Artykuły w czasopismach: „Childhood aggression”

1

Wildeboer, Andrea, Sandra Thijssen, Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, Jan van der Ende, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, Frank C. Verhulst, Albert Hofman, Tonya White, Henning Tiemeier i Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg. "Early childhood aggression trajectories". International Journal of Behavioral Development 39, nr 3 (13.01.2015): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025414562239.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

High and stable levels of aggression and the presence of aggressive behaviour in multiple settings according to different informants are risk factors for later problems. However, these two factors have not been investigated in early childhood. The present study investigates trajectories of parent-reported child aggression from 1.5 up to 6 years of age and their association with aggressive behaviour, attention problems and rule-breaking behaviour in a different setting, as reported by the teacher. In a longitudinal population-based cohort study, parent-reported measures of aggressive behaviour were obtained using the CBCL when children were 1.5, 3, and 6 years of age ( n = 4,781). Teacher-reported problem behaviour at school was assessed at age 6.5, using the TRF questionnaire ( n = 2,756). Growth mixture modelling yielded three aggression trajectories, with high increasing (3.0%), intermediate (21.3%), and low decreasing (75.7%) aggression levels. Children in trajectories with higher and increasing levels of aggression showed more teacher-reported aggressive behaviour, attention problems and rule breaking behaviour. However, parent-reported aggression at age six predicted problem behaviour at school to the same extent as did the aggression trajectories, suggesting that the incremental value of trajectories is not always self-evident.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

2

Hart, Jennifer L., i Michelle T. Tannock. "Playful Aggression in Early Childhood Settings". Children Australia 38, nr 3 (16.08.2013): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2013.14.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Aggressive behaviour, more often observed in young boys, is a relatively common factor of sociodramatic play recognised in literature to be beneficial for child development. While educators are often uncomfortable with this form of play, it may be argued that the omission of aggressive play in early childhood programmes fosters the underdevelopment of social, emotional, physical, cognitive and communicative abilities in young children. This is particularly relevant for preschool-aged boys because they engage in aggressive sociodramatic play more often than girls. This article serves to clarify definitions of serious aggression and playful aggression, conceptualise the importance of various forms of sociodramatic play in child development, and provide strategies for educators when confronted with aggressive sociodramatic play in their classrooms.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

3

Fritz, Michael, Franziska Rösel, Hannah Dobler, Judith Streb i Manuela Dudeck. "Childhood Trauma, the Combination of MAO-A and COMT Genetic Polymorphisms and the Joy of Being Aggressive in Forensic Psychiatric Patients". Brain Sciences 11, nr 8 (30.07.2021): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11081008.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Aggression and violent offenses are common amongst forensic psychiatric patients. Notably, research distinguishes two motivationally distinct dimension of aggression–instrumental and reactive aggression. Instrumental aggression comprises of appetitive, goal-directed aggressive acts, whereas reactive aggression consists of affective, defensive violence with both their biological basis remaining largely unknown. Childhood trauma and functional genetic polymorphisms in catecholamines converting enzymes, such as mono-amino-oxidase A (MAO-A) and catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) have been suggested to augment an aggressive behavioral response in adulthood. However, it warrants clarification if these factors influence one or both types of aggression. Furthermore, it remains elusive, if having a combination of unfavorable enzyme genotypes and childhood maltreatment further increases violent behavior. Hence, we set out to address these questions in the current study. First, analysis revealed an overall marginally increased frequency of the unfavorable MAO-A genotype in the test population. Second, each gene polymorphisms together with a traumatic childhood significantly increased the AFAS (Appetitive and Facilitative Aggression Scale) scores for both reactive and appetitive aggression. Third, having a combination of both disadvantageous genotypes and a negative childhood served as a minor positive predictor for increased reactive aggression, but had a strong influence on the joy of being aggressive.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

4

Zalsman, G. "Case presentation on a childhood homicide offender". European Psychiatry 26, S2 (marzec 2011): 2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73778-6.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

A case presentation of a young homicide offender from Israel will be presented. This young man murdered three adults and 500 cats claiming it was part of a Satanist ritual. Psychiatric assessment of him and his family will be presented.The neurobiology of aggression in the young will be briefly discussed. Aggression in adolescents has neurobiological, psychological and social roots. Greater aggression is reported in male KO mice which have increased levels of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine. A mutation in the MAO A gene is associated with impulsive-aggressive behaviour in males while higher MAO A expression appears to protect against the effects of childhood abuse on development of aggressive behaviors or impulsivity in adulthood in males but not females.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

5

Pagani, Linda S., Richard E. Tremblay, Daniel Nagin, Mark Zoccolillo, Frank Vitaro i Pierre McDuff. "Risk factor models for adolescent verbal and physical aggression toward mothers". International Journal of Behavioral Development 28, nr 6 (listopad 2004): 528–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250444000243.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Contributing to the family violence and conflict literature, we examine prospective and concurrent risk factors associated with verbal and physical aggression toward mothers by 15/16 year-old adolescent sons and daughters. Data from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children is used to examine the influence of socioeconomic factors, inherent individual and family environment factors, and prospective and concurrent parenting process factors as predictors of adolescent aggression (in the last 6 months). A childhood behavioural pattern characterised by physical aggression generated the highest risk of adolescent-directed verbal and physical aggression toward mothers. Aggressive parental punishment in the last 6 months significantly predicted aggression toward mothers. A childhood life-course of violence seems to culminate in verbal and physical aggression toward mothers during adolescence. Given this building-up process from childhood, harsh parental punishment of the adolescent seems to only increase the odds of adolescent aggression. No sex differences were observed.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

6

Kováčová, Barbora. "From research: hidden aggressive behaviours of children at pre-school age". Pedagogika. Studia i Rozprawy 29 (2020): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/p.2020.29.14.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The hidden aggression of children at early and preschool age is linked to early childhood problems. Peer-group rejection is associated with a broad range of social and psychological problems related to child development such as difficulties in development of mutual social ties. The study analyses the utterances and responses of pre-school children connected with hidden aggressive behaviour they met in an inclusive kindergarten classes. The results of the research show that beginning of aggressive behaviour is observed in the early childhood groups (latent form of aggression), and later it metamorphoses into direct verbal or physical aggression.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

7

Hart, Jennifer L., i Michael C. Nagel. "Including Playful Aggression in Early Childhood Curriculum and Pedagogy". Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 42, nr 1 (marzec 2017): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.23965/ajec.42.1.05.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

THE APPROPRIATENESS OF YOUNG children's playful aggression within early childhood settings continues to be debated among early childhood professionals. Research suggests that children's play—all types of play—should be the foundation of early childhood practice; however, playful aggression continues to be a neglected aspect of early childhood curricula. While decades of research identify the significant developmental benefits within multiple domains of learning as derived from various aspects of play, strict policies prohibiting playful aggression remain. With a growing number of young children enrolled in preschool programs it is important for educators to provide beneficial and inclusive experiences conducive to fostering optimal development of young children in all learning domains. This article suggests that the intolerance of children's playful aggression may reduce their optimal development; more specifically, their cognitive, social, physical and communicative development may be limited or hindered due to the omission and/or exclusion of playfully aggressive opportunities.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

8

Tremblay, Richard E. "The development of aggressive behaviour during childhood: What have we learned in the past century?" International Journal of Behavioral Development 24, nr 2 (czerwiec 2000): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502500383232.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Research on human aggression has been a flourishing industry in the 20th century. As the attention shifted from an instinctual paradigm to a drive paradigm and a social learning paradigm, what have we learned on the development of aggressive behaviour during childhood? Are children born with an aggressive instinct or do they have to learn to aggress?This question has deep philosophical roots, but it also has important practical implications. Should interventions prevent children from learning to aggress or should they help children learn to inhibit aggressive reactions? Since most of the 20th century work on the development of aggression was concentrated on adolescents and elementary school age children, there appeared to be an implicit assumption that aggression is learned during these developmental periods. It is argued that to understand the origins of aggressive behaviour and prevent chronic cases of physical aggression we will need to focus on the development of aggressive behaviour during the first few years after birth, and differentiate among forms of aggressive behaviour. The form of agressive behaviour that is generally considered more “serious” or “socially unacceptable” (physical aggression) is clearly ontogenetically antecedent to less “serious” forms of aggressive behaviour, such as verbal aggression or indirect aggression. Furthermore, as a rule the frequency of physical aggression appears to decrease with age. However, infants’ physical aggression has generally not been considered developmentally significant. This is probably because of “the weakness of their limbs” and the apparent lack of “intentionality”. To have a relatively complete description of the life-span developmental trajectories of human aggressive behaviour by the end of the 21st century, we will need to start recruiting pregnant women very soon.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

9

Gartstein, Maria A., Robert B. Noll i Kathryn Vannatta. "Childhood Aggression and Chronic Illness". Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 21, nr 3 (maj 2000): 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0193-3973(00)00043-5.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

10

Temcheff, C. E. "Childhood aggression: response to commentary". Canadian Medical Association Journal 183, nr 18 (12.12.2011): 2147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.111-2100.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

11

Porsch, Robert M., Christel M. Middeldorp, Stacey S. Cherny, Eva Krapohl, Catharina E. M. van Beijsterveldt, Anu Loukola, Tellervo Korhonen i in. "Longitudinal heritability of childhood aggression". American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics 171, nr 5 (19.01.2016): 697–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.32420.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

12

Marwick, C. "Childhood aggression needs definition, therapy". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 275, nr 2 (10.01.1996): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.275.2.90.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

13

Marwick, Charles. "Childhood Aggression Needs Definition, Therapy". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 275, nr 2 (10.01.1996): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03530260006002.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

14

Hendricks, Katherine, i Jianghong Liu. "Childbearing Depression and Childhood Aggression". MCN, The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing 37, nr 4 (2012): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmc.0b013e3182482c5e.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

15

Lopez-Castroman, J., I. Jaussent, S. Beziat, S. Guillaume, E. Baca-Garcia, C. Genty, E. Olié i P. Courtet. "Increased severity of suicidal behavior in impulsive aggressive patients exposed to familial adversities". Psychological Medicine 44, nr 14 (26.03.2014): 3059–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714000646.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

BackgroundThe mechanisms by which childhood abuse and family history of suicidal behavior (FHS) lead to an increased risk of suicidal behavior are still unknown. Impulsive aggression may play an intermediate role. We investigated whether greater scores for aggression and impulsivity might be associated with the effects of FHS and/or childhood abuse on the severity of suicidal behavior.MethodWe examined the scores of three scales measuring impulsive aggression in a sample of 696 suicide attempters. We compared the highest and lowest scores with regard to reports of childhood abuse and FHS using adjusted multinomial regression models. Genetic polymorphisms of the serotonergic system known to be associated with impulsive aggression were also analyzed.ResultsPatients with high impulsive aggressive scores showed significant differences in sociodemographic, clinical and suicidal features compared with patients with low impulsive aggressive scores. Adjusted results showed that combinations of some types of childhood abuse and FHS, particularly emotional abuse and emotional neglect, are associated with high impulsivity and hostility scores. The SS genotype of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) was associated with high levels of impulsivity when the subjects reported emotional abuse [odds ratio (OR) 5.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.75–17.5] or physical abuse (OR 5.03, 95% CI 1.50–16.9) in their childhood.ConclusionsOur results support the role of impulsive aggression as one of the links that may connect childhood abuse and FHS with severity of suicidal behavior.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

16

Quigley, Danielle, i Stefania Maggi. "Predicting Substance Use from Childhood Aggression and Prosocial Behaviour". Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 33, nr 3 (1.12.2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2014-011.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This research uses a longitudinal design to examine aggression and prosocial behaviour as early predictors of substance use behaviours in emerging adulthood. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), self- and maternal reports of early engagement in relationally and physically aggressive behaviours and prosocial behaviours are examined as predictors of cigarette smoking, marijuana use, and alcohol use in emerging adulthood. Using multinomial regression analyses we found that maternal reports of relational aggression significantly predicted daily smoking whereas self-reports did not. Maternal reports of relational and physical aggression did not predict alcohol use and marijuana use; however, self-reports of relational aggression and prosocial behaviour predicted weekly marijuana use in this representative Canadian sample.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

17

Malanchini, Margherita, Emily Smith-Woolley, Ziada Ayorech, Kaili Rimfeld, Eva Krapohl, Eero Vuoksimaa, Tellervo Korhonen i in. "Aggressive behaviour in childhood and adolescence: the role of smoking during pregnancy, evidence from four twin cohorts in the EU-ACTION consortium". Psychological Medicine 49, nr 4 (11.06.2018): 646–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291718001344.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

AbstractBackgroundMaternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) has been linked to offspring's externalizing problems. It has been argued that socio-demographic factors (e.g. maternal age and education), co-occurring environmental risk factors, or pleiotropic genetic effects may account for the association between MSDP and later outcomes. This study provides a comprehensive investigation of the association between MSDP and a single harmonized component of externalizing: aggressive behaviour, measured throughout childhood and adolescence.MethodsData came from four prospective twin cohorts – Twins Early Development Study, Netherlands Twin Register, Childhood and Adolescent Twin Study of Sweden, and FinnTwin12 study – who collaborate in the EU-ACTION consortium. Data from 30 708 unrelated individuals were analysed. Based on item level data, a harmonized measure of aggression was created at ages 9–10; 12; 14–15 and 16–18.ResultsMSDP predicted aggression in childhood and adolescence. A meta-analysis across the four samples found the independent effect of MSDP to be 0.4% (r = 0.066), this remained consistent when analyses were performed separately by sex. All other perinatal factors combined explained 1.1% of the variance in aggression across all ages and samples (r = 0.112). Paternal smoking and aggressive parenting strategies did not account for the MSDP-aggression association, consistent with the hypothesis of a small direct link between MSDP and aggression.ConclusionsPerinatal factors, including MSDP, account for a small portion of the variance in aggression in childhood and adolescence. Later experiences may play a greater role in shaping adolescents’ aggressive behaviour.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

18

Chen, P., E. F. Coccaro, R. Lee i K. C. Jacobson. "Moderating effects of childhood maltreatment on associations between social information processing and adult aggression". Psychological Medicine 42, nr 6 (19.10.2011): 1293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711002212.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

BackgroundAssociations between early life maltreatment, social information processing (SIP) and aggression in childhood and adolescence have been widely documented. Few studies have examined the importance of childhood maltreatment independent of SIP in the etiology of adult aggression. Furthermore, moderating effects of childhood maltreatment on the SIP–aggression links have not been explored.MethodHierarchical, multi-level models were fitted to data from n=2752 twins aged 20–55 years from the PennTwins Cohort. Adult aggression was assessed with the Life History of Aggression questionnaire. Childhood maltreatment was measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Two aspects of SIP were examined: hostile attribution biases (HAB); negative emotional responses (NER).ResultsChildhood maltreatment was positively correlated with adult aggression, independently of HAB and NER. In addition, childhood maltreatment moderated the relationships between both aspects of SIP and adult aggression. Specifically, the relationship between NER and aggression was stronger among individuals with higher levels of childhood maltreatment and NER was not associated with aggression for adults who experienced low levels of childhood maltreatment. Moderating effects of childhood maltreatment on the NER–aggression link were supported for total childhood maltreatment, emotional neglect and emotional abuse. In contrast, HAB was more strongly associated with adult aggression at lower levels of emotional abuse and physical neglect.ConclusionsThe current study provides insight into the mechanisms by which early life experiences influence adult aggression. Our findings suggest that childhood maltreatment may not only lead to increased levels of aggression in adulthood but may also modify the associations between SIP and adult aggression.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

19

Holl, Anna Katharina, Fabian Kirsch, Helena Rohlf, Barbara Krahé i Birgit Elsner. "Longitudinal reciprocity between theory of mind and aggression in middle childhood". International Journal of Behavioral Development 42, nr 2 (4.09.2017): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025417727875.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Theory of mind is one of the most important cognitive factors in social information-processing, and deficits in theory of mind have been linked to aggressive behavior in childhood. The present longitudinal study investigated reciprocal links between theory of mind and two forms of aggression – physical and relational – in middle childhood with three data waves over 3 years. Theory of mind was assessed by participants’ responses to cartoons, and physical and relational aggression were assessed through teacher reports in a community sample of 1657 children (mean age at Time 1: 8 years). Structural equation modeling analyses showed that theory of mind was a negative predictor of subsequent physical and relational aggression, both from Time 1 to Time 2 as well as from Time 2 to Time 3. Moreover, relational aggression was a negative predictor of theory of mind from Time 1 to Time 2. There were no significant gender or age differences in the tested pathways. The results suggest that reciprocal and negative longitudinal relations exist between children’s theory of mind and aggressive behavior. Our study extends current knowledge about the development of such relations across middle childhood.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

20

Windle, Rebecca C., i Michael Windle. "Longitudinal patterns of physical aggression: Associations with adult social, psychiatric, and personality functioning and testosterone levels". Development and Psychopathology 7, nr 3 (1995): 563–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400006696.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

AbstractA retrospective longitudinal research design was used to evaluate male adult outcomes associated with four patterns of physical aggression from childhood to adulthood—child-only aggression, child and adult continuity of aggression, adult-onset aggression, and a contrast group with low levels of aggression in childhood and adulthood. The continuity and adult-onset aggression groups had the highest levels of social maladjustment (e.g., marital instability), psychiatric disturbance (e.g., alcohol disorders, major depression), personality dysfunction (e.g., higher prevalence of elevated borderline and narcissistic personality disorder scores), and higher plasma testosterone levels. The child-only aggression group manifested more psychiatric and personality disturbance than the contrast group, but not nearly as much disturbance as the continuity and adult-onset groups. After controlling for age and socioeconomic status (SES) variables, race (White/Black) was typically not a significant predictor of outcome variables. Findings are discussed with regard to life course implications of the physical aggression patterns, and of the support provided for an adult-onset aggressive type.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

21

Dragkioti, E., D. Damigos, V. Mavreas, E. Kotrotsiou i M. Gouva. "Effects of childhood traumatic events in later life hostility". European Psychiatry 26, S2 (marzec 2011): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72902-9.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

IntroductionInterpersonal childhood traumas have been linked empirically with adults’ reports of a wide range of symptoms.ObjectiveThis study tested the association between childhood trauma and adult hostility.AimThe aim was to investigate the impact of childhood trauma on hostility and aggression among individuals who had been exposed to childhood traumatic life events.Method595 community individuals participated to the present study (164 men - 431 women, mean age 34, SD = 12, ranged 18–75). Subjects were classified into two groups — trauma and no-trauma — based on their personal statements of experienced negative life events (300 and 295 individuals respectively). In all individuals, the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ) and the Aggression subscale of The Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) were administered.ResultsHigher levels of hostile and aggressive attitude were observed among participants who had reported exposition to a traumatic event during childhood. In specific, the trauma group reported marginally higher levels of aggressive behavior (p = .041) as measured by aggression SCL-90-R. Significantly differences between groups were observed on paranoid hostility (p = .006), self criticism (p = .011), Guilt (p = .011), intropunitiveness (p = .007) and on total score of hostility (p = .040). Finally, logistic regression revealed that, participants who had experienced childhood trauma had a higher risk of overall hostility (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = .89–.99).ConclusionHigh levels of hostility may reflect difficulties in interpersonal relationships. Our findings illuminate the effect of early traumatic experiences in developing these hostile and aggressive attitudes in adulthood.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

22

Andreas, Jasmina Burdzovic, i Malcolm W. Watson. "Moderating effects of family environment on the association between children's aggressive beliefs and their aggression trajectories from childhood to adolescence". Development and Psychopathology 21, nr 1 (styczeń 2009): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579409000121.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

AbstractThis study explored how children's aggressive beliefs and their family environments combine to influence the development of child aggression from middle childhood into adolescence. We utilized a “variable-centered” empirical approach, specifically examining whether children's aggressive beliefs represent a risk factor for their aggressive behaviors and whether this risk can be moderated by children's family environment. These questions were tested with individual growth modeling, using the data from a community-representative sample of 440 mother–child dyads, interviewed four times over a 6-year study period. The accelerated longitudinal design of the study enabled examination of children's aggression trajectories from age 7 to age 19. The results supported the hypothesis that elevated aggressive beliefs in children represent a risk factor for aggression, as higher aggressive beliefs were associated with greater aggression at the youngest age, as well as with increased aggression over time. However, as hypothesized, family environment moderated this association, such that changes in children's aggression over time were contingent upon the interaction of their aggressive beliefs with family environment. Specifically, aggression was reduced in children with high aggressive beliefs if they experienced better than average family environment, which included less family conflict and more family cohesion.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

23

Murray, Aja Louise, Ingrid Obsuth, Jan Zirk-Sadowski, Denis Ribeaud i Manuel Eisner. "Developmental Relations Between ADHD Symptoms and Reactive Versus Proactive Aggression Across Childhood and Adolescence". Journal of Attention Disorders 24, nr 12 (1.09.2016): 1701–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054716666323.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Objective: Past research has provided some preliminary evidence that ADHD and reactive aggression have overlapping neurocognitive bases. Based on this, we tested the hypothesis that ADHD symptoms are closely coupled in developmental terms with reactive aggression, more so than with proactive aggression with which it has been postulated to be only indirectly linked. Method: We used latent growth curve analysis to estimate the developmental relations between ADHD symptoms and subtypes of aggressive behavior in a normative sample of 1,571 youth (761 female, 810 male) measured from ages 7 to 15. Results: Individual ADHD trajectories were significantly and substantially correlated with individual trajectories in both aggressive subtypes; however, consistent with our hypothesis, the relation with reactive aggression was significantly stronger. Conclusion: Our study provides some of the first evidence for a differential relation between ADHD symptoms and aggression subtypes not only cross-sectionally but also in terms of their longitudinal developmental trajectories.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

24

Sarchiapone, M., I. Jaussent, A. Roy, V. Carli, S. Guillaume, F. Jollant, A. Malafosse i P. Courtet. "Childhood trauma as a correlative factor of suicidal behavior – via aggression traits. Similar results in an Italian and in a French sample". European Psychiatry 24, nr 1 (2009): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.07.005.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

AbstractBackground and objectiveChildhood trauma and aggressive traits are considered risk factors for suicidal behavior. The hypothesis we aimed to test in this study was the existence of an association between childhood trauma and aggression in two distinct samples of Italian and French suicide attempters.MethodStudy participants comprise 587 subjects with different psychiatric diagnoses according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Three different samples were analyzed and compared: a group of French suicide attempters (N = 396; mean age 40.47 SD = 13.52; M/F: 110/286); a group of Italian suicide attempters (N = 103; mean age 38.60 SD = 12.04; M/F 27/76) and an Italian psychiatric comparison group (N = 88; mean age: 41.49 SD = 12.05; M/F; 37/51). Patients were interviewed with the Brown–Goodwin Assessment for Lifetime History of Aggression (BGLHA) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) 34-items for Italian data and 28-items for French data.ResultsWhen compared with the comparison group, Italian suicide attempters had significantly higher scores on the BGLHA scale and reported higher scores on the CTQ scores for physical abuse, sexual abuse and emotional abuse. Significant correlations between childhood trauma and aggression were found in both groups, Italian and French, of suicide attempters.ConclusionThe hypothesis tested was supported as psychiatric patients who had attempted suicide reported significantly more childhood trauma and aggression. Significant correlations were found between aggressive behavior, and childhood trauma in suicidal patients. This finding was replicated in two independently recruited samples in two countries with different prevalence of suicidal behavior.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

25

Rice, Timothy R., i Leo Sher. "Testosterone, emotion regulation and childhood aggression". Neuropsychiatry 3, nr 3 (czerwiec 2013): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/npy.13.26.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

26

PODOLSKI, CHERYL-LYNN, i L. ROWELL HUESMANN. "Outcomes of Childhood Aggression in Women". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 794, nr 1 Understanding (wrzesień 1996): 394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb32553.x.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

27

Beitchman, J. H., H. M. Mik, S. Ehtesham, L. Douglas i J. L. Kennedy. "MAOA and persistent, pervasive childhood aggression". Molecular Psychiatry 9, nr 6 (16.03.2004): 546–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001492.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

28

Norton-Baker, Mara, Jenna M. Wolff, Tyler W. Kolander, Matthew Evans i Alan R. King. "Childhood Sexual Abuse and Lifetime Aggression". Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 28, nr 6 (10.06.2019): 690–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2019.1607963.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

29

Mathis, Gloria, i Charles Mueller. "Childhood Sibling Aggression and Emotional Difficulties and Aggressive Behavior in Adulthood". Journal of Family Violence 30, nr 3 (26.02.2015): 315–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-015-9670-5.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

30

Granic, Isabela. "The role of anxiety in the development, maintenance, and treatment of childhood aggression". Development and Psychopathology 26, nr 4pt2 (listopad 2014): 1515–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579414001175.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

AbstractThe majority of aggressive children exhibit symptoms of anxiety, yet none of our developmental models of aggression incorporate the role of anxiety, and our treatments ignore this comorbidity. This article outlines a novel theoretical model that specifies three hypotheses about comorbid anxious and aggressive children: (a) unpredictable parenting induces anxiety in children that in turn triggers aggressive behavior; (b) prolonged periods of anxiety deplete children's capacity to inhibit impulses and trigger bouts of aggression, and aggression in turn functions to regulate levels of anxiety; and (c) minor daily stressors give rise to anxiety while cognitive perseveration maintains anxious moods, increasingly disposing children to aggress. Little or no research has directly tested these hypotheses. Extant research and theory consistent with these claims are herein reviewed, and future research designs that can test them specifically are suggested. The clinical implications most relevant to the hypotheses are discussed, and to improve the efficacy of treatments for childhood aggression, it is proposed that anxiety may need to be the primary target of treatment.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

31

Li, Qingqing, Mingyue Xiao, Shiqing Song, Yufei Huang, Ximei Chen, Yong Liu i Hong Chen. "The personality dispositions and resting-state neural correlates associated with aggressive children". Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 15, nr 9 (wrzesień 2020): 1004–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa134.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Abstract Despite aggression being detrimental to children’s physical health, mental health and social development, the dispositional and neurological antecedents of aggression in the child are poorly understood. Here we examined the relationship between trait aggression as measured by Buss and Warren’s Aggression Questionnaire and personality traits measured with Big Five Questionnaire for Children in 77 primary-school children and recorded resting-state brain activity (fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations [fALFF]) and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) using functional magnetic resonance imaging. The present results showed that trait aggression was negatively correlated with agreeableness and positively correlated with neuroticism. The brain analyses showed that children with a higher propensity for aggression had a lower fALFF mainly in the left superior temporal gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus and left supramarginal gyrus. Physical and total aggressions were negatively associated with rsFC between the right parahippocampal gyrus and the right putamen. Further analysis revealed that this rsFC could moderate the influence of neuroticism on total aggression. Moreover, the results suggest the presence of a sex difference in the neurodevelopmental mechanisms underlying aggression in middle childhood. Overall, our findings indicate that aggressive children have lower agreeableness and higher neuroticism, and the underlying neural systems are mainly implicated in social judgment and empathy.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

32

Chukhrii, Inna, Anna Zaplatynska, Tetiana Komar, Yuliia Melnyk, Nina Liesnichenko i Liliia Nemash. "Neuropsychological Approach to the Problem of Aggressive Manifestations of Personality". BRAIN. BROAD RESEARCH IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 12, nr 3 (23.08.2021): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/brain/12.3/217.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The article presents a neuropsychological analysis of aggressive manifestations of normal personality and aggression of persons with brain dysfunction. Theoretical analysis of foreign and domestic works on neuropsychological correction of aggressive behavior is carried out. The neuropsychological program on correctional and prophylactic work for persons with affective-personal disorders is offered, considering the peculiarities of determination of aggressive manifestations of personality. The essence of the concept of "aggression" is specified. The types and functions of aggression of personality of different nature are considered: positive, ambivalent, negative. The neuropsychological causes of aggression in connection with the conditionality of aggression by situational and individual and psychological personal factors according to the scheme "personality - aggressive reaction - situation - neuropsychological factor" are clarified. The multifactorial (combination of neuropsychological and social conditions of a formation of aggression) genesis of aggressive behavior in personality disorders, the basis of which is the destructive level of anxiety, which originates from childhood, is analyzed. The integration of neuropsychological and socio-psychological approaches to the study of the problem of aggression is presented.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

33

Kennedy-Turner, Kathleen, Lisa A. Serbin, Dale M. Stack, Daniel J. Dickson, Jane E. Ledingham i Alex E. Schwartzman. "Prevention of Criminal Offending: The Intervening and Protective Effects of Education for Aggressive Youth". British Journal of Criminology 60, nr 3 (6.08.2019): 537–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azz053.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Abstract Children from poor neighbourhoods showing early aggressive behaviour are at risk for criminal offending. The role of education as a mediator, neighbourhood disadvantage and aggression as moderators for criminal offending were examined in a lower-income, community sample (n = 3,521; 48% males), across a 40-year period from childhood to mid-adulthood. Educational attainment accounted for 15–59% of the effect from childhood risk factors. Aggression was found to be a moderator such that aggressive children with low education had the highest odds of criminal offending. A protective effect was found where aggressive children who managed to obtain more education had reduced odds of offending. Research conceptualizing education as a ‘control’ variable does not address its role in the processes leading to criminal offending.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

34

Coie, John, Robert Terry, Kari Lenox, John Lochman i Clarine Hyman. "Childhood peer rejection and aggression as predictors of stable patterns of adolescent disorder". Development and Psychopathology 7, nr 4 (1995): 697–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400006799.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

AbstractThe significance of childhood peer rejection and aggression as predictors of adolescent disorder was tested on 1147 children who were followed longitudinally from Grade 3 through Grade 10. Growth curve analyses of parent- and self-reported problems suggested that boys who were both aggressive and rejected in third grade had profiles of increasingly severe internalizing and externalizing problems across three assessment points in adolescence. Other groups showed either decreasing symptom patterns from Grade 6 to 10 or had consistently lower problem profiles. The longitudinal patterns were more complex for the girls. Childhood peer rejection was the only predictor of stable disorder as reported by parents, whereas self-reported externalizing problems were best predicted by childhood aggression.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

35

WATSON, MALCOLM, KURT FISCHER, JASMINA BURDZOVIC ANDREAS i KEVIN SMITH. "Pathways to Aggression in Children and Adolescents". Harvard Educational Review 74, nr 4 (1.12.2004): 404–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.74.4.h3771xn5524082q0.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

In this article, Malcolm Watson, Kurt Fischer, Jasmina Burdzovic Andreas, and Kevin Smith describe and compare two approaches to assessing risk factors that lead to aggression in children. The first, the severe risks approach, focuses on how risk factors form a pathway that leads to aggressive behavior. Within this approach, an inhibited victim-aggressor pattern is hypothesized in which children who share certain characteristics — including high-conflict, low-cohesive families, high levels of harsh parental discipline, high levels of victimization by peers, and high behavioral inhibition — are at risk for developing defensive, reactive aggressive behaviors. The second, the cumulative effects approach, focuses on the accumulated effects of multiple risk factors in leading to aggressive behavior, irrespective of the particular risk factors involved. The authors assess both patterns longitudinally in a community-based sample that includes children from middle childhood to adolescence. They find strong evidence for both pathways.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

36

Swan, Suzanne C., Laura J. Gambone, Alice M. Fields, Tami P. Sullivan i David L. Snow. "Women Who Use Violence in Intimate Relationships: The Role of Anger, Victimization, and Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress and Depression". Violence and Victims 20, nr 3 (czerwiec 2005): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.20.3.267.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The present study examines the role of anger and victimization in women’s use of aggression in heterosexual intimate relationships. The sample was composed of 108 women, primarily African American, urban, and poor, who had used violence against a partner in the previous 6 months. Path modeling was used to examine the interrelationships among anger, women’s aggressive behavior, victimization, childhood abuse experiences, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression. Results revealed that almost all of the women experienced violence from their partners. Greater frequency of victimization from partners and experiences of childhood abuse increased the likelihood that women would use aggression against their partners. Victimization from partners and childhood abuse also increased the likelihood that women would experience symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression. Women with more symptoms of posttraumatic stress were also more likely to express anger outwardly towards others. Expressing anger outwardly toward others, in turn, predicted an increased likelihood of using aggression against partners.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

37

Walters, Glenn D., i Dorothy L. Espelage. "Cognitive Impulsivity as a Mediator of the Parental Knowledge-Childhood Aggression Relationship". Journal of Early Adolescence 41, nr 8 (4.01.2021): 1255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431620983447.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

In a previous study, reactive criminal thinking or cognitive impulsivity mediated the relationship between parental knowledge and delinquency. This study sought to determine whether cognitive impulsivity also mediated the relationship between parental knowledge and childhood aggression. A path analysis was performed on a sample of 438 early adolescent boys ( n = 206) and girls ( n = 232) from the Illinois Study of Bullying and Sexual Violence using three waves of non-overlapping data. As predicted, cognitive impulsivity mediated the relationship between parental knowledge and childhood aggression, but cognitive insensitivity did not. The results of this study provide ongoing support for the general conceptual argument that childhood aggression parallels delinquency in certain respects and that parental knowledge deters both future delinquency and childhood aggression by reducing the cognitive impulsivity that is central to the behavioral patterns of delinquency and childhood aggression.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

38

Tzang, Ruu-Fen, Yue-Cune Chang i Chuan-Hsin Chang. "Structural Equation Modeling (SEM): Childhood Aggression and Irritable ADHD Associated with Parental Psychiatric Symptoms". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 19 (25.09.2021): 10068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910068.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Background: Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) co-occurring with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) further present aggressive behavior and may have a depressive parent. A child with co-occurring ADHD and ODD has differentially higher levels of behavioral and emotional difficulties. Little is known about how the irritable subtype of ADHD in children mediates the development of parental symptomatology. This study aims to elucidate the direct or indirect influence of childhood disruptive ADHD with aggressive behavior on their parental symptom using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Methods: A total of 231 ADHD children and their parents completed the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Version IV questionnaire for symptoms of ADHD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) scale for irritable symptoms, Child Behavior Check List (CBCL) for aggression, and Symptom Checklist (SCL) for parental symptom. Results: The three-factor confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model found symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, irritable ODD, and aggression were inter-related. Mediational analyses demonstrated ODD mediates symptoms directly predicting the risk of increasing ADHD severity. Disruptive child symptoms (ADHD + ODD + aggression) may increase the risk of depression-related symptoms in the parent. When the child’s aggression increases by one standard deviation (SD), parental psychiatric symptoms increase by 0.235 SD (p < 0.001). Conclusions: By this SEM pathway analysis, there is the correlation between the disruptive, more aggressive subtype of ADHD in children/adolescents and the existence of psychopathological symptomatology of their parents. ADHD + ODD + aggression in children should be classified as an irritable subtype of ADHD, warranting early diagnosis and intensive treatment.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

39

Sandstrom, Marlene J., i Rachel Jordan. "Defensive self-esteem and aggression in childhood". Journal of Research in Personality 42, nr 2 (kwiecień 2008): 506–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2007.07.008.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

40

Ramirez, J. Martin. "Hormones and aggression in childhood and adolescence". Aggression and Violent Behavior 8, nr 6 (listopad 2003): 621–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-1789(02)00102-7.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

41

Bassarath, Lindley. "Medication Strategies in Childhood Aggression: A Review". Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 48, nr 6 (lipiec 2003): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370304800602.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Objective: To review studies of psychopharmacological management of aggression in common childhood psychiatric disorders. Method: Using OVID software, we searched Medline for studies that were undertaken in the last 30 years. Controlled and uncontrolled data are summarized for each condition. Results: A paucity of evidence-based information currently exists. Even so, specific indications from the existing literature can be suggested for several classes of psychotropics, particularly in conduct disorder (CD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mood disorders, and other conditions. Conclusions: Clinicians can use findings from reviewed controlled and, where necessary, uncontrolled studies to inform pharmacologic practice. This review offers suggestions for future research directions that will aid clinical practice.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

42

Aman, Michael G. "Treatment of Severe Childhood Aggression (TOSCA) Studies". Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology 25, nr 3 (kwiecień 2015): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.2015.2532.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

43

Mik, Helene M., Sahar Ehtesham, Lidia Baldassarra, Vincenzo De Luca, Kristen Davidge, Danielle Bender, Subi Tharmalingam, James L. Kennedy i Joseph H. Beitchman. "Serotonin system genes and childhood-onset aggression". Psychiatric Genetics 17, nr 1 (luty 2007): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ypg.0b013e3280114103.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

44

Potegal, Michael, i John Archer. "Sex differences in childhood anger and aggression". Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 13, nr 3 (lipiec 2004): 513–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2004.02.004.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

45

Bellair, Paul E., Thomas L. McNulty i Alex R. Piquero. "Persistent material hardship and childhood physical aggression". Aggression and Violent Behavior 49 (listopad 2019): 101309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2019.07.004.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

46

Röll, Judith, Ute Koglin i Franz Petermann. "Emotion Regulation and Childhood Aggression: Longitudinal Associations". Child Psychiatry & Human Development 43, nr 6 (17.04.2012): 909–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-012-0303-4.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

47

Kotch, J. B., T. Lewis, J. M. Hussey, D. English, R. Thompson, A. J. Litrownik, D. K. Runyan, S. I. Bangdiwala, B. Margolis i H. Dubowitz. "Importance of Early Neglect for Childhood Aggression". PEDIATRICS 121, nr 4 (1.04.2008): 725–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-3622.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

48

Achterberg, Michelle, Anna C. K. van Duijvenvoorde, Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg i Eveline A. Crone. "Longitudinal changes in DLPFC activation during childhood are related to decreased aggression following social rejection". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, nr 15 (31.03.2020): 8602–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1915124117.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Regulating aggression after social feedback is an important prerequisite for developing and maintaining social relations, especially in the current times with larger emphasis on online social evaluation. Studies in adults highlighted the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in regulating aggression. Little is known about the development of aggression regulation following social feedback during childhood, while this is an important period for both brain maturation and social relations. The current study used a longitudinal design, with 456 twins undergoing two functional MRI sessions across the transition from middle (7 to 9 y) to late (9 to 11 y) childhood. Aggression regulation was studied using the Social Network Aggression Task. Behavioral aggression after social evaluation decreased over time, whereas activation in the insula, dorsomedial PFC and DLPFC increased over time. Brain–behavior analyses showed that increased DLPFC activation after negative feedback was associated with decreased aggression. Change analyses further revealed that children with larger increases in DLPFC activity from middle to late childhood showed stronger decreases in aggression over time. These findings provide insights into the development of social evaluation sensitivity and aggression control in childhood.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

49

Monks, Claire P., Peter K. Smith i Kat Kucaba. "Peer Victimisation in Early Childhood; Observations of Participant Roles and Sex Differences". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 2 (7.01.2021): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020415.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

During middle childhood and adolescence, victimisation appears to be a group process involving different participant roles. However, peer reports with younger children (four to six years old) have failed to identify the participant roles of assistant (to the bully) reinforcers or defenders with much reliability. This may be because peer victimisation is a more dyadic process among younger children (behavioural reality), or because of limitations in young children’s cognitive capacity to identify these behaviours (cognitive limitations). The findings of an observational study which examined the group nature of peer victimisation among young children are presented. Observations were made of 56 children aged four and five years using time sampling during free play at school (totalling 43.5 h of observation). Records were made of their behaviour when an onlooker witnessed aggression by others, and also of others’ behaviour when they were being aggressive or being victimised. Although children other than the aggressor and target were present in nearly two thirds of the episodes of peer victimisation observed, few exhibited behavioural responses in line with the assistant, reinforcer or defender roles. This supports the behavioural reality rather than the cognitive limitations explanation. Sex differences were observed in types of aggression displayed by children, with boys more likely than girls to be physically aggressive. Children were less likely to be aggressive to other-sex peers and were most likely to be victimised by children of the same sex as them. There were also sex differences in children’s onlooker behaviour. The implications for our understanding of the development of peer victimisation and bullying in children are discussed.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

50

Monks, Claire P., Peter K. Smith i Kat Kucaba. "Peer Victimisation in Early Childhood; Observations of Participant Roles and Sex Differences". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 2 (7.01.2021): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020415.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

During middle childhood and adolescence, victimisation appears to be a group process involving different participant roles. However, peer reports with younger children (four to six years old) have failed to identify the participant roles of assistant (to the bully) reinforcers or defenders with much reliability. This may be because peer victimisation is a more dyadic process among younger children (behavioural reality), or because of limitations in young children’s cognitive capacity to identify these behaviours (cognitive limitations). The findings of an observational study which examined the group nature of peer victimisation among young children are presented. Observations were made of 56 children aged four and five years using time sampling during free play at school (totalling 43.5 h of observation). Records were made of their behaviour when an onlooker witnessed aggression by others, and also of others’ behaviour when they were being aggressive or being victimised. Although children other than the aggressor and target were present in nearly two thirds of the episodes of peer victimisation observed, few exhibited behavioural responses in line with the assistant, reinforcer or defender roles. This supports the behavioural reality rather than the cognitive limitations explanation. Sex differences were observed in types of aggression displayed by children, with boys more likely than girls to be physically aggressive. Children were less likely to be aggressive to other-sex peers and were most likely to be victimised by children of the same sex as them. There were also sex differences in children’s onlooker behaviour. The implications for our understanding of the development of peer victimisation and bullying in children are discussed.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Childhood aggression”

Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych