Artykuły w czasopismach: „CGH”

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Caliebe, A., K. Platzer, L. Argyriou, S. Bens, Y. Hellenbroich, N. Husemeyer, I. Nagel i in. "Array-CGH". medizinische genetik 24, nr 2 (czerwiec 2012): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11825-012-0330-3.

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Autio, R., S. Hautaniemi, P. Kauraniemi, O. Yli-Harja, J. Astola, M. Wolf i A. Kallioniemi. "CGH-Plotter: MATLAB toolbox for CGH-data analysis". Bioinformatics 19, nr 13 (1.09.2003): 1714–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg230.

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Sifre, Vicente, Carme Soler, Sergi Segarra, José Ignacio Redondo, Luis Doménech, Amadeo Ten-Esteve, Laura Vilalta, Luis Pardo-Marín i Claudio Iván Serra. "Improved Joint Health Following Oral Administration of Glycosaminoglycans with Native Type II Collagen in a Rabbit Model of Osteoarthritis". Animals 12, nr 11 (30.05.2022): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12111401.

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A prospective, experimental, randomized, double blinded study was designed to evaluate the effects of glycosaminoglycans, with or without native type II collagen (NC), in an osteoarthritis model induced by cranial cruciate ligament transection. The following compounds were tested: chondroitin sulfate (CS), glucosamine hydrochloride (GlHCl), hyaluronic acid (HA) and NC. Fifty-four female 12-week-old New Zealand rabbits were classified into three groups: CTR (control–no treatment), CGH (CS + GlHCl + HA) and CGH-NC (CS + GlHCl + HA + NC). Each group was subdivided into three subgroups according to survival times of 24, 56 and 84 days. Over time, all rabbits developed degenerative changes associated with osteoarthritis. CGH-NC showed significantly improved values on macroscopic evaluation, compared to CTR and CGH. Microscopically, significantly better results were seen with CGH and CGH-NC, compared to CTR, and synovial membrane values were significantly better with CGH-NC compared to CGH. A significant improvement in magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers was also observed with CGH-NC in cartilage transversal relaxation time (T2) and subchondral bone D2D fractal dimension in the lateral condyle. In conclusion, our results show beneficial effects on joint health of CGH and CGH-NC and also supports that adding NC to CGH results in even greater efficacy.

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Farmer, Peter K., Suzanne J. Snodgrass, Anthony J. Buxton i Darren A. Rivett. "An Investigation of Cervical Spinal Posture in Cervicogenic Headache". Physical Therapy 95, nr 2 (1.02.2015): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20140073.

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Background Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is defined as headache symptoms originating from the cervical spine. Cervical dysfunction from abnormal posture has been proposed to aggravate or cause CGH, but there are conflicting reports as to whether there is an association between posture and CGH. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in cervical spinal posture, measured on radiographs, between patients with probable CGH and asymptomatic control participants. Design A single-blinded comparative measurement design was used. Methods Differences in postural variables from radiographs between participants with CGH (n=30) and age- and sex-matched asymptomatic control participants (n=30) were determined using paired t tests or the nonparametric equivalent. Postural variables were general cervical lordosis (GCL, Cobb angle C2–C7), upper cervical lordosis (UCL, sagittal alignment C2 compared with C3–C4), and C2 spinous process horizontal deviation. Logistic regression determined postural variables, increasing the likelihood of CGH. Results There were no significant differences in posture between the CGH and control groups. The mean GCL was 10.97 degrees (SD=7.50) for the CGH group and 7.17 degrees (SD=5.69) for the control group. The mean UCL was 11.86 degrees (SD=6.46) for the CGH group and 9.44 degrees (SD=4.28) for the control group. The mean C2 spinous process horizontal deviation was 3.00 mm (SD=1.66) for the CGH group and 2.86 mm (SD=2.04) for the control group. However, there was a significant association between greater GCL and an increased likelihood of having CGH (odds ratio=1.08; 95% confidence interval=1.001, 1.191). Limitations The findings are limited to an association between GCL and posture, as cause and effect cannot be determined. Conclusions The association between greater GCL and increased likelihood of having CGH suggests that GCL might be considered in the treatment of patients with CGH. However, as the data do not support posture as a cause of CGH, it is unknown whether addressing posture would reduce CGH.

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Bejjani, Bassem A., i Lisa G. Shaffer. "Targeted Array CGH". Journal of Molecular Diagnostics 8, nr 5 (listopad 2006): 537–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1525-1578(10)60341-8.

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Lingjaerde, O. C., L. O. Baumbusch, K. Liestol, I. K. Glad i A. L. Borresen-Dale. "CGH-Explorer: a program for analysis of array-CGH data". Bioinformatics 21, nr 6 (5.11.2004): 821–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti113.

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Sudar, Damir, Lucas van Vliet, Steve Clark, Rick Segraves, Stephen Lockett, Donna Albertson, Joe Gray i Pinkel Daniel. "Design of a Wide Field High Sensitivity Imaging System for Quantitative Analysis of CGHA Micro-Arrays." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (sierpień 1997): 811–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600010941.

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Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) is a quantitative technique for determining relative copy numbers of DNA sequences in whole-genomic test samples. In conventional CGH, test DNA labelled with one fluorochrome and reference DNA labelled with a spectrally different fluorochrome are hybridized to metaphase chromosomes. by measuring the ratio of intensities of the two fluorochromes, a relative copy number of sequences in the test DNA can be calculated for each point along each chromosome. While this approach is very useful for rapid surveying of the entire test genome, the spatial and dynamic resolution are compromised by the dense packing of DNA in the metaphase state. CGHa (array-based CGH) uses spots of cloned DNA arrayed onto a microscope slide which represent the entire genome or interesting sections thereof. Spatial resolution and dynamic range are now only limited by the size of the clones used. See the abstract by Pinkel et al. for more detail.We designed an imaging system for analyzing fluorescence signals from micro-arrays containing targets on the order of 100μm in diameter spaced at similar intervals.

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Sze, Jyh Rou, i An Chi Wei. "Development of a Computer Generation Holography for Generating Square Matrix Light Spots Applied to the Laser Patterning System". Key Engineering Materials 656-657 (lipiec 2015): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.656-657.509.

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A computer generation holography (CGH) is proposed herein to synthesize square-matrix light spots. Such a design of CGH is possible by reducing the 2-D problem to two 1-D problems. The both 1-D CGHs are designed with the conjugate-gradient method and verified with the Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theory. This quantized 8-levels CGH is fabricated by using optical contact lithography and reactive-ion etching techniques. Measurement demonstrates that the fabricated CGH has the desired optical function, i.e., it forms square-matrix light spots in the image plane at a distance of 40 mm from the CGH. The developed CGH can be applied to the laser patterning system by optical projection and direct etching.

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Zhang, Yixin, Mingkun Zhang, Kexuan Liu, Zehao He i Liangcai Cao. "Progress of the Computer-Generated Holography Based on Deep Learning". Applied Sciences 12, nr 17 (26.08.2022): 8568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178568.

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With the explosive developments of deep learning, learning–based computer–generated holography (CGH) has become an effective way to achieve real–time and high–quality holographic displays. Plentiful learning–based methods with various deep neural networks (DNNs) have been proposed. In this paper, we focus on the rapid progress of learning–based CGH in recent years. The generation principles and algorithms of CGH are introduced. The DNN structures frequently used in CGH are compared, including U–Net, ResNet, and GAN. We review the developments and discuss the outlook of the learning–based CGH.

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Dietzel, Matthias, Clemens Kaiser, Katja Pinker, Evelyn Wenkel, Matthias Hammon, Michael Uder, Barbara Bennani Baiti, Paola Clauser, Rüdiger Schulz-Wendtland i Pascal Baltzer. "Automated Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Breast MRI: Potential Imaging Biomarker for the Prediction of Tissue Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy". Breast Care 12, nr 4 (2017): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000480226.

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Background: We aimed to investigate an automated semi-quantitative software as an imaging biomarker for the prediction of tissue response (TR) after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Methods: Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (1.5T, protocol according to international recommendations) of 67 patients with biopsy-proven invasive breast cancer were examined before and after NAC. After completion of NAC, histopathologic assessments of TR were classified according to the Chevallier grading system (CG1/4: full/non-responder; CG2/C3: partial responder). A commercially available fully automatic software (CADstream) extracted MRI parameters of tumor extension (tumor diameter/volume: TD/TV). Pre- versus post-NAC values were compared (ΔTV and ΔTD). Additionally, the software performed volumetric analyses of vascularization (VAV) after NAC. Accuracy of MRI parameters to predict TR were identified (cross-tabs, ROC, AUC, Kruskal-Wallis). Results: There were 37 (34.3%) CG1, 7 (6.5%) CG2, 53 (49.1%) CG3, and 11 (10.2%) CG4 lesions. The software reached area under the curve levels of 79.5% (CG1/complete response: ΔTD), 68.6% (CG2, CG3/partial response: VAV), and 88.8% to predict TR (CG4/non-response: ΔTV). Conclusion: Semi-quantitative automated analysis of breast MRI data enabled the prediction of tissue response to NAC.

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Cui, Jian-Peng, Ning Zhang, Jie Liu, Di-Long Wu, Hua Xu, Ding-yao Yan i Ping Ma. "Testing the transmitted wavefront of large aperture long-focallength lens using a multizone computer-generated hologram". EPJ Web of Conferences 215 (2019): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921504004.

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A method for testing the transmitted wavefront of large aperture long-focal-length lens with a multizone computer-generated hologram (CGH) is proposed. The multizone CGH has 5 zones: one main zone for the null testing of long-focal-length lens and four auxiliary zones for the pre-alignment of measured lens. Both 1st order wavefront and 0th order wavefront of CGH are measured, and 0th order wavefront is used to calibrate the substrate error. To verify this test approach, a 450mm×450mm multizone CGH is designed and fabricated for testing the spatial filter lens. Experiments and error analysis are carried out. The results show that the desired precision can be reached with use of CGH.

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Tadros, Shereen, Deborah Morrogh i Richard H. Scott. "What is array CGH?" Archives of disease in childhood - Education & practice edition 98, nr 4 (30.05.2013): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2013-303962.

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Raap, Ton. "Editorial: Cytometry for CGH". Cytometry 19, nr 1 (1.01.1995): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.990190102.

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Kallioniemi, Anne. "CGH microarrays and cancer". Current Opinion in Biotechnology 19, nr 1 (luty 2008): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2007.11.004.

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Buffart, Tineke E., Marianne Tijssen, Thijs Krugers, Beatriz Carvalho, Serge J. Smeets, Ruud H. Brakenhoff, Heike Grabsch, Gerrit A. Meijer, Henry B. Sadowski i Bauke Ylstra. "DNA Quality Assessment for Array CGH by Isothermal Whole Genome Amplification". Analytical Cellular Pathology 29, nr 4 (1.01.2007): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/709290.

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Background: Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (array CGH) is increasingly applied on DNA obtained from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue, but in a proportion of cases this type of DNA is unsuitable. Due to the high experimental costs of array CGH and unreliable methods for DNA quality testing, better prediction methods are needed. The aim of this study was to accurately determine the quality of FFPE DNA input in order to predict quality of array CGH outcome. Material and Methods: DNA quality was assessed by isothermal amplification and compared to array CGH quality on 59 FFPE gastric cancer samples, one FFPE colorectal cancer sample, two FFPE normal uvula samples, one fresh frozen and six FFPE HNSCC samples. Gastric cancer DNA was also quality tested by β-globin PCR. Results: Accurate prediction of DNA quality using the isothermal amplification was observed in the colorectal carcinoma, HNSCC and uvula samples. In gastric cancer samples, the isothermal amplification was a more accurate method for selecting good quality DNA for array CGH compared to using PCR product lengths. The isothermal amplification product was used for array CGH and compared to the results achieved using non-amplified DNA in four of the samples. DNAs before and after amplification yielded the same segmentation patterns of chromosomal copy number changes for both the fresh DNA sample and the FFPE samples. Conclusion: The efficiency of isothermal DNA amplification is a reliable predictor for array CGH quality. The amplification product itself can be used for array CGH, even starting with FFPE derived DNA samples.

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Climent, J., J. L. Garcia, J. H. Mao, J. Arsuaga i J. Perez-Losada. "Characterization of breast cancer by array comparative genomic hybridizationThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled 28th International West Coast Chromatin and Chromosome Conference, and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 85, nr 4 (sierpień 2007): 497–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o07-072.

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Cancer progression is due to the accumulation of recurrent genomic alterations that induce growth advantage and clonal expansion. Most of these genomic changes can be detected using the array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) technique. The accurate classification of these genomic alterations is expected to have an important impact on translational and basic research. Here we review recent advances in CGH technology used in the characterization of different features of breast cancer. First, we present bioinformatics methods that have been developed for the analysis of CGH arrays; next, we discuss the use of array CGH technology to classify tumor stages and to identify and stratify subgroups of patients with different prognoses and clinical behaviors. We finish our review with a discussion of how CGH arrays are being used to identify oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and breast cancer susceptibility genes.

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Banihashemi, Layla, Meredith L. Wallace, Lei K. Sheu, Michael C. Lee, Peter J. Gianaros, Robert P. Mackenzie, Salvatore P. Insana, Anne Germain i Ryan J. Herringa. "Childhood maltreatment moderates the effect of combat exposure on cingulum structural integrity". Development and Psychopathology 29, nr 5 (22.11.2017): 1735–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417001365.

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AbstractLimbic white matter pathways link emotion, cognition, and behavior and are potentially malleable to the influences of traumatic events throughout development. However, the impact of interactions between childhood and later life trauma on limbic white matter pathways has yet to be examined. Here, we examined whether childhood maltreatment moderated the effect of combat exposure on diffusion tensor imaging measures within a sample of military veterans (N = 28). We examined five limbic tracts of interest: two components of the cingulum (cingulum, cingulate gyrus, and cingulum hippocampus [CGH]), the uncinate fasciculus, the fornix/stria terminalis, and the anterior limb of the internal capsule. Using effect sizes, clinically meaningful moderator effects were found only within the CGH. Greater combat exposure was associated with decreased CGH fractional anisotropy (overall structural integrity) and increased CGH radial diffusivity (perpendicular water diffusivity) among individuals with more severe childhood maltreatment. Our findings provide preliminary evidence of the moderating effect of childhood maltreatment on the relationship between combat exposure and CGH structural integrity. These differences in CGH structural integrity could have maladaptive implications for emotion and memory, as well as provide a potential mechanism by which childhood maltreatment induces vulnerability to later life trauma exposure.

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Nambi, Gopal, Mshari Alghadier, Elturabi Elsayed Ebrahim, Arul Vellaiyan, Jaya Shanker Tedla, Ravi Shankar Reddy, Venkata Nagaraj Kakaraparthi, Osama R. Aldhafian, Naif N. Alshahrani i Ayman K. Saleh. "Comparative Effects of Mulligan’s Mobilization, Spinal Manipulation, and Conventional Massage Therapy in Cervicogenic Headache—A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial". Healthcare 11, nr 1 (29.12.2022): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010107.

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Background: There is ample evidence supporting the use of manual therapy techniques for the treatment of cervicogenic headache (CGH). Objective: The objective of this study was to find and compare the effects of different manual therapy approaches to cervicogenic headache. Methods: A randomized, controlled study was conducted on 84 CGH participants at the university hospital. The participants were divided into a Mulligan mobilization therapy group (MMT; n = 28), a spinal manipulation therapy group (SMT; n = 28), and a control group (Control; n = 28); they received the respective treatments for four weeks. The primary outcome (CGH frequency) and secondary outcomes (CGH pain intensity, CGH disability, neck pain frequency, pain intensity, pain threshold, flexion rotation (right and left), neck disability index, and quality of life scores) were measured at baseline, after 4 weeks, after 8 weeks, and at a 6-month follow-up. The one-way ANOVA test and repeated measures analysis of variance (rANOVA) test were performed to find the difference between the inter- and intra-treatment group effects. Results: Four weeks following training, the MMT group showed a statistically significant difference in the primary (CGH frequency) and secondary (CGH pain intensity, CGH disability, neck pain frequency, neck pain intensity, flexion rotation test, neck disability index, and quality of life) scores than those of the SMT and control groups (p < 0.001). The same difference was seen in the above variables at 8 weeks and at the 6-month follow-up. At the same time, the neck pain threshold level did not show any difference at the 4-week and the 8-week follow-up (p ≥ 0.05) but showed statistical difference at the 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: The study concluded that Mulligan’s mobilization therapy provided better outcomes in cervicogenic headache than those of spinal manipulation therapy and conventional massage therapy.

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Halilović-Alihodžić, Mervisa. "Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) in molecular diagnostics". Bioengineering Studies 2, nr 2 (1.09.2021): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37868/bes.v2i2.id194.

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Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is a powerful molecular cytogenetic approach for identifying chromosomal abnormalities. CGH allows researchers to scan whole genomes for changes in DNA copy numbers. Starting in 2004, the array CGH became an irreplaceable method for the detection of gene mutations in people with congenital and developmental abnormalities, such as intellectual disability, dysmorphic characteristics, developmental delay, or several congenital deformities without an obvious syndrome pattern. This review focuses on the evolution of array CGH technology and its use in molecular diagnostics and its advantages over older cytogenetic tools. This review further highlights special arrays developed in the past decade which detect small intragenic copy number changes as well as large DNA segments for the region of heterozygosity.

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Greco, Ermanno, Sara Bono, Alessandra Ruberti, Anna Maria Lobascio, Pierfrancesco Greco, Anil Biricik, Letizia Spizzichino i in. "Comparative Genomic Hybridization Selection of Blastocysts for Repeated Implantation Failure Treatment: A Pilot Study". BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/457913.

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The aim of this study is to determine if the use of preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) by array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) and transfer of a single euploid blastocyst in patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF) can improve clinical results. Three patient groups are compared: 43 couples with RIF for whom embryos were selected by array CGH (group RIF-PGS), 33 couples with the same history for whom array CGH was not performed (group RIF NO PGS), and 45 good prognosis infertile couples with array CGH selected embryos (group NO RIF PGS). A single euploid blastocyst was transferred in groups RIF-PGS and NO RIF PGS. Array CGH was not performed in group RIF NO PGS in which 1-2 blastocysts were transferred. One monoembryonic sac with heartbeat was found in 28 patients of group RIF PGS and 31 patients of group NO RIF PGS showing similar clinical pregnancy and implantation rates (68.3% and 70.5%, resp.). In contrast, an embryonic sac with heartbeat was only detected in 7 (21.2%) patients of group RIF NO PGS. In conclusion, PGS by array CGH with single euploid blastocyst transfer appears to be a successful strategy for patients with multiple failed IVF attempts.

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Huang, Ya, Ri Hong Zhu, Jun Ma i Hua Shen. "Asphericity and Discrete Phase Calculation for Optical Freeform Surface Test with Computer Generated Holograms". Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (lipiec 2013): 1797–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.1797.

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Optical freeform surfaces are complex surfaces with non-rotational symmetry that break through the limitations of conventional optical element, and are widely used in advanced optics application for system configuration simplifying and performance enhancing. Interferometric test with computer generated holograms (CGH) has been widely used in the aspherical surfaces testing for their unique wavefront transformation, as well as the freeform surfaces testing with high precision. As an important parameter, it is different at the definition of asphericity in freeform surfaces manufacture and test. Asphericity for interferometric test which verifies the testing ability of the CGH and determines testing system initial configuration was calculated with minimum maximum angle deviation. Reverse ray tracing could get the optimal solution of CGH local phase at certain location in the CGH design. For the non-rotational symmetry of freeform surfaces, the phase of sample point in CGH surface should be calculated in three-dimensional coordinate system. The calculation method of discrete phase was deduced by ray tracing, as well as the phase distribution on freeform surface were proven by calculating in such way. The results were compared with simulation by optical design software. It shows that the method is right and high accuracy to be used in the CGH design for the freeform surfaces.

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Delpino, M. Victoria, María I. Marchesini, Silvia M. Estein, Diego J. Comerci, Juliana Cassataro, Carlos A. Fossati i Pablo C. Baldi. "A Bile Salt Hydrolase of Brucella abortus Contributes to the Establishment of a Successful Infection through the Oral Route in Mice". Infection and Immunity 75, nr 1 (6.11.2006): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00952-06.

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ABSTRACT Choloylglycine hydrolase (CGH), a bile salt hydrolase, has been annotated in all the available genomes of Brucella species. We obtained the Brucella CGH in recombinant form and demonstrated in vitro its capacity to cleave glycocholate into glycine and cholate. Brucella abortus 2308 (wild type) and its isogenic Δcgh deletion mutant exhibited similar growth rates in tryptic soy broth in the absence of bile. In contrast, the growth of the Δcgh mutant was notably impaired by both 5% and 10% bile. The bile resistance of the complemented mutant was similar to that of the wild-type strain. In mice infected through the intragastric or the intraperitoneal route, splenic infection was significantly lower at 10 and 20 days postinfection in animals infected with the Δcgh mutant than in those infected with the wild-type strain. For both routes, no differences in spleen CFU were found between animals infected with the wild-type strain and those infected with the complemented mutant. Mice immunized intragastrically with recombinant CGH mixed with cholera toxin (CGH+CT) developed a specific mucosal humoral (immunoglobulin G [IgG] and IgA) and cellular (interleukin-2) immune responses. Fifteen days after challenge by the same route with live B. abortus 2308 cells, splenic CFU counts were 10-fold lower in mice immunized with CGH+CT than in mice immunized with CT or phosphate-buffered saline. This study shows that CGH confers on Brucella the ability to resist the antimicrobial action of bile salts. The results also suggest that CGH may contribute to the ability of Brucella to infect the host through the oral route.

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Arámburo, Carlos, JoséLuis Montiel, Gerardo Perera, Sandra Navarrete i Rocío Sánchez. "Molecular isoforms of chicken growth hormone (cGH): Different bioactivities of cGH charge variants". General and Comparative Endocrinology 80, nr 1 (październik 1990): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-6480(90)90148-f.

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Frasca, Aline Coelho, Monica Ozores-Hampton, John Scott i Eugene McAvoy. "Effect of Plant Population and Breeding Lines on Fresh-market, Compact Growth Habit Tomatoes Growth, Flowering Pattern, Yield, and Postharvest Quality". HortScience 49, nr 12 (grudzień 2014): 1529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.49.12.1529.

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Compact growth habit (CGH) tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) are determinate plants with shortened internodes and strong side branching due to the brachytic gene (br) that grow either prostrate or upright as a result of unidentified gene(s). Compact growth habit tomatoes do not require staking, tying, or pruning and can potentially be mechanically harvested, lowering Florida fresh-market tomato production costs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two planting configurations (single and double row) and breeding lines (BLs) on CGH tomato plant growth, flowering pattern, yield, and postharvest fruit quality. Two experiments were conducted in Immokalee, FL, during Spring 2013 and 2014 in a split-plot design with four replications. Planting configurations affected CGH tomato growth at midseason in 2013 but not in 2014; however, in 2014, CGH tomato vines grew outside the beds into the row middles, which is uncommon for this tomato type and undesirable. Plants of CGH tomatoes had a similar flowering pattern to a conventional upright tomato cultivar, which was unexpected. Planting configurations did not affect marketable yields in 2013, but single-row plots produced higher extra-large and total marketable yields at first and total season harvests in 2014. Total season marketable harvests ranged from 26.1 to 53.6 and 29.3 to 45.6 Mg·ha−1 in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Fla 8916 was among the highest yielding BLs, maximizing extra-large and total season marketable yields. Unmarketable fruit ranged from 22% to 31% and 25% to 52% of the total season harvest in 2013 and 2014, respectively, and the most common defects were sunscald, off-shape, catface, and graywall. All CGH evaluated may be suitable for mature-green harvest regarding postharvest fruit quality, although fruit ripening uniformity was of concern in 2014. Average CGH total season marketable yields harvested twice were lower than expected yields of staked-upright tomato cultivars that may be harvested three times, but higher than Florida average yields. However, CGH tomato total production cost can potentially be lower than staked-upright cultivars making CGH tomatoes a viable alternative for the Florida mature-green fresh-market industry to remain sustainable.

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Crkvenac Gornik, Kristina, Ivana Tonkovic Durisevic, Anita Pokupec Bilic i Sanda Huljev Frkovic. "Interstitial 14q31.3-q32.13 deletion". Molecular and experimental biology in medicine 2, nr 1 (4.04.2019): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33602/mebm.2.1.9.

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Aim: With the exception of ring chromosome 14 or translocations, interstitial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 14 are very rare. All patients with these deletions share common phenotypic characteristics, primarily mild dysmorphia and developmental delay. Molecular karyotyping (array CGH) enabled the precise breakpoint determination and improved the analysis of genotype-phenotype correlations. Case presentation: In a 7-year-old girl, array CGH was performed due to developmental delay. The array CGH study showed 8.3Mb de novo interstitial deletion of the 14q31.3–q32.13 region. Conclusions: Comparison of our patient´s phenotype with previously reported chromosome 14q interstitial deletion cases confirmed the presence of common clinical features and highlights the utility of array CGH as a diagnostic tool in clarifying the developmental delay etiology.

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Zhao, Xue, Zhen-Zhen Qiao i Jin-Xin He. "Preparation of Chitosan Biguanidine Hydrochloride and Application in Antimicrobial Finish of Wool Fabric". Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 5, nr 3 (wrzesień 2010): 155892501000500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501000500303.

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Chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride (CGH) has been synthesized by the guanidinylation reaction of chitosan with dicyandiamide. Its synthetic mechanism was discussed. The structures of CGH were characterized by FT-IR and 13CNMR. In this study, we used citric acid (CA) as a crosslinking agent, mixed with CGH to perform a pad-dry-cure treatment on wool fabric to study its antimicrobial effects with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result showed that there was no obvious sign that CGH adhered to the wool fabric if the wool fabrics were not oxidized by hydrogen peroxide. The surface crosslinks of the oxidized wool fibers were relatively coarse, which beneficial for the antimicrobial and antiseptic effects of the wool fabrics. Key words: chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride; synthesis; wool; antimicrobial

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Bakhtadze, Maxim, Sergey Kanaev, Kirill Kuzminov i Dmitriy Bolotov. "Manual diagnostics of the segmental dysfunction of C1-C2 and C2-C3 segments in cervicogenic headache and migraine". Manual Therapy, nr 1 (3.05.2022): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54504/1684-6753-2022-1-3-13.

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One of the main etiological factors of cervicogenic headache (CGH) is a violation of the biomechanics of the cervical spine (CS), mainly in the joints of the three upper cervical vertebrae (C1, C2, C3). To identify motion restriction in patients with CGH, a so-called flexion–rotation test has been proposed, which makes it possible to assess the limitation of the mobility of the atlantoaxial joint (C1-C2), which occurs on the side of the headache. Also, this test has been proposed for the differential diagnosis of CGH and migraine. Since the sources of CGH can be both the C1-C2 and C2-C3 joints, we proposed an alternative test – the test for lateral side bending and rotation in the C1-C2 and C2-C3 joints. During this test, the occlusion of movements in the joints below the C1-C2 spinal motion segment is achieved not by bending the neck, but by side bending in the C2-C3 joint. We used this test for both CGH and migraine.

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Boag, Peter R., Arzu Atalay, Stacey Robida, Valerie Reinke i T. Keith Blackwell. "Protection of specific maternal messenger RNAs by the P body protein CGH-1 (Dhh1/RCK) during Caenorhabditis elegans oogenesis". Journal of Cell Biology 182, nr 3 (11.08.2008): 543–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200801183.

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During oogenesis, numerous messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are maintained in a translationally silenced state. In eukaryotic cells, various translation inhibition and mRNA degradation mechanisms congregate in cytoplasmic processing bodies (P bodies). The P body protein Dhh1 inhibits translation and promotes decapping-mediated mRNA decay together with Pat1 in yeast, and has been implicated in mRNA storage in metazoan oocytes. Here, we have investigated in Caenorhabditis elegans whether Dhh1 and Pat1 generally function together, and how they influence mRNA sequestration during oogenesis. We show that in somatic tissues, the Dhh1 orthologue (CGH-1) forms Pat1 (patr-1)-dependent P bodies that are involved in mRNA decapping. In contrast, during oogenesis, CGH-1 forms patr-1–independent mRNA storage bodies. CGH-1 then associates with translational regulators and a specific set of maternal mRNAs, and prevents those mRNAs from being degraded. Our results identify somatic and germ cell CGH-1 functions that are distinguished by the involvement of PATR-1, and reveal that during oogenesis, numerous translationally regulated mRNAs are specifically protected by a CGH-1–dependent mechanism.

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Arámburo, Carlos, Martha Carranza, Rocío Sanchez i Gerardo Perera. "Partial biochemical and biological characterization of purified chicken growth hormone (cGH). Isolation of cGH charge variants and evidence that cGH is phosphorylated". General and Comparative Endocrinology 76, nr 2 (listopad 1989): 330–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-6480(89)90165-2.

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Đinh, Thúy Linh, Hải Yến Hoàng, Thế Vương Phạm, Thị Minh Thu Trần, Đức Nghĩa Nguyễn, Tài Đức Nguyễn i Duy Ánh Nguyễn. "Ứng dụng kỹ thuật array CGH trong chẩn đoán trước sinh một số bất thường nhiễm sắc thể tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Hà Nội". Tạp chí Phụ sản 20, nr 3 (7.10.2022): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46755/vjog.2022.3.1429.

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Trong chẩn đoán trước sinh các bất thường nhiễm sắc thể (NST), kỹ thuật nuôi cấy tế bào ối hiện vẫn là tiêu chuẩn vàng. Tuy nhiên, chỉ phát hiện được các bất thường với kích thước > 5 Mb (trên 5 triệu cặp Base). Kỹ thuật array CGH (Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization) có khả năng đánh giá trên toàn bộ 24 NST giúp phát hiện các bất thường mất cân bằng của NST bao gồm các trường hợp lệch bội, mất hoặc nhân đoạn của NST. Hơn nữa, kỹ thuật array CGH cho phép phát hiện các bất thường của NST ngay cả khi không có định hướng trong chẩn đoán. Mục tiêu: Xác định tỷ lệ bất thường một số nhiễm sắc thể qua kỹ thuật array CGH tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Hà Nội. Đối tượng, phương pháp nghiên cứu: 306 thai phụ có tuổi thai 17 - 28 tuần có chỉ định chọc hút nước ối tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Hà Nội từ 10/2020 - 09/2021, mẫu nước ối được thực hiện đồng thời 2 kỹ thuật: array CGH và nuôi cấy tế bào ối. Kết quả: Kỹ thuật karyotype phát hiện được 35/306 (11,4%) bất thường nhiễm sắc thể, trong khi đó array CGH phát hiện được 51/306 (16,7%). Array CGH phát hiện 25 trường hợp bất thường lệch bội, tương đương karyotype. Với các bất thường mất đoạn/nhân đoạn lớn, kỹ thuật array phát hiện được 9 trường hợp, trong khi đó karyotype phát hiện được 8 trường hợp; với các mất đoạn/nhân đoạn nhỏ, array CGH phát hiện được 16 trường hợp trong khi karyotype chỉ phát hiện được 1 trường hợp. Kết luận: Array CGH là xét nghiệm có độ chính xác cao, phát hiện được các trường hợp bất thường cấu trúc nhiễm sắc thể ở mức độ mất đoạn/nhân đoạn nhỏ mà kỹ thuật karyotype không phát hiện được.

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Palanisamy, Nallasivam, Yasuo Imanishi, Pulivarthi H. Rao, Hideki Tahara, R. S. K. Chaganti i Andrew Arnold. "Novel Chromosomal Abnormalities Identified by Comparative Genomic Hybridization in Parathyroid Adenomas1". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 83, nr 5 (1.05.1998): 1766–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.5.4806.

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The molecular basis of parathyroid adenomatosis includes defects in the cyclin D1/PRAD1 and MEN1 genes but is, in large part, unknown. To identify new locations of parathyroid oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, and to further establish the importance of DNA losses described by molecular allelotyping, we performed comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) on a panel of 53 typical sporadic (nonfamilial) parathyroid adenomas. CGH is a new molecular cytogenetic technique in which the entire tumor genome is screened for chromosomal gains and/or losses. Two abnormalities, not previously described, were found recurrently: gain of chromosome 16p (6 of 53 tumors, or 11%) and gain of chromosome 19p (5 of 53, or 9%). Losses were found frequently on 11p (14 of 53, or 26%), as well as 11q (18 of 53, or 34%). Recurrent losses were also seen on chromosomes 1p, 1q, 6q, 9p, 9q, 13q, and 15q, with frequencies ranging from 8–19%. Twenty-four of the 53 adenomas were also extensively analyzed with polymorphic microsatellite markers for allelic losses, either in this study (11 cases) or previously (13 cases). Molecular allelotyping results were highly concordant with CGH results in these tumors (concordance level of 97.5% for all informative markers/chromosome arms examined). In conclusion, CGH has identified the first two known chromosomal gain defects in parathyroid adenomas, suggesting the existence of direct-acting parathyroid oncogenes on chromosomes 16 and 19. CGH has confirmed the locations of putative parathyroid tumor suppressor genes, also defined by molecular allelotyping, on chromosomes 1p, 6q, 9p, 11q, 13q, and 15q. Finally, CGH has provided new evidence favoring the possibility that distinct parathyroid tumor suppressors exist on 1p and 1q, and has raised the possibility of a parathyroid tumor suppressor gene on 11p, distinct from the MEN1 gene on 11q. CGH can identify recurrent genetic abnormalities in hyperparathyroidism, especially chromosomal gains, that other methods do not detect.

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Tsukasaki, Kunihiro, Johannes Krebs, Kazuhiro Nagai, Masao Tomonaga, H. Phillip Koeffler, Claus R. Bartram i Anna Jauch. "Comparative genomic hybridization analysis in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: correlation with clinical course". Blood 97, nr 12 (15.06.2001): 3875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v97.12.3875.

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Sixty-four patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL; 18 patients with indolent subtype and 46 with aggressive subtype) associated with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) were analyzed using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The most frequent observations were gains at chromosomes 14q, 7q, and 3p and losses at chromosomes 6q and 13q. Chromosome imbalances, losses, and gains were more frequently observed in aggressive ATL than in indolent ATL, with significant differences between the 2 ATL subtypes at gains of 1q and 4q. An increased number of chromosomal imbalances was associated with a significantly shorter survival in all patients. A high number of chromosomal losses was associated with a poor prognosis in indolent ATL, whereas the presence of 7q+ was marginally associated with a good prognosis in aggressive ATL. Paired samples (ie, samples obtained at different sites from 4 patients) and sequential samples from 13 patients (from 6 during both chronic disease and acute crisis and from 7 during both acute onset and relapse) were examined by CGH and Southern blotting for HTLV-1. All but 2 paired samples showed differences on CGH assessment. Two chronic/crisis samples showed distinct results regarding both CGH and HTLV-1 integration sites, indicating clonal changes in ATL at crisis. In 11 patients, the finding of identical HTLV-1 sites and clonally related CGH results suggested a common origin of sequential samples. In contrast to chronic/crisis samples, CGH results with all acute/relapse sample pairs showed the presence of clonally related but not evolutional subclones at relapse, thereby suggesting marked chromosomal instability. In summary, clonal diversity is common during progression of ATL, and CGH alterations are associated with clinical course.

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Heiskanen, Mervi, Juha Kononen, Maarit Bärlund, Joachim Torhorst, Guido Sauter, Anne Kallioniemi i Olli Kallioniemi. "CGH, cDNA and Tissue Microarray Analyses ImplicateFGFR2Amplification in a Small Subset of Breast Tumors". Analytical Cellular Pathology 22, nr 4 (2001): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/981218.

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Multiple regions of the genome are often amplified during breast cancer development and progression, as evidenced in a number of published studies by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). However, only relatively few target genes for such amplifications have been identified. Here, we indicate how small‐scale commercially available cDNA and CGH microarray formats combined with the tissue microarray technology enable rapid identification of putative amplification target genes as well as analysis of their clinical significance. According to CGH, the SUM‐52 breast cancer cell line harbors several high‐level DNA amplification sites, including the 10q26 chromosomal region where the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene has been localized. High level amplification ofFGFR2in SUM‐52 was identified using CGH analysis on a microarray of BAC clones. A cDNA microarray survey of 588 genes showed >40‐fold overexpression ofFGFR2. Finally, a tissue microarray based FISH analysis of 750 uncultured primary breast cancers demonstratedin vivoamplification of theFGFR2gene in about 1% of the tumors. In conclusion, three consecutive microarray (CGH, cDNA and tissue) experiments revealed high‐level amplification and overexpression of theFGFR2in a breast cancer cell line, but only a low frequency of involvement in primary breast tumors. Applied to a genomic scale with larger arrays, this strategy should facilitate identification of the most important target genes for cytogenetic rearrangements, such as DNA amplification sites detected by conventional CGH. Figures onhttp://www.esacp.org/acp/2001/22‐4/heiskanen.htm

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Aakra, Ågot, O. Ludvig Nyquist, Lars Snipen, Turid S. Reiersen i Ingolf F. Nes. "Survey of Genomic Diversity among Enterococcus faecalis Strains by Microarray-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, nr 7 (12.01.2007): 2207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01599-06.

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ABSTRACT We have compared nine Enterococcus faecalis strains with E. faecalis V583 by comparative genomic hybridization using microarrays (CGH). The strains used in this study (the “test” strains) originated from various environments. CGH is a powerful and promising tool for obtaining novel information on genome diversity in bacteria. By CGH, one obtains clues about which genes are present or divergent in the strains, compared to a reference strain (here, V583). The information obtained by CGH is important from both ecological and systematic points of view. CGH of E. faecalis showed considerable diversity in gene content: Compared to V583, the percentage of divergent genes in the test strains varied from 15% to 23%, and 154 genes were divergent in all strains. The main variation was found in regions corresponding to exogenously acquired or mobile DNA in V583. Antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors, and integrated plasmid genes dominated among the divergent genes. The strains examined showed various contents of genes corresponding to the pTEF1, pTEF2, and pTEF3 genes in V583. The extensive transport and metabolic capabilities of V583 appeared similar in the test strains; CGH indicated that the ability to transport and metabolize various carbohydrates was similar in the test strains (verified by API 50 CH assays). The contents of genes related to stress tolerance appeared similar in V583 and the nine test strains, supporting the view of E. faecalis as an organism able to resist harsh conditions.

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Navarro, Rosa E., Eun Yong Shim, Yuji Kohara, Andrew Singson i T. Keith Blackwell. "cgh-1, a conserved predicted RNA helicase required for gametogenesis and protection from physiological germline apoptosis inC. elegans". Development 128, nr 17 (1.09.2001): 3221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.17.3221.

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A high frequency of apoptosis is a conserved hallmark of oocyte development. In C. elegans, about half of all developing oocytes are normally killed by a physiological germline-specific apoptosis pathway, apparently so that they donate cytoplasm to the survivors. We have investigated the functions of CGH-1, the C. elegans ortholog of the predicted RNA helicase ste13/ME31B/RCK/p54, which is germline-associated in metazoans and required for sexual reproduction in yeast. We show that CGH-1 is expressed specifically in the germline and early embryo, and is localized to P granules and other possible mRNA-protein particles. cgh-1 is required for oocyte and sperm function. It is also needed to prevent the physiological germline apoptosis mechanism killing essentially all developing oocytes, making lack of cgh-1 function the first stimulus identified that can trigger this mechanism. We conclude that cgh-1 and its orthologs may perform conserved functions during gametogenesis, that in C. elegans certain aspects of oocyte development are monitored by the physiological germline apoptosis pathway, and that similar surveillance mechanisms may contribute to germline apoptosis in other species.

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Zhang, Zhi Yu, Xu Yang i Li Gong Zheng. "Fabrication of Computer Generated Hologram for Aspheric Surface Measurement". Advanced Materials Research 1136 (styczeń 2016): 620–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1136.620.

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High-precision aspheric surfaces are generally measured using interferometer with a computer-generated holograms (CGH), which has a wavy line pattern fabricated onto a glass substrate. CGH patterns are generally made using lithographic techniques that was developed for semiconductor industry. Patterns can be subsequently etched into glass substrate using reactive ion or chemical etching. The accuracy of the drawn pattern on a CGH decides the accuracy of the measurement. Draw pattern error mainly includes the line-width deviation and its position error. In this paper, the influences of defocus of drawing laser and the wet-etching processes on the line-width were firstly investigated. On the other hand, the position error under different line-width was obtained by analyzing the relationship of line-width error and the position error. Based on the above-obtained results, a CGH having a diameter of 80 mm and the minimum line-width of 1.8 μm was successfully fabricated. Testing results showed that the wavefront error was only 3.79 nm, significantly higher than the commercial-available ones. The fabricated CGH is expected to use in the high-precision measurement of asphercal surfaces.

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Tang, Weili, i Yoshinao Aoki. "CGH Watermarking by Character Coding." Journal of the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 54, nr 10 (2000): 1452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej.54.1452.

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Stein, Richard A. "Diving Deep with Array CGH". Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News 33, nr 14 (sierpień 2013): 1, 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gen.33.14.11.

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Gianaroli, L., M. C. Magli, A. P. Ferraretti, L. Muzii, A. M. Crivello i I. Stanghellini. "C28 PGD for aneuploidy: CGH". Reproductive BioMedicine Online 20 (maj 2010): S8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1472-6483(10)62282-1.

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Rickman, L., H. Fiegler, N. P. Carter i M. Bobrow. "Prenatal Diagnosis by Array-CGH". European Journal of Medical Genetics 48, nr 3 (lipiec 2005): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2005.03.003.

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Wilcox, C. Mel. "CGH Receives High Impact Factor". Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 7, nr 1 (styczeń 2009): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2008.11.009.

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Zee, B. C., J. Lee, N. Wong, W. Yeo, P. Lai, L. Chan, P. Hui i in. "Wavelet-based prognostic model with comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) data in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)". Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, nr 18_suppl (20.06.2006): 20026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.20026.

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20026 Background: In order to obtain a good prognostic model for HCC, clinical data alone may not be adequate. DNA microarray technology has enabled quantification of thousands of genes in a single assay but it has the inborn drawback of high background noise. In order to deal with the problem of information overflow, we developed multivariate dependencies approach using CGH to guide the initial modeling process. This approach takes into account the multivariate nature and potential interaction among the genes during the prognostic modeling process. Methods: The study includes 165 patients with CGH data containing 858 regions/bands. The clinical outcome is survival at 1.72 years. Potential prognostic factors include CGH regions, albumin, ALT, bilirubin, AFP, ascites, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tumor size, and encephalopathy. We used a blocked wavelet-shrinkage principal component analysis (BWSPCA) to reduce the dimension of CGH data with respect to clinical outcome and followed by logistic regression. We compared the BWSPCA with PCA alone, supervised PCA (Bair et al. 2004), and supervised BWSPCA. Results: Among the 165 patients, 133 (80%) were male, average age of 54.8 years, 78 (47%) stage I-II and 75 (45%) ECOG 0–2. PCA alone and supervised PCA models failed to identify significant CGH regions. BWSPCA model includes tumor size (p = 0.005), albumin (p = 0.047), ALP (p = 0.025), Chr.6q25.1 (p = 0.031), Chr.12q24.32 (p = 0.012), Chr.Xq28 (p = 0.035). Supervised BWSPCA approach includes tumor size (p = 0.016), ALP (p = 0.002), Chr.12q24.11 (p = 0.047). The area under the receiver operating curve (ROC) for the BWSPCA model was 0.78 with a sensitivity and specificity about 0.8 and 0.6 respectively. Conclusions: PCA alone is not effective in identifying CGH regions as prognostic factors. Supervised learning approach did not improve the results. The BWSPCA method identified a number of significant CGH regions associated with survival outcome for HCC patients. These results would be verified in future study. This method will be extended and applied to develop prognostic models using both CGH and DNA microarray data. Acknowledgement: This study is funded by the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong #CUHK4469/03M. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Yang, Shi Yuan, Toshinori Hora i Serikawa Seiichi. "Time-Divided Computer-Generated Holograms for the Construction of Spatial Continuous Laser Light Distribution". Applied Mechanics and Materials 103 (wrzesień 2011): 679–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.103.679.

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Science of dealing with the prevention and treatment of disease is important for the maintenance of health in human social life. Laser technology plays an important part in various fields of medical science. In general, a spot laser light is used in laser therapy because of the limitation of laser output. Therefore, the operator has to move the spot position by hand when the treatment area is larger then the laser light spot. We propose a method to convert a laser light to match the target treatment surface using time-divided computer-generated hologram (CGH). In order to get a high laser light efficiency, we consider the phase-only type CGH. We use discrete reconstruction CGH to overcome the speckle problem in the generation CGH. A spatial continuous laser light distribution can be obtained by superimposing the discrete reconstruction from several time-divided CGHs.

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Finn, Stephen, Paul Smyth, Esther O'Regan, Suzanne Cahill, Mary Toner, Conrad Timon, Richard Flavin, John O'Leary i Orla Sheils. "Low-Level Genomic Instability Is a Feature of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: An Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization Study of Laser Capture Microdissected Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Tumors and Clonal Cell Lines". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 131, nr 1 (1.01.2007): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2007-131-65-lgiiaf.

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Abstract Context.—Previous chromosomal comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) studies of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) have demonstrated a low prevalence of aberrations, with the majority of tumors showing no evidence of chromosomal instability. The technique of CGH can be optimized, however, using array CGH and laser capture microdissection to ensure pure cell populations for analysis. Objective.—To assess PTC using array CGH applied to laser capture microdissected tumor cells and pure cell cultures. Design.—Well-characterized PTC (known ret/PTC and BRAF mutation status), including samples from 5 tumors with classic morphology, 3 follicular variant tumors, and 3 clonal PTC cell lines, were analyzed. Results.—Copy gain and loss occurred in all of the tumor cases and cell lines examined. The most common recurrent aberrations involved gains on chromosomes 1, 5, 7, 11, 15, 17, and 22, with recurrent deletions occurring on chromosomes 4, 18, and 19. Analysis of the data from the 8 tumor samples showed that amplifications of TP73 (1p36.33), SNRPN (15q12), and PDGFB (22q13.1) occurred exclusively in tumors with a wild type BRAF. Conclusions.—This study shows a higher prevalence of aberrations detected using array CGH allied to laser capture microdissection than previously described in the literature, and it appears that the combination of laser capture microdissection and arrayed clones optimizes studies utilizing CGH. Copy gain of PDGFB occurs in a subset of tumors showing no evidence of mutated BRAF or rearranged ret, suggesting that copy gain of PDGFB may underlie the increased expression of platelet-derived growth factor described recently in the literature.

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Bentz, M., K. Huck, S. du Manoir, S. Joos, CA Werner, K. Fischer, H. Dohner i P. Lichter. "Comparative genomic hybridization in chronic B-cell leukemias shows a high incidence of chromosomal gains and losses". Blood 85, nr 12 (15.06.1995): 3610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v85.12.3610.bloodjournal85123610.

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In chronic B-cell leukemias, fluorescence in situ hybridization has greatly improved the ability to detect certain chromosomal aberrations, as cells in all phases of the cell cycle are analyzed. To obtain a comprehensive view of chromosomal gains and losses, we applied the recently developed technique of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to 28 patients with chronic B-cell leukemias. CGH results were compared with those obtained by chromosome banding analysis and interphase cytogenetics. In 19 of the 28 cases, chromosomal imbalances were detected, including amplified DNA sequences in three instances. The most common aberrations included gains of chromosomal material on 8q and 12 as well as losses of 6q, 11q, 13q, and 17p. In 13 cases, CGH revealed chromosomal gains and losses not detected by banding analysis. In 8 of these 13 cases, discrepancies were further investigated using other methods, and in all instances, the CGH findings were confirmed. A limitation of detecting small deleted regions by CGH was found in one example of 18p. In conclusion, our data show that the results of banding analysis in chronic B-cell leukemias often do not reflect the chromosomal changes in the predominant cell clone. This may be one explanation for the as yet poor correlation between cytogenetic findings and clinical course in this group of neoplasms.

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Deng, Xianyue, Chin-I. Tang, Chuan Luo i Yuzuru Takashima. "Diffraction Efficiency of MEMS Phase Light Modulator, TI-PLM, for Quasi-Continuous and Multi-Point Beam Steering". Micromachines 13, nr 6 (18.06.2022): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13060966.

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The recent development of the Micro Electromechanical System (MEMS) Phase Light Modulator (PLM) enables fast laser beam steering for lidar applications by displaying a Computer-Generated Hologram (CGH) without employing an iterative CGH calculation algorithm. We discuss the application of MEMS PLM (Texas Instruments PLM) for quasi-continuous laser beam steering by deterministically calculated CGHs. The effect on the diffraction efficiency of PLM non-equally spaced phase levels was quantified. We also address the CGH calculation algorithm and an experimental demonstration that steered and scanned the beam into multiple regions of interest points, enabling beam steering for lidar without sequential raster scanning.

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Vermeesch, Joris R., Cindy Melotte, Guy Froyen, Steven Van Vooren, Binita Dutta, Nicole Maas, Stefan Vermeulen i in. "Molecular Karyotyping: Array CGH Quality Criteria for Constitutional Genetic Diagnosis". Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 53, nr 3 (marzec 2005): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/jhc.4a6436.2005.

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Array CGH (comparative genomic hybridization) enables the identification of chromosomal copy number changes. The availability of clone sets covering the human genome opens the possibility for the widespread use of array CGH for both research and diagnostic purposes. In this manuscript we report on the parameters that were critical for successful implementation of the technology, assess quality criteria, and discuss the potential benefits and pitfalls of the technology for improved pre- and postnatal constitutional genetic diagnosis. We propose to name the genome-wide array CGH “molecular karyotyping,” in analogy with conventional karyotyping that uses staining methods to visualize chromosomes.

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Larsen, Jacob, Anne Marie Ottesen, Maria Kirchhoff, Claes Lundsteen i Jørgen K. Larsen. "High Resolution Comparative Genomic Hybridization Detects 7–8 Megabasepair Deletion in PCR Amplified DNA1". Analytical Cellular Pathology 23, nr 2 (2001): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/301570.

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We investigated if any change in spatial resolution of comparative genomic hybridization analysis could be detected when using DNA amplified by degenerate oligonucleotide primed PCR (DOP‐PCR) as opposed to the use of unamplified DNA. Five DNA samples from B‐cell leukemias with small 11q deletions were amplified by DOP‐PCR and analysed by means of high resolution comparative genomic hybridization (HR‐CGH) for the evaluation of aberration size detection limit. By means of HR‐CGH, we found the detection limit of DOP‐PCR CGH for deletions to be between 3 Mbp and 7–8 Mbp.

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49

Saldarriaga-Gil, Wilmar. "De la observación microscópica de los cromosomas en el cariotipo a los array-CGH en el diagnóstico prenatal". Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología 64, nr 3 (30.09.2013): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18597/rcog.108.

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Introducción: el cariotipo ha sido la prueba de oro para el análisis cromosómico en el diagnóstico prenatal en los últimos cuarenta años; sin embargo, a partir del 2011 se publican múltiples artículos y los primeros meta-análisis que muestran posibles ventajas de los array-CGH (del inglés array-comparative genomic hibridization) sobre el cariotipo en el diagnóstico prenatal.Objetivo: hacer una reflexión acerca del uso de array-CGH en el diagnóstico prenatal y mostrar algunas de las potenciales ventajas y desventajas de esta prueba molecular con relación al cariotipo, así como su aplicación por obstetras, perinatólogos y especialistas en medicina materno-fetal.Conclusión: los a-CGH son una nueva alternativa en el análisis cromosómico en el diagnóstico prenatal en fetos con anomalías anatómicas; pueden usarse en todos los casos en que se justifique una intervención invasiva en el diagnóstico prenatal de alteraciones cromosómicas, y es probable que los array-CGH reemplacen al cariotipo en el diagnóstico prenatal en esta década.

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Shimansky, Ruslan V., Dmitrij A. Belousov, Victor P. Korolkov i Roman I. Kuts. "Diffractive Sensor Elements for Registration of Long-Term Instability at Writing of Computer-Generated Holograms". Sensors 21, nr 19 (6.10.2021): 6635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21196635.

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The research and development of methods using of the specialized diffractive microstructure sensors embedded in the pattern of computer-generated holograms (CGH) manufactured on circular and X-Y laser writing systems is discussed. These microstructures consist of two parts: one of which is written before the CGH in the field of future hologram and the second one is written during the long-term writing of the CGH. The shift between the first and second part of the microstructure is the trace of the writing errors and allows one to determine and calculate the error of CGH fabrication along both orthogonal coordinates. The developed method is based on the principle of diffraction-based overlay with 1D and 2D built-in diffractive microstructure-sensors. Mathematical modeling and results of experimental test writings of such diffractive microstructure sensors are described. The efficiency of using these types of build-in sensors for the writing errors estimation for CGHs is demonstrated.

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