Role of Childhood Trauma, Emotion Dysregulation, and Self-criticism in Predicting Self-harming Behaviors". Practice in Clinical Psychology 9, nr 4 (1.10.2021): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jpcp.9.4.789.1.
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Objective: Self-harming behavior is a major clinical issue in adolescenc. Childhood trauma, emotion dysregulation, and Self-criticism are the main concerns associated with self-harming behavior. In this study, we investigated the relationship between childhood trauma, emotion dysregulation, and Self-criticism with self-harming behaviors among adolescents in Iran. Methods: A sample of 558 (263 girls and 295 boys) middle school-aged adolescents (aged 13–17) was recruited. Participants had at least one self-harming behavior in their clinical records. Self-harm Inventory (SHI), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Levels of Self-criticism questionnaire (LOSC) were completed online. Results: Findings of step by step regression revealed a significant relationship between childhood trauma, emotion dysregulation, and Self-criticism with self-harming behaviors. More specifically, childhood trauma (β=0.253, t=6.42), emotion dysregulation (β=0.135, t=2.77), and Self-criticism (β=0.345, t=8.67) predicted self-harming behaviors. Conclusion: Our findings provided a therapeutic insight to prevent suicide and other related destructive behaviors among adolescents.
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Daniels, Stephen R. "Sedentary behaviors in childhood". Journal of Pediatrics 145, nr 5 (listopad 2004): A2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.10.009.
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Kim, Hyoung Joo, i Ju Lie Lee. "Problem behaviors of Early Childhood, health of mother's family of origin, differentiation of self, Marital Conflict structural relationship between". Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 22, nr 12 (30.06.2022): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.12.83.
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Objectives The purpose of this study is to reveal the structure and influence between the mother's role in the family-of-origin health, mother's differentiation of self, marital conflict, and problem behavior of early childhood.
Methods For this purpose, a questionnaire was distributed to 435 children attending early childhood education institutions located in S and G to measure the variables of childhood child problem behavior, mother's family-of-Origin health, mother's differentiation of self, and marital conflict. In the structural equation model, the independent variable was the mother's family-of-Origin health as the mediating variable, differentiation of self and marital conflict dependent variables were selected as the externalization problem behavior and internalization problem behavior of early children.
Results Mothers’ family-of-Origin health had a positive effect on the level of mother’s differentiation of self, and mother’s differentiation of self had a negative effect on children’s externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors. Couple conflict had a positive effect on the externalization and internalization problem behaviors of children in early childhood. Mothers' family-of-Origin health fully mediated the level of mother's differentiation of self in the externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors of children in early childhood. In addition, it was found that marital conflict and mother differentiation of self between the and the externalization and internalization problem behaviors of the infant children had an indirect effect on the externalization and internalization problem behavior of early childhood.
Conclusions For this reason, it was verified that differentiation of self in the mother is an important factor in preventing and reducing problem behavior of early childhood, Based on the results of this study, various measures were sought to prevent and reduce problem behavior of early childhood.
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Kim, Hyoung Joo, i Ju Lie Lee. "Problem behaviors of Early Childhood, health of mother's family of origin, differentiation of self, Marital Conflict structural relationship between". Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 22, nr 12 (30.06.2022): 85–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.12.85.
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Objectives The purpose of this study is to reveal the structure and influence between the mother's role in the family-of-origin health, mother's differentiation of self, marital conflict, and problem behavior of early childhood.
Methods For this purpose, a questionnaire was distributed to 435 children attending early childhood education institutions located in S and G to measure the variables of childhood child problem behavior, mother's family-of-Origin health, mother's differentiation of self, and marital conflict. In the structural equation model, the independent variable was the mother's family-of-Origin health as the mediating variable, differentiation of self and marital conflict dependent variables were selected as the externalization problem behavior and internalization problem behavior of early children.
Results Mothers’ family-of-Origin health had a positive effect on the level of mother’s differentiation of self, and mother’s differentiation of self had a negative effect on children’s externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors. Couple conflict had a positive effect on the externalization and internalization problem behaviors of children in early childhood. Mothers' family-of-Origin health fully mediated the level of mother's differentiation of self in the externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors of children in early childhood. In addition, it was found that marital conflict and mother differentiation of self between the and the externalization and internalization problem behaviors of the infant children had an indirect effect on the externalization and internalization problem behavior of early childhood.
Conclusions For this reason, it was verified that differentiation of self in the mother is an important factor in preventing and reducing problem behavior of early childhood, Based on the results of this study, various measures were sought to prevent and reduce problem behavior of early childhood.
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Anderson, Kermyt G. "Adverse Childhood Environment: Relationship With Sexual Risk Behaviors and Marital Status in a Large American Sample". Evolutionary Psychology 15, nr 2 (1.04.2017): 147470491771011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474704917710115.
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A substantial theoretical and empirical literature suggests that stressful events in childhood influence the timing and patterning of subsequent sexual and reproductive behaviors. Stressful childhood environments have been predicted to produce a life history strategy in which adults are oriented more toward short-term mating behaviors and less toward behaviors consistent with longevity. This article tests the hypothesis that adverse childhood environment will predict adult outcomes in two areas: risky sexual behavior (engagement in sexual risk behavior or having taken an HIV test) and marital status (currently married vs. never married, divorced, or a member of an unmarried couple). Data come from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The sample contains 17,530 men and 23,978 women aged 18–54 years living in 13 U.S. states plus the District of Columbia. Adverse childhood environment is assessed through 11 retrospective measures of childhood environment, including having grown up with someone who was depressed or mentally ill, who was an alcoholic, who used or abused drugs, or who served time in prison; whether one’s parents divorced in childhood; and two scales measuring childhood exposure to violence and to sexual trauma. The results indicate that adverse childhood environment is associated with increased likelihood of engaging in sexual risk behaviors or taking an HIV test, and increased likelihood of being in an unmarried couple or divorced/separated, for both men and women. The predictions are supported by the data, lending further support to the hypothesis that childhood environments influence adult reproductive strategy.
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Loeber, Rolf, Stephanie M. Green, Benjamin B. Lahey i Magda Stouthamer-Loeber. "Optimal informants on childhood disruptive behaviors". Development and Psychopathology 1, nr 4 (październik 1989): 317–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457940000050x.
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AbstractThe question of which informant on childhood behavior disorders is the most useful an'd valid for which disorders influences diagnostic accuracy and research findings. The present study focuses on 177 boys, most of whom had been referred to outpatient services because they were displaying disruptive behavior. The boys, their mothers, and their teachers responded to a psychiatric interview concerning the boys' behavior. Analyses of conditional agreements between informants show that children, as compared with mothers and teachers, were less adequate informants on their own hyperactivity and inattentiveness. The same applied to children's reports of their own oppositional behavior. In contrast, children's reports of their conduct problems tended to complement the reports by adults. Although informants agreed significantly on the presence of many disruptive child behaviors, there were several on which they did not agree, particularly in the realm of hyperactivity/inattentiveness. There were few age differences between older and younger boys in this sample of 7- to 12-year-olds. The implications of the findings for research and clinical practice are discussed.
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Bang, Seon-Kyeong, i Eunhee Lee. "Effects of Negative Parent-Child Relationships in Childhood on Depression and Non-Suicidal Self-Injurious Behaviors in College Students: Mediating Effects of Dysfunctional Parent Modes". Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 24, nr 22 (30.11.2024): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2024.24.22.199.
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Objectives This study examined the relationship between negative parent-child relationships in childhood and depression and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors in college students and the mediating effect of dysfunctional parent modes on the relationship between these two variables. Methods For this study, we selected 470 college students (377 males and 93 females) with non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors through a panel survey from a survey organization, and used structural equation modeling analysis to test whether negative parent-child relationships in childhood sequentially mediate through dysfunctional parent modes and depression to influence non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors. Results The findings were as follows: First, dysfunctional parent modes fully mediated the relationship between negative parent-child relationships in childhood and depression; second, dysfunctional parent mode fully mediated the relationship between negative parent-child relationships in childhood and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors; and third, dysfunctional parent mode did not sequentially mediate the relationship between negative parent-child relationships in childhood and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors. Third, dysfunctional parent mode did not sequentially mediate depression in the relationship between negative parent-child relationships in childhood and non-suicidal self-injurious behavior. Conclusions Based on these findings, the significance of this study and implications for schema therapy to effectively intervene with college students who are depressed or engage in non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors due to negative parent-child relationships in childhood are discussed and suggested for future research.
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Fergusson, David M., L. John Horwood i Michael T. Lynskey. "Maternal Smoking Before and After Pregnancy: Effects on Behavioral Outcomes in Middle Childhood". Pediatrics 92, nr 6 (1.12.1993): 815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.92.6.815.
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Objective. The aim of this research was to examine the extent to which maternal smoking before and after pregnancy was associated with childhood disruptive behaviors when due allowance was made for potentially confounding factors which may have been associated with both maternal smoking habits and childhood problem behaviors. Methods. During the course of a 15-year longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1265 New Zealand children, the following measures were obtained: (1) measures of daily cigarette intake during pregnancy and after pregnancy; (2) measures of childhood disruptive behaviors including conduct problems and attention deficit behaviors based on both maternal and teacher report data; and (3) measures of a series of potentially confounding family, social, parental, and related factors. Results. Before adjustment for confounding, maternal smoking both before and after pregnancy was found to be associated with significant increases in rates of childhood problem behaviors: children whose mothers smoked in excess of 20 cigarettes per day had mean problem behavior scores that were between 0.16 and 0.56 standard deviations higher than those of children whose mothers were nonsomkers. The results were then adjusted using regression methods to take account of (1) correlations between pregnancy and postpregnancy smoking and (2) potentially confounding factors. The results of regression adjustment suggested that maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with small but statistically detectable increases in rates of childhood problem behaviors, with children whose mothers smoked in excess of 20 cigarettes per day having mean scores that were 0.10 to 0.36 standard deviations higher than those of the offspring of nonsmokers, even after adjustment for a series of confounding factors. However, smoking after pregnancy was not significantly associated with increased rates of childhood problem behavior after adjustment for sources of confounding. Conclusion. The results are generally consistent with the hypothesis that smoking during pregnancy may be associated with small but detectable increases in the risks of problem behaviors in childhood. This suggests that possible adverse effects on childhood behavioral adjustment should be added to the growing list of adverse consequences of parental smoking for childhood health and well-being.
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Su, Shijia. "The Impact of Domestic Violence on Juvenile Delinquency - A Systematic Review". Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 78, nr 1 (3.01.2025): 113–18. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/2025.19664.
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This systematic review and meta-analysis examine the impact of domestic violence, with an emphasis on childhood physical and sexual abuse, on juvenile delinquency. By integrating various theoretical frameworks, including Aker's social learning theory and the cycle of violence theory, this research investigates the impact of exposure to abusive settings on the development of antisocial behaviors. The meta-analysis specifically focuses on the relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and tendencies toward delinquent behaviors, revealing significant associations between CSA and increased delinquency risk. The analysis highlights the significant mediating influence of callous-unemotional traits in connecting childhood maltreatment to aggressive behaviors. The results demonstrate that childhood abuse, encompassing both sexual and physical abuse, has lasting effects on psychological well-being and criminal behavior during adolescence. Despite high heterogeneity in effect sizes, the analysis underscores the consistent protective effect of early interventions in reducing long-term delinquency risks. This analysis underscores the urgent necessity for proactive strategies aimed at combating childhood abuse and reducing its capacity to cultivate delinquent behaviors.
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Mirlohi, Marzieh, Leila Khajehpour i Emad Yousefi. "The Structural Model of the Causal Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Deviant Behaviors and Academic Performance with the Mediation of Resilience in Students". Journal of Adolescent and Youth Psychological Studies 5, nr 7 (2024): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/kman.jayps.5.7.4.
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Objective: Today, the academic progress and performance of students have been considered an important indicator for evaluating the educational system. The present study aimed to fit the proposed model of the causal relationship between childhood traumas, deviant behaviors, and academic performance with the mediation of resilience in students. Methods and Materials: This correlational study employed structural equation modeling (SEM) or causal modeling for model fitting. The statistical population included all male and female high school students in the 22 districts of Tehran during the 2023-2024 academic year, from which 370 students were randomly selected. Data were collected using the Bernstein et al. (2003) Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Eyberg and Ross (1978) Child Behavior Checklist, and the Liebenberg et al. (2012) Child and Youth Resilience Measure. Data were analyzed using SPSS.24 and AMOS.24 software. Findings: The results showed that childhood traumas had a direct effect on resilience (t = -6.38, β = -0.61). Childhood traumas had a direct effect on deviant behaviors (t = 4.27, β = 0.38). Childhood traumas had a direct effect on academic performance (t = -2.68, β = -0.28). Resilience had a direct effect on deviant behaviors (t = -4.96, β = -0.47). Additionally, the model of childhood traumas with deviant behaviors and academic performance mediated by resilience in students was a good fit. Conclusion: It can be concluded that resilience plays a mediating role in the relationship between childhood traumas, deviant behaviors, and academic performance.
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Geng, Xiaowei, Jinrong Xu, Yicong Li, Feng Zhang, Xinye Sun i Hongyang Yu. "The Impact of Childhood Socioeconomic Status on Adolescents’ Risk Behaviors: The Role of Physiological and Psychological Threats". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 22 (18.11.2022): 15254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215254.
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Adolescence is a period of high levels of risk behavior. The present research aims to examine the influences of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) on risk behaviors in gain or loss domains among adolescents and the roles of threats in this effect. In experiment 1, a total of 107 adolescents (Mage = 14.80; SDage = 1.15) were asked to complete the childhood socioeconomic status scale before they took part in a risk behavior task under the gain and loss situation. A total of 149 adolescents (Mage = 14.24; SDage = 1.11) in experiment 2a and 139 adolescents (Mage = 13.88; SDage = 1.09) in experiment 2b completed the childhood socioeconomic status scale before they took part in a risk behavior task under the gain and loss situation under physiological threats and psychological threats, respectively. The results showed that high-childhood-SES adolescents tend to take more risks than low-childhood-SES adolescents in the gain domain, while low-childhood-SES adolescents tend to take more risks than high-childhood-SES adolescents in the loss domain. Threats amplified the impact of childhood socioeconomic status on adolescents’ risk behaviors in the gain and loss domains. When a physiological threat or psychological threat was primed, compared to the control group, in the gain situation, the extent to which high-childhood-SES adolescents showed greater risk seeking than low-childhood-SES adolescents became larger; in the loss domain, the extent to which low-childhood-SES adolescents showed greater risk seeking than high-childhood-SES adolescents became larger.
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Chen, Chin-Chih, Sheng-Lun Cheng, Yaoying Xu, Kathleen Rudasill, Reed Senter, Fa Zhang, Melissa Washington-Nortey i Nikki Adams. "Transactions between Problem Behaviors and Academic Performance in Early Childhood". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 15 (4.08.2022): 9583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159583.
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This study aimed to further the understanding of transactional relationships that exist between problem behaviors and academic performance in early childhood. Early academic and behavior difficulties increase the risk of school disengagement, academic failure, and dropout. Although children’s academic and behavioral difficulties have been shown to be intercorrelated, little research has focused on how the relationship reciprocates and progresses in early childhood. This study investigated how problem behaviors (i.e., externalizing and internalizing) influence and are influenced by academic performance (i.e., poor reading and math) from kindergarten to third grade. Participants included 18,135 students (51.22% boys) derived from a nationally representative sample in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2011 (ECLS-K: 2011). Teacher ratings of children’s internalizing (low self-esteem, anxiety, loneliness, or sadness) and externalizing (fighting, arguing, showing anger, impulsively acting, and disruptive behaviors) problem behaviors, as well as direct assessments of children’s academic performance (reading and math), were collected yearly. Cross-lagged panel modeling (CLPM) was employed to examine reciprocal relationships between problem behaviors and academic performance over time from kindergarten to third grade. The results supported the transactional relationships in early childhood, with higher externalizing as well as internalizing problem behaviors predicting lower academic performance and lower academic performance predicting higher externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors. The implications for research, prevention, and early intervention regarding the progression of academic and behavioral problems are discussed.
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Gau, J. S., J. L. Silberg, M. T. Erickson i J. K. Hewitt. "Childhood Behavior Problems: A Comparison of Twin and Non-twin Samples". Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 41, nr 1 (styczeń 1992): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000002518.
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AbstractThis study compares standardized measures of childhood behavior problems in a community-based twin sample with those for normative samples from the general population. Maternal parent ratings on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for 1824 twins were compared with the CBCL normative sample. The results indicated that twins showed small but consistently higher levels of problem behaviors. These elevations were significant for older children on both internalizing and externalizing behaviors; for younger children the elevations were significant for externalizing but not internalizing behaviors.
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Prykanowski, Debra A., Jose R. Martinez, Brian Reichow, Maureen A. Conroy i Ke Huang. "Brief Report: Measurement of Young Children’s Engagement and Problem Behavior in Early Childhood Settings". Behavioral Disorders 44, nr 1 (28.06.2018): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0198742918779793.
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Given the importance of engagement and impact of problem behavior on young children’s behavioral, social, and academic development, these two behaviors are often observed and measured in early childhood settings. The purpose of this brief report is to describe the findings from an examination of the use of multiple direct observation methods to measure engagement and problem behaviors of five children in early childhood settings across two different activity types. Findings from this study support previous research that young children’s engagement and problem behavior differ depending on the type of classroom activity. In addition, the data indicate that behavioral estimates for both engagement and problem behavior obtained using momentary time sampling produced measures of behaviors comparable with those obtained with continuous recording, whereas partial-interval recording consistently overestimated the occurrence of the behaviors compared with continuous recording. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.
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Low, Justin, i Timothy Keith. "The influence of auditory short-term memory on behavior problem development". International Journal of Behavioral Development 39, nr 2 (24.10.2014): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025414556519.
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The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of two subcomponents of auditory short-term memory on the developmental trajectories of behavior problems. The sample included 7,058 children from the NLSY79 – Children and Young Adult survey between the ages 5 and 14 years. Results suggested that anxious/depressed behavior increases during childhood and hyperactive and antisocial behavior problems decrease over the course of childhood. Children who scored higher on the Digit Span Backwards test demonstrated lower initial anxious/depressed, antisocial, and hyperactive behaviors, and children who scored higher on the Digit Span Forwards test demonstrated lower initial hyperactive behaviors. Some effects varied by sex; boys who scored higher on the Digit Span Forwards test decreased in antisocial behaviors at a slower rate than those who scored lower on the test. Thus, short-term memory associated with rehearsal mechanisms appears to influence initial levels of various problem behaviors for both males and females, while storage capacity influences initial hyperactive behavior for both males and females and the course of antisocial behavior in males.
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Fleary, Sasha A., Robin Mehl i Claudio Nigg. "Predicting Hawaiian Youth’s Physical Activity and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Behaviors: A 10-Year Cohort Study". Journal of Physical Activity and Health 16, nr 8 (1.08.2019): 644–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2018-0474.
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Background: Health behaviors in childhood and adolescence are implicated in health behaviors and chronic disease risk in adulthood for the majority of the US population. However, little is known about these relationships in Hawaiian youth. This study investigated the extent to which childhood physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable consumption behaviors predicted later behaviors across a 10-year period in Hawaiian youth. Methods: Three cohorts of fourth- to sixth-grade students who participated in an elementary after-school program (Fun 5) provided baseline data (Y1—data collected between 2003 and 2007), 5-year (Y5—data collected between 2008 and 2012), and 10-year (Y10—data collected between 2013 and 2017) follow-up surveys. Demographic, PA, and fruit and vegetable consumption measures were completed at all 3 time points. Bivariate and multiple regressions were computed in 2018. Results: Y1 and Y5 behavior predicted PA in young adulthood. For fruit and vegetable consumption, Y1 behavior predicted Y5 behavior but not Y10 behavior, and Y5 behavior predicted Y10 behaviors. Conclusions: Similar to mainland US youth, it is important to address PA and nutrition early in the life span for Hawaiian youth to increase long-term preventive health behaviors and reduce long-term chronic disease risk.
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Ford, Jennifer, Marie Barnett i Rachel Werk. "Health Behaviors of Childhood Cancer Survivors". Children 1, nr 3 (22.10.2014): 355–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children1030355.
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Greening, Leilani, Laura Stoppelbein, Paula Fite, Dirk Dhossche, Stephen Erath, Jacqueline Brown, Robert Cramer i Laura Young. "Pathways to Suicidal Behaviors in Childhood". Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 38, nr 1 (luty 2008): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/suli.2008.38.1.35.
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Martel, Michelle M., Monica Gremillion, Bethan Roberts, Alexander von Eye i Joel T. Nigg. "The structure of childhood disruptive behaviors." Psychological Assessment 22, nr 4 (2010): 816–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020975.
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Fergusson, David M., L. John Horwood i Michael T. Lynskey. "The stability of disruptive childhood behaviors". Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 23, nr 3 (czerwiec 1995): 379–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01447563.
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Briggs, Beverly A. "Measuring effective early childhood teaching behaviors". Child & Youth Care Quarterly 16, nr 3 (1987): 196–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01086793.
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Reznick, J. Steven, Irene M. Hegeman, Emily R. Kaufman, Scott W. Woods i Marlene Jacobs. "Retrospective and concurrent self-report of behavioral inhibition and their relation to adult mental health". Development and Psychopathology 4, nr 2 (kwiecień 1992): 301–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457940000016x.
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AbstractFour studies are reported in which an interview or questionnaire is used to measure the relation between behavioral inhibition, defined as consistent restraint in response to unfamiliar social or nonsocial stimuli, and adult mental health. In Study 1, undergraduates were tested using a retrospective self-report questionnaire. Those who reported more behaviors suggesting childhood inhibition also reported more mental health problems. Study 2 was an attempt to establish the postdictive validity of the measurement of childhood inhibition. College students and their parents completed the questionnaire independently and were in extremely strong agreement regarding the student's inhibited behaviors as a child. In Study 3, self-reported contemporary behaviors suggesting inhibition correlated with the retrospective self-report of inhibition. Both measures correlated with the State Anxiety Subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and both accounted for unique variance in anxiety, but only contemporary inhibition accounted for unique variance in depression. In Study 4, adults who had been treated for panic disorder or depression were interviewed and reported more behaviors indicative of inhibition during childhood than did control subjects. These four studies support the usefulness of retrospective self-report as a measure of childhood inhibition and are compatible with the hypothesis that a tendency toward inhibited behavior in childhood or adulthood may be a risk factor for mental health problems.
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Weiss, Nicole H., Courtney Peasant i Tami P. Sullivan. "Avoidant Coping as a Moderator of the Association Between Childhood Abuse Types and HIV/Sexual Risk Behaviors". Child Maltreatment 24, nr 1 (19.08.2018): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559518793228.
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Women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) report high rates of HIV/sexual risk behaviors. Childhood abuse has been linked to HIV/sexual risk behaviors among IPV-victimized women; however, limited research has examined factors that may influence this association. The current study tested the moderating role of avoidant coping in the relation between childhood abuse types (physical, emotional, and sexual) and HIV/sexual risk behaviors. Participants were 212 community women currently experiencing IPV (mean age = 36.63 years, 67.0% African American). Higher levels of avoidant coping were related to more severe childhood abuse types. Severity of childhood abuse types was associated with greater HIV/sexual risk behaviors. Avoidant coping moderated the relation between childhood sexual abuse severity and HIV/sexual risk behaviors, such that this association was significant for IPV-victimized women with high (but not low) levels of avoidant coping. Findings suggest the utility of targeting avoidant coping in interventions aimed at preventing or reducing HIV/sexual risk behaviors among IPV-victimized women with a history of childhood sexual abuse.
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Arusoglu, Gulcan, Sine Yilmaz i Basak Can. "Factors Affecting the Prediction of Eating Behavior in Children: Stepwise Regression Analysis on Parental Feeding Styles". ULUTAS MEDICAL JOURNAL 10, nr 2 (2024): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/umj.20240515072336.
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Introduction: In order to prevent obesity in adults, it is necessary to intervene in negative behaviors that develop in childhood. These negative behaviors include negative eating behaviors. The aim of our study is to investigate the relationship between parental feeding styles, which is one of the most important factors affecting children's feeding behavior. Materials and Methods: In this research, which was planned as a descriptive study, the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire and Parental Feeding Style Questionnaire scales were administered to the participants by the researchers. Results: Research results showed that parental feeding styles, such as emotional feeding and incentive feeding, are one of the most important predictors of children's eating behaviors. In addition, the child's weight also affects sub-dimensions such as eating selectivity, slow eating, and enjoyment of eating. Conclusion: The interaction between the child's weight and eating behavior is a vicious circle that is harder to break. However, if the parents' eating styles are changed in the right direction, the child's eating behavior can be improved and the child's weight can be managed. This is an important way to prevent childhood obesity. For this reason, parents and caregivers who are responsible for the child's nutrition need to acquire healthy eating behaviors and adapt these behaviors to their own lives.
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Evans, Gary W., Siegmar Otto i Florian G. Kaiser. "Childhood Origins of Young Adult Environmental Behavior". Psychological Science 29, nr 5 (15.02.2018): 679–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617741894.
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Prospective, longitudinal analyses revealed that over a 12-year period from ages 6 to 18, individuals who grew up with mothers with more proenvironmental attitudes engaged in more proenvironmental behavior as young adults. A similar marginal association was uncovered between mothers’ proenvironmental behaviors and the proenvironmental behavior of their young adult offspring. Maternal educational attainment, but not political ideology, was also associated with more proenvironmental behavior as children matured. Moreover, childhood time spent outdoors was positively associated with increased environmentally responsible behavior in young adulthood. Interestingly, one’s own childhood proenvironmental behavior and attitude, at least as assessed at age 6, bear little on one’s eventual proenvironmental behavior as a young adult. Finally, among this set of childhood factors, maternal education and childhood time spent outdoors were independent predictors of positive changes in environmental behavior from early childhood to young adulthood.
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Gharibi, Leila, Hossein Asadi Rad i Naser Amini. "The role of childhood traumatic experiences in predicting hostile behavior: a mediation model". Romanian Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 24, nr 4 (31.12.2022): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjpp.2022.4.1.
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Background. The childhood traumatic experiences play a significant role in the development of unhealthy behaviors in adulthood. Identifying the underlying mechanisms in the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and hostile behaviors is of paramount importance. Additionally, this study aimed to explore the mediating role of mentalization in the relationship between childhood traumatic experiences and hostile behaviors in adults. Methods. This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional. The statistical population of the study included all employees of the Iranian Oil Terminals Company in 2024. A total of 280 participants were selected through convenience sampling and completed the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The data were analyzed through the application of structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings. According to the findings, the proposed model exhibited a good fit. In line with the findings, childhood traumatic experiences had a direct, significant positive effect on hostile behaviors (β=0.57). Additionally, it had a significant negative effect on mentalization (β=-0.58). Another finding indicated that mentalization had a significant negative effect on hostile behaviors (β=-0.34). Moreover, another finding revealed that mentalization served as a mediator between childhood traumatic experiences and hostile behaviors (β=0.20). Conclusion. In conclusion, the findings suggest that childhood traumatic experiences exert a direct influence on adult hostile behaviors, with mentalization functioning as a significant mediating variable.
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Hyde, Luke W., Daniel S. Shaw, Frances Gardner, Jeewon Cheong, Thomas J. Dishion i Melvin Wilson. "Dimensions of callousness in early childhood: Links to problem behavior and family intervention effectiveness". Development and Psychopathology 25, nr 2 (30.04.2013): 347–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579412001101.
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AbstractThis study examined dimensions of callous behaviors in early childhood and the role of these behaviors in the development of conduct problems, as well as responsiveness to a family-centered preventative intervention. Caregiver reports of callous behaviors were examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Problem behavior was examined using within- and cross-informant reports of these behaviors. Parenting was measured using observational methods within the context of a randomized control trial of the Family Check-Up with a sample of 731 ethnically diverse boys and girls (followed from ages 2 to 4) at high risk for later conduct problems. Results demonstrated that a measure of deceitful–callous (DC) behaviors had acceptable factor loadings and internal consistency at ages 3 and 4. DC behaviors at age 3 predicted problem behavior concurrently and longitudinally within and across informant. However, DC behaviors did not reduce the effectiveness of the family preventative intervention. These findings have implications for our understanding of behaviors that may precede later callous–unemotional traits and for our understanding of the development and prevention of early starting conduct problems.
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Garrido, Edward F., Lindsey M. Weiler i Heather N. Taussig. "Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health-Risk Behaviors in Vulnerable Early Adolescents". Journal of Early Adolescence 38, nr 5 (12.01.2017): 661–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431616687671.
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Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with health-risk behaviors in general samples of adults and adolescents. The current study examined the association between ACEs and these behaviors among a high-risk sample of early adolescents. Five hundred fifteen 9- to 11-year-old children placed in foster care due to maltreatment were interviewed about their engagement in violence, substance use, and delinquency. A multi-informant ACEs score was derived based on exposure to six adverse experiences. Regression analyses examined the relationship between ACEs and risk behaviors and the potential moderating effects of age, sex, and minority status. ACE scores were predictive of risk behaviors after controlling for age, sex, and minority status. Although males and older youth were more likely to engage in risk behaviors, none of the demographic characteristics moderated the ACE-risk behavior association. This study extends previous research by demonstrating an association between ACEs and risk behaviors in extremely vulnerable early adolescents.
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Wasserman, D. "Childhood abuse and the genetic variants of the HPA and serotonin systems". European Psychiatry 26, S2 (marzec 2011): 2161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73864-0.
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According to a stress diathesis model, genes and environment, as well as possible interactions in-between (GxE), may result in vulnerability towards suicidal behaviors (SB), characterized by behavioral trigger endophenotypes such as increased depression-intensity and aggression/anger/impulsivity.Excessive stress has the potential to induce unfavorable effects in a variety of higher brain-functions, incurred as side effects to maladaptive responses in the genetically controlled stress-responsive neurosystems eg. in the hypo- thalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis. Childhood traumatic experiences are particularly relevant as stressful experiences are they frequently occur in the early childhood, when susceptibility to external stressors is higher. Childhood abuse has been found in several study as directly associated with suicidal behavior, independently from other psychological or psychopathological risk factors.HPA-axis dysregulation is regarded as an endo- phenotype of depression-, anxiety- and alcohol abuse disorders, commonly found also in suicide behaviors. Various neurobiological alterations, suggesting abnormal HPA-axis activity and reactivity, have also been demonstrated to occur in suicidal behaviors including completed suicides.The HPA axis is a major systemic stress-modulator being mainly controlled by the regulatory corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) gene. An overview will be presented of the role of the HPA axis in suicidal behaviors with a focus on CRHR1 gene. and on interactions with childhood traumatic experiences.
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Carrasco, Miguel A., Begoña Delgado i Francisco Pablo Holgado-Tello. "Children’s Temperament: A Bridge between Mothers’ Parenting and Aggression". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 17 (2.09.2020): 6382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176382.
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Childhood aggression is important to acknowledge due to its social impact and importance in predicting future problems. The temperament of a child and parental socialization have been essential in explaining behavioral problems, particularly in the case of childhood aggression. The aim of this study is to examine—from the parents’ perspective—the role of childhood temperament in the dynamic by which mothers’ reactions socialize their children’s aggression. We also explore how children’s gender and age differences affect these relationships. The sample was composed of 904 participants between 1 and 6 years old. The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire and the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire were used to evaluate children’s negative affect and effortful control. The Parent–Child Relationship Inventory Maternal was used to assess maternal communication and discipline, and child aggression was assessed using the Children’s Behavior Checklist. The results supported the mediating role of temperament in the processes by which perceived mothers’ reactions socialize their children’s aggression and suggested that maternal behaviors may not have the same consequences for girls and boys. Specifically, the aggressiveness of girls is dependent on a negative affect throughout toddlerhood and early childhood, while for boys, the duration of the negative affect’s contribution is shorter, and aggressiveness is more sensitive to the maternal behaviors of discipline and communication.
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Sansone, Randy A., George A. Gaither i Douglas A. Songer. "The Relationships Among Childhood Abuse, Borderline Personality, and Self-Harm Behavior in Psychiatric Inpatients". Violence and Victims 17, nr 1 (luty 2002): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.17.1.49.33636.
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The current study was undertaken to explore the relationships among childhood abuse subtypes (sexual, physical, and emotional abuse; witnessing violence), three diagnostic screenings for borderline personality disorder (BPD), and self-harm behavior. Psychiatric inpatients (N = 77) were evaluated for childhood abuse histories through a survey. Participants also underwent assessment for BPD using a self-report measure, clinical diagnosis, and a DSM-IV checklist. Finally, each was assessed for self-harm behavior using the 22-item Self-Harm Inventory (SHI). Compared with non-abused participants, those with abuse histories (with the exception of witnessing violence) had a significantly greater number of BPD confirmations (i.e., self-report, clinical diagnosis, DSM-IV checklist) as well as self-harm behaviors. When examining the total number of endorsed abuse subtypes, there was a significant correlation with the number of self-harm behaviors, but not the number of BPD diagnoses. Among psychiatric inpatients, childhood abuse demonstrates a complex relationship to BPD diagnoses and self-harm behavior.
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Marques Sousa, Emilly, Maria Aparecida Ferreira Menezes Suassuna, Fernanda Lúcia Pereira Costa i Hilana Maria Braga Fernandes Abreu. "Aggressive behaviors and oppositional defiant disorder: An analysis of the relationship between aggressive behaviors in childhood". REVISTA INTERDISCIPLINAR E DO MEIO AMBIENTE (RIMA) 6, nr 1 (4.04.2024): e245. http://dx.doi.org/10.52664/rima.v6.n1.2024.e245.
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Child development is a period of learning processes, which is why dysfunctional behaviors are common. However, these behaviors may exist situationally or, depending on their persistence, may constitute oppositional defiant disorder. The aim of this article was to carry out a systematic review of studies focusing on certain aggressive behaviors in childhood and the possibility of a relationship with the diagnosis of ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder), seeking to identify their causes and repercussions from early diagnosis. The search for articles was carried out in the Scielo; Lilacs; BVS databases during the months of March to May, using the terms: "Oppositional Defiant Disorder", "Childhood", "Aggressiveness" and "Behavior". Thus, this is a systematic review of the literature of an exploratory and descriptive nature in the year 2023. The final database included in the analysis consisted of 7 articles published from 2019 to 2023. However, the selected studies show a clear relationship between the influence of context on the development of oppositional defiant disorder in childhood, so children who develop in environments with aggressive communication tend to be more likely to be diagnosed with ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder).
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Talmon, A., i N. Tsur. "Intergenerational transmission of childhood maltreatment and eating disorder behaviors: Shedding light on the mother-daughter dyad and grandmother-mother-daughter triad". European Psychiatry 66, S1 (marzec 2023): S521—S522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.1107.
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IntroductionPrevious studies have established a relation between childhood maltreatment and eating disorder behaviors. However, this pattern of relations has not yet been studied within the nuclear family interactions.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine a model illuminating the transgenerational mechanism underlying the association between childhood maltreatment and eating disorder behaviors.MethodsOne-hundred-sixty-eight Israeli mothers and their young-adult-daughters (discovery sample) and 143 Israeli grandmother-mother-daughter triads (replication sample) filled out a battery of questionnaires assessing their history of childhood maltreatment and level of eating disorder behaviors.ResultsResults of structural equation modeling (SEM) in the discovery sample indicated that mothers’ childhood maltreatment was associated with daughters’ childhood maltreatment and that mothers’ eating disorder behaviors were also associated with daughters’ eating disorder behaviors. In addition, for both mothers and daughters, childhood maltreatment was associated with eating disorder behaviors. Finally, an indirect effect was found in which the relation between mothers’ childhood maltreatment and daughters’ eating disorders was mediated by mothers’ eating disorders. Partial replication was observed; grandmothers’ childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with mothers’ childhood maltreatment. Grandmothers’ eating disorder behaviors were associated with mothers’ eating disorders and mothers’ eating disorders were associated with daughters’ eating disorders. Finally, an indirect effect was found in which the association between grandmothers’ eating disorders and daughters’ eating disorders were mediated by mothers’ eating disorders.ConclusionsThese findings point to the significant contribution of the mother-daughter relationship in different aspects of the intergenerational transmission of both childhood maltreatment and eating disorder behaviors. These findings highlight the need to include a trauma-informed family-system approach in the treatment of eating disorders.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Morton, Patricia M., i Kenneth F. Ferraro. "Early Social Origins of Biological Risks for Men and Women in Later Life". Journal of Health and Social Behavior 61, nr 4 (18.11.2020): 503–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146520966364.
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We investigate whether childhood exposures influence adult chronic inflammation and mortality risk via adult health characteristics and socioeconomic status (SES) and whether gender moderates these relationships. Analyzing a longitudinal national sample of 9,310 men and women over age 50, we found that childhood SES, parental behaviors, and adolescent behaviors were associated with adult chronic inflammation via health characteristics and SES in adulthood. The process of disadvantage initiated by low childhood SES (i.e., adult health risk factors, socioeconomic disadvantage, and chronic inflammation) subsequently raised mortality risk. In addition, gender moderated the mediating influence of childhood SES via unhealthy behaviors and parental behaviors via adult SES. Demonstrating how social forces shape biological health through multiple mechanisms informs health policies by identifying multiple points of intervention in an effort to reduce the lasting consequences of childhood disadvantage.
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Yan, Zheng, i Robert Z. Zheng. "Growing From Childhood into Adolescence". International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning 1, nr 1 (styczeń 2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcbpl.2011010101.
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In this theoretical review paper, the authors discuss five important issues about the science of cyber behavior as a field of scientific research. First, they argue that the science of cyber behavior as a field of research is entering its adolescence after growing from its childhood, but before spearheading into its adulthood. The paper reviews the current understanding of human behavior in general and state that behavior sciences have generated extensive knowledge about human behavior theoretically, empirically, and methodologically across multiple disciplines. Next, the authors focus on cyber communication as an example to illustrate current knowledge about various types of cyber behaviors. They showcase exemplary research programs on cyber behavior in four disciplines of behavioral sciences, social psychology, cognitive psychology, communication studies, and sociology. Finally, the paper outlines future research programs in five major directions for further development of the field. Taking the opportunity to commemorate the inaugural issue of the International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning, the authors attempt to draw the first sketch of the science of cyber behavior from the perspective of history of science.
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Portilla-Saavedra, Diego, Cristián Pinto-Cortez i Rodrigo Moya-Vergara. "Psychological Distress in Young Chilean Adults Exposed to Parental Alienating Behaviors during Childhood/Adolescence". European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 13, nr 9 (3.09.2023): 1707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13090123.
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The aim of this study was to analyze the psychological distress of young adults exposed to alienating behaviors during childhood/adolescence. Four hundred and sixteen adults responded to the online survey. A brief sociodemographic questionnaire, the Brief Symptom Scale, and a questionnaire on adverse childhood experiences were included. The analyses revealed that individuals who experienced one or more alienating behaviors exhibited higher levels of anxiety, depression, somatization, and overall psychological distress. Furthermore, even after controlling for the effect of other adverse childhood experiences, alienating behaviors had a significant impact on psychological distress in adulthood. This highlights an understudied aspect of alienating behaviors, i.e., their conjunction or parallelism with other adverse childhood experiences.
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Nungesser, Nicole R., i Ruth V. Watkins. "Preschool Teachers’ Perceptions and Reactions to Challenging Classroom Behavior". Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 36, nr 2 (kwiecień 2005): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2005/013).
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Awareness of issues of social competence and challenging behavior related to childhood language and communication disorders has been increasing. The purpose of this clinical exchange is to provide speech-language pathologists with basic information on communication disorders and challenging behaviors, as well as with insights into ways to support both students and classroom teachers. To provide effective services to children with language impairments and optimally support classroom staff, speech-language pathologists need to recognize (a) the interdependence of language, communication, social competence, and challenging behaviors; (b) the significance that challenging behaviors can have on evaluations of academic competency; and (c) how teachers in early childhood classrooms perceive and react to challenging behaviors. This clinical exchange provides an overview of the relationship between language, communication, and social competence, and presents preliminary survey research data investigating teachers’ perceptions and reactions to challenging behaviors. Clinical implications are discussed, including considerations for intervention with children who may exhibit challenging behaviors in combination with language disabilities, and the speech-language pathologist’s instrumental role in educating and supporting classroom staff to use communication strategies when managing challenging classroom behaviors.
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Branscum, Paul, i Gail Kaye. "evaluation of a theory based childhood overweight prevention curriculum". Californian Journal of Health Promotion 7, SI (15.09.2009): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v7isi.1998.
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Food Fit, a social cognitive theory based (SCT) nutrition intervention, was implemented to 3rd-5th grade student’s at 5 YMCA after-school programs to impact specific dietary behaviors associated with the prevention of childhood overweight (n = 58). Pre and post tests were administered for each lesson to evaluate changes in behavioral capabilities (BC), self efficacy (SE), and outcome expectancies (OE) for each lesson's key objectives. A child-modified Food Behavior Checklist was administered before and after the program to evaluate dietary behaviors. Results showed significant improvements for SCT psychosocial variables (i.e. outcome expectancies for eating raw vegetables (p
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Li, Hanyu. "Relationship Between Childhood Traumas and Criminal Behaviors". Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 9, nr 1 (14.09.2023): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/9/20230199.
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This paper reviewed several papers discussing the relationship between childhood trauma and criminal behaviors. The definition and categorization of traumas and crimes, the commonness of child abuse, the sequential behaviors of criminals, and the psychological and environmental factors of crimes will be covered in this paper. The limitation and strengths of the reviewed studies are contained. This paper aims to investigate the causes of criminal behaviors by analyzing childhood traumas from different aspects. Physical, sexual, psychological, neglect, and other abuses from the community and family in childhood years occur more commonly in the criminal population, compared to the general public, and affect later criminal behaviors in type and amount. Society should raise awareness of child abuse to diminish the number of crimes.
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von Wirth, Elena, Dieter Breuer, Janet Mandler, Stephanie Schürmann i Manfred Döpfner. "Prediction of Educational Attainment and Occupational Functioning in Young Adults With a Childhood Diagnosis of ADHD: Results from the Cologne Adaptive Multimodal Treatment (CAMT) Study". Journal of Attention Disorders 26, nr 7 (26.10.2021): 1018–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10870547211045740.
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Objective: This longitudinal study examined early predictors of educational attainment and occupational functioning in adults with a childhood diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: Participants ( n = 70) of the Cologne Adaptive Multimodal Treatment (CAMT) Study were diagnosed with ADHD and received adaptive multimodal ADHD treatment during childhood. They were then followed through adolescence into adulthood. Results: Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that poor reading skill and externalizing behaviors in childhood were early predictors of educational and occupational difficulties in adulthood. The use of stimulant medication in childhood predicted lower high school achievement, probably because medication use was confounded by indication. The regression models improved when intelligence scores and/or externalizing behaviors, especially delinquency, assessed in adolescence were considered as additional predictors. Conclusion: Children with ADHD, who continue to show reading difficulties and externalizing behavior problems after initial treatment, are at risk for educational and occupational difficulties and may need additional support.
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Epstein, Leonard H., Michelle D. Myers, Hollie A. Raynor i Brian E. Saelens. "Treatment of Pediatric Obesity". Pediatrics 101, Supplement_2 (1.03.1998): 554–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.101.s2.554.
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The primary goal of childhood obesity interventions is regulation of body weight and fat with adequate nutrition for growth and development. Ideally, these interventions are associated with positive changes in the physiologic and psychological sequelae of obesity. To contribute to long-term weight maintenance, interventions should modify eating and exercise behaviors such that new, healthier behaviors develop and replace unhealthy behaviors, thereby allowing healthier behaviors to persist throughout development and into adulthood. This overview of pediatric obesity treatment, using predominantly randomized, controlled studies, highlights important contributions and developments in primarily dietary, activity, and behavior change interventions, and identifies characteristics of successful treatment and maintenance interventions. Potential positive (eg, reduction in blood pressure, serum lipids, and insulin resistance) and negative (eg, development of disordered eating patterns) side effects of treatment also are described. Recommendations for improving implementation of childhood obesity treatments, including application of behavioral choice theory, improving knowledge of response extinction and recovery in regards to behavior relapse, individualization of treatment, and integration of basic science with clinical outcome research, are discussed.
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Zhou, Yuhan. "How Empathy Influences Aggressive Behaviors in Early Childhood". Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 10 (5.04.2023): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v10i.6915.
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Studies have shown that empathy is a kind of emotional sharing and understanding ability, which is a kind of social ability, which stems from the complex interaction between unconscious neurocognitive, autonomic and neuroendocrine processes. A person who is empathic has the feeling to perceive and be sensitive to the emotions of others as well as the motivation to care for their wellbeing. In this essay, the different perspectives of empathy and how they influence aggressive behaviors in early childhood have been viewed. The study has found that the different forms of empathy influence behavior differently. In the normal sense and understanding, empathy tends to increase the chances for positive behavior and decrease aggression. In addition, in early childhood, emotional resonance is based on emotional inconsistency, which leads to empathic pain. This emotion is a self-directed response. At the same time, empathy pain becomes personal pain and needs comfort from others. Because the alternative emotional response may be out of control and may become disgusted at the same time.
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Rosencrans, Margaret, i Laura Lee McIntyre. "Coparenting and Child Outcomes in Families of Children Previously Identified With Developmental Delay". American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 125, nr 2 (1.03.2020): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-125.2.109.
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Abstract The current study explored cross-sectional relations between coparenting quality and child problem behaviors, as measured by parent report and direct observation, in families of school-aged children previously identified with a developmental delay in early childhood. Parents' reports of difficulty with coparenting problems predicted child problem behaviors. For primary caregivers, parenting self-efficacy mediated the relation between coparenting quality and problem behaviors. Observed undermining behavior significantly positively predicted child appropriate behavior across specific tasks and observed partner support behavior significantly negatively predicted child appropriate behavior across specific tasks. Discussion focuses on the clinical significance of these findings and future research directions.
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Godwin, Jennifer W. "The Fast Track intervention’s impact on behaviors of despair in adolescence and young adulthood". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, nr 50 (1.12.2020): 31748–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016234117.
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How to mitigate the dramatic increase in the number of self-inflicted deaths from suicide, alcohol-related liver disease, and drug overdose among young adults has become a critical public health question. A promising area of study looks at interventions designed to address risk factors for the behaviors that precede these —often denoted—“deaths of despair.” This paper examines whether a childhood intervention can have persistent positive effects by reducing adolescent and young adulthood (age 25) behaviors that precede these deaths, including suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, hazardous drinking, and opioid use. These analyses test the impact and mechanisms of action of Fast Track (FT), a comprehensive childhood intervention designed to decrease aggression and delinquency in at-risk kindergarteners. We find that random assignment to FT significantly decreases the probability of exhibiting any behavior of despair in adolescence and young adulthood. In addition, the intervention decreases the probability of suicidal ideation and hazardous drinking in adolescence and young adulthood as well as opioid use in young adulthood. Additional analyses indicate that FT’s improvements to children’s interpersonal (e.g., prosocial behavior, authority acceptance), intrapersonal (e.g., emotional recognition and regulation, social problem solving), and academic skills in elementary and middle school partially mediate the intervention effect on adolescent and young adult behaviors of despair and self-destruction. FT’s improvements to interpersonal skills emerge as the strongest indirect pathway to reduce these harmful behaviors. This study provides evidence that childhood interventions designed to improve these skills can decrease the behaviors associated with premature mortality.
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Scarinci, Isabel C., i Isabel C. Garcés-Palacio. "Engagement in Tobacco Use Prompting During Childhood or Adolescence and Its Association with Tobacco Use in Adulthood among Colombian Women". Tobacco Use Insights 13 (styczeń 2020): 1179173X2094926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179173x20949265.
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Although most tobacco users initiate this behavior before the age of 18, little is known about engaging in tobacco use prompting behaviors (TPBs) during childhood/adolescence and tobacco use in adulthood, particularly among women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The purpose of this study was to examine engagement in TPBs during childhood or adolescence and tobacco use in adulthood among Colombian women and whether or not current/past tobacco users who were engaged in TPBs during their childhood or adolescence had more odds of engaging other children or adolescents in these behaviors as adults. There were 4262 adult women who were recruited and completed an interviewer-administered survey through a door-to-door approach across the 9 regions of Antioquia, Colombia using a multi-stage probabilistic sampling. TPBs were defined as someone being asked to: (1) empty an ashtray, (2) buy cigarettes, (3) put the cigarette in their mouth and light it, (4) light a cigarette without putting it in their mouth, or (5) smoke with the adult during childhood or adolescence. We conducted bivariate regression logistic models where variables with a P < .25 were included in a parsimonious model. Approximately 40% of participants (41%) reported engaging in TPBs in childhood or adolescence. Buying cigarettes, lighting cigarettes with their mouth, and smoking with an adult were significantly associated with tobacco use in adulthood. Current/past tobacco users who reported being engaged in TPBs during childhood or adolescence (except for smoking with an adult) had higher odds of prompting these behaviors as adults. TPBs during childhood or adolescence are relevant contributors to tobacco use in adulthood among Colombian women.
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Hill, Martha S., Wei-Jun J. Yeung i Greg J. Duncan. "Childhood family structure and young adult behaviors". Journal of Population Economics 14, nr 2 (1.06.2001): 271–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480000039.
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Stolley, Melinda R., Lisa K. Sharp, Christy C. Tangney, Linda A. Schiffer, Claudia Arroyo, Yoonsang Kim, Richard T. Campbell i in. "Health behaviors of minority childhood cancer survivors". Cancer 121, nr 10 (6.01.2015): 1671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.29202.
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Sansone, Randy A., Michael W. Wiederman i Jamie S. McLean. "The Relationship between Childhood Trauma and Medically Self-Sabotaging Behaviors among Psychiatric Inpatients". International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 38, nr 4 (grudzień 2008): 469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pm.38.4.f.
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Objective: This study was designed to explore the relationship between five forms of childhood trauma and medically self-sabotaging behaviors (i.e., the intentional induction, exaggeration, and/or exacerbation of medical symptoms). Method: Using a cross-sectional sample of convenience, 120 psychiatric inpatients were surveyed about childhood sexual, physical, and emotional abuses, the witnessing of violence, and physical neglect, as well as 19 medically self-sabotaging behaviors (i.e., intentional behaviors that represent attempts to sabotage medical care). Results: As expected, in this sample there were high prevalence rates of trauma (62.5% emotional abuse, 58.3% witnessing of violence, 46.7% physical abuse, 37.5% sexual abuse, 28.3% physical neglect). Simple correlations demonstrated statistically significant relationships between sexual abuse and physical neglect and medically self-sabotaging behaviors. Using multiple regression analysis, only physical neglect remained a unique predictor of medically self-sabotaging behaviors. Conclusions: These findings indicate that among psychiatric inpatients there appears to be a relationship between physical neglect in childhood and the generation of medically self-sabotaging behaviors in adulthood. Perhaps physical neglect in childhood contributes to the generation of somatic behaviors in adulthood for the purpose of eliciting caring responses from others.