Rozprawy doktorskie: „Career choice”

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Adams, Gretchen. "The factors that influence career choice". University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4671.

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Magister Artium - MA
The primary aim of the study was to examine factors that influence career choices such as the individual, situational and environmental variables. The study was conducted in the motor retail industry whereby 223 respondents participated in the study by completing the questionnaire. Participants indicated that parents’ or relatives’ advice, association with others in the field, talent, skills and abilities, business opportunities and personal interests as significant influences on their career choices. The participants also identified perceived benefits such as employment security, potential for personal growth and development and opportunity to use skills and abilities as influential factors on career choice. The study also found that in the motor retail industry participants indicated that their gender has influenced their career choice; however educational levels were not seen as an influential factor on career choice. Furthermore, the study also examined participants’ perception of organisational career support with regards to utilisation of career support activities and management’s support for career development purposes. Even though participants indicated that the organisation has exposed them to career support activities, the participants’ use of career support activities were limited to training and mentoring within the organisation or externally to assist them with career development. It is the hope of the researcher that the identified factors influencing career choice and the examination of the organisational career support systems would be helpful to human resources practitioners and career counsellors, in order to assist individuals with career decision making as well as career development within the organisation as well as externally.

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SANTOS, MATHEUS SILVEIRA CATAULI DOS. "CAREER CHOICE: A REAL OPTIONS APPROACH". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=22213@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
A escolha de uma carreira é uma das decisões mais importantes na vida de uma pessoa, e é feita em um ambiente repleto de incertezas em relação ao futuro. Este trabalho analisa o aspecto financeiro da escolha entre uma carreira numa empresa privada e uma carreira em um órgão público, com ingresso por meio de um concurso. A análise pelo tradicional fluxo de caixa descontado apresenta uma série de limitações por não captar aspectos como a incerteza e a flexibilidade da tomada de decisão. Assim é aplicada uma abordagem segundo a teoria das Opções Reais, que se mostra mais adequada a este caso, pois permite que a flexibilidade de escolha seja modelada e considerada na escolha de carreira de um indivíduo. Neste estudo, os ganhos em uma empresa privada são modelados por meio de um processo estocástico enquanto a carreira pública tem um valor determinístico. Existe flexibilidade de data em relação ao ingresso na carreira pública, porém esta decisão é irreversível. Os resultados sugerem que a opção de ingressar na carreira pública pode ter valor significativo em relação à carreira privada.
Choosing a career is one of the most important decisions in a person s life, and is done in an environment full of uncertainties about the future. This study analyzes the financial aspect of a career choice between a private company and a career in the government, with admission through a contest. The analysis through the traditional discounted cash flow would bring a lot of limitations, not capturing aspects such as uncertainty and flexibility of decision making. So real options theory approach is applied, which appears more appropriate in this case because it allows the flexibility of choice to be modeled and considered in the choice of an individual s career. In this study earnings in a private company are modeled through a stochastic process while public career has a deterministic value. There is flexibility regarding the date of entry into public career, but this decision is irreversible. The results suggest that the option of joining the public career may have significant value in relation to private career.

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Sugeng, Bambang. "Attitudes of state senior high school students of Yogyakarta toward career choice, factors of career choice, career guidance program, and career guidance package outcomes in Indonesia /". The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487676261009022.

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La, Taste Andre G., i Aaron Masaitis. "IMPACT OF RETIREMENT CHOICES OF EARLY CAREER MARINES: A CHOICE ANALYSIS MODEL". Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/32852.

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This thesis will analyze the potential impact of Marine Corps junior officer/enlisted retention if changes are implemented to the military retirement system. The research will be conducted using a discrete choice analysis methodology that is often used to differentiate factors that lead to decisions. Using an online survey, we will ask Marines within their first term of enlistment or contractual obligations to imagine themselves at the end of a contractual period and to make a choice between two proposed future career benefit packages. Each participant will be asked to make a choice between several sets of future career benefit packages. Through the use of multi-nominal logistic regression, we will identify the level of impact on retention decisions after the subjects choose differing attributes of a career package, which include retirement alternatives. Once data are collected through the survey, we will be able to predict the outcome of different retirement alternatives with a certain level of confidence.

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Muller, Karl, i n/a. "Career choice : drift, desire or decision. Factors influencing career choice of year 12 students in A.C.T. catholic schools". University of Canberra. Education, 1987. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061024.091105.

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Year 12 has been identified as a critical decision point in the career decision making process for students. Students have been found to make decisions in different ways some having already defined goals for the future others are doubtful and make tentative goals. At the end of Year 12 students are faced with the task of career decision. During the final two weeks of year 12 these students will have to make choices about their imminent future that is whether to do tertiary studies/seek apprenticeships look for immediate employment or defer studies for a time and seek employment. A review of major theories relating to career determination was undertaken. Decision-making theories have identified twelfth grade/age range 16 - 18 years, as being one of the critical decision periods for an adolescent. 355 A.C.T. Year 12 students from Catholic Colleges were given a questionnaire designed to probe students' self awareness in relation to study habits coping abilities, as well as a description of some of their personal qualities relating to school life, subject interest, and career benefits derived from the future career considered. The information gained from the Questionnaire was reduced to a number of sets of relationships by factor analysis. The personal factors of subject interest, career benefits and further study interests were examined by canonical correlation techniques with Career Types. Students with an interest in scientific careers exhibited an interest in the physical science subjects. Those with an expressed interest in a blend of science and expressive arts career were a group of students with creative ideas / leadership aspirations,an interest in cultural and physical science subject, and a desire for further- studies. Another group of year 12 students involving more girls than boys showed an interest in a cluster of careers with a social involvement component but a rejection of routine activities. Students with an interest in environmental subjects with a possession of management and living skills looked towards careers that provided out of doors activities involving social work and selling. There was a positive correlation between these personal factors and the students' choice of a career.

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Russ, Kathryn Alida. "Effects of Appalachian culture on career choice". Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1148499240.

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Thesis (Dr. of Education)--University of Cincinnati, 2006.
Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Sept. 13, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: Education, Guidance and Counseling. Includes bibliographical references.

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RUSS, KATHRYN ALIDA. "EFECTS OF APPALACHIAN CULTURE ON CAREER CHOICE". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1148499240.

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Borchert, Michael. "Career choice factors of high school students". Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002borchertm.pdf.

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Barnett, Karen Hinderliter. "The relationship of codependence to career choice". W&M ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618846.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible correlation between codependency and career choice. A review of the literature seems to indicate that the helping professions attract people who are "prone" to codependency. For this reason, this study focused on four groups of undergraduate students: nursing students, psychology students, and social work majors, as the "helping profession" students, and students majoring in business-related fields. The study was also designed to provide empirical evidence to conplement the descriptive studies which have been the main source of information available up to the present time.;Subjects were drawn from students attending Christopher Newport College and Riverside Regional Medical Center's School of Professional Nursing. Each group consisted of 40 students.;Subjects were asked to complete three self-report inventories: The Moos Family Environment Scale (FES), The Adjective Check List (ACL), (Real and Ideal), and The Behavioral Assessment Inventory, which was actually the Friel Codependency Assessment Inventory (FCDI) combined with the L and K scales of the MMPI.;It was hypothesized that: Students in helping professions will score higher on the Behavioral Assessment Inventory than business students; Students in helping professions will show a larger discrepancy between Real and Ideal Self on the ACL and will also score higher on the Nurturance and Abasement scales of the ACL than business students; and students in the helping professions will score higher on the Conflict and Control scales of the FES than business students.;None of the results were significant at the 0.05 level. However, an artifact of the research indicates there is a significant difference on the K scale (incorporated in the FCDI) (t = 2.79, p {dollar}<{dollar}.05) between helping profession and business students.

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Kantas, Artistotelis. "Occupational choice and values". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18334.

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Beinicke, Andrea [Verfasser], i Wolfgang [Gutachter] Schneider. "Career Construction Across the Life Span: Career Choice and Career Development / Andrea Beinicke ; Gutachter: Wolfgang Schneider". Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138566446/34.

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Bolibol, Christy Lyn. "Factors influencing undergraduate students' career choice in dietetics /". View online, 2003. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131132796.pdf.

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Gruner, Jana [Verfasser]. "An investigation of antecedents and consequences of career choice and career advancement / Jana Gruner". Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1219966452/34.

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Jungen, Kristen Anne. "Parental influence and career choice how parents affect the career aspirations of their children /". Online version, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008jungenk.pdf.

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張煥. "Influence of spirituality on student career choice and strategy". Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636794.

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Marton, Jacqueline Vick. "Indentifications sources of career choice in successful young women /". Click here for text online. The Institute of Clinical Social Work Dissertations website, 1991. http://www.icsw.edu/_dissertations/marton_1991.pdf.

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Dissertation (Ph.D.) -- The Institute for Clinical Social Work, 1991.
A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Institute of Clinical Social Work in partial fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

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Leahy, Catherine. "Some factors contributing to a career choice in medicine /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsl434.pdf.

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Ma, Maxine Xiaohui. "Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Career Choice among Chinese College Students". Thesis, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3669033.

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Entrepreneurship is an intentional process, where would-be entrepreneurs choose to start a business rather than out of a reflex. The exacerbating situation of structural unemployment of college graduates in China for the last decade necessitates an urgent need to study entrepreneurial intention as a career choice. To build Chinese college students' readiness for an entrepreneurial career, this paper was an investigation of entrepreneurial intention through an integrated cognitive, affective, social and developmental lens. A total sample of 1,707 senior college students from a university in China was taken and quantitative research method was utilized in this study. An empirical model for developing college students' entrepreneurial intention in China was proposed and tested using structural equation modeling. The findings of the study indicated that human capital, social capital and psychological capital all play important roles in developing students' intentions to start an entrepreneurial career in China. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and emotional intelligence emerged as the biggest predictor of entrepreneurial intention. Guanxi moderated emotional intelligence and PsyCap approved to be a precursor to the more domain specific entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Therefore, to foster self-employment and entrepreneurship among college students, universities in China should combine formal entrepreneurship education programs that develop practical entrepreneurial skills required in different stages of entrepreneurial process with training interventions that enhance emotional intelligence skills and positive psychological capital.

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Tourna-Germanou, Eleni. "Understanding, predicting and influencing business students' accounting career choice". Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2006. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20446/.

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This thesis proposes and evaluates a new integrated model of accounting career choice (ACC), drawing upon current theories of planned behaviour and work values and past accounting research. Furthermore, the thesis investigates changes to the model's constructs after business students have been exposed to a traditional versus an innovative first accounting course (FAC).Combining a longitudinal approach with a quasi-experimental design, the findings of the study show the following: First, subjective norm, attitude and perceived control are all significant predictors of first semester business students' intention to pursue a career in the accounting profession. However, regression analysis revealed that of the dimensions of attitude, only the intrinsic dimension is a significant predictor of intention. Extrinsic, prestige and social dimensions do not contribute to the prediction. Normative beliefs concerning the pursuit of an accounting career, beliefs concerning the intrinsic attributes and outcomes associated with the accounting profession and self-efficacy beliefs concerning the pursuit of an accounting career have been identified as the important sub-constructs of an ACC. Second, at the end of the traditional FAC, subjective norm has statistically significantly improved; however, all other constructs of an ACC have been negatively affected, and students' perceived control has statistically significantly deteriorated. On the other hand, at the end of an innovative FAC, intention, subjective norm and attitude have statistically significantly improved while perceived control has remained stable. Significant differences in all the constructs of an ACC have been identified among students in both the traditional and the innovative FACs. The identified differences can be attributed to the additional information about the accounting profession that students in innovative courses received through accounting practitioners' presentations. The thesis supports prior research that professional accountants making presentations is a very effective strategy of integrating information about the accounting profession into classroom practice and of influencing students' intention to pursue an accounting career.

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January, Geraldine. "The relationship between self-efficacy expectations and career-choice". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2909.

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Glaser, Robyn. "Personality and achievement motivation as determinants of career choice". Thesis, Glaser, Robyn (2012) Personality and achievement motivation as determinants of career choice. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2012. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/11123/.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between personality, achievement motivation, and career choice. One hundred and thirty six participants recruited through the psychology subject pool at Murdoch University and through snowball sampling using Facebook completed the 50-Item Set International Personality Item Pool Big-Five Factor Markers, the Cassidy and Lynn Achievement Motivation Scale, and the Personality-Related Position Requirements Form. The association between personality and career choice was generally supportive of those hypothesised by Raymark, Schmit, and Guion (1997). Achievement motivation was significantly correlated with extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness. Mediation analysis found that achievement motivation fully mediated the relationship between extraversion and general leadership and that between conscientiousness and ambition. The implication of these findings is that organisations and career advisors could have a better understanding of what type of job or career an individual prefers based on their personality. Future research might consider if individuals have had experience in their preferred career. This could allow for further comparison into whether individuals with similar personalities have similar jobs. Keywords: personality, achievement motivation, career choice

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Beeka, Beem Hassana. "Entrepreneurship as a viable career choice for Nigerian youth". Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2015. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19336/.

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This thesis investigates the career experiences of forty entrepreneurs who all started businesses under the age of 35. It contributes to knowledge by generating a conceptual model for the entrepreneurial career, opportunity identification and development process. This inductive study based upon narratives generates affective, behavioural, cognitive and discursive understanding to assert that entrepreneurship is an experience, an employment choice and a viable career option for the young. This research learns what facilitates entrepreneurship can be explained in three main concepts the trigger, precondition and core-processes. The trigger theory demonstrates that entrepreneurial alertness is bilateral; the career triggers are intentions, motivation, anchors and employment drivers, while opportunity triggers include the origins and nature of opportunity gaps. The preconditions theory shows enterprise is supported by antecedent circumstantial factors of genetics and nurture, including personality characteristics, social networks, and knowledge. The core process theory elucidates that career development occurs through identity legitimacy, managing failure, dilemmas, results and psychological satisfaction. Furthermore, opportunity development occurs through making judgmental and heuristic decisions, learning and having an operational strategy whilst responding to milieu changes. These three stages represent the entrepreneurial career and opportunity lifecycle. This thesis provides an original perspective into functional entrepreneurship, and gives voice to the career advances and sustainable opportunities of Nigerian youth entrepreneurs. The conceptual model explains the lived dimensions of entrepreneurial triggers, preconditions and core processes in practice and provides implications for young entrepreneurs, practice, policy and further research.

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Montgomery, Amanda Brooke. "KENTUCKY WOMEN TEACHERS' EDUCATION AND CAREER CHOICE DECISIONS: AN APPLICATION OF SOCIAL COGNITIVE CAREER THEORY". Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/1166.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Kentucky, 2009.
Title from document title page (viewed on May 26, 2010). Document formatted into pages; contains: vii, 76 p. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-75).

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Muller, Wayne. "Die joernalis as openbare skakelbeampte : 'n ondersoek na die teoriee en praktyk van openbare skakelwese en die interaksie daarvan met die joernalisitek". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52209.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Except for employing their journalistic skills in traditional positions at newspapers and magazines, journalists today also have a choice of a variety of interesting communication careers. A journalist may choose to be, among others, a copywriter at an advertising agency, a translator, a presenter on television or radio, a publisher, as well as a public relations officer (PRO). Public Relations, especially, has become an increasingly popular career choice for journalists, mostly at a later stage of their careers. Public relations is a professional career, and practitioners have long been trained as specialist in their field. Also, career-orientated courses in public relations are offered at tertiary institutions countrywide. Despite this, experienced journalists are still top candidates for positions as PROs at a variety of organisations. However, because public relations has become considerably specialised and professional over the past 20 years, journalists should acquire extra, "specialised" skills to practise public relations. Their journalistic skills do, however, form a basis for a career in public relations. But the skills and techniques of public relations should still be acquired and applied. The purpose of this mini-thesis is to discuss these skills, and ultimately prepare journalists for a career in public relations. Many definitions of public relations exist, but essentially it is a continuous, systematic and cyclical process that aims to create and maintain a positive image of an organisation. This process consists of four phases. Research is the continuous gathering and interpretation of information to determine who the organisation's publics are (demographic information) and what their attitudes towards and perspectives of the organisation and its products and/or services are. Planning is in itself a process. Through planning the PRO determines the objectives and strategy of a communication programme, which should influence the attitudes and perspectives of the publics. Communication is the execution of the planning through the techniques of, among others, writing and public addresses. Evaluation determines whether the objectives of a communication programme have been met. In addition to these techniques, it should further be noted that public relations is applied differently within different organisations because the objectives and publics of organisations differ. A career change from journalism to public relations demands adjustment. This is discussed in the second part of the mini-thesis. For a journalist to become a successful PRO, he should acquire and apply the skills discussed, as well as be prepare to experience the adjustments that distinguish public relations from journalism.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Behalwe dat joernaliste hul vaardighede inspan in tradisionele poste by koerante en tydskrifte, kan hulle vandag ook 'n verskeidenheid beroepe in die kommunikasiewese beoefen. Joernaliste word, onder andere, kopie-skrywers in die advertensiewese, vertalers, aanbieders op televisie en radio, taalversorgers by uitgewers, asook openbare skakelbeamptes. Dit is veral die skakelwese wat 'n al hoe meer gewilde beroepskeuse word onder joernaliste, veral in 'n latere stadium van hul loopbane. Skakelwese is 'n professionele beroep, en praktisyns word reeds lank as spesialiste op dié gebied opgelei. Talle beroepsgerigte openbare skakelwese-kursusse word landwyd by tersiêre inrigtings aangebied. Maar, ten spyte hiervan, is ervare joernaliste steeds van die top-kandidate VIr skakelwese-poste by 'n verskeidenheid organisasies. Omdat die skakelwese oor die afgelope 20 jaar aansienlik meer gespesialiseerd en professioneel geword het, is dit moeiliker vir joernaliste om dié beroep te betree met net hul joernalistieke vaardighede. Dit vorm wel die basis vir 'n loopbaan in die skakelwese. Vir joernaliste om suksesvolle skakelbeamptes te word moet hulle ook die "gespesialiseerde" vaardighede van die skakelwese aanleer en toepas. Hierdie werkstuk se doel is om die vaardighede van die skakelwese wat joernaliste moet verwerf, te bespreek en uiteindelik die joernalis toe te rus vir 'n loopbaan in die skakelwese. Verskeie definisies van die beroep bestaan, maar essensieel is dit 'n deurlopende, sistematiese en sikliese proses wat poog om 'n positiewe beeld van 'n organisasie te skep en te behou. Om die proses in werking te stel moet deur vier fases gegaan word. Navorsing is die gedurige versameling en interpretasie van inligting waardeur die skakelbeampte bepaal wie sy gehoor is (demografiese inligting) en wat hul houdings teenoor die organisasie en sy produkte en/of dienste. Beplanning is 'n proses op sy eie. Hiermee bepaal die skakelbeampte die doelwitte en strategie van 'n kommunikasieprogram wat die houdings van sy gehoor moet beïnvloed. Kommunikasie is die inwerkingstelling van die beplanning deur die tegnieke van , onder andere, skryf en openbare optredes. Deur evaluering word bepaal of die gestelde doelwitte bereik is deur die inwerkingstelling van 'n spesifieke kommunikasieprogram. Hierby moet skakelbeamptes daarop let dat die skakelwese op 'n unieke manier binne verskillende tipes organisasies toegepas moet word omdat die doelwitte en gehoor van organisasie tot organisasie verskil. Om 'n loopbaanverskuiwing van die joernalistiek na die skakelwese te maak verg 'n aanpassing. Hierna word in die tweede deel van die werkstuk gekyk. As 'n joernalis 'n suksesvolle openbare skakelbeampte wil word, sal hy hierdie vaardighede moet aanleer en toepas, asook bereid wees om die aanpassings, wat die skakelwese anders as joernalistiek maak, te ervaar.

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Anderson, Steven Leroy. "An investigation into factors influencing career choice among professional pilots /". Diss., ON-CAMPUS Access For University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Click on "Connect to Digital Dissertations", 2001. http://www.lib.umn.edu/articles/proquest.phtml.

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Sciandra, John. "Teacher turnover and career choice confidence in American public schools". CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2007. http://dspace.wrlc.org/handle/1961/4149.

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Ongna, Alison M. "Occupational gender role stereotypes and career choice of young children". Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007ongnaa.pdf.

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Khan-Evans, Aisha. "Why become a classics teacher? : an exploration of career choice". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/why-become-a-classics-teacher(2dab1a07-4225-417b-90e8-949f7494a30b).html.

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This thesis explores the motivation of a group of graduates who have chosen to train as Classics teachers. Classics graduates have a relatively high employment rate, entering a wide range of careers. One such career is teaching. There has been a shortage of trained Classics teachers in recent years, with only two institutions in England offering the one year pre-service Post Graduate Certificate in Education. Although candidates are not always aware of how competitive the course is, their applications clearly suggest a determination to enter the profession. Research over a number of years has suggested that motivations for choosing a career in teaching can be broadly classified as altruistic, intrinsic and extrinsic, with altruistic and intrinsic motivations generally shown to be dominant. In some countries, however, including the U.K., there has been a change in the general perception of the job of teaching, which might appear to make it a less attractive option than thirty years previously. Working conditions, salary and status are noted as contributing to this overall picture and one might expect prospective teachers to be aware of this, in which case, their altruistic and intrinsic motivations may have to be stronger than those of previous generations. There is a perception that prospective Classics teachers are a relatively homogeneous group from a specific educational background who may perceive the career differently for a number of reasons. On the other hand, this view may be misguided as the application and selection process shows that students have a variety of backgrounds and prior experiences and it is worth exploring, in fact, how similar their motivations are to each other, and to those choosing to teach other subjects. An individual’s prior experiences have been noted as influential in their view of teaching, as well as the potential impact of significant others. This thesis explores the reasons Classics graduates choose teaching as a career, whether inspired by teachers, by loved ones, or in some cases by seemingly arbitrary, albeit influential, events. The research draws on data collected from one cohort of PGCE students, including information given in an essay submitted at the start of the course, as well as individual interviews. This qualitative approach seeks to ascertain whether there are common factors, for example, in previous educational path or ’teacher-like’ experiences. data indicated that influences were often absorbed subconsciously and only retrospectively acknowledged, in some cases only when thinking about the research project. One significant element in the data was an unusual sense of a ’mission’ to maintain and indeed advance the position of Classical subjects in the curriculum: whether an early or late decision to enter teaching, the students seemed clear that there was something ’special’ about teaching Classical subjects, often supported by their earlier experiences of the ’special’ qualities of Classics.

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Jones, Dana. "Professional versus Academic Accounting Graduates' Reasons for Career Path Choice". Thesis, Northcentral University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10182893.

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The inadequate number of accountants graduating to fill the demand of accounting professionals and academia has been documented as a problem within the field of accounting. Attrition among students in programs is prevalent and little has been done to understand the challenges confronting the accounting academic community as well as the accounting profession as a whole. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to better understand the perceptions and reasons accounting professionals and educators made the career path choice they did and what they perceived would encourage students to enter the field of accounting. The data source for this qualitative case study was interviews. A convenience sample size of 10 accounting professionals (certified public accountants) and 10 accounting professors with doctorate degrees were recruited. A force field analysis was used as the overarching theoretical framework to understand the driving and restraining factors that led accounting professionals and professors to select their career path. Content analysis was used to determine the emergent themes of the study. The findings in this study were organized into the following 10 themes: (a) job stability, (b) opportunity to impact the lives of others, (c) love of challenges, (d) the lucrative nature of the field of accounting, (e) respectability of the profession, (f) better understanding, (g) change in perceptions, (h) higher quality professors, (i) stronger community outreach, and (j) more application and less theory. The first five themes aligned with research question one regarding the participants’ career path choice and the later five themes with research question two with respect to what the participants believed would encourage others to choose a career in accounting. Considering both sub groups, professional accountants and accounting professors, view the solutions to the dilemma of the shortage in the field of accounting differently, in the future it would be of value to conduct a similar study on the national level, followed by the international level, based on this epidemic being of global magnitude.

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Tarling, Isabel. "Women teachers career advancement: an exploration of choice in context". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12017.

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Includes abstract.
This study investigates the career choices of seven female teachers in mesolevel leadership positions at three Western Cape schools. It explores their decisions to apply or refrain from applying for senior leadership positions through an examination of the interplay between their leadership disposition, habitus and the field of schooling.

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Kobel, Katherine A. "Influences on the selection of dietetics as a career choice /". Online version of thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11107.

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Mency, Janice F. R. "The correlation between career exploration and career choice of African-American inner-city middle school students". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1994. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3416.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if a career education module would enhance the career choices of African-American middle school inner-city students. The students were randomly selected from a school that met all of the fore-mentioned criteria. These students were then divided into two groups (experimental and control). The students were administered the Ohio Career Interest Survey (OCIS) on two separate occasions. Between the two administrations, one group (the experimental group) received a career education module for twelve weeks. The other group (control group) received no type of career education intervention. After collecting the data, the (132) one-hundred thirty-two items of the Ohio Career Interest Inventory were placed into (12) twelve scales as set forth by the guidelines of the inventory for further analyses and testing of the hypotheses. The results indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean pre and post-test scores of the experimental and control groups. To further explain, the experimental group's mean post-test scores were significantly higher than the control group's mean post-test scores. This difference was found on all (12) twelve of the scales. Because of these findings, the null hypotheses were rejected. There was a .05 level of statistical significance on each of the scales. These results indicated that the experimental group's scores increased significantly after receiving the career education module. This further indicated that the students' interest in the careers on each scale increased.

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Handley, Megan, i Kevin Boesen. "Factors That Determine Career Choice in Pharm.D. Candidates: a Focus Group Study". The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614111.

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Class of 2015 Abstract
Objectives: The objective of the study is to describe which factors influence career choice in Pharm.D. candidates, and determine what makes a potential employer attractive to graduating students. Methods: A descriptive focus group study was conducted to describe opinions of Pharm.D. candidates regarding factors that determine career choice. Subjects were recruited via email. All participants were required to have a scheduled graduation date in 2015 or 2016. Demographic data was collected anonymously. Focus group conversations were recorded. Results: There were 13 participants, 8 female (61.5%) and 5 male (38.5%). Six (46.2%) hope to work in the retail setting after graduation, and 5 (38.5%) wish to work in an institutional setting. Four participants (30.1%) plan to complete a PGY1 residency after graduation. Ten participants (76.8%) agree that they would consider working for their current employer after graduation from pharmacy school. The majority of participants changed their mind throughout their education in regards to their future career choice. Rotations, professors, employers, and family seem to be the most common factors that helped determine career choice in participants. All participants agreed that clinical pharmacy and residency are promoted career paths at University of Arizona. Conclusions: The clinical pharmacy career path is believed to be strongly promoted at the University of Arizona. Rotations, professors, family, and employers during pharmacy school appear to be determining factors in career choice for Pharm.D. candidates. Many students pursue a career with the same employer they had during their education.

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Chisholm, Lynne A. "Beyond occupational choice : a study of gendered transitions". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1990. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10007358/.

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The transition from education to the labour market is a constant theme for sociological investigation, but the study of occupational choice itself has occupied a peripheral place in the theory and research literature for the past two decades. Of particular concern here, neither extant theories of occupational choice nor the contemporary youth studies literature offer satisfactory accounts of the patterns of girls' aspirations and the social processes in which these are embedded. It is argued here that occupational choice processes are a critical switch in the social reproduction of gender relations. Specifically situated subjects construct a transitions biography from a range of legitimated and concretely available alternatives. The possibilities are specified through the terms of gender discourse which, in describing the confluence of circumstances and understandings, represents the social space in which girls are positioned and position themselves across time. A model of the modalities of gender relations is developed and explored through a study of primarily working class girls aged 11-14 and 14-16 between 1983-1986 who were attending three inner London comprehensives. The data were collected by cross-sectional survey (N = 169) and interview (N=61) and by longitudinal interview (N=37). These girls see occupational structure in highly gendered and partial terms, corresponding to the specific social worlds they inhabit. Over time, perspectives and aspirations focus increasingly on female-typed jobs. Within this, their expectations reflect what is judged realistically available. Such processes of gendered closure are modified by educational achievement and by schooling milieu in relation with family and cultural context. Subject specialisation fixes the course of these processes, since options are generally chosen with current aspiration/ expectation in mind. In sum, gendered transitions across the secondary schooling years are shaped not only institutionally but also socially and culturally by girls' personal attempts to resolve the contradictory puzzle of production/reproduction relations under modern patri3 archy and in the light of the resources at their disposal. Most trajectories inevitably prefigure accommodative arrangements and do not threaten social reproduction processes, but this does not imply non-critical and automatic consent. The potential for critical consciousness is fostered by various cross-pressures in the specific configurations of girls' lives, but the partial insights they open up are held in check both ideologically and through social-educational selection/ allocation.

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Clark, Emily K. "The Role of Female Exemplars in Changing Career Attitudes". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1303772985.

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Andrews, Kathleen E. Wilson Thad. "Perceptions of high school boys toward nursing as a career choice". Diss., UMK access, 2005.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Nursing. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2005.
"A dissertation in nursing." Advisor: Thad Wilson. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed May 31, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 140-151). Online version of the print edition.

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Yao, Jie. "Community service and post-college career choice a theory-based investigation /". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1197391509.

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Shlasky, S. "Occupational choice and career orientations of residential care workers in Israel". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372057.

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Kweyama, Nqobile Immaculate. "Factors influencing career choice among students at the University of Zululand". Thesis, University of Zululand, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1488.

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A mini-dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Education in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education in the Department of Educational Psychology and Special Education at the University of Zululand, 2016
This study examined the factors influencing career choice. The objectives of this study were to determine factors influencing career choice among the University of Zululand students. Secondly, to find out whether there are any relations between career choice and the following variables; gender, age and race and, finally, to determine the agreement among ranks assigned by students to social institutions. The methodology of the study comprised of field and case study research design. SPSS was used to analyse data which consisted of 200 participants who correctly responded to the questionnaires. The sample was selected from the first year students at the University Of Zululand (UNIZULU). The findings indicated that mothers and the media played a role in influencing students in their career choice. Students agreed that the home played the greatest role in choosing their careers. Most students had a positive perception of their chosen career. Finally, variables such as age, gender and race did not play a significant role in choosing a career amongst this particular group of students.

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Gowdy, Eileen Frances. "Teaching as a second career choice : a study of industrial education students". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27663.

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The study explored the career change made by a population of 37 tradesmen enrolled in a teacher education program. A semi-structured interview schedule was constructed and face-to-face interviews were tape-recorded. The four areas of investigation included positive propositions put forward in the social learning principles of career decision making, facilitators and barriers to career change, the career histories and expectations of participants and their socio-demographic backgrounds. Responses tended to support propositions dealing with former instructional experiences and interactions with people, but gave little indication, that exposure to print or visual media had influenced the career change decision. The importance of having sufficient finances and personal support of participants' wives was stressed. Potential barriers most readily identified were lack of support or finances. There was little evidence of frequent career change in the work histories of participants. The most common pattern was a series of short term jobs followed by several years in one career path. Future career plans indicated an intent to remain in the teaching field. All the men were employed prior to entering the program. Socio-demographic information indicated that just over half of the participants were around 30 years of age and over two-thirds were married. Wives tended to be not only more highly educated (64%) but in higher status occupations (76%) than their husbands. Over 80% of the men had entered tertiary education prior to current involvement and five men had completed bachelor's degrees. By entering a trade, 57% of participants were in lower status jobs than their fathers. Their entry into teaching resulted in a rebound movement rather than direct upward inter-generational mobility.
Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate

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Lundahl, Sofia, i Pernilla Bredolt. "Graduating students' preferences in first employment attributes : A quantitative study among students at Jönköping International Business School and Jönköping School of Engineering". Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-7672.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine what attributes graduating students prefer when choosing their first employer after graduation.

Background: To attract good employees are becoming more and more important. Since there are over 60 000 students graduating every year from universities in Sweden, it is crucial for organizations to know how to best attract these talents. It is generally small- and medium sized companies (SMC’s) that have problem since they don’t have the resources to find information and brand themselves as good employers, and hence, large multinational companies are being ranked as the most attractive employers. If these SMC’s would know what attributes the graduate students find most important, they would be able to focus on those and more successfully attract the students suitable for their organization.

Method: In order to fulfill the purpose, an exploratory study had been made. Quantitative data was collected by a delivery and collection questionnaire, which was handed out in classes at Jönköping International Business School (JIBS) and Jönköping School of Engineering (JTH). The findings in this thesis are based on 124 graduating students preferred job attributes.

Conclusion: When looking at JIBS and JTH in total, the students find attributes relating to responsibilities and involvement in decision making to be the most important. However, when only looking at JTH, the students value job security and good relationship at the workplace over other attributes. At JIBS, graduate students are attracted to jobs where they can take responsibility and make further career advancements.

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Johnson, Earle McClain. "Factors influencing secondary students' attitudes towards agriculture in New Providence, The Bahamas". Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321881.

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Msiska, Fred Gennings Wanyavinkhumbo. "A study of the school-leaver unemployment problem in Malawi". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282746.

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Soustal, F. G., i n/a. "College course selections years 11 and 12 : students' aspirations and ultimate career choice". University of Canberra. Education, 1986. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061108.172700.

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This field study aims to identify and examine the consequences and influences of course selections and career choices made by students, their parents and college staff. Because of a lack of information regarding the implications of their selected programmes of study, many students choose unwisely and as a result, have become confused about the relevance of their choices in relation to the achievement of their ultimate career aspirations. To achieve the aims of this study, an analysis of the course selections and career choices of the Year 12 graduates of 1983 from Copland College was completed. This field study is divided into three main sections. The first section comprises Chapters I and II which outline the historical development of secondary colleges within the Australian Capital Territory. The author briefly discusses the influence of both the Hughes and the Campbell Reports and illustrates how these Reports were used as the basis for the establishment of the educational structure we now have for our senior secondary college students in Canberra. In addition, this section details the historical background of careers education within the Australian Capital Territory and the influences this has had on the status of career education at Copland College. The second section covers Chapters III, IV and V. In this section the function of the Student Services Faculty within Copland College is discussed and also a brief explanation given of the type of information gathered by college and administrative staff for career and course advice. The author provides a description of the procedures II used to obtain and collate the information collected for this field study. A questionnaire method of data collection was the basis used to examine the post-collegiate activities of over 240 graduate students of 1983, and part of the questionnaire relates specifically to the destinations of these ex-students. Finally, the third section incorporates Chapters VI and VII. It details the results of my research covered in earlier chapters and at the same time, synthesizes that of other educationalists as it relates to this field study. The concluding portion of this section sets out recommendations proposed to meet the problems identified in such areas as student course selections and careers advice.

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Farley-Larmour, Kim, i n/a. "Factors influencing students' choice of library and information studies". University of Canberra. Information Management & Tourism, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060707.161125.

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This study endeavoured to establish what influences students to undertake library and information studies. Are prospective students of library and information studies choosing their course and future occupation for the same sorts of reasons as in the past? Are prospective students well informed about their future occupation when they choose a course of study? What is the relative importance of some of the factors influencing their choice? Do metropolitan, regional and isolated students have the same understanding and expectations of their course and future occupation? A study of first year undergraduate students of library and information studies at three universities sought to provide answers to these questions. A quantitative and qualitative comparison of first year undergraduate students of Library and Information Studies at the University of Canberra and a random group from the same University was also undertaken in order to provide some comparative data. The findings showed that reasons for choosing library and information studies have generally not changed as much as one might expect. An interest in books and reading still ranks as a relatively important factor in students' choice, though there is some evidence of an increased interest in career and employment issues. Library and information studies students without an occupational background in the discipline generally have a hazy picture of what is involved in their future occupation and this lack of knowledge is compounded where students are located in regional or isolated areas. Generally most library and information studies respondents expressed a desire to enter 'traditional' workplaces in libraries rather than entering the broader information management field.

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Malmström, Tecla. "Matematik och ingenjören : Utveckling av en aktivitet för att öka elevers motivation för matematik". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskaplig kommunikation och lärande (ECE), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147609.

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This thesis primarily includes a study on whether companies can develop a mathematical activity that supports students' motivation in mathematics. The work was done together with Midroc Electro, a company that pays attention to the difficulty of recruiting and therefore was interested in investigating how the business world would be able to contribute. The thesis can be divided into three stages. The first part comprised by a exploration into research on student motivation regarding mathematics as well as numerous interviews with engineers to see how the research findings did fit with Midroc Electros reality. In these studies it became clear that the student who aims for a profession whose education or work requires math belongs to the group of students who primarily manage their studies in mathematics, that is, those that have the greatest motivation to work hard and complete their studies. Research information and interviews were compared and resulted in the thesis second part, Midroc Challenge. An activity where students primarily came to learn about the engineering profession and secondly how mathematics can be used in the engineering profession. Student’s had to plan, build and program a robot to complete a two-dimensional path. At the end of the day, in form of a contest, the student’s calculations were tested and the winners were those that completed the whole path, they that had counted correctly when they programmed the robot. The third stage of the thesis investigated whether students who participated in Midroc Challenge showed some indications that they had been affected by the activity. Students gave the day the score nine out of ten, where ten was the top rating. A tendency that students had become motivated to study engineering could also be traced, with the consequence that some students may have been more motivated to study mathematics.
Detta examensarbete innefattar i huvudsak en studie på om och hur företag kan utveckla en matematisk aktivitet som stödjer elevers motivation för matematik. Arbetet skedde tillsammans med Midroc Electro, ett företag som uppmärksammat svårigheten med kompetensförsörjning och därför är intresserade av att undersöka vad företagsvärlden skulle kunna bidra med till skolan. Examensarbetet kan delas in i tre skeden. Först skedde en djupdykning i forskning angående elevers motivation beträffande matematik samt ett flertal intervjuer med ingenjörer för att lära sig mer i detalj om ingenjörsarbetet samt se hur forskningsresultat passade med Midroc Electros verklighet. Det som framförallt uppdagades var att den elev som siktar på ett yrke vars utbildning eller arbete kräver matematik tillhör den grupp elever som främst klarar sina matematikstudier, det vill säga de som har störst motivation för att kämpa och klara sina studier. Forskningsinformationen och intervjuerna jämfördes och resulterade i examensarbetets andra del, Midroc Challenge. En aktivitet där elever främst kom att lära sig om ingenjörsyrket och i andra hand om hur matematiken kan användas i ingenjörsyrket. Eleverna fick i liten skala testa på att arbeta som ingenjörer då de skulle planera, bygga och programmera en robot till att klara en tvådimensionell bana. I slutet av dagen, i form av en tävling, testades om eleverna räknat rätt då de programmerat hur roboten skulle röra sig. I det tredje skedet av examensarbetet undersöktes om eleverna som deltagit i Midroc Challenge visade några tendenser på att ha påverkats av aktiviteten. Eleverna gav dagen betyget nio av tio där tio var toppbetyget. En tendens att eleverna blivit motiverade att studera till ingenjörer kunde också spåras varvid några elever kan tänkas ha blivit mer motiverade att studera matematik.

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Lips-Wiersma, Marjolein Silvia. "The influence of 'spiritual meaning-making' on career choice, transition and experience". Thesis, University of Auckland, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9969054.

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The focus of this inquiry is “The influence of ‘spiritual meaning-making’ on career choice, transition and experience”. Over the past decade there has been an increase in interest in the expression of spiritual belief in work. Most of the writing on the topic is based on the premise that individuals and organisations have lost meaning, and that the problem of meaning in work needs to addressed to enhance the ways in which we organise, and to enhance organisational output and personal wellbeing. Whereas the current writing on spirituality and work often suggests that organisations should provide more meaning, this research took a more humble starting point by asking what meanings individuals with spiritual belief are currently attributing to, and discovering in, their work, and by asking how and whether these meanings determine work behaviour. I argue in this thesis that the concept of meaning-making is central to spirituality. I reviewed the psychological literature on meaning and as a result decided to focus the inquiry on three core elements of meaning; purpose, sense-making and coherence. In order to step back from the organisational agenda, and give voice to the authenticity of diverse spiritual beliefs, I chose to use career, rather than organisational theory, as framework for this inquiry. An additional theoretical framework of ‘agency and communion’ was introduced to conceptualise human motivation beyond its current narrow ‘self’ and ‘doing’ oriented definitions. A combination of ‘collaborative human inquiry’ and ‘narrative’ methodology was chosen to elicit subjective career meanings. Fifteen individuals with diverse spiritual beliefs participated in this research. These included a Buddhist, a Quaker, a Catholic, a Bahá'í, and a Mormon, as well as those not currently affiliated with an organized religion. The findings show that spiritual belief strongly determines career choice, transition and experience. It was found that research participants, in spite of their diverse beliefs, shared four purposes: ‘developing and becoming self’, ‘union with others’, ‘expressing self’ and ‘serving others’. When these purposes can be expressed fully, the workplace is experienced to be aligned with spiritual belief, and individuals are contributing fully, especially when diversity of spiritual expressions is acknowledged at the same time. Career transitions are made through an ongoing sense-making process as a result of which the individual may decide that the four purposes are no longer in balance and action is required in order to continue to live meaningfully. This sensemaking is a result of ongoing interaction between the individual and his or her work environment. Coherence is a result of the transrational element of spirituality, when the individual feels his or her work is still aligned with a bigger (divine) plan. This is assessed on an ongoing basis through prayer, asking ‘was this meant to be’ and reframing difficulties and setbacks as opportunities for learning and development. I suggest that it may not be wise to seek collective enactment of the trans-rational as it has no firm basis for collective organisational decision-making. It cannot seek collective expression due to the diversity of beliefs of organisational members. However I strongly suggest that an organisation that wants to align itself with the spiritual beliefs of its members, ensures that the four purposes of ‘developing and becoming self’, ‘union with others’, ‘expressing self’ and ‘serving others’ can be fully enacted in the organisation, keeping in mind that spirituality expresses itself in process as well as outcome.
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Stansbie, Paul. "Internship design and its impact on intrinsic motivation and student career choice". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/910.

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This study examines the role experiential education, in the form of internships, plays in the professional development of Hospitality and Tourism Management students. Through an appraisal of the literature, it outlines the many benefits available to direct and indirect stakeholders through the facilitation of a structured, work based learning experience. In particular, it analyses the internship through an evaluation of job design by applying both Hackman and Oldham’s (1975a) Job Characteristics Model (JCM) and developing a proposed intern’s version of that model. The outcomes demonstrate that dimensions of the work undertaken do contribute significantly to an individual’s satisfaction and intrinsic motivation with the proposed intern’s model offering improved R2 coefficients, over the original JCM, by using different predictive variables. The study further sub-divides the sample by examining the findings by cohort and emphasis area. This affords the opportunity to identify specific recommendations on internship design that provides maximum utility to the student participant and the facilitators of the work experience. To this end, the results offer a series of recommended job dimensions for various service industry destinations including the need for increased task significance and feedback from agents for tourism students, opportunities for an autonomous work environment for event planners, exposure to a variety of skills for lodging professionals and feedback from the job for food and beverage students. By designing internships in this way, opportunities for enriched work are created for students at the case-study university. The study also examines the role classroom education plays in underpinning the internship experience and finds that while this assists students in observing many of the topics and theories discussed in a theoretical setting, the experiential component of the learning enhances their education through the development of new skills and competencies not previously taught. Overall, this study offers a unique contribution to the existing body of knowledge on experiential education and its impact on worker/job satisfaction and intrinsic motivation.

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McDonald, Melinda L. "Predicting the career choice of elementary and secondary teaching among college women /". The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148775905515633.

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Gedney, Nancy Victoria. "Personality correlates of decidedness in the choice of a major career field". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184711.

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The purpose of this study was to provide research into the relationship between level of decidedness and development in college freshmen. Through discriminant function analysis variables were identified that can be used in the classification of college students into three levels of decidedness: undecided, tentatively decided and decided. These levels of decidedness are constructs that have been defined by this study in such a way that classification of students is correct 70.58% of the time. The aim of the study was not classification, but increased understanding into the nature of students' developmental processes in relationship to their having chosen or not chosen an academic major. During summer orientation at a major university students were given assessment instruments that measured level of major and career decidedness and level of development. Results indicated that decided students had a stronger sense of their own interests, skills and abilities, were more likely to have goals and purpose, and were able to manage and plan their lives with greater facility than either tentatively decided or undecided students. Undecided students know little about majors or careers and were not particularly motivated to seek information or begin a career planning process. No significant differences were found between levels of decidedness on high school achievement or demographic variables. Significant differences between male and female subjects were found in a large number of variables. Several conclusions are drawn from this study. First, an essential consideration in moving a student toward decidedness in major or career choice is the student's level of development as expressed by the completion of certain developmental tasks. Secondly, the relationship shown in this study between decidedness and development strongly suggests a relationship between development and retention. Thirdly, self-reported level of decidedness is not a reliable indicator of the degree to which a student has completed important developmental tasks. Therefore, undecided students should not be assumed to be underdeveloped; neither should decided students be assumed to be developmentally mature. Finally, the most significant conclusion of this study is the unquestionable necessity of working within the context of student development when "educating" college freshmen.

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