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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Cell ultrastructure”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 4 lutego 2022

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1

Hegewald, Eberhard, Seon Sook An, Eberhard Schnepf i Peter Tsarenko. "Taxonomy and cell wall ultrastructure of Scenedesmus lunatus (Chlorophyta, Chlorococcales)". Algological Studies/Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement Volumes 91 (30.11.1998): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/algol_stud/91/1998/11.

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Kimbrough, James W., i Jack L. Gibson. "Ultrastructural and cytological observations of apothecial tissues of Geopyxis carbonaria (Pezizales, Ascomycetes)". Canadian Journal of Botany 68, nr 2 (1.02.1990): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-034.

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Cytological observations are made on apothecial tissues of Geopyxis carbonaria, using transmission electron microscopy. Characteristic features of both the medullary and ectal excipula are examined. Changes in ascus apex and wall structures are examined during ascus ontogeny, especially in relation to operculum position and structure. Ultrastructure of septum configuration is observed and compared in the excipulum, ascogenous hyphae, paraphyses, and at the base of young asci. Ascosporogenesis is observed from the ascus mother cell stage and initial spore delimitation until secondary wall formation. The cytological and ultrastructural observations on this species are discussed in relation to their possible taxonomic or phylogenetic value. Key words: ascosporogenesis, Discomycetes, ascospore ultrastructure, septal ultrastructure, cytochemistry.

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3

Popov, V. L., A. A. Shatkin, V. N. Pankratova, N. S. Smirnova, C. H. Bonsdorff, M. R. Ekman, A. MÃ¶rttinen i P. Saikku. "Ultrastructure ofChlamydia pneumoniaein cell culture". FEMS Microbiology Letters 84, nr 2 (listopad 1991): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04584.x.

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4

Henrik, Per, i Becher Carstens. "ULTRASTRUCTURE OF GRANULAR CELL MYOBLASTOMA". Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section A Pathology 78A, nr 6 (15.08.2009): 685–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1970.tb03521.x.

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5

Vollenweider, Iren, i P. Groscurth. "Ultrastructure of cell mediated cytotoxicity". Electron Microscopy Reviews 4, nr 2 (styczeń 1991): 249–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0892-0354(91)90005-w.

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6

Bonarski, Jan T., Girma Kifetew i Wiesław Olek. "Effects of cell wall ultrastructure on the transverse shrinkage anisotropy of Scots pine wood". Holzforschung 69, nr 4 (1.05.2015): 501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2014-0075.

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Abstract A hypothesis for explaining the differential anisotropic shrinkage behavior of wood has been proposed, and it was based on the differences in the cell wall ultrastructure. The starting point of the consideration is that wood shrinkage is governed by its chemical composition, ultrastructure, and gross anatomy. It is also well known that the transverse shrinkage anisotropy of earlywood (EW) is more pronounced than that of the latewood (LW). In the paper, the cell wall ultrastructure and shrinkage anisotropy has been related to each other, and to this purpose, a set of crystallographic texture descriptors was applied. The descriptors are based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments conducted on matched EW samples from different growth rings of Scots pine. The range of the microfibril angle (MFA) was identified. The ratio of the maxima of inverse pole figures (IPFs) of both the tangential (T) and radial (R) directions was determined. The ratios quantify the inhomogeneity of the spatial arrangement of the ordered areas. The results of the study clearly indicate that the transverse shrinkage of wood is governed mostly by a specific ultrastructural organization of moderately organized cell wall compounds.

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7

Saucedo, José Edmundo Nava, Jean-Noël Barbotin, Martine Velut i Daniel Thomas. "Ultrastructural examination of Gibberella fujikuroi mycelia: effect of immobilization in calcium alginate beads". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 35, nr 12 (1.12.1989): 1118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m89-187.

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Ultrastructural examination of free and calcium alginate immobilized Gibberella fujikuroi mycelia showed that in addition to the changes occurring during the transition phase from primary to secondary metabolism, there are several alterations in the ultrastructure of hyphae as a response to microenvironmental changes owing to immobilization constraints. Internal changes included (i) the presence of large glyoxisomelike bodies and of active vesicle-generating systems, which appeared as cloudy structures in electron micrographs; (ii) the formation of endocells, resulting in hyphae with up to three cell walls and the concomitant accumulation of secondary metabolites, mainly pigments, in peripheral cell compartments; and (iii) the progressive development of autophagic vacuoles involved in the turnover of cell constituents.Key words: Gibberella fujikuroi, immobilized fungi, alginate entrapment, ultrastructure modification, immobilization.

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8

Khursigara, Cezar M., Susan F. Koval, Dianne M. Moyles i Robert J. Harris. "Inroads through the bacterial cell envelope: seeing is believing". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 64, nr 9 (wrzesień 2018): 601–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2018-0091.

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A singular feature of all prokaryotic cells is the presence of a cell envelope composed of a cytoplasmic membrane and a cell wall. The introduction of bacterial cell fractionation techniques in the 1950s and 1960s along with developments in procedures for electron microscopy opened the window towards an understanding of the chemical composition and architecture of the cell envelope. This review traces the contribution of Terry Beveridge in these endeavours, beginning with his doctoral studies in the 1970s on the structure of paracrystalline surface arrays (S-layers), followed by an exploration of cryogenic methods for preserving bacteria for ultrastructural analyses. His insights are reflected in a current example of the contribution of cryo-electron microscopy to S-layer studies — the structure and assembly of the surface array of Caulobacter crescentus. The review then focuses on Terry’s contributions to imaging the ultrastructure of bacterial cell envelopes and to the development of cryo-electron microscopy techniques, including the use of CEMOVIS (Cryo-electron Microscopy of Vitreous Sections) to “see” the ultrastructure of the Gram-positive cell envelope — his last scientific endeavour.

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9

marda, Jan. "Cell ultrastructure changes accompanying the annual life cycle of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa". Algological Studies 130 (1.10.2009): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2009/0130-0027.

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10

SITTART, J. "Ultrastructure of skin large cell acanthoma". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 11 (wrzesień 1998): S218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-9959(98)95381-8.

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11

Cross, Patricia C., K. Lynne Mercer i John J. Bozzola. "Cell and Ultrastructure, A Functional Perspective". Microscopy Today 3, nr 4 (maj 1995): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500063501.

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12

Shelud’ko, A. V., D. I. Mokeev, S. S. Evstigneeva, Yu A. Filip’echeva, A. M. Burov, L. P. Petrova, E. G. Ponomareva i E. I. Katsy. "Cell Ultrastructure in Azospirillum brasilense Biofilms". Microbiology 89, nr 1 (styczeń 2020): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0026261720010142.

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13

Kalashnikova, M. M., i O. V. Smirnova. "Cell ultrastructure in the pygmy shrew". Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 112, nr 3 (wrzesień 1991): 1358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00840629.

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14

Fu, Jun, Xing Liang, Shao An Wang, Li Tang i Ning Zhang. "Chromium Ions Induced Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in the MG63 Cell Lines". Key Engineering Materials 342-343 (lipiec 2007): 609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.342-343.609.

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The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that oxidative stress mediates chromium-induced cytotoxicity in MG63 cells and antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) can provide protection for osteoblasts against chromium-induced oxidative stress. We assessed the effects of chromium ions on cell viability, the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular ultrastructure in the presence or absence of NAC. A time- and concentrationdependent increased cytotoxicity, intracellular ROS generation was found and intracellular ultrastructure was damaged when cells were exposed to Cr+6. NAC afforded dose-dependent reduction to the cytotoxicity and level of cellular oxidative stress induced by Cr+6. Intracellular ultrastructural alterations were reduced by the NAC pretreatment, too. Cr+3 had no significantly negative influence in MG63 (5-20μM). Our results suggest that oxidative stress might be involved in Cr+6 induced cytotoxicity in osteoblasts. NAC can play a critical role against Cr+6- induced cytotoxicity. Cr+3 (5 -20μM) had no significant cytotoxicity in MG63 cells and cellular oxidative stress was not found, too.

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15

Noyes, Joseph, Manfred Sumper i Pete Vukusic. "Light manipulation in a marine diatom". Journal of Materials Research 23, nr 12 (grudzień 2008): 3229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0381.

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Diatoms are well known for the intricately patterned nanostructure of their silica-based cell walls. To date, the optical properties of diatom cell-wall ultrastructures have largely gone uncharacterized experimentally. Here we report the results of a detailed experimental investigation of the way in which light interacts with the ultrastructure of a representative centric diatom species,Coscinodiscus wailesii. Light interaction both with individual valves and whole bivalves of the diatomC. wailesiiwas measured. Significant sixfold symmetric diffraction through the valve ultrastructure was observed in transmission and quantified to efficiencies that were found to be strongly wavelength dependent; approximately 80% for red, 30% for green, and 20% for blue light. While these results may potentially offer insight into the role of periodic nanostructure in diatom selection, they are also important for consideration in the design of biomimetic optics-based diatom applications.

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16

MALTIN, C., i M. DELDAY. "Ultrastructure of incubated muscles". Cell Biology International Reports 10, nr 9 (wrzesień 1986): 699–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0309-1651(86)90127-x.

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17

Glińska, Sława, i Barbara Gabara. "Changes in the ultrastructure of meristematic root cells of Allium sativum L. treated with selenium". Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 69, nr 2 (2014): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2000.011.

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Ultrastructure of meristematic cells of garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em> L.) roots treated with sodium selenate and sodium selenite was assessed using transmission electron microscopy. Both selenium compounds applied at the concentrations: 80, 160 and 320 µM caused many malformations in the ultrastructure of mitochondria, plastids, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus such as deformation in shape and size, disturbances in inner membranes organization, appearance of concentric or parallel arrangement of ER cisternae. Moreover, in the presence of selenium, beside uneven thickening of cell wall, many vacuoles of different dimensions filled with wall-like material even in the vicinity of nucleus were visible. The latter results suggest that selenium not only intensified the synthesis of cell wall material but also inhibited the process of cell wall material deposition. The similarity of all observed ultrastructural changes in garlic root cells after selenium treatment with those appearing after action of other stress factors are discussed.

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18

Castro, María A., i Fidel A. Roig. "WOOD ULTRASTRUCTURE OF ANCIENT BURIED LOGS OF FITZROYA CUPRESSOlDES". IAWA Journal 28, nr 2 (2007): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001629.

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The anatomy and ultrastructure of subfossil wood of Fitzroya cupressoides from the late Pleistocene (>50,000 14C years before present) were compared with those of extant F. cupressoides trees from southern Chile, using light microscopy (polarized light and ftuorescence), scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy system, and transmission electron microscopy. The ancient wood showed an unchanged gross wood structure, loss of cell wall birefringence, loss of lignin autoftuorescence, and a loss of the original microfibrillar pattern. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicated higher than normal contents of S, Cl, and Na in subfossil wood. Ultrastructural modifications in the cell wall of the subfossil wood could have important implications for further studies involving isotopic and wood anatomical measurements of ancient wood.

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19

Bioulac-Sage, Paulette, Hervé Lamouliatte, Jean Saric, Jean Philippe Merlio i Charles Balabaud. "Ultrastructure of Sinusoidal Cells in a Benign Liver Cell Adenoma". Ultrastructural Pathology 10, nr 1 (styczeń 1986): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01913128609015562.

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20

Kitajima, Yasuo. "Introduction: Electron Microscopy for Fungal Cell Ultrastructure". Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi 39, nr 3 (1998): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3314/jjmm.39.121.

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21

Qin, P. C., Q. Y. Sun, J. H. Tan i Q. Z. Yang. "Ultrastructure of 8–16 cell ovine embryos". Theriogenology 41, nr 1 (styczeń 1994): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0093-691x(05)80190-6.

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22

Takeda, Yasunori. "Granular cell ameloblastic fibroma, ultrastructure and histogenesis". International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 15, nr 2 (kwiecień 1986): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-9785(86)80140-5.

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23

Brockhouse, Abbey C., Harry T. Horner, Tim F. Booth i Bryony C. Bonning. "Pericardial cell ultrastructure in the tobacco hornworm". International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 28, nr 4 (październik 1999): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7322(99)00029-x.

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24

Sun, C. N. "Ultrastructure of myoepithelial cell in parotid gland". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 46 (1988): 342–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100103772.

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Myoepithelial cells have been observed in the prostate, harderian, apocrine, exocrine sweat and mammary glands. Such cells and their numerous branching processes form basket-like structures around the glandular acini. Their shapes are quite different from structures seen either in spindleshaped smooth muscle cells or skeletal muscle cells. These myoepithelial cells lie on the epithelial side of the basement membrane in the glands. This presentation describes the ultrastructure of such myoepithelial cells which have been found also in the parotid gland carcinoma from a 45-year old patient.Specimens were cut into small pieces about 1 mm3 and immediately fixed in 4 percent glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer for two hours, then post-fixed in 1 percent buffered osmium tetroxide for 1 hour. After dehydration, tissues were embedded in Epon 812. Thin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Ultrastructurally, the pattern of each individual cell showed wide variations.

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25

Schellini, Silvana Artioli, Marcelo Crivellari Creppe, Elisa Aparecida Gregório i Carlos Roberto Padovani. "Lidocaine effects on corneal endothelial cell ultrastructure". Veterinary Ophthalmology 10, nr 4 (lipiec 2007): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2007.00545.x.

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Zhai, Shengcheng, Yoshiki Horikawa, Tomoya Imai i Junji Sugiyama. "Cell wall ultrastructure of palm leaf fibers". IAWA Journal 35, nr 2 (2014): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-00000054.

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The cell wall organization of leaf sheath fibers in different palm species was studied with polarized light microscopy (PLM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The secondary wall of the fibers consisted of only two layers, S1 and S2. The thickness of the S1 layer in leaf sheath fibers from the different palm species ranged from 0.31 to 0.90 μm, with a mean value of 0.57 μm, which was thicker than that of tracheids and fibers in secondary xylem of conifers and dicotyledons. The thickness of the S2 layer ranged from 0.44 to 3.43 μm, with a mean value of 1.86 μm. The ratio of S1 thickness to the whole cell wall thickness in palm fibers appears to be higher than in secondary xylem fibers and tracheids. The lignin in the fiber walls is very electron dense which makes it difficult to obtain high contrast of the different layers in the secondary wall. To clarify the cell wall layering with cellulose microfibrils in different orientations, the fibrovascular bundles of the windmill palm (Trachycarpus fortunei) were delignified with different reaction time intervals. The treated fibers were surveyed using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy analysis and TEM. The secondary fiber walls of windmill palm clearly showed only two layers at different reaction intervals with different lignin contents, even after almost all lignin was removed. We suggest that the two-layered structure in the secondary wall of palm leaf fibers, which presumably also applies to the homologous fibers in palm stems, is a specific character different from the fibers in other monocotyledons (such as bamboo and rattan) and dicot wood.

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27

Kerkis, A. Yu, i N. S. Zhdanova. "Formation and ultrastructure of somatic cell hybrids". Electron Microscopy Reviews 5, nr 1 (styczeń 1992): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0892-0354(92)90002-8.

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28

Pereda, Jaime, i Mario Coppo. "Ultrastructure of a two-cell human embryo". Anatomy and Embryology 177, nr 1 (listopad 1987): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00325292.

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29

Matthews, J. L. "Effect of calcitonin on bone cell ultrastructure". Bone and Mineral 16, nr 3 (marzec 1992): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-6009(92)90896-l.

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Tatarova, Zuzana, Dylan Blumberg, Jessica Riesterer, Claudia Lopez, Erin Stempinski, Gordon Mills, Lisa Coussens, Oliver Jonas i Joe Gray. "Ultrastructure of immunogenic cell death in vivo". Microscopy and Microanalysis 27, S1 (30.07.2021): 1390–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192762100516x.

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Kuo, John, i Joan G. Stewart. "Leaf anatomy and ultrastructure of the North American marine angiosperm Phyllospadix (Zosteraceae)". Canadian Journal of Botany 73, nr 6 (1.06.1995): 827–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-091.

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The leaf anatomy and ultrastructure of the North American Phyllospadix species P. serrulatus Rupt. ex Aschers., P. scouleri Hook, and P. torreyi Watson are described. The unique anatomical and ultrastructural features of these species are compared with those of other seagrasses and their possible functional significance is discussed. All three species have ultrastructures similar to those in other members of the family Zosteracae. Subcuticular cavities, wall ingrowths, and numerous mitochondria and chloroplasts with well-developed grana are present in the blade epidermal cells and the adaxial sheath epidermal cells, indicating that these cells may play a major role in photosynthesis, osmoregulation, and absorption. Plasmodesmata are present occasionally between adjacent epidermal cells, and also between epidermal and mesophyll cells, suggesting that solutes can be transferred symplastically between these tissues. The vascular bundle sheath cells are not easy to recognize, as cell walls are thin and not suberized. The phloem contains both normal and nacreous-walled sieve tubes that may be functional. The walls of the phloem parenchyma cells facing nacreous-walled sieve tubes possess weak wall ingrowths, leading to speculation that these parenchyma cells may play an important role in solute translocation. The absence of suberin lamella in bundle sheath cells and the presence of a small xylem element in each vascular bundle suggest that the water flow in xylem elements in these seagrasses may be limited and that water is taken directly from the water column by leaf epidermal cells and is transported apoplastically along cell walls. The three North American Phyllospadix species can be separated by anatomical characters such as number of vascular bundles, the shape of epidermal cells in both transverse sectional and surface views, and the distribution of fibre bundles. It is proposed that P. serrulatus is taxonomically more closely related to the Japanese P. iwatensis Makino than to P. scouleri and P. torreyi and that there is no detectable hybrid species occurring between P. scouleri and P. torreyi. Key words: anatomy, ultrastructure, seagrasses, Phyllospadix, North America.

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Svitkina, Tatyana M. "Ultrastructure of the actin cytoskeleton". Current Opinion in Cell Biology 54 (październik 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2018.02.007.

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Willingale-Theune, J., M. Schweiger, M. Hirsch-Kauffmann, A. E. Meek, M. Paulin-Levasseur i P. Traub. "Ultrastructure of Fanconi anemia fibroblasts". Journal of Cell Science 93, nr 4 (1.08.1989): 651–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.93.4.651.

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Employing indirect immunofluorescence and conventional electron microscopy, gross nuclear aberrations were observed in cultured interphase fibroblasts derived from a patient suffering from Fanconi's anemia (FA). Such aberrations were predominantly expressed in cells at high passages between 28 and 34. The structure of the nuclei appeared compound in nature, often consisting of two to three nuclear fragments connected to each other by thin nuclear bridges containing chromatin and nuclear lamin material. In other cases, the nuclei appeared lobed or budded but the cells did not contain distinct nuclear fragments. Chromatin was conspicuously absent from some nuclear lobes, revealing empty, cage-like structures comprising nuclear lamin material. Micronuclei were often abundant in the perinuclear cytoplasm but in some instances they appeared to be composed of chromatin lacking a delineating nuclear lamin matrix. Residual cytoskeletons examined by whole-mount electron microscopy revealed a network of intermediate filaments (IFs) within FA fibroblasts forming a bridge between the plasma membrane and the nucleus or its major fragments. In addition, there were thinner, 3–4 nm filaments connecting individual IFs with the surface of the nucleus. Micronuclei that were not connected to the main nuclear body, but which were delineated by a distinct lamina and possessed nuclear pores, did not appear to be anchored to the IF network. Multinuclearity, nuclear fragmentation, irregular chromatin distribution and inter-nuclear chromatin/lamin bridges might result from a failure in the redistribution of chromatin to sister nuclei, incomplete cytokinesis and proliferation of nuclear envelope material. These phenomena point to precocious aging of FA fibroblasts and may occur as a consequence of spontaneous damage to the sister chromatids or through the action of DNA-toxic agents.

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Tripathi, S., E. L. Boulpaep i A. B. Maunsbach. "Isolated perfused Ambystoma proximal tubule: hydrodynamics modulates ultrastructure". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 252, nr 6 (1.06.1987): F1129—F1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1987.252.6.f1129.

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A method using a pressure-sensing servo-pipette is described for measuring downstream transepithelial pressure within isolated renal tubules perfused at flow rates designed to keep luminal solution composition constant. The hydrodynamics of in vitro microperfusion of isolated proximal tubules of Ambystoma tigrinum was varied and different states of transepithelial hydrostatic pressure difference, axial tubule flow, and transepithelial transport were correlated with epithelial ultrastructure. Tubules analyzed by ultrastructural morphometry were as follows: unperfused with and without ouabain, perfused single-end cannulated with and without ouabain, and perfused double-end cannulated tubules incubated in substrate Ringer. The results indicate that proximal tubule fine structure is well preserved for more than 3 h in unperfused and perfused tubules. Small transepithelial hydrostatic pressure gradients (less than 162 Pa) increase tubule diameters and decrease cell height without changing volumes of the cells, lateral intercellular spaces (LIS), or the basal extracellular labyrinth (BEL). Pressure gradients of 271 Pa have no further effect on tubule diameters or cell height, but significantly reduce volumes of LIS and BEL. Transport inhibition and axial flow changes have minor structural effects. This study demonstrates a close dependence of tubule ultrastructure on hydrodynamic conditions and provides guidelines for optimizing the latter during perfusion of isolated renal tubules.

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Donaldson, L., i A. Frankland. "Ultrastructure of iodine treated wood". Holzforschung 58, nr 3 (12.05.2004): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2004.034.

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Abstract Iodine staining has been used to study the orientation of cellulose microfibrils in wood using light microscopy. The aim of this work was to understand the exact nature of the staining reaction with iodine and to provide insight into the properties and organisation of the wood cell wall. Based on transmission electron microscopy it is apparent that precipitation of the iodine following treatment with nitric acid results in the formation of crystal cavities within the cell wall, which follow the orientation of the cellulose microfibrils. There is no evidence that iodine precipitates within “drying checks” as previously speculated. High resolution confocal reflectance microscopy of crystal cavity orientation indicates that the microfibril arrangement within pit borders can be both spiral and circular. Crystal cavities are much more abundant within the S1 layer than elsewhere. All of the cells examined had crystal cavities in the S1 region, which may be related to the reduced lignification at the S1/S2 boundary resulting in greater porosity of the cell wall at this location. Within the S2 region, clusters of crystal cavities are randomly distributed and occur in widely varying numbers among adjacent cell walls, suggesting variations in the porosity of the S2 wall within and among adjacent tracheids. Cavities form preferentially within more electron lucent regions of the cell wall. The random nature of crystal cavity formation within S2 clusters probably reflects the underlying random nature of the cell wall nanostructure. We conclude that iodine staining can provide important clues to the nanostructural properties of tracheid cell walls.

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Kim, Jong Sik, i Geoffrey Daniel. "VARIATIONS IN CELL WALL ULTRASTRUCTURE AND CHEMISTRY IN CELL TYPES OF EARLYWOOD AND LATEWOOD IN ENGLISH OAK (QUERCUS ROBUR)". IAWA Journal 37, nr 3 (7.09.2016): 383–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-20160142.

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Although there is considerable information on anatomy and gross chemistry of oak wood, little is known on the ultrastructure and chemistry at the individual cell wall level. In particular, differences in ultrastructure and chemistry within the same cell type between earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) are poorly understood. This study investigated the ultrastructure and chemistry of (vasicentric) tracheids, vessels, (libriform) fibers and axial/ray parenchyma cells of English oak xylem (Quercus robur L.) using light-, fluorescence- and transmission electron microscopy combined with histo/cytochemistry and immunohisto/ cytochemistry. EW tracheids showed several differences from LW tracheids including thinner cell walls, wider middle lamella cell corner (MLcc) regions and lesser amounts of mannan epitopes. Fibers showed thicker cell walls and higher amounts of mannan epitopes than tracheids. EW vessels were rich in guaiacyl (G) lignin with a characteristic non-layered cell wall organization (absence of S1–3 layers), whereas LW vessels were rich in syringyl (S) lignin with a three layered cell wall structure (S1–3 layers). Formation of a highly lignified and wide protective layer (PL) inside axial/ray parenchyma cells was detected only in EW. Distribution of mannan epitopes varied greatly between cell types and between EW and LW, whereas distribution of xylan epitopes was almost identical in all cell types within a growth ring. Together, this study demonstrates that there are great variations in ultrastructure and chemistry of cell walls within a single growth ring of English oak xylem.

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Singh, Adya P., Yoon Soo Kim i Ramesh R. Chavan. "Relationship of wood cell wall ultrastructure to bacterial degradation of wood". IAWA Journal 40, nr 4 (16.11.2019): 845–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-40190250.

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ABSTRACT This review presents information on the relationship of ultrastructure and composition of wood cell walls, in order to understand how wood degrading bacteria utilise cell wall components for their nutrition. A brief outline of the structure and composition of plant cell walls and the degradation patterns associated with bacterial degradation of wood cell walls precedes the description of the relationship of cell wall micro- and ultrastructure to bacterial degradation of the cell wall. The main topics covered are cell wall structure and composition, patterns of cell wall degradation by erosion and tunnelling bacteria, and the relationship of cell wall ultrastructure and composition to wood degradation by erosion and tunnelling bacteria. Finally, pertinent information from select recent studies employing molecular approaches to identify bacteria which can degrade lignin and other wood cell wall components is presented, and prospects for future investigations on wood degrading bacteria are explored.

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Tamatani, R., Y. Taniguchi i Y. Kawarai. "Ultrastructural study of proliferating cells with an improved immunocytochemical detection of DNA-incorporated bromodeoxyuridine." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 43, nr 1 (styczeń 1995): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/43.1.7822760.

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We designed an improved method to observe proliferating cells with well-preserved ultrastructure. After IP injection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) into rats, the pituitaries were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde with 0.05% or 0.2% glutaraldehyde and post-fixed with ferrocyanide-reduced osmium. They were embedded in LR White and polymerized by heat. BrdU incorporated into DNA was detected with a commercial anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody (MAb) by the immunogold or the immunogold-silver staining method. Using these methods, proliferating cells labeled by BrdU were observed with well-preserved ultrastructure. By light microscopy, the number of labeled cells was almost the same regardless of the fixative used. By electron microscopy, localization of gold particles that indicate incorporated BrdU varied according to the cells and was mainly observed in two patterns, one in which gold particles were localized in condensed chromatin scattered in the nucleus and the other in which gold particles were dispersed evenly all over the nucleus. These results showed that with our improved method fine ultrastructure and good immunoreactivity of BrdU can be obtained in proliferating cells. We consider that this method is very useful for ultrastructural study of cell proliferation and differentiation.

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Wang, Liang, Ziyi Yan, Helena Vihinen, Ove Eriksson, Weihuan Wang, Rabah Soliymani, Yao Lu i in. "FAM92A1 is a BAR domain protein required for mitochondrial ultrastructure and function". Journal of Cell Biology 218, nr 1 (7.11.2018): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201806191.

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Mitochondrial function is closely linked to its dynamic membrane ultrastructure. The mitochondrial inner membrane (MIM) can form extensive membrane invaginations known as cristae, which contain the respiratory chain and ATP synthase for oxidative phosphorylation. The molecular mechanisms regulating mitochondrial ultrastructure remain poorly understood. The Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain proteins are central regulators of diverse cellular processes related to membrane remodeling and dynamics. Whether BAR domain proteins are involved in sculpting membranes in specific submitochondrial compartments is largely unknown. In this study, we report FAM92A1 as a novel BAR domain protein localizes to the matrix side of the MIM. Loss of FAM92A1 caused a severe disruption to mitochondrial morphology and ultrastructure, impairing organelle bioenergetics. Furthermore, FAM92A1 displayed a membrane-remodeling activity in vitro, inducing a high degree of membrane curvature. Collectively, our findings uncover a role for a BAR domain protein as a critical organizer of the mitochondrial ultrastructure that is indispensable for mitochondrial function.

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Blumentritt, Melanie, Douglas J. Gardner, Barbara J. W. Cole i Stephen M. Shaler. "Influence of hot-water extraction on ultrastructure and distribution of glucomannans and xylans in poplar xylem as detected by gold immunolabeling". Holzforschung 70, nr 3 (1.03.2016): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2015-0030.

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Abstract Pre-extraction of hemicelluloses from lignocellulosic feedstock has been a research focus during the last decade within the context of lignocellulosic biorefineries. In this study, the effect of hot-water extraction (HWE) on the topochemistry and ultrastructure of poplar wood (Populus sp.) was investigated based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) paired with immunogold labeling of the hemicelluloses. The cell walls of HWE wood (HWEW) differ significantly in their ultrastructure from neat wood, i.e., there are many distorted cells and agglomerations of lignin and extractives agglomerations in the cell lumina. Results of immunogold labeling indicate that different types of hemicelluloses are extracted at different stages and both their concentration and distribution within the wood cell wall layers are affected by the HWE. Hemicelluloses more closely associated with lignin appear to be more easily removed by HWE. Lignins are also extracted partially and altered. Results provide a holistic view of chemical and ultrastructural changes including the associated changes in hemicelluloses and lignin distribution in HWEW. The obtained data could be helpful to understand better the mechanical properties and adhesion related issues of HWEW for wood composite production.

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Fu, Ting, Yunxia Xue, Chaoyong Xia, Yabing Yang, Peng Liu, Jun Liu, Wanyu Zhang i in. "Merkel-like cells in the murine conjunctival stroma". F1000Research 2 (20.11.2013): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.2-251.v1.

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Merkel cells, discovered by Friedrich Sigmund Merkel in 1875, are found in multiple regions of the skin and some mucosa and make contact with specialized nerve fibers, participating in the perception of touch. However, Merkel cells have thus far not been described on the ocular surface. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution and ultrastructure of Merkel cells on the ocular surface and study changes in their number and ultrastructure after corneal epithelial wounding. Entire mouse ocular surfaces were obtained and stained by antibodies and tracking dye on fixed whole-mount specimens. The distribution and ultrastructure of specific fluorescence-positive cells were analyzed using deconvolution microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The corneal epithelial wound-healing model was employed to observe the ultrastructural changes of these CK8-positive cells. We found that CK8-positive cells and FM1-43-positive cells were mainly located in the stromal layer, but not in the epithelial basal layer, of the forniceal conjunctiva. Our TEM results indicate that these cells possess the unique characteristic structures of Merkel cells, including electron-dense membrane-surrounded granules and spine-like protrusions of variable lengths, and demonstrate the formation of Merkel cell-neurite complexes. After corneal epithelial wounding, these cells exhibited rapid cell shrinkage and nuclear lobulation. Thus, Merkel-like cells were found in the conjunctival stroma of the ocular surface and may play an important role in maintaining the normal physiological function of the ocular surface.

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Lea, P. J., R. J. Temkin, T. Banoub, M. Silverman i M. J. Hollenberg. "Investigation of the tridimensional ultrastructure of rat glomerular capillary endothelium by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, nr 3 (12.08.1990): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100157681.

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The principal applications of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to renal ultrastructure have been in the study of the surface topography of various kidney cell types and their orientation and distribution in both health and disease. SEM study, however, has been limited in a major way by a lack of resolution sufficient to readily examine in detail and in three dimensions such features as glomerular basement membrane substructure and the structural organization at high magnification of the glomerular, capillary endothelium. Consequently, most of our current information about the 3D ultrastructure of rat kidney glomerulus has been obtained from transmission electron (TEM) micrographs obtained from thin sections cut at various planes followed by computer assisted, serial reconstructions. Recent advances in specimen preparation techniques and scanning electron microscope design have permitted ultrastructural examination of the glomerular capillary wall in three dimensions using high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM). Specimens in which the cytosol and cytoskeleton have been extracted, but cell membranes nuclear structures and organelles left in place, were studied using a Hitachi SEM with a resolution of approximately 3 nm.

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Patil, Tejas T., Pradnya K. Kowtal, Abhijeet Nikam, Madan S. Barkume, Asawari Patil, Shubhada V. Kane, Aarti S. Juvekar, Manoj B. Mahimkar i Jyoti J. Kayal. "Establishment of a Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line from Indian Gutka Chewer". Journal of Oral Oncology 2014 (15.05.2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/286013.

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CD cell line has been established from a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of tongue. This is a first ever cell line established from an Indian gutka chewer. Cell line was characterized for morphology, ultrastructure, doubling time, expression of epithelial markers, DNA content, karyotyping, STR markers, p53 mutations, HPV status, and tumorigenicity in SCID mice with all-trans-retinoic acid and cisplatin. The epithelial phenotype of the cell line was confirmed with surface markers and ultrastructure. The cell line is hyperploid with chromosomal alterations like gain of chromosomes 8q and 11q. CD cell line shows a unique pattern on STR genotyping and carries a missense mutation R273C in TP53. It does not show genomic integration of HPV. The cells are nontumorigenic to SCID mice and show growth inhibition upon treatment with cisplatin, and all-trans-retinoic acid. This cell line may be useful as an in vitro tool to understand the molecular changes associated with oral cancers.

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Popov, Vsevolod L., Robert B. Tesh, Scott C. Weaver i Nikos Vasilakis. "Electron Microscopy in Discovery of Novel and Emerging Viruses from the Collection of the World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses (WRCEVA)". Viruses 11, nr 5 (25.05.2019): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11050477.

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Since the beginning of modern virology in the 1950s, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been an important and widely used technique for discovery, identification and characterization of new viruses. Using TEM, viruses can be differentiated by their ultrastructure: shape, size, intracellular location and for some viruses, by the ultrastructural cytopathic effects and/or specific structures forming in the host cell during their replication. Ultrastructural characteristics are usually sufficient for the identification of a virus to the family level. In this review, we summarize 25 years of experience in identification of novel viruses from the collection of the World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses (WRCEVA).

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Mackay, Bruce, Nelson G. Ordóñez, Jila Khoursand i James L. Bennington. "The Ultrastructure and Immunocytochemistry of Renal Cell Carcinoma". Ultrastructural Pathology 11, nr 5-6 (styczeń 1987): 483–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01913128709048445.

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Sun, C. N. "Ultrastructure of giant cell tumor of the lung". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 45 (sierpień 1987): 852–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100128547.

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Multinucleated giant cells resembling osteoblasts seen in giant-cell tumors of bone have been described in the thyroid gland, and pancreas. However, a giant cell tumor of the lung with osteoblast-like cells is rare. The present report will describe ultrastructural aspects and histiogenesis of this type of lung tumor.A 58-year old white male patient was noted by chest x-ray to have a mass in the right lower lobe of the lung. Segmental resection of the superior segment was performed revealing a nodular neoplastic lesion of 3.5 cm in diameter located 4.3 cm from the bronchial resection margin. For EM preparation, the tissue samples were immediately fixed in 4 percent phosphate-buffered glutaraldehyde and postfixed 1 hr with 1 percent osmium tetroxide in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2), dehydrated in ethanol and embedded in Epon 812. The tumor presented a sheet-like growth pattern without evidence of encapsulation.

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Ulivieri, C. "Cell death: Insights into the ultrastructure of mitochondria". Tissue and Cell 42, nr 6 (grudzień 2010): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tice.2010.10.004.

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Klepacki, Karel J., Joseph L. Scott i Sharon T. Broadwater. "Ultrastructure of cell division inAgardhiella subulata(Gigartinales, Rhodophyta)". European Journal of Phycology 30, nr 3 (sierpień 1995): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670269500650941.

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Barreto-Vieira, Debora Ferreira, Ortrud Monika Barth, Marcos Alexandre Nunes da Silva, Carolina Cardoso Santos, Aline da Silva Santos, Joaquim Batista F Filho i Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis. "Ultrastructure of Zika virus particles in cell cultures". Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 111, nr 8 (11.07.2016): 532–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760160104.

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Takabe, Keiji. "Formation and Ultrastructure of Cell Wall in Wood". JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 71, nr 10 (2017): 1107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.71.1107.

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