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Abourou, Ella Appolinaire. "Étude des solutions stationnaires d'un modèle de champs de phase cristallin". Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2273/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is devoted to the study of stationary solutions of a Phase Field Crystal model, in one spacedimension, introduced by Elder in 2002. Thus, we prove by the Lyapunov-Schmidt method of reductionand the multiparameter technique, the existence of the curves of bifurcating stationary solutions whenthe kernel of the linearized operator near to trivial solution is of two dimension. A parenthesis is open forcomparing the energies of the bifurcating solution and the trivial solution. Also, thanks to the principle ofreduced stability, we provide specific sets of parameter values for wich the obtained solutions are stable orunstable. These theoretical results are confirmed by several numerical tests.Moreover, in the classical case of a one dimensional kernel, we establish the phase diagrams allowing tounderstand the different orientations of non-trivial solutions curves near to of each bifurcation point
Delamoye, Pierre. "Propriétés spectroscopiques de l'uranium tétravalent dans la phase incommensurable du tétrabromure de thorium". Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112341.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is concerned with the study of the spectroscopic properties of U⁴⁺ in ThBr₄. – The complete visible and infrared absorption (emission) spectra of U⁴⁺ as doping ion in pure ThBr₄, as well as the magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) measurements have been examined. At liquid – He temperature the absorption spectra consist of broad absorption bands with two edge singularities. The apparently continuous character of fluorescence lines in selective excitation experiments, and the MCD profiles suggest the existence of a continuous distribution of U⁴⁺ sites in the host crystal. – Raman scattering results indicate the existence of a displacive phase transition at Tc = 95K. – X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data show additional lines which could be indexed approximately by a tripling of the unit cell along the c̅ axis. – Single-crystal neutron diffraction measurements indicate that below Tc, ThBr₄ has a displacively modulated structure, with a modulation wave vector q̅s given by: q̅s = 0. 0310 +̠ 0. 005 c̅x. – Inelastic neutron scattering leads us to understand the dynamics of the phase transition. The unique D₂d site symmetry for Th⁴⁺ (U⁴⁺) is not preserved. The complete interpretation of the change in the symmetry site of the U⁴⁺ ion may be described in terms of a local phase angle ϕ₁. The site symmetry varies continuously from D₂d (ϕ₁ = 0) to a limiting D₂ (ϕ₁ = π/2) symmetry. A parametric analysis of the U⁴⁺ energy levels in D₂d and limiting D₂ sites has been presented. In conclusion this study led us to give a complete interpretation of the optical properties of an ion embedded in an incommensurate structure
Chong, Christian. "Observations et modélisation d'effets d'auto-organisation dans les solides thermo et photo commutables". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0066.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work on self-organisation effect in switchable solids concerned thermo- and photo- induced transitions. One part of this work consisted to explore the potentionalities of imaging techniques, such as optical microscopie and AFM. The combination of these two techniques allows us to set up micrometer scale resolution analysis and nanometer scale by AFM. On thermal transitions we have mainly obtained experimental results by optical microscope on single cristal. Using cross polariseur configuration, we follow the structural transition on Spin Crossover solids, on another hand colorimetric analysis allowed us to distinguish structural and electronic aspects providing real flow diagrams in the phase space of the studied system. On photoinduced transition we obtained both experimental and theoritical results which confirmed the reality of the phase separation process in spinodal instability condition. In the meanwhile we have performed simulation on the kinetics of the phase separation spatio-temporal model based on a coupled map dynamic. Additionaly, we have also evidenced original features in Fe(bbtr) compound, a polymeric derivative of Fe(ptz). Finally, in a photo-magnetic prussian blue analogue, we have succeded to caracterise two behaviors closely related to a self organisation effect
Laghmach, Rabia. "Modélisation de la cristallisation des élastomères sous sollicitation mécanique par champ de phase". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0061/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaNatural rubber NR and more generally elastomer presents unique physical properties that are very important for many engineering applications. Strain induced crystallization of elastomer presents a major interest because it improves considerably the mechanical properties. In fact, the presence of crystallites within the amorphous phase in a polymer network induces a strengthening of this material, giving NR a self-reinforcement character. In this thesis, we develop a mesoscopic model to describe the crystallization of elastomers under strain. In this context, we present a kinetic model using a new physical approach: a phase field model. This model combines the crystallization thermodynamics with the local stress field. The thermodynamic description of the phase transition is based on a Gibbs free energy functional F which contains all energy contributions of the system: the bulk contributions (enthalpy and entropy) and surface tension. To understand the experimental observation of nanometer size crystalites, an explicit account of the topological constraints induced by both entanglements and/or crosslinks is necessary. We investigated two limiting mechanisms, a kinetic limitation of the growth, and an energetic limitation. Based on both the kinetic and the energetic approaches, we have systematically studied the influence of topological constraints on the growth process. We have shown that the growth process is affected by the accumulation of elastic stress at the interface. The kinetic model predicts the existence of instabilities during the growth. These instabilities induce a heterogeneous dynamical growth which leads to the formation of dendrite like structures. On the contrary, the energetic approach predicts an exponential increase of the surface tension during the growth that limits the size of the crystallites very efficiently. In the last part we investigated elastomer crystallization under cyclic deformation. To this end, we coupled the previous energetic model with the nucleation process. Finally the simulation data are compared with experimental measurements
Abrivard, Guillaume. "Formulation couplée plasticité cristalline - champ de phase pour décrire l'évolution de la microstructure d'agrégats polycristallins au cours de la recristallisation". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00533060.
Pełny tekst źródłaGmati, Hela. "Modélisation par champ de phase de la rupture des matériaux solides élastiques et élasto-viscoplastiques". Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE010.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Phase-Field Method (PFM), which has been designed for interfacial problems, provides an attractive framework for the modelling of fracture. The present work aims at developing some constitutive models within the framework of the PFM to model fracture in homogeneous and polycrystalline materials. For this purpose, two different situations have been examined. For the first situation, which is typical of brittle fracture, the development of damage is driven by the accumulation of elastic strain energy. The second situation is the one where damage is controlled by the development of plastic strains, which is quite common for ductile or fatigue fracture.The phase-field model for brittle fracture uses a scalar damage variable to represent the progressive degradation of mechanical resistance. The spatial gradient of the damage variable, which is treated as an additional external state variable, serves regularization purposes and allows considering the surface energy associated with cracks. The deviatoric/spherical decomposition of elastic strain energy is used to consider closure effects. Some material parameters have been introduced to control the impact of deviatoric and spherical contributions on the development of damage. Also, the proposed strategy is adapted to any class of material symmetry. Numerical implementation is undertaken via the finite element method, where nodal degrees of freedom are the displacement and the damage variable. For illustration purpose, the numerical simulations are carried out under both static and dynamic loading conditions.An extension of the above model to plasticity-driven fracture in polycrystalline materials is also proposed. The framework of crystal plasticity has been used for the construction of constitutive relations. To consider the role of plastic strains on the development of damage, the proposed strategy uses the coupling between damage and hardening. The consequence is that the driving force for damage contains some contributions from isotropic and kinematic hardening variables. According to the numerical results, the important features of ductile and fatigue fracture are correctly reproduced
Granger, Rémi. "Physique de la croissance cristalline pour les métamorphoses de neige sèche : caractérisation et modélisation des effets cinétiques". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI072.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main objective of the thesis is to improve our understanding of faceting occuring in dry snow metamorphism. The thesis focuses on the interplay between heat and mass diffusion and kinetic effects in the context of snow. For the first time,Diffraction Contrast Tomography (DCT) has been performed to monitor an experiment of temperature gradient metamorphism. The technique permits to retrieve the crystalline orientation of the grains constituting the microstructcure of the sample. Links between orientation of crystals and mass fluxres were analysed.The study shows that kinetic differences between basal and prismatic faces have effects on phase change fluxes at the ice/air interface.From a numerical modeling point of view, a highly anisotropic kinetic coefficient has been taken into account for the evolution of the ice/air interface. The model uses the phase-field approach and couples phase changes to heat and water vapor diffusion.The model was tested against an experiment of air cavity migration under temperature gradient in a monocrystalline ice block monitored with X-ray microtomography in one hand, and with the growth of a negative crystal during a pumping experiment followed with optical microscopy in the other hand.Such anisotropy permits to reproduce faceting as observed.Finally, the potential of the porposed model to describe snow metamorphism is highlighted
Louchez, Marc-Antoine. "Modélisation par champ de phase et atomique des interfaces hétérophases : application aux hydrures de zirconium". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10059/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe goal of this work was to contribute to a better understanding of the complex mechanisms underpinning the formation and evolution of hydrides in α zirconium and its alloys. In this context, multi-scale approaches combining atomic and phase-field simulations were employed to address the structural and energetic properties of heterophase α|hydrides interfaces. A peculiar attention was focused on the γ-ZrH hydride due to its controversed stability and to its supposed role one many sequences of precipitation. In particular, the study was concentrated on the basal and prismatic interfaces complemented by a meticulous study of the habit planes. An original methodology, transferable to other systems and based on the microelasticity theory combined with ab initio calculations, was proposed to estimate the energies related to these interfaces. The results show a strong anisotropy hitherto neglected in the literature. Due to the semi-coherent nature of prismatic interfaces, a correct evaluation of its energy was proven to be difficult. Thus, an alternative approach, grounded in a phase-field formalism and able to describe the core structure of inherent dislocations in prismatic interfaces, has been suggested. This approach turned out useful to estimate the interfacial stability of various systems as well as to predict the coherency loss of a growing seed. It has been showed that the coherent ζ-Zr2H hydride could constitute a good precursor of γ-hydride. Finally, the application of the microelasticity theory to α|hydrides interfaces has clearly showed a preference for πI pyramidal habit planes where a significant effect of hydrogen content in the hydride has also been observed
Brassel, Morgan. "Instabilités de forme en croissance cristalline". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10146.
Pełny tekst źródłaIntegrated circuits in electronic chips are etched on thin films of semi-conductors. Shape instabilities may appear during the manufacturing of these films by hetero-epitaxy. This work is devoted to the numerical study of one such instability, known as the Grinfeld instability. From a modeling point of view, instabilities of films free surfaces fall in the class of free boundary problems and moving interfaces. We study the particular case of motion by mean curvature and its approximation by the phase field method via the Allen-Cahn equation. We propose a finite element discretization of this equation, that allows us to consider several extensions: conservation of the volume, forcing terms, anisotropy. A numerical study of a variationnal model for the Grinfeld instability is presented, that combines epitaxial growth with elastic interactions in the bulk. This model couples the Allen-Cahn equation to the system of linearized elasticity. The effect of elastic deformations in the substrate can be accounted for in this model. We also propose a phase field model to study step bunching instabilities on vicinal surfaces of crystals. Our numerical computations are based on an algorithm similar to simulated annealing. This analogy induced us to use phase field approximations to compute global minima in optimization problems
Brassel, Morgan. "Instabilités de forme en croissance cristalline". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00379392.
Pełny tekst źródłaDu point de vue de la modélisation, les problèmes rencontrés en croissance cristalline sont essentiellement des problèmes de mouvement d'interfaces. Nous abordons le cas particulier du mouvement par courbure moyenne, ainsi que son approximation par la méthode de champ de phase via l'équation d'Allen-Cahn. La discrétisation par éléments finis que nous proposons permet de couvrir de nombreuses variantes de l'équation : conservation du volume, termes de forçage, anisotropie.
Nous menons ensuite l'étude numérique d'un modèle variationnel de l'instabilité de Grinfeld. Celui-ci combine croissance cristalline et interactions élastiques, en couplant une équation d'Allen-Cahn à un système d'élasticité linéarisée pour le film. Une extension du modèle permet de prendre en compte le comportement élastique du substrat.
Nous proposons, par ailleurs, un modèle de champ de phase pour l'étude de l'instabilité liée à la mise en paquet de marches en surface du film. L'étude numérique de ce modèle s'appuie sur un algorithme inspiré des techniques de recuit simulé. Celui-ci permet d'envisager la méthode de champ de phase comme un outil d'optimisation globale.
Vaills, Yann. "Contribution à l'étude des transitions de phase structurales des pérovskites CsCaCl3 et CsPbCI3 par résonance paramagnétique électronique de l'ion Gd3+". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066149.
Pełny tekst źródłaGhmadh, Jihène. "Etude par la méthode du champ de phase à trois dimensions de la solidification dirigée dans des lames minces". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4368/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe report on a numerical study of directional solidification in thin samples of succinonitrile-based dilute alloy. This thesis is based on 3D phase-field simulations. Numerical results are compared qualitatively and quantitatively with experimental observations. The comparison gives a good confirmation of the experimental laws, while providing new information on the dynamics of microstructures. Growth direction of the microstructure is constrained by two axes : the main crystal axis and the direction of the thermal gradient. Simulations allow us to test the variations of the growth direction and the microstructure stability at various misorientation angles. Our results are directly compared with the experimental law that gives the microstructure orientation response in a large domain of Péclet numbers. We obtain a good agreement, both on qualitative and quantitative grounds, between experiments and 3D simulations.In the second part of this manuscript, an oscillatory instability (2λ − O mode) is numerically studied. This mode involves oscillations of both cell width and cell tip position. This instability is reproduced in numerical simulations with the aim of allowing a fine and relevant comparison with experiments of the domain of existence and the periods of oscillation. In particular, the forced oscillation regime is explored to obtain information on the frequency response of the system
Younsi, Amina. "Simulations des effets des écoulements sur la croissance cristalline d'un mélange binaire. Approche par méthode de Boltzmann sur réseau". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2015. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01221833/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaNeubrand, Anne Catherine. "Convection naturelle et ségrégation en solidification Bridgman sous champ magnétique". Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0104.
Pełny tekst źródłaBorges, Gomes Lima Yuri. "Μοdélisatiοn atοmistique de la transfοrmatiοn de phase austénite-ferrite dans les aciers". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR086.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis applies the Quasiparticle Approach (QA) to investigate the atomic scale mechanisms driving the phase transformation from FCC to BCC structures in iron. Initially, the study focuses on pure iron, providing detailed results into the nature and role of dislocations, at the FCC-BCC interface. It was shown that the FCC-BCC interface is semi-coherent and stepped, with two sets of transformations dislocations at the interface. The QA framework reveals how each orientation relationship (OR) influences the interface characteristics. Although the ORs displayed different interface structures, all were ultimately found to follow the same atomic transformation path, driven by the glide of transformation dislocations at the interface. It was concluded that the complete FCC to BCC phase transformation involves the action of the Kurdjumov-Sachs (KS) transformation mechanism in two variants along the two sets of dislocations, with the Kurdjumov-Sachs-Nishiyama (KSN) mechanism emerging as the average of the two KS mechanisms. This detailed description served as a basis for the study of Fe-C systems, where carbon segregation at the interface was observed. Moreover, it was shown that the carbon concentration profiles were consistent with local equilibrium conditions at the interface
Lahreche, Hacène. "Croissance de nitrures d'éléments III par épitaxie en phase vapeur à base d'organo-métalliques sur substrats 6H-SiC et Si(111) : application aux transistors à effet de champ". Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0124.
Pełny tekst źródłaValdenaire, Pierre-Louis. "Plasticité cristalline : Equations de transport et densités de dislocations". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM002/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe mechanical behavior of industrial metallic alloys, in particular those used in the aerospace industry, is controlled by the existence of several types of precipitates and by the nucleation and propagation of crystalline defects such as dis- locations. The understanding of this behavior requires continuous models to access the macroscopic scale. However, even today, conventional plasticity theories use mesoscopic variables and evolution equations that are not based on the transport of dislocations. Therefore, these theories are based on phenomenological laws that must be calibrated for each material, or, for each specific applications. It is therefore highly desirable to make link between the micro and macro scales, in order to derive a continuous theory of plasticity from the fundamental equations of the dislocation dynamics. The aim of this thesis is precisely to contribute the elaboration of such a theory. The first step has consisted to rigorously establish a coarse graining procedure in a simplified situation. We have then obtained a set of hyperbolic transport equations on dislocation densities, controlled by a local friction stress and a local back-stress that emerge from the scale change. We have then developed a numerical procedure to compute these local terms and analyze their behavior. Finally, we have developed an efficient numerical scheme to integrate the transport equations as well as a multigrid spectral scheme to solve elastic equilibrium associated to an arbitrary eigenstrain in an elastically heterogeneous and anisotropic medium
Coquand, Olivier. "Fluctuations dans la phase plate des membranes cristallines". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS096.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis works deals with the mechanical properties of crystalline membranes, which are two-dimensional materials with an underlying periodic lattice at the microscopic scale which provides them with elastic properties. It is one of the scarce examples of two-dimensional systems possessing a stable ordered phase at large distance in the presence of thermal fluctuations. In that phase, the vectors normal to the surface generated by the membrane are strongly correlated; it is thus called the flat phase. This manuscript presents a study of the properties of the flat phase with help of renormalisation group tools, and in particular the effective average action formalism. First, by studying the perturbation theory beyond lowest order, we confirm the stability of our effective average action ansatz used in the following, and unveil some pathologies of the perturbative development. Then we show how the non-perturbative renormalisation group flow can be used to compute various thermodynamic properties of crystalline membranes and draw their complete phase diagram in the space (volume, applied stress, temperature). Afterwards, we improve our model to account for the effect of quantum fluctuations, which allows to describe the low temperature regime. Finally, we examine the consequences of the presence of various defects in the material. In particular, we describe a new disorder driven phase transition which seems to be in good qualitative agreement with experimental observations
Paez, Espejo Miguel angel. "Modélisation et simulation du comportement spatiotemporel des transitions de phase dans les monocristaux moléculaires à transition de spin". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV034/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is devoted to the multiscale modeling of the spin transition phenomena in Fe(II) spin crossover compounds. The development of a macroscopic reaction-diffusion-like model for the phase transition from the Ising-like Hamiltonian allowed the theoretical study of the spatio-temporal behavior of the high-spin fraction accompanying the first-order phase transition in switchable spin crossover single crystals. The comparison to experiments led to an excellent agreement for the dynamics of the high-spin/low-spin interface which improved the understanding of the optical microscopy measurements. Next, this work was extended to the study of photothermic effects due to the crystal heating by the light of the microscope leading to a coupled system of differential equations accounting for the thermal coupling with the bath temperature. These equations predict nonlinear behaviors for crystals in the bistable region, such as the autocatalytic effects, for which we established the conditions of their emergence. The last part of this thesis is devoted to an extension of the electro-elastic model. Here we prove that the elastic frustration is at the origin of the existence of two-step and of incomplete spin crossover transitions. Furthermore, this model allowed us to predict structures of complex patterns in high-spin fractions for intermediate phases. Several types of self-organisation were revealed such as the spatially-modulated structures of the high-spin fractions. Some of these behaviors have been experimentally observed, very recently, in spin crossover compounds
Courtois, Pierre. "Elaboration en creuset froid sous champ magnétique intense de quelques matériaux magnétiques en vue de leur texturation". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10124.
Pełny tekst źródłaDE, VIRY DELPHINE. "Proprietes spectroscopiques du chrome trivalent en champ cristallin faible et sous haute pression hydrostatique". Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066509.
Pełny tekst źródłaSciolla, Dominique. "Extraction liquide-liquide sous champ électrique. Contacteur à électrodes externes". Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845426.
Pełny tekst źródłaBeaury, Laure. "Influence du champ cristallin sur la susceptibilité paramagnétique du néodyme dans certains de ses composés". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112224.
Pełny tekst źródłaBeaury, Laure. "Influence du champ cristallin sur la susceptibilité paramagnétique du néodyme dans certains de ses composés". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376167259.
Pełny tekst źródłaRabeony, Haveloma Manese. "Phenomenes de nucleation en phase vapeur : condensation a basse temperature et en presence d'ions". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13012.
Pełny tekst źródłaSarazin, Nicolas. "HEMTs à base de nitrure de gallium : évolution vers un nouveau système de matériaux, une nouvelle génération de composants". Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Sarazin.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaGirard, Luc. "Etude de matériaux de type skutterudites pour des applications thermoélectriques : Essai de réalisation d'un module thermoélectrique". Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20120.
Pełny tekst źródłaBlajan, Marius Gabriel. "Séparation du muscovite des pegmatites feldspathiques en utlisant des champs électriques intenses". Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2326.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of the thesis is to analyse the possibility of using electric field forces for the concentration of muscovite from the residual materials of pegmatite beneficiation technologies. The literature survey presented in the first chapter points out the peculiarities of the involved minerals and the characteristics of the characteristics of the high-intensity electric field installations that could be employed for their selective sorting. Charge and discharge processes of granular minerals are studied in conditions similar to those of industrial electrostatic separators. Design of experiments methodology is employed for the study of an original tribo-charging device, which can be used in association with free-fall electrostatic separators for the concentration of muscovite. Conductivity difference between the constituents of pegmatite is enough for an efficient separation in roll-type corona or corona- electrostatic separators. Pilot-plant tests have confirmed this solution
Jerjini, Mehdi. "Etude des propriétés magnétiques des composés TGa6 avec T : Ce, Pr, Nd, Tb, Ho, Dy et des solutions solides Ce (Ga(1-x) Al(x))2". Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10132.
Pełny tekst źródłaToussaint, Kathleen. "Greffage de complexes de terres rares luminescents sur silicium cristallin et silicium nano-cristallin pour la détection de NO en phase gazeuse". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0107.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is about the synthesis and characterization of luminescent nanostructures doped with rare earth ions that can be used as sensor for gases such as nitrogen monoxide (NO). Crystalline silicon, which is used as a substrate here, is a poor light emitter because of its indirect gap. It is challenging for the microelectronic and optical telecommunications industries to obtain optical properties, including emission, from this material. Thanks to quantum confinement in silicon nanostructures, a radiative emission can be obtained at room temperature. A possible way to enhance these properties is to modify the surface in such a way that it becomes optically active. In this work, complexes containing luminescent elements as lanthanides were grafted on the silicon surface. These elements are very interesting for optical applications because the wavelength of their emission peaks is almost independent of the environment and an emission from the blue to the near infrared can be obtained, depending on the rare earth. To produce inorganic/organic hybrid materials, different steps were developed and optimized during this work. So as to attach the rare-earth based complexes to the silicon surface, that surface is oxidized in order to generate reactive groups like silanols. A second required step is the functionalization of the surface by an aminosilane (APTES) which enables to link the silica surface and the complexes. To fix the optically active ions, it is necessary to complex the lanthanide ions with a ligand (DOTAGA) that can react with the ammine group to create a covalent bound of the complex. In this work, it is shown that the synthesized lanthanide complexes (Tb, Eu, Ce, Yb and Nd) are optically active and that after grafting on the silicon surface, Tb, Eu and Ce based complexes have a strong luminescence while Yb and Nd based complexes are weakly active. The same type of results are obtained when the complexes are grafted on porous silicon. Moreover, the effect of the environment, in particular a nitrogen oxide one, is studied on these samples in order to check whether they can be used as NO sensors
Roberge, Benoit. "Étude optique et magnétique des composés RVO[indice inférieur 3]". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8191.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuessous, Anas. "Transport électronique incohérent dans les composés de cerium en présence de champ cristallin et de l'effet Kondo". Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0083.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuessous, Anas. "Transport électronique incohérent dans les composés de cerium en présence de champ cristallin et de l'effet Kondo". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605628m.
Pełny tekst źródłaViennois, Romain. "Propriétés physiques anormales de skutterudites remplies à base d'antimoine : effet Kondo, effet de champ cristallin et magnétisme itinérant". Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20191.
Pełny tekst źródłaKhan, Malek Chantal. "Étude des propriétés spectroscopiques de U⁴⁺ en symétrie D2d dans ThCl₄, UCl₄ et ThSiO₄ monocristallins". Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112188.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is concerned with the study of the electronic structure of the tetravalent actinide ions in solid state. The technique used was high resolution optical spectroscopy. We deal with the U⁴⁺ ion (sf²) in the monocrystals ThCl₄, UCl₄, and ThSIO₄ where the U⁴⁺ ion is substituted for the Th⁴⁺ ion by doping. Visible and infrared optical spectra were recorded between 300 and 4,2 K. With these three compounds, it is possible to compare the influence of different environments of D₂d symmetry: real symmetry for U⁴⁺ in UCl₄ and ThSIO₄: approximate symmetry in ThCl₄, whose structure is incommensurate and modulated at low temperature. The fitting of the date was carried out by diagonalizing the hamiltonian which describes the interactions of the U⁴⁺ ion in a crystal field with its environment. This fitting procedure led to a coherent set of spectroscopic parameters. The fluorescence of U⁴⁺ was observed in ThCl₄ and ThSIO₄ and the effect of the incommensurate structure of ThCl₄ on the optical spectra was studied. The symmetry of the U⁴⁺ sites was identified by site selective excitation experiments and a relationship between the incommensurate structure and the lifetime of U⁴⁺ energy levels was found. In conclusion, the U⁴⁺ energy levels in a relatively low crystal field were determined for compounds that have a similar coordination polyhedron about the actinide ion. The values for these energy levels were then compared to those of lanthanide and 3d elements
Rasolonjanahary, Jean-Louis Rafenomanana. "Modélisation par la méthode des équations intégrales de frontière de phénomènes de conduction surfacique sur les isolateurs pollués". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECDL0033.
Pełny tekst źródłaLabeguerie, Pierre. "Modélisation du champ électrique interne d'un solide : Application à la détermination des propriétés dérivées de la polarisation. : Calcul du spectre de phonons". Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3013.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with modeling internal electric field in solids and the study of related properties (spontaneous polarisation, piezoelectricity, dynamical Born charges,. . . ). For most of the studied compounds, the strain applied for the determination of piezoelectric constants is also used for the calculation of the full set of elastic constants. Analysis of the dynamical behaviour via the phonon spectrum at the center of the Brillouin zone simulation and calculation of the OH stretching mode anharmonicity of some alkali and alkali-earth metals hydroxides complete this work
Belghoul, Akram. "Caractérisation pétrophysique et hydrodynamique du socle cristallin". Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20189.
Pełny tekst źródłaRuyer, Pierre. "Modèle de champ de phase pour l'étude de l'ébulition". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002308.
Pełny tekst źródłaGeslin, P. A. "Contribution à la modélisation champ de phase des dislocations". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01009892.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoudot, Cécile. "Transitions de phase sous champ électrique dans la thiourée". Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10087.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoudot, Cécile. "Transitions de phase sous champ électrique dans la Thiourée". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376121548.
Pełny tekst źródłaLandron, Sylvain. "Etude ab initio de la structure électronique des oxydes de cobalt NaxCoO2". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/273/.
Pełny tekst źródła(The NaxCoO2 Cobalt oxides are compounds with many interesting properties. In this work we were particularly interested in two compounds of the family: firstly, the Na0. 3CoO2-1. 3H2O which presents a superconducting phase, secondly the x=0. 5 system which presents an insulator to metal phase transition at 52 K and a rich phase diagram as a function of temperature and magnetic field. Using ab initio calculations molecular spectroscopy methods applied on fragments embedded in an appropriate bath, we presented the determination of simple models as well as the evaluation of the effective interactions for these two interesting compounds. We also studied the cobalt 3d-shell splitting under the trigonal distortion observed in these compounds. This analysis led to reasons for which some results, like the ones issued of ligands field theory and some issued of density functional calculations, yield an orbital splitting in disagreement with experimental results
Belghoul, Akram. "Caractérisation pétrophysique et hydrodynamique du socle cristallin". Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00444175.
Pełny tekst źródłaStenger, Jean-François. "Étude par résonance paramagnétique électronique des ions fe#3#+, cr#3#+ et des défauts dans les cristaux de ktiopo#4 et isotypes". Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10373.
Pełny tekst źródłaDoumbé, Bangola Brice Landry. "Étude de modèles de champ de phase de type Caginalp". Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2260/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis report is dedicated to the study of Caginalp type phase-field Models. Here, we consider two models: the first one being a generalization of the field phase Caginalp based on a generalization of the Maxwell-Cattaneo law and the second one coming from the theory of heat conduction involving two temperatures. We study the first model in bounded (with regular and irregular potentials) and unbounded (i.e. R3) domains. The second model is a phase-field one with coupling term (linear and nonlinear). Firstly, the existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions are analyzed by means of classical arguments. Secondly, the existence of bounded absorbing sets and attractive compact is established. Such results ensures the existence of the global attractor. Finally, in some cases, the existence of exponential attractors, as well as the spatial behavior of solutions when the spatial domain is a three-dimensional semi-infinite cylinder, are analyzed
De, Rancourt Victor. "Modélisation de l’oxydation des aciers inoxydables polycristallins par une approche en champs de phases couplée avec la mécanique". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0021/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAustenitic stainless steels and nickel based alloys are widely used for their mechanical properties at high temperatures.Their durability can be increased by the addition of chromium resulting in the formation of a protective oxide layer such as chromia (Cr2O3).Nevertheless, it is established from vacuum mechanical tests that oxidation significantly decreases their fatigue life.In fact, oxide growth can be followed with the injection of defects such as vacancies, deleterious chemical elements and residual stresses, etc., into the metal.The resulting cracking micromechanisms are therefore governed by complex interactions between the environment and the metal surface, implying the chemical composition and the microstructure of the metal.To date, materials life prediction is a necessity for the nuclear industry due to safety and economic issues.The enhancement of the model dimensionality allow to explicitly account for multi-physics interactions between oxide and metallic phases under mechanical loads.The thesis is in line with it and relies on the development of a phase field model coupled with mechanics that heavily relies on the principles of continuum thermodynamics.The effective behaviour of the interface is obtained by homogenisation methods allowing the mixture of separate behaviours, as it is the case on a ductile metallic substrate and its fragile oxide.Oxide growth residual stresses and mechanical load induced stresses can be relaxed by viscoplasticity, which is isotropic and anisotropic respectively for the oxide and the substrate.Full field finite element simulations are performed to study both generalised and intergranular oxidation under mechanical loads.The simulations highlight the possibility of triggering breakaway oxidation by the generation of tensile stresses in the fragile oxide, which can be localised along oxide intrusions at grain boundaries
Mesot, Joël Mesot Joël Mesot Joël. "Etude par diffusion neutronique de l'action du champ cristallin sur l'ion Er³⁺ dans les systèmes supraconducteurs à haute température critique /". Zürich, 1992. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=9956.
Pełny tekst źródłaBeye, Aboubaker Chedikh. "Spectroscopie des défauts associés à l'épitaxie de GaAs et (GaAl)As sous jets moléculaires". Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4138.
Pełny tekst źródłaLhommé, Frédéric. "Spectroscopie optique du Cr3+ dans LiNbO3 : effet de la concentration en chrome et de la composition du cristal". Metz, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2000/Lhomme.Frederic.SMZ0050.pdf.
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