Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Catchment runoff

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Catchment runoff”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Catchment runoff"

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Thornton, C. M., i B. Yu. "The Brigalow Catchment Study: IV. Clearing brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) for cropping or grazing increases peak runoff rate". Soil Research 54, nr 6 (2016): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr15121.

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In Queensland, Australia, large tracts of native vegetation have been cleared for agriculture, resulting in substantial hydrological changes in the landscape. Australia’s longest-running paired catchment study, the Brigalow Catchment Study (BCS), was established in 1965 to monitor hydrological changes associated with land development, particularly that of the 1960s Land Development Fitzroy Basin Scheme. The BCS has unequivocally shown that developing brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) for cropping or for grazing doubles runoff volume. However, to date little research had been undertaken to quantify the changes in peak runoff rate when brigalow is cleared for cropping or grazing. The present study compared peak runoff rates from three brigalow catchments, two of which were subsequently cleared for cropping and pasture. Prior to land development, average peak runoff rates from the three brigalow scrub catchments were 3.2, 5 and 2mmh–1 for catchments 1 to 3 respectively. After development, these rates increased to 6.6mmh–1 from the brigalow scrub control catchment (catchment 1), 8.3mmh–1 from the cropping catchment (catchment 2) and 5.6mmh–1 from the pasture catchment (catchment 3). Peak runoff rate increased significantly from both the cropping and pasture catchments after adjusting for the underlying variation in peak runoff rate due to climatic variation between the pre- and post-development periods. The average peak runoff rate increased by 5.4mmh–1 (96%) for the cropping catchment and by 2.6mmh–1 (47%) for the pasture catchment. Increases in peak runoff rate were most prevalent in smaller events with an average recurrence interval of less than 2 years under cropping and 4 years under pasture.
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Chen, Xueli, i Marianne Bechmann. "Nitrogen losses from two contrasting agricultural catchments in Norway". Royal Society Open Science 6, nr 12 (grudzień 2019): 190490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190490.

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Nitrogen (N) losses from agricultural areas, especially into drinking water and marine environments, attract substantial attention from governments and scientists. This study analysed nitrogen loss from runoff water using long-term monitoring data (1994–2016) from the Skuterud catchment in southeastern Norway and the Naurstad catchment in northern Norway. Precipitation and runoff were lower in the Skuterud catchment than in the Naurstad catchment. However, in the Skuterud catchment, the annual total N (TN) losses ranged from 27 to 68 kg hm −2 . High precipitation (1247 mm) in the Naurstad catchment resulted in substantial runoff water (1108 mm) but relatively low total TN losses ranged from 17 to 35 kg hm −2 . The proportion of nitrate losses to TN loss was 51–86% and 28–50% in the Skuterud and Naurstad catchments, respectively. Furthermore, the monthly average TN concentrations and nitrate losses had two peaks, in April–May and October, in the Skuterud catchment; however, no significant fluctuations were found in the Naurstad catchment. The contributions of N and runoff water to TN and nitrate losses were calculated using multiple linear regression, and runoff water was the major contributor to TN loss in both catchments. Runoff water was the main factor in the Skuterud catchment, and the nitrate-N concentration was the main factor in the Naurstad catchment.
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Thornton, C. M., B. A. Cowie, D. M. Freebairn i C. L. Playford. "The Brigalow Catchment Study: II. Clearing brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) for cropping or pasture increases runoff". Soil Research 45, nr 7 (2007): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr07064.

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The Brigalow Catchment Study (BCS) was established to determine the impact on hydrology when brigalow land is cleared for cropping and grazing. The paired catchment study was commenced in 1965 using catchments of approximately 15 ha, with natural vegetation dominated by brigalow scrub (Acacia harpophylla). Three contiguous catchments were selected near Theodore in central Queensland to represent the extensive brigalow bioregion of central and southern Queensland and northern New South Wales (~40 Mha). The hydrology of the 3 catchments was characterised during a 17-year calibration period (1965–81). The catchments were considered hydrologically similar, with sufficient data available for an empirical comparison between catchments. In 1982, two of the catchments were cleared, with one developed for cropping and the other sown to improved pasture. The third catchment was used as an uncleared control. Hydrologic characteristics were then compared for the following 21 years. In their virgin state, the catchments behaved similarly, with average annual runoff being 5% of annual rainfall. Once cleared, total runoff from the cropping catchment increased to 11% of annual rainfall and total runoff from the pasture catchment increased to 9% of annual rainfall; however, timing of the individual runoff events varied between land uses. In order to confirm that changes in hydrology were a function of land use and not just seasonal variability or sampling error, several analytic techniques were used: a simple comparison of runoff totals, comparison of events, comparison of probability of exceedance for daily runoff, and comparison of predicted and observed runoff using a water balance modelling approach.
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Li, Qiaoling, Zhijia Li, Yuelong Zhu, Yuanqian Deng, Ke Zhang i Cheng Yao. "Hydrological regionalisation based on available hydrological information for runoff prediction at catchment scale". Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 379 (5.06.2018): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-379-13-2018.

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Abstract. Regionalisation provides a way of transferring hydrological information from gauged to ungauged catchments. The past few decades has seen several kinds of regionalisation approaches for catchment classification and runoff predictions. The underlying assumption is that catchments having similar catchment properties are hydrological similar. This requires the appropriate selection of catchment properties, particularly the inclusion of observed hydrological information, to explain the similarity of hydrological behaviour. We selected observable catchments properties and flow duration curves to reflect the hydrological behaviour, and to regionalize rainfall-runoff response for runoff prediction. As a case study, we investigated 15 catchments located in the Yangtze and Yellow River under multiple hydro-climatic conditions. A clustering scheme was developed to separate the catchments into 4 homogeneous regions by employing catchment properties including hydro-climatic attributes, topographic attributes and land cover etc. We utilized daily flow duration curves as the indicator of hydrological response and interpreted hydrological similarity by root mean square errors. The combined analysis of similarity in catchment properties and hydrological response suggested that catchments in the same homogenous region were hydrological similar. A further validation was conducted by establishing a rainfall-runoff coaxial correlation diagram for each catchment. A common coaxial correlation diagram was generated for each homogenous region. The performances of most coaxial correlation diagrams met the national standard. The coaxial correlation diagram can be transferred within the homogeneous region for runoff prediction in ungauged catchments at an hourly time scale.
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Zanial, W. N. C. W., M. A. Malek i M. N. M. Reba. "A Review on Rainfall Runoff Simulation at Ungauged Catchment". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, nr 4.35 (30.11.2018): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.22350.

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Ungauged catchment occurs when no runoff data are available or when very few ground rain gauges are located in a huge catchment. For these catchments, the parameters to be used in rainfall‐runoff models cannot be attained just by adjusting runoff information and thus should be procured by different techniques. Show parameters that require orientation are normally transposed from comparable measured catchments. The rainfall runoff simulation is very important to estimate and predict the flow in ungauged catchment. This investigation reviews ideas to differentiate hydrological comparability for transposing parameters from a gauged to an ungauged catchment. Model parameters that are physically based are generally derived from other information close to the ungauged catchment of intrigue. The primary challenge with rainfall‐runoff demonstrating in ungauged catchments is the absence of neighborhood ground precipitation and streamflow information to be utilized in aligning the proposed show parameters. Parameter alignment is useful since adjustment can represent the impacts of hydrological set up in a specific catchment. Since hydrological models are especially reliant on their limit conditions, the alignment practice directed can modify the predispositions of info information utilized. Parameters' adjustment can fundamentally improve the execution of rainfall‐runoff models since it included media properties of soil and vegetation which are exceptionally heterogeneous and basically are in every case inadequately known. Alternative methods for ungauged catchments are required which are the subject of this study. This study summarizes the important methods used in an ungauged catchments, discusses the issues of using satellite data as a substitute input to rainfall‐runoff models and its comparison with point scale ground data.
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Pechlivanidis, I. G., N. McIntyre i H. S. Wheater. "The significance of spatial variability of rainfall on simulated runoff: an evaluation based on the Upper Lee catchment, UK". Hydrology Research 48, nr 4 (30.07.2016): 1118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2016.038.

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The significance of spatial variability of rainfall on runoff is explored as a function of catchment scale and type, and antecedent conditions via the continuous time, semi-distributed probability distributed model (PDM) hydrological model applied to the Upper Lee catchment, UK. The impact of catchment scale and type is assessed using 11 nested catchments, and further assessed by artificially changing the catchment characteristics and translating these to model parameters (MPs) with uncertainty using model regionalisation. Dry and wet antecedent conditions are represented by ‘warming up’ the model under different rainfall time series. Synthetic rainfall events are introduced to directly relate the change in simulated runoff to the spatial variability of rainfall. Results show that runoff volume and peak are more sensitive to the spatial rainfall for more impermeable catchments; however, this sensitivity is significantly undermined under wet antecedent conditions. Although there is indication that the impact of spatial rainfall on runoff varies as a function of catchment scale, the variability of antecedent conditions between the synthetic catchments seems to mask this significance. Parameter uncertainty analysis highlights the importance of accurately representing the spatial variability of the catchment properties and their translation to MPs when investigating the effects of spatial properties of rainfall on runoff.
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Barron, O. V., D. W. Pollock i W. R. Dawes. "Evaluation of catchment connectivity and storm runoff in flat terrain subject to urbanisation". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 6, nr 5 (30.10.2009): 6721–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-6-6721-2009.

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Abstract. Contributing Catchment Area Analysis (CCAA) is a spatial analysis technique that allows estimation of the hydrological connectivity of relatively flat catchments and the effect of relief depressions on the catchment rainfall-runoff relationship for individual rainfall events. CCAA of the Southern River catchment, Western Australia, showed that catchment contributing area varied from less than 20% to more than 60% of total catchment area for various rainfall events. Such variability was attributed to a compensating effect of relief depressions. CCAA was further applied to analyse the impact of urbanisation on the catchment rainfall-runoff relationship. It was demonstrated that the change in land use resulted in much greater catchment volumetric runoff than expected simply as a result of the increase in proportion of impervious urban surfaces. As urbanisation leads to an increase in catchment hydrological connectivity, the catchment contributing area to the river flow also becomes greater. This effect was more evident for the most frequent rainfall events, when an increase in contributing area was responsible for a 30–100% increase in total volumetric runoff. The impact of urbanisation was greatest in sandy catchments, which were largely disconnected in the pre-development conditions.
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Veinbergs, A., i A. Lagzdins. "The impact of regional and catchment characteristics on long-term runoff in small agricultural catchments in Latvia". Water Practice and Technology 17, nr 2 (25.01.2022): 587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2022.005.

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Abstract The explanation of runoff behavior is challenging due to variable weather conditions, and catchment characteristics. The parameter equifinality in catchment-scale models turns into the uncertain distribution of water balance components even though models tend to represent total runoff well. This study aims to discuss long-term runoff and evapotranspiration (ET) variations affected by regional allocation and catchment characteristics in Latvia. The study applies the observational runoff data from drainage fields and small catchment scales. The sites represent the spatially different regions in Latvia with relatively variable yearly precipitation amounts. The robust data of surface slope gradients, the share of subsurface drainage systems, arable and grasslands, and ditch networks describes the differences in the catchment characteristics. The results reveal that higher long-term yearly average runoff and ET rates are experienced by the regions with higher yearly precipitation amounts. Simultaneously, the higher the long-term yearly average precipitation and steeper the surface slope gradient, the proportionally (%) higher is the runoff contribution into the water balance. When compared with the small catchments, the soil profiles at drainage fields might store more water after the subsurface drainage runoff is running short. Consequently, the small catchments might experience the later response of subsurface drainage runoff after the dry seasons.
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Procházka, J., J. Brom i L. Pechar. "The comparison of water and matter flows in three small catchments in the Šumava Mountains". Soil and Water Research 4, Special Issue 2 (19.03.2010): S75—S82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/481-swr.

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The comparisons of water and matter flows have been evaluated in three small catchments with different land uses in the Šumava Mountains in the south-west of the Czech Republic since 1999. The catchment of the Mlýnský stream was artificially drained, the areas of the catchment retaining the character of drained, semi‑intensive pasture. The catchment of the Horský stream is covered with forest, mowed meadows, and locations with natural succession (wetlands). The catchment of the Bukový stream is covered with forest, mostly with spruce monoculture. The highest amount of water was discharged from the drained Mlýnský catchment whereas the amounts of water discharged from the Horský and Bukový catchments were lower. The runoff maxima in the hydrologic year of 2002 were recorded in the Mlýnský stream catchment in August – at the time of the catastrophic floods. On the other hand, the maximum discharges in the Horský and Bukový stream catchments in August 2002 were comparable with those that occurred in the spring during the snow melt. In comparison, the water chemistry showed relationships between trends and features and the results of water runoff. The comparison of the runoff and matter flows in the catchments studied confirmed the influence of the land cover and management in both normal and extreme rainfall-runoff conditions.
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Dvořáková, Šárka, Pavel Kovář i Josef Zeman. "Impact of evapotranspiration on discharge in small catchments". Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 62, nr 4 (1.12.2014): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2014-0039.

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Abstract We apply the Linear Storage Model (LSM) to simulate the influence of the evapotranspiration on discharges. High resolution discharge data from two small catchments in the Czech Republic, the Teply Brook and the Starosuchdolsky Brook catchment are used. The results show the runoff process is simpler in a deeper valley of the Starosuchdolsky catchment where the soil zone is deeper and the valley bottom recharges runoff even during very dry periods. Two-soil zone model is adequate to simulate the diurnal runoff variability. Three-soil zone model is needed in the Teply Brook catchment due to the absence of water transport in the most-upper soil zone. Time delays between minimum and maximum discharge during the day reach up to about 20 hours. Evapotranspiration and hydraulic resistances are as high as 14% of catchment daily runoff in the urbanized Starosuchdolsky Brook catchment and 25% of catchment daily runoff in the forested, less impacted Teply Brook catchment
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Catchment runoff"

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Hyde, Michael L. "Urban runoff quality in the River Sowe catchment". Thesis, Coventry University, 2006. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/9c34fa51-7611-4362-844d-30d87ba84205/1.

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There have been no previous studies carried out on the impact of urban runoff in the Coventry City centre area. The culverted nature of the River Sherbourne, and many of its tributaries, makes the investigation of intermittent pollution and rainfall events expensive and impractical, when using traditional spot sample methods. Storm events have been monitored over a period of over 60 months upstream and downstream of the City, using continuous water quality monitors and auto-spot sample methods. The receiving waters of the River Avon had previously suffered annual fish mortalities as a result of summer storm events causing oxygen depletion. Previous studies (Clifforde and Williams 1997) on the impact of Coventry Sewage Treatment Works effluent on the watercourse, have suggested a major component of the intermittent pollutant load arising from the City (upstream of the Sewage Treatment Works), which requires evaluation and remediation. This research identifies the contaminants found during a series of storm events impacting on the River Sherbourne culvert, and discusses the relationship between them and the increased flow measured. The methodology was divided into 3 Phases; Phase 1 examined all of the watercourses in the River Sowe catchment, and identified the culverted streams and drainage system giving an indication of the presence of pollutant sources. Continuous monitors were deployed within the four identified drainage systems to pinpoint intermittent and illegal contaminated discharges, and these discharges were subsequently redirected to the foul sewer or stopped. Phase 2 examined the quality of the River Sherbourne culvert upstream and downstream of the city centre, and demonstrated (using continuous monitors and automated sampling), that six combined sewer overflows discharging to the watercourse upstream of the culvert were opening unsatisfactorily. The dissolved oxygen levels were significantly reduced during rainfall events (with a loss of diurnal variation), and total ammonium levels exceeded current water quality standards. The results were used to instigate a remediation scheme to replace the overflows with additional foul sewage capacity, and a single high-level storm relief. Phase 3 examined the impact of urban runoff during rainfall events after the improvements made following Phases 1 and 2. The results suggest a marked improvement in the water quality, with little impact from organic pollutants. Dissolved oxygen concentrations remained high during many of the post-remedial rainfall events, and ammonia levels remained largely insignificant. The results indicated a fall in pH levels during the rainfall events and increases in all of the heavy metals analysed, though not beyond current water quality guidelines. The efficiency of using continuous monitoring in Coventry was assessed and likely sources of the contaminants in urban runoff were considered. The statistics of compliance with percentile standards do not allow for short-term pollution or storm events, which may kill all aquatic life whilst not breaching water quality standards. Using continuous monitors to identify intermittent and illegal discharges in underground drainage systems was an efficient and cost-effective method of reducing the impact of urban runoff in a failing watercourse. The methodology can be applied to other urban areas to identify unidentified illegal and intermittent point sources. Routine monthly monitoring of an urban watercourse may not identify the peaks and troughs associated with rainfall events that may breach toxicological guidelines, and will not identify intermittent and unknown pollutant sources; particularly when discharging outside of normal working hours. This research was a unique and comprehensive investigation into the nature and composition of urban runoff in the City of Coventry, and local data gathered will be invaluable in promoting further research, improving local knowledge of the urban environment in preparation for the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), and in planning for environmental improvements in the future.
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Whelan, Michael John. "Numerical modelling of small catchment nitrogen dynamics with particular reference to the Slapton Wood catchment, South Devon". Thesis, University of Leeds, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343483.

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Skoog, Peter, i Henrik Bodin-Sköld. "Nutrients and runoff in a small catchment during spring 2010". Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57611.

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Eutrophication is an increasing problem in the Baltic Sea and is caused by an excess of nutrients in the water which are primarily transported with the runoff from cultivated land. The peninsula Vikbolandet in Östergötland is dominated by arable land and has stream outflows to the bays of Bråviken and Slätbaken. In this study five streams of Vikbolandet have been sampled during the spring flood period with the aim of connecting concentrations of nutrients in the streams with turbidity and runoff in the catchment. This analysis has then been related to the land use in the small catchment of Vadsbäcken in order to investigate the impact of land uses with areal losses of phosphorus. The results indicate that there are increasing concentrations of phosphorus downstream in the sites of Vadsbäcken and that the transported amounts of phosphorus increases with the spring flood and at a rainstorm event. It is shown that the distribution of agricultural blocks in the catchment of Vadsbäcken has a major impact on the nutrient leakage. There is a co-variation between turbidity and runoff during a rainstorm event and between particulate-bound phosphorus and runoff over time. A further aim has been to investigate possibilities for use of an easily managed, cost-effective environmental monitoring method for nutrient measurements in watercourses. Within four out of five streams at Vikbolandet there is a significant co-variation between turbidity and total phosphorus. Using field measurements of turbidity for environmental monitoring could provide a viable alternative for environmental monitoring of watercourses but will need further investigations of co-variation before being brought into use. Further, this study shows that the transport of phosphorus is underestimated in environmental monitoring

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Llewellyn, Neville. "The movement of pesticides within a mixed land use catchment". Thesis, Middlesex University, 1999. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13281/.

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Although the application of UK non-agricultural pesticides (mainly herbicides) comprises only 3% of the total amount used, similar concentrations of agriculturally and non-agriculturallyderived pesticides are routinely detected in surface waters. This has led to concern regarding the contamination of drinking water resources at concentrations above the statutory limits of the EC Drinking Water Directive (ECDWD), and the consequent risk to human health. Before the risks to drinking water resources can be fully assessed, it is important to understand and subsequently predict the chronic and transient levels of herbicide occurrence in receiving surface waters as a result of their normal application. The factors which influence herbicide transport to the aquatic environment from sites of application, particularly from the wide variety of application substrates, are not fully understood. This project addresses this lack of knowledge through an eighteen-month programme (January 1992-March 1993) of storm event herbicide monitoring on a mixed land use catchment at North Weald (Essex) which periodically received applications of common agricultural and non-agricultural herbicides including chlorotoluron, isoproturon, diuron, simazine and atrazine. To support the field monitoring programme a robust multi-residue pesticide method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the previously mentioned compounds from storm water. This was based on liquid-liquid extraction into dichloromethane and high performance liquid chromatography using photo diode array detection. The pesticide runoff data from agricultural land agreed with similar experiments carried out in the UK. The ECDWD was frequently exceeded in baseflow conditions and more frequently during storm event periods. The extent of the exceedance was found to be related to the period which had elapsed between the herbicide application and the timing of the surface water sampling. The range of application losses for the agricultural data-set was 4.0xlO-4-O.204% (median; 4.6x10-2%). The range of peak storm event concentrations was 0.03-10.0jJg/1 (median; 0.34pg/I). Similar exceedances of the ECDWD were observed during storm and non-storm conditions for discharged waters from the urban land area of the catchment. For the urban runoff data-set, the range of application losses was 0.01-45.1% (median; 0.28%) and the range of peak storm event concentrations was 0.2-238.4pg/1 (median; 0.7pg/l). The results of the monitoring programme show that the underlying factor that differentiated between the fates of herbicides applied to the North Weald catchment was the difference in the application substrate properties. Specifically, the hard surfaces, where low infiltration capacity promotes the generation of relatively high volumes of surface runoff and where poor retention behaviour exists, allow applied herbicides to be readily transported in storm event runoff to receiving surface waters. The simazine, isoproturon, chlorotoluron and diuron runoff data produced during the monitoring programme were successfully modelled using the fugacity-based Soilfug model. In the case of chlorotoluron, this model s performance was compared with a statistical model produced using multiple linear regression analysis, which showed the former approach to be superior since it required less input data and was not site specific.
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McCartney, Matthew Peter. "The hydrology of a headwater catchment containing a dambo". Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265632.

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James, April Lynda. "Investigating small multiple catchment runoff generation in a forested temperate watershed". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100630.

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Runoff generation refers to the physical processes by which water travels through the landscape, moving through the subsurface or over the ground surface, ultimately arriving at the stream channel. These physical processes vary in both space and time leading to difficulties in mechanistic modelling of storm response, contaminant transport and nutrient fluxes. Runoff generation has been extensively studied at the hillslope scale and in headwater catchments. However, only recently have empirical studies begun to collect similarly detailed datasets across multiple catchments with which to examine how these processes change with scale. This study examines runoff generation from a series of eight small nested forest catchments and focuses specifically on the controlling influences of antecedent moisture conditions and catchment topography.
End-member-mixing-analysis using stream water hydrochemistry from the eight catchments shows changing seasonal and storm-based source water contributions to the stream channel. Analysis identifies hydrochemical solutes with behaviour consistent with the assumptions of the mixing-model approach for all eight catchments. Results indicate that testing of solute selection is critical in the application of this method to multiple catchments.
Runoff generation observed for five storm events shows a strong nonlinear relationship between runoff and antecedent moisture conditions, supporting the hypothesis of varying 'states of wetness'. Detailed hillslope-scale investigation during the different 'states of wetness' indicates that while groundwater and soil moisture profiles show changing active-flow connectivity on a seasonal and storm-base dtime scale, there no significant change in spatial patterns of shallow soil moisture. These results suggest that a priori spatial patterns in shallow soil moisture in forested terrains may not be a good predictor of critical hydrologic connectivity that leads to the threshold change in runoff generation, as has been found in rangeland catchments.
Differences in storm response from the eight catchments are in part attributable to variation in topography and landscape organization. The multiple catchments have similar distributions of topographic index and yet differences in mean values of topographic index lead to significantly different estimates of mean residence time. Scaling of storm response is dominated by the behaviour of the three largest catchments. These three catchments distinguish themselves with larger MRT and larger valley bottom areas. It is these three catchments that, under dry antecedent moisture conditions, show significantly larger amounts of new water delivery to the stream channel, suggesting a significant change in dominant runoff mechanisms related to topography and landscape organization.
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Godun, Oleh Serhiyovich. "Generation of phosphorus bioavailability in runoff from a calcareous agricultural catchment". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244141.

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Young, Andrew Richard. "Regionalising a daily rainfall runoff model within the United Kingdom". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340664.

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Zakharova, Yulia S. "Highway drainage as a component of metal input into the catchment". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8254.

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Highway runoff, as a nonpoint source, may exert significant pollutant load on the catchment. Finding ways to mitigate nonpoint sources of pollutants is a matter of great concern for improving water quality. It was cited by the Environment Agency in 2005 that more than 80% of English rivers were at risk of failing to achieve Water Framework Directive (WFD) objectives through diffuse pollution (Faram, 2007; p.14). The presence and behaviour of metals were analysed and compared through seasonal sampling from one of the most trafficked roads in the Midlands, M1. These were compared with other sources: local streams and sewage works. The concentration of metals in stormwater from the M1, three neighbouring rural brooks and three local sewage works, all in the same catchment, were sampled. Three metals (Fe, Cu and Zn) were used as an indicator because of their predominance and potential harmful effect on biodiversity. The data was analysed to establish any links between the total and dissolved metals and standard water quality parameters. The thesis also examines the performance of a standard highway treatment system of interceptor and lagoon for removing metals. The results indicate that evaporation and de-icer salts had the strongest effect on metal concentrations and their solubility in the runoff from the M1. As additional factors, rainfall intensity and antecedent dry weather period (ADWP) had the most important influence on metal concentrations. Fe was always at the highest concentrations for all weather conditions (total and dissolved) and all sampling locations. The results also showed that Fe was affiliated with the particulate matter; however, it was also suggested that it was solubilised by anaerobic conditions. Zntot during wet weather exceeded the environmental quality standards (EQS) both on the M1 and in Woodbrook. The sewage work effluent did not exceed the EQS at any time of sampling. It was also found that Zn solubility was increased by the presence of de-icer salts which released it from the sediment by a process of ion-exchange, as suggested by the literature. Cu concentrations had the most erratic values and varied widely but were in the lowest concentrations compared to other metals. During wet weather Cudis from the M1 runoff exceeded the EQS. It was also concluded that the analytical and sample preservation methods chosen could have an effect on the concentrations of copper. Filtration with recycled glass and pea-gravel was able to remove particles down to 5 μm, but at the typical flow rate (5 m/hr), and solids loading the filters would need regular washing. The adsorption studies showed that metals are more effectively removed by alkaline conditions than acid conditions which release metals into the environment.
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Goyen, Allan. "Spatial and temporal effects on urban rainfall/runoff modeling". Online version, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/626.

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University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Engineering.
Although extensive worldwide literature on urban stormwater runoff exists, very few publications describe runoff development in terms of its basic building blocks or processes and their individual and accumulative significance in response to varying inputs and boundary conditions. Process algorithms should respond accurately to varying input magnitudes and characteristics as well as to changes in antecedent conditions. The present state of estimation errors involved in many current numerical simulation techniques has been reviewed in this thesis. A significant amount of errors that are presently encountered for have been explained in terms of undefined process response not explicitly included within many modelling methodologies. Extensive field monitoring of intra-catchment rainfall and runoff within an urban catchment at Giralang in Canberra, which is typical of Australian urban catchments, was carried out over a 3-year period to define and measure individual runoff processes. This monitoring work led to a greater understanding of the processes driving the aggregation of local runoff from many sub-areas into the runoff observed at full catchment scale. The results from the monitoring process prompted a number of approaches to potentially reduce standard errors of estimate from model-attributable errors based on improvements to definable catchment response mechanisms. The research isolated a number of basic building blocks associated with typical residential allotments, that can be grouped into roof drainage, yard drainage and adjacent road drainage. A proposed modelling approach was developed that allowed these building blocks at an allotment scale to be simply computed using storage routing techniques. This then aggregated via the total catchment’s public drainage system isochronal characteristics utilising a “process tree” approach to provide full catchment scale runoff response. The potential reduction in estimation errors utilising the developed procedure was assessed using a large number of recorded events from the Giralang catchment monitoring data. The proposed numerical modelling approach was found to provide significant improvements over current methods and offered a scale-independent and stormindependent methodology to model catchments of any size without the need for changes to any of the runoff routing parameters. Additionally the approach permits the flexible sequencing and inclusion of a wide range of different urban drainage structures within a catchment that are representative of the local characteristics. The developed procedure also includes a spatially varied water balance approach to infiltration estimation that is more suited to future continuous simulation models. The developed “flexible process tree” approach provides an important step forward in the numerical modelling of complex urban drainage systems. This can reduce errors of estimate by improving intra-catchment process representation.
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Książki na temat "Catchment runoff"

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Vitvar, Tomás̆. Water residence times and runoff generation in a small prealpine catchment. Zürich: Geographisches Institut ETH, 1998.

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J, Taljaard J. Relationships between rainfall, runoff, and weather systems in the catchment of the Vaal Dam. Pretoria: Weather Bureau, Dept. of Environment Affairs, 1988.

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Fish, William. Behavior of runoff-derived metals in a well defined paved-catchment/retention pond system. Corvallis, Or: Water Resources Research Institute, Oregon State University, 1988.

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Fish, William. Behavior of runoff-derived metals in a well defined paved-catchment/retention pond system. Corvallis, Or: Water Resources Research Institute, Oregon State University, 1988.

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Morris, Susan E. Variability in storm rainfall over an upland catchment and its implications for storm runoff. Huddersfield: The Polytechnic, 1989.

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Ockerman, Darwin J. Simulation of runoff and recharge and estimation of constituent loads in runoff, Edwards Aquifer recharge zone (outcrop) and catchment area, Bexar County, Texas, 1997-2000. Austin, Texas: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002.

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Schroeder, Roy A. Potential for chemical transport beneath a storm-runoff recharge (retention) basin for an industrial catchment in Fresno, California. Sacramento, Calif. (2800 Cottage Way, Federal Building, Sacramento 95825): U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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Mannaerts, Christiaan. Assessment of the transferability of laboratory rainfall-runoff and rainfall-soil loss relationships to field and catchment scales: A study in the Cape Verde Islands. Enschede: International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences (ITC), 1993.

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International Symposium on Comparison of Urban Drainage Models with Real Catchment Data (1986 Dubrovnik, Croatia). Urban drainage modelling: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Comparison of Urban Drainage Models with Real Catchment Data, UDM '86, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, 8-11 April 1986. Redaktorzy Maksimović Č i Radojković M. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Pergamon Press, 1986.

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Č, Maksimović, i Radojković M, red. Urban drainage modelling: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Comparison of Urban Drainage Models with Real Catchment Data, UDM '86, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, 8-11 April 1986. Oxford: Pergamon, 1986.

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Części książek na temat "Catchment runoff"

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Lischeid, Gunnar, Sven Frei, Bernd Huwe, Christina Bogner, Johannes Lüers, Wolfgang Babel i Thomas Foken. "Catchment Evapotranspiration and Runoff". W Energy and Matter Fluxes of a Spruce Forest Ecosystem, 355–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49389-3_15.

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Servat, Eric. "TSS, BOD5 and COD Accumulation and Transport Over Urban Catchment Surfaces: A Modelling Approach". W Urban Runoff Pollution, 325–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70889-3_12.

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Lischeid, G., H. Lange, K. Moritz i H. Büttcher. "Dynamics of Runoff and Runoff Chemistry at the Lehstenbach and Steinkreuz Catchment". W Ecological Studies, 399–436. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06073-5_23.

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Sivakumar, M., i S. Boroumand-Nasab. "Nutrient runoff modelling of an Australian urban catchment". W Water-Quality Hydrology, 81–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0393-0_6.

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Kadłubowski, Andrzej, Małgorzata Mierkiewicz i Halina Budzyńska. "Operational Rainfall/Snowmelt-Runoff Model for Upper Narew River". W Modelling of Hydrological Processes in the Narew Catchment, 1–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19059-9_1.

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Buzek, F., J. Hruška i P. Krám. "Three-Component Model of Runoff Generation, Lysina Catchment, Czech Republic". W Biogeochemical Monitoring in Small Catchments, 391–408. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0261-2_23.

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Murmu, R., i S. Murmu. "Simulation of Runoff for Subarnarekha Catchment Using SWAT Model". W Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 157–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9805-0_13.

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Sinha, Manish Kumar, Triambak Baghel, Klaus Baier, Mukesh Kumar Verma, Ramakar Jha i Rafig Azzam. "Impact of Urbanization on Surface Runoff Characteristics at Catchment Scale". W Water Resources and Environmental Engineering I, 31–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2044-6_3.

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Pandey, Suchita, Nilanchal Patel i Ajay Kumar Agrawal. "Rainfall-Runoff Estimation for Rapti River Catchment Using Geospatial Technology". W Modeling and Simulation of Environmental Systems, 287–302. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003203445-18.

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Kovács, Péter. "Characterization of the Runoff Regime and Its Stability in the Danube Catchment". W Hydrological Processes of the Danube River Basin, 143–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3423-6_5.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Catchment runoff"

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Domnin, Dmitry, Dmitry Domnin, Boris Chubarenko, Boris Chubarenko, Rene Capell i Rene Capell. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF NUTRIENT LOADING FROM SMALL CATCHMENTS OF THE VISTULA LAGOON". W Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93dfde6248.02952871.

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Vistula Lagoon as a part of the coastal zone translates nutrient load from catchment to the Baltic Sea. Catchments of the Primorskaya River (small settlements, mostly agricultural area, 120 km2) and Banówka-Mamonovka River (transboundary catchment between Russia and Poland, relatively big settlements, food production enterprises, agricultural activity, 490 km2) were selected as test ones for the Vistula Lagoon catchment (23 870 km2). Assessment of the retention of total nitrogen and phosphorus in the catchment and the transformation of nutrient load from anthropogenic sources while passing the catchment were studied by using open source numerical modeling tools. Initial data comprises the geomorphic characteristics, river net data, information on land use and nutrient point sources, time series of temperature, precipitation. Runoff was simulated by hydrological model HYPE considering the evaporation and infiltration into the soil. Retention and transport of nutrients were accessed using the model FyrisNP. Source apportionment was made for the nutrient load discharging from both catchments to the Vistula Lagoon. The greatest amount of nutrients in final discharge is coming from the arable land (50-80%), point sources constitute a smaller proportion (5-30%). The results will be used to obtain the first order approximation of the nutrient load from other small rivers of the Vistula Lagoon catchment and from the biggest river in the area, the Pregolya River (15 300 km2) by analogy.
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Domnin, Dmitry, Dmitry Domnin, Boris Chubarenko, Boris Chubarenko, Rene Capell i Rene Capell. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF NUTRIENT LOADING FROM SMALL CATCHMENTS OF THE VISTULA LAGOON". W Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b431754b7a5.

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Vistula Lagoon as a part of the coastal zone translates nutrient load from catchment to the Baltic Sea. Catchments of the Primorskaya River (small settlements, mostly agricultural area, 120 km2) and Banówka-Mamonovka River (transboundary catchment between Russia and Poland, relatively big settlements, food production enterprises, agricultural activity, 490 km2) were selected as test ones for the Vistula Lagoon catchment (23 870 km2). Assessment of the retention of total nitrogen and phosphorus in the catchment and the transformation of nutrient load from anthropogenic sources while passing the catchment were studied by using open source numerical modeling tools. Initial data comprises the geomorphic characteristics, river net data, information on land use and nutrient point sources, time series of temperature, precipitation. Runoff was simulated by hydrological model HYPE considering the evaporation and infiltration into the soil. Retention and transport of nutrients were accessed using the model FyrisNP. Source apportionment was made for the nutrient load discharging from both catchments to the Vistula Lagoon. The greatest amount of nutrients in final discharge is coming from the arable land (50-80%), point sources constitute a smaller proportion (5-30%). The results will be used to obtain the first order approximation of the nutrient load from other small rivers of the Vistula Lagoon catchment and from the biggest river in the area, the Pregolya River (15 300 km2) by analogy.
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Nazirah, A., W. O. Wan Mohd Sabki, H. Zulkarnian i A. Afizah. "Simulation of runoff using HEC-HMS for ungauged catchment". W PROCEEDINGS OF 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (ICAMET 2020). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0051957.

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Younus Mustafa, Basil. "Gomaspan Dam Catchment Area Runoff Volume Evaluation by SCS Method". W International Engineering Conference. Ishik University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23918/iec2017.07.

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Idfi, Gilang, Anie Yulistyorini, Titi Rahayuningsih, Eko Setyawan i Vita Ayu Kusuma Dewi. "Rainfall-Runoff modelling on Ngotok watershed with sub-catchment area". W PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF GREEN CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (GCEE 2021). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0072603.

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Kaushik, Tryambak, Milind V. Khire, Terry Johnson i Michael Caldwell. "Surface Runoff at an Instrumented Catchment Scale Water Balance Final Cover". W Geo-Congress 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413272.401.

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Adam, Relu, Codruta Badaluta-Minda, Gabriel Eles, Constantin Florescu i Cristian Bratanovici. "The runoff simulation by SCS-CN model in a catchment area". W PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH WORKSHOP ON METALLIZATION AND INTERCONNECTION FOR CRYSTALLINE SILICON SOLAR CELLS. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0105498.

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Zlatunova, Daniela. "APPLICATION OF THE MAXIMUM RUNOFF REGIONALIZATION METHOD FOR THE NISHAVA CATCHMENT". W 21st SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2021. STEF92 Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2021/3.1/s12.06.

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Knoppová, Kateřina, Daniel Marton i Petr Štěpánek. "APPLICATION OF RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODEL: CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON RESERVOIR INFLOW". W XXVII Conference of the Danubian Countries on Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Bases of Water Management. Nika-Tsentr, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/uhmi.conference.01.11.

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The impacts of climate change are beginning to be felt in the Czech Republic. In recent years, we were challenging a dry period, which threatens to continue affecting Czech economy, agriculture and personal comfort of local people. The need to adapt to climate change is obvious. The groundwater resources are in continuous decline, consequently, the surface water supplies are increasing in importance. How would the quantity of available water change in the future? How much water would we be able to store within the year to manage it during the dry seasons? Rainfall-runoff models enable us to simulate future changes in hydrological conditions based on climate projections. One of such tools is Runoff Prophet, the conceptual lumped model being developed at the Institute of Landscape Water Management at Brno University of Technology. It is used to simulate time series of monthly river flow in a catchment outlet without the need to describe the morphological characteristics of the catchment. Runoff Prophet produced good results of calibration and proved its suitability for conceptual hydrological modelling in variable hydrological conditions of the Czech Republic. The aim of the paper was to assess the possible impact of climate change on future inflow into Vír I. Reservoir, one of the drinking water resources for Brno, a city of 380 000 inhabitants. The recently developed software Runoff Prophet was used to simulate future river flow time series. The model was calibrated on the catchment of gauging station Dalečín on Svratka River as the reservoir inflow. Prognoses of future river flow were performed using climate scenarios prepared by Global Change Research Institute of Czech Academy of Sciences. These scenarios (RCP types) are based on the outcomes from different regional climate models of Euro-CORDEX initiative. Characteristics of possible future air temperature and precipitation in the basin were evaluated in terms of its impact on reservoir management. The results of hydrological modelling gave the perspective of expected changes in Vír I. inflow yield. The options of using Vír I. Reservoir as a drinking water supply for Brno in coming decades were assessed.
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Lan Anh, N. T., J. B. Boxall, A. J. Saul i P. Willem. "An evaluation of three lumped conceptual rainfall-runoff models at catchment scale". W BHS 3rd International Conference. British Hydrological Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7558/bhs.2010.ic109.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Catchment runoff"

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Duffy, Christopher J., David Brandes, Tong-Ying Shun i Karsten Sedmera. LDMS: A Low-Dimensional Modeling System for Hillslope, Catchment and River-Basin Runoff. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, luty 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada378858.

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Desiderati, Christopher. Carli Creek Regional Water Quality Project: Assessing Water Quality Improvement at an Urban Stormwater Constructed Wetland. Portland State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.78.

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Stormwater management is an ongoing challenge in the United States and the world at-large. As state and municipal agencies grapple with conflicting interests like encouraging land development, complying with permits to control stormwater discharges, “urban stream syndrome” effects, and charges to steward natural resources for the long-term, some agencies may turn to constructed wetlands (CWs) as aesthetically pleasing and functional natural analogs for attenuating pollution delivered by stormwater runoff to rivers and streams. Constructed wetlands retain pollutants via common physical, physicochemical, and biological principles such as settling, adsorption, or plant and algae uptake. The efficacy of constructed wetlands for pollutant attenuation varies depending on many factors such as flow rate, pollutant loading, maintenance practices, and design features. In 2018, the culmination of efforts by Clackamas Water Environment Services and others led to the opening of the Carli Creek Water Quality Project, a 15-acre constructed wetland adjacent to Carli Creek, a small, 3500-ft tributary of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, OR. The combined creek and constructed wetland drain an industrialized, 438-acre, impervious catchment. The wetland consists of a linear series of a detention pond and three bioretention treatment cells, contributing a combined 1.8 acres of treatment area (a 1:243 ratio with the catchment) and 3.3 acre-feet of total runoff storage. In this study, raw pollutant concentrations in runoff were evaluated against International Stormwater BMP database benchmarks and Oregon Water Quality Criteria. Concentration and mass-based reductions were calculated for 10 specific pollutants and compared to daily precipitation totals from a nearby precipitation station. Mass-based reductions were generally higher for all pollutants, largely due to runoff volume reduction on the treatment terrace. Concentration-based reductions were highly variable, and suggested export of certain pollutants (e.g., ammonia), even when reporting on a mass-basis. Mass load reductions on the terrace for total dissolved solids, nitrate+nitrite, dissolved lead, and dissolved copper were 43.3 ± 10%, 41.9 ± 10%, 36.6 ± 13%, and 43.2 ± 16%, respectively. E. coli saw log-reductions ranging from -1.3 — 3.0 on the terrace, and -1.0 — 1.8 in the creek. Oregon Water Quality Criteria were consistently met at the two in-stream sites on Carli Creek for E. coli with one exception, and for dissolved cadmium, lead, zinc, and copper (with one exception for copper). However, dissolved total solids at the downstream Carli Creek site was above the Willamette River guidance value 100 mg/L roughly 71% of the time. The precipitation record during the study was useful for explaining certain pollutant reductions, as several mechanisms are driven by physical processes, however it was not definitive. The historic rain/snow/ice event in mid-February 2021 appeared to impact mass-based reductions for all metals. Qualitatively, precipitation seemed to have the largest effect on nutrient dynamics, specifically ammonia-nitrogen. Determining exact mechanisms of pollutant removals was outside the scope of this study. An improved flow record, more targeted storm sampling, or more comprehensive nutrient profiles could aid in answering important questions on dominant mechanisms of this new constructed wetland. This study is useful in establishing a framework and baseline for understanding this one-of-a-kind regional stormwater treatment project and pursuing further questions in the future.
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Simulation of runoff and recharge and estimation of constituent loads in runoff, Edwards aquifer recharge zone (outcrop) and catchment area, Bexar County, Texas, 1997-2000. US Geological Survey, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri024241.

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Potential for chemical transport beneath a storm-runoff recharge (retention) basin for an industrial catchment in Fresno, California. US Geological Survey, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri934140.

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Quantity and quality of storm runoff from three urban catchments in Bellevue, Washington. US Geological Survey, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri864000.

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Simulation of quantity and quality of storm runoff for urban catchments in Fresno, California. US Geological Survey, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri884125.

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Rainfall and runoff quantity and quality characteristics of four urban land-use catchments in Fresno, California, October 1981 to April 1983. US Geological Survey, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wsp2335.

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