Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Carnosine – Health aspects”

Abstract To improve the quality of poultry meat and increase the health-promoting properties, poultry nutrition used additives such as phytobiotic substances and amino acids. The aim of this study was to analyze the possibility of improving production rates and meat quality by simultaneously supplementing broiler diets with garlic extract and β-alanine. A total of 1050 ROSS 308 broiler chickens were part of the experiment. The chickens were divided into several groups: the control group without additives (Control), groups with 0.5% garlic extract (G05) or 2% garlic extract (G2), groups with 0.5% added β-alanine (B0.5) or 2% added β-alanine (B2), and groups with both 0.5% added garlic extract and 0.5% added β-alanine (BG0.5) or 2% garlic extract and 2% added β-alanine (BG2). Each group was further divided into six replicates, with each replicate consisting of 25 birds. After 35 days of rearing, the chickens were slaughtered, and analyses were conducted on breast and leg muscle chemistry, bioactive peptide content, and the oxidative status indicator dimalondialdehyde in muscles stored under refrigeration until day 10.The results showed significant improvements in certain aspects. The BG05 group exhibited an increase in final body weight (P<0.001) and improved feed utilization (P<0.001). The β-alanine-supplemented groups showed higher levels of protein (P<0.001), carnosine (P<0.001), and anserine (P<0.001) in both breast and leg muscles. Additionally, leg muscles showed increased levels of protein (P<0.001), carnosine (P<0.001),and anserine (P<0.001).Notably, the BG05 group contained lower levels of MDA in both breast and leg muscles (P<0.001).

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of temperature and time combination on the quality of pikeperch fillets and to propose settings which allow high nutritional quality fish fillets to be obtained. The material for the study consisted of 24 farmed pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) fillets, which were evaluated raw and after sous vide (SV) cooking proceeded at 65 °C for 45 min (SV65), 75 °C for 20 min (SV75), and 90 °C for 10 min (SV90). The chemical composition was affected by SV procedure; SV90 was similar to raw samples in terms of moisture, protein, and fat content, whereas SV65 differed the most. Carnosine contents decreased in all SV samples compared with raw ones, and anserine only decreased in SV90. There were no differences in terms of fatty acid composition (% of total) between SV and raw samples. In SV75 and SV90 total viable counts, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus sp., and Staphylococcus sp. were reduced below a detection level but not in SV65. These samples also showed a better sensory quality than SV65. Therefore, SV75 and SV90 might be recommended for pikeperch fillets preparation, taking into account safety and nutritional aspects.

Oral consumption of histidyl dipeptides such as l-carnosine has been suggested to promote cardiometabolic health, although therapeutic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We recently reported that oral consumption of a carnosine analog suppressed markers of fibrosis in liver of obese mice, but whether antifibrotic effects of carnosine extend to the heart is not known, nor are the mechanisms by which carnosine is acting. Here, we investigated whether oral carnosine was able to mitigate the adverse cardiac remodeling associated with diet induced obesity in a mouse model of enhanced lipid peroxidation (i.e., glutathione peroxidase 4 deficient mice, GPx4+/−), a model which mimics many of the pathophysiological aspects of metabolic syndrome and T2 diabetes in humans. Wild-type (WT) and GPx4+/−male mice were randomly fed a standard (CNTL) or high fat high sucrose diet (HFHS) for 16 weeks. Seven weeks after starting the diet, a subset of the HFHS mice received carnosine (80 mM) in their drinking water for duration of the study. Carnosine treatment led to a moderate improvement in glycemic control in WT and GPx4+/−mice on HFHS diet, although insulin sensitivity was not significantly affected. Interestingly, while our transcriptomic analysis revealed that carnosine therapy had only modest impact on global gene expression in the heart, carnosine substantially upregulated cardiac GPx4 expression in both WT and GPx4+/−mice on HFHS diet. Carnosine also significantly reduced protein carbonyls and iron levels in myocardial tissue from both genotypes on HFHS diet. Importantly, we observed a robust antifibrotic effect of carnosine therapy in hearts from mice on HFHS diet, which further in vitro experiments suggest is due to carnosine’s ability to suppress collagen-cross-linking. Collectively, this study reveals antifibrotic potential of carnosine in the heart with obesity and illustrates key mechanisms by which it may be acting.

Abstract Context Mental ill-health is a common and growing issue, affecting 1 in 8 individuals or 970 million people worldwide in 2019. Histidine-containing dipeptides (HCDs) have been suggested to mitigate some aspects of mental ill-health, but a quantitative synthesis of the evidence is lacking. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted. Objective To summarize the evidence on the effects of HCDs on mental health outcomes. Data Source A systematic literature search was performed using electronic databases (Medline via Ovid, Embase via Ovid, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane) from inception to October, 2022. Data Extraction Two authors independently extracted data using a structured extraction format. Data Analysis Data analysis was performed using STATA version 17. Random-effects models were used, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. Quality appraisal was performed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias 2.0 tool and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Conclusion 5507 studies were identified, with 20 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Eighteen studies comprising 776 participants were included in the meta-analysis. HCD supplementation (anserine/carnosine, l-carnosine, β-alanine) caused a significant reduction in depression scores measured with the Becks Depression Inventory (−0.79; 95% CI: −1.24, -0.35; moderate certainty on GRADE) when compared with placebo. An increase in quality-of-life scores measured with the 36-item Short-Form survey (SF-36) (0.65; 95% CI: 0.00, 1.30) and low certainty on GRADE in HCDs (anserine/carnosine, l-carnosine, β-alanine) when compared with placebo were found. However, the rest of the outcomes did not show a significant change between HCD supplementation and placebo. Although the number of studies included in the meta-analysis was modest, a significant mean reduction was observed in depression score as well as an increase in quality-of-life score for the HCD group when compared with placebo. Most of the studies included had small sample sizes with short follow-up periods and moderate to high risk of bias, highlighting the need for further, well-designed studies to improve the evidence base. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42017075354.

Abstract Background Diabetes is a major public health issue and there is a need to develop low-cost, novel interventions to prevent or reduce disease progression. Growing evidence shows that supplementation with carnosine, or its rate-limiting precursor β-alanine, can ameliorate aspects of the metabolic dysregulation that occurs in diabetes. There is, however, a need to develop a better understanding of the magnitude of effect and the factors associated with positive outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the effect of carnosine or β-alanine supplementation on markers of glycaemic control and insulin resistance in humans and animals. Methods We will perform a systematic search for randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. Studies will be retrieved by searching electronic databases, clinical trial registers, author review, and cross-referencing. Primary outcomes include changes in (i) fasting glucose, (ii) glycated haemoglobin, and (iii) 2-h glucose following a glucose tolerance test. A set of additional outcomes includes other markers of glycaemic control and insulin resistance. Risk of bias (RoB) will be assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool (human studies) and the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) RoB tool (animal studies). Confidence in the cumulative evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. All meta-analyses will be conducted within a Bayesian framework, providing a flexible modelling approach to account for uncertainty in model parameters and underlying structures within the data. Discussion By including all available human and animal data, we will provide the most comprehensive overview on the topic to date. The results will have implications for those working in prediabetes, diabetes, and metabolic health in general and may lead to the development of new treatment approaches. Dissemination Study results will be presented at a professional conference and published in a peer-reviewed journal. Systematic review registration CRD42020191588

The Mediterranean diet, and particularly tomato rich diet is linked to favorable effects on human health and beauty. The benefits of healthy diverse nutrition on various aspects of skin wellness have been the subject of on‐going research. In recent years the role of tomato carotenoids in the photo‐protection of human skin and their contribution to beauty parameters has been gaining attention. As UV damage is a major risk factor for skin health and a major contributor to skin aging processes, protecting human skin from UV damage is of great value.The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of a supplement combining a carotenoid‐rich Tomato Nutrient Complex and Rosemary extract on cellular processes related to skin wellness and protection from UV damagePre‐clinical study in human keratinocytes revealed that both the Tomato Nutrient complex and the Carnosic acid present in Rosemary extract are potent activators of the antioxidant defense mechanism (EpRE/ARE). Furthermore, a synergistic inhibition of pro‐inflammatory cellular processes was evident. For example‐we found a synergistic inhibition of UV‐induced IL‐6 secretion following UV treatment. Of note, the effect of the whole fruit extract, containing several tomato phytonutrients was better than lycopene as a standalone as measured in several models. To further explore the mechanism by which the Tomato Nutrient Complex can help reduce photo‐damage we evaluated its protective effect in a human clinical trial. We found that tomato phytonutrients regulated the expression of a few UV‐inducible genes serving as biomarkers to skin health (eg ICAM‐I, HO‐1, MMP‐1). Moreover, preliminary results from a follow up study suggest that a supplement designed as a response to the pre‐clinical study and combining Tomato Nutrient Complex and Rosemary extract was protective in reducing erythema intensity following UV exposure.In conclusionThis study suggests that tomato phytonutrients, especially when combined with Rosemary extract possess favorable, synergistic effects on various aspects of skin health, supporting the body's own defense mechanisms and allowing the skin to better cope with environmental challenges that are reflected in both skin health and skin appearance.Support or Funding InformationThis study was founded by Lycored Ltd