Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Caterpillars

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Caterpillars”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Caterpillars"

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Bourne, Mitchel E., Gabriele Gloder, Berhane T. Weldegergis, Marijn Slingerland, Andrea Ceribelli, Sam Crauwels, Bart Lievens, Hans Jacquemyn, Marcel Dicke i Erik H. Poelman. "Parasitism causes changes in caterpillar odours and associated bacterial communities with consequences for host-location by a hyperparasitoid". PLOS Pathogens 19, nr 3 (22.03.2023): e1011262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011262.

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Microorganisms living in and on macroorganisms may produce microbial volatile compounds (mVOCs) that characterise organismal odours. The mVOCs might thereby provide a reliable cue to carnivorous enemies in locating their host or prey. Parasitism by parasitoid wasps might alter the microbiome of their caterpillar host, affecting organismal odours and interactions with insects of higher trophic levels such as hyperparasitoids. Hyperparasitoids parasitise larvae or pupae of parasitoids, which are often concealed or inconspicuous. Odours of parasitised caterpillars aid them to locate their host, but the origin of these odours and its relationship to the caterpillar microbiome are unknown. Here, we analysed the odours and microbiome of the large cabbage white caterpillar Pieris brassicae in relation to parasitism by its endoparasitoid Cotesia glomerata. We identified how bacterial presence in and on the caterpillars is correlated with caterpillar odours and tested the attractiveness of parasitised and unparasitised caterpillars to the hyperparasitoid Baryscapus galactopus. We manipulated the presence of the external microbiome and the transient internal microbiome of caterpillars to identify the microbial origin of odours. We found that parasitism by C. glomerata led to the production of five characteristic volatile products and significantly affected the internal and external microbiome of the caterpillar, which were both found to have a significant correlation with caterpillar odours. The preference of the hyperparasitoid was correlated with the presence of the external microbiome. Likely, the changes in external microbiome and body odour after parasitism were driven by the resident internal microbiome of caterpillars, where the bacterium Wolbachia sp. was only present after parasitism. Micro-injection of Wolbachia in unparasitised caterpillars increased hyperparasitoid attraction to the caterpillars compared to untreated caterpillars, while no differences were found compared to parasitised caterpillars. In conclusion, our results indicate that host-parasite interactions can affect multi-trophic interactions and hyperparasitoid olfaction through alterations of the microbiome.
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Witwicka, Alicja, Danuta Frydryszak, Andrzej Antoł i Marcin Czarnoleski. "Effects of habitat, leaf damage and leaf rolling on the predation risk of caterpillars in the tropical rain forest of Borneo". Journal of Tropical Ecology 35, nr 5 (11.07.2019): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467419000191.

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AbstractAddressing what affects predation among caterpillars, we conducted an experiment in a Bornean rain forest on 212 clay models of Tortricidae caterpillars (the herbivore) and 53 trees of Kopsia pauciflora (the host), located either in the open or under closed canopies. We predicted that the frequency of predatory attacks towards caterpillars increases (1) in canopy gaps and (2) on leaves damaged by herbivory, but (3) decreases among caterpillars that wrap their body in leaves. Each plant with caterpillar models was consecutively allocated to one of four treatments: caterpillars artificially rolled in leaves vs caterpillars on unrolled leaves, and caterpillars on artificially damaged vs undamaged leaves. Each time, caterpillar models were placed on the plants for 48 h, and then replaced with new models that were subjected to a new treatment. On average, our caterpillar models had a 21% chance of being attacked per 24 h. More attacks were performed by insects (81.6%) than birds. The attack frequency did not depend on the canopy cover or on leaf damage, but decreased among models rolled in leaves. This pattern was mainly attributable to insect attacks, which were also more frequent than bird attacks. Overall, the Tortricidae caterpillars seem to suffer comparable predation rates in the open and under closed canopies irrespective of the herbivory damage of leaves, but their leaf-rolling behaviour might reduce predation.
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Nikolov, Georgi, Yana Kandova, Bogdan Petrunov, Plamen Mirchev i Georgi Georgiev. "Skin reactions to allergens from processionary caterpillars (genus Thaumetopoea)". PROBLEMS of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases 48, nr 2 (15.10.2020): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.58395/pipd.v48i2.34.

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Background: Moths of the genus Thaumetopoea are widespread pests in the coniferous and deciduous forests in Bulgaria. Contact with the caterpillars, larval form of different Thaumetopoea species, causes a series of complaints in humans: mainly contact dermatitis (erucism), but also IgE-mediated allergic reactions. The aim of the present pilot study is to investigate the skin reaction after prick tests with allergens from different Thaumetopoea species in a group of people who have frequent contacts with the processionary caterpillars. Material and methods: A group of 42 subjects were surveyed - 37 men and 5 women between the ages of 18 and 87. Specific sensitization to caterpillars of three Thaumetopoea species: Thaumetopoea pityocampa (pine processionary); Thaumetopoea processionea (oak processionary) and Thaumetopoea solitaria (pistachio processionary) was assessed by allergy skin prick tests (SPT) with specially designed caterpillar allergens. Results: Positive allergy skin tests to one or more caterpillar’s allergens were measured in 18 (43%) participants. A simultaneous test with the three allergens from the different Thaumetopoea species showed that in 5 (31%) of the cases, skin hypersensitivity only to allergen from T. pityocampa was present. Monosensitization to T. processionea observed in 2 (12%). The rest 9 (57%) participants with positive skin test show different profiles of polysensitization to Thaumetopoea allergens under study. Conclusions: The evaluation of skin reactivity after SPT with different caterpillar’s allergens outlined the important role of processionary allergens, especially this from T. pityocampa, in the development of IgE-mediated allergic complaints in different groups of forestry professionals. In view of these results, it seems that IgE-mediated hypersensitivity allergic reactions to Thaumetopoea caterpillars are at least as important as those with no allergic mechanism.
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Hammer, Tobin J., Daniel H. Janzen, Winnie Hallwachs, Samuel P. Jaffe i Noah Fierer. "Caterpillars lack a resident gut microbiome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, nr 36 (22.08.2017): 9641–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707186114.

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Many animals are inhabited by microbial symbionts that influence their hosts’ development, physiology, ecological interactions, and evolutionary diversification. However, firm evidence for the existence and functional importance of resident microbiomes in larval Lepidoptera (caterpillars) is lacking, despite the fact that these insects are enormously diverse, major agricultural pests, and dominant herbivores in many ecosystems. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR, we characterized the gut microbiomes of wild leaf-feeding caterpillars in the United States and Costa Rica, representing 124 species from 15 families. Compared with other insects and vertebrates assayed using the same methods, the microbes that we detected in caterpillar guts were unusually low-density and variable among individuals. Furthermore, the abundance and composition of leaf-associated microbes were reflected in the feces of caterpillars consuming the same plants. Thus, microbes ingested with food are present (although possibly dead or dormant) in the caterpillar gut, but host-specific, resident symbionts are largely absent. To test whether transient microbes might still contribute to feeding and development, we conducted an experiment on field-collected caterpillars of the model speciesManduca sexta. Antibiotic suppression of gut bacterial activity did not significantly affect caterpillar weight gain, development, or survival. The high pH, simple gut structure, and fast transit times that typify caterpillar digestive physiology may prevent microbial colonization. Moreover, host-encoded digestive and detoxification mechanisms likely render microbes unnecessary for caterpillar herbivory. Caterpillars illustrate the potential ecological and evolutionary benefits of independence from symbionts, a lifestyle that may be widespread among animals.
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Connahs, Heidi, Annette Aiello, Sunshine Van Bael i Genoveva Rodríguez-Castañeda. "Caterpillar abundance and parasitism in a seasonally dry versus wet tropical forest of Panama". Journal of Tropical Ecology 27, nr 1 (17.12.2010): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467410000568.

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Abstract:Rainfall seasonality can strongly influence biotic interactions by affecting host plant quality, and thus potentially regulating herbivore exposure to natural enemies. Plant defences are predicted to increase from dry to wet forests, rendering wet-forest caterpillars more vulnerable to parasitoids due to the slow-growth-high-mortality hypothesis. We collected and reared caterpillars from the understorey and trail edges of a wet forest and a seasonally dry forest to determine whether wet-forest caterpillars suffered a higher prevalence of parasitism and were less abundant than dry-forest caterpillars. In the two forests, caterpillar abundances (on average 8 h−1) and prevalence of parasitism (18%) were very similar regardless of feeding niche for both parasitism (27% versus 29% in shelter builders, and 16% versus 11% in external feeders) and caterpillar abundances (shelter builders: 1.42 versus 2.39, and external feeders: 8.27 versus 5.49 caterpillars h−1) in the dry and wet forests, respectively. A similar comparative analysis conducted in the canopy and understorey of the dry forest revealed a higher prevalence of parasitism in the canopy (43%) despite caterpillar densities similar to those in the understorey. Overall, shelter builders suffered higher parasitism than external feeders (32% versus 14.9%), and were attacked primarily by flies, whereas external feeders were more vulnerable to attack by parasitoid wasps.
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Amo, Luisa, Marcel Dicke i Marcel E. Visser. "Are naïve birds attracted to herbivore-induced plant defences?" Behaviour 153, nr 3 (2016): 353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003345.

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Arthropod herbivory induces the emission of plant volatiles that can be used by natural enemies of the herbivores to find their prey. Recently it has been shown that insectivorous birds also use these volatiles to locate their prey. Results of a previous study showed that birds with experience in foraging for caterpillars in trees were able to discriminate between caterpillar-infested and uninfested trees, even in the absence of caterpillars or their damage on leaves. Here, we tested whether the attraction to caterpillar-infested trees is exhibited in birds naïve with respect to finding caterpillars on trees. Results show that naïve great tits (Parus major) were not attracted to infested trees, when they could not see the larvae or their feeding damage. Naïve birds cannot discriminate between caterpillar-infested and uninfested trees. Therefore, the attraction to caterpillar-infested trees does not seem to be innate in great tits, and may be acquired through learning.
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Dussourd, David E. "Salivary surprise: Symmerista caterpillars anoint petioles with red saliva after clipping leaves". PLOS ONE 17, nr 3 (16.03.2022): e0265490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265490.

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After feeding on a tree leaf, caterpillars in ten families sever the petiole and allow the remaining leaf fragment to fall to the ground. Previous researchers proposed that the caterpillars thereby reduced bird predation by eliminating visual evidence of feeding. In this study, 26 species of caterpillars in five families were filmed clipping leaves. Caterpillar behavior did not conform to the visual cue hypothesis. Some caterpillars clipped midribs and petioles repeatedly even though a single clip would suffice to reduce visual cues for birds. Every caterpillar that clipped a leaf rubbed its spinneret (which secretes saliva from the labial glands) over the petiole or midrib stub. In the notodontids Symmerista albifrons and S. leucitys, petiole stubs were bathed in red fluid. Cauterizing the spinneret eliminated fluid application. Dissections documented that the anterior portion of their labial glands contained red pigment, thereby confirming that the red secretion is saliva. When applied to petiole stubs, the red pigment in Symmerista saliva travelled several mm in five minutes within the petiole xylem demonstrating the potential for rapid movement of salivary constituents into the plant. In diverse caterpillars, including species that clip leaves, saliva contains substances reported to suppress plant defenses. Thus, leaf clipping likely functions primarily not to remove visual cues, but to introduce salivary constituents into the plant that prevent defenses from being mobilized in nearby leaves where the caterpillar feeds next.
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Myers, Judith H. "EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION OF THE PHENOLOGY OF EGG HATCH IN CYCLIC POPULATIONS OF TENT CATERPILLARS". Canadian Entomologist 124, nr 4 (sierpień 1992): 737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent124737-4.

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AbstractEggs of western tent caterpillars hatch just as leaves of their food plants are developing. To determine the impact of asynchrony between leaf development and egg hatch during a year of peak density and the initiation of decline, egg masses were introduced to four study areas after the time of normal egg hatching. Survival of caterpillars was not significantly influenced by delays of 3–6 weeks in hatching. Populations composed primarily of introduced insects and control populations declined following the summer of the experiment. Although hatching of deployed eggs was delayed, caterpillar development during warmer temperatures later in the spring was sufficiently rapid that caterpillars from all groups reached the fifth instar by mid-June, and parasitization of caterpillars from control and experimental areas was similar. Tent caterpillar survival was apparently resilient to substantial delays in egg hatch which suggests that cyclic population declines are not likely to be associated with minor variation in the synchrony of leaf development and egg hatch.
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Fitzgerald, T. D., i F. X. Webster. "Identification and behavioral assays of the trail pheromone of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hübner (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, nr 8 (1.08.1993): 1511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-213.

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Behavioral assays show that the steroid 5β-cholestan-3-one, isolated from the abdomen of the larva of the forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria), constitutes the chemical basis of trail following in this insect. Caterpillars follow artificial trails prepared from solvent dilutions of the compound at rates as low as 10−11 g∙mm−11 of trail, though the true threshold sensitivity is likely to be one or two orders of magnitude lower than this. Fourth-instar caterpillars store an average of 58 ng of the pheromone. Field and laboratory studies indicate that the compound is fully competitive with their authentic trails. The caterpillars are highly sensitive to differences in the concentration of the pheromone, preferring stronger trails to weaker trails. The caterpillars also respond to 5β-cholestane-3,24-dione, a chemical not found in M. disstria but known to be a component of the trail pheromone of the eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum.
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Greyson-Gaito, Christopher J., Matthew A. Barbour, Mariano A. Rodriguez-Cabal, Gregory M. Crutsinger i Gregory H. R. Henry. "Freedom to move: Arctic caterpillar (Lepidoptera) growth rate increases with access to new willows (Salicaceae)". Canadian Entomologist 148, nr 6 (29.04.2016): 673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2016.22.

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AbstractMovement between host plants during the growing season is a common behaviour among insect herbivores, although the mechanisms promoting these movements are poorly understood for many systems. Two possible reasons why insect herbivores relocate include compensating for host plant quantity and/or quality changes and the avoidance of natural enemies. The Arctic caterpillar (Gynaephora groenlandica (Wocke); Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) moves several metres each day, feeds on its patchily distributed host plant, Arctic willow (Salix arctica Pallas; Salicaceae), and has two main natural enemies, the parasitoids Exorista thula Wood (Diptera: Tachinidae) and Hyposoter diechmanni (Nielsen) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). We physically moved caterpillars between Arctic willows and restricted other caterpillar individuals each to a single willow throughout the active period of Arctic caterpillars. We found that growth rate, herbivory rate, and the proportion of available leaf fascicles eaten were higher for experimentally moved caterpillars. Parasitoid abundances were low and did not differ between experimentally moved and stationary caterpillars. Taken together, our study addresses the bottom–up and top–down controls on insect herbivore movement during the short duration of the growing season in the Arctic. Our results suggest that caterpillars are likely moving to new willow shrubs to access high quality resources.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Caterpillars"

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Turna, Michael T. "Extraction of a phagostimulant and classification of the feeding recognition template for larvae of the moth Malacosoma americanum". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.

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DeGomez, Tom. "Tent Caterpillars in Northern Arizona above 6000 Foot Elevations". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144786.

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This publication provides information and describes tent caterpillars in Northern Arizona. The feeding habits, life cycle of scales and their management/control methods are described in detail here.
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Khosravani, Masoud. "Searching for optimal caterpillars in general and bounded treewidth graphs". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/8360.

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In this thesis we are interested in optimization problems on caterpillar trees. A caterpillar is a tree with this property that if one removes its leaves only a path is left. The majority of this thesis is devoted to studying the Minimum Spanning Caterpillar Problem (MSCP). An instance of the MSCP is a graph with dual costs over its edges. In the MSCP our goal is to find a caterpillar tree that spans the input graph with the smallest overall cost. The cost of the caterpillar is the sum of the cost of its edges, where each edge takes one of two costs based on its role as a leaf edge or an internal one. We first show that the problem of finding a spanning caterpillar in a graph is NP-complete. As another result on the hardness of the MSCP, we show that there is no f (n)-approximation algorithm for the MSCP unless P = NP. Here f (n) is any polynomial-time computable function of n, the number of nodes of a graph. Then we introduce a quadratic integer programming formulation for the MSCP. By using the Gomory cutting method iteratively, we show that one can find a near optimal solution. We then show that our integer programming formulation can be transformed to a semi-definite programming problem. A parametrized algorithm that finds an optimal solution for the MSCP in bounded treewidth graphs is given in Chapter 4. Our algorithm is fast and practical for outer-planar, series parallel, Halin graphs and other graphs with small treewidth.
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Parnell, Robin Stewart. "Environmentally Induced Color Polymorphism in Caterpillars of Biston betulavia lognataria". W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625731.

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Hunter, M. "Interactions between phytophagous insects on the pendunculate oak". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233562.

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Silow, Carl Axel. "Edible and other insects of mid-western Zambia studies in ethno-entomology /". Uppsala : Institutionen för allmän och jämförande etnografi vid Uppsala universitet, 2021. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/2440377.html.

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Eacock, A. "Extraocular photoreception and colour plasticity in caterpillars of the peppered moth, Biston betularia". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3022296/.

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Visual camouflage is a textbook example of natural selection, and a widespread strategy used by both predators and prey to avoid detection. Background matching, where the animal resembles the colour, brightness, and/ or pattern of the surrounding visual background is a common form of visual camouflage, and can occur through genetic polymorphism, behavioural background choice, or dynamic colour change. Dynamic colour change can occur very rapidly (milliseconds) or gradually, sometimes taking weeks to complete. Visual cues such as colour, brightness, and pattern, have been shown to elicit colour change, and in some colour-changing animals visual cues are sensed outside of the eye using extraocular photoreceptors (EOPs). Colour change research has been focused predominantly on rapid, chromatophore-based colour change, as observed in cephalopods. In contrast, little is known about the physiology and evolutionary origins of gradual colour change. To avoid predation in a wide range of environments, caterpillars of the peppered moth (Biston betularia) masquerade as twigs and gradually change colour to match them. This thesis investigates the colour-changing response in B. betularia larvae: the shape of the reaction norm to colour and brightness gradients; the use and molecular basis of extraocular photoreception; and whether B. betularia alter resting behaviour to maximise concealment. Through a series of artificial twig experiments, I found that B. betularia larvae respond to both colour and luminance cues to produce a continuous range of phenotypes, rather than being restricted to a brown/green polyphenism as previously reported. To test for the possibility of extraocular photoreception, I occluded the eyes (ocelli) of groups of larvae and compared responses to colour and luminance with non-blindfolded control larvae. There was no difference in the colour-changing response of blindfolded larvae compared to controls, and blindfolded larvae also rested on colours that better matched their own colour to the same extent as non-blindfolded controls. I next examined the potential for visual machinery in the larval dermis, finding expression of a suite of visual genes throughout dermal tissue in B. betularia larvae and adults. In larvae, this expression was generally much higher relative to head tissue than found for adults. This finding corroborates the morphological and behavioural evidence for dermal photoreceptors in B. betularia larvae. The final chapter is an attempt to examine the exclusivity of extraocular photoreception in B. betularia, and its evolutionary origins, through tissue-specific measurement of opsin expression in larvae and adults of a phylogenetically broad sample of Lepidoptera. Dermal opsin expression was found in other species, but depended on the gene (UV, blue, LW1, LW2) and developmental stage. Phylogenetic signal was found only for expression of LW1 in larvae, and LW2 in adults. Larval colouration strategy between species also appears to affect dermal opsin expression. The thesis provides strong evidence for a novel physiological phenomenon: extraocular colour photoreception in the dermis of an insect, used to mediate colour change and behavioural background choice. The observation that dermal opsin expression occurs in several other species suggests that EOPs may be widespread in the Lepidoptera. Future work should be directed at the challenging task of understanding the mechanism underlying this class of EOPs, and characterising their functional roles in other species.
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Low, Petah Alexandra. "The ecology and behaviour of eucalypt-feeding caterpillars in response to predation risk". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15898.

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It was traditionally assumed that predator effects were lethally transmitted, however there is now increasing evidence of the importance of their non-consumptive effects. I outline a conceptual framework that integrates both the consumptive and non-consumptive pathways for predator effects on insect herbivores. Using this framework, I aimed to improve our understanding of predator effects on insect herbivores in the Eucalyptus system. First I investigated how the plant traits- leaf age and location- affect predation risk, and also whether this risk varied with type of predator. I found no evidence for a difference in risk. I then manipulated head capsule stacks on Uraba lugens larvae to investigate their putative defensive function. I found that the retention of moulted head capsules provides some protection against natural enemies by serving as a false target as well as a weapon to fend off attackers. Next I investigated the behavioural responses of caterpillars to variation in a direct physical cue of predation risk, non-lethal predator attacks varying in location and frequency. I found that the type and extent of response varied according to the location and frequency of attack, suggesting that these caterpillars have the capacity to distinguish different levels of risk. I also investigated how both the behaviour and physiology of caterpillars are influenced by multiple cues of predation risk. I found that the direct physical cue invoked both short term behavioural responses and long-term physiological ones, while the indirect chemical cue invoked only short-term physiological responses. Finally my thesis also addressed a number of methodological aims regarding the use of model prey. I confirmed the validity of models as surrogates for real prey in a field setting. I also collated a comprehensive reference collection of attack marks and established guidelines for identifying predators responsible for attacks on models.
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Queiroz, Maíra dos Santos [UNESP]. "Avaliação da resistência de cultivares de amendoim de hábitos de crescimento ereto e rasteiro a Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98739.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a resistência de cultivares de amendoim a Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). O trabalho foi dividido em duas etapas, sendo que na primeira avaliou-se a atratividade e a não-preferência alimentar, com e sem chance de escolha, de lagartas recém-eclodidas em folhas de sete cultivares de amendoim. Utilizaram-se cultivares de amendoim de hábitos de crescimento ereto (IAC Tupã, Iapar 25 (Tição) e IAC-Tatú-ST) e rasteiro (IAC 505, IAC-Caiapó, IAC Runner 886 e Cavalo Amarelo). No teste de atratividade utilizou-se um sistema de arena em placas de Petri com 20 cm de diâmetro e com dez repetições. Para cada repetição (arena) foram liberadas 20 lagartas recém- eclodidas de S. frugiperda, avaliando o número total de lagartas atraídas pelos discos foliares dos cultivares aos 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 e 60 minutos. Para a avaliação de não-preferência alimentar, no teste com chance de escolha, os procedimentos e os cultivares utilizados foram os mesmos adotados no teste de atratividade. No teste, sem chance de escolha, os cultivares foram individualizados em placas de Petri de 6,0 cm de diâmetro e seu interior foram liberadas 20 lagartas recém-eclodidas por repetição, com 10 repetições. Na avaliação, contou-se o número total de lagartas que estavam se alimentando nos discos foliares dos cultivares após 24 horas da liberação. Na segunda etapa foi realizado estudos da biologia de S. frugiperda em seis cultivares de amendoim. As lagartas recém-eclodidas foram alimentadas com folhas dos seguintes cultivares: IAC-Caiapó, Runner IAC 886 e IAC 505 (hábitos de crescimento rasteiro), e Iapar 25 (Tição), IAC-Tatú-ST e IAC Tupã (de hábitos de crescimento ereto). Assim, 30 lagartas por cultivar, provenientes de ovos obtidos em laboratório, foram mantidas em placas de Petri...
This study aimed to study the resistance of peanut cultivars to Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). The study was divided into two parts: in the first we evaluated, in free-choice and no-choice tests, the attractiveness and non- preference for feeding of newly-hatched caterpillars on leaves of seven peanut cultivars. Peanut cultivars upright growth habit (IAC Tupã, Iapar 25 (Tição) and IAC-Tatú-ST) and runner growth habit (IAC 505, IAC-Caiapó, Runner IAC 886 and Cavalo Amarelo) were evaluated. An arena system was used in the attractiveness test, consisting of Petri dishes (20 cm diameter), with ten replicates. Twenty newly-hatched S. frugiperda caterpillars were released for each replicate (arena); counts were obtained for the total number of caterpillars attracted to the leaf discs of the various cultivars at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 60 minutes. In the free-choice test to evaluate non-preference for feeding, the same procedures and cultivars used in the attractiveness test were adopted. In the no- choice test the materials were individualized in Petri dishes (6.0 cm diameter); twenty newly-hatched caterpillars per replicate were released into the dishes, with 10 replicates. The test was evaluated by counting the total number of caterpillars feeding on the leaf discs of the various cultivars 24 hours after release. In the second part of the investigation we conducted studies on the biology of S. frugiperda on six peanut cultivars. Newly-hatched caterpillars were fed leaves of the following peanut cultivars: IAC-Caiapó, Runner IAC 886 and IAC 505 (runner growth habit), Iapar 25 (Tição), IAC-Tatú-ST and IAC Tupã (upright growth habit). Thirty caterpillars per cultivar, resulting from eggs obtained in the laboratory, were maintained in individualized Petri dishes (6.0 cm diameter and 2.0 cm in height) until pupation. The pupae were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Queiroz, Maíra dos Santos. "Avaliação da resistência de cultivares de amendoim de hábitos de crescimento ereto e rasteiro a Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) /". Ilha Solteira, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98739.

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Orientador: Alcebiades Ribeiro Campos
Banca: Marineide Rosa Vieira
Banca: Luciana Cláudia Toscano Maruyama
Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a resistência de cultivares de amendoim a Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). O trabalho foi dividido em duas etapas, sendo que na primeira avaliou-se a atratividade e a não-preferência alimentar, com e sem chance de escolha, de lagartas recém-eclodidas em folhas de sete cultivares de amendoim. Utilizaram-se cultivares de amendoim de hábitos de crescimento ereto (IAC Tupã, Iapar 25 (Tição) e IAC-Tatú-ST) e rasteiro (IAC 505, IAC-Caiapó, IAC Runner 886 e Cavalo Amarelo). No teste de atratividade utilizou-se um sistema de arena em placas de Petri com 20 cm de diâmetro e com dez repetições. Para cada repetição (arena) foram liberadas 20 lagartas recém- eclodidas de S. frugiperda, avaliando o número total de lagartas atraídas pelos discos foliares dos cultivares aos 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 e 60 minutos. Para a avaliação de não-preferência alimentar, no teste com chance de escolha, os procedimentos e os cultivares utilizados foram os mesmos adotados no teste de atratividade. No teste, sem chance de escolha, os cultivares foram individualizados em placas de Petri de 6,0 cm de diâmetro e seu interior foram liberadas 20 lagartas recém-eclodidas por repetição, com 10 repetições. Na avaliação, contou-se o número total de lagartas que estavam se alimentando nos discos foliares dos cultivares após 24 horas da liberação. Na segunda etapa foi realizado estudos da biologia de S. frugiperda em seis cultivares de amendoim. As lagartas recém-eclodidas foram alimentadas com folhas dos seguintes cultivares: IAC-Caiapó, Runner IAC 886 e IAC 505 (hábitos de crescimento rasteiro), e Iapar 25 (Tição), IAC-Tatú-ST e IAC Tupã (de hábitos de crescimento ereto). Assim, 30 lagartas por cultivar, provenientes de ovos obtidos em laboratório, foram mantidas em placas de Petri... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This study aimed to study the resistance of peanut cultivars to Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). The study was divided into two parts: in the first we evaluated, in free-choice and no-choice tests, the attractiveness and non- preference for feeding of newly-hatched caterpillars on leaves of seven peanut cultivars. Peanut cultivars upright growth habit (IAC Tupã, Iapar 25 (Tição) and IAC-Tatú-ST) and runner growth habit (IAC 505, IAC-Caiapó, Runner IAC 886 and Cavalo Amarelo) were evaluated. An arena system was used in the attractiveness test, consisting of Petri dishes (20 cm diameter), with ten replicates. Twenty newly-hatched S. frugiperda caterpillars were released for each replicate (arena); counts were obtained for the total number of caterpillars attracted to the leaf discs of the various cultivars at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 60 minutes. In the free-choice test to evaluate non-preference for feeding, the same procedures and cultivars used in the attractiveness test were adopted. In the no- choice test the materials were individualized in Petri dishes (6.0 cm diameter); twenty newly-hatched caterpillars per replicate were released into the dishes, with 10 replicates. The test was evaluated by counting the total number of caterpillars feeding on the leaf discs of the various cultivars 24 hours after release. In the second part of the investigation we conducted studies on the biology of S. frugiperda on six peanut cultivars. Newly-hatched caterpillars were fed leaves of the following peanut cultivars: IAC-Caiapó, Runner IAC 886 and IAC 505 (runner growth habit), Iapar 25 (Tição), IAC-Tatú-ST and IAC Tupã (upright growth habit). Thirty caterpillars per cultivar, resulting from eggs obtained in the laboratory, were maintained in individualized Petri dishes (6.0 cm diameter and 2.0 cm in height) until pupation. The pupae were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Książki na temat "Caterpillars"

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Merrick, Patrick. Caterpillars. [Chanhassen, MN]: Child's World, 1997.

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Llewellyn, Claire. Caterpillars. New York: F. Watts, 2002.

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ill, Fairclough Chris, red. Caterpillars. Austin, Tex: Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1999.

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Trueit, Trudi Strain. Caterpillars. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2009.

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Latimer, Jonathan P. Caterpillars. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 2000.

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Stone, Lynn M. Caterpillars. Vero Beach, FL: Rourke Book Co., 1995.

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Frost, Helen. Caterpillars. Redaktor Saunders-Smith Gail. Mankato, Minn: Pebble Books, 1999.

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Singer, Marilyn. Caterpillars. Waynesville, NC: EarlyLight Books, 2011.

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Watts, Barrie. Caterpillars. London: F. Watts, 1989.

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Sadie, Pascoe, red. Caterpillars. New York, NY: MONDO Publishing, 1996.

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Części książek na temat "Caterpillars"

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O’Hara, James E., Igor UsUpensky, N. J. Bostanian, John L. Capinera, Reg Chapman, Carl S. Barfield, Marilyn E. Swisher i in. "Tent Caterpillars". W Encyclopedia of Entomology, 3731. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_2387.

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Gratwick, Marion. "Cabbage caterpillars". W Crop Pests in the UK, 97–102. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1490-5_19.

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Moraru, Gail Miriam, i Jerome Goddard. "Caterpillars (Urticating)". W The Goddard Guide to Arthropods of Medical Importance, Seventh Edition, 109–14. 7th edition. | Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019] | Preceded by Physician’s guide to arthropods of medical importance / Jerome Goddard. 6th ed. 2013.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22250-14.

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Samston, M. S. "Eating Caterpillars". W Phunny Stuph, 108. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003237174-82.

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Villas-Boas, Isadora Maria, Miryam Paola Alvarez-Flores, Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi i Denise V. Tambourgi. "Envenomation by Caterpillars". W Clinical Toxinology, 1–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6288-6_57-1.

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Villas-Boas, Isadora Maria, Miryam Paola Alvarez-Flores, Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi i Denise V. Tambourgi. "Envenomation by Caterpillars". W Clinical Toxinology in Australia, Europe, and Americas, 429–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7438-3_57.

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Truman, James W. "Metamorphosis (Caterpillars, Moths)". W Comparative Neuroscience and Neurobiology, 76–78. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6776-3_31.

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Gratwick, Marion. "Web-forming caterpillars". W Crop Pests in the UK, 145–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1490-5_30.

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Gabrys, Beata, John L. Capinera, Jesusa C. Legaspi, Benjamin C. Legaspi, Lewis S. Long, John L. Capinera, Jamie Ellis i in. "Clicking by Caterpillars". W Encyclopedia of Entomology, 930–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_711.

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Ukita, Yoshiyuki, Takuya Yoshino i Kouichi Hirata. "Caterpillar Alignment Distance for Rooted Labeled Caterpillars: Distance Based on Alignments Required to Be Caterpillars". W Recent Advances in Computational Optimization, 111–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58884-7_6.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Caterpillars"

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Miyazaki, Tomoya, Manami Hagihara i Kouich Hirata. "Caterpillar Inclusion: Inclusion Problem for Rooted Labeled Caterpillars". W 11th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010826300003122.

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Orki, Omer, Offer Shai, Amir Ayali i Uri Ben-Hanan. "A Model of Caterpillar Locomotion Based on Assur Tensegrity Structures". W ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47708.

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This paper presents an ongoing project aiming at building a robot composed of Assur tensegrity structures, which mimics caterpillar locomotion. Caterpillars are soft-bodied animals capable of making complex movements with astonishing fault-tolerance. In our model, each caterpillar segment is represented by a 2D tensegrity triad consisting of two bars connected by two cables and a strut. The cables represent the major longitudinal muscles of the caterpillar, while the strut represents hydrostatic pressure. The control scheme in this model is divided into localized low-level controllers and a high-level control unit. The unique engineering properties of Assur tensegrity structures, which were mathematically proved last year, together with the suggested control algorithm provide the model with robotic softness. Moreover, the degree of softness can be continuously changed during simulation, making this model suitable for simulation of soft-bodied caterpillars as well as other types of soft animals.
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GOROBEY, Vasiliy, i Vadim MOSKALEVICh. "PERSPECTIVES OF THE LAYOUT OF SPECIAL CATERPILLAR TRACTOR ASSEMBLY FOR WORK ON SLOPES". W Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2023-32-80-142-154.

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The results of mathematical modeling of a special caterpillar tractor of traction class 2 are presented. Calculations were carried out in Excel for various possible lengths of caterpillars with their widths equal to 200 and 300 mm, using steel and rubber-reinforced caterpillars. Based on the calculation results, graphs of the dependences of the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the center of gravity of the tractor, the angle of lateral stability, the pressure of the propellers on the soil and the ratio of the reference length of the tracks to the width of the tractor track, depending on the value of the reference length of the tracks, were plotted.
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Castilho, J. P. K., C. N. Campos i L. M. Zatesko. "Sobre Rotulações L(h, k) de Caterpillars". W Encontro de Teoria da Computação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/etc.2021.16381.

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Uma rotulação L(h, k) é uma atribuição σ de inteiros aos vértices de um grafo simples tal que os rótulos de: vértices adjacentes diferem de pelo menos h; vértices com um vizinho em comum diferem de pelo menos k. A maior diferença entre os rótulos de quaisquer dois vértices é o span de σ. Determinar o L(h, k)-span, i.e. o menor span para todas as rotulações σ, é NP-difı́cil para árvores. Caterpillars são uma subclasse das árvores muito estudada no contexto de problemas rotulação. Nós provamos limitantes justos para o L(h, k)-span de todo caterpillar G, determinando o valor exato se k divide h e G tem no máximo sete vértices em um caminho máximo.
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Miyazaki, Tomoya, i Kouich Hirata. "Subcaterpillar Isomorphism Between Caterpillars: Subtree Isomorphism Restricted Text and Pattern Trees to Caterpillars". W 12th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0011659600003411.

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Luiz, Atílio G., C. N. Campos i R. Bruce Richter. "Some families of 0-rotatable graceful caterpillars". W I Encontro de Teoria da Computação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/etc.2016.9831.

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A graceful labelling of a tree T is an injective function f: V (T) → {0, 1, . . . , |E(T)|} such that {|f(u)−f(v)|: uv ∈ E(T)} = {1, 2, . . . , |E(T)|}. A tree T is said to be 0-rotatable if, for any v ∈ V (T), there exists a graceful labelling f of T such that f(v) = 0. In this work, it is proved that the follow- ing families of caterpillars are 0-rotatable: caterpillars with perfect matching; caterpillars obtained by identifying a central vertex of a path Pn with a vertex of K2; caterpillars obtained by identifying one leaf of the star K1,s−1 to a leaf of Pn, with n ≥ 4 and s ≥ ⌈n−1 2 ⌉; caterpillars with diameter five or six; and some families of caterpillars with diameter at least seven. This result reinforces the conjecture that all caterpillars with diameter at least five are 0-rotatable.
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Allen, Sarah R., i Ryan O'Donnell. "Conditioning and covariance on caterpillars". W 2015 IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itw.2015.7133115.

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Rahaman, Md Sazzadur, Tousif Ahmed Eshan, Sad Al Abdullah i Md Saidur Rahman. "Antibandwidth problem for itchy caterpillars". W 2014 International Conference on Informatics, Electronics & Vision (ICIEV). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciev.2014.6850837.

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Ukita, Yoshiyuki, Takuya Yoshino i Kouichi Hirata. "Alignment for Rooted Labeled Caterpillars". W 2019 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems. PTI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15439/2019f338.

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Palma, M. A. D. R., A. L. C. Furtado, S. Dantas i C. M. H. de Figueiredo. "Generalizing the coloring game from caterpillars to trees". W Encontro de Teoria da Computação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/etc.2024.3103.

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The coloring game is a two-player non-cooperative game conceived in 1981. Alice and Bob alternate turns to properly color the vertices of a finite graph G with t colors. Alice’s goal is to properly color the vertices of G with t colors; Bob’s aim is to prevent it. If, at any point, there is an uncolored vertex without an available color, Bob wins; otherwise, Alice wins. The game chromatic number χg(G) is the smallest t for Alice to have a winning strategy. In 1991, Bodlaender showed that a caterpillar was the smallest tree T with χg(T) = 4; in 1993, Faigle et al. proved χg(T) ≤ 4 for every tree T. In 2015, Dunn et al. proposed the characterization of forests with game chromatic numbers 3 and 4. In this paper, we extend results from caterpillars to more general trees, and establish sufficient conditions to ensure that a tree has game chromatic number 4.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Caterpillars"

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John Bernardi. Caterpillar MorElectric DOE Idle Reduction Demonstration Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/928759.

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Schulman, Matthew E., i Edwin A. Frame. Engine Durability Evaluation Using Synthetic Fuel, Caterpillar C7 Engine. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, październik 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada494498.

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Author, Not Given. Alternative-Fueled Truck Demonstration Natural Gas Program: Caterpillar G3406LE Development and Demonstration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/114470.

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Author, Not Given. Demonstration of Caterpillar C-10 dual-fuel engines in MCI 102DL3 commuter buses. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/752408.

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Eric Fluga. DOE Light Truck Clean Diesel (LTCD) Program Final Caterpillar Public Report Light Truck Clean Diesel Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1020707.

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Yost, Douglas M. Evaluation of Hydroprocessed Renewable Diesel (HRD) Fuel in a Caterpillar Engine Using the 210 Hour TWV Cycle. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maj 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada608712.

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Rahman, Shahedur, Rodrigo Salgado, Monica Prezzi i Peter J. Becker. Improvement of Stiffness and Strength of Backfill Soils Through Optimization of Compaction Procedures and Specifications. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317134.

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Vibration compaction is the most effective way of compacting coarse-grained materials. The effects of vibration frequency and amplitude on the compaction density of different backfill materials commonly used by INDOT (No. 4 natural sand, No. 24 stone sand, and No. 5, No. 8, No. 43 aggregates) were studied in this research. The test materials were characterized based on the particle sizes and morphology parameters using digital image analysis technique. Small-scale laboratory compaction tests were carried out with variable frequency and amplitude of vibrations using vibratory hammer and vibratory table. The results show an increase in density with the increase in amplitude and frequency of vibration. However, the increase in density with the increase in amplitude of vibration is more pronounced for the coarse aggregates than for the sands. A comparison of the maximum dry densities of different test materials shows that the dry densities obtained after compaction using the vibratory hammer are greater than those obtained after compaction using the vibratory table when both tools were used at the highest amplitude and frequency of vibration available. Large-scale vibratory roller compaction tests were performed in the field for No. 30 backfill soil to observe the effect of vibration frequency and number of passes on the compaction density. Accelerometer sensors were attached to the roller drum (Caterpillar, model CS56B) to measure the frequency of vibration for the two different vibration settings available to the roller. For this roller and soil tested, the results show that the higher vibration setting is more effective. Direct shear tests and direct interface shear tests were performed to study the impact of particle characteristics of the coarse-grained backfill materials on interface shear resistance. The more angular the particles, the greater the shear resistance measured in the direct shear tests. A unique relationship was found between the normalized surface roughness and the ratio of critical-state interface friction angle between sand-gravel mixture with steel to the internal critical-state friction angle of the sand-gravel mixture.
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Worker dies after being run over by a Caterpillar. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, styczeń 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface97mn047.

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In-depth survey report: a laboratory evaluation of a local exhaust ventilation system on a Caterpillar cold milling machine at Caterpillar, Minnesota. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, listopad 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshephb28222a.

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Excavation laborer dies after being run over by a Caterpillar. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, wrzesień 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface97mn019.

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Możesz być także zainteresowany rozszerzonymi bibliografiami na temat „Caterpillars” dla poszczególnych typów źródeł:
Artykuły w czasopismach Rozprawy doktorskie Książki
Oferujemy zniżki na wszystkie plany premium dla autorów, których prace zostały uwzględnione w tematycznych zestawieniach literatury. Skontaktuj się z nami, aby uzyskać unikalny kod promocyjny!

Do bibliografii