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Chen, Yikai. Characteristics modes: Theory and applications in antenna engineering. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2015.
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Caractérisation et les modes de la narration dans le roman moderne: Théorie de narratologie caractérologique. New York: P. Lang, 1994.
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Franklin, James A. Revised simulation model of the control system, displays, and propulsion system for an ASTOVL lift fan aircraft. Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1997.
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Shishkin, Aleksey. Methods of digital processing and speech recognition. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1904325.
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The monograph discusses the theory, algorithms and practical methods of implementing digital processing and recognition of speech signals. The basics of mathematical analysis of digital signals necessary for speech processing are presented. The acoustic theory of speech formation with the construction of a general discrete model is briefly described. The main characteristic features of speech signals, as well as methods of their isolation are considered. Hidden Markov models and the architecture of traditional recognition systems based on them are described in detail. Weighted finite converters used to increase the efficiency and speed up the process of decoding acoustic signals are considered. The main architectures of artificial neural networks and examples of integrated (end-to-end) speech recognition systems based on them are presented.
It is intended for students, postgraduates, researchers and specialists dealing with speech signal processing, pattern recognition and artificial intelligence.
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Yudaev, Vasiliy. Hydraulics. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/996354.
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The textbook corresponds to the general education programs of the general courses "Hydraulics" and "Fluid Mechanics". The basic physical properties of liquids, gases, and their mixtures, including the quantum nature of viscosity in a liquid, are described; the laws of hydrostatics, their observation in natural phenomena, and their application in engineering are described. The fundamentals of the kinematics and dynamics of an incompressible fluid are given; original examples of the application of the Bernoulli equation are given. The modes of fluid motion are supplemented by the features of the transient flow mode at high local resistances. The basics of flow similarity are shown. Laminar and turbulent modes of motion in pipes are described, and the classification of flows from a creeping current to four types of hypersonic flow around the body is given. The coefficients of nonuniformity of momentum and kinetic energy for several flows of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids are calculated. Examples of solving problems of transient flows by hydraulic methods are given. Local hydraulic resistances, their use in measuring equipment and industry, hydraulic shock, polytropic flow of gas in the pipe and its outflow from the tank are considered. The characteristics of different types of pumps, their advantages and disadvantages, and ways of adjustment are described. A brief biography of the scientists mentioned in the textbook is given, and their contribution to the development of the theory of hydroaeromechanics is shown. The four appendices can be used as a reference to the main text, as well as a subject index. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions who study full-time, part-time, evening, distance learning forms of technological and mechanical specialties belonging to the group "Food Technology".
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Sitnova, Irina, Vladimir Yadov i Svetlana Kirdina-Chendler. Institutional changes in modern Russia: activist-activity approach. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1871442.
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Dissatisfaction with societal structuralist approaches with culturological determinism characteristic of them resulted in another crisis of modern sociology. Traditional sociology ignored a person capable
of making individual decisions and making informed choices, and in traditional economic theory this person hung in an airless space in the absence of supportive social structures. Sociologists began to show interest in what is happening in neo-institutional economic theory, and, moreover, intensively borrow its conceptual apparatus. Attempts to resolve the crisis are demonstrated today by theorists of the activist-activity direction M. Archer, E. Giddens, P. Shtompka, and in the field of economics - neo-institutionalists J. Commans, R. Krouse, D. North, T. Veblen, et al.
The monograph represents the activist paradigm shared by us, the basic principle of which goes back to K. Marx's formula that people, being born under the same conditions, change them by their practical activities, changing themselves. The task of the research is to find an explanation for institutional changes in a certain value conceptual model and subsequently apply it to the analysis of Russian reality.
For students, postgraduates and teachers of sociological universities and faculties.
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Mistrorigo, Alessandro. Phonodia. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-236-9.
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This essay focuses on the ‘voice’ as it sounds in a specific type of recordings. This recordings always reproduce a poet performing a poem of his/her by reading it aloud. Nowadays this kind of recordings are quite common on Internet, while before the ’90 digital turn it was possible to find them only in specific collection of poetry books that came with a music cassette or a CD. These cultural objects, as other and more ancient analogic sources, were quite expensive to produce and acquire. However, all of them contain this same type of recoding which share the same characteristic: the author’s voice reading aloud a poem of his/her. By bearing in mind this specific cultural objet and its characteristics, this study aims to analyse the «intermedial relation» that occur between a poetic text and its recorded version with the author’s voice. This «intermedial relation» occurs especially when these two elements (text and voice) are juxtaposed and experienced simultaneously. In fact, some online archives dedicated to this type of recording present this configuration forcing the user to receive both text and voice in the same space and at the same time This specific configuration not just activates the intermedial relation, but also hybridises the status of both the reader, who become a «reader-listener», and the author, who become a «author-reader». By using an interdisciplinary approach that combines philosophy, psychology, anthropology, linguistics and cognitive sciences, the essay propose a method to «critically listening» some Spanish poets’ way of vocalising their poems. In addition, the book present Phonodia web archive built at the Ca’ Foscari University of Venice as a paradigmatic answer to editorial problems related to online multimedia archives dedicated to these specific recordings. An extent part of the book is dedicated to the twenty-eight interviews made to the Spanish contemporary poets who became part of Phonodia and agreed in discussing about their personal relation to ‘voice’ and how this element works in their creative practice.
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Chen, Yikai, i Chao-Fu Wang. Characteristic Modes: Theory and Applications in Antenna Engineering. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2015.
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Chen, Yikai, i Chao-Fu Wang. Characteristic Modes: Theory and Applications in Antenna Engineering. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2015.
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Chen, Yikai, i Chao-Fu Wang. Characteristic Modes: Theory and Applications in Antenna Engineering. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2015.
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Buhr, Dianne C. Variability in the estimation of item option characteristic curves for the multiple-category scoring model. 1989.
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Mann, Peter. Near-Equilibrium Oscillations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822370.003.0012.
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In this chapter, the theory of near-equilibrium oscillations is developed and normal mode analysis is performed. This topic requires a little bit of linear algebra when dealing with matrices, as well as an understanding of differential equations. The chapter explores small perturbations (small nudges or tiny shifts) to a stable equilibrium point in configuration space and introduces the characteristic equation. Interdisciplinary examples are then investigated, including a surface science example in which the bond frequencies of surface adsorbates are calculated, an example in which the motion of atoms in a triatomic molecule is examined and an example in which the molecular physics of atomic force microscopy is analysed. The properties of the eigenvalue problem for small oscillations are also investigated.
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Volberda, Henk, Frans van den Bosch i Kevin Heij. Enablers and Inhibitors of Business Model Innovation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792048.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 discusses the different catalysts and inhibitors which firms encounter when they innovate their business model, including the various factors that prevented the Dutch telecoms company KPN from renewing its business model. There follows an analysis of how factors such as the organizational culture and style of leadership, the characteristics of the CEO, the degree of external orientation, organizational characteristics, and institutional stakeholders can delay or speed up business model innovation. The roles played, for example, by transformational leadership, the length of the tenure of the CEO, the corporate governance regime, absorptive capacity, and innovative culture are then considered. Case evidence from DSM, Randstad, Roche Diagnostics, and Shell supports the findings. Finally, the chapter considers various journeys that firms may undertake in the transformation of their business model.
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Disch, Lisa, i Mary Hawkesworth. Feminist Theory. Redaktorzy Lisa Disch i Mary Hawkesworth. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328581.013.1.
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This chapter introduces readers to feminist theory as a multifaceted and multi-sited project, not a bounded field. Grounded in the political struggles for women’s empowerment that have emerged in all regions of the world and convinced of the arbitrariness of exclusion based on sexual difference, feminist theory has flourished as a mode of critical theory that illuminates the limitations of popular assumptions about sex, race, sexuality, and gender. This introduction identifies three common characteristics of feminist theory projects in the late twentieth and twenty-first centuries: (1) efforts to denaturalize that which passes for difference, (2) efforts to challenge the aspiration to produce universal and impartial knowledge, and (3) efforts to engage the complexity of power relations through intersectional analysis. It sets the stage for the principal aim of this Handbook: to demonstrate how feminist theory is crucial to grasping the power dynamics operating in contemporary life.
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Kalinichenko, Evgeny. Theory and methods for calculating the inertial-braking characteristics of a ship. «Scientific Route» OÜ, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/978-617-7319-30-5.
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One of the most serious problems of modern navigation is the accident rate that occurs due to inept or belated maneuvering of ships. As a result of accidents in the world, more than 200 ships die every year and every fourth receives significant damage. Full-scale tests show that the stopping distance of large-tonnage ships turn out to be much less permissible, and shipbuilders are able to significantly reduce the astern power of such ships, making them cheaper at the expense of safety. The low accuracy of inertial-braking characteristics is mainly due to unqualified field tests. Analysis of graphs and tables based on the results of such tests show that the spread in the values of inertial-braking characteristics for ships of the same type reaches 30%, and in some cases even more. In many tables and graphs, inertial-braking characteristics are expressed in relative values and are not suitable for direct use when maneuvering a ship. Finally, even when graphical and/or tabular maneuvering information is available on the navigating bridge, it is difficult to use it when maneuvering a ship at night. The research carried out by the author results in: - creation of an alternative computational method for determining the inertial-braking characteristics of the ship, suitable for use on any on-board computer; - development of an improved methodology for calculating the path and time of acceleration and braking of the ship in various ahead motion modes; - development of a methodology for taking into account the influence of a passing and opponent current on the length of the stopping distance of the ship; - development of methods for solving applied problems, ensuring a decrease in the accident rate of ships during maneuvering. The obtained methods include the development of theoretical foundations, mathematical models and comparison of the calculated inertial-braking characteristics of ships with the data of a full-scale experiment. For the first time, to derive the calculated formulas for the time and stopping distance, theorems are used on the change in the momentum and kinetic energy during accelerated and decelerated motion of the ship. In the course of the study, the problems of calculating and formalizing the inertial-braking characteristics of the ship are being comprehensively solved. For the first time, the hypothesis that the nature of the change in the thrust force of the propeller during reverse can be approximated by linear equations has been substantiated and confirmed. The general results are used to calculate the inertial-braking characteristics of specific ships.
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Wilt, Joshua, i William Revelle. Extraversion. Redaktor Thomas A. Widiger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.15.
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This chapter provides a review of extraversion, defined as a dimension of personality reflecting individual differences in the tendencies to experience and exhibit positive affect, assertive behavior, decisive thinking, and desires for social attention. Extraversion is one of five basic tendencies in the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality. In the FFM, basic tendencies are conceptualized as including the following characteristics. They are organized hierarchically, based in biology, develop over time according to intrinsic maturation principles, are manifested in characteristic adaptations (i.e., are expressed in affective, behavioral, and cognitive tendencies), influence one’s objective biography, are reflected in the self-concept, and have both adaptive and maladaptive variants. This chapter is organized around the theory and research on extraversion relevant to each of the aforementioned characteristics.
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Mirowski, Philip, i Edward Nik-Khah. Three Different Modalities of Information in Neoclassical Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190270056.003.0008.
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There were eventually three major formats explored by the Cowles economists in their quest to incorporate information into the existing neoclassical model: information as thing, information as inductive index, and information as symbolic computation. We describe the major ways they differed from one another, comparing the inspirational views of Claude Shannon, David Blackwell, and Alan Turing. Further, each came with its own characteristic mathematical formalism, not easily reconciled with prior microeconomics, which tended to be irreducible to the other candidates.
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Costa, Paul T., i Robert McCrae. The NEO Inventories as Instruments of Psychological Theory. Redaktor Thomas A. Widiger. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.10.
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This chapter reviews the contribution of the NEO Inventories and the Five Factor Model to progress in personality psychology since Loevinger’s 1957 essay. Personality structure is now viewed as a complex hierarchy of continuously distributed attributes; the content of this hierarchy consists of traits and their manifestations as needs, habits, and so on. The chapter also introduces the duality principle, according to which personality measures must be understood as both collections of characteristic adaptations and proxy measures of basic tendencies. Finally, the chapter considers the status of Five Factor Theory, a general theory of personality intended to account for research findings stimulated by the discovery and assessment of the Five Factor Model.
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Wolff, Nancy. A General Model of Harm in Correctional Settings. Redaktorzy John Wooldredge i Paula Smith. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199948154.013.33.
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The literature on inmate “harm” and inmate victimization within prison settings is reviewed with emphasis on the prevalence, predictors, and consequences associated with inmate misconduct, physical victimization, and sexual victimization in prison. The degree of overlap between “offenders” and “victims” is also discussed. The relevance of considering both inmate and facility characteristics for a more comprehensive understanding of both violent and property victimization is underscored. The potential impact of victimization on inmates’ feelings of safety is also covered. Strategies for preventing victimization and their limitations (e.g., protective custody, administrative segregation, disciplinary custody, prison transfers) are reviewed. A dyadic model of harm is developed that draws on routine activities theory and rational choice theory, to more clearly and systematically predict the effects of harm- and victim-propensity attributes of incarcerated people and correctional facilities on levels of harm.
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Danielson, Michael S. A Theory of Migration and Municipal Politics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190679972.003.0006.
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This chapter develops a series of theoretical models of migrant hometown political engagement and municipal politics in Mexico. The models seek to represent the relationship between the dominant political group in the community and emerging migrant actors. The chapter begins by outlining a set of basic assumptions about the characteristics and goals of the key actors in a stylized municipality, before and after the emergence of migrants as an important group. After establishing this context, the model is simplified to focus on the strategic interactions between migrants and prevailing authorities, first with a dynamic algorithm and then as a game theory model. Both migrants and prevailing authorities can choose conforming or fighting strategies; and depending on what each chooses, four outcomes are possible. Game-theory methods are then used to predict actor choices under different conditions and several limits to these models are discussed.
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Klein, Gabriele. Toward a Theory of Cultural Translation in Dance. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036767.003.0016.
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Looking at the history of dance in the modern West, and especially in Europe, where aesthetic modernism began around 1900, there are two characteristics of dance. Whether it is so-called popular dance or a more artistic form, from a sociological perspective, the history of dance is the history of globalization and transnationalism. It is also the record of how urban experiences have been expressed physically. This chapter addresses tango as a specific example of urban transnationalism in dance. In particular, it explores the relevance of a theory of cultural translation for the analysis and historiography of dance and shows how such a theory can arise from the embodied practice of tango.
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Jansen, Tim L. Clinical presentation of gout. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0041.
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Gout most typically presents as an acute monoarthritis in characteristic joints (first metatarsophalangeal joint, midfoot and ankle). These acute inflammatory attacks are accompanied by severe pain, swelling, and commonly by erythema over the affected joint. Such attacks are often incapacitating and fully develop within 12 hours resulting in a level of approximately 80% of maximum pain. Such attacks may resolve shortly during the first few gout attacks, but after having had more attacks they may take more than 5 days to resolve. In some patients with persistent hyperuricaemia, tophaceous disease with chronic gouty arthropathy may also occur. In this chapter, characteristics of such a clinical presentation are described.
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Jefferson, Michael. 4. Discrimination: the protected characteristics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198759157.003.0004.
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Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter focuses on Sections 4–12 of the Equality Act 2010. The Act protects people from discrimination in relation to nine protected characteristics: age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sex, and sexual orientation. It also protects people from discrimination by association with someone who has one of the protected characteristics and from discrimination by perception (e.g. discrimination because of sexual orientation includes discrimination against those one perceives to be gay even if they are not).
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Jefferson, Michael. 4. Discrimination: the protected characteristics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198815167.003.0004.
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Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter focuses on ss 4–12 Equality Act 2010. The Act protects people from discrimination in relation to nine protected characteristics: age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sex, and sexual orientation. It also protects people from discrimination by association with someone who has one of the protected characteristics and from discrimination by perception (eg discrimination because of sexual orientation includes discrimination against those one perceives to be gay even if they are not).
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Parnas, Josef, i Annick Urfer-Parnas. The ontology and epistemology of symptoms: The case of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia. Redaktorzy Kenneth S. Kendler i Josef Parnas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796022.003.0026.
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We present a phenomenological account of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in schizophrenia. We examine the mode of articulation of AVH, their spatial and temporal characteristics, and their relation to self-alienation, reflecting an emergence of otherness (alterity) in the midst of the patient’s self. This process of self-alienation is associated with the emergence of a different reality, a new ontological framework, which obeys other rules of causality and time. Patient becomes psychotic not because they cannot distinguish AVH from mundane perception, but because they are in touch with an alternative form of reality. A characteristic feature of schizophrenia is the coexistence of these incompatible realities. AVH are radically different from perception, and associated delusions stem from a breakthrough to another ontological framework. Thus, the current definition of AVH seems incorrect: The symptom is ontologically complex, involving first- and second-person dimensions, relations to the structure of consciousness, and other psychopathological phenomena.
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Colpan, Asli M., i Takashi Hikino, red. Business Groups in the West. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717973.001.0001.
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This volume aims to explore the long-term evolution of different varieties of large enterprises in today’s developed economies. It focuses on the economic institution of business groups and attempts to comprehend the factors behind their rise, growth, struggle, and resilience; their behavioral and organizational characteristics; and their roles in national economic development. The volume seeks to enhance the scholarly and policy-oriented understanding of business groups in developed economies by bringing together state-of-the-art research on the characteristics and contributions of large enterprises in an evolutionary perspective. While business groups are a dominant and critical organization model in contemporary emerging economies and have lately attracted much attention in academic circles and business presses, their counterparts in developed economies have not been systematically examined. This book aims to fill this gap in the literature and is the first scholarly attempt to explore the evolutional paths and contemporary roles of business groups in developed economies from an internationally comparative perspective. In doing so, it argues that business groups actually rose to function as a critical factor of industrial dynamics in the context of the Second Industrial Revolution in the late nineteenth century. They have adapted their characteristic roles and transformed to fit to the changing market and institutional settings. As they flexibly co-evolve with the environment, the volume shows that business groups can remain as a viable organization model in the world’s most advanced economies today.
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Chamoreau, Claudine. Purepecha, a Polysynthetic but Predominantly Dependent-Marking Language. Redaktorzy Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun i Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.38.
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Purepecha (language isolate, Mexico) has one relevant characteristic that leads to identifying it as a polysynthetic language: productive verbal morphology (in particular locative suffixes). Purepecha is a predominantly dependent-marking language, as its pronominal markers are enclitics, generally second position enclitics. But, in some contexts Purepecha shows head-marking characteristics. Today, pronominal enclitics exhibit variation, tending to move to the rightmost position in the clause; they may encliticize to the predicate itself, showing a head-attraction or polypersonalism strategy and making Purepecha more polysynthetic. But this language lacks noun incorporation. Purepecha has three types of non-finite clause: two subordinate clauses (non-finite complement clauses and purpose clauses) and a syntactically independent clause (the chain-medial clause). This seemingly inconsistent situation (characterized by a correlation of different properties, some of which have not been identified as polysynthetic) calls for addressing the typological classification of Purepecha among the polysynthetic languages.
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Palmer, R. R. Aristocracy About 1760: The Constituted Bodies. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691161280.003.0002.
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This chapter presents a descriptive survey of the constituted bodies of the middle of the eighteenth century, with especial reference to their membership and recruitment. It covers the diets of Eastern Europe, councils and estates of the Middle Zone, provincial estates and parlements of France, and parliaments and assemblies in the British Isles and America. It argues that nothing was more characteristic of the eighteenth century than constituted bodies of parliamentary or conciliar type. They existed everywhere west of Russia and Turkey. They were more universal than the institution of monarchy, more widespread than the famous middle class. All defended their liberties as they understood them. In defending their rights and justifying their pretensions, the constituted bodies elaborated a good deal of political theory.
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Anderson, Christina M., i Elizabeth A. Carroll, red. A Cultural History of Furniture in the Age of Exploration. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474206457.
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The 16th and 17th centuries in Europe witnessed a significant paradigm shift. Rooted in medieval beliefs and preoccupations, the exploration so characteristic of the period stemmed from religious motives but came to be propelled by commerce and curiosity as Europeans increasingly engaged with the rest of the world. Interiors in both public and private spaces changed to reflect these cultural encounters and, with them, the furniture with which they were populated. Visually, furniture of this period displayed new designs, forms and materials. In its uses, it also mirrored developments in science, technology, government and social relationships as prints became more widely distributed, the Wunderkammer developed and there was religious strife and resistance to absolute monarchical rule. Drawing upon a wealth of visual and textual sources, this volume presents essays that examine key characteristics of the furniture of the period on the themes of Design and Motifs; Makers, Making, and Materials; Types and Uses; The Domestic Setting; The Public Setting; Exhibition and Display; Furniture and Architecture; Visual Representations; and Verbal Representations.
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Somech, Anit, i Anat Drach-Zahavy. Rethinking Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Service Organizations: Its Nature and Conceptualization. Redaktorzy Philip M. Podsakoff, Scott B. Mackenzie i Nathan P. Podsakoff. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219000.013.32.
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This chapter focuses on the phenomenon of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in the context of service organizations. Specifically, our aim was to challenge the common approach to OCB by delineating the unique characteristics of service organizations. The chapter begins by capturing the distinctive features of services: their intangibility, inseparability, and heterogeneity. Next, we argue that these characteristics compel service organizations to rely primarily on their employees’ OCBs. Paradoxically, the more committed managers are to service delivery, the less control they have over service quality compared with their counterparts in manufacturing. We then discuss how service characteristics shape the nature of OCB in this unique context and propose an integrated typology for better understanding OCB in service organizations.
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Dalton, Russell J. Opening Political Doors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733607.003.0002.
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This chapter introduces the participation measures in the International Social Science Program (ISSP). Citizens in roughly a dozen and a half affluent democracies were survey in 2004 and 2014. Analyses identify five modes of participation: voting, contributing funds, contacting political figures, protest, and online participation. These modes are compared in terms of their characteristics relevant to inequality of participation, such as the skills and resources required to be active. The chapter presents the levels of political activity in each mode across established democracies in 2004 and 2014.
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Leary, Mark R., Kirk Warren Brown i Kate J. Diebels. Dispositional Hypo-egoicism. Redaktorzy Kirk Warren Brown i Mark R. Leary. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328079.013.20.
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This chapter examines the cognitive, motivational, emotional, and interpersonal characteristics that distinguish hypo-egoic from egoic individuals and speculates about the origins of these differences. Cognitively, hypo-egoic people tend to be more focused on stimuli in the present moment, which they process in an experiential fashion with minimal internal commentary. They also tend to be less egocentric and to have a less individuated identity than people who are more egoic. In terms of motivation and emotion, hypo-egoic people appear motivated to balance their own self-interests with the needs of other people, show less concern with how they are evaluated by others, and display greater emotional equanimity. Interpersonally, hypo-egoicism appears to be associated with an agreeable, attentive, and caring style of relating to other people. In addition, people with these characteristics are probably more likely to experience hypo-egoic phenomena such as flow, awe, compassion, and mystical experiences.
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Zeitlin, Vladimir. Wave Motions in Rotating Shallow Water with Boundaries, Topography, at the Equator, and in Laboratory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804338.003.0004.
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The chapter illustrates the influence of lateral boundaries, bottom topography, outcroppings, equatorial tangent plane approximation, and cylindrical channel geometry in laboratory experiments on the wave spectrum, and characteristics of waves in rotating shallow-water model. It is shown that all these effects lead to appearance of wave-guide modes, localised in one spatial direction, and freely propagating in another one. These modes are coastal and equatorial Kelvin waves, topographic and equatorial Rossby waves, shelf and edge waves, equatorial Yanai and inertia–gravity waves, and frontal waves. Their dispersion and polarisation relations are established, and their properties explained. Mountain (lee) waves are also treated.
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Coon, Jessica, Diane Massam i Lisa Demena Travis, red. The Oxford Handbook of Ergativity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.001.0001.
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As any quick survey of the syntactic literature will show, there are almost as many different views of ergativity as there are so-called ergative languages (languages whose basic clause structure instantiates an ergative case-marking or agreement pattern). While ergativity is sometimes referred to as a typological characteristic of languages, research on the phenomenon has made it more and more clear that (a) languages do not fall clearly into one or the other of the ergative/absolutive vs. nominative/accusative categories and (b) ergative characteristics are not consistent from language to language. This volume contributes to both the theoretical and descriptive literature on ergativity and adds results from experimental investigations of ergativity. The chapters cover overview approaches within generative, typological, and functional paradigms, as well as approaches to the core morpho-syntactic building blocks of an ergative construction (absolutive case and licensing, and ergative case and licensing); common related constructions (anti-passive); common related properties (split-ergativity, syntactic vs. morphological ergativity, word order, the interaction of agreement patterns and ergativity); and extensions and permutations of ergativity (nominalizations, voice systems). While the editors all work within the generative framework and investigate the syntactic properties of ergativity through fieldwork, and many of the chapters represent similar research, there are also chapters representing different frameworks (functional, typological) and different approaches (experimental, diachronic). The theoretical chapters touch on many different languages representing a wide range of language families, and there are sixteen case studies that are more descriptive in nature, attesting to both the pervasiveness and diversity of ergative patterns.
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Raven, John. Phytoplankton Productivity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199233267.003.0003.
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This chapter describes the productivity of phytoplankton, from the initial energy and chemical requirements for photosynthesis to the rate of production of heterotrophic organisms. Phytoplankton are the planktonic organisms which account for most of the primary production in the ocean. Their characteristic trophic mode is the production of organic compounds using energy from light and chemical elements from inorganic compounds, known as phototrophy, or more strictly photolithotrophy. This process uses water as the electron donor and the reduction of inorganic carbon producing sugars, from which all other cell components are made using inorganic forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, and all the other chemical elements needed to produce cells.
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McCrory Calarco, Jessica. Alternative Explanations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190634438.003.0008.
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Chapter 7 answers a number of lingering questions about the processes that generate inequalities in schools. Drawing both on data from the current study and on an analysis of prior research, this chapter discusses the significance of class-based strategies and how they change as students move through school. It examines how gender and race might matter in shaping students’ interactions with teachers, how class-based patterns might vary across schools with different types of characteristics, and the extent to which students might learn class-based behaviors from their peers. The findings in this chapter highlight the difficulty involved in trying to learn new class-based behaviors, either through exposure to peers or through more formal training.
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Major, Brenda, i Toni Schmader. Stigma, Social Identity Threat, and Health. Redaktorzy Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio i Bruce G. Link. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.3.
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This chapter provides an overview of social identity threat theory and research and discusses its implications for health. The chapter defines social identity threat as the situationally triggered concern that one is at risk of being stigmatized and provides a conceptual model of its antecedents and consequences. Social identity threat stems from mere awareness of the cultural representations that associate a self-relevant social identity with undesirable characteristics, coupled with situational cues that bring these self-relevant cultural biases to mind, and personal characteristics that moderate one’s susceptibility to such experiences. Social identity threat can lead to involuntary psychological and physiological processes that when experienced repeatedly can have detrimental consequences for health. This chapter describes strategies that people use to cope with social identity threat and discusses their implications for health, in addition to providing a description of psychological interventions that can attenuate the negative effects of social identity threat.
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Gant, Larry M. Helping Communities Design Governance Structures. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190463311.003.0009.
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Abstract: This chapter reviews the bylaws written by six community governance boards taking part in Good Neighborhoods, a comprehensive community initiative concerned with improving the health and well-being of children and youth living in Detroit. A policy review of bylaws suggested that the bylaws are predominantly characteristic of a community-building model of community organizing, with some elements of a power-based model of community organizing. Technical assistance providers can provide technical assistance based on their experience working with boards and their perceptions of board assets and needs. However, a more effective approach might be one in which technical assistance providers develop technical assistance activities and content in collaboration with board feedback. The use of program documentation, such as bylaws, can aid in developing conceptually based technical assistance.
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Whyman, Susan E. Rough Diamonds. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797838.003.0003.
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Hutton was one of many rough diamonds—‘men of great talent but no polish’—who offer an alternative model to ‘politeness’. These self-educated entrepreneurs add a new layer to our knowledge of provincial society. Chapter 2 defines their characteristics, roles, strategies, and impacts. Case studies give life to Hutton’s collaborators and competitors including the printer John Baskerville, the industrialist Samuel Garbett, and the papermaker Robert Bage. They reveal how outsiders fit (or not) into the social structure and how mainstream society responded. Their lack of education and refusal to give deference caused problems, resentment, and grudges that are revealed in Hutton’s ‘Memorandums’. The result is a picture of suppressed conflict that allows us to address questions about social change and mobility. Yet because rough diamonds had confidence to experiment with new ideas, they became driving forces for the spread of mass culture on a less refined but more widespread plane.
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Stewart, Jon. Roman Polytheism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829492.003.0011.
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Hegel notes that it has been traditional to treat Greek and Roman religion together since there seems to be a general correspondence among their divinities. But in fact, he claims, they represent two quite different general conceptions. Since the Romans and the Greeks had such different political developments, their cultures and religions are fundamentally distinct. The Roman gods are associated with numerous fixed goals or purposes. Hegel takes this to be an important point of contrast with the Greek religion. For the Greeks, the individual gods had a variety of individual powers and characteristics, but they were never fixed to their goals or ends in a dogged way. The Greek gods can be fickle, changing their minds just as humans tend to do. But the Roman gods are one-dimensional since they are fixed on a single end and are not anything more complex than this end.
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Yalcin, Seth. Expressivism by Force. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198738831.003.0015.
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There is on the one hand the traditional speech act-theoretic notion of illocutionary force, and there is on the other hand the kind of notion of force we have in mind when we are theorizing in formal pragmatics about conversational states and their characteristic modes of update. These notions are different, and occur at different levels of abstraction.They are not helpfully viewed as in competition.The expressivist idea that normative language is distinctive in force can be developed in two sorts of directions, depending on which of the two senses of ’force’ is emphasized. I suggest expressivists do better to take the path stressing conversational update: they do better to start with the idea that normative discourse is distinctive in respect of its dynamic effect on the state of the conversation.
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Harcourt, Edward, red. Attachment and Character. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898128.001.0001.
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There are many exciting points of contact between the questions pursued by attachment theory and those first raised by Aristotle’s ethics, and which continue to preoccupy moral philosophers today. For the first time this volume brings experts from ethics and from attachment theory together to explore them, in order to show philosophers working in moral psychology or in ‘virtue ethics’ that they both have more to learn from, and more to teach, developmental psychology in the attachment paradigm than has been thought to date. Attachment theory is a theory of psychological development. The characteristics attachment theory is a developmental theory of are evaluatively inflected: to be securely attached to a parent is to have a kind of attachment that makes for a good intimate relationship. But obviously the classification of human character in terms of the virtues and vices is evaluatively inflected too. This collection of chapters explores the latest empirical findings on the relationship between attachment and the vices and virtues, and the relative importance of attachment status as against other determinants of prosocial behaviour. It also probes the concept of the prosocial itself, and the connections between prosocial behaviour, virtue, and the quality of the social environment; explores whether what we know about these connections casts light on whether there are even such things as stable character traits; and whether attachment theory, in locating the origins of virtue in secure attachment, and attachment dispositions in human evolutionary history, gives support to ethical naturalism, in any of the many meanings of that expression.
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Basu, Sanjay. Microsimulation. Redaktor Sanjay Basu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667924.003.0008.
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In previous chapters, the author used Markov models to estimate the burden of disease and the potential impact of interventions. One of the key limitations to Markov models is that they don’t take into account a person’s unique individual characteristics: Markov models are designed to efficiently simulate the average outcome for an entire population. For many public health and healthcare system problems, however, we need to consider heterogeneity within a population, or differences in risk and differences in benefit from our programs. For that purpose, microsimulation models, which take into account unique characteristics of individuals and the correlations between these characteristics, can be more useful. This chapter details the construction and use of microsimulation models, using examples related to diabetes prevention and treatment.
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Pedrotti, Jennifer Teramoto. The Will and the Ways in School. Redaktorzy Matthew W. Gallagher i Shane J. Lopez. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399314.013.9.
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The school environment is a key place in which to address development of numerous positive traits and characteristics. Hope is a one construct that addresses goal-setting and progress and is linked to many other positive behaviors and characteristics including resilience, optimism, school and athletic achievement, and well-being in general. Grounding today’s children in skills and mindsets that assist them in determining how to get the things they what they want in life may help them to stay on healthy tracks academically throughout their scholastic career. Past and current research has shown that hope is easily instilled and that it can be increased through simple interventions in a variety of different populations. School personnel such as teachers, counselors, and administrators can all play a role in the development of this trait and can help to direct parents in using the hope model with children as well.
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Nelson, Chad E. Revolutionary Contagion and International Politics. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197601921.001.0001.
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Abstract When do leaders fear that a revolution elsewhere will spread to their own polities, and what are the international effects of this fear? This book develops and tests the domestic contagion effects theory. According to the theory, fear of contagion is driven more by the characteristics of the host rather than by the activities of the infecting agents. In other words, leaders will fear revolutionary contagion when they have significant revolutionary opposition movements that share the same ideological affinity of the revolution. Whether the revolutionary state merely serves as a model for revolution or whether it also acts as a platform, attempting to spread revolution abroad, is not the crucial distinction. When leaders have a fear of contagion, it will have a profound effect on international politics, prompting hostility toward the revolutionary state and cooperation with states that have similar fears, sometimes in contrast to geopolitical pressures. Cases spanning the reaction to the democratic American Revolution and the Dutch Patriot Revolt, the wave of liberal revolutions in Europe in 1820–21, the Russian communist and Italian fascist revolutions, and the Iranian Islamist revolution in the Middle East largely, though not uniformly, support the theory. This book advances our understanding of when, why, and how much states with different domestic ideologies affect international relations. In certain periods in international relations, one simply cannot make sense of international politics—patterns of alliances and wars—without considering the fear of contagion.
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Kass, Erica, Jonathan E. Posner i Laurence L. Greenhill. Pharmacological Treatments for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Disruptive Behavior Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199342211.003.0004.
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More than 225 placebo-controlled type 1 investigations demonstrate that psychostimulants are highly effective in reducing core symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults. In contrast, there are limited type I studies demonstrating that psychopharmacological management with U.S. Food & Drug Administration-approved agents for ADHD (stimulants and nonstimulants), atypical antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers decrease the defiant and aggressive behavior characteristic of disruptive behavior disorders. Stimulant treatment evidence has been supplemented by two large multisite randomized controlled trials. Randomized controlled trials from the past 15 years continue to report several key adverse events associated with stimulants but have not supported rarer and more serious problems. Although psychostimulants have been shown to retain their efficacy for as long as 14 months, their long-term academic and social benefits are not as robust. Nonstimulant agents for which there is more limited evidence of efficacy include atomoxetine, alpha-agonists, modafinil, and bupropion.
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Buhler, James. Theories of the Classical Sound Film. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199371075.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 examines theories after the sound film had been codified. The characteristic forms of theory became the grammar and typology: the goal was to map the potential formal relations between image and sound. This chapter considers six theoretical models focusing on the treatment of music and the relationship of the soundtrack to narrative: Eisenstein’s concept of vertical montage and the modes of synchronization that he developed from the concept; Aaron Copland’s typology of functions for film music; Hanns Eisler and Theodor W. Adorno’s response to Eisenstein, their critique of Hollywood practice, and their list of “bad habits”; and the formal typologies offered by Raymond Spottiswoode, Siegfried Kracauer, and Roger Manvell and John Huntley, which all seek to map the conceptual space of the image–sound relationship in film.
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Lake, Morris. Australian Rainforest Woods. CSIRO Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486301805.
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Australian Rainforest Woods describes 141 of the most significant Australian rainforest trees and their wood. The introductory sections draw the reader into an understanding of the botanical, evolutionary, environmental, historical and international significance of this beautiful but finite Australian resource. The main section examines the species and their wood with photographs, botanical descriptions and a summary of the characteristics of the wood. A section on wood identification includes fundamental information on tree growth and wood structure, as well as images of the basic characteristics.
With more than 900 colour images, this is the most comprehensive guide ever written on Australian rainforest woods, both for the amateur and the professional wood enthusiast. It is the first time that macrophotographs of the wood have been shown in association with a physical description of wood characteristics, which will aid identification. This technique was developed by Jean-Claude Cerre, France, and his macrophotographs are included in the book.
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Zolotarev, V. A. Analytic Methods of Spectral Representations of Non- Selfadjoint (Non-Unitary) Operators. PH “Akademperiodyka”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/akademperiodika.421.433.
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This book is concerned with model representations theory of linear non- selfadjoint and non-unitary operators, one of booming areas of functional analysis. This area owes its origin to fundamental works by M.S. Livˇsic on the theory of characteristic functions, deep studies of B.S.-Nagy and C. Foias on the dilation theory, and also to the Lax—Phillips scattering theory. A uni- form conceptual approach organically uniting all these research areas in the theory of non-selfadjoint and non-unitary operators is developed in this book. New analytic methods that allow solving some important problems from the theory of spectral representations in this area of analysis are also presented in this book. The book is aimed at the specialists working in this area of analysis and is accessible to senior math students of universities.
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Stephens, Keri K. Mobile Communication Comparisons Between Diverse Workers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190625504.003.0011.
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This chapter combines the data from all the workers (150 different people across 35 diverse occupations) whose stories have been shared in this book. From the examination of the characteristics of specific jobs that influence mobile communication at work, four categories emerge: autonomy, mobility, task variability, and communication focus. People who have low autonomy in doing their work typically have predictable times when they have mobile access—breaks—but spend the bulk of their days without that access. Workers with a high degree of autonomy are reachable more often, but their access isn’t necessarily predictable: they might be in a closed-door meeting. It’s acceptable to use mobile devices when employees enjoy higher autonomy, more mobility, and task variability. But people who do repetitive jobs, work in a single location, and have little autonomy are more subject to managerial control and have fewer times where their mobile use is considered acceptable.