Artykuły w czasopismach: „Challenges”

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Finck, Michèle, i Floris de Witte. "The Challenge of Challenges". German Law Journal 21, nr 1 (styczeń 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/glj.2019.86.

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Bandi, Srinivas, i Scott Hackett. "Challenges of 'peanut challenge'". World Allergy Organization Journal &NA; (listopad 2007): S131—S132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wox.0000301681.78518.ad.

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Lederer, Susan E. "The Challenges of Challenge Experiments". New England Journal of Medicine 371, nr 8 (21.08.2014): 695–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmp1408554.

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Pace, Diana, Virginia Lee Stamler i Elizabeth Yarnis. "A Challenge to the Challenges". Counseling Psychologist 20, nr 1 (styczeń 1992): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000092201022.

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Schwartz, E. P., i W. F. Schwartz. "The Challenge of Peremptory Challenges". Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 12, nr 2 (1.10.1996): 325–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jleo.a023366.

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Ritterbusch, Jörn, Kirsten Severing, Prisca Henheik, Till von Graberg, Yan Li i Anna Tröger. "The Challenge of Global Challenges". Global Challenges 2, nr 1 (styczeń 2018): 1870003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gch2.201870003.

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Bickford, John Holden, i Devanne R. Lawson. "Examining Patterns within Challenged or Banned Primary Elementary Books". Journal of Curriculum Studies Research 2, nr 1 (25.05.2020): 16–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46303/jcsr.02.01.2.

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Public schools and public libraries often receive challenges—suppression or removal requests—to particular books, which can lead the book being banned. Research has examined challenges to books with multicultural themes and individuals, noted that authors of color are disproportionally targeted, and recognized the remarkable number of challenges to books deemed to be classic. This qualitative content analysis research utilized both with inductive and deductive elements—open coding and axial coding—to examine challenged books intended for primary elementary students. The theoretical framework blended critical multiculturalism, gay and lesbian identity, and radical politics in children’s literature. Findings included patterns based on era, frequency and location of challenge, demography of challenger, and oft-challenged themes, specifically sexuality (sexual reproduction and diverse sexualities), inappropriate humor, danger, death, racial and religious diversity, mysticism and wizardry, racially or culturally insensitive elements, concerning interpersonal dynamics, and evolution. Meaning is extracted for teachers, librarians, administrators, and researchers.

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Ghoshal, Dr Sujoy Kanti. "Educational Development of Physically Challenged Persons in India – Policies and Challenges". International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-4 (30.06.2018): 1614–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd13038.

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Mathalon, Daniel H. "Challenges Associated With Neuropharmacological Challenge Studies". Biological Psychiatry 88, nr 9 (listopad 2020): 670–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.08.015.

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Green, John W. "The Challenge: Statistical challenges in ecotoxicology". Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 34, nr 11 (23.10.2015): 2437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.3105.

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Fetzer, Anita. "Challenges in contrast". Languages in Contrast 9, nr 1 (24.03.2009): 73–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.9.1.05fet.

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Challenges express the speaker’s intention not to comply with a proposition, force or presupposition communicated in and through a prior conversational contribution. This may be a directly adjacent contribution, some less directly adjacent contribution, or a conversational contribution uttered in some prior discourse. As for its sequential status, a challenge is a responsive contribution, and from an interpersonal perspective, it tends to carry a high degree of face-threatening potential. A felicitous analysis of a challenge thus needs to go beyond a single conversational contribution, not only accommodating context but also the nature of a challenge’s embeddedness in context. The contribution is organized as follows: The first section systematizes the necessary and sufficient contextual constraints and requirements for a conversational contribution to be assigned the status of a challenge. The second part argues for a challenge to be conceptualized as a particularized contextual configuration, which may serve as a tertium comparationis in contrastive pragmatics. The third section exemplifies the frame of reference with a contrastive analysis of British and German challenges adopted from a corpus of political interviews. In both sets of data, challenges tend to be realized implicitly, and in both sets, challenging the content of a contribution is more frequent than challenging its force or presuppositions. While the British data display a wider variety of challenges, the German data prefer the content-based, implicitly realized challenge.

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Espinha Gasiba, Tiago, Ulrike Lechner i Maria Pinto-Albuquerque. "Cybersecurity Challenges in Industry: Measuring the Challenge Solve Time to Inform Future Challenges". Information 11, nr 11 (16.11.2020): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11110533.

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Cybersecurity vulnerabilities in industrial control systems have been steadily increasing over the last few years. One possible way to address this issue is through raising the awareness (through education) of software developers, with the intent to increase software quality and reduce the number of vulnerabilities. CyberSecurity Challenges (CSCs) are a novel serious game genre that aims to raise industrial software developers’ awareness of secure coding, secure coding guidelines, and secure coding best practices. An important industry-specific requirement to consider in designing these kinds of games is related to the whole event’s duration and how much time it takes to solve each challenge individually—the challenge solve time. In this work, we present two different methods to compute the challenge solve time: one method based on data collected from the CSC dashboard and another method based on a challenge heartbeat. The results obtained by both methods are presented; both methods are compared to each other, and the advantages and limitations of each method are discussed. Furthermore, we introduce the notion of a player profile, which is derived from dashboard data. Our results and contributions aim to establish a method to measure the challenge solve time, inform the design of future challenges, and improve coaching during CSC gameplay.

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Evans, L. "Challenges of the LHC: the accelerator challenge". European Physical Journal C 34, nr 1 (maj 2004): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2004-01767-7.

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Engelen, J. "Challenges of the LHC: the detector challenge". European Physical Journal C 34, nr 1 (maj 2004): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2004-01768-6.

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Messina, P. "Challenges of the LHC: the computing challenge". European Physical Journal C 34, nr 1 (maj 2004): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2004-01769-5.

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Franklin, James. "Persistent Challengers: Repression, Concessions, Challenger Strength, and Commitment in Latin America". Mobilization: An International Quarterly 20, nr 1 (1.03.2015): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.20.1.7613070u562673g1.

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One of the most perplexing issues in contentious politics is whether political repression deters future contentious challenges. In order to understand this effect, it is important to look more broadly at what explains the persistence of contentious challengers. This study examines specific contentious challenges and assesses whether the challenger involved persisted by taking part in any subsequent challenges over the following twelve months. The results do not provide strong evidence of a direct, consistent impact of repression on persistence. However, the results consistently show that challengers are more persistent when they include organized groups, when they have staged previous challenges, when they seek regime change, when they oppose authoritarian regimes, and when they have mobilized more participants in protests. A key argument presented is that repression filters out less committed challengers, so that contentious challenges that emerge in more repressive situations are more persistent.

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Silva, Ticiana, Fadime Dogan, Peter M. van Koetsveld, Richard A. Feelders i Leo J. Hofland. "PMON148 ACQUIRED TEMOZOLOMIDE RESISTANCE IN CORTICOTROPE PITUITARY TUMOR CELLS". Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (1.11.2022): A541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.1125.

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Abstract Introduction Temozolomide (TMZ) treatment is an effective treatment for aggressive pituitary tumors, leading to tumor regression or stabilization of tumor progression in the majority of cases. In cases of disease recurrence, however, TMZ treatment does not control tumour regrowth. The expression of O6-methyl-guanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) protein and mismatch repair components (MMR) are implicated in the mechanism of TMZ resistance. In the present study, we aimed to develop an in vitro model of acquired TMZ resistance and to describe its mechanism. Methods The mouse AtT20 corticotrope pituitary tumor cell line was used. Two protocols were developed, one based on high dose of TMZ (high TMZ-challenge) and another one using lower TMZ concentrations (low TMZ-challenge) that are clinically achievable after a standard TMZ schedule. Both protocols consisted in pulse exposures to increasing concentrations of TMZ for 24rhs. TMZ concentrations in the high TMZ-challenge were 100, 200 and 300 µM while in the low TMZ-challenge were 20, 40, 60 and 80 µM. AtT20 cells treated with challenges of the vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle-challenged cells) were used as control. Results The TMZ challenges induced a significant increase in EC50 (decreased sensitivity) of the growth inhibitory effect of TMZ in TMZ-challenged cells compared to vehicle-challenged cells in both protocols (high TMZ-challenge, EC50 = 123 µM vs 19 µM, p<0.001; low TMZ-challenge, EC50 = 69 µM vs 21 µM, p<0.001). The TMZ-challenged cells remained resistant compared to vehicle-challenged cells even after 9 weeks following the last TMZ challenge. The apoptotic cell death was higher in vehicle-challenged cells compared to TMZ-challenged cells in both protocols, albeit not statistically significant in the low TMZ-challenge protocol (high TMZ-challenge, p=0.003; low TMZ-challenge, p=0.169). TMZ-induced changes in cell cycle phases were more significant in vehicle-challenged cells compared to TMZ-challenged cells. Differences in cell morphology were observed between vehicle- and TMZ-challenged cells in the high dose protocol. In vehicle-challenged cells, small rounded and fusiform-shaped cells were observed, whereas in the TMZ-challenged cells only rounded cells were detected in culture. mRNA expression of MGMT was significantly higher in TMZ-challenged cells compared to vehicle-challenged cells. MMR components expression was not affected by TMZ challenges. Conclusion The present study describes an acquired TMZ-resistant corticotrope pituitary tumor cell model. TMZ resistance was demonstrated in both protocols by a sustained increase in TMZ EC50, small TMZ-induced cell cycle changes, and lower increase in TMZ-induced apoptosis. Additionally, TMZ challenges affected AtT20 cell morphology. This was evident only in the high TMZ-challenge protocol. Acquired TMZ resistance was associated with a strong increase in MGMT expression. Presentation: Monday, June 13, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

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Asfahan, Shahir, Gopal Chawla i Naveen Dutt. "Ramadan and COVID-19: A Challenge amongst Challenges". Turkish Thoracic Journal 21, nr 4 (6.07.2020): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/turkthoracj.2020.20076.

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Butler, Mary Roseanne, Cynthia Zaletel i Rachelle Lancaster. "Case Challenge: Nulliparous Cardiac Challenges: A Diagnostic Case". Journal for Nurse Practitioners 18, nr 3 (marzec 2022): 339–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2021.11.016.

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Cornwall, Warren. "New challenges emerge for planned human challenge trials". Science 370, nr 6521 (3.12.2020): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.370.6521.1150.

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Onyett, Steve. "‘Leadership challenges for clinical psychologists’ – challenge or opportunity?" Clinical Psychology Forum 1, nr 238 (październik 2012): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2012.1.238.10.

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This article was prompted by ‘Leadership challenges for clinical psychologists’ (Hughes et al., 2011) and our new leadership development framework. It argues that clinical psychology could be making an even stronger claim for expertise in a form of leadership development, both for ourselves and those around us, that is desperately needed in health and social care at the present time.

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Carreira, Erick M., i Pauline Chiu. "Challenges and More Challenges". Organic Letters 23, nr 1 (1.01.2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03811.

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Babak, Stanislav, John G. Baker, Matthew J. Benacquista, Neil J. Cornish, Jeff Crowder, Shane L. Larson, Eric Plagnol i in. "The Mock LISA Data Challenges: from Challenge 1B to Challenge 3". Classical and Quantum Gravity 25, nr 18 (2.09.2008): 184026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/25/18/184026.

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Babak, Stanislav, John G. Baker, Matthew J. Benacquista, Neil J. Cornish, Shane L. Larson, Ilya Mandel, Sean T. McWilliams i in. "The Mock LISA Data Challenges: from challenge 3 to challenge 4". Classical and Quantum Gravity 27, nr 8 (6.04.2010): 084009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/27/8/084009.

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Nyby, Michael. "Demography of Censorship: Examining Correlations Between Community Demographics and Materials Challenges in Canadian Libraries". Partnership: The Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research 18, nr 1 (27.06.2023): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/partnership.v18i1.7105.

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This study examines materials challenges in Canadian libraries, compiled by the Canadian Federation of Library Associations (CFLA), with the intention of identifying demographic trends in patron challenge behaviour. By cross-referencing the CFLA data with five demographic fields from the 2016 Canadian census of population (median age, city size, educational attainment level, median income, and political representation), the study aims to determine whether challenges of a certain nature are more likely to occur in communities with certain demographic profiles. The study identifies twenty-two challenge categories derived from user complaints and three ideological alignments of challenges based on the political ideology standards set by moral foundations theory. Though the available sample is too small to draw any definitive conclusions, some strong trends were apparent. Findings show that the most common challenge types, challenges to racist content and sexual content, are fairly consistent throughout demographic groupings, but notable correlations were found between demographic profiles and materials concerning LGBTQIA+ issues. Progressive-leaning communities were far more likely to challenge homophobic/transphobic materials while conservative-leaning communities challenged more LGBTQIA+-positive works. From an ideological standpoint, young communities tend to be the most progressive in their challenge behaviour, while communities with a low level of educational attainment tend to be the most conservative in their challenge behaviour.

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Wilson, Debra Rose, Cathy Cooper, Kristi Plunk i Mariesa Severson. "Overcoming Breastfeeding Challenges: A Qualitative Inquiry". Clinical Lactation 3, nr 4 (grudzień 2012): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/215805312807003771.

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Breastfeeding duration rates continue to fall short of recommended targets. Weaning that is earlier than the mother intended likely occurs when she encounters a challenge that she could not overcome. It is not clear from existing studies why some women overcome challenges while others do not. This qualitative phenomenological study asked, "What is the lived experience of overcoming breastfeeding challenges?" Three themes emerged through grounded-theory data analysis. Anticipatory Guidance instilled hope and knowledge, and identified potential resources, all of which assisted with overcoming the challenges. Breastfeeding is complexly interwoven with Maternal-Role Attainment. Resilience provides protective factors when one is challenged. Theory arising from these themes has implications for both practitioners and researchers. This study illustrates concrete strategies to enhance maternal-role attainment and ensure desired duration of breastfeeding.

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GORDON, SANFORD C., GREGORY A. HUBER i DIMITRI LANDA. "Challenger Entry and Voter Learning". American Political Science Review 101, nr 2 (maj 2007): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055407070165.

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We develop a model of strategic interaction between voters and potential electoral challengers to sitting incumbents, in which the very fact of a costly challenge conveys relevant information to voters. Given incumbent failure in office, challenger entry is more likely, but the threat of entry by inferior challengers creates an incentive for citizens to become more politically informed. At the same time, challenges to incumbents who perform well can neutralize a voter's positive assessment of incumbent qualifications. How a voter becomes politically informed can in turn deter challengers of different levels of competence from running, depending on the electoral environment. The model permits us to sharpen our understanding of retrospective voting, the incumbency advantage, and the relationship between electoral competition and voter welfare, while pointing to new interpretations of, and future avenues for, empirical research on elections.

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Friedland, Joanna, i Merle Mahon. "Sister talk: Investigating an older sibling’s responses to verbal challenges". Discourse Studies 20, nr 3 (29.01.2018): 340–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445618754418.

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Children’s linguistic and social skills develop through play with siblings, but there is little research into sibling interaction using naturally occurring data. This conversation analytic case study presents an evidence-based account of how an older sibling responds to verbal challenges from her younger sibling during free play at home. The older sibling employs prosodic, rhetorical and linguistic devices to deflect challenges while avoiding conflict. She does this by acknowledging the grounds of the challenge, before invoking privileged information or epistemic differences to reject it. Structurally, the older sibling inserts extended digressions which obfuscate challenges by engaging the challenger and switching topic. These phenomena blur the traditional accept/reject response dichotomy. The findings provide insight into the complexity of a 5-/6-year-old’s challenge-defence strategies and highlight the importance of face preservation and mitigation of disagreement. We propose that the ability to respond to challenges while maintaining intersubjectivity is a component of communicative competence.

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Kovacs, Robert B. "Challenges to International Arbitral Awards The French Approach". Journal of International Arbitration 25, Issue 4 (1.08.2008): 421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2008031.

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A dissatisfied party to an international arbitral process or decision may challenge such matters in the domestic courts of the country where the arbitration was held (the seat of arbitration) or where the award will be enforced.The approach taken by different countries to these challenges varies considerably. This article examines the approach taken under French law and procedure to challenges to international arbitral awards. This article considers the sources of French international arbitration law, when and how arbitral awards can be challenged under French law, and the grounds for challenges of arbitral awards under French law.

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Berdiev, Bektosh. "LEADERSHIP TRAINING: CHALLENGES AND CHALLENGES". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSENSUS 3, nr 1 (30.03.2020): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0788-2020-3-14.

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The article is devoted to the relevance of the training of executive personnel in Uzbekistan, the problems and tasks that need to be addressed. At the same time, it analyzes the activities of organizations that are directly involved in the development of managerial skills of leading personnel in Uzbekistan, how effectively they perform their tasks, outlines problems and shortcomings in their work and in the activities of leading personnel

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Watkins, Andrew, Lee Amaya, Macey Wolfe, John Schoen, Erica Stohs, Sara May, Mark Rupp, Trevor Craig Van Schooneveld, Bryan Alexander i Scott Bergman. "Use of a Beta-Lactam Graded Challenge Process at an Academic Medical Center". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (październik 2020): s502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.1183.

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Background: A penicillin allergy guidance document containing an algorithm for challenging penicillin allergic patients with β-lactams was developed by the antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP). As part of this algorithm, a “graded challenge” order set was created containing antimicrobial orders and safety medications along with monitoring instructions. The process is designed to challenge patients at low risk of reaction with infusions of 1% of the target dose, then 10%, and finally the full dose, each 30 minutes apart. We evaluated outcomes from the order set. Methods: Orders of the graded challenge over 17 months (March 2018 through July 2019) were reviewed retrospectively. Data were collected on ordering and outcomes of the challenges and allergy documentation. Use was evaluated based on ASP-recommended indications: history of IgE-mediated or unknown reaction plus (1) no previous β-lactam tolerance and the reaction occurred >10 years ago, or (2) previous β-lactam tolerance, now requiring a different β-lactam for treatment. Only administered challenges were included and descriptive statistics were utilized. Results: Of 67 orders, 57 graded challenges were administered to 56 patients. The most common allergies were penicillins (87.7%) and cephalosporins (38.6%), with the most common reactions being unknown (41.7%) or hives (22%). The most common antibiotics challenged were ceftriaxone (43.9%), cefepime (21.1%), and cefazolin (5.3%). Antibiotics given prior to challenge included vancomycin (48.2%), fluoroquinolones (35.7%), carbapenems (21.4%), aztreonam (19.6%), and clindamycin (12.5%). The median duration of challenged antibiotic was 6 days. The infectious diseases service was consulted on 59.6% of challenges and 75.4% of challenges were administered in non-ICU settings. There was 1 reaction (1.8%) involving a rash with the second infusion, which was treated with oral diphenhydramine and had no lasting effects. Based on indications, 80.7% of challenges were aligned with ASP guidance criteria. The most common use outside of these criteria was in patients without IgE-mediated reactions (10.5%). Most of these had minor rashes and could have received a full dose of a cephalosporin. Allergy information was updated in the electronic health record after 91.2% of challenges. Conclusions: We demonstrated the utility of a graded challenge process at our academic medical center. It was well tolerated, ordered frequently by noninfectious diseases clinicians, administered primarily in non-ICU settings, and regularly resulted in updated allergy information in the medical record. With many patients initially receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics with high costs or increased rates of adverse effects, graded challenges can potentially prevent the use of suboptimal therapies with minimal time and resource investment.Funding: NoneDisclosures: Scott Bergman reports a research grant from Merck.

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Lammintausta, K., i O. Kortekangas-Savolainen. "Oral challenge in patients with suspected cutaneous adverse drug reactions: findings in 784 patients during a 25-year-period". Acta Dermato-Venereologica 85, nr 6 (23.11.2005): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00015550510042859.

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The aim of this study was to analyse the usefulness of oral challenge test with different drugs in confirming cutaneous adverse drug reactions in routine clinical practice. During the years 1975-2000 a total of 1,001 challenges were carried out in 784 patients. Patients with serious drug reactions were excluded and those with positive skin test reactions were challenged only in dubious cases. Of 1,001 challenges, 136 (13%) patients developed a positive challenge reaction. Antimicrobial drugs were most commonly suspected, accounting for 67% of challenges and 66% of the positive reactions. Exanthema was the most common skin reaction (72%), followed by fixed drug eruption (16%) and urticaria (12%). One serious challenge reaction with salazosulfapyridine was seen. We conclude that the challenge test is most useful as a tolerance test or to exclude drug hypersensitivity. It may be useful to complete studies of adverse drug reactions in patients with a history of exanthema, if other diagnostic methods are not available or if other diagnostic tests yield negative results. Out-patient protocol can be used in most cases.

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Jones, Alison, i Joanne Boyer. "P-68 The challenge project – preparing for tomorrow’s challenges". BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care 5, Suppl 3 (listopad 2015): A24.2—A25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2015-001026.68.

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Gregory, Peggy, Leonor Barroca, Helen Sharp, Advait Deshpande i Katie Taylor. "The challenges that challenge: Engaging with agile practitioners’ concerns". Information and Software Technology 77 (wrzesień 2016): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2016.04.006.

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Baarslag, Vincent, Amber Geurts i Frans van der Zee. "Realising societal challenges: Towards challenge-led monitoring and evaluation". fteval JOURNAL for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, nr 55 (2024): e1, 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2024.632.

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Challenge-led innovation policies place societal challenges and transitions at the focal centre and goal of innovation policy. This new genre of innovation policy not only requires new approaches in agenda-setting, programming, implementation and management, but also requires a renewed view and practice of monitoring and evaluation in order to be able to steer innovation policies towards societal goals. In this paper, we focus on the necessity and usefulness of a different view and way of monitoring and evaluating challenge-led R&I policy and its implementation – which we term challenge-led monitoring and evaluation. To define this new approach, we conducted a literature review. Our analysis identifies the bottlenecks as well as potential routes to arrive at an appropriate monitoring and evaluation framework for challenge-led innovation policies. Next, our analysis highlights how governance and institutionalised evaluation culture and practice are presented as (part of) solutions to all four identified bottlenecks but usually considered an afterthought requiring ‘experimentation’. However, overcoming other identified bottlenecks in challenge-led monitoring and evaluation is contingent upon altering (a) governance and organisational structures as well as (b) institutionalised assumptions and practices. Therefore, we argue that in order to further develop challenge-led monitoring and evaluation, the roles of governance and organisational structures as well as institutionalised assumptions and practices should be problematised and prioritised as bottlenecks.

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ILIȘOI, Diana. "CHALLENGES OF INTERCULTURALITY". Review of the Air Force Academy 14, nr 2 (8.12.2016): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/1842-9238.2016.14.2.19.

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Dr. B. M. Ratnakar, Dr B. M. Ratnakar. "Educational Administration – Challenges". International Journal of Scientific Research 2, nr 11 (1.06.2012): 472–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/nov2013/157.

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Chakravartty, Maitri. "Future Educational Challenges". International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, nr 1 (5.01.2023): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23106222322.

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Vayonis, Andrew G., James T. Seroky, William J. Doyle, David P. Skoner i Philip Fireman. "Intranasal Histamine, Methacholine, and Bradykinin Challenge in Children with and without Allergy". American Journal of Rhinology 9, nr 1 (styczeń 1995): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065895781874051.

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In this study, allergic and non allergic children (7–13 years) were challenged with increasing doses (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 mg) of histamine, methacholine, and bradykinin at different study sessions. The effects of these challenges on nasal patency, secretion weight, sneezing, nasal symptoms, eustachian tube function, middle-ear pressure, and pulmonary function were documented. Although intranasal challenges with the three substances provoked nasal symptoms and secretion, only histamine challenge provoked sneezing and resulted in significant changes in the measures of nasal patency and eustachian tube function. None of the substances provoked changes in middle ear pressures or pulmonary function. Allergic status had a significant effect on secretion weight and symptoms of congestion and rhinorrhea, most consistently documented as a greater response of the allergic subjects to histamine challenge. In general, the results of this study in children are similar to those previously described for challenges with these substances in adults.

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Abdallah, Naglaa A. "Challenges". GM Crops 1, nr 2 (1.03.2010): 0–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/gmcr.1.2.12283.

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Verckens, Jan Piet. "Challenges". Information Design Journal 12, nr 1 (15.09.2004): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idjdd.12.1.15ver.

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Tawes, Roy L. "Challenges". American Journal of Surgery 160, nr 2 (sierpień 1990): 146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9610(05)80294-6.

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Meffe, Gary K. "Challenges". Oryx 31, nr 3 (lipiec 1997): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300022080.

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The world of the conservation biologist is nothing if not challenging. Continually limited funding, a depressing litany of habitat and species losses, a burgeoning human population that does not seem to grasp the relevance or depth of our problems, and a complex natural world with few easy and clear answers are just a few of the challenges that we face daily. Despite that, we continue on, confident in the knowledge that we are doing the right thing and hopeful that the global situation will improve with our help. We have little choice but to forge ahead if we truly believe that what we are doing is correct and necessary, so we persevere against evermounting odds.

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VanSant, Ann F. "Challenges". Pediatric Physical Therapy 17, nr 4 (2005): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.pep.0000191718.86606.80.

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Birnbaum, Marvin L. "Challenges". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 6, nr 2 (czerwiec 1991): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00028223.

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Birnbaum, Marvin L. "Challenges". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 22, nr 5 (październik 2007): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00005033.

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Burton, Kim, i Paul Brinckmann. "Challenges". Clinical Biomechanics 27, nr 3 (marzec 2012): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2011.12.002.

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Hinchman, Kathleen A., i Kelly Chandler-Olcott. "Challenges". Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy 61, nr 1 (26.06.2017): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jaal.672.

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Moore, Michael S. "RESPONSIBLE CHOICES, DESERT-BASED LEGAL INSTITUTIONS, AND THE CHALLENGES OF CONTEMPORARY NEUROSCIENCE". Social Philosophy and Policy 29, nr 1 (14.12.2011): 233–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052511000082.

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AbstractNeuroscience is commonly thought to challenge the basic way we think of ourselves in ordinary thought, morality, and the law. This paper: (1) describes the legal institutions challenged in this way by neuroscience, including in that description both the political philosophy such institutions enshrine and the common sense psychology they presuppose; (2) describes the three kinds of data produced by contemporary neuroscience that is thought to challenge these commonsense views of ourselves in morals and law; and (3) distinguishes four major and several minor kinds of challenges that that data can reasonably be interpreted to present. The major challenges are: first, the challenge of reductionism, that we are merely machines; second, the challenge of determinism, that we are caused to choose and act as we do by brain states that we do not control; third, the challenge of epiphenomenalism, that our choices do not cause our actions because our brains are the real cause of those actions; and fourth, the challenge of fallibilism, that we do not have direct access to those of our mental states that do cause our actions, nor are we infallible in such knowledge as we do have of them.

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Rathore, Sapna. "A Chronological Review on Face Detection Algorithms Used in Modern Surveillance Systems". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, nr 11 (30.11.2021): 756–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38900.

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Abstract: The domain of face detection and recognition has fascinated researchers from last many decades due to its varied complexities. As till date various technologies are proposed for the same but fails to encounter every possible challenge during face detection. It has been a major challenge to identify a prominent methodology fully capable to detect and recognize faces challenged by every possible sources of noise and challenges. Environmental noise, scene complexity, occluded environment, etc reasons has been continuously deteriorating the modern surveillance systems. In this article we have reviewed various prominent approaches for facial detection ranging from classical edge based detection to neural network based model. Index Terms: Face detection, challenges, noise, features.

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