Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Charles H. Revson Foundation”

One approach to analyzing inequality is to compare average economic choices from a classical theoretical framework. Another approach considers the impact of the formation of society, through statutes and institutions, on average economic outcomes. This paper studies the effects of slavery on black-white wealth inequality upon the emancipation of slaves in the US using historical data. The purpose of wealth has varied from over time. From an economics perspective, wealth is the accumulation of resources that have market value and can be liquidated for present and future consumption. This study proceeds based on the most measurable assumption: households reside in a country with a mixed economy of markets and social planning, such that they have an incentive to accumulate material wealth for intertemporal household consumption and social influence. Becker (1957) and Arrow (1972) developed the most general theories of wage discrimination and favoritism. Oaxaca (1973) and Blinder (1973) have mechanized their theories for empirical analysis. While their findings are insightful, they cannot be directly applied to studying wealth differences since wealth is a complex combination of wages and other variables. Finally, since unexplained differences in states that abolished slavery after the Civil War were 10 percent higher than unexplained effects in states that abolished slavery well before the Civil War and the magnitudes of the unexplained effects were similar over the long-run, we cannot reject the existence of a negatively bounded correlation between the duration of time from enslavement and the magnitude of unexplained differences in wealth. This research was funded in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant SES 0096414. I would like to thank John Ham, Richard Steckel, Randall Olsen, Bruce Weinberg, Audrey Light, Nori Hashimoto, James Peck, Patricia Reagan, Charles Kirwin, Rebecca Blank, Charles Betsey, Alvin Thornton, Leibert Morris, Maude Toussaint-Comeau, Simone Wegge, James Wilbanks, Thomas Maloney, and William Collins for their insightful comments. I would also like to thank participants in workshops and seminars at the Ohio State University, Howard University, University of Michigan, American Economic Association Summer Program and Pipeline Conferences, Western Economics Association International meetings, and Social Science History Association meetings. I would also like to thank James Curtis Sr, K D Curtis, Karen Curtis (deceased), Lariece Grant-Brown, Barbara Broadnax, Dwayne Broadnax, Rudy Broadnax, Zee Curtis-Grant, Raymond Tillery, Chris Cooper, Dr. K A Troy, Dr. H. Beecher Hicks, Reverend Charles Lewis, Reverend Cornelius Wheeler, Reverend James Lewis, Elder David Treadwell, Dr. Stephen Tucker and Roberta Tucker, Minister Charles Webb, Minister David Surles, and Elder Gregory Strong for their support. This draft is a revision of a November 2010 paper and August 2001 paper.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Changes in the tumor microenvironment arbitrated by a stiffened ECM are associated with tumor aggression and enable increased propensity towards metastasis. For instance, in vitro (2D) studies have implicated ECM properties in EAC progression. However, these studies are limited by the lack of 3D intercellular interactions, underscoring the need for physiologically relevant 3D culture models, such as patient-derived organoids (PDOs), that better recapitulate human cancer and its microenvironment to elucidate underlying mechanisms. Engineered hydrogels are an evolving and important component of 3D organoid culture systems, especially to introduce tunable physicochemical matrix signals that have been investigated in tumor progression and metastasis. Furthermore, PDOs have become an attractive pre-clinical in vitro model to study cancer biology and evaluate response to therapeutics. METHODS: We have engineered a visible light-mediated hydrogel platform that supports the development of patient derived Barrett's esophagus (BE) organoids, a precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), as well as EAC organoids. This synthetic biomaterial platform allows control over hydrogel stiffness to better recapitulate the mechanically dynamic esophageal cancer microenvironment, and may help identify therapeutic targets in EAC organoids. RESULTS: Our preliminary data have demonstrated that BE and EAC organoid density, size and proliferation can be controlled by synthetic ECM biomechanical properties. Furthermore, our data show that increased matrix stiffness promotes changes in the transcriptional profiles of EAC organoids, as observed via Principal Component Analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis of upregulated genes reveals enrichment of anti-apoptotic pathways. This suggests that the synthetic ECM facilitates activation of mechanotransduction pathways in EAC organoids and that matrix mechanics have a significant role in activation of canonical anti-apoptotic signaling pathways. Ongoing studies involve identifying matrix stiffness-activated therapeutic targets via small molecule inhibition of upregulated genes that are considered prospective biomarkers in GI cancer. SUMMARY: Our work is significant because it establishes a biomaterial platform that overcomes the limitations of current 3D organoid culture methods to elucidate the role of the tumor microenvironment in EAC tumorigenesis and to identify disease-relevant therapeutic targets. This work will also provide an opportunity to further establish the engineered biomaterial as a platform to potentially elucidate the mechanisms of, and therapy targets for, other human adenocarcinomas in the context of changes in matrix biomechanics.FUNDING: NCI P01-CA098101, U54 CA-163004 and Charles H. Revson Senior Fellowships in Biomedical Science. Citation Format: Ricardo Cruz-Acuña, Secunda W. Kariuki, Claudia Loebel, Tatiana Karakasheva, Joel T. Gabre, Jason A. Burdick, Anil K. Rustgi. Engineered hydrogel elucidates contributions of matrix mechanics to esophageal adenocarcinoma and identify matrix-activated therapeutic targets [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3838.

In October 2011, the University of Toronto and the TorontoheadquarteredGairdner Foundation partnered to celebrate theninetieth anniversary of the discovery of insulin. In 1921, fourscientists worked to discover, isolate, and purify insulin at theUniversity of Toronto: Frederick Banting, John J. R. Macleod,James B. Collip, and Charles H. Best. The credit for this achievementhas been assigned in varying ways. Popular opinion, inToronto and worldwide, has bestowed the recognition for discoveryupon Banting and Best. Indeed, many noted diabetologistshave credited the achievement to this pair. However, theNobel Committee awarded the Prize in Physiology or Medicineto Banting and Macleod in 1923. Michael Bliss, in his 1982history of the discovery of insulin, revisited the question ofwho really is responsible for this wonder drug. Our essay willexplore the pathway toward the discovery of insulin and seekto understand why the credit for this monumental achievementwas apportioned in such different ways.

Few international agreements have provoked more controversy among historians than that concluded at Dover, on 22 May 1670, by representatives of the English and French Crowns. Its main provisions were for an offensive war against the Dutch republic of the United Provinces, leading to its destruction as a European power, and for the public profession by the English king, Charles II, of the Roman Catholic faith, which had been regarded by most English people for a hundred years as the bitterest enemy of their own church. The existence of this treaty was concealed not only from the other European states and the subjects of the respective monarchs, but from the greater number of their own ministers. The motives of Charles in making this amazing pact have remained a mystery. In the present century, they have been represented by Sir Keith Feiling as an attempt to unite Catholics and Protestant dissenters as a foundation for a stronger monarchy; by Cyril Hartmann, K. H. D. Haley, David Ogg and Lady Antonia Fraser as a decision to hitch England to the fortunes of Europe's strongest state, France; by Sir Arthur Bryant as a wish to ensure his country a share of the Spanish empire and his throne a dependable group of supporters in the form of the Catholics; by Maurice Lee and J. R. Jones as a grand design to make himself independent of his subjects in general and of parliament in particular; and by John Miller as a desire for vengeance upon the Dutch.

Abstract Immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion by plasma cells (PCs), terminally differentiated B cells residing in the intestinal lamina propria, assures microbiome homeostasis and protects the host against enteric infections. However, whether exposure to diet-derived and commensal-derived signals instruct tissue resident PCs effector function and dynamically shape IgA immune responses at the mucosal barrier remain largely uninvestigated. Here, we demonstrated that intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) integrate luminal input to produce 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-HC), a cholesterol metabolite (oxysterol) with immunomodulatory functions. In IECs, both cholesterol uptake via NPC1L1 and commensal recognition via MyD88 controlled oxysterol production. Mice lacking the oxysterol enzyme CH25H specifically in IECs abolished 7α,25-HC production and allowed to study oxysterol generation and activity in the small intestine. Inability of IECs to generate 7α,25-HC enhanced IgA secretion by PCs in the gut, suggesting that oxysterol negatively regulate humoral response at the mucosal barriers. Mechanistically, we showed that intestinal PCs sensed 7α,25-HC via the chemoattractant receptor GPR183 to position in the lamina propria tissue. This IEC-PC axis was rapidly modulated by cholesterol dietary content and tuned Salmonella-specific IgA response. Our finding revealed a new mechanism linking dietary cholesterol and humoral immune responses centered around PC localization for efficient mucosal protection. Supported by grants from Kenneth Rainin Foundation, Innovator Award, Charles H. Hood Foundation Child Health Research Awards Program, The Leukemia and Lymphoma Society New Idea Award and the Multiple Myeloma Research Fellowship, NIH ( AI40098 ) and The American Association of Immunologists Careers in Immunology Fellowship Program.

Abstract The Las Vegas meeting of the Rubber Division, ACS, provided attendees the opportunity to hear the interview of Mr. Arnold H. Smith, by Mr. Herbert A. Endres, recorded April 7, 1966. Mr. Smith, as Secretary-Treasurer of the Division from 1919 to 1928, and as Chairman in 1929, was the person most responsible for laying the foundation which supported the growth of the Division to its present status. The India Rubber Section was sanctioned by the American Chemical Society on December 30, 1909. The 28 chemists from the rubber industry who were the organizing members, had the objective of meeting together to solve mutual problems. The major problem for everyone in 1909 was the variable quality of the 36 varieties of wild rubber from the jungles of Central and South America and Africa. Para rubber from the Hevea Brasiliensis tree was considered to be the best type available, but there were at least 13 variations, identified by source of the Para rubber. Charles C. Goodrich, as first chairman of the India Rubber Section, moved immediately to resolve the problem and appointed a committee, chaired by Dr. Charles Knight of Buchtel College, to develop standard methods of testing and evaluation. The committee diligently addressed the subject and reported to the Section at each meeting for 10 years, but progress was slow. Members attending had been instructed by their superiors, “Listen—but don't talk!” Not a very satisfactory format for conducting a meeting. Several key individuals helping to organize the India Rubber Section were W. C. Geer, Chief Chemist at the B. F. Goodrich Co. and George Oenslager, of the Diamond Rubber Co. Geer invented the air oven used to accelerate heat aging of rubber samples, and Oenslager is famous for discovering the effect on vulcanization of organic accelerators in 1906 and for the use of carbon blacks in treads in 1911. Although the sharing of technical information was tantalizing slow during the early years, the American Chemical Society, at their meeting in Buffalo, April 7, 1919, approved the formation of the Division of Rubber Chemistry. John B. Tuttle, first chairman of the Division in 1919, with Arnold H. Smith as secretary-treasurer, determined to bring to the members technical information less restricted in content, and from their neutral position of employment at the National Bureau of Standards, thought results could be obtained.

Le Pr Ravindra Nanda a obtenu une licence et une maîtrise en dentisterie et en orthodontie du King George's Medical College, Lucknow University. En 1967, il a intégré l'Université Catholique de Nimègue, aux Pays-Bas, où il a obtenu un doctorat en philosophie en 1969. Il a rejoint la nouvelle école dentaire de Loyola à Chicago en 1970, après avoir occupé le poste de Professeur assistant en orthodontie dans le service dirigé par Frans van der Linden. En 1972, il fut promu au Département d'Orthodontie de l'Université du Connecticut à Farmington, CT, et y reçu son certificat en orthodontie sous la direction de Charles Burstone. Professeur adjoint, puis professeur titulaire à partir de 1979, il a assumé le poste de Chef du Département d'Orthodontie à partir de 1992 et a été promu pour diriger le Département des Sciences Craniofaciales en 2004, dont les divisions de chirurgie orale et maxillo-faciale, de dentisterie pédiatrique, de l'enseignement supérieur en dentisterie générale et en orthodontie. Il est membre et ancien président de la composante Atlantique Nord de la Edward H. Angle Society of Orthodontists. Il occupe actuellement la fonction de rédacteur en chef de Progress in Orthodontics, de rédacteur associé du Journal of Clinical Orthodontics et est membre du comité éditorial de neuf revues d'orthodontie nationales et internationales. Il est membre de l'Association dentaire américaine, de l'Association dentaire de l'État du Connecticut, de la Hartford Dental Society, de l'Association américaine des orthodontistes, de la Société européenne d'orthodontie, de l'Association internationale de recherche dentaire et du College of Diplomates of American Board of Orthodontists. Il a rédigé et publié sept manuels et plus de 200 articles dans des revues à comité de lecture. Il a donné des conférences magistrales dans plus de 40 pays et a reçu de nombreux prix et honneurs pour ses contributions en dentisterie et en orthodontie, aux États-Unis et de la part d'organisations internationales d'orthodontie. Il est membre d'honneur des Jordan Orthodontic Society, Czech Orthodontic Society, Taiwanese Orthodontic Society, Central American Orthodontics Society et membre d'honneur à vie de l'Indian Orthodontic Society. Ravindra Nanda a été honoré du Life Time Achievement Award (University of Connecticut Foundation), et il est Senior Research Fellow (Japan Promotion for Science, Sendai, Japan − Tohoku University). Il a prononcé de nombreuses conférences d'honneur : la John Taylor Lecture, lors de la réunion annuelle de l'Australian Society of Orthodontics Foundation, la Sheldon Friel Memorial Lecture lors de la réunion annuelle de l'European Orthodontic Society, la Gordon Kirkness Memorial Lecture lors de la réunion annuelle de l'Australian Society of Orthodontics, la John Mershon Memorial Lecture, Boston, Massachusetts lors de la réunion annuelle de l'American Association of Orthodontics et la Wendell L. Wylie Memorial Lecture, à l'Université de San Francisco, Californie.

-Stanley L. Engerman, Heather Cateau ,Capitalism and slavery fifty years later: Eric Eustace Williams - A reassessment of the man and his work. New York: Peter Lang, 2000. xvii + 247 pp., S.H.H. Carrington (eds)-Philip D. Morgan, B.W. Higman, Writing West Indian histories. London: Macmillan Caribbean, 1999. xiv + 289 pp.-Daniel Vickers, Alison Games, Migration and the origins of the English Atlantic world. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1999. xiii + 322 pp.-Christopher L. Brown, Andrew Jackson O'Shaughnessy, An empire divided: The American revolution and the British Caribbean. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. xviii + 357 pp.-Lennox Honychurch, Samuel M. Wilson, The indigenous people of the Caribbean. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1997. xiv + 253 pp.-Kenneth Bilby, Bev Carey, The Maroon story: The authentic and original history of the Maroons in the history of Jamaica 1490-1880. St. Andrew, Jamaica: Agouti Press, 1997. xvi + 656 pp.-Bernard Moitt, Doris Y. Kadish, Slavery in the Caribbean Francophone world: Distant voices, forgotten acts, forged identities. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2000. xxiii + 247 pp.-Michael J. Guasco, Virginia Bernhard, Slaves and slaveholders in Bermuda, 1616-1782. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1999. xviii + 316 pp.-Michael J. Jarvis, Roger C. Smith, The maritime heritage of the Cayman Islands. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000. xxii + 230 pp.-Paul E. Hoffman, Peter R. Galvin, Patterns of pillage: A geography of Caribbean-based piracy in Spanish America, 1536-1718. New York: Peter Lang, 1999. xiv + 271 pp.-David M. Stark, Raúl Mayo Santana ,Cadenas de esclavitud...y de solidaridad: Esclavos y libertos en San Juan,siglo XIX. Río Piedras: Centro de Investigaciones Sociales, Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1997. 204 pp., Mariano Negrón Portillo, Manuel Mayo López (eds)-Ada Ferrer, Philip A. Howard, Changing history: Afro-Cuban Cabildos and societies of color in the nineteenth century. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1998. xxii + 227 pp.-Alvin O. Thompson, Maurice St. Pierre, Anatomy of resistance: Anti-colonialism in Guyana 1823-1966. London: Macmillan, 1999. x + 214 pp.-Linda Peake, Barry Munslow, Guyana: Microcosm of sustainable development challenges. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield VT: Ashgate, 1998. x + 130 pp.-Stephen Stuempfle, Peter Mason, Bacchanal! The carnival culture of Trinidad. Philadelphia PA: Temple University Press, 1998. 191 pp.-Christine Chivallon, Catherine Benoît, Corps, jardins, mémoires: Anthropologie du corps et de l' espace à la Guadeloupe. Paris: CNRS Éditions, 2000. 309 pp.-Katherine E. Browne, Mary C. Waters, Black identities: Wsst Indian immigrant dreams and American realities. New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1999. xvii + 413 pp.-Eric Paul Roorda, Bernardo Vega, Los Estados Unidos y Trujillo - Los días finales: 1960-61. Colección de documentos del Departamento de Estado, la CIA y los archivos del Palacio Nacional Dominicano. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 1999. xx+ 783 pp.-Javier Figueroa-de Cárdenas, Charles D. Ameringer, The Cuban democratic experience: The Auténtico years, 1944-1952. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000. ix + 230 pp.-Robert Lawless, Charles T. Williamson, The U.S. Naval mission to Haiti, 1959-1963. Annapolis MD: Naval Institute Press, 1999. xv + 395 pp.-Noel Leo Erskine, Arthur Charles Dayfoot, The shaping of the West Indian Church, 1492-1962. Kingston: The Press University of the West Indies; Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1999. xvii + 360 pp.-Edward Baugh, Laurence A. Breiner, An introduction to West Indian poetry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xxii + 261 pp.-Lydie Moudileno, Heather Hathaway, Caribbean waves: Relocating Claude McKay and Paule Marshall. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999. xi + 201 pp.-Nicole Roberts, Claudette M. Williams, Charcoal and cinnamon: The politics of color in Spanish Caribbean literature. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000. xii + 174 pp.-Nicole Roberts, Marie Ramos Rosado, La mujer negra en la literatura puertorriqueña: Cuentística de los setenta: (Luis Rafael Sánchez, Carmelo Rodríguez Torres, Rosario Ferré y Ana Lydia Vega). San Juan: Ed. de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, Ed. Cultural, and Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, 1999. xxiv + 397 pp.-William W. Megenney, John H. McWhorter, The missing Spanish Creoles: Recovering the birth of plantation contact languages. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. xi + 281 pp.-Robert Chaudenson, Chris Corne, From French to Creole: The development of New Vernaculars in the French colonial world. London: University of Westminster Press, 1999. x + 263 pp.

Current energy issues have prompted demand for the innovations in constructing a clean and sustainable energy platforms. One of examples for energy carrier to actualize a zero carbon society is hydrogen, which is a promising carbon-free fuel with an excellent weight energy density. Hydrogen production through alkaline water electrolysis using renewable energy resources (light and wind)-derived electricity is an attractive ecofriendly and cost-effective technology because cheap nonprecious electrocatalysts can be employed in alkaline media. However, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode side in the water electrolysis is basically slow and prevents the widespread applications of water electrolysis. Thus, highly efficient and cheap electrocatalysts for OER are highly desirable. Iron (Fe)-based compounds have recently received much attention as OER electrocatalysts because Fe is a quite earth-abundant metallic element that is a very cheap and non-toxic. Therefore, Fe is a promising candidate as electrocatalyst for OER. Due to the insufficient OER activity on simple Fe oxides, previous studies have attempted to enhance the activity by incorporating Fe and other metallic elements.[1,2] Recently, we established a novel comprehensive structural descriptor for the OER on Fe-based simple and multimetal oxides;[3] i.e., shorter minimum Fe–O bond length in the crystalline structures led to higher OER activity regardless of elemental composition, Fe–O coordination number, and crystal category. Thus, this descriptor enabled us to quickly develop excellent OER catalyst, Ba0.65Ca0.35Fe12O19, comprising extremely short Fe–O bond lengths.[4] Furthermore, we found that post-spinel CaFe2O4 catalyzes OER via "multi-iron-site mechanism" involving a reaction intermediate with O–O direct formation on multiple Fe atoms, and CaFe2O4 consequently displayed outstanding OER activity despite the long Fe–O bond length.[5] However, we speculate that OER activity of Fe-based oxides cannot be further enhanced based on crystal structures, and it necessitates to employ another type of compounds. In this study, we report the OER performances of Fe-based phosphates in alkaline media. We selected three kinds of Fe-based phosphates with distinct crystal structures: trigonal FePO4, trigonal Fe3O3(PO4), and monoclinic Fe4(P2O7)3. The electrochemical measurements and post-characterizations identified the Fe-based phosphates as efficient precatalysts that can be electrochemically converted into highly active Fe-based compounds. Notably, the OER performances of the electrochemically converted Fe-based compounds overcame those of the above-mentioned most active Fe-based multimetal oxides and any previously reported crystalline OER electrocatalysts. Therefore, the Fe-based phosphates are promising candidates as OER precatalysts, which can be in situ converted into excellent OER electrocatalysts, and have further advantages of low price, environmental friendliness, and easy production.[6] The part of this paper is based on results obtained from a project, JPNP14021, commissioned by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). This paper was funded in part by the JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid (18H01786), the JST PRESTO (JPMJPR15S3) and CREST (JPMJCR16P3) programs, the Tokuyama Science Foundation, and the “Creation of Life Innovative Materials for Interdisciplinary and International Researcher Development” program of the MEXT. The authors thank Dr. Takeshi Aihara in Tokyo Institute of Technology for fruitful discussions. References [1] I. Yamada, A. Takamatsu, K. Asai, T. Shirakawa, H. Ohzuku, A. Seno, T. Uchimura, H. Fujii, S. Kawaguchi, K. Wada, H. Ikeno, S. Yagi, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2018, 122, 27885. [2] B. H. Han, A. Grimaud, L. Giordano, W. T. Hong, O. Diaz-Morales, L. Yueh-Lin, J. Hwang, N. Charles, K. A. Stoerzinger, W. L. Yang, M. Y. M. Koper, Y. Shao-Horn, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2018, 122, 8445. [3] Y. Sugawara, K. Kamata, E. Hayashi, M. Itoh, Y. Hamasaki, T. Yamaguchi ChemElectroChem, 2021, 8, 4466. [4] Y. Sugawara. S. Ueno, K. Kamata, T. Yamaguchi, ChemElectroChem, 2022, 9, e202101679. [5] Y. Sugawara, K. Kamata, A. Ishikawa, Y. Tateyama, T Yamaguchi, ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 2021, 4, 3057. [6] Y. Sugawara, K. Kamata, A. Matsuda, T. Yamaguchi, ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 2023, in press.

The Cambridge Ritualists, also known as the Cambridge Group of Classical Anthropologists, were a closely knit group of four classicists—Jane Ellen Harrison (1850–1928), Francis M. Cornford (1874–1943), Gilbert Murray (1866–1957) and Arthur Bernard Cook (1868–1952) (Arlen 1990, 1). Harrison, a woman of considerable intellectual influence, was a central figure; except for Murray, a professor of Greek at Oxford, all other members were affiliated with Cambridge University. The group shared a scholarly interest in establishing the common root of myth and ritual and asserted the primacy of ritual practices over written myth in the study of religion, culture and art. Their works captured a new anti-Victorian dynamism, as seen in Harrison’s book Themis (1912). Reacting against Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theory and the positivist milieu, the ritualists evolved as an intellectual movement between 1900 and 1915. They used anthropological, sociological and psychological theories to study ancient Greek culture and drama, while drawing on diverse scholars and philosophers such as Edward Taylor, Herbert Spencer, Émile Durkheim, Carl Jung, Friedrich Nietzsche, Sigmund Freud, Henri Bergson and Robertson Smith. Influenced by James G. Frazer’s seminal work The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (1890), the group in turn influenced Frazer, as they also laid the foundation for myth-ritual criticism that anticipated the rise of structuralism in the social sciences. While D. H. Lawrence was familiar with the ritualists’ publications on Greek drama, such as Harrison’s Ancient Art and Ritual (1913) and Murray’s Euripides and his Age (1913), the ritualists’ wide-spread influence can be found in the works of many other modernist poets and writers, including T. S. Eliot, W. B. Yeats and James Joyce.

A long-term approach is definitive for my career, which has evolved at a single place over more than 30 years. But the Long-Term Research Ecology (LTER) program, and especially its urban research, has broadened my thinking far beyond the boundaries of the ecosystem science tradition in which I was trained. I have added to my expectations of students that they learn collaboration, use a diversity of approaches, explore existing data, and document and archive their own data. I anticipate that they will find careers in a broader diversity of areas than academia. The urban research in the LTER program has provided an incentive for me to work on communicating with the public, educators, students, and practitioners. I am still learning but am much more motivated than previously to reach out to these communities. Collaboration is standard practice for ecosystem science but the LTER program has expanded the types of scientists with whom I collaborate as well as the extent of my external collaborations. My decision to lead the Central Arizona–Phoenix (CAP) LTER project was therefore life-changing in extending the horizons of my science, mentoring, collaborations, and outreach. Since 1997, when the CAP program began, I have been involved in the LTER program. I was the original principal investigator, and Charles Redman and I were codirectors from 1997 to 2010. In 2010, after successfully renewing the CAP project, I took a 2-year hiatus to work at the National Science Foundation (NSF). I returned in 2012 and am currently the principal investigator and sole director. This has been my only involvement in the LTER program throughout my career, although as an undergraduate, I conducted research at what was to become the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest site. I am trained as a stream ecologist and biogeochemist, and I have been at Arizona State University (ASU) for my entire graduate and postgraduate career. Currently I am a professor, having moved through ranks, first as a non–tenure track research faculty member, then as an “academic professional,” and finally as an associate and then full professor. I lead somewhat of a double life, scientifically.