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Khelifa, Hocine. "Propriétés diélectriques des nanofluides : tenue diélectrique, électrisation statique, décharges partielles et décharges surfaciques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ECDL0048.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis explores developing, preparing, and characterizing nanofluids (NFs) to enhance the dielectric performance of insulation liquids commonly used in power transformers, including synthetic esters, natural esters, and mineral oils by incorporating different types of nanoparticles (NPs). These later being conducting (Fe3O4, C60, Gr), semi-conducting (ZnO and CuO), and insulating (Al2O3, ZrO2, SiO2, and MgO). The study aims to improve dielectric properties, including the AC breakdown voltage, partial discharge (PD) resistance, electrostatic charging tendency, and surface discharge characteristics. A comprehensive analysis covering the historical evolution, preparation techniques (one-step and two-step methods), and stabilization mechanisms essential for achieving stable nanofluids with optimal dielectric properties is presented. The preparation protocols of NFs, as well as the various experimental set-ups and methods used to characterize them dielectrically, are then described. The impact of NP characteristics, such as the type, size, concentration, and surface treatment, on the dielectric performance of base liquids is systematically assessed. The experimental data are then analyzed using statistical tools such as the Anderson-Darling goodness-of-fit test and Weibull probability analysis, and the voltages corresponding to 1%, 10%, and 50% risk levels were determined. The involved mechanisms in the improvement/deterioration of AC breakdown voltage are discussed. The experimental results indicate that nanofluids (NFs) significantly enhance the dielectric properties by reducing partial discharge activity, the electrostatic charging tendency, and the stopping length of surface discharges. This improvement is achieved by influencing charge mobility within the liquids. Both conducting and insulating nanoparticles (NPs), particularly Fe3O4 and Al2O3, demonstrate substantial benefits, which can help mitigate breakdown events and extend equipment longevity. Additionally, the interaction of nanoparticles at solid-liquid interfaces affects surface discharge behaviors, further supporting the role of nanofluids in enhancing insulation durability
Cornelio, Benedetta. "Nanoparticules de palladium comme catalyseurs : Conception, analyses et application pour la préparation de dérivés bisaryliques d'intérêt biologique". Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMP203.
Pełny tekst źródła3,4-bisindolylmaleimides possess an inhibitory activity against protein kinase. Because 3-isothiazolone-1,(1)-(di)oxide can be considered as maleimide analog, 5-chloro and 4,5-dichloro-3-isothiazolone-1,(1)-(di)oxide were functionalised using a palladium-catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction achieving the “thia” analogs of 3,4-bisindolylmaleimides. We were also interested in the preparation primary sulfonamides such as 4-(hetero)aryl substituted benzenesulfonamides as carbonic anhydrases inhibitors.A series of hybrid materials comprising palladium nanoparticles adsorbed on carbon nanostructures has been prepared and tested as heterogeneous catalysts of palladium-mediated cross-coupling reactions. The best catalyst, resulting in palladium nanoparticles stabilised by dodecanethiol adsorbed on multi-walled carbon nanotubes, was employed in Suzuki-Miyaura reactions for the preparation of twenty-four new 4-(hetero)aryl substituted benzenesulfonamides. As this catalyst failed in the functionalisation of isothiazolone-1,(1)-(di)oxides, this latter was realised using a more conventional catalyst, PdCl2(dppf)•CH2Cl2.A last part of the project aimed to the conception of catalysts made of palladium nanoparticles encapsulated in graphitised carbon nanofibres (nanoreactors). We prepared a series of nanoreactors and we studied the effect of the confinement inside the nanofibre channel on the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction
Ben, Sghaier Asma. "Hybrides polymer materials organic/inorganic nanoparticule". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1163.
Pełny tekst źródłaDiazonium interface chemistry has progressed over the last few years and practically involved in all areas of materials science and engineering. The rationale for employing diazonium salts is that they attach to surfaces with remarkable bond energies, particularly on sp² carbon materials, making them an ideal coupling agent for polymers to surfaces In this context, novel CNT-polytriazole (CNT-PTAz) and CNT-dye nanohybrids were designed and thoroughly characterized. First, CNT-PTAz nanohybrid was prepared by click polymerization: multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were modified with azidophenyl groups (CNT-N3) from 4-azidobenzenediazonium precursor and served as nanoscale platform for the surface confined polyaddition. The CNT-PTAz nanohybrid was characterized by TGA, XPS, IR, and Raman. The robust CNT-PTAz is robust and has potential in developing heavy metal adsorbents, nanosupport for catalysts or for gas storage. In the second major part, we grafted CNT with diazotized Neutral red (NR), Azure A (AA) and Congo Red (CR) dyes by simple, spontaneous reaction of the diazonium salts and CNTs in water, at RT. A thorough investigation of the nanohybrids showed that the adhesion is strong (CNT-dye C-C bond energy higher than 150 kJ/mol), and the layer is uniform. These nanohybrids further served to reinforce ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) an elastomeric matrix. The reinforced matrix is flexible and serves as optothermal actuators where the grafted dye catches the light to induce mechanical changes in the matrix monitored by dynamic mechanical analysis. CNT/dye-reinforced EVA is a promising flexible composite for developing new types of visual-aid tablet for visually impaired people. The versatile CNT-dye nanohybrids are also unique chemiresistive gas sensors for the molecular recognition of acetone vapours. In a final application, CNT-CR nanohybrid was investigated as an electrocatalyst for the Direct Oxidation of Methanol. Interesting results were obtained with these nanohybrids but significant improvements (3-fold) of the electrocatalytic properties were achieved with CNT-CR decorated with gold nanoparticles. The newly designed electrocatalytic system could be regarded for different promising applications most likely as for sensors, biosensors, heterogeneous catalysts for fuel cells and for nanotechnology To summarize, newly designed CNT-based nanohybrids have unique performances ascribed to the versatility of the diazonium interface chemistry in efficiently attaching functional molecular and macromolecular layers. The novel nanohybrids serve as building blocks for designing high performance nanocomposite materials relevant to challenging timely social economic issues, namely environment, biomedicine and energy
Mucha, Sebastian. "Synthesis, characterisation, modelling, and applications of carbon quantum dots of various shapes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMONS045.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe discovery of room-temperature light emission from carbogenic impurities in 2004 triggered intensive research on carbon dots (CDs). CDs are considered innocuous alternatives for heavy metal-containing luminescent nanostructures. They possess low cytotoxicity, efficient (and tuneable) one-photon excited fluorescence (OPEF), high photoresistance, and low-cost production. Nevertheless, their two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and the corresponding two-photon absorption (TPA) must be better characterized. In addition, the chemical tuning strategies for both OPEF and TPEF were not fully understood yet. These aspects limit the application potential of CDs.To pursue the PhD project, three types of novel CDs are considered. We investigate those CDs with particular attention paid to 1) elaboration of new synthesis and purification procedures, 2) structural characterization of molecular precursors and CDs, 3) studies on absorption and fluorescence properties in one- and two-photon regimes, 4) examination of their application potential in biochemical assays, and 5) understanding of their structure-property relations.The PhD work is divided into four main parts.The first section describes acetone-derived polymer dots (PDs) (hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions). They were produced by a new gram-scale method via base-mediated aldol reaction. All PDs reveal quasi-spherical morphology and polymeric design. However, they differ in the contribution of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups, and aliphatic chains. PDs exhibit greenish-blue OPEF with an excitation-dependent trend. We consider that emission arises from the ensemble of sub-fluorophores with the crosslink-enhanced effect.In the second part, we focus on hydrophilic PDs. They demonstrate an intense green TPEF and a strong TPA performance in the first biological window. They show no cytotoxic effects nor photobleaching. Interactions between serum albumins and PDs are then explored. Both OPEF and TPEF signals of PDs appear to be enhanced in the proteinous environment. Meanwhile, PDs do not change the secondary protein structure. Finally, we confirm that PDs can be used as selective and efficient agents in reversible and non-destructive probing of albumins in simulated physiological conditions.The third section reports on folic acid-based carbon nanodots (FA CNDs). These nanostructures were synthesized through the hydrothermal treatment of FA molecules. Nitrogen-doped FA CNDs possess heterogeneous internal structures, consisting of sp2-/sp3-hybridized carbon domains. They are rich in polar groups (e.g. carboxyls and hydroxyls). FA CNDs exhibit efficient blue OPEF and TPEF in aqueous media; their TPA spectrum covers the red/NIR region. Finally, FA CNDs are applied in the bioimaging of myelin figures in cooperation with other scientists.The fourth section is addressed to phloroglucinol-derived (PG) CNDs. We elaborated protocols to produce three fractions of PG CNDs using solvothermal and thermal decomposition methods. PG CNDs have a heterogeneous design (with sp2- and sp3-carbon domains) which is rich in oxygenous groups. PG CNDs provide monochromatic and intense OPEF and TPEF signals (tuneable in the blue-orange colour range) - responsive to hydrogen bonds between CNDs and solvent molecules. PG CNDs appear to be also effective two-photon absorbers in the wide wavelength range. Finally, we recognize two chemical strategies to tune the emission of PG CNDs: i) the contribution of oxygenous groups with the conjugated π-domains andii) the hydrogen-bond network.We are convinced that this PhD research is an essential piece of the puzzle in the further development of CDs as OPEF and TPEF emitters
Dichiara, Anthony. "Etude chronologique de la formation de nanotube de carbone par CVD d'aérosol à l'aide de diagnostics in situ : des premiers instants à la fin de la croissance". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00763604.
Pełny tekst źródłaGautier, Maxime. "Etude de la formation de nanoparticules de carbone au cours de la décomposition thermique d'hydrocarbures : application à la coproduction de noir de carbone et d'hydrogène par craquage thermique du méthane par voie plasma". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM061/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis takes part of the development of a direct decarbonation process of methane by plasma to produce both carbon black and hydrogen. This process is particularly interesting in an electrical mix context with low carbon emission. It proffers a solution to reduce drastically CO2 emissions rejected by the current carbon black and hydrogen ways of production, which are ones of the most polluting industrial processes.This study aims to develop reliable and robust numerical methods for a better understanding and a greater control of the morphologic features of the carbon black generated. These features play a key role in the quality and applications of the carbon black produced. This research retraces the evolution of the carbon structure from the molecules of the fuel to the formation of nanoparticles and solid microstructures. It tackles different phenomenon such as: nucleation, chemical growth, coagulation, maturity and aggregation.Numerical tools and methods were developed thereby and enable to simulate carbon particle formation. They were successfully implemented in a commercial CFD software. Eventually numerical simulation of the plasma process were performed, integrating heat transfers and turbulence
Larue, Camille. "Impact de nanoparticules de TiO2 et de nanotubes de carbone sur les végétaux". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00765312.
Pełny tekst źródłaBonnin, Maëlle. "Diversité structurale des agrégats de carbone et d'hydrogène, implications pour les porteurs des bandes aromatiques infrarouges". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS156/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe mid-IR emission of many lines of sight in the Interstellar Medium (ISM) displays Aromatic Infrared Bands (AIBs) commonly attributed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Identifying AIB carriers would allow for a clearer view of carbon matter evolution in the ISM. We intend to compare AIBs with theoretically derived and expermentally obtained IR spectra of hydrocarbon nanoparticles. The work done here focused on the structural analysis of such systems. Disordered molecular systems containing 24 to 60 C-atoms are generated by multi-tempering Monte Carlo simulations using the empirical potential AIREBO. After quenching the potential energy, the created structures are characterized with various order parameters. The evolution of the structural organization is analyzed as a function size and chemical composition (C/H ratio) of the systems. Generated structures display a great diversity, The statistical study of the order parameters shows tendancies. The global shape of the clusters depends on their size. H-atoms, often found on the edges of cage-like structures, favour a higher degree of organization. The calculation of IR spectra for those structures will be done in the future. To obtain experimental spectra of gas-phase hydrocarbon nanoparticles, the development of the IR emission spectrometer FIREFLY was continued. FIREFLY was coupled with a source of nanoparticles. Thoses developments will soon allow to measure experimental spectra of the molecular systems of interest
Pana, Cristina. "Development of new carbon hybrid materials for Li+ and Na+ ion batteries applications". Thesis, Mulhouse, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MULH0541.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring the last years a lot of research has been focused on batteries to satisfy their increasing demand for a broad application. Metal-based/carbon hybrid materials received great attention as anodes for Li and Na ion batteries due to their higher capacity compared to graphite/hard carbons anodes. However, the metal particle size expansion and the high irreversible capacity during cycling are the main inconvenients to be overcome and represent the main goal of this thesis. Three type of hybrids were studied(C@Sn and C@SiO2for LIBs, and C@Sb for NIBs) and original synthesis pathways were developed which allowed to obtain materials with small and homogeneous distributed particles in the carbon network. Several experimental parameters were tuned leading to a large pallet of materials exhibiting different porosities, structures and particle size/distribution. The temperature and the particle loading were found to be the main parameters affecting the porosity and the particle size and further the electrochemical performances. The increase of both temperature and particle loading lead to smaller porosity which successfully allowed to diminish the irreversible capacity and to improve the reversible capacity. In the same time, the long-term cycling was negatively affected due to the formation of un-confined and agglomerated particles. The extent of particle agglomeration and consequently of capacity fading was found to depend on the type of metal and synthesis route. A compromise between the carbon loading/porosity/structure was determined for each system and the electrochemical mechanisms addressed based on post-mortem analyses
Louisia, Stéphane. "Synthèse de catalyseurs bimétalliques supportés sur nanotubes de carbone dopés pour pile à combustible PEM". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17815/7/louisia.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaSahraoui, Yosra. "Électrodes modifiées par des matériaux composites fonctionnalisés pour application capteurs et biocapteurs". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10071.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of the study consists in the development of modified electrodes, based on nanomaterials for electroanalytical applications. In this aim, different methods of modification of the electrodes have been proposed: chemical functionalization, adsorption and electropolymerization, using the electrostatic and covalent interactions between electrode surfaces and nanomaterials (magnetic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, polyoxometallates and carbon nanotubes). The prepared modified electrodes have allowed the obtaining of detection devices (sensors and biosensors) characterized for their interesting analytical performances in terms of sensitivity and detection limit. Urea biosensors, based on semi-conducting electrodes, functionalized with magnetic nanoparticles coated with urease enzyme, have allowed the sensitive detection of urea. Chemical sensors for the sensitive detection of nitrite ion have been obtained through functionalization of glassy carbon electrodes and boron doped diamond electrodes with polyoxometallates. The combination of both types of nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes and hybrid polyoxometallates) have allowed the obtaining of an original structure that presents conductive properties of nanotubes and electrocatalytic properties of polyoxometallates. These original structures have allowed the fabrication of enzymatic biosensors with a high sensitivity for the detection of glucose and catechol
García, Baldoví Hermenegildo. "Preparación y propiedades fotofísicas de materiales grafénicos y puntos cuánticos basados en carbono. Aplicaciones en nanotecnología". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/68505.
Pełny tekst źródła[ES] En esta Tesis Doctoral se han estudiado las propiedades fotofísicas y fotoquímicas de nuevos nanomateriales basados en carbono como son los derivados de grafeno (GO, rGO, grafenos (N,O) codopados y grafenos reconstituidos halogenados) y dos tipos diferentes de nanopartículas de carbono (C-dots y C-NOR). Estos materiales se han aplicado en la generación fotocatalítica de hidrógeno, como sensores de gases y en técnicas de bioimagen. En una primera etapa se ha caracterizado el material con distintas técnicas espectroscópicas y de microscopia, y a posteriori se ha estudiado el comportamiento de estos materiales como semiconductores. Mediante las técnicas de espectroscopia de fluorescencia y de absorbancia de transición se ha comprobado la generación del estado de separación de cargas tras su excitación. Las distintas estrategias utilizadas en la modificación del grafeno van dirigidas a conseguir sistemas con tiempos de vida del estado de separación de cargas elevados que permitan aprovechar la energía absorbida de la luz. Se ha observado que el tiempo de vida y el rendimiento cuántico de la separación de cargas es mayor en el rGO que en el GO. Para los grafenos (N,O)-codopados, que han sido preparados por pirólisis del quitosano natural, se ha demostrado que existe una relación directa entre el porcentaje de dopantes y la energía de la banda de conducción y el rendimiento cuántico de la separación de cargas. Para el caso de los grafenos reconstituidos halógenados se ha demostrado la influencia de la naturaleza del halógeno en la generación del estado de separación de cargas. El tiempo de vida del estado de separación de cargas obtenido en estos materiales se encuentra en la escala de los microsegundos lo cual resulta esperanzador para su posible aplicación en fotocatálisis y en dispositivos optoelectrónicos. Por este motivo utilizamos estos materiales como fotocatalizadores para la generación de hidrógeno a partir de una mezcla metanol agua y los rendimientos más altos fueron para la muestra (Cl) G que fueron siete veces más elevadas que el GO de partida. Se han preparado nanoparticulas de carbono empleando dos metodologías distintas. En un caso se han utilizado zeolitas de distinto tamaño de poro como plantillas, siendo las de tamaño de poro pequeño con agentes directores de estructura voluminosos, como la ITQ-29 y ITQ-12, las más adecuadas para obtener puntos de carbono fotoluminiscentes. La pirólisis del agente director de estructura de estas zeolitas da lugar a puntos cuánticos de carbono con tamaños de partícula entre 5 y 12 nm y un rendimiento de fotoluminiscencia cuántica de 0.4 que fueron utilizados como sensores de oxígeno fluorescentes. La otra metodología consiste la síntesis de nanomateriales de carbono a partir de un recocido de una mezcla de PTCA y PEG bajo atmosfera de aire. Se obtiene nanoobjetos de 2.5 nm de altura y con un tamaño medio de 40 nm. La morfologia de los C-NOR es de círculos concéntricos similar a una cebolla. Estas nanopartículas pueden internalizarse en las células de carcinoma humano HeLa y Hep 3B y presentan propiedades fotoluminiscentes interesantes, de la misma manera que en disolución. Demostraron una notable biocompatibilidad afectando de manera poco perceptible a la viabilidad celular a cortos periodos de exposición según la prueba MTT. Con el fin de abordar el posible uso de esta nanopartículas en bioimagen y su toxicidad se realizó un estudio toxicológico completo in vitro. Se realizaron evaluaciones de viabilidad, proliferación, estudios de generación de apoptosis y estrés oxidativo tras la exposición limitada o continua variando las concentraciones. Se observó que ambas nanopartículas no mostraron toxicidad en las dos situaciones a baja concentración, aunque cierta toxicidad se ha determinado a concentraciones superiores bajo exposición continua.
[CAT] En aquesta tesi doctoral s'han estudiat les propietats fotofísiques i fotoquímiques de nous nanomaterials basats en carboni com són els derivats de grafè (GO, rGO, grafens (N,O) codopats i grafenos reconstituïts halogenats) i dos tipus diferents de nanopartícules de carboni ( C-dots i C-NOR). Aquests materials s'han aplicat en la generació fotocatalítica d'hidrogen, com a sensors de gasos i en tècniques de bioimatge. En una primera etapa s'ha caracteritzat el material amb diferents tècniques espectroscòpiques i de microscòpia, i a posteriori s'ha estudiat el comportament d'aquests materials com semiconductors. Mitjançant les tècniques d'espectroscòpia de UV-Vis i d'absorbància de transició (T.A.S.) s'ha comprovat la generació de l'estat de separació de càrregues després de la seva excitació. Les diferents estratègies utilitzades en la modificació del grafè van dirigides a aconseguir sistemes amb temps de vida de l'estat de separació de càrregues elevats que permetin aprofitar l'energia absorbida de la llum. S'ha observat que el temps de vida i el rendiment quàntic de la separació de càrregues és més gran en el rGO que al GO. Per als grafenos (N,O)-codopats, que han estat preparats per piròlisi del quitosan natural, s'ha demostrat que existeix una relació directa entre el percentatge de dopants i l'energia de la banda de conducció i el rendiment quàntic de la separació de càrregues. Per al cas dels grafens reconstituïts halogenats s'ha demostrat la influència de la naturalesa de l'halogen en la generació de l'estat de separació de càrregues. El temps de vida de l'estat de separació de càrregues obtingut en aquests materials es troba en l'escala dels microsegons la qual cosa resulta esperançador per a la seva possible aplicació en fotocatàlisi i en dispositius optoelectrònics. Per aquest motiu utilitzares aquests materials com fotocatalitzadors per a la generació de hidrogen a partir de una mescla metanol- aigua y els rendiments mes alts van ser per la mostra (Cl)G que van ser set vegades mes elevades que el GO de partida. S'han preparat nanoparticules de carboni emprant dues metodologies diferents. En un cas s'han utilitzat zeolites de diferent grandària de porus com plantilles, sent les de mida de porus petit amb agents directors d'estructura voluminosos, com la ITQ-29 i ITQ-12, les més adequades per obtenir punts de carboni fotoluminiscents. La piròlisi de l'agent director d'estructura d'aquestes zeolites dóna lloc a punts quàntics de carboni amb mides de partícula entre 5 i 12 nm i un rendiment de fotoluminiscència quàntica de 0.4 que van ser emprats com a sensors d'oxigen fluorescents. L'altra metodologia consisteix en la síntesi de nanomaterials de carbono a partir d'un recuit d'una barreja de PTCA i PEG sota atmosfera d'aire. S'obté nanoobjectes de 2.5 nm d'alçada i amb una longitud mitjana de 40 nm. La morfologia dels C-NOR és de cercles concèntrics similar a una ceba. Aquestes nanopartícules poden internalitzar-se en les cèl·lules de carcinoma humà HeLa i Hep 3B i presenten propietats fotoluminiscents interessants, de la mateixa manera que en dissolució. Van demostrar una notable biocompatibilitat afectant de manera poc perceptible a la viabilitat cel·lular a curts períodes d'exposició segons la prova MTT. Per tal d'abordar el possible ús d'aquesta nanopartícules en bioimatge i la seva toxicitat es va realitzar un estudi toxicològic complet in vitro. Es van realitzar avaluacions de viabilitat, proliferació, estudis de generació d'apoptosi i estrès oxidatiu després de l'exposició limitada o contínua amb diferents concentracions. Es va observar que les dos nanopartícules no van mostrar toxicitat en les dues situacions a baixa concentració, encara que certa toxicitat s'ha determinat a concentracions superiors sota exposició contínua. Aquests resultats donen suport a la possible utilització de nanopartícules C-NOR i C-NOR(Eu) com a agents
García Baldoví, H. (2016). Preparación y propiedades fotofísicas de materiales grafénicos y puntos cuánticos basados en carbono. Aplicaciones en nanotecnología [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/68505
TESIS
Premiado
Silva, Diego Edison Lopez. "Síntese e caracterização de nanotubos de carbono mediante as técnicas de CVD e PECVD". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-18012017-150102/.
Pełny tekst źródłaFor the past two decades, the nanostructures known as carbon nanotubes (CNT), have been the center of attention of many research centers, due mainly to its physical and chemical properties, turning them into a first order tool in many kind of applications. This work pretends to study the fabrication and characterization of these nanostructures, using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) techniques, since they are reported as the best ones in terms of quality, quantity and ease of use. The research is routed by the fine tuning of the variables involved in both processes, such as the temperature, the gas precursors, the gas flows, the flow ratio, the metal catalyst etc. as well as the variables involved in just one of the processes, in the case of CVD, the high temperatures, and in the case of PECVD, the pressure, the RF power for plasma formation etc. The way to evaluate the obtained results was through the most suitable techniques relative to CNT analysis , as Raman microscopy, electron microscopy, both scanning and transmission, and x-ray diffraction. Thus we pretend to perform an exhaustive research with the aim to find a synthesis of carbon nanostructures suitable for different kind of applications, routed principally to electronic devices.
Cohignac, Vanessa. "Réponse macrophagique à des nanoparticules manufacturées : effets de leurs caractéristiques physico-chimiques sur l’autophagie". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1185/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaL'exposition à des nanoparticules manufacturées (NP) peut entraîner des effets sur la santé, notamment au niveau respiratoire, où elles peuvent induire des phénomènes de remodelage pulmonaire. Toutefois, les mécanismes cellulaires sous-jacents à ces effets et l'influence des caractéristiques physico-chimiques des NP dans ces effets sont encore loin d'être compris. L'objectif de cette thèse était d'évaluer la réponse macrophagique à des NP présentant différentes caractéristiques physico-chimiques (taille/longueur, composition chimique, forme, structure cristalline ou propriétés de surface) en se concentrant particulièrement sur leurs effets sur l'autophagie. Nous avons montré que l'exposition de macrophages murins à des nanotubes de carbone multi-parois (MWCNT) induisait un blocage de l'autophagie tandis que l'exposition à des NP sphériques induisait une autophagie fonctionnelle. Le blocage du flux autophagique par les MWCNT est associé à une accumulation de lysosomes non fonctionnels. Par ailleurs, les MWCNT induisaient une réponse oxydante et pro-inflammatoire plus importante que les particules sphériques qui pourrait être lié à leur blocage de l'autophagie. Ces résultats montrent un rôle prépondérant de la forme des nanomatériaux sur le processus autophagique, et ouvrent de nouvelles voies pour l'interprétation et la compréhension de la toxicité des nanomatériaux
Liu, Xiao Jie. "Synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and carbon based nanohybrid materials for biomedical and energy application". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF055/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis was focused on the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide and cobalt oxide and core-shell nanoparticles, consisting of a cobalt oxide coated iron oxide and on the development of composite nanomaterials - nanostructures carbon /metal oxide nanoparticles - for applications in the biomedical field and the energy. For the synthesis of NPs, the shape and size of NPs are dependent of the reaction conditions, which further affect their magnetic properties. Meanwhile, simulation showed that stearate chains can desorb more easily from iron atoms and release to form seeds than from cobalt atoms, which might explain distinctive behavior between the bath complexes. Regarding nanostructures carbon/metal oxide nanoparticles hybrid materials, the properties of the filled magnetic CNTs as heat mediator for photothermal ablation and as contrast agent for MRI were then evaluated and promising results have been obtained. Last, new composite materials (Nb205 nanoparticles/graphene or NTCs) were synthesized and promising results were obtaines in lithium battery tests : their use as anode allowed obtaining reversible capacities of 260 mAh/g
Cipri, Andrea. "Carbon nanotubes and metal nanoparticles as electrode platform for sensors and biosensors". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/377462.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is mainly focused on the improvement of the properties of sensors and/or biosensors using carbon nanotubes and metal nanoparticles as electrode platform. After having gone through a good amount of literature examples, to reach this goal it has been decided to embed the metal nanoparticles on the carbon nanotubes surface to be able to take advantage of both material properties; for this reason, various synthetic procedures from the literature has been tested, modifying and optimizing them. This first step of the work was aimed to find a facile and quick synthetic protocol to generate a nano-hybrid material and it ended with an effective one-pot synthetic protocol that allows having the final desired material without intermediate purification steps. Of course the protocol has to be slightly modified depending on the desired metal nanoparticles. The obtained nano-hybrid materials have been characterised, especially through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) but also some time with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), after every synthesis to verify if the protocol was working. The next step has been a test of the nano-hybrid material, applying it to the surface of an epoxy graphite electrode (largely used in our lab) or a screen-printed electrode (SPE) for the detection of a biomolecule, Tyrosine. This test showed remarkable results (Article 1) with a clear improvement of the detection ability and sensitivity of the nano-hybrid material against the bare screen-printed electrode or the modification with only carbon nanotubes (without metal nanoparticles). After this success few different nano-hybrid materials have been prepared with different metal nanoparticles with the objective to try them in an electrode array system commonly used in our lab, the electronic tongue system, used for the resolution of mixtures of analytes. An electronic tongue system is not just an array of sensors (this would be better explained in the Introduction of this work), but it also needs a step of data processing since the analytes involved in the process supply very similar results; for this, an advanced chemometric treatment is needed, (in our case using Artificial Neural Networks). With the aim of gathering new variants, in this case the use of enzymatic biosensors, part of this work has been carried out at the Lund University (Sweden) in collaboration with the group of Prof. Lo Gorton; in this way, the computer processing part could be applied without having to worry also of the electrode optimization, since in that group they already had optimized biosensors that could be used for our purpose. This collaboration resulted in an interesting outcome (Article 3 – manuscript) where we have been able to build as a proof-ofconcept a novel bio-electronic tongue with variation of a specific enzyme (cellobiose dehydrogenase – CDH), a sensing element never used before in this manner. The last step of this work has been the integration of the synthesised nano-hybrid materials in the sensors for the electronic tongue used in our lab. The targets of the electronic tongue have been the sugars present in sugarcane bagasse used for the production of bio-fuels. The results collected and the goodness of prediction of the electronic tongue system have been satisfactory and they have been recently published (Article 2), showing a proof-of-concept of a working system for sugar mixtures resolution.
La, Torre Alessandro. "Nanoparticles in hollow carbon nanostructures". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594975.
Pełny tekst źródłaCastillo, Barrero Rafael. "Platinium based catalysts for the PROX reaction. Influence of the carbon overlayers". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC292.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the Hydrogen technology, the preferential oxidation of CO in excess of hydrogen (PrOx reaction) is an important process for obtaining CO-free hydrogen for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). PtCu based catalysts are one of the most studied systems for mobile devices because of their high activity/selectivity balance and their appropriate chemical and mechanical properties for the start-up/shut-down procedures during fuel processors operation conditions.Recently, the use of Pt-Cu bimetallic catalysts with excellent activity and selectivity towards CO oxidation was reported for PrOx reaction. However, there are not clear evidences off the nature of the active phases and the role of both metals during the reaction.To understand this system it is necessary to create a model catalyst which facilitates the study. Thus, well-defined Pt-Cu bimetallic alloy nanoparticles were synthetized and studied by Operando techniques allowing the comprehension of the surface electronic modifications in the solid-gas interface of the above mentioned model catalyst under PrOx reaction conditions.In this work, the composition and nature of the species present on the catalyst surface upon well-controlled reaction conditions were studied, in particular from the point of view of surface dynamics, structural transitions and the possible effects of reaction atmosphere and adsorbed overlayers on the surface composition and structure of the alloy
Armand, Lucie. "Effet des nanoparticules de dioxyde de titane sur les métalloprotéases, influence des paramètres physicochimiques". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00771963.
Pełny tekst źródłaNguyen, Anh-Minh. "Safer-by-design emerging nanomaterials : the case of bimetallic gadolinium-cerium oxysulfides". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS279.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaNanomaterials possess fascinating properties but are regarded as potentially harmful. This negative image limits the potential for innovation in both research and industry. To maximize the potential of emerging nanomaterials and ensure safety during their life cycle, “safer-by-design” may be employed in the early stage of nanomaterial research. It consists in investigating their properties, functionality and toxicity at the same time. With feedback between each step of the studies, the performance as well as the safety of the materials may be improved.Bimetallic gadolinium-cerium oxysulfides of compositions Gd2(1-x)Ce2xO2S are emerging nanomaterials that show potentials in photocatalysis and biomedical imaging. Nanoplatelets of dimension 2 × 20 nm were prepared by colloidal synthesis in organic solvent. In-depth characterization of the products was provided. Then, safer-by-design approach was discussed in relation with oxysulfide nanoplatelets design for photocatalysis (light absorption, photodegradation of dyes, radical production) and biomedical imaging (coating, photoluminescence, magnetic properties). Their potential toxicity was assessed using a combination of in vitro and in vivo models. For both applications, the cerium content and the surface properties of the nanoplatelets appeared to be key parameters that impact their functionality and toxicity. Overall, this work presents the first attempt to develop safer-by-design metal oxysulfide nanoparticles
Wang, Dong. "Nouveaux catalyseurs recyclables pour les réactions de formation de liaisons carbone-carbone et carbone-azote". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0128/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaCatalysts based on dendrimers and magnetic nanoparticles are becoming increasing utilized in the context of green and sustainable chemistry, because they are easily separated by precipitation or by using asimple magnet respectively, and they are recyclable. In this spirit, the thesis has been devoted to the synthesis, characterization and catalytic applications of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles-immobilized molecular, nano-and dendritic catalysts involving Ru, Cu and Pd. Magnetically recyclable ruthenium(II) and Cu(I) complexes and Pd nanoparticles have provided excellent catalytic performances in terms of activity, stability and recyclability, using alkyne-azide cycloaddition and carbon-carbon cross coupling reactions. The synthesis of mono-and polymetallic palladium complexes containing the 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole ligand or nonabranch-derived ligands has also been carried out, and their catalytic properties in coupling reactions has been studied
Xu, Yiguo. "Détection quasi-in situ de nanoparticules par incandescence induite par laser pendant la synthèse par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur de nanotubes de carbone". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC070/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work contributes to the quasi-in-situdetection of nanoparticles by laser induced incandescence(LII) technique during the floating catalytic chemicalvapor deposition (FCCVD) synthesis of Carbonnanotubes.First, high resolution transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used to characterize the nanoparticlenature and size. The theoretical LII signal was simulatedby considering the nanoparticle density, heatcapacity and size distribution, etc. A detailed sensitivityand uncertainty of the key parameters on the evaluatedparticle size for this model was estimated. TheLII model was validated by a comparison of the evaluatedresults with the ones obtained by TEM measurements.Then, the developed LII technique combinedwith TEM was applied to investigate the evolutionof nanoparticles in the gas phase along thereactor axis. The influence of the temperature, ferroceneconcentration, carbon source and hydrogen ratioon the nanoparticle size was also demonstrated. Finally,the roles of nanoparticles in the gas phase duringCNT synthesis process were discussed by correlatinginformation on the axial nanoparticle evolutionand the morphology of CNTs synthesized on thesubstrate along the reactor axis. And a model basedon the thermodynamics of the nanoparticle nucleationwas proposed to describe the nanoparticle formationprocess during the FCCVD process. It is found thatthe as-formed nanoparticles in the gas phase exhibitcore-shell structures with an α-Fe core and a carbonshell. Hence iron nanoparticles in the gas phasecould not contribute to the CNT growth on the substratebecause of the carbon encapsulation. Meanwhilethe evaluated size of nanoparticles by LII is ingood agreement with the TEM determined one. Thisstudy, showing potential relations between the floatingnanoparticles and the CNTs on the substrate, revealsthe important LII application prospect to understandand to improve the FCCVD process
Jumelle, Clotilde. "Délivrance de molécules dans l'endothélium cornéen par nanoparticules de carbone activées au laser femtoseconde". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STET011T.
Pełny tekst źródłaCorneal endothelial cells (CEC) are essential for corneal transparency. However, on humans, they are unable of proliferation owing to its arrest of G1 phase of the cell cycle, making corneal endothelial monolayer particularly vulnerable. The gene and drug delivery represents a promising solution to maintain CEC viability. Unfortunately, the major difficulty of this technique is the transport across the cell membrane, normally impermeable to high-size molecules. Several techniques of molecules delivery have already been tested on corneal tissue but none of them gives results sufficiently convincing to be used in clinical applications. The aim of this thesis is to adapt and develop a new technique of intracellular molecules delivery, based on cell perforation via photoacoustic effect induced by the activation of carbon nanoparticles by femtosecond laser, on in vitro and ex vivo models of corneal endothelium
Fernandes, Diogo Andre Jose Cardoso. "Novel photoactive materials based on carbogenic nanoparticles". Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2017. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/24034/.
Pełny tekst źródłaLiu, Xiang. "Nanomatériaux à base d'éléments de transition tardifs pour la catalyse de réactions "click" et impliquant des liaisons carbone-azote". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S113/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe design and synthesis of late transition-metal nanomaterials is of considerable interest towards applications in nanomedicine, molecular recognition, sensing and catalysis under environmentally friendly conditions. Eleven different kinds of dendrimer-stabilized TMNPs have been synthesized and characterized. They were employed as catalysts for “click” and 4-nitrophenol reduction reactions, to study the relationship between their catalytic activities and their ''inside vs. partly outside'' dendrimer localization. On the other hand, a new ferrocenyl-containing unsymmetrical CuII-Schiff-base complex, and its covalently poly(methyl) (methacrylate) (PMMA)-grafted counterpart were synthesized and employed as efficient precatalyst in the CuAAC “click reaction. The PMMA-supported catalyst has been reused at least three times without any lost of activity or copper leaching. A selective NAlkylation reaction of amines with alcohols using Pd/C as an efficient and reusable catalyst has also been developed
Moreira, Da Silva Cora. "Développement d'une stratégie de synthèse de catalyseurs métalliques pour la croissance sélective de nanotubes de carbone". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASF013.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the age of miniaturization of ever more powerful electronic components, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most promising materials. The realization of transistors based on SWCNTs has become a real scientific and economic challenge. Unfortunately, the single-wall CNTs, essential to this nanotechnology, can be either metallic or semiconductor depending on their atomic structure and we do not yet know how to select them sufficiently efficiently during their synthesis. Numerous research teams have been working for nearly 25 years for this purpose. The growth technique that has shown the greatest selectivity is CVD (chemical vapor deposition) assisted by nanoparticles acting as catalysts. Based on theoretical studies demonstrating the importance of carbon solubility within catalysts for selective growth, several groups have focused on the use of bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) composed of carbon-solubilizing atoms (Co , Fe, Ni) allied to atoms which do not dissolve it (Ru, W etc.), in order to be able to play on the carbon concentration of these nanoreactors at the time of growth. The aim of this thesis is to develop a strategy for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, of size, shape and controlled chemical composition, common to several catalytic systems, in order to be able to play on the mechanisms governing the growth of CNTs in a perfectly controlled manner. We propose here a method of colloidal synthesis at controlled temperature, making it possible to obtain NPs in solid solution, homogeneous in volume, shapes, sizes and controlled chemical compositions. This method allows the synthesis of nano-alloys, whether they are bi-, tri-, tetra-, or even pentametallic. The study of these particles by transmission electron microscopy has also enabled us to highlight the presence of a force on the surface acting on the colloidal NPs and on their lattice parameter. Finally, we tested these new particles by exposing them to a carbon gas in an environmental microscope (NanoMAX - LPICM and IPCMS - Strasbourg), which validated the viability of our colloidal pathway for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes and have followed in situ their growth
Korobeinyk, A. V., S. V. Sevost’yanov i V. A. Tertykh. "Carbon Nanoparticles Prepared from Household Waste". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35151.
Pełny tekst źródłaNamburi, Madhu Phani. "Studies on polymer/carbon based nanoparticles". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/3035.
Pełny tekst źródłaA utilização de estruturas à base de carbono (CNT, CNF e CF por exemplo) na preparação de compósitos de matriz polimérica tem despertado bastante interesse tanto no que concerne as suas propriedades como as potenciais aplicações. A adição deste tipo de cargas em matrizes poliméricas por vezes não provoca qualquer alteração nas propriedades no compóstio devido à sua má dispersão. Por esse motivo é geralmente necessário proceder a uma modificação química da superfícice destas cargas. Neste trabalho são seguidas duas abordagens distintas. Inicialmente estudouse a modificação química dos MWCNT e posterior polimerização radicalar viva por ATRP a partir da superfície. Seguidamente, utilizou-se o mesmo processo de modificação superficial à CFs e o seu efeito na interface CF/resina epoxi foi estudado. No primeiro caso os MWCNTs foram oxidados com ácido nitrico. Aos MWCNTs resultantes ancorou-se um diol e posteriormente um iniciador de ATRP. Seguidamente procedeu-se à polimerização de tert-acrilato de butilo a partir da superfície. Os materiais obtidos foram caracterizados através de testes de solubilidade, análise elementar, TEM, SEM e TGA. As CF, foram também submetidas ao processo de oxidação da superfície e de ancoramento de um diol. As CFs modificadas foram utilizadas na preparação de compósitos CF/resina epoxi e o efeito da modificação química na interface CF/ polímero foi estudado por espcroscopia de Raman e SEM. No 1º capítulo é feita uma introdução aos CNTs, às CF, à polimerização radicalar viva por ATRP, à preparação de compósitos. No 2º capítulo apresentam-se os resultados obtidos com os MWCNTs. No 3º capítulo apresentam-se os resultados obtidos com as CF e discute-se o efeito da modificação superficial sobre as propriedades dos compósitos preparados. O 4º capítulo consiste num resumo das conclusões tiradas nos capítulos anteriores e são feitas algumas sugestões para trabalhos futuros. ABSTRACT: In many cases the influence of these reinforcing materials in polymer matrices is not detected due to poor dispersion. So, for the efficient utilization of these reinforcing materials (MWNTs, CF) in the polymer based composites, needs prior functionalization. In this work two approaches have been studied: initially the surface oxidation & functionalization of MWNTs and polymerization process were studied and explored. Later the same oxidation & functionalization process was applied to CF surface modification and then it’s influence on the interface of CF/ epoxy resin was determined. In the first approach MWNTs were subjected to oxidation with nitric acid and submitted to the incorporation of a diol spacer. Then they are subjected ATR polymerization process using tert-butyl acrylate as monomer. The modified materials were characterized by solubility tests, elemental analysis, TEM, SEM and thermo gravimetric analysis. In the next part CF were subjected to same oxidation and diol functionalization process then they are used to produce CF/epoxy resin composites and studies are done on the effect of surface modification on the interface of CF and epoxy matrix. Tensile test in situ Laser Raman Spectroscopy was used to determine the interfacial behavior and properties. Surface modified CF was characterized using LRS and SEM. In the first chapter an introduction about CNTs, CF, ATR polymerization, PCM and work description is given. The second chapter is totally concerned with MWNTs work which contains detailed information of MWNTs and living polymerization, materials and equipments, experimental procedures and characterization and discussions related to this study. In the third chapter the detailed introduction to CF and its surface modification, polymer matrix, experimental procedures and characterization & discussions related to this study were given. In the fourth chapter the results and conclusions on both the works are described. The work concludes by giving some suggestions for future works.
Minke, Mary Vickery 1967. "Production and analysis of carbon nanoparticles". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291707.
Pełny tekst źródłaWatson, Venroy George. "Decoration of Graphene Oxide with Silver Nanoparticles and Controlling the Silver Nanoparticle Loading on Graphene Oxide". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1396879714.
Pełny tekst źródłaAhiadu, Ben K. "Role of Nanoparticles in Voltammetric Signal Enhancement Exhibited by Layer-by-Layer (LbL) Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes (SPCEs)". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3232.
Pełny tekst źródłaFreire, Rafael Melo. "Magnetic Nanoparticles and Carbon Quantum Dots: Interdisciplinary Nanoparticles for Sensing and/or Education". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/22447.
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In this work, a sensing strategy for detection and identification of proteins with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) was developed. In this sense, mixed ferrites of general formula M0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 (M=Mn or Ni) were first investigated. Therefore, the hydro/solvothermal synthesis of these magnetic nanoparticles was performed under different conditions (solvent, reaction time and base concentration). Based on the magnetic properties of the two MNPs investigated, the mixed ferrite of formula Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 (MnZn) synthesized using water showed the greatest potential for sensing. Since among all synthesized MNPs, this sample displayed the highest saturation magnetization value ( M S 50 emu/g), lower crystallite size around 12 nm and superparamagnetic behavior. Once the first part of the doctoral thesis was concluded, the next step was to find a fluorescence probe. In this regard, it was performed the synthesis, as well as the application of branched poliethylenimine-functionalized carbon quantum dots (CQDs.BPEI). These new carbon-based nanoparticles were found to be protein-responsive. Since CQDs.BPEI were able to detect eight different proteins (four metallic and four non-metallic) even using concentrations in the range of 5 – 40 nM. Fluorescence titrations performed at 298 and 310 K displayed the fluorescence quenching through collisional mechanism. Therefore, it was also possible to conclude that the fluorescence quench comes from the amino acid residues on the surface of the proteins. To further check the potential of the CQDs.BPEI, it was developed a “nose” based methodology to identify proteins. Using materials as cheap as Cu2+ and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, the chemical “nose” approach was able to discriminate six different proteins at 40 nM concentration in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4). The identification accuracy of the random unknown set was 90% with all misclassification occurring for albumin proteins (e.g., Bovine Serum Albumin and Human Serum Albumin). The displayed results evidence the great potential of CQDs.BPEI as a protein-responsive probe to detect and identify proteins. Taken together, MnZn and CQDs.BPEI were capable to build up a powerful protein sensing approach. In addition, realizing the great potential of CQDs in the educational field, it was also developed and successfully applied (for more than 70 students from biotechnology, pharmacy, engineers and geology courses) a lab experiment to demonstrate lightrelated quantum phenomena.
Neste trabalho, uma estratégia para detecção e identificação de proteínas incluindo nanopartículas magnéticas (MNPs) e pontos quânticos de carbono (CQDs) foi desenvolvida. Assim, ferritas mistas de fórmula M0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 (M=Mn or Ni) foram inicialmente investigadas. Neste sentido, suas sínteses foram feitas utilizando diferentes condições (solvente, tempo reacional e concentração de base). Logo, baseado nas propriedades magnéticas das MNPs sintetizadas, escolheu-se a Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 (MnZn) sintetizada em água por mostrar grande potencial, uma vez que essa amostra apresentou alto valor de magnetização de saturação ( M S 50 emu/g) em comparação com outras ferritas de composição semelhante, baixo tamanho de cristalito por volta de 12 nm e comportamento superparamagnético. Com a primeira parte do trabalho concluída, a próxima etapa foi encontrar uma sonda fluorescente. Assim, realizou-se a síntese dos CQDs funcionalizados com grupamentos amina (CQDs.BPEI). Quando testada contra 8 diferentes proteínas (4 metálicas e 4 não-metálicas), apresentou variação da emissão para concentrações na faixa de 5 – 40 nM. Titulações fluorescentes também foram realizadas e observou-se que a supressão da fluorescência ocorre via mecanismo colisional a partir de resíduos aminoácidos na superfície da proteína. Para adicionalmente checar o potencial dos CQDs.BPEI, foi desenvolvida abordagem para identificar proteínas utilizando materiais Cu2+ e o ácido etilenodiamino tetraacético. No total, a estratégia desenvolvida foi capaz de identificar corretamente 6 diferentes proteínas a 40 nM. A precisão da identificação encontrada foi 90% para as amostras desconhecidas. Contudo, vale ressaltar que os 10% de engano foram apenas entre BSA e HSA, duas proteínas albumínicas muito similares. Os resultados obtidos nessa parte do trabalho evidenciam o alto potencial de CQDs.BPEI para detecção e identificação de proteínas. Observando os resultados do trabalho como um todo, pode-se afirmar que MnZn e CQDs.BPEI são capazes de compor excelente abordagem para detecção e identificação de proteínas. Adicionalmente, foi explorada a utilidade dos CQDs para o campo educacional. Dessa forma, foi também desenvolvido e aplicado (mais de 70 estudantes de graduação oriundos dos cursos de biotecnologia, farmácia, engenharias e geologia) um experimento de laboratório para demonstrar fenômenos quânticos relacionados com a luz.
Salado, Leza Daniela. "Development of platinum based nanoparticles to enhance cancer cell killing by gamma rays and carbon ion radiation". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS456/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaRadiotherapy based on the use of high energy photons (X-rays) is the most common approach in cancer treatment. However, its implementation is limited by the tolerance of healthy tissue. Therefore, it is of major interest the development of new techniques and protocols to improve the selectivity of radiation effects within the tumor. In this perspective, the hadrontherapy (tumor irradiation by protons or carbon ions) is considered as one of the most promising techniques due to the energy deposition of ions in depth which is maximum at the end of the track. However, the use of this modality remains restricted by the lower but significant damage induced to the normal tissue located at the entrance of the ion beam.To improve the performance of radiation therapies, a new strategy based on the combination of metallic nanoparticles (nanomedicine) with ionizing radiations was studied. These treatments have been developed by the group. Indeed, the nanoparticles present a remarkable surface chemistry that allows their functionalization with ligands which make them less recognized by macrophages allowing an important accumulation of these nano-agents selectively into the tumors.The goal of my work was thus to develop platinum based nanoparticles (mono- and bimetallic Pt NPs) to enhance the effect of radiations (photons and carbon ions) into the cells.A novel one-step method of synthesis combining radiolysis and in situ PEGylation has been optimized. This method enabled to obtain stable NPs with a uniform size (metallic core diameter close to 3 nm) and shape. The biological impact of these new Pt NPs was evaluated in two human cancer cell lines.It has been observed that non-toxic Pt NPs have an internalization pathway that strongly depends on the cell line. These are, in all cases, exclusively localized in the cytoplasm. The Pt NPs developed in this work significantly enhanced cancer cell killing, particularly when medical carbon ions are used to irradiate.The molecular mechanisms underlying this effect were investigated through the use of a bio-nanoprobe. These experiments showed that NPs are responsible for the increase of nanometric damage, lesions that can be lethal to cells. This effect is attributed to an electronic activation processes and to the reneutralisation of NPs, which generates a strong perturbation in the surrounding nanometer volume producing highly reactive and toxic free radical clusters.In conclusion, this work at the interface of physics, chemistry and biology shows the potential of platinum NPs to improve the eradication of cancer cells by radiation
Monsalve, Grijalba Karen. "Nanostructuration des électrodes pour l'électrocatalyse enzymatique : vers une biopile H2/O2 "verte"". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4745.
Pełny tekst źródłaAmong the technologies based on H2 as an energy carrier, biofuel cells that use specific and effective enzymes as biocatalysts instead of platinum catalysts appear as emerging alternative. The objective of this thesis is to understand the parameters governing the functional immobilization of specific enzymes for H2 oxidation and O2 reduction reactions on nanostructured interfaces, aimed to design a performant H2 / O2 biofuel cell.Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) having different sizes and surface chemistry are characterized. These nanomaterials develop important ratios surface / volume ratio, allow an increment in the number of enzyme molecules immobilized and therefore an increase catalytic currents. The immobilization of enzymes on AuNP allowed the discrimination between the increase in surface area and a nanomaterial effect on catalytic efficiency. The study on CNT integrates the charge of the electrochemical interface, dipole moments and the surface charge of enzymes. It demonstrated that electrostatic interactions control the electron transfer process. This study shows that the molecular basis for effective immobilization of enzymes, obtained on monolayers is applicable to 3D networks.The determination of the best parameters for enzymatic reactions, allows the development of an optimized 3-D volumetric interface based on carbon felt. We finally design for the first time a H2/O2 biofuel cell able to generate enough electric power to feed a complete wireless communication device
Nguyen, Tuyet Trang. "Utilisation de nanotubes de carbone pour la préparation de catalyseurs confinés". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0062/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is refer of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a support to confine metal nanoparticles or as a template for the confinement of the active phase. Chapter I give a comprehensive review of the state of knowledge on the effects of confinement in CNTs. Chapter II describes the preparation and characterization of the metals (ruthenium, palladium and cobalt) confined inside CNTs catalysts. In this context, the study of the influence of various parameters such as operating conditions, nature of the metal or precursor or nanosupport pretreatment, on the selectivity of confinement is presented. Chapter III consists of two parts: one is devoted to the using of CNTs as a template for the synthesis of silica nanotubes (SNTs in the presence or absence of ruthenium particles confined in their channel). The other part is the immobilization of the catalyst (rhodium metallic complex) in an ionic liquid phase as active catalytic phase before filling in CNTs. Chapter IV concernes the application all catalyst-filled CNTs systems in the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde and 1-hexene reaction. The confinement effect on the catalytic performance is presented
Sanganwar, Ganesh P. Gupta Ram B. "Environmentally benign mixing of nanoparticles". Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1965.
Pełny tekst źródłaHu, Qin. "Synthesis, characterization and analytical separation of fluorescent water-soluble carbon nanoparticles". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/156.
Pełny tekst źródłaPuyo, Maxime. "De la molécule au dispositif : utilisation de complexes métalorganiques pour la décoration de couches minces carbonées par des nanoparticules d'argent et application à l'analyse électrochimique". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30270.
Pełny tekst źródła4-nitrophenol is commonly used as a model pollutant since its chemical structure is similar to several water pollutants. 4-nitrophenol is electroactive, thus it is used to benchmark sensing devices of which the best take advantage of various nano-objects properties. Among these nano-objects, silver nanoparticles are scarcely used despite their known catalytic properties for the chemical reduction of 4-nitrophenol. We tried to create a silver-nanoparticles-based composite electrode using an original metalorganic approach. This approach has required the development and the study of two starting materials: metalorganic complexes, used as silver nanoparticles precursors, and an easily-tuned carbon electrode. The study of these materials gave us an insight into their properties and the mechanism leading to the final composite electrode. Thanks to this insight and the understanding of the main experimental factors, various silver-nanoparticles-based electrodes have been obtained, presenting different structures of silver nanoparticles. The as-obtained electrodes have been tested for the electrochemical analysis of 4-nitrophenol, bringing to light correlations between the silver nanoparticles structuration and the electrochemical behavior of the 4-nitrophenol. This study has highlighted several leads to improve detection performances. Above all, it has proved that our metalorganic approach was promising for the preparation of miniaturized sensing devices
Kerdi, Fatmé. "Nouveaux carbones mésostructurés comme supports de nanoparticules d’or pour des oxydations sélectives aérobies". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10170/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaHighly dispersed gold nanoparticles in ordered mesoporous carbons CMK-3 have been obtained by an original method which consists in replicating mesoporous SBA-15 silicas containing gold nanoparticles. The gold particle size is smaller when the silica surface is functionalized with a thiol (mercaptopropyl graft, MPTMS) (dAu ~ 2 nm) than with an ammonium (TPTAC) (dAu ~ 6 nm). The gold particle size in replicas can be controlled by both the calcination temperature of the silica template and the pyrolysis temperature of the carbon source. Although the carbon replicas are much better dispersed in non polar solvents than the corresponding silica templates, they are less active in the aerobic oxidations of cyclohexene and trans-stilbene in the liquid phase. The best performances in the oxidation of these two molecules have been obtained on replicas pyrolysed at 750°C and containing gold particles with an average size of about 2 nm. The very small particles are unexpectedly less active probably because they are completely coated by carbon, and thus inaccessible. The catalytic performances of our replicas have been compared with those of a Au/CMK-3 catalyst prepared by colloidal deposition onto a preformed mesoporous carbon replica. The results show that our catalysts are much less active than that prepared by colloidal deposition because the majority of particles in our replicas are covered by carbon. The inaccessibility of particles to gases has been confirmed by hydrogen chemisorption on a Pt/CMK-3 catalyst prepared by an identical method
Bérard, Rémi. "Formation et croissance par voie plasma d'analogues en laboratoire de poussières d'étoiles : exploration du rôle du rapport C/O et des métaux". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30178.
Pełny tekst źródłaDust formation is a fundamental topic in both cold plasma physics and astrophysics. This PhD thesis, carried out at the interface between these two fields, aims to better understand the formation of stardust. The problem is treated experimentally in cold plasmas and discussed in the context of the environment of evolved stars. We observe the formation of successive generations of dust due to pulsed injection of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO: Si2O(CH3)3) in a capacitively-coupled radiofrequency asymmetric plasma sustained in argon. The used molecular precursor contains potential stardust forming elements, like carbon, oxygen, silicon and hydrogen. Our approach involves different steps: study of the dust formation in the plasma, dust collection, characterization of the dust properties and correlation of the plasma parameters with the dust characteristics. We have thus succeeded to identify optimum conditions for the formation of organosilicon dust with typical size of 50 nm. A major factor impacting dust formation in evolved stars is the variation of the C/O ratio, which is though to determine two large families of stardust, silicates (C/O < 1) and carbonaceous dust (C/O > 1). To explore this effect, we have enriched the Ar/HMDSO mixture with oxygen aiming at a variation of the C/O ratio in the plasma. Above a certain quantity of oxygen, dust is not formed anymore in the plasma. The abundance of oxygen limits dust formation through inhibition of the dust seeds in the gas phase. Instead, deposition of a silica-like matrix is favored. The role of metals is studied through sputtering of a silver target during organosilicon dust formation. We have demonstrated the formation of dust with composite structure in this case. Dust contains crystalline silver nanoparticles that attach to the amorphous organosilicon dust during their growth phase. Moreover, the presence of silver leads to a large variety of molecules composed of species containing Ag and/or Si and hydrocarbon species. Those molecules reveal a complex chemistry around three competitive processes at molecular scale: dust formation involving molecules such as SiCH3 or SiOCH3, metallic grains with clusters of Agn and aromatic molecules of large size such as C16H10 and C24H12, whose formation path involves radicals and possibly an organometallic chemistry as revealed by AgC5H6 and AgC13H8. The above results demonstrate the undoubted necessity to tackle stardust formation by taking into account the chemical complexity of these media
Thakur, Ranjit. "Nanoparticles and nanofibers production using supercritical carbon dioxide". Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Dissertation/THAKUR_RANJIT_3.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaSengupta, Aritra. "Intracellular drug delivery using laser activated carbon nanoparticles". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53996.
Pełny tekst źródłaLuo, Yanqi. "Interfacial Interactions between Carbon Nanoparticles and Conjugated Polymers". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1291.
Pełny tekst źródłaConturbia, Giovanni de Lima Cabral. "Celulas solares baseadas em nanotubos de carbono modificado e nanoparticulas de ouro". [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250676.
Pełny tekst źródłaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Resumo:Células solares orgânicas têm despertado atenções devido ao baixo custo de produção e dos materiais utilizados, bem como devido à versatilidade química e de propriedades eletrônicas e ópticas dos semicondutores orgânicos. A eficiência atual atinge 5% (100 mWcm). Nanotubos de carbono encontram suas aplicações nessas células ora como eletrodos transparentes ora como material receptor de elétrons. Nesse trabalho, foi realizada a modificação química de nanotubos de carbono de única camada com grupos tióis, visando a incorporação de nanopartículas metálicas ou semicondutoras. O material de partida, bem como os nanotubos modificados, foi caracterizado por Espectroscopia Raman, Espectroscopia de Fotoelétron por Raios-X, Análise Térmica e Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão de Alta Resolução. Foi necessário um pós-tratamento (térmico e lavagens com diversos solventes) para que pudéssemos obter nanotubos individuais e funcionalizados. O pós-tratamento também possibilitou um aumento na fotocorrente dos dispositivos em comparação com o dispositivo sem nanotubos de carbono. A incorporação de nanopartículas de ouro no sistema P3HT/fulereno acresceu a fotocorrente e o fator de preenchimento dos dispositivos. Estudos de caracterização através de difração de raios-X, espectroscopia UV-visível e microscopia de força atômica, indicam que esse aumento está relacionado a uma mudança na morfologia do sistema, aumentando a cristalinidade do polímero e também ao efeito plasmônico com a adição das nanopartículas. Imagens de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão revelaram que as nanopartículas de ouro estão distribuídas tanto na fase polimérica quanto na fase contendo moléculas de fulereno
Abstract: Organic solar cells have attracted attention due to their low costs of production and materials used, as well as the chemical versatility and good electronic and optical properties of organic semiconductors. The current efficiency reaches 5% (100 mWcm). Carbon nanotubes materials can be applied in these cells as both transparent electrode or as electron acceptor materials. In this work, the chemical modification of single wall carbon nanotubes was carried out attaching thiol groups, aiming the incorporation of semiconductor or metallic nanoparticles. The raw material and the modified nanotubes were characterized by Raman Spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Thermal Analysis and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy. A post-treatment (thermal and washing with different solvents) was necessary in order to obtain single functionalized nanotubes. The post-treatment also allowed an increase in the photocurrent of the devices compared to the device without carbon nanotubes. The incorporation of gold nanoparticles in the P3HT/fullerene system increased the photocurrent and the fill factor of the devices. X-Ray diffraction, UV-vis Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy studies reveal that such increase can be related to the plasmonic effect and also to a change in the morphology, increasing polymer crystallinity after incorporation of the gold nanoparticles. High resolution transmission microscopy images showed that the nanoparticles are distributed between both polymer and fullerene phase.
Mestrado
Físico-Química
Mestre em Química
Shen, Jiong. "Application of nanoparticles in polymeric foams". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1150139899.
Pełny tekst źródłaIlkiv, B., O. Foya i S. Petrovska. "Electronic structure of hollow graphitic carbon nanoparticles made from acetylene carbon black". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/39545.
Pełny tekst źródłaCosta, Elisabete Fernandez Reia Da. "Liquid moulding of carbon nanoparticle filled composites". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7276.
Pełny tekst źródłaChiang, Wei-Hung. "Engineering Nanocatalysts for Selective Growth of Carbon Nanotubes". Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1238692060.
Pełny tekst źródłaGama, Cátia Fernandes. "Uma proposta para o ensino de nanociência e da nanotecnologia, nas aulas de física do ensino médio". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/81/81131/tde-25112014-152017/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe purpose of this study is to investigate the teaching and learning of concepts of nanoscience and nanotechnology in high school, involving the study of nanomaterials and its impact on society. Many times the perception of nanoscience and nanotechnology is associated with scientific activities developed in sophisticated and expensive laboratories; this idea establishes a barrier to teaching and learning. Since carbon is a very common element in nature, the study of carbon nanoparticles allows us to introduce concepts of nanoscience and nanotechnology in the classroom, using low cost materials and, thus, making possible the approach of the students to one of the central branches of modern science.
Santana, Ana Carolina de Toledo [UNESP]. "Avaliação da promiscuidade catalítica de soroalbuminas em sínteses orgânicas". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136330.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O presente trabalho teve como principal objetivo estudar a atividade catalítica de soroalbumina bovina (BSA) em reações formadoras de uma nova ligação C-C: Reações aldólica, de Henry e Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH). Em todos os casos a BSA atuou como catalisador, visto que quando as reações foram realizadas sem sua presença, não houve formação dos produtos desejados. Os rendimentos obtidos para as reações aldólica (37%), Henry (80%) e MBH (73%), variaram de bons a moderados e não foi observada enantiosseletividade para nenhuma das reações estudadas. As soroalbuminas são proteínas que formam muita emulsão dificultando os processos downstream na separação dos produtos e materiais de partida. Visando minimizar este inconveniente, a BSA foi submetida à imobilização em MCLEA (magnetic cross-linking enzyme aggregates) utilizando nanopartículas magnéticas de óxido de ferro. Nestes casos, o biocatalisador pôde ser facilmente retirado do meio reacional com aplicação de um campo magnético externo. Esta metodologia afetou diretamente no rendimento da reação de Henry, passando de 80% para 89%. Porém, para as outras reações a melhoria no rendimento não foi tão expressiva. A imobilização também não foi eficaz para o aumento dos excessos enantioméricos. Até o momento para a reação de MBH com os substratos utilizados, não há relatos na literatura para a síntese do aduto desejado catalisado pela BSA. Sendo assim, optamos por realizar um planejamento fatorial completo dessa reação visando otimizar as condições reacionais bem como os rendimentos. As variáveis estudadas foram: temperatura, concentração do biocatalisador e condição do biocatalisador (livre ou imobilizado). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a variável com maior influência na reação, é a concentração do biocatalisador. A conversão obtida passou de 30% para 40% utilizando 2,2 μmol de BSA. Em seguida, realizamos um estudo de ascendência da concentração do catalisador visando otimizar este parâmetro. A conversão obtida passou para 73% quando foram utilizadas 3,7 μmol de biocatalisador imobilizado. Realizamos um estudo de reciclagem do biocatalisador imobilizado. Foi possível reutiliza-lo porém com diminuição da conversão a partir do segundo ciclo. Os resultados obtidos nesta dissertação evidenciam o potencial biocatalítico da BSA em reações para a formação de ligação C-C.
This work aimed to study the catalytic activity of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in reactions that form a new C-C bond: aldol reactions, Henry and Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH). In all cases BSA served as the catalyst, whereas when the reactions were carried out without their presence there was no formation of the desired products. The yields obtained for aldol reactions (37%), Henry (80%) and MBH (73%), ranged from good to moderate enantioselectivity and was not observed for any of the studied reactions. The serum albumins are proteins that form the much emulsion difficulting downstream processes in separation of the products and starting materials. To minimize this inconvenience, the BSA was subjected to immobilization in M-CLEA (magnetic cross-linking enzyme aggregates) using magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide. In these cases the biocatalyst could be easily removed from the reaction medium by applying an external magnetic field. This methodology directly affect the yield of the Henry reaction, from 80% to 89%. However, for other reactions the improvement of yields was less pronounced. The immobilization was also not effective for improving the enantiomeric excess. So far for the MBH reaction with the worked substrates, there are no reports in the literature for the synthesis of the desired adduct catalyzed by BSA. So we decided to study a full factorial design of this reaction to optimize the reaction conditions and yields. The variables studied were: temperature, the biocatalyst concentration and biocatalyst conditions (free and immobilized). The concentration of biocatalyst was the major factor with interference in all reactions. The conversion increased from 30% to 40% using 2.2 μmol of BSA. Then we perform a study of catalyst concentration to optimize this parameter. The conversion increased to 73% when they were used 3.7 μmol immobilized biocatalyst. To evaluate the retention of catalytic activity of BSA immobilized, it was performed a study of the immobilized biocatalyst recycling. It was possible the reuse but with reduced conversion from the second cycle. The results obtained in this work demonstrated the potential of BSA in C-C bond formation reactions.