Artykuły w czasopismach: „Cerium chloride”

1

Sun, Wei, Biao-Chun Zhao, Ya-Xi Huang i Jin-Xiao Mi. "Cerium(III) dihydroxidohexaoxidotetraborate chloride". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 68, nr 2 (31.01.2012): i17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536812002875.

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Legonkova, O. A., A. I. Korotaeva, O. V. Paklina, S. A. Ukhin, P. V. Sarygin i I. O. Tinkova. "Effect of Cerium Compounds on Post-Burn Scar Studied in vivo by Transmission Electron Microscopy". Biotekhnologiya 36, nr 4 (2020): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21519/0234-2758-2020-36-4-99-105.

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The effect of nanosized cerium dioxide and a solution of cerium (III) chloride on the state of a post-burn scar was studied in an in vivo experiment via transmission electron microscopy. The intracellular accumulation of cerium compounds with their agglomeration with cytoplasmic and/ or lysosomal localization was observed after 4 injections of nanodispersed cerium dioxide or cerium (III) chloride solution at concentrations of 0.5% and 0.05% in the formed scar area. The application of the cerium preparations both in nanodisperse form (sol) and in solution did not cause inflammatory reactions or cell destruction and had a positive effect on a regenerative process; it contributed to the full-fledged tissue regeneration in a shorter time and changed the scar characteristics for the better. sol, nanodispersed cerium dioxide, cerium (III) chloride solution, electron microscopy, post-burn scar, functional activity of cells

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3

Harchegani, R. K., i A. R. Riahi. "Effect of Cerium Chloride on the Self-Corrosion and Discharge Activity of Aluminum Anode in Alkaline Aluminum-air Batteries". Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, nr 3 (1.03.2022): 030542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac5c06.

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One of the key impediments to aluminum (Al) as an anode in alkaline Al-air batteries is self-corrosion, which limits the battery’s efficiency due to the capacity loss and lifespan reduction. Thus, it is vital to find an efficient electrolyte additive that reduces self-corrosion in Al anodes. In this study, the effect of adding 0.5 to 1.5 wt% of cerium chloride to 4 mol l−1 KOH electrolyte on the self-corrosion of pure Al anode was investigated using electrochemical experiments. The results show that the addition of cerium chloride to the electrolyte reduces self-corrosion of the Al anode with a negligible effect on the anode activity. Cerium chloride forms cerium hydroxide (Ce (OH)3) in the alkaline electrolyte, which is adsorbed on the Al surface. Therefore, the corrosion potential increased, and self-corrosion current density decreased. As the cerium chloride concentration increased, the Al anode efficiency increased from 43.8% to 76.1%, and the capacity density increased from 1294 to 2244 mAh g−1. Furthermore, increasing the immersion time of the Al anode in the electrolyte containing cerium chloride increased the self-corrosion resistance and provided the self-healing properties for the anode.

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Liao, Xin, Ruijie Huang, Dachuan Zhu i Qun Yan. "Influence of Benzotriazole and Cerium Chloride on Anticorrosion Performance of Cu-0.25Se-0.25Te Alloy in 3.5 wt% NaCl Solution". Corrosion 76, nr 6 (11.03.2020): 570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3431.

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The effect of the addition of benzotriazole (BTA) or cerium chloride separately and in combination on the anticorrosion performance of Cu-Se-Te alloy in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution has been investigated. The results show that the addition of either BTA or cerium chloride significantly reduces the corrosion rate of Cu-0.25Se-0.25Te, but BTA exhibits a better inhibition effect. Meanwhile, scanning electron microscope analysis displays that the separate addition of BTA or cerium chloride makes the depth of corrosion pit of the sample decrease and the corroded surface smooth. With the combination of BTA and cerium chloride rising, the surface of the sample becomes much flatter and no obvious corrosion pit is found. Energy dispersive spectrum and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses suggest that when BTA and cerium chloride are added together, CeO2, Ce(OH)3, or complex formed by Ce and BTA might deposit on the surface of copper alloy, which induces the passivation film on the surface of the alloy to become denser and enhances the binding strength of the interface between the surface film and the matrix, thus improving the corrosion inhibition performance of the complex system.

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Lambert, C. E., E. G. Barnum i R. Shapiro. "Acute Toxicological Evaluation of Cerium Chloride". Journal of the American College of Toxicology 12, nr 6 (listopad 1993): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915819309142041.

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Lambert, C. E., E. C. Barnum i R. Shapiro. "Acute Toxicological Evaluation of Cerium Chloride". Journal of the American College of Toxicology 12, nr 6 (listopad 1993): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109158189301200635.

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Babu, Ravula Satheesh. "Cerium(III) Chloride Heptahydrate: CeCl3·7H2O". Synlett 2002, nr 11 (2002): 1935–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-34882.

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Kassem, Amany T., i Mahmoud M. S. Ali. "Effect of Hyamine-1622 Cationic Surfactant on Pertraction of Cerium (IV) Cations Through Emulsion Liquid Membranes". Journal of New Developments in Chemistry 3, nr 3 (3.03.2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2377-2549.jndc-21-3738.

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The present study aims to shed light directly towards the extraction of (IV) cerium ions using "liquid surfactant membrane" technology, "LSM" developed in the presence of synergistic cationic and nonionic materials. The effect of various factors such as Ce (IV) transport, synergistic surfactants, curing ratio, stir speed, temperature, and mixing time between the carrier and the cerium ion on the extraction rate was studied by LSM taking into account surfactant agents. The positive effect of benzethonium chloride "Hy-1622" on the extraction of cerium ion was demonstrated by LSMs technique. Experiments confirmed the efficiency of Hy-1622 chloride synergistically with Span 80/85 to extract cerium ions with LSMs technology for emulsions in the oil phase is critical as it determines the stability, viscosity and mass transfer resistance of the resulting emulsion. Besides, Hy-1622 chloride was found as a new cationic surfactant that appeared in FTIR characterization and surfactant was found to speed up the permeability process and accelerate the extraction rate due to electrostatic interaction with the carrier.

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Dmitruk, L., N. Vinogradova, V. Kozlov, V. Machov, E. Devitsin i V. Fyodorov. "Scintillating HfF4-based glasses doped cerium chloride and cerium oxide compounds". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 213-214 (maj 1997): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(97)00042-2.

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Lakhwani, S., i M. N. Rahaman. "Hydrothermal Coarsening of CeO2 Particles". Journal of Materials Research 14, nr 4 (kwiecień 1999): 1455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0196.

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The effects of reaction temperature (150–300 °C), chemical composition of the starting cerium salt (cerium nitrate and cerium chloride), and doping with trivalent cations (Sc3+ and Y3+) on the coarsening of CeO2 particles in dilute suspensions under hydrothermal conditions were investigated. The particle size was measured by x-ray line broadening and by transmission electron microscopy. The particle coarsening kinetics followed a parabolic law, indicating that the interfacial reaction (dissolution) was the rate-controlling step. Furthermore, the particle size distribution data can be well-described by the Lifshitz–Slyozov–Wagner theory of Ostwald ripening controlled by the interfacial reaction. Doping with 6 at.% Y3+ produced a significant reduction in the coarsening rate but almost no change in the activation energy. At the same concentration, Sc3+ was more effective than Y3+ in reducing the coarsening rate. Particles synthesized from a starting solution of cerium(III) chloride coarsened at a markedly slower rate than that for particles synthesized from cerium(III) nitrate. The mechanisms controlling the coarsening of the particles are discussed.

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11

Mi, Hanwen. "ANOVA of Cerium Chloride on Morphology and Metamorphosis Development in Tadpoles of C. melanogaster". European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 3, nr 5 (23.10.2022): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.5.421.

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In this experiment, the effects of 0.004 mg·L-1, 0.02 mg·L-1, 0.1 mg·L-1, and 0.5 mg·L-1 cerium chloride solutions on the growth and metamorphosis development of the tadpoles of the black spotted frog were investigated. The experimental results showed that cerium chloride solution at 0.5 mg·L-1significantly reduced the survival rate of tadpoles, which was 6.67% at 168h (7d) in the 0.5 mg·L-1 treatment compared with 93.3% in the blank control (lake water). The growth condition (body weight) at 168h (7d) (0.56 g) was different from that of the blank control (lake water) tadpoles (The growth (mass) of tadpoles at 0.5 mg·L-1 slowed down significantly in early development compared to the blank control (lake water) tadpoles (0.67g ± 0.05g); at the same time, we noticed that the tadpoles at 0.5 mg·L-1 concentration were in a dormant state of growth, and the mass was not significantly different compared to the beginning of the experiment. The metamorphosis time of tadpoles in the high concentration of cerium chloride salt solution (31 ± 5 days) was greater than that of the blank control tadpoles (26 ± 3 days). Tadpoles at concentrations of 0.02 mg·L-1, 0.1 mg·L-1, and 0.5 mg·L-1 were significantly heavier than the blank control tadpoles at metamorphosis. The results of this experiment indicated that moderate concentration levels of cerium chloride (0.004 mg·L-1, 0.02 mg·L-1) could significantly accelerate the growth and promote the metamorphosis development of the tadpoles of C. melanogaster.

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12

Yuan, Wen Jie, Bi Hui Kuang, Qing You Zhu, Cheng Ji Deng i Hong Xi Zhu. "Effects of Rare Earth Chlorides on Properties of Al₂O₃-MgO Castables". Materials Science Forum 848 (marzec 2016): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.848.283.

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For the urgent requirements of high performance castables in iron and steel making industry, effects of rare earth chlorides on properties of Al2O3-MgO castables were addressed. The prepared castables were compared in terms of phase compositions, apparent porosity, bulk density, permanent linear change and strength. It was demonstrated that cerium chloride and yttrium chloride exhibited a positive influence on in-situ reactions and volumetric stability of castables. The cation inversion degree of spinel and solid-soluted content of spinel and CaAl12O19 (CA6) were both dependent on the temperature and addition. Cold modulus of rupture for castbles with rare earth chlorides additions calcined at 1450°C was similar to that for referenced castables though the former ones were relatively less at 1250 and 1350°C.

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Cao, Xian Long, Fu Sheng Pan, Hong Da Deng i Wei Cai. "Corrosion Resistance of Modified Silane Films Formed on AZ31 Magnesium Alloys". Materials Science Forum 686 (czerwiec 2011): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.686.21.

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This present work investigated the corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy substrates pre-treated with bis-[triethoxysilylpropyl] tetrasulfide silane modified with cerium nitrate. The corrosion behavior of the pre-treated substrates in 0.005M sodium chloride solutions was assessed by potentiodynamic polarization, open circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that the silane pre-treatments improved the corrosion resistance of the AZ31 magnesium alloy substrates in the presence of chloride ions. Especially the addition of cerium nitrate played an important role in reducing the corrosion activity.

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Shyam, Radhe, i N. C. Aery. "Effect of cerium on seed germination and early seedling growth of wheat". NBU Journal of Plant Sciences 5, nr 1 (2011): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.55734/nbujps.2011.v05i01.008.

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The effect of various concentrations of three species of cerium was studied on seed germination and early seedling growth of Triticum aestivum L. Seeds were germinated on moist filter papers added with 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 12.5 and 62.5 Hg g' cerium as cerium chloride, cerium sulphate and cerium nitrate and observations were made on seed germination, shoot- root length, fresh and dry weight. Lower concentrations of cerium species significantly increased shoot-root growth and relative yield of seedlings. Higher concentrations (12.5 and 62.5 Hg g) proved to be toxic for seedling growth. The root growth was affected more adversely than shoots. Though germination speed was affected, ultimate germination was always 100 %. The results of this study indicate that low levels/ concentrations of cerium are beneficial for the test plants.

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15

Wang, C., F. Jiang i F. Wang. "Cerium Chemical Conversion Coating for Aluminum Alloy 2024-T3 and Its Corrosion Resistance". Corrosion 60, nr 3 (1.03.2004): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3287726.

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Abstract New golden, yellow-colored cerium chemical conversion coatings on aluminum alloy 2024-T3 (AA2024-T3 [UNS A92024]) surface at room temperature were obtained by immersing the alloy into a cerium solution containing zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Electrochemical methods and immersion tests were used to study the dynamics of the coatings formation and their corrosion resistance in 3.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. The morphologies of the coatings were recorded by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyze the chemical composition and the oxidation state of the elements in the coatings. Polarization experiments and immersion tests in 3.5% NaCl solution showed that the sensitivity to pitting corrosion for the conversion-coated AA2024-T3 was greatly lower than that of the untreated specimens, and the corrosion resistance improved markedly. SEM photographs showed that the coatings consisted of a lot of spherical particles. EDX and XPS experimental results showed that the coatings were made up of oxygen, cerium, and aluminum, and the spherical particles contained higher contents of cerium and oxygen than the other sites. Cerium was mainly in the form of Ce4+. The mechanisms of conversion coatings formation and improvement on corrosion resistance also are discussed.

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16

Terent'ev, Alexander O., Vera A. Vil', Ivan A. Yaremenko, Oleg V. Bityukov, Dmitri O. Levitsky, Vladimir V. Chernyshev, Gennady I. Nikishin i Fabrice Fleury. "Preparation of a microsized cerium chloride-based catalyst and its application in the Michael addition of β-diketones to vinyl ketones". New J. Chem. 38, nr 4 (2014): 1493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3nj01454a.

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Luo, Z. R., E. F. Whitter, R. L. Schultz i P. J. McMillan. "Thiamine pyrophosphatase and nucleoside diphosphatase in guinea pig pinealocytes shown by a cerium-based method". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 46 (1988): 388–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100104005.

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Thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) and nucleoside diphosphatase (NDPase) both have a similar localization in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the perinuclear space (PNS) and the Golgi apparatus (GA) in hepatocytes and other cell types. Whether they are two separate enzymes or a single one has not been determined. Recently cerium has been reported as an excellent substitute for lead. The study described here compared the activities of TPPase and NDPase in pinealocytes by the cerium-based method.Guinea pig pineal glands were fixed by perfusion with a mixture of 1% glutaraldehyde and 2% paraformaldehyde followed by immersion in the same fixative for a total of 30 min. Sections cut at 100μm on a vibratome were incubated in substrate-free incubation medium for 30 min, then for 3 hrs at room temperature in the complete medium, which contained thiamine pyrophosphate (1 mg/ml) for TPPase and inosine diphosphate (1 mg/ml) for NDPase, cerium chloride (0.7 mg/ml), manganese chloride (1 mg/ml), and 5% sucrose in buffer.

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van Goor, H., P. O. Gerrits i M. J. Hardonk. "Enzyme histochemical demonstration of alkaline phosphatase activity in plastic-embedded tissues using a Gomori-based cerium-DAB technique." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 37, nr 3 (marzec 1989): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/37.3.2465338.

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We describe a new method for light microscopic demonstration of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in plastic-embedded sections. Rat tissues were fixed in acetone (-20 degrees C), infiltrated in glycol methacrylate (GMA), and embedded at 0 degrees C. Sections were cut at 1 and 2 microns, dried at room temperature, and incubated in the conventional Gomori medium. Cerium chloride was used to convert calcium phosphate into cerium phosphate, which was subsequently converted into cerium perhydroxide. The slight yellow precipitate of cerium perhydroxide was amplified using 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB). For comparison, tissue sections were processed according to the calcium-cobalt method. The method described combines exact localization of ALP activity with optimal preservation of tissue morphology.

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Rahahlia, N., B. Benmerad, A. Guehria-Laidoudi, S. Dahaoui i C. Lecomte. "Poly[[tetraaqua-μ4-glutarato-cerium(III)] chloride dihydrate]". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, nr 9 (11.08.2006): m2145—m2147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806030741.

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Johnson, David C., i Theodore S. Widlanski. "Cerium(III) Chloride-Mediated Reactions of Sulfonamide Dianions". Journal of Organic Chemistry 68, nr 13 (czerwiec 2003): 5300–5309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo034001w.

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Bartoli, Giuseppe, Enrico Marcantoni i Letizia Sambri. "ChemInform Abstract: Cerium(III) Chloride in Organic Synthesis". ChemInform 32, nr 22 (26.05.2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200122274.

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Azhar, Mustaffa Ali, Monna Rozana, Mabel de Cunha, Dede Miftahul Anwar, Ehsan Ahmadi, Abdul Razak Khairunisak, Kuan Yew Cheong i Zainovia Lockman. "Effect of Annealing Temperature of Hybrid CeO₂/TiO₂ Nanotubes on the Photocurrent". Advanced Materials Research 1024 (sierpień 2014): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1024.132.

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Cerium oxide (CeO2) or known as ceria were deposited on titanium dioxide, TiO2, nanotubes by electrodeposition process as to produce hybrid materials that can generate photocurrent. The electrodeposition process is done by using 0.1 M cerium chloride mixed with 0.1 M ammonium acetate as ligands to promote stability complexes in a standard two electrode bath. Voltage and pH were controlled to ensure the most optimum condition of cerium oxide deposition. Samples were then annealed at different temperatures. Photocurrent results indicate that annealed sample at 450°C shows the best photocurrent due to high degree of anatase and cubic crystallinity.

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Borzenko, S. V., i M. T. Usmanov. "Rare-earth elements in salt lakes of Southeastern Transbaikalia". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1112, nr 1 (1.12.2022): 012117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1112/1/012117.

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Abstract It was shown that with increasing salinity of waters, it was determined that concentrations of dissolved heavy HREEs and medium MREEs increase in soda lakes. It was determined that sulfatreduction and secondary mineral formation can influence the migration of lanthanides in lakes. Sulfatreduction leads to accumulation of lanthanides of medium MREEs and heavy HREEs subgroups in lake waters. The content of lanthanides of the light LREE subgroup is controlled mainly by secondary mineral formation. Thermodynamic calculations show that the degree of saturation in parasite CaCe0.95La0.6Nd0.35Pr0.1(CO3)3F2 and bastnesite CeCO3(OH)F is higher in soda lakes than in chloride lakes. The saturation of lake waters with respect to cerium hydroxide III in anaerobic and cerium hydroxide IV in aerobic conditions leads to the formation of negative cerium anomaly in lake waters of the considered lake types. It is shown that the different nature of the formation of soda and chloride lakes is the main reason for different concentrations of REEs in their waters and bottom sediments.

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Nam, Nguyễn Đăng. "AN INVESTIGATION ON CORROSION INHIBITORS FOR STEEL IN ETHANOL FUEL BLEND". Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 56, nr 3B (13.09.2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/56/3b/12726.

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Cerium (III) chloride, sodium 4-hydroxycinnamate, and cerium 4-hydroxycinnamate have been successfully characterized as effective anodic, cathodic, and mixed inhibitors for steel in ethanol fuel blend by electrochemical and surface analyses. Electrochemical and surface analyses indicate that good inhibition performances are due to the formation of protective layer as a result of adsorption between the metal and inhibitor components. In addition, the inhibition mechanism of each inhibitor is also suggested and discussed in detail.

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Abhilash, Pratima Meshram, Shivendra Sinha, Banshi Dhar Pandey, Vasudevan Krishna Kumari i Subrat Kar. "Chloride leaching of lanthanum and cerium from Indian red mud and metal separation studies". Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, nr 2 (2019): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018090.

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Bench-scale experiments were conducted to recover lanthanum and cerium from Indian red mud in a hydrochloric acid medium. The method includes acid leaching of red mud pulp and subsequent liquid-liquid extraction of the leached metals with different organic extractants, in order to establish the technical feasibility of extraction and separation simultaneously. The maximum extraction of 88.5% La was achieved at 95 °C, using 1 M HCl, S/L ratio = 1/100 in 1 h with 200 rpm agitation rate. At this temperature, cerium recovery (99.9%) was found to be maximum. The maximum recovery of cerium (99.9%) can be achieved even at 55 °C, while the recovery of lanthanum lowered to 78.5% under same conditions. Liquid-liquid extraction of leached metals was tested to be complete and selective using Cyanex 923, as against Cyanex 301 and Cyanex 272.

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Loperena, A. P., I. L. Lehr i S. B. Saidman. "Electrosynthesis of a Duplex Coating Consisting of a Cerium-Based Layer and a Polypyrrole Film for the Corrosion Protection of AISI 304 Stainless Steel". Journal of Material Science and Technology Research 8 (30.11.2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31875/2410-4701.2021.08.1.

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Duplex coating consisting of an inner cerium-based layer and polypyrrole (PPy) film topcoat was electrodeposited onto AISI 304 stainless steel. The cerium-based coating was electrodeposited in solutions containing cerium nitrate at 50 ºC. The polymeric outer layer was electropolymerized in the presence of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT). The electrosynthesis was done under potentiostat conditions. The coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDX). The morphology of the double-layered cerium polypyrrole film shows a granular structure with the presence of agglomerates of small grains. The anticorrosive performance of the coatings was evaluated in sodium chloride solution by linear polarization, open circuit measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Single films, cerium layer and PPy coating, and the duplex film all reduce the corrosion rate of AISI 304 stainless steel in NaCl solution. The duplex coating presents an improved corrosion resistance concerning the single films. The combination of the characteristics of the single layers is responsible for the superior corrosion protection efficiency of the double-layered cerium polypyrrole coating.

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Shirosaki, Yuki, Manato Nakatsukasa, Saki Yasutomi, Susana Cruz-Neves, Satoshi Hayakawa, Akiyoshi Osaka, Toshinari Maeda i Toshiki Miyazaki. "Cytocompatible and Antibacterial Properties of Chitosan-Siloxane Hybrid Spheres". Polymers 11, nr 10 (14.10.2019): 1676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101676.

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Microporous spheres in a hybrid system consisting of chitosan and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) have advantages in a range of applications, e.g., as vehicles for cell transplantation and soft tissue defect filling materials, because of their excellent cytocompatibility with various cells. In this study, microporous chitosan-GPTMS spheres were prepared by dropping chitosan-GPTMS precursor sols, with or without a cerium chloride, into liquid nitrogen using a syringe pump. The droplets were then freeze dried to give the pores of size 10 to 50 μm. The cell culture tests showed that L929 fibroblast-like cells migrated into the micropores larger than 50 μm in diameter, whereas MG63 osteoblast-like cells proliferated well and covered the granule surfaces. The spheres with cerium chloride showed antibacterial properties against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

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Feng, Chengtao, Yizhe Yan, Zhenglei Zhang, Kun Xu i Zhiyong Wang. "Cerium(iii)-catalyzed cascade cyclization: an efficient approach to functionalized pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinolines". Org. Biomol. Chem. 12, nr 27 (2014): 4837–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ob00708e.

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A general and practical route to the synthesis of multisubstituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinolines has been described from 2-alkylazaarenes and nitroolefins using cerium chloride as a catalyst via a tandem Michael addition, cyclization and aromatization.

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Reddy, L. Rajender, M. Arjun Reddy, N. Bhanumathi i K. Rama Rao. "Cerium Chloride-Catalysed Cleavage of Epoxides with Aromatic Amines". Synthesis 2001, nr 06 (2001): 0831–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-13414.

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Torregiani, Elisabetta, Gianfranco Seu, Alberto Minassi i Giovanni Appendino. "Cerium(III) chloride-promoted chemoselective esterification of phenolic alcohols". Tetrahedron Letters 46, nr 13 (marzec 2005): 2193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.02.042.

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BEHBAHANI, G. REZAEI, M. SHALBAFAN, N. GHEIBI, L. BARZEGAR, H. REZAEI BEHBAHANI, N. YAGHDAVAEI i Z. REZAEI BEHBAHANI. "DENATURATION OF HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN BY CERIUM (III) CHLORIDE". Biophysical Reviews and Letters 08, nr 01n02 (czerwiec 2013): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793048013500033.

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Cerium (III) Chloride-induced conformational changes of human serum albumin, HSA, in phosphate buffer, 10 mM at pH 7.4 was investigated, using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), UV and fluorescence emission spectroscopic methods. The results indicate that CeCl3, Ce3+, induces irreversible denaturation of the HSA structure. The UV absorption intensity of HSA + Ce3+ shows a slight blueshift in the absorbance wavelength with increasing Ce3+ concentration. The fluorescence intensity was increased regularly and a slight redshift was observed in the emission wavelength. The HSA + Ce3+ complex quenches the fluorescence of HSA and changes the microenvironment of tryptophan residue. The emission intensity increases suggesting the loss of the tertiary structure of HSA. The results obtained from the ITC data are in agreement with the spectroscopic methods. The strong negative cooperativity of Ce3+ binding with HSA (Table 1) recovered from the extended solvation model, indicates that HSA has been denatured as a result of its interaction with Ce3+ ions.

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Hong, Jie, Xiaohong Yu, Xiaoyu Pan, Xiaoyang Zhao, Lei Sheng, Xuezi Sang, Anan Lin i in. "Pulmonary Toxicity in Mice Following Exposure to Cerium Chloride". Biological Trace Element Research 159, nr 1-3 (16.04.2014): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12011-014-9953-3.

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Rozek, Tomas, Edward R. T. Tiekink, Dennis K. Taylor i John H. Bowie. "Syntheses of Angucyclinones Related to Ochromycinone. II. Regio- and Stereo-selective Reduction of a Tetrahydroangucyclinone". Australian Journal of Chemistry 51, nr 11 (1998): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c98094.

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The reduction of racemic 8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6,6a,12a-hexahydrobenz[a]anthracene- 1,7,12(2H)-trione, with either (i) sodium borohydride and cerium(III) chloride in ethanol (the Luche reagent) or (ii) sodium borohydride in ethanol, was shown (by n.m.r. and X-ray crystallographic data) to yield the same racemic product, viz. 7,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,12a-octahydrobenz[a]anthracene-1,12-dione. The 7-OH and 6-OMe groups are cis to each other. The observed regiochemistry can be rationalized in both cases by preferential interaction of respectively (i) the cerium(III) chloride of the Luche reagent, and (ii) sodium borohydride with the 8-OH group of (3) (the 8-OH group is more acidic than the solvent), while the cis stereochemistry is consistent with hydride delivery from the less hindered face in (3).

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Lv, Zhang i Hao. "Simulation of the Scale-up Process of a Venturi Jet Pyrolysis Reactor". Metals 9, nr 9 (3.09.2019): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9090979.

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Micro- and nano-sized cerium oxide particles can be prepared through pyrolyzing cerium chloride solution directly in the venturi jet pyrolysis reactor. Micro- and nano-sized cerium oxide particles have better performance and higher application value. To increase the production of micro-and nano-sized cerium oxide, it is necessary to scale up the venturi jet pyrolysis reactor. According to the geometric similarity principle, the scale-up of the venturi jet pyrolysis reactors utilize dimensional analysis methods, with FLUENT13.0 and user-defined functions, following the mathematical simulation of the resulting enlarged reactors. After the dimensional analysis, the empirical formula obtained between the reactants and all the parameters is Q = 2.240727 × 10−4P0.004568ρ0.26223d−0.24801V1.25714n0.076479μ−0.26628, and the geometrical scale-up of the reactors needs to follow V = 0.0209d0.196. The results in this study can provide data support for the future optimization and amplification of reactors.

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Lim, Jong Min, i Sang Woo Kim. "Synthesis of Nickel Coated Gadolinia Doped Ceria Nanopowder by Microwave Radiation". Materials Science Forum 569 (styczeń 2008): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.569.77.

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Nickel coated gadolinium doped ceria (GDC) powder was synthesized by microwave radiation and combustion. For the synthesis, the precipitates of gadolinium cerium oxycarbonate hydrate (GdxCe2-xO(CO3)2·H2O) were formed by a microwave radiated reaction between cerium nitrate (Ce(NO3)3.6H2O) and gadolinium nitrate (Gd(NO3)3.6H2O) and urea (CO(NH2)2), then nickel coatings on the gadolinium cerium oxycarbonate hydrate were performed by further microwave reaction between nickel chloride and urea. The shape and size of the gadolinium cerium oxycarbonate hydrate particles were critically dependent on aging time during microwave radiation. The irregular particles were transformed to rod shape particles with well-crystallized with increasing aging time to 40 min at 70 - 80°C because of the gradual decomposition of urea during microwave radiation. Small nickel precursor particles were homogeneously coated on the gadolinium cerium oxycarbonate hydrate particles with rod shape with aid of microwave radiation at 80 °C for 40 min. As a result, the nickel coated GDC nanopowders were sucessfully produced by the microwave radiation synthesis and further microwave combusted at 450°C for 20 min.

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Gomes, José Cosme Cunha, C. P. Souza, Uilame Umbelino Gomes, Jean R. Gavarri, Jean P. Dallas i C. Leroux. "Leaching Process of Cerium Extraction from Mixture of Cerite-Monazite Mineral". Materials Science Forum 514-516 (maj 2006): 1653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.1653.

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Rare earth oxides have been widely investigated in catalysis as structured and electronic promoters to improve the activity and thermal stability of catalysts. Cerium has an important role in three-way catalysis and fluid catalytic cracking, two significant catalytic processes by their economic relevance and tonnage. Cerium and other rare earths have been studied as possible heterogeneous catalysts at selective oxidation of hydrocarbons. Cerite and monazite are minerals with high concentration of cerium element. Extraction of cerium metal using conventional leaching processes has shown low yields or high costs. The main purpose of this research work is to optimize the parameters in cerium purification stage from this mineral using leaching process. To separate particles with different granulometries, the mineral is ground and fractioned with sieves of 80, 200, 250 and 400 mesh. In order to put off organic components and oxidize cerium(III) to cerium(IV), samples were roasted at 1073K by twenty-four hours. The roasted samples were solubilized by acid attack (leaching) for approximately twenty-four hours; according to the acid used hydrochloric or sulfuric), cerium and other trivalent elements are solubilized as chloride or sulfate solution. Cerium was extracted by selective precipitation at pH~3,4 using ammonium or natrium hydroxide as pH changer. After filtration and drying, the precipitated product was characterized by XRD (x-ray diffraction), and then process efficiency was determined (cerium percentage and the different phases in the powder). Particles granulometry, roasting process (time and temperature), as well as leaching parameters (acid used, time, temperature and concentration of reagents) were the main variables studied.

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Ma, Long-juan, Yi-heng Lu, Yan Chen, Yu-wei Lu i Gang Yuan. "Dehydrochlorination study of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) contianing modified titanium dioxide, cerium stearate, organotin and β-diketone complex after long-term storage". Materials Research Express 9, nr 2 (1.02.2022): 025305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac4f87.

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Abstract Understanding the influence of additives on the dehydrochlorination of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) from the source and long-term storage is an attractive topic. In this work, the effects of folic acid modified nano titanium dioxide (FANT), cerium stearate, organotin and β -diketone compound additives on the dehydrochlorination of plasticized PVC and long-term storage were investigated using conductivity measurements. The results showed that the induction time of hydrogen chloride removal of plasticized PVC (C-1) containing composite stabilizer at 200 °C were 243% higher than those of the control (S1). After storage, the heat stability of the control decreased significantly. Instead, the induction time and stability time of plasticized PVC containing FANT, cerium stearate, organotin and β- diketone composites were significantly enhanced at 200 °C. The thermal stability sequence from difficult to easy for removal of hydrogen chloride was : 3.0 phr (1.90% wt) (C2) >1.0 phr (0.64% wt) (C1) > 5.0 phr (3.17% wt) (C3) with FANT. It is inferred that this is due to the FANT’s hydrogen bonding van der Waals force and the complexation reaction of variable valence metal Ce+3/Ce+4 with C-Cl bond in PVC polymer molecule. The induction time (min) of hydrogen chloride removal at 200 °C before and after storage is as follows: C-20 (71.9) > C-10 (70.6) > C-1 (60.7) > C-3 (57.2) > C-30 (52.7) > C-2 (49.9) > S1 (25.3) > S10 (19.7). The critical temperature for hydrogen chloride removal by the composite film is around 210 °C. If the content of FANT increased to 3.17%, the intermolecular force and repulsive force in PVC system offset each other, indicating that the increase of FANT content will lead to the increase of repulsive force with PVC. A certain amount of FANT, cerium stearate, organotin and β- diketone composites has a significant synergistic effect on the thermal stability of PVC.

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Chao, Lv, Yin Hongxin, Liu Yanlong, Chen Xuxin, Sun Minghe i Zhao Hongliang. "Process study of CeO2 preparation by jet-flow pyrolysis via microwave heating". Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, nr 00 (2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq220510034c.

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Spray pyrolysis method has a disadvantage of nozzle plugging and conventional heating model causes a large temperature gradient, which leads to uneven heated reactants. In this study, cerium chloride heptahydrate and Venturi reactor were used as raw material and core equipment, respectively. The technology of microwave heating was combined to prepare single-phase sphere-like cerium oxide. The mean size of the particles was near 80nm. The product was characterized via the technology of XRD, SEM and EDS. The purity, morphology and energy consumption were compared with the conventional spray pyrolysis. Fluent software coupled with HFSS was employed to simulate the effects of different process conditions on products? purity and temperature field in the reactor. There was a good correspondence between experimental and simulated results. The results showed that as gas velocity Vg increased, the tendency of the temperature field distribution did not change. The lowest mass fraction of chlorine element reached 0.13% when the gas inlet velocity reached 1.7 m/s. When the material inlet velocity was 0.05 m/s, the mass fraction of chlorine element was below 0.1%, which indicated that the reactants had a complete reaction. It has been calculated that the heating cost, energy consumption and CO2 emission were decreased sharply, which compared with spray pyrolysis method.

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Mills, Andrew, i Anthony Cook. "Oxidation of chloride to chlorine by cerium(IV) ions mediated by a microheterogeneous redox catalyst". Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases 84, nr 5 (1988): 1691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/f19888401691.

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Marín-Sánchez, Miguel, Elena Gracia-Escosa, Ana Conde, Carlos Palacio i Ignacio García. "Deposition of Zinc–Cerium Coatings from Deep Eutectic Ionic Liquids". Materials 11, nr 10 (19.10.2018): 2035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11102035.

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This work studies the electrodeposition of zinc and cerium species on carbon steel substrates from choline chloride-based ionic liquid bath in order to develop a protective coating with anti-corrosion, sacrificial, and self-repairing properties. Hull cell tests were used to study the influence of the current density on composition of the coatings and their morphology. Surface morphology, chemical composition and oxidation state of the obtained coatings were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Furthermore, electrochemical characterization and corrosion tests were performed in order to evaluate the corrosion properties of the electrodeposited Zn–Ce coatings. The cathodic deposition of Zn–Ce was achieved for the first time using the deep eutectic solvent choline chloride-urea as an electrolyte. Cerium was incorporated in the coating as oxide or mixed oxide within the Zn metal matrix. The composition and morphology of the electrodeposited coating were dependent on the applied current density. Electrochemical corrosion tests showed similar corrosion rates for all the coatings. Nevertheless on scratched tests with a ratio area of 15:1, for Zn–Ce coatings cerium oxide somehow migrates from the coating to the high pH cathodic areas developed on the surface of the bare steel substrate. Further study is still necessary to improve the corrosion protection of the Zn–Ce coating for carbon steel.

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Wu, Haoyi, Wenqin Peng, Zheng-Ming Wang i Kazuhide Koike. "Cerium-doped gehlenite supporting silver/silver chloride for continuous photocatalysis". RSC Advances 6, nr 44 (2016): 37995–8003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra02444k.

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Lautens, Mark, Oscar de Frutos i Timothy A. Stammers. "Cerium(III) chloride promoted opening of [3.2.1] oxabicycles with methyllithium". Tetrahedron Letters 40, nr 48 (listopad 1999): 8317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01764-5.

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Wegehaupt, F. J., W. Buchalla, B. Sener, T. Attin i P. R. Schmidlin. "Cerium Chloride Reduces Enamel Lesion Initiation and Progression in vitro". Caries Research 48, nr 1 (2014): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000351691.

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Conlon, David A, Daniel Kumke, Charles Moeder, Michelle Hardiman, Gerri Hutson i Laura Sailer. "Insights into the Cerium Chloride-Catalyzed Grignard Addition to Esters". Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis 346, nr 11 (wrzesień 2004): 1307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.200404075.

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Wattanathana, Worawat, Suttipong Wannapaiboon, Chatchai Veranitisagul, Navadol Laosiripojana, Nattamon Koonsaeng i Apirat Laobuthee. "Preparation of Palladium-Impregnated Ceria by Metal Complex Decomposition for Methane Steam Reforming Catalysis". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5828067.

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Palladium-impregnated ceria materials were successfully prepared via an integrated procedure between a metal complex decomposition method and a microwave-assisted wetness impregnation. Firstly, ceria (CeO2) powders were synthesized by thermal decomposition of cerium(III) complexes prepared by using cerium(III) nitrate or cerium(III) chloride as a metal source to form a metal complex precursor with triethanolamine or benzoxazine dimer as an organic ligand. Palladium(II) nitrate was consequently introduced to the preformed ceria materials using wetness impregnation while applying microwave irradiation to assist dispersion of the dopant. The palladium-impregnated ceria materials were obtained by calcination under reduced atmosphere of 10% H2 in He stream at 700°C for 2 h. Characterization of the palladium-impregnated ceria materials reveals the influences of the metal complex precursors on the properties of the obtained materials. Interestingly, the palladium-impregnated ceria prepared from the cerium(III)-benzoxazine dimer complex revealed significantly higher BET specific surface area and higher content of the more active Pdδ+ (δ > 2) species than the materials prepared from cerium(III)-triethanolamine complexes. Consequently, it exhibited the most efficient catalytic activity in the methane steam reforming reaction. By optimization of the metal complex precursors, characteristics of the obtained palladium-impregnated ceria catalysts can be modified and hence influence the catalytic activity.

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Zhu, Jian, Nian Hua Dan i Wei Hua Dan. "Studies on the Graft Copolymer of 2,3-Glycidyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride onto Chitosan with Ultrasonic". Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (luty 2011): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.109.

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Under the action of ultrasonic, the graft copolymer is synthesized by grafting 2, 3- glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride onto chitosan with ammonium cerium nitrate as initiator, and the main factors which influences this reaction are selected. The results show the optimum reactive conditions while chitosan: 2, 3- glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride is 1:3, pH 7.0, 70°C, the reactive time 3h, and the concentration of initiator 0.5mmol/L. Finally, the product of graft copolymer is analyzed by chemical titration, infrared analysis (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), elemental analysis, and XRD.

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El-Said, Hassan, Hala Ramadan, Mahmoud Abbas i Maher El-Hashash. "99Mo/99mTc radioisotope generator based on adsorption of 99Mo (VI) on cerium (IV) molybdate column matrix". Radiochimica Acta 106, nr 12 (27.11.2018): 991–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2018-0002.

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Abstract Based on neutron activated 99Mo, a procedure for preparation of 99Mo/99mTc radioisotope generator was developed. Batch equilibration method was used to investigate the sorption behavior of Mo (VI) (10−4 M) in chloride and nitrate solutions on cerium (IV) molybdate gel matrix using 99Mo radiotracer. The breakthrough sorption capacity of cerium molybdate gel matrix for 99Mo (VI) (3×10−2 M) were found to be 0.54 mmol/g of the sorbent [1 g column (0.6 cm i.d.)]. Elution performance of the generated 99mTc from cerium molybdate-99Mo chromatographic column was investigated as a function of inside diameter of the column, amount of the bed matrix and flow rate of the eluent. Based on the obtained results, 99Mo/99mTc radioisotope generator was prepared based on adsorption of neutron activated 99Mo (VI) of low specific activity onto chromatographic columns packed with 5 g cerium molybdate gel matrix. The radioactivity of 99mTc is periodically eluted with 10 mL 0.9% NaCl solution at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Elution yield of 78±5% was obtained with high chemical, radionuclidic (99Mo breakthrough 1×10−3±0.3×10−3%) and radiochemical purity (97±2%).

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Sokolik, Charles W., Annie S. Walker i Gary M. Nishioka. "A Simple and Sensitive Assay for Measuring Very Small Volumes of Microprinted Solutions". Analytical Chemistry Insights 6 (styczeń 2011): ACI.S7827. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/aci.s7827.

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This study describes an extremely sensitive and simple assay to measure small volumes of solutions, <1 nL. The assay takes advantage of the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction in which yellow cerium(IV) is reduced to colorless cerium(III) in the presence of arsenic(III) and catalytic quantities of iodide ion. The reaction is linear with respect to the rate of Ce(IV) reduction and the quantity of I– present. Typical assays can measure 10-100 picomoles of iodide in a sample. When I– is substituted for chloride ion in standard biological buffers, such as Tris-buffered saline, the assay can be used to determine the volume of solution printed in a microarray.

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Winiarski, Juliusz, Anna Niciejewska, Jacek Ryl, Kazimierz Darowicki, Sylwia Baśladyńska, Katarzyna Winiarska i Bogdan Szczygieł. "Ni/cerium Molybdenum Oxide Hydrate Microflakes Composite Coatings Electrodeposited from Choline Chloride: Ethylene Glycol Deep Eutectic Solvent". Materials 13, nr 4 (19.02.2020): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040924.

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Cerium molybdenum oxide hydrate microflakes are codeposited with nickel from a deep eutectic solvent-based bath. During seven days of exposure in 0.05 M NaCl solution, the corrosion resistance of composite coating (Ni/CeMoOxide) is slightly reduced, due to the existence of some microcracks caused by large microflakes. Multielemental analysis of the solution, in which coatings are exposed and the qualitative changes in the surface chemistry (XPS) show selective etching molybdenum from microflakes. The amount of various molybdenum species within the surface of coating nearly completely disappear, due to the corrosion process. Significant amounts of Ce3+ compounds are removed, however the corrosion process is less selective towards the cerium, and the overall cerium chemistry remains unchanged. Initially, blank Ni coatings are covered by NiO and Ni(OH)2 in an atomic ratio of 1:2. After exposure, the amount of Ni(OH)2 increases in relation to NiO (ratio 1:3). For the composite coating, the atomic ratios of both forms of nickel vary from 1:0.8 to 1:1.3. Despite achieving lower corrosion resistance of the composite coating, the applied concept of using micro-flakes, whose skeleton is a system of Ce(III) species and active form are molybdate ions, may be interesting for applications in materials with potential self-healing properties.

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Klimova, E. M., A. I. Bozhkov, E. A. Bychenko, E. V. Lavinskaya, N. M. Zholobak i A. M. Korobov. "Characteristics of the response of the microalga (Dunaliella viridis) to cerium compounds in culture". Biosystems Diversity 27, nr 2 (9.05.2019): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/011919.

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Recently, nanobiotechnology has been developing intensively; therefore, various properties of nanoparticles, which depend on their origin, concentration, and size, are of interest. It is known that CeO2 nanoparticles cause a positive biological effect. These particles are able to penetrate through biomembranes. At the same time, there are assumptions about a high degree of biological risks when using nanomaterials, and it is obvious that the biosafety of nanomaterials is decisive in the development of new products, including for medicine. The cytotoxicity of samples of cerium salts and cerium dioxide nanoparticles of different sizes was assessed at different concentrations using D. viridis. The cytotoxicity level by morphological and functional disorders of D. viridis was investigated, as determined by the change in cell shape, accumulation of inclusions, loss of flagellum, change in nature and movement, the formation of micro- and macroaggregates by D. viridis cells and exometabolite release. The cytotoxicity coefficient was calculated as a quotient of total detected changes divided by their number. It was shown that cerium salts (cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate and cerium (III) chloride) had pronounced cytotoxicity, which exceeded cytotoxicity values of the control by 7 and 6 times, respectively. Cerium dioxide nanoparticles with a size of 6 nm at a concentration of 0.01 M showed intermediate cytotoxicity, which exceeded control values by 3.5 times, and after the effect of nanoparticles with a size of 2 nm at a concentration of 0.1 M, the cytotoxicity coefficient corresponded to control values. The addition of inactivated blood serum to the incubation mixture resulted in a decreased cytotoxic effect of cerium dioxide. The use of D. viridis as a test system will supplement the arsenal of biotesting tools for nanomaterials and the study of the mechanisms of their effect.

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