Artykuły w czasopismach: „CAST IRON PLATE”

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Heckmann, C. J., W. Stets i G. Wolf. "Plate Fracture of Nodular Cast Iron". Key Engineering Materials 457 (grudzień 2010): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.367.

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Plate fracture is a defective fracture structure in nodular cast iron that can be found especially in the transition area of feeder, feeder neck and the cast part itself. It occurs rather spontaneously due to the fact that the exact reason for it is still unknown. The microstructure of the casting in the area of plate fracture comprises aligned graphite nodules in combination with a pronounced dendritic microstructure as characteristical features. A series of casting trials was performed in which plate like samples were produced. It could be shown by means of metallographic investigation of these samples in combination with the simulation of the solidification that specific local conditions during the solidification are the metallurgical reasons for the appearance of plate fracture. These specific conditions were the local temperature gradient and the velocity of the liquid/solid interface.

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Pedersen, Karl Martin, i Niels Tiedje. "Solidification of Hypereutectic Thin Wall Ductile Cast Iron". Materials Science Forum 508 (marzec 2006): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.508.63.

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Hypereutectic ductile iron was cast in green sand moulds with four plates with thickness of 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 mm in each mould. Temperatures were measured in the 3 and 4 mm plate. The temperature curves showed that eutectic solidification was divided into two stages: primary and secondary eutectic solidification. The first stage, which was relatively short, had none or very little recalescence. Further under cooling, followed by reheating during recalescence, was necessary to initiate the second part of the eutectic solidification. Both the secondary under cooling and recalescence was larger in the 3 mm plates than in the 4 mm plates. All 1.5 mm plates contained carbides but the other plates solidified without carbides. Metallographic examination showed two populations of graphite nodules. A small group of nodules was larger than rest of the nodules. Color etching revealing the segregation of Si showed a higher Si content in the ferrite around the larger nodules compared to the ferrite around the rest of the nodules. This indicates that solidification took place along the following path: The solidification starts with nucleation and growth of primary graphite nodules. This probably starts during the filling of the mould. The primary nodules act as nuclei for austenite. As austenite easily nucleates on graphite the temperature will be the same for the 3 and 4 mm plate for the first part of the eutectic solidification. This first part of the solidification ends when concentration of carbon around austenite dendrites is too large and new nodules have to nucleate and grow. The larger under cooling for the 3 mm plates compared to the 4 mm indicates that the nucleation of new nodules is governed by kinetics even in very well inoculated melts.

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Okpoghono, J., U. J. Omoriare, U. B. Igue i A. A. Seigha. "Evaluation of Liver and Kidney Function Markers of Mature Albino Male Rats Fed with Maize-Plantain Pudding Delicacy Cooked in Metallic Plates and Edible Plant Leaves". Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 27, nr 4 (30.04.2023): 759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i4.17.

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Traditional maize-plantain puddings are usually cooked in diverse containers such as aluminium plates, cast iron plates and all types of edible plant leaves. This paper therefore, evaluates biochemical markers of liver and kidney function of mature albino male rats fed with maize-plantain pudding delicacy cooked in aluminium and cast iron plates and edible Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Musa paradisiaca (plantain) leaves using appropriate standard methods. Data obtained reveal that the activities of hepatic marker enzymes; alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the serum and liver were significantly lower in rats given the pudding extracts when compared with the control. No significant differences were observed in urea and creatinine levels in the serum and kidney of rats given pudding extracts as compared to control. In conclusion, this study has proved that maize-plantain pudding organized using ginger leaves, plantain leaves and cast iron plate are beneficial in the maintenance and improvement of liver and kidney function when compared with aluminium plate. However, in this efficacy maize-plantain pudding cooked using ginger leaves was found to be more effective than the pudding cooked using plantain leaves and cast iron plate.

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Takita, Mitsuharu. "Microstructure and Properties of Cast Iron with Semi-Solid Process Using Cooling Plate Technique". Key Engineering Materials 457 (grudzień 2010): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.79.

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Semi-solid metal processing with the cooling plate technique is one of the key technologies for producing advanced materials. The multitude of cast iron families with their wide range of mechanical properties, and relatively low costs combined with the advantage of semi-solid processing allow production of high quality cast components from cast iron. The effect of semi-solid processing using the cooling plate technique on the microstructure and the properties of cast iron is studied. The investigated material is hypo-eutectic, hyper-eutectic gray iron, compacted graphite and ductile cast iron. The results indicated that the microstructure (primary austenite and graphite) becomes finer and more globular by increasing the fraction of solid. The tensile strength of semi-solid processed cast iron is relatively high compared with ordinary cast iron. The values of both the tensile strength and the elongation depend on the fraction of solid. The total fracture strength is observed to depend on the graphite morphology as well as the matrix contribution that mainly depends on fraction of solid. The wear resistance and damping capacity of cast iron were investigated as a function of the relative amount of primary fraction of solid.

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Liu, Jiang, i Jun Fu. "Toughening Study on High Chromium Cast Iron Liner Plates of HZS Series Commercial Concrete Mixing Plant". Advanced Materials Research 179-180 (styczeń 2011): 1338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.179-180.1338.

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Because of high wear resistance and low cost, high chromium cast iron liner plate is the most commonly used liner for HZS series concrete mixing station at present. However, in normal operation, the high-chromium cast iron liner produced by conventional casting process is easy to crack at its corners. We found that the cracking reasons of this type of liner plate are mainly the lower cast impact toughness, slightly higher hardness, and there has not gotten a good matching between the hard particles and the matrix organizations. Thus we used the secondary heat treatment to slightly reduce the hardness and increase the impact toughness of cast iron liner plate, which can improve the wear resistance and impact resistance of the liner material to extend the service life of these cast iron liners.

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Shim, Sung Yong, Hwan Goo Seong, Jin Ho Jeong i Su Gun Lim. "Application of Inclined Cooling Plate to Fabrication of Semi-Solid Cast Iron". Materials Science Forum 544-545 (maj 2007): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.195.

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The influence of angles of inclined cooling plate on cast structure and mechanical properties of cast iron was investigated experimentally in 3.1 wt.% C containing hypoeutectic semisolid cast irons fabricated by flowing the molten melt over the inclined cooling plate and pouring into a preheated permanent mold. The variables used in this study were angles of the cooling plate (5 ~ 15 deg) and the mold temperatures (500~700 deg). The microstructure of resultant specimens were characterized by measuring grain sizes of primary austenite and its solid fraction, using an optical microscope equipped with a digital image analyzer. It was shown that the spherical-like austenite (1.4 aspect ratio) was formed at the cast iron specimens prepared in employing a 10 deg angle of the inclined cooling plate. This was ascribed to the relative extent of duration time of the flowing melt which determine the solidification rate of the melt. The peak hardness and impact values were achieved in the semi-solid cast iron specimen with relatively more spherical austenite. The measured values were approximately 44HRC and 1.71 J/cm2.

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Kataria, Prashant Singh. "Analysis of Friction Disc of Single Plate Clutch by using Ansys". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 6 (30.06.2022): 2767–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44442.

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Abstract: A Clutch is a machine member used to connect the driving shaft to a driven shaft, so that the driven shaft may be started or stopped at will, without stopping the driving shaft. A clutch thus provides an interruptible connection between two rotating shafts. The present used material for friction disc is Grey Cast Iron, Sintered Iron, Kevlar, Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite etc . In this thesis analysis is performed using C45 and Sialons materials. These materials are considered due to their Specific Properties. In this thesis C45 and Sialons materials are taken. A single plate clutch is designed and modeled using SpaceClaim in Ansys software. Static analysis is done on the clutch to determine stresses and deformations using materials Grey Cast Iron, Sintered Iron, Kevlar, Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite, C45 and Sialons. Analysis is done in Ansys. Theoretical calculations are also done to determine stresses.

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Komarov, O. S., E. V. Rozenberg i K. E. Baranowski. "COMPLEX MODIFICATION OF GRAY CAST IRON". Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), nr 1 (14.03.2017): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2017-1-16-20.

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The influence of the complex modifier by chemical – active and surface-active additives of gray cast iron on the size of chill and on the width of molted iron zone was researched. The width of a chill zone and molted iron zones were measured at chank ends of various diameter cores. The cores were casted on a massive steel plate and also in standard chill tests. It was established that additional adding of surface-active bismuth in structure of various graphitizing modifiers promoted to reduce the width a chill zone and molted iron zones. It was established that the complex modifiers consisting of chemical – active and surfaceactive components are effective in fight with chill in cast iron castings and can be recommended for application in foundry shops of the entities of a machine-building profile for production of high-quality castings.

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Kataria, Prashant Singh, Ruchika Saini i U. K. Joshi. "Analysis of Friction Disc of Single Plate Clutch by using Ansys: A Review". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 4 (30.04.2022): 3014–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41973.

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Abstract: A Clutch is a machine member used to connect the driving shaft to a driven shaft, so that the driven shaft may be started or stopped at will, without stopping the driving shaft. A clutch thus provides an interruptible connection between two rotating shafts. The present used material for friction disc is Grey Cast Iron, Sintered Iron, Kevlar, Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite etc . In this thesis analysis is performed using C45 and Sialons materials. These materials are considered due to their Specific Properties. In this thesis C45 and Sialons materials are taken. A single plate clutch is designed and modeled using SpaceClaim in Ansys software. Static analysis is done on the clutch to determine stresses and deformations using materials Grey Cast Iron, Sintered Iron, Kevlar, Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite, C45 and Sialons. Analysis is done in Ansys. Theoretical calculations are also done to determine stresses. Keywords: Clutch, Friction Disc, Static Analysis, Ansys, SpaceClaim.

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10

Zhou Yijun, 周益军, 张永康 Zhang Yongkang, 游文明 You Wenming i 尹晨 Yin Chen. "Forming of Brittle Nodular Cast Iron Plate by Laser Thermal Stress". Chinese Journal of Lasers 35, nr 6 (2008): 937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl20083506.0937.

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Psyllaki, P., G. Pantazopoulos i P. Karaiskos. "Failure Mechanisms of an Automobile Clutch Assembly Cast Iron Pressure Plate". Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention 12, nr 1 (30.11.2011): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11668-011-9523-3.

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Miranda, G., M. Buciumeanu, MM Costa, F. Bartolomeu, FS Silva i O. Carvalho. "Metallic reinforcements role on aluminum silicon composites wear behavior". Journal of Composite Materials 51, nr 19 (13.11.2016): 2805–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316678052.

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This study is concerned with the influence of four metallic reinforcements on aluminum-silicon (AlSi) composites, with respect to wear behavior. AlSi-Ti; AlSi-Ti6Al4V; AlSi-1.4301 stainless steel and AlSi-Ni particulate reinforced composites were produced by a hot-pressing route. Microstructural characterization showed a uniform distribution of the reinforcing particles in the AlSi matrix. Reciprocating pin-on-plate wear tests were performed for AlSi and AlSi-based composites against gray cast iron plates. In order to compare the effect of different metallic particulates on the AlSi-based composites/gray cast iron tribopair wear performance, besides the pin, the counterface was also analyzed. The particle/matrix interface is analyzed in order to understand its influence on the tribopair behavior and on the controlling wear mechanisms. It was shown that the better compromise between both sliding surfaces performance was attained by AlSi-Ni/gray cast iron tribopair.

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Suwandono, Purbo, i Nova Risdiyanto Ismail. "Pengaruh Bentuk Permukaan Absorber Pelat Terhadap Produktivitas dan Efisiensi Solar Still". Jurnal Energi dan Teknologi Manufaktur (JETM) 2, nr 02 (31.12.2019): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jetm.v2i02.42.

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Based on previous research, research on the development of solar distillation models is needed. Development of absorbent plates (absorber) using cast concrete material with fin, wave and flat models as a comparison. The fin and wave absorber plates can expand the surface, thereby increasing the intensity of solar radiation received by the absorber. Cast concrete is a porous material that can absorb sea water and make a thin layer, making it easier for the evaporation process and can improve solar distillation performance In this study using the experimental method. Solar still research by examining the surface of a cast concrete absorber plate. The surface of the absorbent plate used is the fin, wave and flat / conventional models. Cast concrete uses stone, iron sand, PCC cement and water. The study used variations in water volume The research resulted in the surface shape of the fin model can increase the productivity of fresh water and the efficiency of solar still using a plate absorbent fin model is higher than the wave and flat models. A smaller volume of sea water can increase productivity higher than a larger volume of sea water.

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Biernacki, R., R. Haratym, J. Tomasik i J. Kwapisz. "Shape Accuracy of Iron Precision Castings in Terms of Ceramic Moulds Physical Properties Anisotropy". Archives of Foundry Engineering 14, nr 1 (1.03.2014): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2014-0001.

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Abstract While analyzing shape accuracy of ferroalloy precision castings in terms of ceramic moulds physical anisotropy, low-alloy steel castings ("cover") and cast iron ("plate") were included. The basic parameters in addition to the product linear shape accuracy are flatness deviations, especially due to the expanded flat surface which is cast plate. For mentioned castings surface micro-geometry analysis was also carried, favoring surface load capacity tp50 for Rmax = 50%. Surface load capacity tp50 obtained for the cast cover was compared with machined product, and casting plate surface was compared with wear part of the conveyor belt. The results were referred to anisotropy of ceramic moulds physical properties, which was evaluated by studying ceramic moulds samples in computer tomography equipment Metrotom 800

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Plume, Gifford, i Carl-Ernst Rousseau. "Investigation into the Spall Strength of Cast Iron". International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation 13, nr 2 (1.04.2012): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijnsns.2011.098.

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Abstract The spall strength of cast iron has been investigated by means of planar plate impact experiments conducted in a vacuum. A single stage gas gun was utilized to drive projectiles to velocities between 100 and 300 m/sec, resulting in low to moderate shock loading of the cast iron specimens. Measurement of the stress histories were made with the use of commercial manganin stress gauges that were imbedded between the back face of the cast iron specimen and a low impedance backing of polycarbonate. Spall strength values were calculated utilizing the measured peak stress and minimum stress pullback signals captured in the stress history. Spall Strength values were found to vary between 0.98 and 1.45 GPa for the cast iron tested. Post-Mortem analysis of recovered specimen has provided insight into the evolution of spall failure in cast iron and shed light on the varying nature of the spall strength values calculated. It was determined that the lower bound of strength values was associated with small scale micro-failure, while the upper bound values corresponded to complete spall fracture.

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Liu, Shi Bin, Xiang Cai Meng, Hong Bo Li i Xing Ming Zhao. "Effect of Technology for Semi Solid State Cooling Plate on Primary Carbides and Mechanical Property of Hypereutectic High Chromium Cast Iron". Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (maj 2014): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.100.

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In this paper, research the hypereutectic high chromium cast iron by the methed of semi-solid method for cooling inclined plate. Influence of cooling rate on size of primary carbides and mechanical property of hypereutectic high chromium cast iron. The results showed that, speed up the cooling speed can effectively refine eutectic primary carbides in hypereutectic high chromium cast iron. The primary carbides was globularity and slug, provided with excellent mechanical properties. But when the cooling speed is too fast, the pouring temperature is too low, so that the liquid metal has high viscosity, poor mobility. there were a small amount of inclusions in the Preparation of casting. Although still generate pieces of fine carbides in the matrix, but the distribution is not uniform. disadvantage of the comprehensive performance.

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Inanlou, Arash, S. Hossein Seyedein i M. Reza Aboutalebi. "The Effect of Semi-Solid Parameters on the Microstructure and Hardness of High Chromium Cast Irons". Key Engineering Materials 457 (grudzień 2010): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.84.

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High chromium cast iron samples of 14% Cr and 24% Cr were produced in sand and permanent mold using semi-solid casting process. A series of experiments were carried out to clarify the effect of copper cooling plate and mold cooling rate on microstructure, particularly morphology and sphericity of primary austenite, hardness and heat treatment cycles. Results show that for 14% Cr and 24% cast irons casting at 10 and 15 degrees of inclined plate result in better sphericity and distribution of primary austenite and carbides. Moreover hardness comparison of both semi-solid iron alloys using copper cooling plate at of this special morphologies resulted from cooling plate investigated by making them heat treat at 1050 centigrade °C for 1 and 2 hours. Hardness results show both heat treated 14 and 24% Cr alloy in 1 hours have hardness comparable with those alloys traditionally cast optimum angles with respect to conventional casting show higher hardness in every condition. Effect but heat treated in 2 hours. Finally X-Ray diffraction pattern taken from specimens before and after heat treatment confirmed with observed phases in optical microscopy before and after heat treatment.

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Tani, Yasuhiro, Yu Zhang, Yuji Kawahata i Okiharu Kirino. "G1300106 Similarity between Cast Iron Lapping Plate and Porous Polyurethane Polishing Pad". Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2015 (2015): _G1300106——_G1300106—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2015._g1300106-.

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Muumbo, Alex, Mitsuharu Takita i Hiroyuki Nomura. "Processing of Semi-Solid Gray Cast Iron Using the Cooling Plate Technique". MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 44, nr 5 (2003): 893–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.44.893.

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Iddan, Noam, Dana Ashkenazi i Deborah Cvikel. "The Production of Marine Iron Objects in Europe Following the First Industrial Revolution: The Akko Tower Shipwreck Test Case". Applied Sciences 13, nr 17 (31.08.2023): 9845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13179845.

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Four ferrous objects, a winch, a heart-shaped shackle, a deadeye strap with a futtock plate, and a stud-link chain controller, that were retrieved from the Akko Tower shipwreck were studied by different methods, including conventional metallography, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, optical emission spectroscopy, microhardness measurements, and the novel field multi-focal metallography (FMM), in order to determine their composition, microstructure, and manufacturing methods. The results of FMM agree well with conventional destructive metallography. The winch drum was made of grey cast iron and its shaft was wrought iron; the heart-shaped shackle and the deadeye strap with a futtock plate were wrought iron; and the stud-link chain controller was grey cast iron similar in composition and microstructure to the winch. All the wrought iron items revealed a similar composition and microstructure. Based on the composition, microstructure, and manufacturing processes of the four items, it is suggested that they were manufactured in the mid-nineteenth century. The high quality of these items indicates that they were produced using controlled processes, probably in the same workshop.

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Zhang, Zhi Feng, Jun Xu, Yue Long Bai i Ya Bao Wang. "Semisolid Forging of Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloy for Automobile AC Compressor Components". Solid State Phenomena 192-193 (październik 2012): 551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.192-193.551.

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Semisolid forging process, characterized by short process, near-net shape, low cost, and high performance, is increasingly playing an important role in lightweighting transportation systems for light metals. In this study, semisolid forging process for hypereutectic Al-Si alloy, as a substitute for nodular cast iron, was applied in producing automobile AC compressor components. The results showed that hypereutectic Al-Si alloy swash plate thixo-forged had higher strength than nodular cast iron one by optimizing forming process parameters.

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Szczęsny, Andrzej, Dariusz Kopyciński, Edward Guzik, Grzegorz Soból, Krzysztof Piotrowski, Paweł Bednarczyk i Władysław Paul. "SHAPING OF DUCTILE CAST IRON DEDICATED FOR SLAG LADLE". Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 26, nr 2 (4.06.2020): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/ams.26.2.312.

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In industrial conditions, ductile iron was prepared and two molds were made, in which a 600mm thick plate was formed. Filling system for one mold was placed vertically and for the second -horizontally. In order to obtain cooling curves, "S" type thermocouples have been placed in the mold. After cooling the casts, the samples from the fixing points of thermocouples were cut by the trepanning method. In the "vertical" cast sample shrinkage porosity was observed, while in the "horizontal" cast sample no porosity was detected. A significant difference in the recorded temperature in the center of the casts was discovered, indicating a defect in "vertical" cast.

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Kasvayee, Keivan Amiri, Matteo Ciavatta, Ehsan Ghassemali, Ingvar L. Svensson i Anders E. W. Jarfors. "Effect of Boron and Cross-Section Thickness on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ductile Iron". Materials Science Forum 925 (czerwiec 2018): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.925.249.

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Eeffect of Boron addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ductile iron, GJS-500-7 grade was studied. Three cast batches with the Boron content of 10, 49 and 131ppm were cast in a casting geometry containing plates with thicknesses of 7, 15, 30, 50 and 75mm. Microstructure analysis, tensile test, and hardness test were performed on the samples which were machined from the casting plates. Addition of 49 ppm Boron decreased pearlite fraction by an average of 34±6% in all the cast plates. However, minor changes were observed in the pearlite fraction by increasing Boron from 49 to 131 ppm. Variation in the plate thickness did not affect the pearlite fraction. The 0.2% offset yield and ultimate tensile strength was decreased by an average of 11±1% and 18±2%, respectively. Addition of 49 ppm Boron decreased Brinell hardness by 16±1%, while 11±2% reduction was obtained by addition of 131ppm Boron.

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Ibrahim, Abdulwehab, Perk Lin Chong, Vicnesvaran Rajasekharan, Mohamed Muzuhin Ali, Omar Suliman Zaroong i Nurye Oumer Ahmed. "Investigation of the effect of different materials on convective heat transfer". Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 14, nr 2 (16.06.2020): 6642–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.14.2.2020.08.0520.

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Conventionally, the study of convection heat transfer merely focuses on the behavior of air flow without considering the conductive effect of the horizontal flat plate. However, it is expected that the conductive effect of the horizontal plate somewhat affects the air flow temperature across the flat plate. Therefore, it is motivated to study the variation of air flow temperature across different materials of flat plate in various time frame. The materials used in this study are aluminium, stainless steel and cast iron. Infrared camera and FloEFD simulation software are used to measure the upper surface temperature of the flat plate. For forced convection, the study is carried out within the range of 103 £ Re £ 104 and within the range of 1 × 107 £ Ra < 2.2 × 107 for natural convection. Flow velocity of 2.3 m/s, 4.1 m/s and 5.2 m/s are used for the forced convection. The results showed that aluminium plate cools down faster than the other two metal plates used in all scenarios. Stainless steel’s temperature goes down faster compared to cast iron. These results were supported by the fact that aluminium has higher heat transfer rate of other metals. For forced convection, the discrepancies of temperatures between experimental and simulation studies are below 10%, which demonstrates that the results are reasonably acceptable. For natural convection, even though the discrepancies between simulation and experimental results on temperature variations are relatively large, the temperatures varied in similar pattern. This indicates that the results are reliable.

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Pumpur, V. A., A. G. Anisovich, K. E. Baranouski, P. Yu Duvalau i V. M. Andryienka. "On Application of Internal Heat Sink Sources when Producing Castings from Wear-Resistant Chromium Cast Iron". Science & Technique 21, nr 6 (2.12.2022): 464–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-6-464-472.

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The features of the formation of castings from chromium cast iron during casting in a combined mold are studied using internal sources of heat removal introduced into the melt. A series of experiemеnts has been carried out with wear-resistant chromium cast iron. The following macrocoolers have been used: a 0.5 mm thick silumin plate containing 3–5 % Ti; a mixture of borax and crushed ferrochrome (1–4 mm); white cast iron shot. The phase composition of the samples has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis, and their microstructure has been also studied. Hardness testing has been carried out on specimens obtained with cast iron shot. The most effective method of using an internal source of heat removal, which has a significant effect on the cooling rate of the casting and its microstructure, has been determined. The most promising was a mixture of borax and crushed ferrochrome particles, which did not dissolve in the melt and formed zones with local structure refinement, as well as white cast iron shot, a more technological alternative to ferrochrome. The use of white cast iron shot has led to a refinement of the structure of the part “Backing sheet У3.1,1 [U3.1.1]” made of wear-resistant chromium cast iron, as well as to an increase in the hardness of its working surface by 2.6 HRC. Almost all of the shot introduced into the melt has been melted. As a result of the research, it has been revealed that the use of ferrochrome and white cast iron shot is an effective way of local structure refinement and a practical possibility of obtaining a part made of chromium cast iron with increased hardness. All this can increase the wear resistance of parts of crushing and grinding equipment.

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Suharno, Bambang, Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono, Tresna Priyana Soemardi i Rianti Dewi Sulamet-Ariobimo. "The Effects of Plates Position in Vertical Casting Producing Thin Wall Ductile Iron". Advanced Materials Research 277 (lipiec 2011): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.277.66.

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In the general rule of casting design the thickest part of the cast should be placed near to the ingate. This arrangement was meant to guarantee the completion of filling process. An unusual vertical casting design to produce plates with different thicknesses was established based on the idea that the heat from molten metal will always warm up its entire runner. In this design the thinnest plate is placed near to the ingate. The design was made for producing thin wall ductile iron. This research was conducted to see the effects of reverse thickness arrangement in casting design to the microstructure and mechanical properties of the plates. Plates produced by this design were compared to plates produced by the same design with general casting arrangement. Thicknesses of the plates produced in this casting were 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm. The moulds used were made from furan sand. Beside experiment, casting design simulation with Z-Cast was also conducted to ensure the completion of filling process and to see the manner of solidification. Casting simulation showed that arrangement of plates gave different filling and solidification manners. Although there were some differences, the filling was successful for both arrangements of plates. Skin effect was found in both designs. Nodule counts and nodularity were higher in the new design while average nodule diameters were lower. The result gained in tensile and hardness test did not follow the correlations in the characteristic of graphite. Mechanical properties showed that position of plate, ignoring the thickness, influence tensile strength and hardness.

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Song, J. M., T. S. Lui i L. H. Chen. "Effect of carbon equivalent and spheroidizer addition on the morphology of strip cast white cast iron plate". International Journal of Cast Metals Research 12, nr 2 (wrzesień 1999): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13640461.1999.11819346.

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Gutauskas, Marius, Jonas Bacevičius i Mindaugas Kazimieras Leonavičius. "Cyclic Fracture Analysis of Semi-Natural Cast Iron Plate with Metallurgical Defects Layer". Solid State Phenomena 165 (czerwiec 2010): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.165.61.

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Fatigue fracture of the semi-natural cast iron plate with dross and carbon float defects was analyzed. Crack formation and propagation were traced under the programmable cyclic load of the pure bending. The focuses of the crack and their consistent pattern up to the total fracture were determined. Fracture analysis was performed by using optical and electronic microscopy methods. High-cycle fracture mechanism was established when the number of the cycles exceeded 108. The influence of the microstructure upon fracture process was investigated.

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Guterres, Natalino Fonseca Da Silva, Rusnaldy Rusnaldy i Achmad Widodo. "Effect of Chill Plate Thickness on Surface Hardening and Dimensional Accuracy of Nodular Cast Iron Gears Manufactured by the Chill Casting Method". Designs 7, nr 2 (11.04.2023): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs7020056.

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The gear manufacturing method is an important determinant of their performance and service life. Surface hardness and dimensional accuracy play a significant influence in determining wear and contact fatigue in gears. This study’s goal was to measure the gear profile dimensions and surface behavior of nodular cast iron made using the chill casting technique. Chill plates made of 304 stainless steel with thicknesses of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mm were used to provide good surface cooling rates during the chill casting of gears performed using open molds of silica sand. Chill plates are plated onto the walls of the mold, and then the molten material is poured at 1400 °C. The obtained gears were tested using photographs, microstructures, SEM-EDX, microhardness, wear, and dimensional measurements. The thickness of the chill plate can affect the hardening process of the gear surface. Thicker chill plates result in slower cooling rates, resulting in a more homogeneous microstructure and increasing the hardness level of the hardened layer. Whereas thinner chill plates result in a faster cooling rate, which results in a higher hardness and wear resistance of the hardened layer. Reducing the thickness of the chill plate from 0.6 mm to 0.2 mm increases the cooling rate and increases the amount of diffusion that can occur. The results showed that M7C3 and the (FeCrC)7C3 matrices were formed, with an average hardness within a range of 700–994.96 HV. A chill plate with a thickness of 0.4 mm produces gear with the best accuracy and precision.

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Wróbel, T., i J. Szajnar. "Bimetallic Casting: Ferritic Stainless Steel – Grey Cast Iron". Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, nr 3 (1.09.2015): 2361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0385.

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Abstract The paper presents the problem of obtaining a permanent diffusional joint between the working surface layer and the base part in a bimetallic casting. The studied bimetallic casting was obtained as a result of using the founding method of layer coating directly in the cast process. The casting prepared using this method consists of two fundamental parts, i.e., the grey cast iron base and the working surface layer which constitutes of X6Cr 13 high-chromium stainless steels plate. Based on the obtained results it was confirmed that the decisive phenomena that are needed to create a permanent joint between the two components of the bimetallic casting are carbon and heat transport from the high-carbon and hot base material which was poured into the mould in the form of liquid metal to the low-carbon and cold material of the working layer which was placed in the mould cavity in the form of a monolithic insert.

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Avcı, Ahmet, Nevzat İlkaya, Mehmet Şimşir i Ahmet Akdemir. "Mechanical and microstructural properties of low-carbon steel-plate-reinforced gray cast iron". Journal of Materials Processing Technology 209, nr 3 (luty 2009): 1410–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.03.052.

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He, Bin Feng. "Foundry Technique Designing of the Nodular Cast Iron Casting". Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (sierpień 2014): 1162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.1162.

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The traditional method has been used to the foundry technique for the melt block mobile plate. The pouring position,the parting face and some of the casting parameters were determined, such as the allowance for finish, stripping taper, the rate of shrinkage and soon on. The commercial casting simulation software was introduced into the casting process, the filling and solidification process were calculated by it. The results shown that there are some shrinkage exists in the original technique and the filling process were inordinate. The gating system was optimized and according to the simulation results, the shrinkages in the original technique were eliminated and the filling process is smoothly which could help the designer to make a correct determination.

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Wang, Liang Liang, Yun Hua Xu i Li Sheng Zhong. "Abrasive Wear Characteristics of In Situ TiC-Reinforced Iron Matrix Surface Gradient Composites". Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (czerwiec 2012): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.81.

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An in-situ synthesis process combining an infiltration casting with a following heating treatment was applied to fabricate special titanium carbide (TiC) particles-reinforced iron matrix surface gradient composites in this article. The microstructure and wear-resistance of the titanium carbide particle reinforced iron matrix surface gradient composites were researched by using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and abrasive wear testing. The results showed that two materials had been reacted completely between the titanium plate and gray cast iron, and the titanium carbide particles distributed in the matrix with the thickness of 266.7 μm reaction layer. The average size of titanium carbide between titanium plate and iron matrix was about 1-2μm. Under the same condition, the wear mechanism of titanium carbide particles-reinforced iron matrix surface gradient composites appeared as: micro-ploughing, micro-cutting and broken titanium carbide.

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Takagi, Yasuo, Toshiharu Kikuchi i Chuji Katayama. "A new image-plate reader for various sizes and shapes". Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 5, nr 3 (1.05.1998): 854–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049598000636.

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A new image-plate reader which can read image plates (IPs) having various sizes and shapes has been developed. The machine consists of a rotating laser head to induce luminescence photons from IPs and a porous cylindrical holder made of a composite of cast iron and porous ceramic – so-called `breathnite'. Image plates can be fixed onto the inner surface of the cylindrical holder by evacuating the outer surface through a vacuum chamber with a mechanical pump. Image plates having various shapes and sizes up to 400 × 400 mm can be fixed without covering the open surface on the cylinder. In spite of such flexibility to various applications, the reader produces competitive performances compared with other commercial readers.

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Babaghorbani, P., S. Salarfar i Mahmoud Nili-Ahmadabadi. "Kinetics of Coarsening and Solid Sphericity during Reheating of Ductile Iron and Al Alloys". Solid State Phenomena 116-117 (październik 2006): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.116-117.205.

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Reheating process in the semi-solid state is a very important step in the thixoforming process. In this research semi-solid ductile cast iron and Al alloys (Al-2.5Si, Al356) prepared by inclined plate method, were reheated to examine the effect of reheating conditions on the microstructure and coarsening kinetics of the alloys. For ductile cast iron, solid fraction at different reheating temperatures and holding times was obtained and based on these results the optimum reheating temperature range was determined. In the case of Al alloys increase of holding time in the semi-solid state, leads to increase of liquid fraction, solid grain size and improvement of sphericity of solid particles. In addition, the results show that coarsening kinetics of microstructures of both alloys during reheating was diffusion controlled and can be mostly treated by Ostwald ripening theory.

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TOMIMOTO, Atsushi, Tadao NAKAGOMI, Aki KITAGAWA, Eiichirho SAEKI i Kosuke ASHIDUKA. "FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF SHEROIDAL GRAPHITE CAST IRON AND ESTIMATE MAXIMUM LOAD OF PERFORATED PLATE". Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 76, nr 666 (2011): 1393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.76.1393.

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Silva, M. J., P. S. B. Zdanski i M. Vaz Jr. "Forced convection on grey cast iron plate-fins: Prediction of the heat transfer coefficient". International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 81 (luty 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2016.11.007.

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Deng, Yong, Ran Liu, Jianliang Zhang i Kexin Jiao. "Manufacturing technology and application of cooling stave in blast furnace". Metallurgical Research & Technology 117, nr 5 (2020): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2020049.

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The service life of blast furnace (BF) is depending on the cooling equipment of furnace body, cooling stave which is an important cooling equipment for BF has attracted more attention. In the current paper, the classification of BF cooling staves in China was introduced, cast iron stave, cast steel stave, copper stave, and copper-steel composite stave were used on different parts of furnace body. The manufacture of cooling staves was studied, evaporative pattern casting (EPC) was favored due to high automation and environmental protection. The strong combination between steel plate and copper plate of copper-steel composite stave could be ensured under high-speed oblique impact through explosive welding. High density and high thermal conductivity of copper stave could be obtained by efficient rolling technology. The performance and application of BF cooling stave were investigated, the advantages and disadvantages of the various cooling staves were analysed, the thermal resistance between the steel water pipe and the cast iron body accounted for about 80% of the total thermal resistance which would affect the cooling effect of cast iron stave. The significant cost advantage of copper-steel composite stave was found compared with copper stave, test results of copper-steel composite stave in a commercial BF showed that the cooling effect is equivalent to that of the copper stave. The suitable cooling stave in BF should be selected according to the characteristics of the various cooling staves, the heat transfer balance and the stability of the skull on the hot face must be ensured to protect the cooling stave.

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Shao, Xing Hai, Jing Pei Xie, Wen Yan Wang, Yan Li, Pin Gan Zhou i Hui Wu Yu. "Wear Resistance of Nano TiN Strengthen High Chromium Cast Iron". Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (listopad 2012): 2410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.2410.

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The effects and the mechanisms of namo TiN on the high chromium cast iron are studied, the material has been prepared through infiltration casting and addition of high carbon ferrochrome powder and nano TiN powder. The alloy is formed on the surfaced of guide plate, and the wear resistance of alloy have been studied by means of SEM, XRD micro-analysis and wear-resistant performance. The grain size and the type of carbide in the organization are affected by nano TiN, and the wear resistance of carbon chromium alloy layer is affected by the type of carbide; when the addition of nano TiN is 1% (wt), the grain size is apparently refined, overeutectic primary M7C3 in the hypereutectic is precipitated uniformly in considerable amounts, therefore the wear resistance of alloy can be improved effectively.

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Zhang, Xi, Li Sheng Zhong, Na Na Zhao, Vladimir E. Ovcharenko, Hong Wu i Yun Hua Xu. "General Process for In Situ Formation of Iron-Matrix Surface Composites Reinforced by Carbide Ceramic". Materials Science Forum 852 (kwiecień 2016): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.467.

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Ceramic particles with high hardness and thermal stability can be used to fabricate in situ carbide particulate-reinforced iron-matrix surface composites with high macro-hardness while retaining high toughness. This paper describes a general process by which in situ carbide particulate-reinforced iron-matrix surface composites with hard ceramic particles are readily formed by a novel in situ synthesis process that combines an infiltration casting process with subsequent heat treatment. The basis of our approach is integrating selected plates of different alloys that can form carbide easily into a metal matrix with a certain amount of carbon such as gray or ductile cast iron by casting to form alloy plates reinforced iron-matrix surface composites. Subsequent thermal treatment of resulting composites leads to alloy elements of plate reacting to the carbon in the matrix to form carbide particles. This approach is applicable to a wide range of materials and morphologies, and can be used in composites and machining tools, as well as in the wear-resistant component industry.

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Balos, Sebastian, Daniel Howard, Adrian Brezulianu i Danka Labus Zlatanović. "Perforated Plate for Ballistic Protection—A Review". Metals 11, nr 4 (24.03.2021): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11040526.

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In recent years, the interest of the scientific community in perforated plates for ballistic protection has increased. Perforated plates do not represent protection by themselves, rather, they are used in the armour systems of armoured vehicles, in conjunction with base armour, since they are intended to induce bend stresses, where a penetrating core fracture occurs. The fragments are subsequently stopped by base armoured vehicle armour. Although for the first time used several decades ago, perforated plates are found to be attractive even today. The main reason is the combination of very convenient properties. Besides high mass effectiveness, they possess a high multi-impact resistance, since their perforations arrest cracks. Therefore, a relatively wide array of materials is suitable for perforated plate fabrication, ranging from alloy steel to some types of cast iron. Being made of metallic materials, raw material costs are relatively low compared to ceramics or composite materials, making them very attractive for present and future armoured vehicles. Finally, armour system consisting of a perforated plate and base plate at some distance, reduce the effectiveness of both shaped charge jets and act as blast mitigators.

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Pranami, Hitesh. "Analysis of Distortion in Butt Joints of Mild Steel Plate and Cast Iron Plate in Manual Metal Arc Welding Process". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, nr 4 (30.04.2019): 1008–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.4180.

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Kang, Jinwu, Xiaokun Ha, Gang Nie, Haimin Long, Tianjiao Wang i Yongyi Hu. "A benchmark experiment of the mold filling of a cast iron plate by lost foam casting". Material Science & Engineering International Journal 4, nr 1 (29.01.2020): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2020.04.00120.

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In lost foam casting (LFC), the presence of an expanded polystyrene (EPS) inside the mold leads to new features for the filling of the melt. The burning of the EPS pattern has great effect on its filling. To provide benchmark experiments for the modeling and numerical simulation of the mold filling process for LFC, a vertical plate with a window was selected. The window was designed in variation of sizes and distances to the borders so as to investigate the melt filling of a series of narrow paths in LFC. The designed EPS pattern were made and the corresponding molds were prepared and melt cast iron was poured. The measurement system of liquid metal filling based on modified contact time method (METM) was used. The filling of measured points was illustrated by an array of light-emitting diodes (LED) arranged resembling the shape of the casting, with the lightening of each diode representing the filling time instant of the measurement point. The filling times of all the points were obtained by the image analysis of recorded movie. The filling profiles and filling velocity during filling process were obtained. The filling results provide support for numerical simulation of LFC. Keywords: Lost foam casting (LFC), mold filling, modified contact time method, LED display, plate casting, cast iron

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Shin, J. E., M. J. Jang, J. Y. Koo, S. K. Ahn i M. J. Yu. "Variation of biofilm formation on distribution pipe depending on water treatment processes and pipe materials". Water Supply 7, nr 4 (1.12.2007): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.091.

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Biofilms may appear as a patchy mass in some pipe sections and may lead to deterioration of bacterial water quality, amplification of corrosion, and generation of bad tastes and odors. Characteristics of biofilm formation were studied depending on pipe materials, water treatment processes and temperature. From the results of this study, on the whole, HPC (heterotrophic plate count) increased with lapse of time and decreased according to decrease of temperature. The highest HPC showed on CIP (cast iron pipe) material for all treatment processes. The lowest HPC showed on CIPP (cured in place pipe) liner and SSP (stainless steel pipe) material. The high HPC showed in the pipe feeding tap water. The mean HPC of room temperature was higher than that of low temperature. The results of pilot test, the HPC of DCIP (ductile cast iron pipe) was higher than that of CIPP. The results of investigation on the field, we could see correlation between AOC concentration of tap water on the field and the HPC in tubercle. In the identification of species in biofilm, on the whole, Pseudomonas spp. dominated.

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Baasansuren, B., B. Purevdorzh, O. Galaa i B. D. Lygdenov. "INVESTIGATION OF WEAR OF A MULTILAYER PLATE CUTTER WHEN CUTTING HIGH-CHROMIUM WHITE CAST IRON". Современные наукоемкие технологии (Modern High Technologies), nr 4 2022 (2022): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/snt.39102.

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Gróza, Márton, i Károly Váradi. "Total fatigue life analysis of a nodular cast iron plate specimen with a center notch". Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, nr 12 (grudzień 2017): 168781401774254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017742546.

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Liu, Jin Zhi, Yan Jun Han i Feng Li Qiao. "The Casting Process Design and Simulation of the Rear Wearing Plate of 65ZGB Slurry Pump". Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (marzec 2012): 3777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.3777.

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Four kinds of casting process were designed for the rear wearing plate of 65ZGB slurry pump in this paper. The casting process design principle, process parameters, points of attention, and the simulation parameters for the kind of high chromium cast iron casting were introduced. Huazhu CAE was used to optimize the casting process and the best casting process was selected. Practical production also showed that the casting process can reduce shrinkage defects of the casting.

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Akimov, O. V., A. P. Marchenko, V. I. Alyokhin, V. Soloshenko, O. Y. Shinsky, S. I. Klymenko i K. O. Kostyk. "Computer Engineering and Design of Cast Parts for Internal Combustion Engine Crankcase". Journal of Engineering Sciences 6, nr 2 (2019): e24-e30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/jes.2019.6(2).e4.

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This paper discusses the formulation of the problem of designing the cast parts block-crankcases engine in order to ensure its quality for the case study of cast iron parts of the cylinder block inline four-cylinder gasoline engine with the capacity of 1.4 dm3. Material Ch190B is gray cast iron with optional chemical composition, and sulfur – no more than 0.15 %, phosphorus – no more than 0.1 %, structure – perlite plate. The results obtained in this work confirm the conclusions about the possibility of reducing the metal content of the casting and changing the technical conditions of its manufacture. According to the results of the research, the developed recommendations are aimed at stabilizing the characteristics of the metal, reducing metal consumption, and changing the technical conditions for the defectiveness of this type of castings. Recommendations for changing the configuration of the partition in order to reduce the metal content of the casting and recommendations for changing the Technical Conditions for casting defects were stated for the casting block crankcase 4ChN12/14. For defects of discontinuity type, the maximum size was defined, and controlled places of their detecting were defined. Keywords: CAD, CAE, block-crankcase, 3D model, casting defect.

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D. S. Guterres, Natalino Fonseca, Rusnaldy, Achmad Widodo i Arif Syamsudin. "Investigate Temperature Preheating on the Chill Plate to Identify Surface Characteristic on the Ductile Iron by Sand Casting". International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture 6, nr 3 (15.07.2021): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.06.03.2021.05.

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The chilled casting method is widely used in the metal casting industry to accelerate the mold's cooling rate. This method is very suitable for surface hardening by depositing the elements contained in the chill material onto the surface of the object being cast. One of the factors that influence surface hardness characteristics is the diffusion temperature. This study aims to determine the microhardness, surface layer thickness, and the element contained on the surface. The main material produced into Y-Block is ductile cast iron, the chill material is SS 304 plate with a thickness of 0.2mm. However, before the liquid material is poured into a mold, the chill plate is inserted into the surface of the pattern in the mold, then the plate was preheated. The result showed that the highest preheating temperature has produced microstructure around the surface area namely eutectic carbide of (FeCr)7C3, and (FeCr)3C. SEM-EDX analysis shows that 7.13%Cr is contained on the coating layer at a thickness of 0.020 mm and an average hardness of 700-900 HV.

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Yuan, Ju Long, Dong Qiang Yu, Zhi Wei Wang, Yi Yang, Miao Qian i Bing Hai Lv. "Experimental Validation of the ‘Trap’ Effect of the Semibonded Abrasive Grinding Plate". Advanced Materials Research 53-54 (lipiec 2008): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.53-54.161.

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The semibonded abrasive machining technique is expected to get high surface integrity and processing efficiency attributed to the „trap‟ effect which can reduce or even eliminate the surface damage induced by the larger particles. The goal of the work is to validate the „trap‟ effect by the experiments of semibonded and loose abrasive machining under the conditions of adding and not adding the larger particles. Free surface damage monocrystal silicon wafers after polishing are adopted as workpieces, and 1000# SiC as abrasive particles while 180# SiC as the larger particles. The cast iron plate is used as grinding plate in the loose abrasive machining and different bond concentration semibonded abrasive grinding plate SSB-1 and SSB-2 are used as grinding plates in semibonded abrasive machining. The roughness Rv and SEM photos of workpieces surface are tested to evaluate the extent of „trap‟ effect. The result shows that the semibonded abrasive grinding plate has the „trap‟ effect. The shore hardness value of the semibonded abrasive grinding plate can be used to be one parameter to evaluate the degree of the ‟trap‟ effect of the semibonded abrasive grinding plate.

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