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Roopa, Srinivasan, Ramaswamy Padmavathi, Avinash Akolkar, Sambandam Sankar, Pitani Ravishankar, Thanasekharaan Vijayalakshmi, AS Subhashini i Balakrishnan Kalpana. "Respiratory functions of conservancy workers working in solid waste management sector of Chennai, India". F1000Research 1 (17.12.2012): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.1-67.v1.
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Chennai is the fourth largest metropolitan city in India. Around 10,000 conservancy workers of the Chennai Corporation handle about 4500 to 5200 tons of solid wastes per day. These workers are exposed to a lot of environmental and occupational hazards affecting the respiratory system. This paper presents the results of pulmonary function assessment in 178 conservancy workers (100 sweepers & 78 loaders) of the Chennai Corporation. Detailed medical and occupational history was obtained and clinical examination was performed after obtaining informed consent. Pulmonary functions (forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] and peak expiratory flow rate [PEFR]) were measured using a portable spirometer. Since normal pulmonary function values for healthy non-smoking South Indian adults are available through previously published studies, the pulmonary function test (PFT) values from the study group were compared with the predicted values after corrections for age and anthropometry. The pulmonary functions of the conservancy workers were significantly lower than their predicted values. Moreover, the pulmonary functions declined with increasing years of working. Among both the groups of conservancy workers, the pulmonary functions were significantly lower in sweepers than loaders (P<0.01). This study has generated lung function data of the Chennai Corporation conservancy workers that can aid the concerned authorities to implement specific interventions to reduce the exposure and improve the health status of the workers.
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Roopa, Srinivasan, Ramaswamy Padmavathi, Avinash Akolkar, Sambandam Sankar, Pitani Ravishankar, Thanasekharaan Vijayalakshmi, AS Subhashini i Balakrishnan Kalpana. "Respiratory functions of conservancy workers working in solid waste management sector of Chennai, India". F1000Research 1 (19.06.2013): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.1-67.v2.
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Chennai is the fourth largest metropolitan city in India. Around 10,000 conservancy workers of the Chennai Corporation handle about 4500 to 5200 tons of solid wastes per day. These workers are exposed to a lot of environmental and occupational hazards affecting the respiratory system. This paper presents the results of pulmonary function assessment in 178 conservancy workers (100 sweepers & 78 loaders) of the Chennai Corporation. Detailed medical and occupational history was obtained and clinical examination was performed after obtaining informed consent. Pulmonary functions (forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] and peak expiratory flow rate [PEFR]) were measured using a portable spirometer. Since normal pulmonary function values for healthy non-smoking South Indian adults are available through previously published studies, the pulmonary function test (PFT) values from the study group were compared with the predicted values after corrections for age and anthropometry. The pulmonary functions of the conservancy workers were significantly lower than their predicted values. Moreover, the pulmonary functions declined with increasing years of working. Among both the groups of conservancy workers, the pulmonary functions were significantly lower in sweepers than loaders (P<0.01). This study has generated lung function data of the Chennai Corporation conservancy workers that can aid the concerned authorities to implement specific interventions to reduce the exposure and improve the health status of the workers.
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Pradeepa, S. "A Study on Women Policyholders’ Satisfaction towards The Performance of Life Insurance Companies in Chennai". Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 11, S2-Feb (12.02.2024): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v11is2-feb.7427.
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The Insurance industry forms an integral part of the Indian financial market, The Insurance sector started up and new players entered the space before 25 years. At present in India have 24 life insurance companies. Satisfaction of policyholder is an important milestone in insurance products, especially the performance of insurance companies. In that LIC holds majority market share in life insurance industry for the past years. The objective of the study is to understand the policyholder’s satisfaction and the various factors contributing to the satisfaction level of performance of Life insurance Corporation of India. The primary data has collected by using the questionnaire and secondary data is collected by using journals, newspapers and the internet. The study area has limited to Chennai District. The reason to conduct the study in Chennai district is previously no researcher had done the women policyholder satisfaction towards Life insurance corporation products. The population Size has been determined using with the proper formula. Hence the sample size is determined 520 for this study. This study will help to identify the satisfaction level among the selected women policyholder by using with the different dimensions.
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Parasuraman, Ganeshkumar, Mogan Kaviprawin, Manikandanesan Sakthivel, M. Jagadeesan, Alby John Varghese, Hemalatha Masanam Sriramulu, Srinath Ramamurthy i in. "Epidemiology of Coronavirus Disease 2019 during the Second and Third Wave in Chennai, India: An Analysis of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Surveillance System, February 2021–February 2022". Indian Journal of Public Health 68, nr 1 (styczeń 2024): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijph.ijph_821_23.
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Abstract Introduction: Analysis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) surveillance system in the first wave indicated that the data-driven approach helped in resource allocation and public health interventions. Objectives: We described the epidemiology of COVID-19 cases in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from February 2021 to February 2022. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the COVID-19 surveillance data from Chennai City, Tamil Nadu, India’s Greater Chennai Corporation. We described the deidentified line list of COVID-19 cases and deaths by months, zones, age, and gender. We estimated the incidence of COVID-19 cases per million population, test positivity rate (TPR), and case fatality ratio (CFR). Results: Of the 434,040 cases reported in Chennai from February 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022, 53% were male. The incidence per million peaked in May 2021 (19,210) and January 2022 (15,881). Age groups more than 60 years reported maximum incidence. Southern region zones reported higher incidence. Overall TPR was 5.8%, peaked in May 2021 (17.5%) and January 2022 (15.1%). Over half of the 4929 reported deaths were in May 2021 (56%). Almost half of the deaths were 61–80 years (52%), followed by 41–60 years (26%). Overall CFR was 1%, which peaked in June 2021 (4%). Conclusion: We conclude that Chennai city experienced a surge in COVID-19 due to delta and omicron variants. Understanding descriptive epidemiology is vital for planning the public health response, resource allocation, vaccination policies, and risk communication to the community.
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Basu, Abhishek, Bharathi Raja, Rony Gracious i Lelitha Vanajakshi. "DYNAMIC TRIP PLANNER FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT USING GENETIC ALGORITHM". Transport 35, nr 2 (21.04.2020): 156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.12477.
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This paper reports the development of a public transport trip planner to help the urban traveller in planning and preparing for his commute using public transportation in the city. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach that handles real-time Global Positioning Systems (GPS) data from buses of the Metropolitan Transport Corporation (MTC) in Chennai City (India) has been used to develop the planner. The GA has been shown to provide good solutions within the problem’s computation time constraints. The developed trip planner has been implemented for static network data first and subsequently extended to use real-time data. The “walk mode” and Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) have also been included in the geospatial database to extend the route-planner’s capabilities. The algorithm has subsequently been segmented to speed up the prediction process. In addition, a temporal cache has also been introduced during implementation, to handle multiple queries generated simultaneously. The results showed that there is promise for scalability and citywide implementation for the proposed real-time route-planner. The uncertainty and poor service quality perceived with public transport bus services in India could potentially be mitigated by further developments in the route-planner introduced in this paper.
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Wang, Chia-Nan, Lei-Chuan Lin i Dhanabalan Murugesan. "Analyzing PSU’s Performance: A Case from Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas of India". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/802690.
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The high economic growth in the past few years and increasing industrialization coupled with a burgeoning population have created a lot of concern for India’s energy scenario. India’s crude oil production has not shown significant growth in the last 10 or more years whereas its refining capacity has grown by more than 20% over the last 5 years. Oil consumption is growing at approximately 4.1% per year and natural gas consumption is growing at 68% per year. Therefore, evaluation performances and pushing energy companies to improve become important issues. The purpose of this research is of evaluation the performance of Indian energy industry under multiple different inputs and outputs criteria. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) and grey theory are used to conduct this study. There are total 14 public sector undertakings (PSUs) under this industry and no any private company. However, only 10 of them are mature enough to be published in India stock markets. Therefore, the realistic data of all 10 companies are used for this evaluation. The results demonstrate that Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL), Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited (CPCL), and Oil India Limited (OIL) are the top 3 of ranking influences. This integrated numerical study gives a better “past-present-future” insights into evaluation performance in India energy industry.
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Uma Mageswari T i Bhuvaneswari. G. "To Analyze The Impact Of Political, Social, Economic And Technological Factors Characteristics In Access To Finance For SME In Chennai". Restaurant Business 118, nr 9 (30.09.2019): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i9.8654.
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SME,acronym forSmall and Medium Enterprises has since been modified into MSME after introduction of MSMED Act 2006. According to this Act, MSME stands for Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises.Development Corporation Limited are non-financial institutions to support small industries in addition to ensuring financial support through various financial institutions. Government of India is ensuring adequate credit flow support to small industries. However, there are some limitations, restrictions in getting adequate finance to the small industries. Various socio economic factors play a major role in smooth flow of credit to the small industries. This article analyses the socio economic factors in credit out flow to small industries in Chennai.
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N Bharath. "A Study On Consumer Preference of Unified Payment Interface (Upi) With Reference to Chennai City". Journal of Development Economics and Management Research Studies 10, nr 16 (2023): 09–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53422/jdms.2023.101602.
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This study aims to analyze consumer preferences towards the Unified Payment Interface (UPI) in Chennai city. Unified Payments Interface (UPI) is an instant real-time payment system developed by National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI). The interface facilitates inter-bank peer-to-peer (P2P) and person-to-merchant (P2M) transactions. It is used on mobile devices to instantly transfer funds between two bank accounts. The study was done with the quantitative research approach, and data was collected through a structured questionnaire from 100 respondents residing in Chennai city. The questionnaire focused on various aspects such as awareness, usage, satisfaction, and preference towards UPI-based payments. The findings of the study indicated that the awareness and preference of payments through were high among respondents, with over 61 % preferred payment over UPI. The most common use cases for UPI payments were bill payments, online shopping, and Fund transfers. The research makes use of statistical analysis tools like ANOVA, chi-square, and percentage analysis to study various factors and determine the relationship between the variables
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Keerthi S, Santhana, Vidya Ramkumar, Shuba Kumar i Sheeba Anand. "An exploratory study of nurses' knowledge, skill, and training requirements for newborn hearing screening in a public-sector program in South India". Journal of Hearing Science 13, nr 1 (28.04.2023): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17430/jhs/162293.
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BackgroundA pilot newborn hearing screening (NHS) program was established at 11 Corporation Maternity Hospitals in Chennai, a city in South India, to aid in the early detection of hearing loss. Nurses were trained how to screen newborns using both otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and automated auditory brainstem responses (AABRs). The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore nurses’ perceptions of the NHS program and the challenges they faced in implementing it.Material and methodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 nurses, one from each hospital, who performed NHS in Corporation Maternity Hospitals. Interviews were conducted using guides and probes developed and validated by experts.ResultsFour general themes that covered the nurses’ responses were identified: their understanding of NHS and skills in its execution; gaps in their understanding of the NHS program, constraints faced in implementing the screening program, and additional needs for support.ConclusionsAddressing gaps in training needs, providing full documentation, and overcoming poor adherence to NHS protocols would help the program grow. The lessons learnt are also transferable to programs conducted in similar low–middle income countries.
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Kayalvizhi, V. "A Study of Special Educational Programmes in School Education Implemented by the Chennai Corporation, Tamil Nadu, India". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 13, nr 4 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.37648/ijrst.v13i04.001.
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Jones B, Denny, i Dr M. Muruganandam. "Impact of Soundbox by Third Party Application Providers (UPI) on Retailers, with Special Reference to Greater Chennai Corporation". Journal of Corporate Finance Management and Banking System, nr 43 (1.04.2024): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jcfmbs.43.16.26.
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Before the advent of UPI, payments primarily relied on debit and credit cards, proving advantageous for medium-scale business retailers while disadvantaging small-scale or micro retailers using cash due to the high cost of POS machines. The introduction of the UPI digital payment system by the National Payments Corporation of India in 2016 marked a significant boon for customers and retailers of all types. Despite its benefits, some retailers hesitated due to perceived authenticity issues in receiving payments. However, since 2019, the third-party application provider Paytm revolutionized UPI adoption by proposing the installation of a soundbox. This innovative addition led to increased UPI utilization by retailers, driven by enhanced security, user-friendliness, simplified transactions, and lower monthly rental costs. This paper explores the impact and role of the soundbox post-installation by third-party application providers, examining its merits, demerits, and gauging retailers' perspectives on this transformative technology.
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Pradeepa, S., i A. A. Ananth. "A Study on Factors Influencing of Women Policyholder's Investment Decision towards Life Insurance Corporation of India Policies in Chennai". Singaporean Journal of Business Economics and Management Studies 5, nr 7 (styczeń 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0037245.
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Elangovan, Harikrishnan, i Rajesh Kumar. "Factors affecting prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban adolescents: a study from North Chennai, India". International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 5, nr 5 (24.08.2018): 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20183545.
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Background: Obesity is escalating at an alarming rate especially among the urban population. Obesity in childhood is an important risk factor for obesity in adulthood. Overweight and obesity are related to physically inactivity, high social economic back ground and dietary transition. This study was done to estimate the overall prevalence of overweight and obesity among urban adolescents and to examine its associated factors.Methods: This is a cross sectional community-based study conducted in North Chennai Corporation Zone II over a period of 2 years. A predesigned proforma was used to collect the demographic profile, socioeconomic status and level of physical activity. Trained Investigators were used to measure anthropometric measures. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16.0 and P value of <0.05 is taken as statistically significant.Results: A total of 4900 children (M: 2317, F: 2583) were included in the study. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were found as 22.1 % and 4.1%. The proportion of overweight was highest at 14 years for boys and 15 years for girls. There is a statistical significance for overweight in relation to sex (P = 0.001), socioeconomic status (P = 0.00001), parent’s occupation (P = 0.00001) and literacy status (P = 0.00001), junk food preference (P = 0.00001), mode of conveyance (P = 0.00001) and level of physical activity (P=0.00001).Conclusions: As obesity in childhood has high risk of comorbidities, intervention studies have to be planned to educate the adolescents as they are the future society and the role models for their off springs.
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Chatterjee, Shankar. "Sustainable Sanitary Pad: A Case from Tamil Nadu". IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies 13, nr 3 (26.12.2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v13.n3.p4.
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According to the WHO survey conducted in October 2017 carried out across India including 35 cities viz., Bengaluru, Chennai, Cuttack, Delhi, Indore, Jaipur, Kanpur, Kolkata, Ludhiana, Mumbai, Ranchi, Srinagar, Surat and Thiruvananthapuramwomen respondents were contacted to get an idea about issues related to women. It has been revealed that about 43 percent of Indian women did not have access to sanitary essentials at the beginning of periods, while 36 percent felt uncomfortable in buying them with other customers around. Further, according to the survey report around 67 percent women have had to borrow a sanitary essential from a friend, colleague or family member. More than 45 percent women opined that menstruation was still considered a taboo in the society and 36 percent felt uncomfortable while buying sanitary essentials from a chemist shop in the presence of other customers. To address the situation at grassroots level many organizations have been working at different levels like awareness creation, producing of cheap sanitary pads etc. One such organization is Gramalayawhich has been operating in Thottiyam and Thathaiengarpet and Thuraiyur Block in the rural areas and in the slums of Tiruchirappalli City Corporation in Tiruchirappalli District. They are promoting sustainable sanitary pads by producing these through self-help Groups (SHGs). In this article based on a study carried on 1<sup>st</sup> December 2018, a case is presented.
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G, Shanmugam. "100 years of the Devine Teacher - Student relationship among the three Generations of Indian Geoscientists (1920s – 2020s): A remarkable Story of Knowledge transfer from T. N. Muthuswami Iyer “TNM” through A. Parthasarathy to G. Shanmugam and beyond". Journal of The Indian Association of Sedimentologists 1, nr 1 (31.12.2022): 2–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51710/jias.v1i1.221.
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The divine teacher-student relationship that covers 100 years of knowledge transfer is the underpinning of this remarkable personal story. Importantly, this narrative is about an Indian genius and a geologic pioneer, Professor T. N. Muthuswami Iyer, known as TNM. The first generation (1920s-1960s) TNM began his teaching career as a crystallographer and a mineralogist at the University of Madras-Gundy Campus (Chennai) in 1924, and continued at the Presidency College (Madras), Sager University (Madhya Pradesh), and Annamalai University (Tamil Nadu). One of his early students at Presidency was A. Parthasarathy, who later studied at the Imperial College in London (UK) and earned his Ph.D. in Engineering Geology from the London University (UL) in 1954. The second generation (1940s-1980s) Prof. Parthasarathy became the Head of Applied Geology section in the Civil Engineering Department at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay in 1964. The third generation (1960s-2020s) G. Shanmugam earned his B.Sc. in Geology and Chemistry from Annamalai University with a First Class (1965) and started teaching science in a local high school in his hometown of Sirkazhi, Tamil Nadu. TNM, who was the Head of Geology at Annamalai University in 1965, motivated G. Shanmugam to quit his teaching job and pursue M.Sc. in Applied Geology at IIT Bombay. Shanmugam earned his M.Sc. in Applied Geology at IIT Bombay under the guidance of Prof. Parthasarathy. Education and training at IIT Bombay propelled Shanmugam to receive his second M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in the USA. His Ph.D. research under the guidance of Prof. Kenneth R. Walker at University of Tennessee on Ordovician tectonics and sedimentation in the Southern Appalachians led to securing a research position with Mobil Oil Company in Dallas, Texas in 1978. Because of his global research on multiple domains while at Mobil and as post-retirement consultant since 2000 for oil companies in India and China, Shanmugam has to his credit 382 published works that include three Elsevier books on process sedimentology and petroleum geology, with the first two books were translated into Chinese language. He has authored 6 invited Encyclopedia Chapters for Elsevier and McGraw Hill Book Companies and has delivered 89 lectures worldwide during 1980-2021 period. He won the top "Special Prize" from Springer Journal of Palaeogeography in 2020 for "Excellent Papers" based on Science Citation Index (SCI) of five articles published during 2012-2018. Shanmugam's efforts in knowledge transfer during the COVID-19 global pandemic included giving virtual lectures on Zoom, Google Meet, and WebEx platforms to academia (e.g., Royal Holloway, University of London, IIT Bombay, and Ohio University). Shanmugam organized 23 onsite workshops on "Deep-water sandstone petroleum reservoirs" worldwide, which included (1) the UK Government Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), Edinburgh, UK, (2) Reliance Industries Ltd., Kakinada, India, (3) Hardy Oil, Chennai, India, (4) Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), Mumbai and Kajuraho, India, (5) Petrobras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, (6) Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED) of PetroChina, Beijing, China, and (7) China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China. The T. N. Muthuswami - A. Parthasarathy - G. Shanmugam lineage, spanning over 100 years, is unique and phenomenal in knowledge transfer among geoscientists. On the economic front, TNM and his lineages contributed directly to the petroleum, atomic mineral, cement, gemstone, and geothermal energy industries, among many others. The acronym "TNM" for T. N. Muthuswami Iyer is just perfect for a Transformational, Neoteric and a Motivating teacher and a noble soul!
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Pushparani, Joy Patricia, Chitra A. i Kalpana J. "A cross-sectional study to assess the health profile of street sweepers and sanitary workers in a zone of Greater Chennai Corporation, Tamil Nadu, India". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, nr 10 (24.09.2018): 4357. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183974.
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Background: Sweepers and sanitary workers are getting exposed to hazardous dust during their work. The health profile of the sanitary workers and utilization of health services are not clearly known. This study aimed to assess the health profile and associated risk factors among street sweepers and sanitary workers.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 73 street sweepers and sanitary workers in a zone of Greater Chennai Corporation by multistage sampling method, during November 2016 to December 2016 using a semi structured questionnaire.Results: Among the respondents 67.1% were females, 2/3rd of them belonged to the age group of 30-40 years. Majority of them (82.2%) had reported to have musculoskeletal problems followed by respiratory problems (61.6%), ophthalmic problems (53.4%), skin problems (38.4%), mental health problems (39.7%). Most of the respondents had multiple problems. Musculoskeletal problems were more common among the female workers (p=0.002). Health problems like headache, fatigue, giddiness were more common among the workers who worked for >5 years (p=0.006). The utilization of health services was better among those workers who had formal school education (p=0.042).Conclusions: This study concludes majority of them have musculoskeletal problems followed by respiratory problems and ophthalmic problems. Usage of personal protective equipments and utilization of health services by the sweepers and sanitary workers were poor. Hence steps have to be taken to improve the health status by subjecting them to periodic screening and sensitization programs on usage of PPE.
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Gupta, Mohit, PR Abhilash, R. Divyashree, Shankar Gouda Patil, T. Chandrasekar i R. Karthikeyan. "Dermatoglyphics in Patients with Dental Caries: A Study on 1250 Individuals". Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, nr 3 (2012): 266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1135.
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ABSTRACT Aim This study was undertaken to investigate and analyze the significance of dermatoglyphics in predicting the susceptibility of individuals to develop dental caries. Materials and methods This case-control study was conducted on 1250 children in the age group of 5 to 12 years from Chennai Corporation School, Vadapalani, Chennai. Out of 1250 subjects, 625 subjects were in the study group and the remaining 625 subjects were the control group. The study group included children with dental caries in 5 or more teeth based on the DMFT index performed and control group consisted of normal, healthy children without any dental caries. The finger and palmar prints of both hands were taken using a stamp pad. The fingertip patterns were analyzed according to the classical method and configurational types were classified according to the topological method. Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric tests and t-test to compare the dermatoglyphic pattern changes between the study group and the control group and was applied for each variable, to compare the proportions, and p-value. Results (1) Dental caries susceptibility of an individual increases with an increase in the incidence of whorl pattern (83% correlation). (2) All the variables show statistically significant value, with a degree of divergence of specific dermatoglyphic patterns among study and control group. (3) The dermatoglyphic patterns are efficient and can predict in assessing the risk of susceptibility to dental caries in study group. Conclusion The dental caries susceptibility of an individual increased with incidence of whorl pattern and it decreased with incidence of loop pattern. Clinical significance The dermatoglyphic patterns may be utilized effectively to study the genetic basis of dental caries. In a developing country like India, it might prove to be a noninvasive, inexpensive and effective tool for screening. How to cite this article Abhilash PR, Divyashree R, Patil SG, Gupta M, Chandrasekar T, Karthikeyan R. Dermatoglyphics in Patients with Dental Caries: A Study on 1250 Individuals. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):266-274.
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Abdullah, Zoha, Alisha Ann Anil, Akshaya Keerthikha Dhanashekhar, Mohamed Asik, Akshaya Aji i Parvathy Premnath. "Is COVID-19 a hoax? Correlation between beliefs related to COVID-19 and the use of preventive measures in India". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, nr 6 (25.05.2021): 2983. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20212004.
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Background: Following the personal protective and preventive measures are vital to the control and prevention of transmission. The populations’ beliefs and attitude related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a direct impact on their practice of preventive measures. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the beliefs, attitude and preventive practices related to COVID-19 among the general population of Chennai, Tamil Nadu.Methods: An online questionnaire with 12 questions concerning the beliefs, attitude and practice of preventive measures related to COVID-19 was distributed via social platforms. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software (version 21, IBM Corporation, Texas, USA). Bivariate analysis (Chi-square test) was used to assess the association between independent variables with each of the main outcomes of interest.Results: A total of 256 study subjects participated in this survey. About 69.9% believed in the existence of corona virus and >85% followed the government protocols. Social distancing and Frequent hand washing was chosen by majority of the study subjects (55.5% and 78.5% respectively) as the most effective measure to prevent viral transmission. Nearly 81.7% always wore a mask in public and 27.0% always kept >6 feet distance apart from others.Conclusions: The surveyed population has an acceptable level of positive beliefs, attitude, and good practices towards COVID-19. We recommend that emphasis should be placed on educating people belonging to lower education and income strata. Vulnerable populations who require proper health education and guidance for prevention and control of COVID-19 should be targeted.
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Vikas, Vikas, i Rohit Bansal. "Efficiency evaluation of Indian oil and gas sector: data envelopment analysis". International Journal of Emerging Markets 14, nr 2 (1.04.2019): 362–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-01-2018-0016.
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Purpose Data envelopment analysis (DEA), a non-parametric technique is used to assess the efficiency of decision-making units which are producing identical set of outputs using identical set of inputs. The purpose of this paper is to find the technical efficiency (TE), pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency (SE) levels of Indian oil and gas sector companies and to provide benchmark targets to the inefficient companies in order to achieve efficiency level. Design/methodology/approach In the present study, a group of 22 oil and gas companies which are listed on the National Stock Exchange for which the data were available for the period 2013–2017 has been considered. DEA has been performed to compare the efficiency levels of all companies. To measure efficiency, three input variables, namely, combined materials consumed and manufacturing expenses, employee benefit expenses and capital investment and two output variables – operating revenues and profit after tax (PAT) have been considered. On the basis of performance for the financial year ending 2017, benchmark targets based on DEA–CCR (Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes) model have been provided to the inefficient companies that should be focused upon by them to attain the efficiency level. The performance of the companies for the past five years has been examined to check the fluctuations in the various efficiency scores of the companies considered in the study over the years. Findings From the results obtained, it is observed that 59 percent, i.e. 13 out of 22 companies are technically efficient. By considering DEA BCC (Banker, Charnes and Cooper) model, 16 companies are observed to be pure technically efficient. In terms of SE, there are 14 such companies. The inefficient units need to improve in terms of input and output variables and for this motive, specified targets are assigned to them. Some of these companies need to upgrade significantly and the managers must take the concern earnestly. The study has also thrown light on the performance of the companies over last five years which shows Oil India Ltd, Gujarat State Petronet Ltd, Petronet LNG Ltd, IGL Ltd, Mahanagar Gas, Chennai Petroleum Corporation Ltd and BPCL Ltd as consistently efficient companies. Research limitations/implications The present study has made an attempt to evaluate the efficiency of Indian oil and gas sector. The results of the study have significant inferences for the policy makers and managers of the companies operating in the sector. The results of the study provide benchmark target level to the companies of Oil and Gas sector which can help the managers of the relatively less efficient companies to focus on the ways to improve efficiency. The improvement in efficiency of a company would not only benefit the shareholders, but also the investors and other stakeholders of the company. Originality/value In the context of Indian economy, very limited number of studies have focused to measure the efficiency of oil and gas sector in the context of Indian economy. The present study aims to provide the latest insight to the efficiency of the companies especially operating in the Indian oil and gas sector. Further, as per our knowledge, this study is distinctive in terms of analyzing the efficiency of Indian oil and gas sector for a period of five years. The longitudinal study of the sector efficiency provides a bird eye view of the average efficiency level and changes in the efficiency levels of the companies over the years.
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VA, R. HARITHA. "A Study of Financial Planning and Forecasting With Reference to Indian Oil Corporation Limited". INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, nr 04 (22.04.2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem31376.
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Financial planning is a ceaseless procedure of guiding and designating financial assets to meet strategic goals and targets. The yield from financial planning appears as budgets. The most generally utilized type of budgets is Pro Forma or Budgeted Financial Statements. The establishment for Budgeted Financial Statements is Detail Budgets. Detail Budgets incorporate sales conjectures, production figures, and different gauges in help of the Financial Plan. On the whole, these budgets are alluded to as the Master Budget. We can likewise separate financial planning into planning for tasks and planning for financing. Working individuals centre around sales and production while financial planners are keen on the best way to back the tasks. In this manner, we can have an Operating Plan and a Financial Plan. Be that as it may, to keep things basic and to ensure we incorporate the procedure completely, we will consider financial planning as one single procedure that includes the two tasks and financing. Financial Planning begins at the highest point of the organization with strategic planning. Since strategic choices have financial ramifications, you should begin your planning procedure inside the strategic planning process. Inability to interface and associate planning with strategic planning can result in budgets that are "dead on landing." Strategic planning is a formal procedure for setting up goals and targets as time goes on. Strategic planning includes building up a statement of purpose that catches why the organization exists and plans for how the organization will flourish later on. Strategic targets and relating goals are created dependent on an exhaustive evaluation of the organization and the outer condition. At last, strategic plans are executed by building up an Operating or Action Plan. Inside this Operating Plan, we will incorporate a total arrangement of financial plans or budgets. Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL), also known as Indian Oil, is an Indian government-owned oil and gas explorer and producer, a significant player in the country's energy sector. Headquartered in New Delhi, it is the largest commercial oil company in the country, with a significant presence across the value chain of the petroleum industry, including refining, pipeline transportation, and marketing of petroleum products. IOCL's Chennai operations are a vital part of its extensive network, contributing significantly to its overall performance. IOCL's operations in Chennai also include a sprawling network of pipelines. These pipelines are crucial for the efficient transportation of crude oil to the refinery and the distribution of refined petroleum products to different parts of the region. This network ensures a consistent and reliable supply of fuel, which is vital for the economic development of the area. The retail network of IOCL in Chennai and the surrounding region is extensive, with numerous petrol and diesel stations. These retail outlets not only provide fuel but also offer a range of services and products to consumers. IOCL's focus on customer satisfaction and service quality has made it a preferred brand among consumers. Moreover, IOCL has been at the forefront of adopting innovative technologies and sustainable practices in its operations. The company has undertaken several initiatives in the areas of energy conservation, emission reduction, and waste management to minimize its environmental footprint. These efforts underscore IOCL's commitment to environmental sustainability and its role in promoting green energy alternatives. Indian Oil Corporation Limited's Chennai operations are integral to its strategic objectives and overall success. Through its refinery, pipeline network, and retail outlets, IOCL not only contributes significantly to India's energy security but also plays a pivotal role in the economic development of the region. With a focus on innovation, sustainability, and customer satisfaction, IOCL is poised to continue its leadership role in the Indian petroleum industry. I have chosen Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) for a project offers a unique opportunity to engage with one of India's leading public sector enterprises, playing a pivotal role in the country's energy sector. IOCL's diverse operations, spanning across refining, pipeline transportation, and marketing of petroleum products, provide a rich learning ground for interns. The exposure to a vast spectrum of operations allows for an in-depth understanding of the energy industry's complexities, offering invaluable insights into both the technical and business aspects of the field. The mentorship and training provided by industry veterans at IOCL are unparalleled, equipping interns with the skills and knowledge necessary to thrive in their future careers. Additionally, the organization's emphasis on corporate social responsibility and community engagement initiatives offers a broader perspective on the impact of business operations on society and the environment. In IOCL is not just a step in one's career journey but a leap into a world of opportunities for growth, learning, and making a meaningful contribution.
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Lalitha Ramaswamy. "Antimicrobial Properties of Cocos nucifera: A Review". CORD 31, nr 1 (1.04.2015): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v31i1.62.
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Akinyele, T.A., 2011. Assessment of the antibacterial properties of n-Hexane extract of Cocos Nucifera and its interactions with some Conventional antibiotics. Masters Dissertation. University of Fort Hare, Alice.
Alan´ıs, A.D., Calzada, F, Cervantes J.A., Torres, J., and Ceballos, G.M. 2005. Antibacterial properties of some plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 100, 153–157.
Alviano, W.S., Alviao, D.S., Diniz, C.G., Antoniolli, A.R., Alviano, C.S., Frias, L.M. 2008. In vitro antioxidant potential of medicinal plant extracts and their activities against oral bacteria based on Brazilian folk medicine. Arch Oral Biol. 53:545-552.
Arora, R, Chawla, R, Marwah, R, Arora, P, Sharma R.K., Kaushik, V, Goel, R, Kaur, A, Silambarasan, M, Tripathi, R.P., and Bhardwaj, J.R. 2011. Corporation. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Hindawi Publishing.
Bakhru, H.K. 2000. Foods That Heal. Orient Paper Backs, New Delhi.
Batovska, I.D., Todorova, I.T., Tsvetkova I.V., and Najdenski H.M. 2009. Antibacterial Study of the Medium Chain Fatty Acids and Their 1- Monoglycerides: Individual Effects and Synergistic Relationships. Polish Journal of Microbiology. 58: 43- 47.
Bolling, B.W., McKay, D.L., Blumberg, J.B. 2010. The phytochemical composition and antioxidant actions of tree nuts. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr; 19: 117-23.
Conrado S. Dayrit. 2000. Read at the XXXVII Cocotech Meeting, Chennai, India
Deb Mandal M, Mandal. S 2011. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.: Arecaceae): In health promotion and disease Prevention. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 241-247.
Dyana, J.P., and Kanchana, G. 2012. Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Cocos Nucifera L. Flowers, International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, Vol 4, Issue 3.
Effiong, G.S., Ebong, P.E., Eyong, E.U., Uwah, A.J., and Ekong, U.E. 2010. Amelioration of Chloramphenicol Induced Toxicity in Rats by Coconut Water, Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 6(4): 331-335.
Esquenazi D, Wigg M.D, Miranda M.M.F.S., Rodrigues H.M., Tostes J.B.F., Rozental S, da Silva A.J.R. and Alviano, C.S 2002. Antimicrobial and antiviral activities of polyphenolics fromCocos nucifera Linn. (Palmae) husk fiber extract. Research in Microbiology 153: 647–652.
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Ifesan, B.O.T., Fashakin, J.F., Ebosele, F, and Oyerinde, A.S. 2013. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Selected Plant Leaves, European Journal of Medicinal Plants 3(3): 465-473.
Krishnamoorthy, M. and Arjun, P. 2012. Probiotic and antimicrobial activity of bacteria from fermented toddy of Cocos nucifera, J. Acad. Indus. Res. Vol. 1(3).
Mandal S.M., Dey, S, Mandal, M, Sarkar, S, Maria-Neto, S. and Franco, O.L. 2009. Identification and structural insights of three novel antimicrobial peptides isolated from green coconut water. Peptides. 30. 633-637.
Mariselvam, R, Ranjitsingh, A.J.A., Nandhini, U.R.A. and Kalirajan, K. 2013. Antihelmintic and antibacterial activity of Cocos nucifera tree inflorances crude extract. IJSID, 3 (2), 311-316.
Mehlhorn H, Al-Quraishy S, Al-Rasheid KAS, Jatzlau A, and Abdel-Ghaffar F. Addition of a combination of onion (Allium cepa) and coconut (Cocos nucifera) to food of sheep stops Gastrointestinal Helminthic infections. Parasitol Res (2011) 108:1041–1046.
Mendonça-Filho R.R, Rodrigues I.A, Alviano D.S, Santos A.L.S, Soares R.M.A, Alviano C.S, Lopes A H.C.S., Rosa M.S. 2004. Leishmanicidal activity of polyphenolic-rich extract from husk fiber of Cocos nucifera Linn. (Palmae) Research in Microbiology 155: 136–143.
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Nakatsuji, T, Kao M.C., Fang, J.Y., Zouboulis, C.C., Zhang, L, Gallo R.L. and Huang C.M. 2009. Antimicrobial Property of Lauric Acid against Propionibacterium acnes: Its Therapeutic Potential for Inflammatory Acne Vulgaris, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Volume 129.
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Ogbolu D.O., Oni AA, Daini OA, and A.P. Oloko 2007. In Vitro Antimicrobial Properties of Coconut Oil on Candida Species in Ibadan, Nigeria, J Med Food 10 (2), 384–387.
Pushpan R, Kumari H, Nishteswar K and N Vishwanathan. 2013. Preliminary Phytochemcial Screening of Narikelapushpa (Flower of Cocos nucifera L.) Global Journal of Traditional Medicinal Systems, 2(2): 1-3.
Singla R.K., Jaiswal N, Bhat V and Hitesh Jagani 2011. Antioxidant & Antimicrobial Activities of Cocos Nucifera Linn. (Arecaceae) Endocarp Extracts Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences; 1(4): 354-361.
Taheri J.B., Espineli F.W., Lu H, Asayesh M, Bakshi M, Nakhostin M.R 2010. Antimicrobial effect of coconut flour on oral microflora: An in vitro study. Res J Biol Scs. 5(6): 456-459.
Thaweboon S, Nakaparksin J, Thaweboon B.2011. Effect of Oil-Pulling on Oral Microorganisms in Biofilm Models, Asia Journal of Public Health, Vol. 2 No. 2.
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Verma V, Bhardwaj A, Rathi S. and Raja R.B 2012. A Potential Antimicrobial Agent from Cocos nucifera mesocarp extract; Development of a New Generation Antibiotic. ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences. Vol. 1(2), 48-54.
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Dr. M. Ganesan @ Kanagaraj, K. Guru, K. Dr S. Raja,. "Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on the Organisational Performance – A Study With Reference to Select Companies in Chennai City – Reviews and Conceptual Frame Work". Psychology and Education Journal 58, nr 2 (7.02.2021): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.1756.
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a management concept where by the companies integrates social and environmental concerns in their business needs, operations and interactions with their stakeholders. Corporate social responsibility is important to both consumers and company’s .CSR is generally understood as being the way through which a company achieves a balance of economic, environmental and social imperatives, while at the same time it also helps in addressing the expectations of shareholders and stakeholders. A properly implemented CSR concept can bring along a various variety of competitive advantages, such as enhanced access to capital and markets, increased sales and profits, operational cost savings, improved productivity and quality, efficient human resource base, improved brand image and reputation, enhanced customer loyalty, better decision making and risk management processes. In this sense it is important to draw a distinction between CSR, which can be a strategic business management concept, and charity, sponsorships or philanthropy. Often, companies that adopt CSR programs have grown their business to the point where they can give back to society Even though the latter can also make a valuable contribution to poverty reduction, will directly enhance the reputation of a company and strengthen its brand, the concept of CSR clearly goes beyond that. It refers to practices and policies undertaken by corporations that are intended to have a positive influence on the world. CSR is generally understood as a strategic initiative that contributes to a brand's reputation. CSR is titled to aid an organization's mission as well as serve as a guide to what the company represents for its consumers. Business ethics is the part of applied ethics that examines ethical principles, moral and ethical problems that can arise in a business environment. Organizations in India have been quite sensible in adopting CSR initiatives and integrating them into their business processes. It has become progressively projected in the Indian corporate setting because the organizations have recognized that besides growing their businesses, it is also important to shape responsible, valuable and supportable relationships with the community at large.
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Solomon, Ritchie S., i Adlyne R. Solomon. "Utility of anthropometry in defining overweight and obesity in urban South Indian children". Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 13, nr 8 (26.07.2024): 2952–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1656_23.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Waist-based indicators of obesity are being used to detect central obesity and are predictive for metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of the study is to assess the basic anthropometric indices in children, to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and to determine the association between various waist-based measurements and body mass index (BMI). Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged 10 to 15 years attending government corporation schools in Chennai. Basic anthropometric measurements were taken. BMI, waist circumference/height ratio (WHtR), and waist circumference/hip circumference ratio (WHR) were calculated. The percentiles (Indian reference cutoffs) were determined for waist circumference (WC) and BMI. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was determined and compared to waist-based parameters. Results: Of 820 children, males constituted 47.1%. Stunting was seen in 9.8% and 7.8% were underweight. 8.2% had BMI less than the 3rd percentile. The prevalence of overweight and obese children was 9% and 3.2%, respectively, with female predominance. The majority had WC less than the 5th percentile. The prevalence of children under risk for MS based on WC >70th percentile was 4.5% and based on WHtR >0.5 was 8.2%. A significant association was identified between all waist-based anthropometric measurements to detect children at risk for MS and overweight/obese children as per BMI category. WHtR >0.5 was an indicator of overweight/obese children in logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Early identification of children at risk of MS would require a combination of BMI to detect general obesity and waist-based anthropometric measurements to identify central obesity.
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ATTAH KUMAH, EMMANUEL. "Analysis of Financial Performance of Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited, Chennai, India". All Nations University Journal of Applied Thought, 20.05.2015, 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47987/iggm1417.
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Financial analysis of mining projects can be known by studying the financial statements. Financial statements are official records of the financial actions of a company, firm or other unit over a period of time which provide a general idea of a company's financial situation in mutually short and long term. They give a precise representation of a company's condition and working results. Financial statements are sometimes used as supervision tool mainly by company executives and investor's in assessing the overall situation and working results of the company. An effort has been made in this study to analyze the financial conditions of Chennai Petroleum Ltd. This study report on ratio analysis assesses the financial strengths and weakness of Chennai Petroleum Ltd. through Financial Ratio Analysis; to evaluate the performance of the company by using ratios as a yardstick to measure the efficiency of the company, to understand the liquidity, profitability and efficiency positions of the company during the study period by using comparative balance sheet analysis, to evaluate and analyze various facts of the financial performance of the company using multi discriminant working capital analysis such as Y-Score analysis, Z-Score analysis, trend analysis, to make comparisons between the ratios during different periods by using statement of changes in working capital and making projection of the financial performance of the company using trend analysis. Keywords: Financial Performance, Petroleum Corporation, Ratio Analysis, Y-Score and Z-Score analysis and trend analysis
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Varkkey, Biju, i Nutan Samdani. "Employee Unrest at NOKIA India". Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, 22.08.2017, 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/case.iima.2020.000086.
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Nokia India Pvt Ltd (NIPL) was part of Nokia Corporation, Finland. In March 2013, the Indian Income Tax department accused NIPL of evading taxes amounting to USD 3.5 billion. Simultaneously, the market share of Nokia Corporation declined following increased competition from android devices. In September 2013, Nokia announced the sale of its global Devices and Services division to Microsoft Corporation. The Indian IT department freezed the assets of NIPL, disallowing transfer of assets and Microsoft excluded the Chennai plant of NIPL from the deal. In mid-April 2014, NIPL offered Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) to its workers. Despite efforts by trade unions, the plant finally shut operations on November 1, 2014 leaving 30,000 direct and indirect employees jobless. The case discusses the labour relations impact in global manufacturing chains.
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Nagarajan, Ramya, Polani Rubeshkumar, Murugesan Jagadeesan, Mohankumar Raju, Manikandanesan Sakthivel, Sharan Murali, Muthappan Sendhilkumar i in. "Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards face mask use among residents of Greater Chennai Corporation, India, March 2021". Frontiers in Public Health 10 (28.07.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.938642.
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BackgroundWearing a mask is one of the simplest ways to reduce the spread of COVID-19. Studies reported poor mask compliance in Greater Chennai Corporation, India. Hence, we described the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding mask use among adults (≥18 years) in Greater Chennai Corporation, Tamil Nadu, India.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey among residents of Greater Chennai Corporation in March 2021. We estimated the sample size to be 203 per strata (slum and non-slum). We used a simple random sampling technique to select 20 locations using a digital map in the slum and non-slum areas. After reaching the location chosen, we selected 10 consecutive households and one adult (≥18 years of age) from each household. We used a validated, semi-structured questionnaire for collecting data regarding knowledge, attitudes, and practices for mask use. We estimated proportions and 95% CI for key variables and compared the variables between slums and non-slums.ResultsOf 430 participants included in the study, 51.4% were males. The mean (S.D.) age of the participants is 41.1 (14.6) years. The majority (86.7%) of the participants felt that wearing a mask helped in reducing the spread of coronavirus and the knowledge differed (p-value < 0.05) between the slum (81.4%) and non-slum (92.3%). Nearly half (46.5%) of the participants did not like being forced to wear the mask. About 63.9% of the participants reported the practice of mask use while going out which was similar across slums and non-slums.ConclusionAlthough the knowledge regarding mask use was good among the public, the attitude was unfavorable. We suggest continuous reinforcement by spreading awareness and educating the community on the appropriate use of the mask.
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Muniyandi, Malaisamy, Jayabal Lavanya, Nagarajan Karikalan, Balakrishnan Saravanan, Sellappan Senthil, Sriram Selvaraju i Rajesh Mondal. "Estimating TB diagnostic costs incurred under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme: a costing study from Tamil Nadu, South India". International Health, 11.02.2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaa105.
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Abstract Background The National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) of India is aiming to eliminate TB by 2025. The programme has increased its services and resources to strengthen the accurate and early detection of TB. It is important to estimate the cost of TB diagnosis in India considering the advancement and implementation of new diagnostic tools under the NTEP. The objective of this study was to estimate the unit costs of providing TB diagnostic services at different levels of public health facilities with different algorithms implemented under the NTEP in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, South India. Methods This costing study was conducted from the perspective of the health system. This study used only secondary data and information that were available in the public domain. Data were collected with the approval of health authorities. The patient's diagnostic path from the point of registration until the final diagnosis was considered in the costing exercise. The unit costs of different diagnostic tools used in the NTEP implemented by Chennai Corporation were calculated. Results We estimated the unit cost of the eight laboratory tests (Ziehl–Neelsen [ZN], fluorescence microscopy [FM], x-ray, digital x-ray, gene Xpert MTB/RIF (cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test [NAAT] that identifies rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis) Mycobacterium Tuberculosis/Rifampicin [MTB/RIF], mycobacteria growth indicator tube [MGIT], line probe assay [LPA] and Lowenstein Jensen [LJ] culture) for diagnosis of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB. The unit costs included fixed and variable costs for smear examination by ZN microscopy (₹ [Indian Rupee] 326 [US${\$}$4.72], FM (₹104 [US${\$}$1.5]), x-ray (₹218 [US${\$}$3.15]), digital X-ray (₹281 [US${\$}$4.07]), gene Xpert MTB/RIF (₹1137 [US${\$}$16.47]), MGIT (₹7038 [US${\$}$102]), LPA (₹6448 [US${\$}$93.44]) and LJ culture (₹4850 [US${\$}$70.28]). Out of 10 diagnostic algorithms used for TB diagnosis, algorithms using only smear microscopy had the lowest cost, followed by smear microscopy with x-ray for drug-sensitive TB (₹104 [US${\$}$1.5] to ₹544 [US${\$}$7.88]). Diagnostic algorithms for drug-resistant TB involving LPA and gene Xpert MTB/RIF were the most expensive. Conclusions Understanding the various costs contributing to TB diagnosis in India provides crucial evidence for policymakers, programme managers and researchers to optimise programme spending and efficiently use resources.
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Mitra, Anant, Abishek S. Narayan i Christoph Lüthi. "Sanitation potpourri: Criteria for planning mix of sanitation systems for citywide inclusive sanitation". Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 12.05.2022, 239980832210915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23998083221091568.
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Sanitation is a universal need and thus requires universal access. Despite having the world’s largest sanitation campaign, only 37% of urban India has access to safely managed sanitation systems. Due to the heterogeneity of Indian cities, a mix of different sanitation systems is required to meet the demands of these rapidly urbanising cities. The Manila principles on Citywide Inclusive Sanitation (CWIS) propose a mix of technologies as a key pillar in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals on urban sanitation. However, there is a lack of understanding on the criteria to consider when planning the technological options for CWIS. The mega-city of Chennai is chosen as a case study, and mixed methods including a Faecal Waste Flow diagram (SFD), Social Network Analysis (SNA) and interviews are applied. This study then presents a set of 14 contextually relevant criteria for the implementation of sewered and non-sewered technologies in the city. The SFD shows that 35% of Chennai’s faecal waste remains unsafely managed while using SNA identified that the water and sanitation utility, the municipal corporation and the slum clearance board are the best placed stakeholders in the city to create a change in the sanitation situation. Furthermore, 17 drivers and barriers for the implementation of non-sewered technologies are identified. The criteria catalogue was also theoretically tested for an example ward in Chennai. The findings of the study show that a catalogue of physical, technical, institutional and financial criteria is useful for planning a mix of technologies with the CWIS approach.
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Christella, Dr J. Jesu Arul. "A Study on the Awareness Status of Health Insurance Schemes: Among the Waste Collectors in Poonamallee, A Municipal Corporation in Thiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu." International Journal of Social Science and Economics Invention 10, nr 01 (27.01.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijssei/vol10-i01/363.
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Economic growth is fuelled in proportion to the stances of Liberalisation, Globalization and Privatization. Waste accumulation made India a “POOL OF WASTE" or Waste generation is a major problem in a city like GREATER CHENNAI. The urban population is on increase, the waste collectors and their helping hand in making capital cities clean “CLEAN INDIA” is indispensable. Growth in the number of waste pickers helps in waste management. Waste collectors are different from Rag pickers. Waste collection is a type of informal work that provides survival to large number of poverty-stricken people in India. They are exposed to toxins and the working environment also lacks protection. There is no health insurance policy exclusively for waste pickers and the available schemes are also not accessed by them. Waste Collectors from Poonamalleee municipality, Thiruvallure District, Tamil Nadu are most vulnerable socially, economically and also on health ground. Socially they are subject to harassment and sexual abuse- Health needs of these people are not met due to poor awareness and accessibility. The migrant workers are worse affected and the fruits of Government Health Insurance Schemes do not reach them. Government initiation is essential to make this Informal Waste Collecting group to enjoy the fruits of Government Health Insurance Schemes and Policy.
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Dalei, Narendra N., i Jignesh M. Joshi. "Operational efficiency assessment of oil refineries using data envelopment analysis and Tobit model: evidence from India". International Journal of Energy Sector Management, 9.05.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-07-2020-0024.
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Purpose In India, the operational performance of the refinery is influenced by many factors. It is important to identify those key drivers which can assist the refineries to uphold and succeed in day-to-day production activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the operational efficiency of seven Indian oil refineries during the period 2010 to 2018. Design/methodology/approach In this work, a two-stage empirical analysis is proposed. In the first stage, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) – variable return to scale model is used to evaluate the operational efficiency of the Indian oil refineries. The ordinary least square (OLS), random effect generalized least square (GLS) and Tobit model are used in the second stage to identify the key determinants of efficiency and to explain the variation in refinery efficiency. Findings The first-stage DEA results showed that the Numaligarh Refinery Limited and Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited are found to be more efficient than the rest of the sampled refineries and attained their efficiency scores of 0.993 and 0.981, respectively, during the study period. The second-stage regression analysis suggested three explanatory variables: refinery structure, utilization rate and distillate yield, which are found to be significant in explaining variations in refinery efficiency. Practical implications This study provides valuable information that would help policymakers to formulate policies toward improving the efficiency of underperforming Indian refineries, which reduces the excessive use of resources and gives a competitive advantage. Originality/value This study proposes the first-ever application of the profit frontier DEA model for assessing the operational efficiency of oil refineries and explains the variation in refinery’s efficiency using OLS, GLS as well as the Tobit model.
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Gulati, Rachita. "The accident-adjusted dynamic efficiency of public bus operators in metropolitan cities of India". Benchmarking: An International Journal, 29.12.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-03-2021-0154.
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PurposeThe study evaluates the accident-adjusted dynamic efficiency of public bus operators providing bus transportation services in eight major metropolitan cities of India.Design/methodology/approachThe slack-based measure (SBM)–undesirable window analysis approach is used to gauge the dynamic efficiency levels and identify the sources of inefficiency in bus transportation services. This innovative approach integrates the SBM model developed by Tone (2001, 2004) and the window analysis approach of Charnes et al. (1985). The main advantage of this approach is that one can explicitly incorporate the number of accidents in the production technology specification as an undesirable (bad) output and potently handle the issue of the “curse of dimensionality” in a small sample like ours.FindingsThe key empirical findings suggest wide variations in average efficiency levels across sample bus operators in metropolitan cities. The Chennai Transport Corporation is observed as the most efficient and consistent bus operator due to its most stable efficiency performance. The results additionally unveil that the role of managerial inefficiency was diminutive, and the scale-related issues were the real cause of sub-optimal or supra-optimal behaviour of sample bus operators in the resource-utilisation process.Practical implicationsThere is an urgent requirement for effective policy intercessions to mitigate the sizeable observed inefficiency in the production process and resolve scale-related issues of public bus operators offering transit services in major metropolitan cities of India.Originality/valueThis paper is maybe the first to assess the dynamic efficiency of public bus transit systems in India's major metropolitan cities after treating accidents.
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Raj L., Vimal, Amilan S. i Aparna K. "Role of perceived countries’ advantages of cashless economy in behavioral intentions of using cashless transactions: an empirical analysis". Journal of Indian Business Research ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (13.05.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jibr-06-2020-0186.
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Purpose The ultimate aim of this paper is to contribute an extension of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model. The modified UTAUT provides a better explanation for the adoption of cashless transactions. However, it does not consider individuals’ perceived countries’ advantages when cashless transactions are made in the economy. Hence, this research investigates whether individuals’ perceived countries’ advantages of the cashless economy influence behavioral intentions of using cashless transactions. Design/methodology/approach A structured questionnaire has administered with 375 respondents in selected commercially vibrant places, such as Shopping Malls, big retail shops, hotels, and the like, covering the 15 zones of Greater Chennai city Corporation, India. From the 375 respondents, 325 respondents returned the filled-in questionnaire in time. For analysis, exploratory factor analyses used for underlying new latent factors from the identified variables used for measuring the individuals’ perceived countries’ advantages of a cashless economy. After identifying the latent factors, the extracted factors regressed with the intention level of using cashless transactions to validate the influence of newly identified factors. Findings The results of the regression analysis proved that the identified new factors, such as Perceived Economic Offense Reduction (PEOR), Perceived Economic Benefit (PEB), and Perceived Economy’s Security (PES), are positively and significantly influencing the behavioral intention of using cashless transactions. Research limitations/implications This study’s unique contribution is the validation of a measurement scale based on individuals’ perception of countries’ advantages when cashless transactions are made in the economy. The scale development in the present study is an essential step toward the advancement of the UTAUT research model, and this study also proved that identified new latent factors such as PEOR, PEB and the PES are positively and significantly influencing individuals’ behavioral intention toward the use of the cashless transaction. Hence, this study’s result may help contribute an extension of the UTAUT model in a comprehensive view, and this extension may enrich UTAUT’s ability to explain and predict the acceptance of cashless transactions. Originality/value In recent literature, many conceptual and empirical studies have discussed the countries’ advantages resulting from cashless transactions. This study attempts to integrate those advantages as variables through measurement instruments, whether they influence the behavioral intention to use cashless transactions from the general public perspective.
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Sharma, Eliza, i John Ben Prince. "Using the Power-Interruptions-Finances-Resources model to tackle the financial management problems of municipal corporations in India". Public Administration and Policy, 28.07.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pap-06-2022-0058.
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PurposeThe paper aims to explore the problems related to the financial management of municipal corporations in India and to suggest solutions.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on primary data collected from a sample of 577 employees of municipal corporations working in four metro cities of India, namely Chennai, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Delhi. Data were put through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis for problem identification and inferences were classified and grouped to map the solutions for these problems.FindingsThe study found that municipal corporations in India face four major problems or issues in their financial management. These problems are mainly related to the four dimensions: Power, Interruptions, Finances, and Resources. The model used to explore these four types of issues is named as “PIFR model” by the author.Originality/valueThe findings suggest that real-world problems can be represented through a conceptual model that helps in identifying practical suggestions which can be implemented by municipal corporations at the ground level for better financial management.