Rozprawy doktorskie: „Chibok Local Government Area”

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Nurse, Alexander. "Delivering effective public services : the case of Local Area Agreements". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/7913/.

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This thesis investigates Local Area Agreements as a tool for the effective delivery of local public services focusing on three main areas: - Centre-Local Relations and the Vertical Governance of LAAs - Intra Local Relations and the Horizontal Governance of LAAs - Learning from LAAs to improve the future practice of local public service delivery. In exploring these areas, the thesis draws upon several academic theories; principally the Strategic Relational Approach and New Institutionalism. These themes are explored in a two-tiered methodology. The first is a national overview survey of LAA practitioners which then informed the second stage; detailed interviews across two case study areas (Liverpool and St Helens) as well as with civil servants and elected politicians from national government. In relation to vertical-governance, the thesis discusses the national indicator dataset and the ability for areas to adequately focus on local policy priorities, the top-down governance of LAAs and a discussion about the role of Government Office for the regions in negotiating and delivering LAAs. In relation to horizontal governance, the research identifies both stronger and weaker actors within the local governance process, discusses the value of differing actor approaches, investigates how internal accountability affects the relationship with a wider partnership and discusses the role of elected members. The final section discusses how practitioners feel that LAAs could be improved, before discussing how current Coalition policy addresses these concerns, before drawing some final conclusions about the relative success of the LAA project. The findings show that despite initial overtures of greater local discretion over setting priorities, strong central control remained. In particular, this was seen through the indicator selection process, with areas adopting indicators that were not seen as local priorities. At the local level it is shown that a long or short term operating horizon affected how actors worked with the LAA and that those actors that traditionally operated on shorter time scales (i.e. police, fire and rescue service) were more likely to register frustration with longer term bureaucratic processes. It was also found that those actors that viewed partnership working on LAA targets as an investment for long term results were viewed as being more effective than those which simply saw it as a cost. In terms of Coalition policy in the post LAA period, it appears that many lessons have gone unheeded, particularly around the components of effective partnership working. However, the new City Deal programme presents a renewed sense of optimism for effective (and locally responsive) local public service delivery.

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Dodovu, Thamsanqa Simon. "A municipal structure for the KOSH area". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51581.

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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South African local government is undergoing a critical process of transformation and restructuring. New structures, institutions and systems which are being established change local government to accomplish the developmental objectives of the society, improve service delivery and ensure optimum governance. The study is aimed at investigating and examining the type of municipal structure that has the capacity to achieve the objectives of local government. In this regard, the status quo of municipalities in the KOSH (Klerksdorp, Orkney, Stilfontein and Hartebeesfontein) area, a metropolitan municipality without sub-councils and an amalgamated Category B Municipality operating in the area of jurisdiction of Category C Municipality is explored and critically examined. The hypothetical statement namely that the KOSH area requires a restructured, rekindled and revitalised municipal structure and the amalgamation of unviable municipalities into a larger jurisdiction to sustain development, are tested. A review of new structures and systems of local government in South Africa is made. In this regard the legal framework and context of the municipal demarcation process, structures and systems is of paramount importance. A critical analysis of all municipalities in the KOSH area including the Southern District Council in relation to their political and administrative components is made. The background and profile of each town and city in the KOSH area is also given. This encapsulates the historical background of the area, its economy and socio-demographic profile. In the final analysis the study highlights the positive and negative effects of amalgamated municipalities whether Category A or B Municipalities. The study concludes that the KOSH area lends itself to the establishment of an amalgamated Category B Municipality operating within the jurisdiction of a Category C Municipality. The study also concludes that it is possible and viable to de-establish the present separate local authorities and create a viable amalgamated Category B Municipal structure that will improve service delivery and provide optimum governance for the KOSH area. Specific recommendations in respect of the development of the KOSH area are made.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid Afrikaanse plaaslike regering ondergaan 'n kritieke proses van transformasie en herstrukturering. Nuwe strukture, instellings en sisteme wat geskep word verander plaaslike regering ten einde die ontwikkelingsoogmerke van die gemeenskap te bereik, dienslewering te verbeter en om optimum regering daar te stel. Die studie is gemik op die ondersoek en ontleding van die soort munisipale strukture wat in staat is om die bogemelde oogmerke te bereik. In hierdie verband, word die status quo van munisipaliteite in die KOSH (Klersksdorp, Orkney, Stilfontein and Hartebeesfontein) gebied, 'n metropolitaanse munisipaliteit sonder sub-rade, en 'n geamalgemeerde kategorie B munisipaliteit wat in die jurisdiksionele gebied van 'n kategorie C munisipaliteite funksioneel ondersoek en krities ontleed. Die hipotese naamlik dat die KOSH gebied 'n gestruktureerde, munisipale struktuur benodig sowel as die amalgamering van nie-lewensvatbare munisipaliteite in 'n groter jurisdiksie om ontwikkeling te handhaaf, word ondersoek. 'n Oorsig word gegee van die nuwe strukture en sisteme van plaaslike regering in Suid Afrika. In hierdie vervand is die regsraamwerk en die konteks van die munisipale afbakeningsproses, strukture en sisteme van kardinale belang. 'n Kritiese ontleding van al die munisipaliteite in die KOSH gebied, insluitende die Suidelike Distriksraad, uitsluitende hul politieke en administratiewe samestelling, is gemaak. Die agtergrond en die profiel van elke dorp en stad in die KOSH gebied work ook weergegee. Dit sluit in die geskiedkundige agtergrond van die gebied, asook die gebied se ekonomie en sosiodemografiese profiel. In die finale ontleding beklemtoon die studie die voor-en nadele van geamalgameerde munisipaliteite, ongeag of hulle kategorie A of B munisipaliteite is. Die studie toon aan dat die KOSH gebied homself leen tot die skepping van 'n ge-amalgameerde kategorie B munisipaliteit wat binne die jurisdiksie van 'n kategorie C munisipaliteit opereer. Die studie het ook aangetoon dat dit moontlik en haalbaar is om die bestaande aparte plaaslike owerhede te hervestig en 'n haalbaar kategorie B munisipale struktuur daar te stel wat dienslewering sal bevorder en optimum regering vir die KOSH gebied daar sal stel. Spesifieke aanbevelings word gemaak met betrekking tot die ontwikkeling van die KOSH gebied.

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Agbomeji, Ayinda Mojeed Oladele. "An investigation into factors that shape secondary school female retention in two rural public schools, Alimosho Region, Lagos State, Nigeria". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004331.

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Challenges of access to education in the developing world and elsewhere appear to be widespread. Many declarations and conventions have been developed to assist countries to respond to the issue. While challenges of access are universal, Africa in general and sub-Saharan Africa in particular are presented with additional concerns about gender equality and gender parity. While learner numbers seem to be on the decline globally, dropout amongst girls is disproportionately greater than amongst boys. Even though school retention presents a challenge at all levels of the schooling system, it is more acute for girls at the secondary school level. This study was conducted to examine and understand factors that shape retention of secondary school female learners in two rural public schools in Alimosho Region of Lagos State, Nigeria. The study design was qualitative and interpretive in nature. Data collection strategies included administered questionnaires in two schools, focus group discussion with twenty female learners in two schools, case studies, individual interviews with four participants from two schools, and observation in English and Biology classes where the two teachers from the two schools participated in the interviews. Ethical clearance from Alimosho Educational Region office and the two schools was obtained before undertaking the study. Participants’ school principals also signed written consent forms before interviews. The female learners were briefed about the study interview activities and advised that their participation was voluntary and that they were free to withdraw at any point. This study drew on Sen’s (1989, 2000) capabilities theory to understand the phenomenon beyond dominant discourses on education that view education as a basic human right or that focus on economic and development gains. The key finding of this study is that in-school and out- of- school factors interact in complex ways to support female learner retention. Key among these are value placed on education by female learners and significant others, particularly parents; family support; and individual aspirations. Extra-curricular participation, government policy, role models, and peer support were also found to be important factors that mediate progression and retention.

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WEI, HU. "ENTERPRISE GIS IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT: A CASE STUDY OF CINCINNATI AREA GIS". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1022195531.

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Hudson, Christine. "Against all odds : local economic development policies and local government autonomy in Sweden and Britain". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-66109.

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This thesis makes a comparative study of local government autonomy in Britain and Sweden within the local economic development policy area. It argues for local government autonomy to be viewed in terms of both a vertical dimension concerning local government's autonomy vis-à-vis national government (national context) and a horizontal dimension relating to its autonomy vis-à-vis local social and economic forces (local context). A policy area approach is advocated as the strength of, and the balance between, factors influencing local government autonomy, both vertically and horizontally, may be modified by the particular characteristics of the policy area. For example, the local economic development policy area is characterized as a grey zone respecting the intergovernmental relationship and a "mixed-economy" concerning the public-private sector relationship. The concept of autonomy is distinguished into policy-making independence (measured as local authority cooperation with other actors in economic development policies) and capacity for action (measured in terms of four local authority roles in the local economy). These are tested empirically regarding the influence of the local context and the relationship between them examined. The dominant trend in both countries is that the more local authorities intervene in the local economy (extend their capacity for action), the greater their cooperation with other actors (the more restricted their policy-making independence).
digitalisering@umu

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Manche, Jacqueline Boitumelo. "Restructuring urban local government in South Africa : options for the central Witwatersrand metropolitan area". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68291.

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Houlihan, B. M. J. "The relationship between central and local government in the policy area of public sector housing". Thesis, University of Salford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372126.

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Oguntunde, Olugbenga Olalere. "Drug prescribing practices among primary healthcare providers in a local government area of Northwestern Nigeria". University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5378.

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Master of Public Health - MPH
Background: Drugs are essential components of the health system and their rational use is vital to delivering quality and efficient healthcare services. However, inappropriate prescribing is a common rational drug use problem globally, particularly in developing countries including Nigeria. Despite measures to address this problem, inappropriate drug use continues to be a major public health problem in Nigeria. Aim: This study assessed rational drug use (RDU), with a focus on rational prescribing and factors affecting it, among primary healthcare providers working in primary healthcare facilities of a LGA in Northwestern Nigeria. Methods: The study was a cross sectional descriptive study and it included retrospective review of patient encounters and interviews with prescribing healthcare providers in sampled health facilities. Stratified random sampling method was used to select 20 public primary healthcare facilities and 30 patient encounters were drawn by systematic random sampling from each facility. One hundred and sixty three prescribing healthcare providers in the health facilities were also included in the study. Adapted WHO's drug use study tools and a structured self-administered questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 17) software and presented as contingency table with chi square test used to test for relationship between variables with statistical significance taken at p < 0.05. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of the Western Cape Research Ethics Committee and Kaduna State Ministry of Health, and permission from local stakeholders. Confidentiality of individual patients, healthcare providers and health facilities data was maintained. Results: The prescribing staff at the selected facilities were predominantly Nurses/Midwives and community health assistants with SCHEWs constituting the majority (60.8%). More than half (54.4%) of providers did not know about the concept of RDU. Similarly, the computed knowledge score of RDU revealed that the majority (74.4%) had poor knowledge of the concept. Knowledge was significantly associated with duration of service, providers' previous training in rational drug use and professional status (p<0.05), with the CHOs having better knowledge of RDU compared with other professional cadres. High antibiotic use (68.3% in retrospective review and 82.9% in survey) and injection use (9.5% in retrospective review and 12% in survey) were found in the study with significant proportions of providers admitting that all cases of URTI should receive antibiotics (72.3% ) and that patients could be prescribed injections if they requested for it (35.3%). The Standing Order was the main source of information for the majority (50.6%) of providers and it served as the major influence affecting prescribing practices. Conclusion: This study revealed a poor understanding and knowledge of RDU among healthcare providers. High antibiotic and injection use also reflected providers' poor attitude to rational prescribing of these commodities. To improve prescribing practices at the PHC level, adequate staff skill mix, including physicians should be established. Since RDU knowledge was associated with prior training, curriculum development towards RDU and opportunities for in-service training should be provided to build prescribers capacity, in addition to instituting a system of rational drug use monitoring. Further research into rational drug use among different cadres of PHC healthcare providers is also recommended.

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Tate, Laura Ellen. "Vancouver service exports to the Asia Pacific and the role of local government in their promotion". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31236.

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This thesis looks at the feasibility of promoting knowledge intensive service (KIS) exports to Asia as part of a local economic development strategy. To this end a two part study was conducted, consisting of a postal survey and a series of elite interviews. The study demonstrates that many Vancouver KIS firms have already established a presence in Pacific Rim markets; furthermore, future growth in these markets is likely. The study examines various characteristics of KIS exporters to Asia so as to enable policy makers to draft appropriate recommendations. The remainder of the thesis outlines current initiatives at senior and local levels of government. A case is made for increasing the scope of local government action in this sphere, and some potential initiatives are suggested.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate

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Nabe, Thembela W. "Enhancing service delivery at local government level: challenges and recommendations for the City of Cape Town". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2000. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Esienumoh, Ekpoanwan. "Prevention of maternal mortality : a community action research in Bakassi Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/prevention-of-maternal-mortality-a-community-action-research-in-bakassi-local-government-areacross-river-state-nigeria(58396b9b-aeaf-4f5c-b3ae-a841dad8e6ca).html.

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Maternal mortality in Nigeria is one of the highest in the world. The rate is higher in the rural communities than in the urban. Given the complexity of causes of maternal mortality, it appears that the community is an important resource that is frequently overlooked. The contribution of which could be explored through collaboration with professional healthcare providers, to bring about reduction in maternal mortality. This study, proposed to empower members of the community to take action to prevent maternal mortality. Action research design was utilised, comprising cycles of fact-finding, planning/action, and evaluation with the aim of working towards a change in the status quo. In collaboration with the action research group, data were generated through 29 interviews, 8 focus group discussions and observation of 7 persons. Women of childbearing age were interviewed to gain understanding of their knowledge, attitude and practice towards maternal mortality. Focus group discussions were carried out with a cross section of the community. Observations were undertaken of skilled and traditional birth attendants (TBAs) in their places of practice. Altogether, there were 86 general participants and 12 action research group members in the study. Thematic data analysis and critical reflection were undertaken with emphasis on data which promote learning and change. The study revealed childbirth fallacies as evidenced in the causes of maternal deaths being attributed to superstitious beliefs. Other findings included religious beliefs/practices, birth practices, negative attitudes, lack of money, lack of transportation and health facilities issues as contributory factors. These findings were critically reflected upon by the action research group and actions based on the findings, aimed at empowering the people to take action to prevent maternal deaths were undertaken. The actions included community education, TBA training and development of a common forum between skilled birth attendants and TBAs. Participatory evaluation was undertaken from the perspectives of the participants to identify what made sense to them from the actions. Findings included some degree of empowerment and emancipation of the people evidenced in the acquisition of new knowledge which led to the repudiation of certain superstitious beliefs. Other findings include resumed utilisation of the service of skilled birth attendants at the local health facility by the women. The findings of this study have demonstrated implications for practice, policy and research to prevent maternal mortality in Bakassi LGA, Nigeria. Conclusion drawn is that, the community is an important resource which if mobilised through the process of action research, would be empowered to take action to prevent maternal mortality. The process will also foster the collaboration between skilled birth attendants and traditional birth attendants to improve maternal health care in the rural community.

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Hassall, Zoë L. "Towards sustainability in South Africa : a study of local government sustainability planning in the Cape Metropolitan Area". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7676.

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Includes bibliography.
The popular use of the term sustainability represents a consensus around the fact that society must change its path towards ecological destruction and the consequent decline in human's quality of life. Sustainability facilitates the integration of environmental issues, previously seen as radical and disruptive, into mainstream political, social and economic discourse. The term therefore represents a transitional tool which will lead society from its current non-sustainable phase to greater sustainability. At present the most successful action for change is being initiated from the local level through local sustainability planning. Sustainability planning represents an alternative approach to local government decision-making based on the principles of sustainability. Many countries are experiencing success with local sustainability planning initiatives such as Healthy Cities and Local Agenda 21. These initiatives represent generic approaches to sustainability planning. This thesis contends that a more successful approach could be gained through tailoring strategic planning to local contexts. The challenge is to design a framework that meets the needs of the specific socio-economic, legislative and institutional contexts of a given area. South Africa's discriminatory socio-political history has resulted in major social and environmental legacies, especially amongst the marginalised and poor sectors of society. These legacies must be understood and addressed in order to carry-out successful sustainability planning processes. Since 1994 sustainability in South Africa has received significant attention in the legislation which has emanated from the democratic government. The legal framework for sustainability is provided by a progressive Constitution [Act 108 of 1996]. The Constitution provides clear objectives for environmental management. Furthering the framework for environmental management set out in the Constitution is the National Environmental Management Act [Act 107 of 1998] (NEMA). NEMA is a key piece of legislation which has far-reaching implications for sustainability. It establishes general principles which act as a framework within which environmental management in the country will be carried out. The Constitution [Act 108 of 1996] also sets out clear objectives for local governance. Local government in the CMA, as in the rest of South Africa, is suffering from the effects of the (re)current restructuring period following the country's transition to democracy. This sphere of government is experiencing significant financial and capacity constraints. The situation has been compounded by a lack of civil-sector consultation during this protracted period of change. Mechanisms for addressing sustainability and incorporating environmental issues within local government planning and decision-making are absent from national legislation. Local government sustainability planning represents such a mechanism. This study researches the current status and future prospects for local government sustainability planning using the Cape Metropolitan Area (CMA) in South Africa as a case study. A framework for local government sustainability planning is developed based on the current national and local contexts. The proposed framework places the fundamental principles of sustainability at the highest strategic level in the authority. Alongside these principles are key operational themes of sustainability. Each of these should be used to guide and inform decisions and activities carried out within the local government authority. As we enter the new millennium local government in South Africa has an increasing responsibility to achieve local sustainability and in so doing to elevate its citizens quality of life. A bold response to local sustainability planning is required if this is to be achieved.

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Mziba, Makwande. "The role of public participation in service delivery: a case of a selected township in the Cape Metropolitan Area, South Africa". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/3032.

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Thesis (MTech (Public Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2020
Public participation in governance and public service delivery is increasingly pursued in a bid to improve the performance of government. Improving delivery of public services continues to be a key objective that has occupied the agenda of public administrators and researchers alike. Despite various legislative prescriptions, which encourage local community participation in service delivery initiatives, there is prevalence of a top-down approach when municipalities bring services to communities. This occurs when municipalities follow their own developmental priorities for communities and they do this without the consultation of the concerned communities. The main purpose of this study was to explore the involvement of communities in determining the infrastructure services that are delivered to them by government. The study was done in Khayelitsha, a township situated in the Cape metropolitan area in the Western Cape province of South Africa. A qualitative and quantitative methodology was employed in the study. It is relevant to the study and assisted the researcher to gain insight into the Khayelitsha municipality and understand the challenges caused by not involving the community in service delivery. The main findings reveal that the role of the community is not clearly defined during the process of service delivery resulting in poor public participation. Poor communication with communities also contributes to this problem and there is no formal collaboration between the community and the municipality. Thus, the study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on public participation and service delivery, as well as democracy. Furthermore, the study concludes that for the successful delivery of services to communities, it is essential that government officials comply with the legal prescriptions that are enshrined in the relevant legislation. In addition, communities should begin to own service delivery initiatives and protect their facilities from vandalism.

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Nkuna, Nghamula Wilson. "The nature and implications of complexity in Developmental Local Government : a case study of selected municipalities in the Vhembe District Municipality area, Limpopo Province". Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1060.

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Thesis (PhD. (Public Administration)) --University of Limpopo, 2013
Developmental local government was introduced in South Africa after the finalisation of the local government transformation in 2000. The notion was however provided for in terms of Chapter seven of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996. The introduction of the policy framework through the 1998 White Paper on Developmental Local Government provided a platform for the promulgation of the Local Government: Municipal Structures Act 117 of 1998 which was followed by the Local Government: Municipal Systems Act 32 of 2000 to give effect to the notion of developmental local government as envisaged in the Constitution. Realisation of such system of developmental local government required interactions determined through various interactions ranging from structures necessary for establishment of municipalities to systems necessary for the municipalities to be functional. Those structures and systems comprise of a congleromate of agents that derive their way of interactions from various schemas. Those schemas are informed by the mainstream positivist modern scientific public administration discourse that dominates the paradigm of public administration in South Africa. Yet interactions that give effect to developmental local government do not conform to the rational modern scientific prescription that are linear and seek to unveil a unified solution to all problems associated with the realisation of developmental local government. That is where the science of complexity comes to play through its conformity to postmodern ontology of seeking local solutions that are non-linear. It is however necessary to acknowledge that the rational scientific discourse is necessary within developmental local government realisation, it just have limitations that need to be complemented by complexity thinking as local governments together with its establishing structures and systems are by nature complex. It came about through complex interactions that do not always conform to modern scientific analysis. The state of public administration discourse in South Africa is still predominantly rational and adheres to the modern or mainstream public administration. These are exarbated by the praxis of developmental local government itself in terms of its character and its constitutional founding of being a sphere of government that remain ideal than pragmatic. The characteristics of developmental local government themselves cannot be realised within the ambit of a single municipality. The notion of development also provide a conundrum of being translated to developmental which is adjectival to be reduced to a static meaning for proper rational analysis. Being a complex system developmental local government inhabit the charateristics or elements of complexity that cannot be unified to address problems facing municipalities within the country. The complexity of such systems transcend from the initial contextualisation of developmental local government to various persona, multiplicity and pluralism, as well as accountability and responsibility. These create the form of morphogenesis from the inception in the form, structure, function and state of developmental local government. Developmental duties, being Integrated Developmental Plan (IDP), Performance Management, and Community participation remain the ideals that in reality might not be realised unless a complementary view of complexity thinking is considered. The engagement of literature in developmental local government, the state of Public Administration discourse in South Africa, Complex Reflexive Science and the empirical evidence gathered in municipalities found within the Vhembe District municipality area provide a scientic justification to the idea. Developmental local government needs to be dealt with as a complex adaptive system that is informed by the realities of the circumstances of its constituency. That in essence will require creative and innovative practitioners that do require uniform prescripts that need to be applicable to all municipalities irrespective of context,persona, multiplicity and pluralism, as well as dynamics of accountability and responsibility.

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Kiniti, Sarah Nyambura. "A strategic analysis of e-government development among local governments in the Perth metropolitan area : a multi-case exploratory study". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2010. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1819.

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E- Government is defined as the use of information and communication technologies (ICT), particularly the Internet, to deliver government services. Potential benefits of E-Government include increased efficiency and effectiveness in government operations, empowerment of citizens and enhanced social and economic development leading to strengthened conditions for good governance. Governments worldwide have embraced E-Government and set up websites where they conduct their business online with citizens and other stakeholders. Due to the international significance of E-Government, methods and approaches for its development have therefore become an important area of research. Studies of E-Government have typically focused on E-Government at national level and there are few studies that have investigated the issues and challenges of E-Government at local level. This is unfortunate because research suggests that most local governments are struggling to develop effective E-Government initiatives. The problem is further compounded by the fact that the research literature on E-Government does not present clear strategies for local authorities to follow since it is often contradictory and emphasises models of maturity. The purpose of this research, therefore, was to investigate and critically analyse the development of E-Government among local governments. A qualitative research methodology was used to analyse how selected councils in the Perth Metropolitan Area plan for and develop E-Government including an assessment of their operational requirements, objectives, problems and opportunities. The results of the analysis would be used to inform local governments on the design of new ICT solutions that would improve business efficiency and productivity. The findings of this research revealed that local governments often fail to develop a strategy for the development of E-Government. Therefore, a framework for the development of EGovernment based on strategic planning is proposed. A strategic planning approach provides a framework for understanding and addressing all the complex issues in a particular organization. The findings of this research will help to extend important scholarly literature regarding the development of E-Government among local governments. Most studies of E-Government have focused on national level and there have been calls for studies that focus on local government level. Local government is described as the level of government closest to the citizens, providing majority of services and having the greatest level of interaction (Moon, 2002). Previous studies of local E-Government maturity have also been based on theoretical models which do not necessarily represent the reality on the ground. The findings in this study are based on empirical investigation and represent what is happening in practice. The cases selected have been identified as leaders in the use of ICT among local councils in the Perth metropolitan area. Their experiences (how they plan for and develop E-Government including barriers they face and the impacts of E-Government for their communities) can be useful to other local administrators involved in planning for the development of EGovernment.

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Ramsay, David Quentin. "The development of a strategic framework for local government transformation with specific reference to water services in the Cape metropolitan area". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5008.

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Summary in English.
Bibliography: leaves 174-188.
A novel two-dimensional strategic framework is proposed for local government transformation which will ensure sustainable water services within a sustainable city model, and with particular reference to the provision of water services to the metropolitan area of Cape Town. The strategic framework provides a) a means of analysis of existing organizations and their transitional programmes, and b) a means of constructinf a new transformation strategy for an organization, which is both transformational and developmental in orientation and which provides a road-map towards the ultimate goal of a "people centred" and developmental government, a high-capacity institution for services delivery and the sustained delivery of value for money services, and c) a transformation agenda for water and sanitation services in the Cape Metropolitan Area.

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Peláez, Tortosa Antonio J. "State-society relations and grassroots democracy in rural Vietnam : institutional adaptation and limited gramscian hegemony". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3778/.

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Sihlwayi, Nancy Nomadewuka. "The role of women in develpmental local government: a case study of the Wells Estate area in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020111.

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The study investigates the role of women in development which is a favourite topic of the researcher. It investigates some aspects of the process of development involving women. It is obvious that the research was provoked by the legal framework directed at the transformation agenda that represents the democratic process of the country. The role of women, in other sectors, who were excluded from issues of community management, politics and government of the country, became obvious for the researcher due to their strategic role in society which is being undermined. The above view poses the challenge of power-sharing with men. This constituted a huge challenge that emanated from a stereotypical perspective and the fear of the unknown. Considerable pieces of legislation, policies, convention resolutions, conferences and publications became catalysts to intervene in the traditional challenge based on the societal construction. This, to the researcher, presents a clear historical anomaly where government has to address all the streamlining and implementation of policies. There should be sustainability through an Integrated Development Plan. The aim of the historical background of women, as envisaged by the study, is to highlight a contextualised role of women in the development of the transformation process and investigate numerous reasons that impede participation and the readiness of government in addressing these issues. Some questions that the researcher had to as relate to; What the impediments causing non-participation of women are; What elements contribute to the participation of women; What government strategies have unlocked non-participation of women; Why women’s contribution is critical to development; What strategies are deployed by government for women’s involvement? What the socio-economic benefits of participation by women are. It is the researcher’s opinion that the municipality should be complimented on its endeavours. However, they need to establish a strategic programme for empowering women to participate in development as a human rights issue.

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Rockel, Adam J. "The Efficacy of Decentralization in the Republic of Macedonia". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1218568627.

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Namondwe, Ziolire Moyo. "An assessment of public participation processes in the Local government level with specific reference to agricultural programmes in Ntcheu district, Malawi". Thesis, UWC, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3236.

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Masters in Public Administration - MPA
Agriculture is the greatest source of economic development in Malawi. Due to decentralisation process the Ministry of Agriculture and Food security through the Department of Agriculture Extension Services sector established the New Agricultural Extension policy to create participatory processes for farmers needs to be addressed. Research has shown that the more people participate in developmental issues the more their needs are prioritised and addressed as long as participatory structures have a legal backing and are respected by government officials. In Malawi respect of constitution in terms of supporting the local government and district assemblies in particular is minimal such that the elections of local government councillors who are supposed to be local people’s representatives and voting officials in the assembly have been postponed until further notice. This raises questions as to whether farmers concerns are prioritised in the District Executive Committee which reports to the assembly. This research was aimed at assessing participatory processes in the local government of Malawi to establish effectiveness of institutions established to promote participation in agricultural processes and the ability for such institutions to satisfy the farmers’ needs. Considering that Malawi is a vast country and Ntcheu district covers a big area, Njolomole Extension Planning Area was chosen as the case study among other seven Extension Planning Areas within the district. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to gather relevant information. Data collected was analysed and presented inform of figures, chart and tables and is based on objectives and emerging themes. The research has established that participatory structures in agricultural processes are not effective because most of the committees that could allow participation of farmers in planning and decision making at Area and District levels are not operating. Farmers are able to use village committees to raise their concerns and in that way some of their needs are somehow addressed. However, there are challenges in the Agriculture Department, which are affecting implementation of participatory structures.

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Nqwemeshe, Nomvuyo. "The structural arrangements in local government and their role in promoting community participation in basic service delivery: a case study of Emalahleni and Intsika Yethu local municipalities in the Chris Hani District Municipality area". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003103.

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This study analyses the effectiveness of community participation in service delivery. The area of study, the Chris Ham District Municipality (CHDM), is a Water Services Authority, responsible for ensuring access to water services (water and sanitation) by all communities within its jurisdiction. There are eight local municipalities within the CHDM. The objective of this study is to determine whether systems are in place in local government to promote participation by communities in service delivery projects and whether these systems are being utilised efficiently by the role-players concerned. The role-players in this research are people who are involved in community development programmes of the municipality (municipal staff in the relevant departments of the municipalities under study, the social facilitators, civil society organisations, ward committees, ward councillors, traditional authorities as well as the representatives of communities (Project Steering Committees) who are beneficiaries of the projects under study). The projects that are under study were selected from a readily available list of CHDM capital projects that appear in the 2003/2004 financial year funding plan and are running. The findings of the study at both levels (local and district) show that the municipal environment is not conducive to promoting community participation. This is linked to factors such as the structural arrangements, whereby the offices relevant for promoting community participation are not fully occupied, which provided evidence that community participation is not prioritised. There is lack of coordination of programmes within the local government spheres as well within departments of the DM and strategies for community participation have been found to be non-effective. At project level lack of community participation is linked to the utilisation of ward committees as the only mechanism for community participation regardless of its un-equal and party biased representation. This study therefore concludes that although the systems to promote community participation are in place, they are not effective.

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Ajoku-Christopher, Onyenachi Ada. "Factors influencing the lack of dyslexia awareness and its impact on inclusive learning in selected primary schools in Owerri West Local Government Area, Imo state, Nigeria". Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2012. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/8956/.

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This regional research was carried out in Owerri the capital of Imo State, one of the 36 states in Nigeria with the aim of investigating and identifying factors that are responsible for the lack of dyslexia awareness in the area. The study focused particularly on selected primary schools in Owerri West Local Government Area. The study is located in the context of contemporary discourse on dyslexia awareness in Owerri West. Primary source evidence and first hand information which were gathered through discussions and interviews with respondents confirms the status of originality on the findings of the research. Research carried out on database where nothing was found on dyslexia awareness in Owerri West is also evidence of originality of this study. The research sheds light on the effects the lack of dyslexia awareness has on teaching and learning in primary schools in Owerri West and in doing so draws attention to issues raised around the marginalisation of individuals with unidentified specific learning difficulties. A triangulation of qualitative data collection methods was employed to explore and understand disability beliefs, experiences, attitudes, behaviour and interactions with regards to the impact these have on inclusive practices. The findings from these studies were then analysed drawing on a range of disability models including the social model of dyslexia, the social, medical and moral models of disability, as well as social construction theory. This enabled the creation of a more explicit understanding of disability issues as it concerns the society investigated. The overall research findings, especially those derived from the interviews, highlight that factors affecting the lack of dyslexia awareness are located in the society’s predominant understanding of disability, the cultural perceptions of disability based on historical practices, incomprehensive disability definition featuring in policy and the lack of awareness of the nature and dimensions of invisible/hidden disabilities like dyslexia in national disability policy. Based on these findings the study concludes that ideologies around disability and inclusion are more geared towards the medical and moral models of disability. Furthermore, it concludes that the lack of an extensive understanding of disability and disability rights, which are very much features of a social model construct of disability, has impacted negatively on inclusive practices and perceived understanding of who is deemed educable. Following this, a number of recommendations were made including the need for robust teacher training programmes which will raise the awareness and understanding of dyslexia and in so doing improve the learning experiences of children with dyslexia.

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Bob, Thandile. "Challenges of public participation in the implementation of portable toilets in South Africa: A case study of Makhaza area in Cape Town, Western Cape Province (2011-2015)". University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6204.

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Magister Administrationis - MAdmin
This research critically sought to conduct a study, to find out whether there was public participation prior to the installation of portable flush toilets (porta potties) in Makhaza Area, Khayelitsha, during 2011-2015. A discussion of a theoretical framework on public participation and decision making forms the basis upon which this study is grounded. The study proceeded to explore public participation in public policy in the local South African context with a specific focus on the legislative environment. To gather information, a maximum number of 30 households in the area of study were interviewed using the technique of purposive sampling falling under non-probability sampling. The selected participants have a distinct connection with the phenomenon under research, and adequate and significant living knowledge of public participation, but have not participated in the process of public participation. Furthermore, both qualitative and quantitative approaches were followed in order to enrich the study deeply.

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Allison, Hylton. "Opinion's of local government and the food and beverage sector on the potable water resource management in the Cape Metropolitan Area : is there common ground or not?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4827.

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Ogunyewo, Oluwatoyin Abayomi. "Development of a training programme for school health nurses on guiding adolescents in their decision-making about reproductive health in Ijebu Ode local government area of Nigeria". University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5619.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
This study focused on developing an intervention programme for school health nurses on guiding adolescents in their decision-making on reproductive health. A review of literature shows that this role is necessary, as there is a great need to reduce adolescents' morbidity and mortality rates due to poor decision-making about their reproductive health. School health nurses are strategically positioned to perform this role in ensuring that adolescents are well guided in making responsible decisions about their reproductive health. However, available evidence shows that school health nurses have not been performing this role in the school health service, especially in Nigeria. The provision of guidance for adolescents, on making decisions about their reproductive health is an adaptive role of school health nurses. The literature further shows that school health nurses require adequate preparation before they can perform this role. The study was conducted in the secondary school environment of Ijebu Ode local government area of Nigeria. Work role performance theory, adult learning principles, and experiential learning constituted the theoretical point of departure for this study. The paradigmatic assumptions revolved around intrepretivism/constructionism using the qualitative methodological approach. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were the means of obtaining information from study participants for the study. The Intervention Design and Development model of Rothman and Thomas (2013) was used to design the study. The participants for the study were eight school health nurses, five school teachers, thirty-six adolescents, and one school health coordinator. They were all purposively selected. The data collected was analysed manually using inductive content analysis. The main findings from the interviews show that school health nurses have a poor awareness of their role and responsibilities, a lack of knowledge on how adolescents make their decisions, a lack of adequate knowledge on how to guide adolescents in their decision-making. The findings also show that there is poor interpersonal communication between school health nurses, and adolescents, and between school health nurses and members of the teaching staff. The findings further show that there are insufficient continuous professional development programmes. Results from integrative reviews regarding the types of intervention programmes that had been developed for school health nurses at different times in the past focused on role orientation, knowledge and skills acquisition, and mutual interaction between school health nurses and adolescents, and members of the teaching staff. The findings reflect a gap in how school health nurses provide guidance to school adolescents in decision-making on their reproductive health, hence the need for a training programme that will assist them in discharging this function effectively. A training programme was designed and developed for school health nurses to assist them on guiding adolescents in their decision making about their reproductive health. The training programme was pilot tested with observational methods, an interview being used as a means of assessing the quality and outcomes of the training programme. The results of the pilot test show the participants' satisfaction with the organisation and the quality of the training workshop. Participants indicated that they had gained more knowledge and understanding of adolescent reproductive issues, and their decision-making processes. They also said that they had gained more interpersonal skills, and greater communication skills. Some expressed the conviction that they had gained more confidence in their ability to communicate with the teaching staff. Some also expressed their readiness to apply the skills obtained during the training to their practice area. It is recommended that the training programme be fully evaluated in phase five of the Intervention Design and Development model of Rothman and Thomas, which will enable full dissemination and implementation of the programme (Rothman and Thomas, 2013). It is further recommended that the training programme be disseminated to end users (school health nurses) by sensitizing the necessary stake-holders on the need to use the training programme for school health nurses in their respective school contexts.

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Lyshall, Linda. "Collaboration and Climate Action at the Local Scale". Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1303754240.

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Fu, Shiu Yun. "The relationship between culture, attitude, social networks and quality of life in midlife Australian and Taiwanese men and women". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16408/1/Shiu-Yun_Fu_Thesis.pdf.

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Background of the Study The aims of this study was to specifically investigate the differences in culture, attitude towards life and social networks between Australian and Taiwanese men and women in addition to determining the factors that predict midlife men and women's quality of life in both countries. Because individualism and collectivism are the two most thoroughly researched constructs in inter-cultural and cross-cultural studies we should look at how these construct affects societies. The theme for individualist cultures (such as Western cultures) is autonomy, while the theme for collectivist cultures (such as Asian cultures) is connection. Most literature available on individualism and collectivism note all cultures have different values that influence their society and ultimately a person's individual health outcome. Very little work has been undertaken in this domain in Australia or Taiwan, particularly in the area of midlife transition and from a cultural perspective. Methodology Data was collected from a cross-sectional, supervised self-administered survey using census data and a probability proportional sampling (PPS) strategy on a general population of men and women aged 40-59 years old who live permanently in Brisbane, Australia and Taipei, Taiwan. The study population was divided into 163 Statistical Local Areas (SLAs) in Brisbane, and 449 Local Government Communities (LGCs) in Taipei. Sixty clusters were randomly selected using probability proportional sampling (PPS) to obtain 30 Australian clusters and 30 Taiwanese clusters. In this study, the 30 (areas) by 7(people) method was used with an additional strategy. The variables were measured including: culture (vertical and horizontal individualism and collectivism), attitude towards life (the total score of optimism), social networks (the total score of emotional, informational, affectionate, tangible, and positive social interaction) and quality of life (physical, psychological, social, and environmental health), social demographical factors and religion and spiritualty. The data analysis procedure included descriptive, bivarite and multivariate multiple regressions and classifications and regression trees (CART). A comparison of the linear regression and regression tree results were discussed. All data analysis was performed by SPSS and S-Plus softwares. Results The overall response rate for the study was 84.2% for midlife Australian men and women and 88.4% for midlife Taiwanese men and women this resulted in 278 Australians (45.3% men) and 398 Taiwanese (35.4% men) providing data to be analysed. Findings in this study indicated country of residence has an overwhelming impact on quality of life with significant differences seen between midlife Australian and Taiwanese men and women (F4, 666= 59.31, P< .001). Results suggest midlife Australian men and women have a better quality of life than midlife Taiwanese men and women. In addition, a comparison of the linear regression and regression tree results reveals that two models identified the same major affect variable for different countries of residence: which was attitude towards life in midlife Australians and social networks in midlife Taiwanese. However, regression trees were able to capture important nonlinear effects as well as interactions between cultural attribute variables. This study demonstrated culture significantly involves multiple functions and interacts with attitude towards life, social networks and individual factors to influence a person's quality of life. The interaction of cultural circumstances and the internal and external factors involved, show less comparative attributes and increased equality attributes, defining the need for people to have a good social networks and a healthy positive disposition. Conclusion Because of the ever increasing flexibility of world travel and a global population, people have much more opportunity to interact with many other cultures which would create improvement in learning opportunities and better health management effectiveness for people the world over. This study has addressed and contributed to the assessment of multi-cultural quality of life research and has important implications for all health professions in addition to government departments and organisational policy makers of both countries. And finally, this study has identified that there needs to be a concerted effort to implement major policy shifts in the near future because of the changing fabric of modern societies. At the same time technology and globalisation have advanced rapidly and point to new opportunities within and across countries for more diverse approaches in research and the implementation of policy initiatives to occur. This study has highlighted that opportunities exist to reflect on current policies for Australian and Taiwanese societies to provide enhanced opportunities to care for the growing midlife populations.

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Fu, Shiu Yun. "The relationship between culture, attitude, social networks and quality of life in midlife Australian and Taiwanese men and women". Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16408/.

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Background of the Study The aims of this study was to specifically investigate the differences in culture, attitude towards life and social networks between Australian and Taiwanese men and women in addition to determining the factors that predict midlife men and women's quality of life in both countries. Because individualism and collectivism are the two most thoroughly researched constructs in inter-cultural and cross-cultural studies we should look at how these construct affects societies. The theme for individualist cultures (such as Western cultures) is autonomy, while the theme for collectivist cultures (such as Asian cultures) is connection. Most literature available on individualism and collectivism note all cultures have different values that influence their society and ultimately a person's individual health outcome. Very little work has been undertaken in this domain in Australia or Taiwan, particularly in the area of midlife transition and from a cultural perspective. Methodology Data was collected from a cross-sectional, supervised self-administered survey using census data and a probability proportional sampling (PPS) strategy on a general population of men and women aged 40-59 years old who live permanently in Brisbane, Australia and Taipei, Taiwan. The study population was divided into 163 Statistical Local Areas (SLAs) in Brisbane, and 449 Local Government Communities (LGCs) in Taipei. Sixty clusters were randomly selected using probability proportional sampling (PPS) to obtain 30 Australian clusters and 30 Taiwanese clusters. In this study, the 30 (areas) by 7(people) method was used with an additional strategy. The variables were measured including: culture (vertical and horizontal individualism and collectivism), attitude towards life (the total score of optimism), social networks (the total score of emotional, informational, affectionate, tangible, and positive social interaction) and quality of life (physical, psychological, social, and environmental health), social demographical factors and religion and spiritualty. The data analysis procedure included descriptive, bivarite and multivariate multiple regressions and classifications and regression trees (CART). A comparison of the linear regression and regression tree results were discussed. All data analysis was performed by SPSS and S-Plus softwares. Results The overall response rate for the study was 84.2% for midlife Australian men and women and 88.4% for midlife Taiwanese men and women this resulted in 278 Australians (45.3% men) and 398 Taiwanese (35.4% men) providing data to be analysed. Findings in this study indicated country of residence has an overwhelming impact on quality of life with significant differences seen between midlife Australian and Taiwanese men and women (F4, 666= 59.31, P< .001). Results suggest midlife Australian men and women have a better quality of life than midlife Taiwanese men and women. In addition, a comparison of the linear regression and regression tree results reveals that two models identified the same major affect variable for different countries of residence: which was attitude towards life in midlife Australians and social networks in midlife Taiwanese. However, regression trees were able to capture important nonlinear effects as well as interactions between cultural attribute variables. This study demonstrated culture significantly involves multiple functions and interacts with attitude towards life, social networks and individual factors to influence a person's quality of life. The interaction of cultural circumstances and the internal and external factors involved, show less comparative attributes and increased equality attributes, defining the need for people to have a good social networks and a healthy positive disposition. Conclusion Because of the ever increasing flexibility of world travel and a global population, people have much more opportunity to interact with many other cultures which would create improvement in learning opportunities and better health management effectiveness for people the world over. This study has addressed and contributed to the assessment of multi-cultural quality of life research and has important implications for all health professions in addition to government departments and organisational policy makers of both countries. And finally, this study has identified that there needs to be a concerted effort to implement major policy shifts in the near future because of the changing fabric of modern societies. At the same time technology and globalisation have advanced rapidly and point to new opportunities within and across countries for more diverse approaches in research and the implementation of policy initiatives to occur. This study has highlighted that opportunities exist to reflect on current policies for Australian and Taiwanese societies to provide enhanced opportunities to care for the growing midlife populations.

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Van, Heerden Garth William. "Constraints to the implementation of a market development approach to the delivery of business Development Services within the Makana municipal area". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007746.

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South Africa's biggest challenge remains the high rate of unemployment especially among the country's youth. Small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) have been shown to be instrumental in many third world economies as a sustainable means not only to address unemployment but also to contribute significantly to economic growth. Despite government's good intentions and support, the South African SMME sector is not growing as expected and this is impacting negatively on unemployment creation in the country. Good business development services (BDS) is necessary to support SMMEs and specifically the Market Development Approach to the provision of BDS, where subsidies are replaced by private payment for services. Makana municipal area provided scope for analysing the constraints to the implementation of such business development services. Analysing the scope and magnitude of the constraints in this setting would contribute to understanding the constraints also in other parts of the country and help officials in local economic development make better informed decisions regarding support to SMMEs. Authors like Rogerson (2011), UNDP (2004), Miehlbradt and McVay, (2003), the Committee of Donor Agencies for SME Development (Blue book) (2001) and Bear et al., (2001) Gibson (2001), propose that the key to sustainable BDS is the implementation of the Market Development approach which focusses on for-profit activities in the provision of BDS to SMMEs. The aim of this study was to examine perceptions of key stakeholders towards SMME support and development, to identify the constraints to the implementation of a Market Development approach to the provision of business development services to SMMEs in the Makana area and to make recommendations to the Makana LED office of possible intervention strategies to address identified constraints. Purposive sampling was used to identify key stakeholders in SMME support in the Makana area in the categories of, big institutional buyers, public and private BDS providers as well the municipal LED office. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with each stakeholder using questions shown in appendixes A to D. Perceptions of all key stakeholders were very positive with good intentions to support SMMEs. However, this was not consistent with procurement practice at the big institutional buyers. Constraints are summarized in the following five themes: Theme 1. Inconsistent practice in dealing with SMMEs across the organisation. Theme 2. Absence of a cooperative body or Chamber of Commerce. Theme 3. Fragmented Business Development Services. Theme 4. A lack of a culture of cost recovery. Theme 5. Limited awareness of BDS in the Makana area. A number of recommendations were suggested. Big institutional buyers like Rhodes University and Makana municipality need to take a longer term view and move the focus from employment creation to enterprise support which is a more sustainable and empowering source of employment (ILO, 2009). The Grahamstown Chamber of Commerce should become more representative and big institutional buyers also need to be convinced of the value of private BDS. Stakeholders should work together to combine resources to offer a comprehensive one-stop BDS for the Makana area (Chetty, 2009) and this comprehensive BDS should be provided according to the Market Development approach focusing on those services that lend themselves better to this approach whilst using subsidies only for those services with a low potential for cost recovery (UNDP, 2004).

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Di, Giorgi Francesco. "Sviluppo locale e digital divide". Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1065.

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L oggetto della ricerca si incentra nella correlazione tra il fenomeno dello sviluppo locale e la problematica del digital divide. L intento che si intende perseguire consiste nella formulazione di ipotesi di risposta ad alcune domande poste in relazione alle due tematiche citate. In altri termini ci si chiede se gli strumenti tipici dello sviluppo locale possano o meno svolgere un ruolo nella riduzione, o quantomeno, nel contenimento del divario digitale inteso nella sua duplice versione ossia differenza nella dotazione all accesso alla rete internet e disparità nel grado di alfabetizzazione informatica. Inoltre si intende comprendere se, colmato il divario, possano derivare, o meno, effetti tali da contribuire allo sviluppo di un territorio. Per cercare di rispondere alle domande formulate, occorrerà pertanto capire cosa si intende per digital divide studiando, il fenomeno sin dalla sua nascita nonché analizzando le diverse ipotesi di evoluzione del divario nel tempo e, contestualmente, la differente morfologia che esso assume in base al contesto di riferimento. Occorre, infatti, notare che il divario digitale non è un fenomeno statico, legato esclusivamente all avvento della nuova tecnologia internet, ma un concetto in continua evoluzione, noto nell ambiente come moving target. Pertanto, si affronteranno le differenti accezioni del fenomeno concentrandosi in particolare su due fattispecie: il digital divide strutturale e quello reale. Sarà quindi trattata la tematica dell accesso alla rete internet, sia da un punto di vista giuridico che tecnico, al fine di acquisire gli strumenti necessari per comprendere le modalità di ridurre il divario digitale. Una volta quindi compreso il fenomeno e le relative ragioni di resistenza del mercato si passeranno in rassegna i recenti interventi governativi sia di stampo comunitario che nazionale volti alla riduzione del digital divide. Verranno presi, invece, in analisi i diversi interventi realizzati dalle regioni italiane ad eccezione della regione Sicilia. Attraverso l analisi rivolta alle diverse realtà locali italiane, si cercherà di valutare l eventuale efficienza dell intervento locale in merito alla riduzione del divario digitale con particolare riferimento ai Fondi rurali, sottolineando, se del caso, le best practices riscontrate. Alla luce dei risultati ottenuti verrà affrontata la questione della riduzione del divario digitale nella regione siciliana prendendo in considerazioni il ruolo delle istituzioni, le caratteristiche del territorio, la crescita della popolazione, l attuale divario digitale rilevato, l eventuale presenza di operatori locali virtuosi delle comunicazioni, nonché le potenzialità intrinseche legate all utilizzo di internet quale utile strumento di crescita economico-sociale. Si trarranno, infine, le conclusioni di quanto posto nel corso della trattazione per prospettare delle risposte ipotizzabili alle domande poste fornendo da un lato alcuni spunti di riflessione su possibili ipotesi di intervento e dall altro prendendo in considerazione i virtuosismi riscontrati in rete tali da creare un effetto positivo nello sviluppo locale del territorio.

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Payne, Kenneth F. "The entrepreneurial powers of local government: Dillon's Rule revisited". 2003. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3110542.

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This dissertation shows that Dillon's Rule, which holds that local governments have no powers except those conferred on them by state constitution or law, is no longer a reasonable basis for limiting the economic development powers of local government in the United States. The Rule was a nineteenth formulation. Economic development, it is now understood, requires local governments to act creatively and be responsive to locally specific conditions and opportunities. However, according to Dillon's Rule, which is the fundamental expression of local government powers in the United States, local governments enjoy neither negative nor positive liberty; they cannot be creative except as authorized by the state. An express purpose of Dillon's Rule was to prevent local governments from fostering or engaging in economic activity that could be undertaken by the private sector. Dillon's Rule was promulgated in the nineteenth century and definitively adopted by the U.S. Supreme Court in the early twentieth century. Judge John F. Dillon, architect of the Rule, argued that the Rule was historically correct, prudent, derived from sound theory, and consistent with precedent. This dissertation critically examines these four arguments in light of subsequent scholarship. It also questions whether the Rule remains useful and concludes that it does not. It contextualizes the Rule showing that its promulgation made sense in terms of the early history of Iowa local government, that its adoption was in keeping with laissez-faire capitalism and Progressivism, and that its acceptance was consistent with the cultural logic of the welfare state. The dissertation uses history to provide a liberation from an embedded formulation. The dissertation is the first work to analyze Dillon's arguments supporting the Rule in the light of subsequent scholarship and participates in “unthinking” the nineteenth century. It contributes to the understanding both of the relationship between planning and power and of the constitutive role that economic development can play in the formation and maintenance of vibrant local communities.

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Oyiboka, Ifeoma Jennifer. "Effects of landfill sites on groundwater quality in Igando, Alimosho Localgovernment Area, Lagos state". Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18733.

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With increasing population comes the concern for waste disposal. The absence of sanitary disposal methods has left most city residents with open landfills as their only source of waste disposal. The resulting leachate formed from the decomposition of these waste materials is highly polluting and finds its way to the underground water supply. The study investigated the effects of open landfill sites on the underground water quality by examining the physical and chemical properties of underground water in hand-dug wells around the Solous landfill sites in Igando, Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos State. Solous landfill is the second largest landfill by landmass and volume of waste in Lagos State. Systematic random sampling was used for data gathering. Eighteen hand-dug wells were sampled at increasing distances from the landfill site. Physical, chemical and microbiological parameters were analysed at the Lagos State Environmental Protection Agency (LASEPA). Soil samples were also taken from both the A (0 – 30cm) and B (30 – 60cm) horizons of the water sampling points to determine the soil texture (silt, clay and loamy composition) and to show the impact of soil texture on ground water quality within the sampled area. The level of contamination of groundwater was also determined using the Contamination Index method. The results showed high degree of conformance with W.H.O standard with respect to the microbiological properties of the sampled groundwater. However, coliform tests indicated the potential presence of pathogens. Of the seven (7) physical parameters tested, conductivity was higher in one sample. The study of chemical properties from the eighteen wells showed five (5) parameters (dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, iron, lead, nitrates and copper) above W.H.O limits in some samples. The water may therefore not be safe for human consumption and there is a serious need to monitor the groundwater quality in the area. The level of contamination of groundwater was also determined using the Contamination Index method. Areas of high and medium contamination were discovered. There was no area with low contamination level in the area sampled. Contamination levels were mapped to show the exact levels of contamination in the study area. The results of the soil analysis showed that the study area had soil that was mostly sandy in nature which may suggest an increase in parameters over time with significant health implications for the people who depend on surrounding wells for domestic use. The study also showed no significant variation in water quality with increasing distance from the dump site. Findings also indicated that the water around Solous 1 was of better quality for domestic use than groundwater around Solous 2 and 3 due to temporal reduction of contaminant concentration. There is therefore a need for adequate and proper planning, design and construction, and strategic management disposal of waste, as well as the implementation of a better sustainable environmental sanitation practice.
Environmental Sciences
M. Sc. (Environmental Science)

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33

Chetty, Sarasvathy. "Customer relationship management within the local government : a case study of eThekwini Municipality". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9719.

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The Batho Pele principles (enshrined in our Constitution) redefined the relations between the users of municipal goods and services and municipalities. It compels local municipalities to comply with certain requirements such as providing tools and mechanisms to encourage citizens to participate in its decision making processes as well as improving relations with its customers. eThekwini Municipality created two business units namely the Community Participation Unit and the Regional Centres Unit. The Community Participation Unit is responsible for mobilizing the local rural and urban communities to participate in local government elections. The Regional Centres Unit is responsible for improving relations between the users of municipal goods and services and the municipality by providing access to local government services at the doorstep of citizens, improving customer relationships, identifying and implementing initiatives to enable customers to interact with the municipality when they want to, where they want to and how they want to. Citizens and municipal customers are a captive market. Municipal goods and services in the main can only be sourced from the municipality. The perceptions of municipal customers towards the municipality were mostly negative. There were no precedents that could be learnt from and this was a paradigm shift from government to governance. eThekwini Municipality looked to private sector practices for models, philosophies and practices that could be useful for achieving change as well as compliance with legislation. Companies in the private sector have to compete for customers and whilst price may be a differentiating factor, it is not sustainable to compete on pricing alone. To remain competitive and survive, companies are dependent on strategies that provide them with a competitive edge such as CRM. CRM initially was used describe software that collected and analysed data on customers assisting companies to become agile in responding to their clients, to enable them to reward their loyal customers and to be able to predict and pre-empt changes in buying behavior and preferences of their customers. It evolved into a philosophy on customer service focused on providing customers with a satisfying experience in every interaction with the company. It is used to identify improvements in the business operating model to improve delivery to the customer and to the market. This study is based on a case study of the experiences of the eThekwini Municipality in implementing CRM initiatives and the impact on relations with municipal customers. The study is based on test sampling, review of documentation and interviews with senior management in eThekwini Municipality. The results of the study are discussed with recommendations.
Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2010.

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Gama, Simoes Gomes Nadir Alexandra. "Preferential procurement in local government : a case study in the city of Tshwane metropolitan area". Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27827.

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It has been recognized in several countries that governments need to intervene in order to help socially and economically disadvantaged individuals in the society to compete in the economy with those who have gained historical advantage. Governments have changed legislation in favour of the disadvantaged, so that to ensure that they participate in the economy in a more fairly manner and the standards of living of their communities are improved. Local Government at the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality has been given a greater responsibility in relation to Local Economic Development. A major challenge is encountered given that the new areas, which were, integrated recently, lack infrastructure and are rural in nature. Preferential procurement has been identified as a tool of socio-economic development in South Africa. However, a policy needs to be done, properly implemented, and monitored so that it can achieve the desired results.
Dissertation (MCom (Business Management))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Business Management
unrestricted

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35

Hung-Nien, Chang, i 張宏年. "A Study of the Evaluation of the Local Government Expenditure and the Cost-Malmquist in Taiwan Area". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30575067089459491021.

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碩士
嶺東科技大學
財務金融研究所
96
This paper uses the input-oriented Malmquist productivity index (IM),the dual cost Malmquist productivity index (CM),and their decomposition Maniadakis & Thanassoulis,（2004）,to estimate the productivity change in the Taiwan area Local Government .The CM index, which is comprised of cost efficiency and technical change, can be further decomposed into four components: production technical efficiency change, allocative efficiency change, technical efficiency change, and input-price effect. Empirical results show that between 2002-2006,the industry-wide cost efficiency was 68.37 %,and that cost inefficiency was mainly due to production technical inefficiency. During the same periods, both IM and CM were near 1.0,indicating no improvement in productivity in the banking industry. However, the decomposition of the IM and CM showed slight progress in production technology, and improvement in the input-price effect on production cost. The improvement in productivity was nevertheless discounted by deterioration over time in both technical efficiency and allocative efficiency.

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36

Alawode, Akinyemi Oluwafemi. "Constructing mission praxis for sustainable socio-economic development amongst the rural poor of Oluyole Local Government (Oyo State), Nigeria". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/12081.

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Extreme poverty is the most devastating problem facing the human race, because it condemns nearly half of the world‘s population to hunger, disease and oppression-often with little or no hope for the future. The human beings made in the image of God are tragically prevented from realizing their God given potentials because of poverty. The reality of poverty can be overwhelming, but we must understand that this age old adversary can be defeated. According to the famous maxim ―If you give a man a fish, he will eat for a day, but if you teach a man how to fish, he will eat for a lifetime‖. Therefore, the best way to fight poverty is to empower the people to shape their own future-to treat the causes of poverty and not just the symptoms (Stearns: 2010, 300) Key
Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology
D. Th. (Missiology)

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Pillay, Udeshtra. "The regional services council debacle in Durban c. 1984-1989". Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4358.

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This research project explores the restructuring of local government in the Durban Metropolitan Area (DMA) and, in particular, the delay in the implementation of Regional Services Councils (RSCs) in this region. During the late 1980's, both as an ongoing process of implementing apartheid and in response to various crises, the South African state has reformulated and restructured legislation and policies which have a regional dimension. The reform and restructuring of local and regional government have emerged as some of the central components of this strategy. The development which has changed the face of local government most obviously in recent years has been the introduction of RSCs. These bodies have been established in all the major metropolitan regions in South Africa, except Durban. While the Durban area was expected to host South Africa's first operational RSC, a protracted stalemate has developed over the implementation of these bodies. Informed by a theoretical conceptualisation of the research problem, which was found to lie at the interface of the concepts of local government restructuring and questions on the nature of the region, and the direct and indirect methods of investigation and data gathering, the study documents and seeks to explain the RSC impasse in the region. The practical import and significance of the conclusions reached from this study extend beyond the explanation of the RSC debacle in Durban . They offer insights into the power and influence that locality-based structures can wield in defining and redefining concepts of the metropolitan region. In addition, they enhance an understanding of the Natal/KwaZulu region, its proclaimed 'specificity', and the way in which this specificity has impacted on political developments here.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1990.

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Wang, Fu-lin, i 王福林. "A Research in Collaboration as Competitive Strategy Across Local Government－Integrated Development of Central Taiwan Science Park at Taichung Area". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87977959150168857286.

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碩士
逢甲大學
公共政策所
95
Faced with the fast changing global society, public policy issues are becoming more complicated and sophisticated gradually. Governments have been putting emphasis on finding more innovative and effective administration policies are necessary to suffice the needs of an increasingly diverse public. For the past 10 years, our government has been placing countless efforts in revolutionizing our administrative power for more efficiency, enforcing the importance of civil services and pressing for effect with our administration system. Hence improving the management of our government, and creating changes in the power structure from the traditional government system. The relationships between different offices are in need of re-establishment. Rather than sticking to the traditional unidirectional controls, the our Taiwanese public policy making now involves the united efforts of many public and private organizations instead of just between local and central government. The construction of the Central Taiwan Science Park fully displays the administrative abilities of the government. The governing methods are of high research values. This paper will be focused on evaluating the importance and prominence of “Collaboration as Competitive Strategy Across Local Governments”, addressing the three main measurement indicating perspectives: “Central Government Policy”, “Competition of Local Government”, and “Collaboration of Local Government”, and finding the effecting factors to “Collaboration as Competitive Strategy Across Local Governments” through documents, case-studies and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Discussions with specialists placed “Financial Budget”, “Legal Environment”, “Budgets Usage”, “Urbanization”, “Environmental Protection”, “Political Influcences”, “Land Provision” and “Human Resources” as eight main indicating factors with which surveys were based on. The results of these surveys are then filtered under computer software “Expert Choice” with these eight indicating factors for relative weighting and consistency ratio. The stress criterion evaluation, priority criterion evaluation, weighting and ranking of indicating perspectives of all levels, and weighting and ranking of indicating perspectives of the whole are consistent. Hence we may conclude that the “Collaboration as Competitive Strategy Across Local Governments”, whether in importance or prominence, places the “Collaboration of Local Governments” ahead of “Central Government Policy” and the “Competition of Local Government” is placed at last, showing that regional public policies and general regional development can only function effectively through mutual collaboration of local governments and complementing their resources for mutual benefits and for better regional collaborations.

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Yao, Liang, i 梁耀. "The Contracture of The Consumption Spatial Landscape in Hang-Zhou West Lake area: The Transformation of Local Government and Spatial Development". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/b225qm.

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碩士
銘傳大學
媒體空間設計研究所碩士班
95
Abstract The People of Republic China had been opened its markets to the countries of the world since 1978，the levels of governments of Mainland China had reconstructed its towns and cities from the appearance of old to the appearance of modernization and consumption in a very short period. These landmarks were concerned not only by their urban scholars but also by the foreigner urban scholars. This research surveys the processes and factors of shaping Nansun Road, east of the West Lake’s business landmark, by the Hang-Zhou City Government, the Chekiang Province’s Military Area, the Department of Military’s Politic, and the Old Cadre Communist. During the 2002s.for example, the Hang-Zhou City Government integrated their ownership rights, use rights, and management rights to co-construct its business landmark. Meanwhile, working together with the Chekiang Province’s Military Area, the Department of Military’s Politic, and the Old Cadre Communist to create the mass landmarks of modernization, commoditization, and gentrification in the West Lake’s coffee and wine bar industry. After that, I also to survey the transformation process and factor from the Coffee and Wine bar industry to the Chinese-West restaurant industry on Nansun Road, east of the West Lake, in the 2oo3s~ 2007s. As for the method of research, I use more interviews than others, due to the shortage of relate data. And as for the research content, I prefer to discuss the transformation and shaping of processes and factors in the West Lake‘s Coffee and Wine bar industry. In my opinion that transformation and shaping business landmark link to the debts of history and many capitals were flowed in Shanghai, resulted in the Hang-Zhou City Government’s mechanize started its operation, and directly promoted its landmark of spatial and consumption development. After my interviews to the officers of the Hang-Zhou City Government and the owners of the West Lake’s coffee and wine bar industry, I found that previously studies of the special streets and commercial streets did not to express or analysis Local Government and the transformation of the West Lake’s Industry Space by the New System Economic Theory or the Urbana’s Differential Land Rent Theory. But to analysis the field of Industry Chain, Urbana’s Ecology, and the Change Theory of Social’s Demographic. “To express or analysis local government and the transformation of the West Lake’s industry space by the New System Economic Theory or the Urbana’s Differential Land Rent Theory” is the core concepts of my research, I hope can value and contribute to the field of academic studies.

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Lesia, Lelokoana E. "Public participation in local government in South Africa : a case study on decision making in street naming in KwaMashu township of the eThekwini Municipality". Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7785.

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This research is aimed at investigating public participation in street naming in the KwaMashu Township of the eThekwini municipality in South Africa. Public participation in policy decision-making in post-apartheid South Africa has been characterised by conflict and contestation. Authentic public participation in local governance has been the subject of considerable research and the concept is often regarded as an ideal because of the numerous challenges associated with the practical implementation of authentic public participation in post-apartheid South Africa. Decision making in local governance is meant to be grounded on public participation. However, the realisation of authentic public participation in decision-making in local governance remains a challenge for local government in South Africa. In this study, I examine the process of public participation in street naming in the KwaMashu Township. I employed public participation as my theoretical framework. I adopted a qualitative research methodology which comprises of semi-structured interviews and documents analysis. Four key questions are explored in the study are as follows: firstly, what is the contextualization and understanding of public participation in the eThekwini municipality? Secondly, what is the extent of public participation in street naming, in the KwaMashu Township of the eThekwini municipality? Thirdly, how does public participation in street naming in the KwaMashu Township, influence decision making within the eThekwini municipality? Fourthly, how does political party affiliation impact on public participation in KwaMashu Township? Results of the research study indicate that community members in the KwaMashu Township do not share common perceptions of the extent of their participation in the street naming process. The study further reveals that community participation in issues of local governance in KwaMashu, are influenced by political affiliation of community members. These findings indicate that public participation should be detached from party politics for the development of communities in South Africa.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

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Bokho, Chrispin P. "Assessment of the effectiveness of Area Development Commitees (ADCs) in Decentralization : a case of Ntchisi District in Malawi". Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14353.

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Decentralization is an approach Malawi government is using to accelerate development. In order to achieve this, local structures like ADCs were instituted to improve community participation and enhance demand driven type of development. This study examined the effectiveness of the ADCs in decentralization. The study was conducted in TAs Chilowoko and Kalumo in Ntchisi district. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used. Through random sampling, 97 respondents were interviewed using a household questionnaire. Two focus group discussions and 14 key informant interviews were also done. Analysis of the quantitative data collected was done using Scientific Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) tool while the qualitative data was analyzed manually using common themes that emerged from the findings. The results show that the community members do not commonly know ADCs and that they do not have autonomy to enhance community participation in decision making. ADCs do not have the autonomy to operate as custodians of development. ADCs are also facing many challenges that include lack of operational resources, incentives, transport and political infringement. On the overall, therefore, the study recommends that there is need to create awareness on the existence of the ADCs and other local structures to the community members. Secondly, there is need to review the National Decentralization Policy, Local Government Act and the Guidebook on decentralization in Malawi
Development Studies
M. A. (Development Studies)

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42

Mbambo, Vincent Mondli. "Community participation in local governance : a systemic analysis of Ethekwini Municipality's design for effectiveness". Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1781.

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The study did a systemic analysis of eThekwini Municipality's design for effectiveness looking at community participation in local governance. The study was conducted by using Participatory Action Research methodology. The researcherwas able to determine emergent themes. The findings revealed that firstly, people view the Municipality's system of governance as unresponsive. This is because of lack of effective mechanisms of communication between the councillors, officials and the communities. Moreover, there is lack of delivery of services to the community, resulting in people feeling that their needs are not being addressed; therefore there being no need to participate. Secondly, there is also a general feeling that local government does not consult with the people when taking decisions on crucial matters. Thirdly, there is uncertainty about whether community inputs have any influence on decision-making. This concern was expressed in a variety of ways, including the feeling that their input did not matter because the essential decision 'appears' to have already been made before the participation process commencesor ends. Fourthly, there is overwhelming evidence that there is a direct correlation between participation levels and unhappiness and dissatisfaction around the levels of service delivery of the municipality. Lastly people at the grassroots level do not have knowledge on how government structures function. This makes it difficult for them to have meaningful and effective means of participation. All the undesirable effects outlined above, provide a sound and compelling basis on justification for a Community Participation Policy design. While the legislation prescribing citizen and community abounds, local government authorities have remained indifferent; or they have not been visible in pursuing methods and mechanisms that foster citizen participation in project management and decision making processes. As a result of this study, the Council has made the amendment of Section 12 of the Municipal Structures Act to ensure that eThekwini Municipality becomes a ward participatory type of municipality. Also, community participation policy has been developed to change the present situation or context that invited the problem on ineffective participation. The policy aims at changing mindsets for municipal officials so that they take the issue of involving communities more seriously.
Thesis (M.Com.)-University of Kwazulu Natal, 2005.

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Estevez, Jimenez Luis. "Government Regulations and Housing Markets: An Index to Characterize Local Land Use Regulatory Environments for Residential Markets in the Houston - Galveston Area". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-10824.

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Affordability continues to be a major challenge for housing in America. According to the Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University (JCHS), in 2006, 57 million households were moderately and severely cost burdened in America. Although high housing prices and the lack of real income growth are cited as the main factors behind the housing affordability problem, it has been proven that land use regulations have some responsibility in this matter as well. Data from the JCHS suggests that between 2002 and 2005, the average appreciation percentage in housing prices was greater in most stringent regulatory environments when compared to less restrictive environments. Despite this fact, and compared to analyses performed in other states, the relationship between the stringency of local land use regulatory environments and housing has not been fully addressed in Texas. The methodological approach used to characterize this relationship has been by means of the creation of a composite index measuring the stringency of local regulatory environments. In response to this lack of evidence of the characteristics of local land use regulatory environments in Texas, this research created the first city-level index characterizing local regulatory environments for housing markets in the Houston-Galveston Area. The index was created taking into account both the different and the most recent practices for the creation of indices. The index created proved to be a valid and reliable measure capable of taking into account the different aspects of the relationship between land use regulations and housing markets. Correlation procedures allowed the detection of a significant relationship between the stringency of local land use regulatory environments and local traits such as median family income, race distribution, poverty, and median housing values. After alternative indices were developed for a sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, the index proved to be a statistically robust measure against modifications on the different assumptions used for its creation. Further research could use this new composite index in empirical analysis to look at the statistical effect of regulatory environments on variables such as housing values and rent prices.

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Dladla, Alfred Makhosathini. "Implementation of strategies and programmes aimed at boosting local economic development at Sobonakhona Makhanya Traditional Area". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1629.

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Dissertation submitted in full compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Business Administration, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2012
The dissertation focuses on the implementation of strategies and programmes that are aimed at boosting local economic development at Sobonakhona Makhanya Traditional Area by the EThekwini Municipality. Sobonakhona Makhanya Traditional Area is one of the three main traditional/rural areas making up the Greater Umbumbulu Area, which is situated some 20 kilometres south-west of the Durban Central District. Each of these traditional/rural areas is ruled by its own Traditional Leader. The Sobonakhona Area is made up of areas that can be described as deep rural and peri-urban. For the purpose of this study a municipality and a local government are treated as the same entity. The implementation of these strategies in the deep rural Sobonakhona Area has, however, so far proven to be more challenging than it was initially conceived. This can be partly attributed to the following factors, firstly; before 1994, all matters related to rural economic development initiatives in South Africa fell under the jurisdiction of either the provincial governments or national line ministries or homeland governments – not municipalities. Secondly, between 1994 and 2002, all strategies/programmes that were aimed at boosting economic development were, through the national government’s previous SMME strategy, carried out at national level by the Department of Trade and Industry and its affiliated agencies. Thirdly, the 2000 demarcation of municipal boundaries saw a number of rural areas being incorporated under some municipalities that had jurisdiction over urban areas only, and this created an additional service delivery challenge for these municipalities. Whilst these municipalities were still baffled by how to accommodate/incorporate the rural areas under their programmes, the national government, in 2002, introduced a new SMME strategy (replacing the previous SMME strategy) that required municipalities to effect economic development at local government level. This also presented its own challenge as very few of these municipalities had experience and/or knowledge in the formulation and implementation of local economic development programmes/strategies. This dissertation therefore seeks to uncover the challenges that the EThekwini Municipality faces as it attempts to implement its economic development strategies and programmes for its rural areas in particular, with Sobonakhona Area being the area of focus. The EThekwini Municipality is one of those municipalities that previously had no rural areas under its control. Chapter One of the dissertation introduces the topic of the study together with the relevant background to the study. Chapter Two discusses the research methodology used in an attempt to unravel the study’s research problem. Chapter Three discusses literature review on implementation of strategies and programmes aimed at boosting economic development in rural areas. Chapter Four outlines both the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Government and the EThekwini Municipality’s strategies and programmes that are thought would promote economic development in the province and in the EThekwini region respectively. Results uncovered by this study are discussed in Chapter Five. Chapter Six concludes the study by presenting recommendations on how to improve implementation efforts.
M

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Semenya, Karabo Shyllot. "Provision of public leisure services in the Soweto area, City of Johannesburg, 2002-2005". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3480.

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M.Phil.
This study was conducted against the theoretical background that local government has the responsibility to provide public leisure services to the communities. Leisure provides an ideal medium for the transmission of historical, social, and cultural values that promote desired norms, customs and social orientations, as such, it is vital to the community. For disadvantaged communities to experience the benefits of leisure, government has a major role to play in the provision of resources. The aim of the study was to describe and analyse the provision of local government sport and recreation services in the City of Johannesburg, Soweto area and to present alternative forms of public leisure service delivery to aid in ensuring that limited resources are distributed to all. In order to achieve the aim of the study, it was necessary to: 1. Present responsibilities of local government with regard to the provision of sport and recreation in local government. 2. Evaluate whether resources are available for the provision of public leisure services. 3. Analyse the feasibility and implications of the user fee charge policy in public leisure services. 4. Present alternative forms of public leisure service delivery to the City of Johannesburg. Theoretical background was dealt with in Chapter two. The chapter started by briefly explaining objectives that direct services in countries like Australia, Britain, Canada and Brazil. Information obtained assisted in explaining that governments can legitimise their policies in very different ways and that service delivery is driven by what the country intends to achieve. Governance structure of sport and recreation in South Africa was discussed. Focus was mainly on local government and its mandatory responsibility towards public leisure service delivery. The importance of leisure provisions in fulfilling human needs was illustrated. Literature also indicated that personnel, facilities, money, equipment tend to influence each other to produce leisure services to the community. At the same time, user fee charge policy and marketing of services can impact on service delivery. Through the discussion it was noted that resources are limited. In view of that, it became vital to present alternative forms of public leisure service delivery. Literature presented also assisted in constructing an empirical research based on literature provided. The instruments used to collect data were two questionnaires. One questionnaire was for facility managers and the other was for regional managers/ area managers/ operational managers. A pilot study was conducted to test the reliability and relevancy of the questionnaires which were then adapted accordingly. The main survey comprised forty respondents. Questionnaires were sent to all sixty two sport and recreation facilities owned by The City of Johannesburg in Soweto for facility managers to fill and only forty were returned. Five questionnaires were sent to regional managers/ area managers/ operational managers and were returned.

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Ovbiebo, Osaigbovo Matthew. "Film : a supplementary aid in teaching adults about HIV/AIDS in Igueben (Nigeria)". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/8743.

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This study explored film as a supplementary aid in teaching adults about HIV/AIDS in the Igueben area of Edo State (Nigeria). It drew on the theory and practice of film to enhance the awareness of HIV/AIDS campaign strategies in ways that are not possible with other teaching aids. The findings of the study supported the literature, which indicates that unlike film,reading materials are not accessible to illiterate adults in rural communities. Two hundred (200) participants were used in the first approach (quantitative), while fifteen (15) illiterate adults were purposively selected from the area to participate in the second approach (qualitative). The research was undertaken within an interpretivist framwork in the sense that it was a communal process informed by participating illiterate adults, and was sensitive to the role of context (Alvermann, D.E., & Mallozzi, C.A. 2010). The study confirmed the role of film, particularly Nigerian movies, in promoting information and education on HIV/AIDS. The findings highlighted the need for on-going education about HIV/AIDS and its treatment, especially among the rural illiterate. The study, in summary established that the programmes offered by HIV/AIDS organisers (governmental and nongovernmental) would be more effective if film is included in the campaign against the disease.
Curriculum and Instructional Studies
D. Ed. (Didactics)

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Sadare, Oluseye Folasayo. "Exploring how location and gender influence the performance of students in physics (a case study of Akure South Local Government Area, Ondo State Nigeria)". Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26867.

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Abstract in English, Afrikaans and Zulu
This study explored how location and gender influence the performance of students in Physics in Akure South Local Government, Ondo State, Nigeria. The sample consisted of four schools randomly selected from the co-educational schools in the public schools. Data were collected through interviews, classroom observation, focus group interviews of the students and documents obtained from the school principals on students’ academic performance in the West African Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (WASSCE) from 2011-2015. The validity and the reliability of all these instruments were established. The data obtained through interviews were interpreted qualitatively. The documents obtained from the selected schools were also analyzed. The results of the study revealed that the urban students perform better in Physics than the rural students. The study also revealed that the gender of the students affects their performance in Physics with male students performing better than female students. Frantic efforts should be made to ensure conducive learning environment and equivalent learning opportunities to both male and female students.
Hierdie studie ondersoek hoe plek en geslag die prestasie van studente in Fisika in die Akure Suid-plaaslike regering, Ondo-staat, Nigerië, beïnvloed. Die steekproef het bestaan uit vier skole wat lukraak gekies is uit die mede-opvoedkundige skole in die openbare skole. Data is ingesamel deur onderhoude, klaskamerwaarnemings, fokusgroeponderhoude van die studente en dokumente wat van die skoolhoofde verkry is oor studente se akademiese prestasie in die Wes-Afrikaanse Senior Sekondêre Sertifikaat-eksamen (WASSCE) vanaf 2011-2015. Die geldigheid en betroubaarheid van al hierdie instrumente is vasgestel. Die data wat deur onderhoude verkry is, is kwalitatief geïnterpreteer. Die dokumente wat van die geselekteerde skole verkry is, is ook ontleed. Die resultate van die studie het getoon dat die stedelike studente beter in Fisika verrig as die landelike studente. Die studie het ook onthul dat die geslag van die studente hul prestasie in Fisika beïnvloed, met manlike studente wat beter presteer as vroulike studente. Vreemde pogings moet aangewend word om bevorderlike leeromgewing en gelykwaardige leergeleenthede vir beide manlike en vroulike studente te verseker.
Lolu cwaningo luhlolisise ukuthi indawo kanye nobulili bathonya kanjani ukusebenza kwabafundi e-Physics e-Akure South Local Government, e-Ondo State, eNigeria. Isampula lalinabashumayeli izikole ezine ngezikhathi ezikhethiwe kusukela izikole co-ezemfundo ezikoleni zikahulumeni. Idatha abangu eziqoqiwe ngokusebenzisa izingxoxo, ekilasini observation, izingxoxo somnqopho sokufundisa isiqhema lwabafundi futhi imibhalo etholakala othishanhloko esikoleni ekusebenzeni abafundi 'academic eNtshonalanga Afrika Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (WASSCE) kusuka 2011 kuya ku-2015. De geldigheid en de betrouwbaarheid van alle deze instrumenten efen-widegesteldeld. Imibuzo yezintambo ze-data verkregen yesikhala esiphezulu se-geïnterpreteerd. De dokumenter fra de udvalgte skoler blev også analysisret. Imiphumela cwaningo lwembula ukuthi abafundi ezisemadolobheni basebente kancono Physics ngaphandle abafundi basezindaweni zasemakhaya. Lolu cwaningo lwembula nokuthi ubulili abafundi Ithinta hun ukusebenza Physics ne abafundi besilisa kokwenza Ukuze ungcono abafundi besilisa nabesifazane. Imizamo eqondile kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe imvelo yokufunda kanye namathuba okufunda okulinganayo kokubili abafundi besilisa nabesifazane
Science and Technology Education
M. Ed. (Specialization in Natural Sciences)

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48

Milne, M. M. "An investigation into quality concerns in house construction in government-subsidised low-income housing projects in the Pietermaritzburg area". Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/995.

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Ongoing quality concerns in low Income housing have allegedly not been addressed adequately, as has been expressed in numerous speeches and at the Provincial Housing Summit of 2005. This study is an investigation into quality concerns in house construction in governmentsubsidised low-income housing projects in the Pietermaritzburg area. It is informed by total quality management literature. It is motivated by aspects including: (1) government's accountability for public funds; (2) serving as base research for improved resource allocation; (3) and for quality improvement and sustainability strategies; (4) creating an opportunity for introspection by other members in the supply chain; and (5) a responsibility of all stakeholders to realise the ultimate goal of customer satisfaction. Research Design The following research objectives were set: (I) To identify house construction quality concerns in government-subsidised lowincome housing projects in the Pietermaritzburg area. (2) ... To identify the causes of house construction quality problems in the low income housing delivery environment within the Pietermaritzburg area, from the perspective of the developers, municipality and Department of Housing : KwaZulu-Natal. In the context of this research, "developer" is defined as the entity used by the Department or the municipality as an agent for implementing projects. (3) .. To identify how house construction quality issues are currently being addressed. The research was approached in two phases. Phase I was designed to identify whether quality concerns existed in the low income housing projects in the Pietermaritzburg area; and to identify the nature and the extent thereof. Phase 2 was designed to explore the perceived causes of quality concerns, and to identify the systems used by the municipality, its developing agent and the Department of Housing, to ensure sustained quality management. Findings Defects : The findings recorded in Chapter 5 illustrate that there are quality concerns in Pietermaritzburg in relation to government-subsidised low-income housing which were caused mainly by poor workmanship, especially the topping of slabs (i.e., the process in which a final layer of cement is applied to smoothen the floor surface, also refelTed to as "screeding"). The Pareto analysis'indicates that there is a mixture of defect types and causes that need to be addressed, and in order of priority_ These are : (I) screeding; (2) water connection; (3) fitting frames; (4) site clearance; (5) constructions of walls; (6) plumbing, specifically toilet fittings; (7) glazing; (8) corking/filling of gaps; (9) plaster material; (l0) door quality; (11) plaster work; and (12) the quality of frames. Existing systems, norms and standards: Role players are at different stages of advancement with regard to quality and supply chain management. The institutions appear to have an internal focus to quality management that is not customer focussed and lacks information and involvement of all stakeholders. There is no formalised policy on quality management. Such a policy is needed to guide quality improvement and monitoring systems (Gryna, 200 I: 185). The institutions do not appear to have a quality management strategy, or to have a fully integrated quality perspective. Quality assurance and audit process are also lacking. Neither the municipality nor the Department appears to use statistical process control systems to measure and analyse all processes. It appears that the proper infrastructure is not in place to implement a quality management system. Information systems are poor and this is a barrier to effective quality improvement implementation programmes, and to effective project management. There is no common understanding of roles, responsibilities and inspection criteria and processes and internal and external role players are excluded from quality management processes. The management environment and organisational culture within the municipality and the department do not appear to be conducive to encourage a learning organisation approach. Materials quality is not monitored, although it is noted that materials are not perceived to be the cause, and from the sample it is clear that materials have not contributed much to defects. Recommendations: These have been summarised as follows: I. The adoption of a quality management policy that incorporates all stakeholders; 2. The inclusion of quality management in strategic plans with a phased implementation programme; 3. Partnership development and joint planning with all role players; 4. Use of larger contracts, over a longer period of time through a programmatic systems approach; 5. Identification ofbenchmarking partners; 6. The adoption of an audit and assurance mechanism, based on ISO 9000; 7. Development of a learning organisation and change management culture, led from the top; 8. The inclusion of quality performance targets in managers' performance reviews; 9. Clearly defined inspections procedures and documents (including roles and responsibilities), and availability of these on site; 10. Information management systems upgrading; 11. Revision to National Building Regulations in the context of low-income housing; 12. Improved municipal strategies on water connection; 13. On site training regarding topping of slabs, fitting windows and door frames and block work; and 14. Training of all managers and staff on all aspects of quality management theory, tools and techniques, and specifically in relation to low-income housing.
Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.

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49

McCarthy, Christabel. "Investigating the use of dasymetric techniques for assessing employment containment in Melbourne, Australia". Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8307.

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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.
This project studies employment containment in Melbourne, Australia. Employment containment is a measure of the proportion of people that work in a location close to their home. Recent urban planning policies in Melbourne have aimed to improve employment containment in the city’s suburbs. While there has been analysis of the rates at which people both live and work within broadly defined ‘local areas’, little work has been done to investigate employment containment using smaller and more uniform catchment areas as the unit of analysis. This research attempts such a finer scale analysis using dasymetric downscaling techniques. A regression modelling approach supported by land use data, alongside a binary dasymetric method, is used to develop fine scale estimates of employment distribution, while binary and populationdensity weighted methods are used to develop a fine scale estimate of working population distribution. For the employment distribution estimate, the Poisson model that distributed employment to employment-related land use classes produced the smallest error. However, the error produced by this model is still high. For the working population distribution estimate, the population-density weighted estimate is the more accurate of the approaches, and overall produced low error. For the employment containment analysis, a number of employment centres were randomly selected and an employment containment catchment has been derived from a 5 km2 commuting distance catchment. Commuting flows from an origin-destination matrix were areaweighted to estimate flows into the employment centre from the 5 km2 catchment. The method is found to be potentially useful; however inspecting the results of this employment containment calculation highlighted flaws in the current estimates that should be addressed before the measures can be used to further analyse employment containment in Melbourne. Improvements to this method would support urban strategic and transport planning analyses at a metropolitan-wide scale.

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Mabudusha, Sekgololo Angel. "The policing of illegal squatting in the greenbelts within Weltevreden Park area". Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3458.

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After South Africa’s democratisation in 1994, the areas which had been deemed “only for whites” within the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (CoJ) were opened to all citizens. These changes attracted a high in-migration of people seeking better living in the CoJ. This influx not only challenged the provision of employment but also impacted negatively on the availability of land and housing and on the maintenance of safety and security by the police. Lack of accommodation forced immigrants to squat in the open spaces (including in the greenbelts) within the CoJ. A literature review provided an understanding of this problem locally and internationally. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with the affected stakeholders. The findings showed that the measures needed to combat the causes of illegal squatting are beyond police control. The involvement of departments such as Human Development, Labour, Home Affairs and Environmental Management is needed for a successful solution to the problem.
Police Practice
M. Tech.(Policing)

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Chibok Local Government Area”

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