Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Chick embryo

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Chick embryo”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 1 sierpnia 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Chick embryo"

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Janikovičová, L., Z. Demčišáková, L. Luptáková i Petrovová E. "Pre-Incubation and its Effect on the Development and Malformations of The Chick Embryo". Folia Veterinaria 63, nr 1 (1.03.2019): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2019-0004.

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Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of eggs stored with and without pre-incubation on chick embryos with emphasis on: embryo body, heart weight, malformations, and mortality. For this study, a total of 120 chick embryos were divided into three groups, based on the length of storage before hatching (3, 7 and 10 days). Observations of the weight of chick embryo bodies, chick embryo hearts, and the level of mortality and appearance of malformations were noted. With an increase in days stored, the chick embryo’s weight decreased. The pre-incubation period had a positive effect on the weight of chick embryo, and chick hearts. Malformations, including: hydrocephalus, open body cavity and underdeveloped wings, were observed in all three groups, with the highest proportion seen in the pre-incubated hatching eggs stored for 10 days; this group also displayed the highest level of mortality. Non-pre-incubated eggs showed the most promise with better results in all experimental groups. In conclusion, the research suggests the optimal storage for chick embryos to be 3 days, with lowest levels of mortality, malformations and limited effects on the body and heart weight.
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Jiao, Xinghui, Ling Wang, Xiaojuan Liu, Yizhong Zhang, Yihua Zheng, Shuo Chen, Shuyang Shi i Pan Ding. "Research on Non-destructive Identification of Chick Embryo Gender Based on Deep Learning". Journal of Big Data and Computing 2, nr 1 (marzec 2024): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.62517/jbdc.202401112.

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In the chick hatching industry, a common practice is to directly eliminate male chicks after hatching. However, this practice results in significant resource wastage. Timely detection of embryo gender and selection of male embryos are of great significance for reducing resource wastage and improving economic benefits. To address the serious lack of gender identification technology during chick hatching, this paper proposes a non-destructive identification method for chick embryos based on deep learning. We use the PyTorch framework to build a deep learning model and divide the dataset into 80% training set and 20% validation set for model training and validation. Experimental results show that our proposed model achieves an accuracy of 72.5% on the validation set. This study not only solves key technical problems for non-destructive identification of chick embryo gender but also provides new research ideas for precise gender identification of other oviparous species, promoting the intelligent development of production and breeding industries.
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McIlwaine, Kerry, Christopher J. Law, Ken Lemon, Irene R. Grant i Victoria J. Smyth. "A Review of the Emerging White Chick Hatchery Disease". Viruses 13, nr 12 (4.12.2021): 2435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13122435.

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White chick hatchery disease is an emerging disease of broiler chicks with which the virus, chicken astrovirus, has been associated. Adult birds typically show no obvious clinical signs of infection, although some broiler breeder flocks have experienced slight egg drops. Substantial decreases in hatching are experienced over a two-week period, with an increase in mid-to-late embryo deaths, chicks too weak to hatch and pale, runted chicks with high mortality. Chicken astrovirus is an enteric virus, and strains are typically transmitted horizontally within flocks via the faecal–oral route; however, dead-in-shell embryos and weak, pale hatchlings indicate vertical transmission of the strains associated with white chick hatchery disease. Hatch levels are typically restored after two weeks when seroconversion of the hens to chicken astrovirus has occurred. Currently, there are no commercial vaccines available for the virus; therefore, the only means of protection is by good levels of biosecurity. This review aims to outline the current understanding regarding white chick hatchery disease in broiler chick flocks suffering from severe early mortality and increased embryo death in countries worldwide.
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Aoyama, H., K. Asamoto, Y. Nojyo i M. Kinutani. "Monoclonal antibodies specific to quail embryo tissues: their epitopes in the developing quail embryo and their application to identification of quail cells in quail-chick chimeras." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 40, nr 11 (listopad 1992): 1769–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/40.11.1385517.

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Quail-chick chimeras have been used extensively in the field of developmental biology. To detect quail cells more easily and to detect cellular processes of quail cells in quail-chick chimeras, we generated four monoclonal antibodies (MAb) specific to some quail tissues. MAb QCR1 recognizes blood vessels, blood cells, and cartilage cells, MAb QB1 recognizes quail blood vessels and blood cells, and MAb QB2 recognizes quail blood vessels, blood cells, and mesenchymal tissues. These antibodies bound to those tissues in 3-9-day quail embryos and did not bind to any tissues of 3-9-day chick embryos. MAb QSC1 is specific to the ventral half of spinal cord and thymus in 9-day quail embryo. No tissue in 9-day chick embryo reacted with this MAb. This antibody binds transiently to a small number of brain vesicle cells in developing chick embryo as well as in quail embryo. A preliminary application of two of these MAb, QCR1 and QSC1, on quail-chick chimeras of neural tube and somites is reported here.
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Pawlak, K., i J. Niedzióka. "Non-invasive measurement of chick embryo cardiac work". Czech Journal of Animal Science 49, No. 1 (11.12.2011): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4265-cjas.

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This study used a non-invasive method of ballistocardiography to investigate cardiac work of chick embryos. In this method, an eggshell with electric charges on it is one capacitor plate, the other being a receiving antenna of the measuring equipment. Chick embryo cardiac work induces micro-movements of the whole egg, resulting in changes in the distances between the plates and thus in the difference of potentials between the shell and the receiving antenna. This is registered by the measuring equipment. The first single signals of cardiac work were registered on day 7 of incubation. Starting from day 9, the signal was recorded from all embryos. During the study, the heart rate decreased from 248 to 161 beats per minute and signal amplitude was found to steadily increase from 6.3 to 432.7 mV/m. Great disturbances in ballistocardiograms were observed on days preceding embryonic deaths.  
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Storey, Kate. "The chick embryo revealed". Trends in Genetics 14, nr 5 (maj 1998): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9525(98)01397-3.

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Sinclair, P., J. Frezza, J. Sinclair, W. Bement, S. Haugen, J. Healey i H. Bonkovsky. "Immunochemical detection of different isoenzymes of cytochrome P-450 induced in chick hepatocyte cultures". Biochemical Journal 258, nr 1 (15.02.1989): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2580237.

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This study investigated whether the same cytochrome P-450 (P-450) isoenzymes were inducible in cultures of chick-embryo hepatocytes as in the liver of chicken embryos. We purified two isoenzymes of cytochrome P-450 from the livers of 17-day-old-chick embryos: one of molecular mass approx. 50 kDa induced in vivo by the phenobarbital-like inducer glutethimide, and the second of approx. 57 kDa induced by 3-methylcholanthrene. Rabbit antiserum against the 50 kDa protein inhibited benzphetamine demethylase activity in hepatic microsomes (microsomal fractions) from glutethimide-treated chick embryo. Antiserum to the 57 kDa protein inhibited ethoxyresorufin de-ethylase activity in hepatic microsomes from methylcholanthrene-treated chick embryo. Cultured chick hepatocytes were treated with chemicals known to induce isoenzymes of P-450 in rodent liver. The induced P-450s were quantified spectrophotometrically and characterized by immunoblotting and enzyme assays. From these studies, chemical inducers were classified into three groups: (i) chemicals that induced a P-450 isoenzyme of 50 kDa and increased benzphetamine demethylase activity: glutethimide, phenobarbital, metyrapone, mephenytoin, ethanol, isopentanol, isobutanol, lindane, lysodren; (ii) chemicals that induced a P-450 isoenzyme of 57 kDa and increased ethoxyresorufin de-ethylase activity: 3-methylcholanthrene and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl; and (iii) the mono-alpha-substituted 2,3',4,4',5-pentabromobiphenyl, which induced both proteins and both activities. The immunochemical data showed that chick-embryo hepatocytes in culture retain the inducibility of glutethimide- and methylcholanthrene-induced isoenzymes of P-450 that are inducible in the liver of the chicken embryo.
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Rzhepakovsky, Igor, Sergei Piskov, Svetlana Avanesyan, Magomed Shakhbanov, Marina Sizonenko, Lyudmila Timchenko, Mohammad Ali Shariati, Maksim Rebezov i Andrey Nagdalian. "High-Performance Microcomputing Tomography of Chick Embryo in the Early Stages of Embryogenesis". Applied Sciences 13, nr 19 (25.09.2023): 10642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131910642.

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X-ray contrast techniques were tested on the chick embryos in early periods of embryogenesis. For contrast stain, reagents with radiopacity in various concentrations were used: silver proteinate, eosin, Lugol’s solution (I2KI), phosphomolybdic acid and phosphotungstic acid under heating at 25 °C and 40 °C and exposure for 24 and 48 h. The use of silver proteinate, eosin and I2KI in various concentrations in the contrast of the chick embryo in the early period of embryogenesis did not make it possible to obtain microtomographic results that provide reliable microstructural analysis. The most optimal and effective method of embryo staining at the HH22–HH34 embryonic stages reliably determined the staining of 1% phosphotungstic acid at 40 °C heating and exposure for 24 h. Taking into account the size of the chick embryos and their structures at the HH22–HH34 embryonic stages, the features of the development, location of organs, and the minimum permissible parameters of microtomography for obtaining high-quality and reliable results were determined by the isometric spatial resolution of 8.87 μm, X-ray voltage 50 kV, X-ray current 500 μA, and the use of filters started from Al 0.5 mm. Microtomographic results were obtained, characterized by the appearance of the chick embryo at the HH22–HH34 embryonic stages, and they visualized the locations and structures of the chick embryo organs and provided calculation of their volume and X-ray density. The results of the work open up significant prospects for using the chick embryo at the early embryonic period of embryogenesis as an alternative model for screening teratogenicity.
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Fioranelli, Massimo, Alireza Sepehri, Maria Grazia Roccia, Cota Linda, Chiara Rossi, Amos Dawod, Petar Vojvodic i in. "Recovery of Brain in Chick Embryos by Growing Second Heart and Brain". Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, nr 18 (30.08.2019): 3085–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.777.

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To recover chick embryos damaged the brain, two methods are presented. In both of them, somatic cells of an embryo introduced into an egg cell and an embryo have emerged. In one method, injured a part of the brain in the head of an embryo is replaced with a healthy part of the brain. In the second method, the heart of brain embryo dead is transplanted with the embryo heart. In this mechanism, new blood cells are emerged in the bone marrow and transmit information of transplantation to subventricular zone (SVZ) of the brain through the circulatory system. Then, SVZ produces new neural stem cells by a subsequent dividing into neurons. These neurons produce new neural circuits within the brain and recover the injured brain. To examine the model, two hearts of two embryos are connected, and their effects on neural circuits are observed.
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Lourens, A. "Embryo Development and Chick Temperature". Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews 15, nr 3 (30.08.2004): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/147020604783637912.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Chick embryo"

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Hatada, Yohko. "Axis formation in the chick embryo". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260737.

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Darby, N. "Chick embryo hepatic microsomal P-450 system". Thesis, University of Kent, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.353994.

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Al-Thani, Rawda. "Primordial germ cells of the chick embryo". Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315524.

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Warrilow, Joanne Maria. "Branchiomotor neuron development in the chick embryo". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264339.

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Golde, Jolanda Maria Clara Guiliaume van. "Chick embryo as a model in fetal physiology". [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1999. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=8570.

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Menna, Tara Marisa. "The regulation of breathing in the chick embryo /". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33811.

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From the onset of internal pipping (i.e. embryonal breathing of air cell gas) until hatching, the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and the lungs work simultaneously to serve the metabolic needs of the embryo. (1) The carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange rates (V̊O2 and V̊CO2) through the lungs and the CAM were separately, but simultaneously, measured during the last two days of incubation (day 20--21), while ventilation (V̊E) was calculated from the measurements of pressure oscillations in the air cell. When the embryo's total metabolic rate was increased, V̊E was linearly proportional to lung V̊O2 and V̊CO2 and not to the embryo's total metabolic rate. (2) Tracheal pressure and changes in lung volume were quantified through mechanical ventilation of the embryo. The curled up posture of the embryo, the eggshell and its membranes did not represent a significant mechanical constraint to V̊E. (3) V̊E, lung V̊O2 and V̊CO 2 were measured while the CAM compartment was exposed to either 10% O2, 100% O2 or 5% CO2. Total V̊O2 was also measured under these conditions. There is a clear V̊E-sensitivity to CO2 and a rather weak V̊E-sensitivity to changes in arterial oxygenation present at this stage of development.
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Lim, Tit Meng. "Segmentation in the nervous system of the chick embryo". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329053.

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Selleck, Mark Anthony James. "Hensen's node and cell commitment in the chick embryo". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293410.

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Akbareian, Sophie Essmat. "The development of the cranial foramina in the chick embryo". Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522151.

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Xu, Hong. "Development of the maxillomandibular trigeminal placode in the chick embryo". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612197.

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Książki na temat "Chick embryo"

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Bellairs, Ruth. The atlas of chick development. San Diego: Academic Press, 1997.

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Bellairs, Ruth. The atlas of chick development. Wyd. 2. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2005.

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Bellairs, Ruth. The atlas of chick development. San Diego: Academic Press, 1998.

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Löwkvist, Bertil. Polyamines in chick embryo development: Biosynthesis and physiological function. [s.l.]: [s.n.], 1986.

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Pattaro, Sandra Tugnoli. Osservazione di cose straordinarie: Il De observatione foetus in ovis (1564) di Ulisse Aldrovandi. Bologna: CLUEB, 2000.

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Juurlink, B. H. J., 1947-, red. An atlas for staging mammalian and chick embryos. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1987.

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Ribatti, Domenico. The Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane in the Study of Angiogenesis and Metastasis. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3845-6.

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Ribatti, Domenico. The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane in the study of angiogenesis and metastasis. Dordrecht: Springer, 2010.

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L, Watterson Ray, red. Laboratory studies of chick, pig and frog embryos. Wyd. 6. London: Collier Macmillan, 1989.

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Uwanogho, Dafe Aghogho. The cloning and expression analysis of Sox genes in the developing chick embryo. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1993.

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Części książek na temat "Chick embryo"

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Ribatti, Domenico. "The Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay". W Handbook of Vascular Biology Techniques, 141–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9716-0_12.

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Auerbach, Robert, i Veerappan Muthukkaruppan. "The Chick Embryo Aortic Arch Assay". W The Textbook of Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis: Methods and Applications, 149–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4581-0_8.

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Stern, Claudio D. "Mesoderm Formation in the Chick Embryo, Revisited". W Gastrulation, 29–41. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6027-8_2.

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Sanders, Esmond J. "Mesoderm Migration in the Early Chick Embryo". W The Cellular Basis of Morphogenesis, 449–80. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2141-5_12.

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Voiculescu, Octavian, i Claudio D. Stern. "Manipulating Gene Expression in the Chick Embryo". W Morpholino Oligomers, 105–14. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6817-6_9.

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Watanabe, Yoko, Takashi Kadoya, Masayoshi Fukui, Rei Edamatsu, Akitane Mori i Sonoko Seki. "Developmental Changes of Guanidino Compounds in Chick Embryo". W Guanidines, 59–69. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0752-6_6.

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Sanders, Esmond J. "Roles for Tgfß1 in Chick Embryo Cell Transformation". W Formation and Differentiation of Early Embryonic Mesoderm, 251–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3458-7_21.

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Rubin, H. "Growth Regulation in Cultures of Chick Embryo Fibroblasts". W Ciba Foundation Symposium - Growth Control in Cell Cultures, 127–49. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470719817.ch9.

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Vimalraj, Selvaraj, i Anuradha Dhanasekaran. "Chick Embryo Ex Vivo Assays for Cardiovascular Research". W Methods in Molecular Biology, 183–92. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_11.

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England, Marjorie A. "Aspects of Somite Formation in the Early Chick Embryo". W Somites in Developing Embryos, 47–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2013-3_4.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Chick embryo"

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Xuan, Eddy. "Chick embryo development - 21 days to hatching". W ACM SIGGRAPH 2014 Computer Animation Festival. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2633956.2633985.

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Elias, Ragi A. I., Jason Maikos i David I. Shreiber. "Mechanical Properties of the Chick Embryo Spinal Cord". W ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176773.

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Determining the mechanical properties of the spinal cord are useful to identify its response to sub-injurious loading experienced during normal motion, to evaluate the biomechanics of spinal cord injury (SCI) [1], and to understand the role of the changing mechanical environment in growth and development. While an array of studies have focused on the mechanical properties of adult spinal cords, those properties may not be the same as pediatric spinal cords, which undergoes significant changes during development. Additionally, during embryonic and fetal development, axon growth and neural precursor differentiation into neurons are at their peak.
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Menen, Rhiana, Katarina Kolostova, Vladimir Bobek, Mohamed K. Hassanein, Michael Bouvet i Robert M. Hoffman. "Abstract 5552: Macrophages increase brain metastasis in a chick embryo model". W Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-5552.

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Nisa, Silmy Aulia Rufiatin, Elhah Nailul Khasna, Dwi Listyorini i Nursasi Handayani. "Ciprofloxacin down-regulates Wnt5a gene expression in chick embryo leg bud". W INVENTING PROSPEROUS FUTURE THROUGH BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND TROPICAL BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Biological Science. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5050151.

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Wang, Yajuan, Onur Dur, Michael J. Patrick, Joseph P. Tinney, Kimimasa Tobita, Kerem Pekkan i Bradley B. Keller. "Hemodynamic Investigation of Normal Developing Aortic Arch in the Chick Embryo". W ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193264.

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Governed by genetic and epigenetic feedback [1], during embryonic cardiac development, the anatomy of aortic arches demonstrates drastic three dimensional (3D) changes that interact with the function of cardiovascular system. Six major pairs of aortic arches appear at different embryonic periods and eventually form the two brachiocephalic arteries (left and right third), an aortic arch (left fourth) and pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosus (left and right sixth) [2–4], Fig 1. Flow-driven hemodynamic loading plays a major role in this dynamic process. Morphological studies on the embryonic aortic arches began over 100 years ago while the recent remarkable developments include understanding genetic determinants such as the effects of neural crest cells [5,6]. However the relationship between hemodynamic factors and the dynamic 3D geometry changes is still limited requiring an interdisciplinary research effort [7,8].
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Owaki, Hirofumi, Taisuke Masuda, Tomohiro Kawahara, Natsuki Takei, Keiko Miwa-Kodama, Kota Miyasaka, Toshihiko Ogura i Fumihito Arai. "Organ-explanted bionic simulator (OBiS): Concurrent microcardiovascular anastomosis of chick embryo". W 2012 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2012.6386209.

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Ataei, Abdol Hossain, i Figen Kırkpınar. "Application of In-Ovo Injection of Some Substances for Manipulation of Sex and Improving Performance in Chicken". W International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.006.

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In intensive production, freshly hatched cockerels are culled in the layer hatchery (7 billion males each year), On the other hand, for meat production rearing female birds has not economic benefits because of male broiler chicks have a faster growth rate and better feed efficiency than females. In this regards several methods are being developed for sex determination in the chick embryo during the incubation period. But these methods need to be rapid, cost-efficient, and suitable practical for commercial use. Additionally, sex determination should be done before pain perception has evolved in chick embryos. Biotechnology by in ovo technique to sex determination of between male and female chicks or sex reversal could improve production and eliminate ethical dilemmas for poultry industries. In birds, the differentiation of embryonic gonads is not determined by genetic gender with the certainty that occurs in mammals and can be affected by early treatment with a steroid hormone. During the development of the chick embryo, the genotype of the zygote determines the nature of the gonads, which then caused male or female phenotype. The differentiation of gonads during the period called the "critical period of sexual differentiation" is accompanied by the beginning of secretion of sexual hormones. Namely, any change in the concentration of steroid hormones during the critical period affects the structure of the gonads. Many synthetic anti-aromatases such as federazole and non-synthetic in plants, mushrooms, and fruits containing natural flavonoids have been used in the experiments in ovo injection of anti-aromatase had no negative effect on the growth performance of sexual reversal female chickens. In conclusion, administration of an aromatase inhibitor causes testicular growth in the genetic female gender, and estrogen administration leads to the production of the left ovotestis in the genetic male gender. Therefore, in the early stages of embryonic development, sexual differentiation can be affected by changing the ratio of sexual hormones. In this review, effects of some substances applied by in ovo injection technique on sex reversal and performance in chicks.
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Filas, Benjamen A., i Larry A. Taber. "Surface Strains in the Looping Embryonic Chick Heart Measured Using Optical Coherence Tomography". W ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176148.

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The heart is the first functional organ in the vertebrate embryo. In the chick embryo, the heart begins beating at Hamburger and Hamilton [1] stage 10 (approximately 35 hours of a 21-day incubation period). The initially straight heart tube bends and twists into a c-shaped tube before reaching stage 12 (approximately 48 hours incubation). This process, known as c-looping, marks one of the first visible signs of left-right asymmetry in the embryo. Incorrect looping is one cause of congenital heart defects, where significant malformations occur in roughly 1% of human live births [2]. Understanding the mechanisms that drive c-looping could lend insight into the processes causing some of these defects.
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Huang, Wenjing, Fumihito Arai i Tomohiro Kawahara. "Chick embryo cultured in a cubic eggshell as a promising animal model". W 2014 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science (MHS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mhs.2014.7006077.

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Periasamy, A., J. R. Lindroth i R. P. Thompson. "Real time analysis of video image and electrocardiogram of the chick embryo heart". W Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1988.94620.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Chick embryo"

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Wong, Eric A., i Zehava Uni. Nutrition of the Developing Chick Embryo: Nutrient Uptake Systems of the Yolk Sac Membrane and Embryonic Intestine. United States Department of Agriculture, czerwiec 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697119.bard.

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We have examined the developmental changes in composition, amount, and uptake of yolk nutrients (fat, protein, water and carbohydrates) and the expression ofnutrient transporters in the yolk sac membrane (YSM) from embryonic day 11 (Ell) to 21 (E21) and small intestine from embryonic day 15 (E15) to E21 in embryos from young (22-25 wk) and old (45-50 wk) Cobb and Leghorn breeder flocks. The developmental expression profiles for the peptide transporter 1 (PepTl), the amino acid transporters, EAAT3, CAT-1 and BOAT, the sodium glucose transporter (SGLTl), the fructose transporter (GLUT5), the digestive enzymes aminopeptidase N (APN) and sucraseisomaltase (SI) were assayed by the absolute quantification real time PCR method in the YSM and embryonic intestine. Different temporal patterns of expression were observed for these genes. The effect of in ovo injection of peptides (the dipeptide Gly-Sar, purified peptides, trypsin hydrolysate) on transporter gene expression has been examined in the embryonic intestine. Injection of a partial protein hydrolysate resulted in an increase in expression of the peptide transporter PepT2. We have initiated a transcriptome analysis of genes expressed in the YSM at different developmental ages to better understand the function of the YSM.
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Uni, Zehava, i Peter Ferket. Enhancement of development of broilers and poults by in ovo feeding. United States Department of Agriculture, maj 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695878.bard.

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The specific objectives of this research were the study of the physical and nutritional properties of the In Ovo Feeding (IOF) solution (i.e. theosmostic properties and the carbohydrate: protein ratio composition). Then, using the optimal solution for determining its effect on hatchability, early nutritional status and intestinal development of broilers and turkey during the last quarter of incubation through to 7 days post-hatch (i.e. pre-post hatch period) by using molecular, biochemical and histological tools. The objective for the last research phase was the determination of the effect of in ovo feeding on growth performance and economically valuable production traits of broiler and turkey flocks reared under practical commercial conditions. The few days before- and- after hatch is a critical period for the development and survival of commercial broilers and turkeys. During this period chicks make the metabolic and physiological transition from egg nutriture (i.e. yolk) to exogenous feed. Late-term embryos and hatchlings may suffer a low glycogen status, especially when oxygen availability to the embryo is limited by low egg conductance or poor incubator ventilation. Much of the glycogen reserve in the late-term chicken embryo is utilized for hatching. Subsequently, the chick must rebuild that glycogen reserve by gluconeogenesis from body protein (mostly from the breast muscle) to support post-hatch thermoregulation and survival until the chicks are able to consume and utilize dietary nutrients. Immediately post-hatch, the chick draws from its limited body reserves and undergoes rapid physical and functional development of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in order to digest feed and assimilate nutrients. Because the intestine is the nutrient primary supply organ, the sooner it achieves this functional capacity, the sooner the young bird can utilize dietary nutrients and efficiently grow at its genetic potential and resist infectious and metabolic disease. Feeding the embryo when they consume the amniotic fluid (IOF idea and method) showed accelerated enteric development and elevated capacity to digest nutrients. By injecting a feeding solution into the embryonic amnion, the embryo naturally consume supplemental nutrients orally before hatching. This stimulates intestinal development to start earlier as was exhibited by elevated gene expression of several functional genes (brush border enzymes an transporters , elvated surface area, elevated mucin production . Moreover, supplying supplemental nutrients at a critical developmental stage by this in ovo feeding technology improves the hatchling’s nutritional status. In comparison to controls, administration of 1 ml of in ovo feeding solution, containing dextrin, maltose, sucrose and amino acids, into the amnion of the broiler embryo increased dramatically total liver glycogen in broilers and in turkeys in the pre-hatch period. In addition, an elevated relative breast muscle size (% of broiler BW) was observed in IOF chicks to be 6.5% greater at hatch and 7 days post-hatch in comparison to controls. Experiment have shown that IOF broilers and turkeys increased hatchling weights by 3% to 7% (P<0.05) over non injected controls. These responses depend upon the strain, the breeder hen age and in ovo feed composition. The weight advantage observed during the first week after hatch was found to be sustained at least through 35 days of age. Currently, research is done in order to adopt the knowledge for commercial practice.
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Halevy, Orna, Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni i Israel Rozenboim. Enhancement of meat production by monochromatic light stimuli during embryogenesis: effect on muscle development and post-hatch growth. United States Department of Agriculture, czerwiec 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586471.bard.

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The original objectives were: A. To determine the critical embryonic age for monochromatic green light stimulation. B. To follow the ontogeny of embryos exposed to monochromatic green light vs. darkness. C. To investigate the effects of monochromatic green light illumination on myoblast and fiber development in the embryo. D. To investigate the stimulatory effect of light combinations during embryo and post-hatch periods on growth and meat production. E. To evaluate the direct effect of monochromatic green light on cultured embryonic and adult myoblasts. The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of monochromatic light stimuli during incubation period of broilers on muscle development and satellite cell myogenesis. Based on previous studies (Halevy et al., 1998; Rozenboim et al., 1999) that demonstrated the positive effects of green-light illumination on body and muscle growth, we hypothesized that monochromatic light illumination accelerates embryo and muscle development and subsequently enhances muscle growth and meat production. Thus, further decreases management costs. Under the cooperation of the laboratories at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and University of Washington we have conducted the following: 1. We have established the critical stage for exposure to green monochromatic light which has the maximal effect on body and muscle growth (Objective A). We report that embryonic day 5 is optimal for starting illumination. The optimal regime of lighting that will eliminate possible heat effects was evaluated by monitoring egg core temperature at various illumination periods. We found that intermitted lighting (15 min. on; 15 min. off) is optimal to avoid heat effects. 2. We have evaluated in detail gross changes in embryo development profile associated to green light stimuli vs. darkness. In addition, we have investigated the stimulatory effect of light combinations during embryo and post-hatch periods on body and muscle growth (Objective B,D). 3. We have studied the expression profile of muscle regulatory proteins during chicken muscle cell differentiation in cultures using newly developed antibodies. This study paved the way for analyzing the expression of these proteins in our photo stimulation experiments (Objective C). 4. We have studied the pattern ofPax7 expression during myogenesis in the posthatch chicken. Experimental chick pectoralis muscles as well adult myoblast cultures were used in this study and the results led us to propose a novel model for satellite cell differentiation and renewal. 5. The effects of monochromatic green light illumination during embryogenesis have been studied. These studies focused on fetal myoblast and satellite cell proliferation and differentiation at pre- and posthatch periods and on the effects on the expression of muscle regulatory proteins which are involved in these processes. In addition, we have analyzed the effect of photo stimulation in the embryo on myofiber development at early posthatch (Objective C). 6. In follow the reviewers' comments we have not conducted Objective E. The information gathered from these studies is of utmost importance both, for understanding the molecular basis of muscle development in the posthatch chicks and for applied approach for future broiler management. Therefore, the information could be beneficial to agriculture in the short term on the one hand and to future studies on chick muscle development in the embryo and posthatch on the other hand.
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Petitte, James, Hefzibah Eyal-Giladi i Malka Ginsburg. The Study of Primordial Germ Cell Development as a Tool for Gene Transfer in Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, październik 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1991.7561071.bard.

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The ability to introduce novel genetic material into the genome of commercial poultry has been impeded by a lack of kowledge regarding the origin in the early embryo of the target cell of interest, namely, the germ cell. Hence, this project investigated the emergence of primordial germ cells (PGCs) during the early development of the avian embryo to aid in efforts to produce transgenic poultry on a routine basis. The strategy was to introduce foreign DNA into the area of the unincubated embryo that is destined to give rise to the germ line. The objectives of this project were: 1) to identify and localize a subpopulation of cells in the early embryo which will give rise to PGCs, 2) to determine the best location and stage of development to transfer donor cells for efficient germline chimerism, and 3) to transfect donor cells to produce transgenic/germline chimeric embryos. We show that by using the monoclonal antibody SSEA-1 and by various cell culture techniques that germ cells appear to segregate from the somatic lineages at St. X., a process that is gradual and continues through St. XIV. Using microsurgical transplantation between quail and chick embryos, we demonstrated that the inner 1/3 of the area pellucida between states X-XII gives rise to about 2/3 of the germ cell population at the time of their residence in the germinal crescent. Because of the non-localized emergence of PGCs, attempts to introduce foreign DNA into clonal precursors of germ cells through liposome-mediated transfection yielded unacceptable levels of efficiency. However, through our investigation of germ cell origins, an in vitro model of germ cell differentiation was developed that could offer a means of determining the factors required for the long term culture of avian PGCs thereby providing a convenient means of manipulating the avian genome.
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Yahav, Shlomo, John Brake i Noam Meiri. Development of Strategic Pre-Natal Cycling Thermal Treatments to Improve Livability and Productivity of Heavy Broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, grudzień 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593395.bard.

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The necessity to improve broiler thermotolerance and live performance led to the following hypothesis: Appropriate comprehensive incubation treatments that include significant temperature management changes will promote angiogenesis and will improve acquisition of thermotolerance and carcass quality of heavy broilers through epigenetic adaptation. It was based on the following questions: 1. Can TM during embryogenesis of broilers induce a longer-lasting thermoregulatory memory (up to marketing age of 10 wk) that will improve acquisition of thermotolerance as well as increased breast meat yield in heavy broilers? 2. The improved sensible heat loss (SHL) suggests an improved peripheral vasodilation process. Does elevated temperature during incubation affect vasculogenesis and angiogenesis processes in the chick embryo? Will such create subsequent advantages for heavy broilers coping with adverse hot conditions? 3. What are the changes that occur in the PO/AH that induce the changes in the threshold response for heat production/heat loss based on the concept of epigenetic temperature adaptation? The original objectives of this study were as follow: a. to assess the improvement of thermotolerance efficiency and carcass quality of heavy broilers (~4 kg); b. toimproveperipheral vascularization and angiogenesis that improve sensible heat loss (SHL); c. to study the changes in the PO/AH thermoregulatory response for heat production/losscaused by modulating incubation temperature. To reach the goals: a. the effect of TM on performance and thermotolerance of broilers reared to 10 wk of age was studied. b. the effect of preincubation heating with an elevated temperature during the 1ˢᵗ 3 to 5 d of incubation in the presence of modified fresh air flow coupled with changes in turning frequency was elucidated; c.the effect of elevated temperature on vasculogenesis and angiogenesis was determined using in ovo and whole embryo chick culture as well as HIF-1α VEGF-α2 VEGF-R, FGF-2, and Gelatinase A (MMP2) gene expression. The effects on peripheral blood system of post-hatch chicks was determined with an infrared thermal imaging technique; c. the expression of BDNF was determined during the development of the thermal control set-point in the preoptic anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH). Background to the topic: Rapid growth rate has presented broiler chickens with seriousdifficulties when called upon to efficiently thermoregulate in hot environmental conditions. Being homeotherms, birds are able to maintain their body temperature (Tb) within a narrow range. An increase in Tb above the regulated range, as a result of exposure to environmental conditions and/or excessive metabolic heat production that often characterize broiler chickens, may lead to a potentially lethal cascade of irreversible thermoregulatory events. Exposure to temperature fluctuations during the perinatal period has been shown to lead to epigenetic temperature adaptation. The mechanism for this adaptation was based on the assumption that environmental factors, especially ambient temperature, have a strong influence on the determination of the “set-point” for physiological control systems during “critical developmental phases.” Recently, Piestunet al. (2008) demonstrated for the first time that TM (an elevated incubation temperature of 39.5°C for 12 h/d from E7 to E16) during the development/maturation of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-thyroid axis (thermoregulation) and the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal axis (stress) significantly improved the thermotolerance and performance of broilers at 35 d of age. These phenomena raised two questions that were addressed in this project: 1. was it possible to detect changes leading to the determination of the “set point”; 2. Did TM have a similar long lasting effect (up to 70 d of age)? 3. Did other TM combinations (pre-heating and heating during the 1ˢᵗ 3 to 5 d of incubation) coupled with changes in turning frequency have any performance effect? The improved thermotolerance resulted mainly from an efficient capacity to reduce heat production and the level of stress that coincided with an increase in SHL (Piestunet al., 2008; 2009). The increase in SHL (Piestunet al., 2009) suggested an additional positive effect of TM on vasculogenesis and angiogensis. 4. In order to sustain or even improve broiler performance, TM during the period of the chorioallantoic membrane development was thought to increase vasculogenesis and angiogenesis providing better vasodilatation and by that SHL post-hatch.
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Yahav, Shlomo, John Brake i Orna Halevy. Pre-natal Epigenetic Adaptation to Improve Thermotolerance Acquisition and Performance of Fast-growing Meat-type Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, wrzesień 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7592120.bard.

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: The necessity to improve broiler thermotolerance and performance led to the following hypothesis: (a) thethermoregulatory-response threshold for heat production can be altered by thermal manipulation (TM) during incubation so as to improve the acquisition of thermotolerance in the post-hatch broiler;and (b) TM during embryogenesis will improve myoblast proliferation during the embryonic and post-hatch periods with subsequent enhanced muscle growth and meat production. The original objectives of this study were as follow: 1. to assess the timing, temperature, duration, and turning frequency required for optimal TM during embryogenesis; 2. to evaluate the effect of TM during embryogenesis on thermoregulation (heat production and heat dissipation) during four phases: (1) embryogenesis, (2) at hatch, (3) during growth, and (4) during heat challenge near marketing age; 3. to investigate the stimulatory effect of thermotolerance on hormones that regulate thermogenesis and stress (T₄, T₃, corticosterone, glucagon); 4. to determine the effect of TM on performance (BW gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, carcass yield, breast muscle yield) of broiler chickens; and 5. to study the effect of TM during embryogenesis on skeletal muscle growth, including myoblast proliferation and fiber development, in the embryo and post-hatch chicks.This study has achieved all the original objectives. Only the plasma glucagon concentration (objective 3) was not measured as a result of technical obstacles. Background to the topic: Rapid growth rate has presented broiler chickens with seriousdifficulties when called upon to efficiently thermoregulate in hot environmental conditions. Being homeotherms, birds are able to maintain their body temperature (Tb) within a narrow range. An increase in Tb above the regulated range, as a result of exposure to environmental conditions and/or excessive metabolic heat production that often characterize broiler chickens, may lead to a potentially lethal cascade of irreversible thermoregulatory events. Exposure to temperature fluctuations during the perinatal period has been shown to lead to epigenetic temperature adaptation. The mechanism for this adaptation was based on the assumption that environmental factors, especially ambient temperature, have a strong influence on the determination of the “set-point” for physiological control systems during “critical developmental phases.” In order to sustain or even improve broiler performance, TM during the period of embryogenesis when satellite cell population normally expand should increase absolute pectoralis muscle weight in broilers post-hatch. Major conclusions: Intermittent TM (39.5°C for 12 h/day) during embryogenesis when the thyroid and adrenal axis was developing and maturing (E7 to E16 inclusive) had a long lasting thermoregulatory effect that improved thermotolerance of broiler chickens exposed to acute thermal stress at market age by lowering their functional Tb set point, thus lowering metabolic rate at hatch, improving sensible heat loss, and significantly decreasing the level of stress. Increased machine ventilation rate was required during TM so as to supply the oxygen required for the periods of increased embryonic development. Enhancing embryonic development was found to be accomplished by a combination of pre-incubation heating of embryos for 12 h at 30°C, followed by increasing incubation temperature to 38°C during the first 3 days of incubation. It was further facilitated by increasing turning frequency of the eggs to 48 or 96 times daily. TM during critical phases of muscle development in the late-term chick embryo (E16 to E18) for 3 or 6 hours (39.5°C) had an immediate stimulatory effect on myoblast proliferation that lasted for up to two weeks post-hatch; this was followed by increased hypertrophy at later ages. The various incubation temperatures and TM durations focused on the fine-tuning of muscle development and growth processes during late-term embryogenesis as well as in post-hatch chickens.
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