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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Carbone Inc"
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Reis, Diony Alves, Claúdia Liane Rodrigues de Lima i Adilson Luís Bamberg. "Qualidade física e frações da matéria orgânica de um Planossolo sob sistema plantio direto". Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 51, nr 9 (wrzesień 2016): 1623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2016000900062.
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Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade física e as frações da matéria orgânica de um Planossolo sob sistema plantio direto (SPD), com diferentes tempos de implantação, no Sul do Brasil. Amostras de solo foram coletadas nas camadas de 0,00-0,03, 0,03-0,06, 0,06-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m, tendo-se determinado: a porosidade total (Pt); a macroporosidade (Ma); a microporosidade (Mi); a resistência do solo à penetração (Rp); a densidade (Ds); os macro e microagregados; o diâmetro médio ponderado dos agregados (DMP); o carbono orgânico total (COT); o carbono das frações leve livre (FLL), leve oclusa (FLO) e pesada (FP); os estoques de carbono (EstC), os índices de labilidade (ILC), de estoque (IEC) e de manejo do carbono (IMC). O tempo de implantação SPD aumentou a Pt, a Ma, os EstC, e diminuiu a Mi, a Rp e a Ds. O SPD promove os atributos DMP, ILC, IEC e IMC a partir do quinto ano de implantação, e, portanto, melhora a qualidade física do solo.
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Tawbi, H. A., S. Buch, P. Pancoska, Y. Lin, M. Saul, M. Romkes, R. Sobol i J. M. Kirkwood. "Prediction of response to alkylator-based chemotherapy in metastatic melanoma (MM) using gene expression and promoter methylation signatures". Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, nr 15_suppl (20.05.2009): 9009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.9009.
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9009 Background: Temozolomide and dacarbazine (TMZ and DTIC) remain the mainstay of alkylator-based chemotherapy for MM, despite response rates of 10–15% and the absence of any impact on survival. Classification of patients according to responsiveness can guide the individualization of therapy and inform approaches to abrogate mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance. Epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in regulation of genes associated with resistance and were evaluated in tandem with gene expression profiling in biological samples from MM patients (pts) to refine our understanding of the epigenomic-genomic-phenotypic interplay. Methods: We examined promoter methylation and gene expression in tumor tissues of 21 pts with MM treated with TMZ or DTIC, using high throughput technologies (Illumina Inc). The cases were divided into responder (R) and non-responder (NR) groups based on clinical response. The data were analyzed using Prediction Analysis of Microarrays (PAM) from BRB array tools. Results: Differential promoter methylation analysis revealed that 63.6% of promoter sites were hypomethylated in tumors obtained from R pts (p<0.0001). PAM analysis of gene expression data revealed that a classifier set consisting of 82 genes was able to predict NRs from Rs with 83% sensitivity and 89% specificity. Promoter methylation profiling did not independently correlate with R status. A simultaneous analysis of the promoter methylation and gene expression values first stratified into 3 data-driven categories and then combined into a 3 by 3 matrix allowed us to identify a common gene expression/methylation signature of 15 genes that classified both NR and R groups accurately 100% of the time. Conclusions: Gene expression signatures independently predict response to chemotherapy in MM, however promoter methylation profiling alone does not. Analysis of combined gene expression and promoter methylation in a well- annotated clinical data set dichotomized according to response identified a highly predictive signature. The findings from this study are qualified by the relatively small sample size and are currently being validated in an expanded sample set. Supported in part by the ECOG Paul Carbone, MD, Fellowship Award. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Donnet, J. B., Y. J. Li, T. K. Wang, H. Balard i G. T. Burns. "Surface Energy of Silica Xerogels and Fumed Silica by Inverse Gas Chromatography and Inverse Liquid Chromatography". Rubber Chemistry and Technology 75, nr 5 (1.11.2002): 811–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547685.
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Abstract Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) and inverse liquid chromatography (ILC) have been used to detect the interaction energy between silicas (fumed silicas and silica xerogels) surfaces and probes molecules. The silica surfaces were modified chemically by trimethylsiloxane functions. Either IGC or ILC have detected the adsorption energy change following the surface modification. In IGC technique, the results with several probes show clearly the physico-chemical properties of the silica surfaces. ILC was developed to use bigger probe molecules which are more similar in structure to polymers. In this work, squalene, a non volatile molecule with 30 carbon atoms and several double bonds, was used in ILC to simulate elastomer molecules.
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Wiseman, Lesley. "What Animals Want: Expertise and Advocacy in Laboratory Animal Welfare Policy L Carbone (2004). Published by Oxford University Press Inc, 198 Madison Avenue, New York 10016, USA. 291 pp Hardback (ISBN 0 19 516196 3). Price £20.00." Animal Welfare 14, nr 4 (listopad 2005): 393–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600029808.
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Schettini, Bruno Leão Said, Carlos Moreira Miquelino Eleto Torres, Laércio Antônio Gonçalves Jacovine, Paulo Henrique Villanova, Samuel José Silva Soares da Rocha, Maria Paula Miranda Xavier Rufino i Fillippe Tamiozzo Pereira Torres. "EFEITO DO FOGO NA ESTRUTURA E ESTOCAGEM DE CARBONO DE UM FRAGMENTO FLORESTAL DA MATA ATLÂNTICA". Nativa 7, nr 3 (30.04.2019): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v7i3.6913.
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O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do fogo na estrutura e estocagem de carbono de uma capoeira, e comparar qual o impacto na vegetação da queima prescrita (QP) em relação ao incêndio não controlado (INC). O estudo foi conduzido em um fragmento florestal em estágio inicial de regeneração de 1,94 ha. INC’s foram observados no local entre os anos de 2014 e 2017. Em um desses incêndios, no ano de 2017, parte da capoeira (0,37 ha) foi atingida. O restante da área (1,57 ha) foi submetido ao procedimento de QP, para comparar a diferença entre as duas ações na vegetação. Foi realizado inventário florestal do tipo censo, nos anos de 2013, 2015 e 2017, e, posteriormente, realizadas avaliações de estrutura horizontal, volumetria e estoque de carbono. A densidade absoluta (DA), no ano de 2017 foi 64,37% inferior ao primeiro levantamento. A dominância absoluta (DoA) foi 74,24% inferior que no inventário de 2013. Mabea fistulifera Mart. foi a espécie de maior valor de cobertura (VC) nos três inventários. O INC afetou drasticamente a estrutura da floresta. O número de indivíduos ha-1 da QP foi 51,86% superior ao do INC. O impacto do incêndio trouxe danos a estrutura da floresta, bem como ao seu potencial de mitigação das mudanças climáticas enquanto a QP produziu impacto menor.Palavras-chave: degradação florestal, incêndio não controlado, queima prescrita. EFFECT OF FIRE ON THE STRUCTURE AND CARBONO STORAGE OF A FOREST FRAGMENTE OF THE ATLANTIC FOREST ABSTRACT:The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of fire on the structure and carbon storage of a capoeira, and to compare the impact on the vegetation of the prescribed burning (QP) in relation to uncontrolled fire (INC). The study was conducted in a forest fragment at the initial stage of regeneration of 1.94 ha. INC were observed at the site between the years 2014 and 2017. In one of these fires, in the year 2017, part of the capoeira (0,37 ha) was affected. The rest of the area (1.57 ha) was submitted to the QP procedure, for comparation between the two actions in the vegetation. A census-type forest inventory was carried out in the years 2013, 2015 and 2017, followed by assessments of horizontal structure, volumetry and carbon stock. The absolute density (AD) in 2017 was 64.37% lower than the first survey. The absolute dominance (DoA) was 74.24% lower than in the inventory of 2013. Mabea fistulifera Mart. was the species with the highest coverage value (CV) in all three inventories. The INC affected drastically the structure of the forest. The number of individuals ha-1 of QP was 51.86% higher than that of INC. The impact of the fire has damaged the forest structure as well as its potential to mitigate climate change and QP has a smaller impact on the forest than the INC.Keywords: forest degradation, uncontrolled fire, prescribed burning.
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Prasetyo, Imam, Rochmadi Rochmadi, Teguh Ariyanto i Rakhmat Yunanto. "SIMPLE METHOD TO PRODUCE NANOPOROUS CARBON FOR VARIOUS APPLICATIONS BY PYROLYSIS OF SPECIALLY SYNTHESIZED PHENOLIC RESIN". Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 13, nr 2 (23.08.2013): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21290.
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Nanoporous carbon materials, a unique and useful material, have been widely used in many technologies such as separation processes, catalysis, energy storage, gas storage, energy conversion, etc. due to its high specific surface area and tunable porosity. In this research, nanoporous carbons were prepared using simple and innovative approach based on structural array of phenolic resin polymer without activation during carbonization process. The effect of phenolic reactant type and composition on pore structure and carbon surface morphologies was studied. Nanoporous carbon derived from resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) and from resorcinol phenol formaldehyde (RPF) polymers was suitable for electrode material supercapacitor and CO2 capture medium. RF-derived and RPF-derived carbons provide electrode material supercapacitor with specific capacitance up to 246 F/g, whereas carbonized RPF exhibited CO2 uptake of 10.63 mmol/g (at 3.5 MPa 298 K). Nanoporous carbon derived from resorcinol para-tert-butyl phenol formaldehyde (RTBPF) polymer exhibited attractive characteristics as methane storage media with methane uptake capacity as high as 8.98 mmol/g (at 3.5 MPa 298 K).
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Maafa, D., H. Balard i J. B. Donnet. "The Study of Adsorption of Iodine on Carbon Black by Inverse Liquid Chromatography". Rubber Chemistry and Technology 80, nr 5 (1.11.2007): 895–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3539423.
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Abstract The study of iodine adsorption on carbon black samples was made using inverse liquid chromatographic frontal analysis (ILC). Unlike HPLC supports, the efficiency of the chromatographic column filled with a carbon black designed for rubber applications is low. Then the front boundaries of a non-adsorbed molecule, like heavy water (D2O) or acetone, was taken as reference for the calculation of the desorption isotherms. The monolayer capacity of adsorption, Langmuir's and Henry's constants were determined from the desorption isotherms. It was observed that 40% of the surface of the studied carbon black corresponds to a phenomenon of irreversible adsorption of the probe, and that the ILC also highlighted the heterogeneity of the studied carbon black. The adsorption energy distribution functions of iodine obtained by this method are similar to those which were already determined by IGC-FC with the heptane -like probe. The differences in behaviors between two families of carbon black could be attributed to the surface roughness.
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Niu, Shuhui, Shuwei Gao, Kai Zhang, Zhifei Li, Guangjun Wang, Hongyan Li, Yun Xia i in. "Effects of hydraulic retention time and influent nitrate concentration on solid-phase denitrification system using wheat husk as carbon source". PeerJ 11 (24.07.2023): e15756. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15756.
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Solid-phase denitrification shows promise for removing nitrate (NO3−-N) from water. Biological denitrification uses external carbon sources to remove nitrogen from wastewater, among which agriculture waste is considered the most promising source due to its economic and efficiency advantages. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) and influent nitrate concentration (INC) are the main factors influencing biological denitrification. This study explored the effects of HRT and INC on solid-phase denitrification using wheat husk (WH) as a carbon source. A solid-phase denitrification system with WH carbon source was constructed to explore denitrification performance with differing HRT and INC. The optimal HRT and INC of the wheat husk-denitrification reactor (WH-DR) were 32 h and 50 mg/L, respectively. Under these conditions, NO3−-N and total nitrogen removal rates were 97.37 ± 2.68% and 94.08 ± 4.01%, respectively. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the dominant phyla in the WH-DR operation were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Campilobacterota. Among the dominant genera, Diaphorobacter (0.85%), Ideonella (0.38%), Thiobacillus (4.22%), and Sulfurifustis (0.60%) have denitrification functions; Spirochaeta (0.47%) is mainly involved in the degradation of WH; and Acidovorax (0.37%) and Azospira (0.86%) can both denitrify and degrade WH. This study determined the optimal HRT and INC for WH-DR and provides a reference for the development and application of WH as a novel, slow-release carbon source in treating aquaculture wastewater.
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Ismail, Amri, Hanggara Sudrajat i Desi Jumbianti. "ACTIVATED CARBON FROM DURIAN SEED BY H3PO4 ACTIVATION: PREPARATION AND PORE STRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATION". Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 10, nr 1 (21.06.2010): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21495.
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Activated carbons have been produced from the natural biomaterial durian (Durio zibethinus) seed, using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as the activating agent. The effects of impregnation ratio, activation temperature, heating rate on the carbon surface area, porosity and mass yield are presented. A two step process has been used, the first step was a low temperature impregnation at 150 °C using phosphoric acid and the second step was the carbonization at high temperatures, namely, 600 and 900 °C. The most outstanding carbon with the highest surface area of 2123 m2/g was prepared using an impregnation ratio of 2, an activation temperature of 600 °C for 4 h and a heating rate of 1 °C/min. Keywords: activated carbon, durian seed, phosphoric acid activation
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Adlim, Muhammad, Ratu Fazlia Inda Rahmayani, Fitri Zarlaida, Latifah Hanum, Maily Rizki, Nurul Ummi Manatillah i Omar Muktaridha. "Simple Preparations and Characterizations of Activated-Carbon- Clothes from Palm-Kernel-Shell for Ammonia Vapor Adsorption and Skim-Latex-Odor Removal". Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 21, nr 4 (25.05.2021): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.63570.
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This study explored a simple preparation and characterization of the activated carbon and cloth from the palm kernel shell and compared it to the commercial-water-filter-carbon specification. A new pyrolysis chamber that is easily scaled up using the palm kernel shell itself as a heat source was tested. Two different steps were compared: the alkaline activation process performed before or after the carbonation process in the palm-kernel-shell carbon preparation. The palm-kernel-shell activated carbons prepared with the current method fulfilled the standard quality of activated charcoal except for the ash content. The sequencing step of the preparation affected the adsorption capacity. Instead of the reverse sequence, the soaking palm kernel shells in NaOH before the carbonation process lead to a higher adsorption capacity. The carbon particle stability on the cloth surface was affected by both the adhesive concentration and its size. The ammonia adsorption capacity of activated carbon cloth (ACC) was between 1–4 mg ammonia per g stuck carbon. The preparation and the carbon type source on ACC affected the adsorption capacity. The ACC absorbed and lessened the skim latex odor vapor, nearly odorless depending on the ACC area and the volume of odor vapor.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Carbone Inc"
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Greenup, Carrazana Lisbet. "Coeficiente de partição do C'O IND 2' no processo de injeção de água carbonatada". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264295.
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Orientador: Osvair Vidal TrevisanDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências
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Resumo: O processo de recuperação de óleo pelo deslocamento com CO2 é um método líder na recuperação melhorada de óleos leves e médios. No entanto, a rápida irrupção do CO2 no poço produtor e a baixa eficiência de varrido diminuem sua atratividade. Uma alternativa mais eficiente é a injeção de água carbonatada (IAC). Um dos fatores mais importantes para a compreensão deste processo é o coeficiente de partição, que quantifica a quantidade de CO2 transferida da água carbonatada injetada para o óleo do reservatório durante o deslocamento. A sua determinação é de vital importância para o planejamento e a simulação da injeção de água carbonatada. Contudo, há poucos estudos experimentais publicados sobre o levantamento deste parâmetro. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o coeficiente de partição do CO2 entre as fases óleo e água, para determinadas condições PVT e obter uma gama de parâmetros que possam ajudar na simulação e avaliação do processo para uma futura aplicação no campo. Considerando que a repartição de CO2 entre ambas as fases é refletida no aumento dos volumes iniciais da salmoura e do óleo (testes de inchamento), é desenvolvida uma metodologia baseada num estudo teórico e experimental, que avalia o aumento do volume conjunto da mistura do óleo recombinado e a salmoura carbonatada ao entrarem em contato, nas condições de injeção (pressão de 9.000 psi, temperatura de 64 ºC. Outras medidas de interesse, na caracterização do processo, são o ponto de bolha, o fator volume-formação do óleo, a razão gás-óleo, viscosidades e densidades. Duas etapas foram desenvolvidas para a avaliação do inchamento da mistura de água carbonatada com óleo: teórica, com um programa de simulação de PVT (WinProp), e experimental, com um sistema de garrafas PVT e com uma célula PVT visual. Dentro dos resultados mais significativos consta uma caracterização do óleo do reservatório com sua representação numérica por meio da equação de estado de Peng-Robinson (1978). Assim como a estimativa do coeficiente de partição do CO2 entre as fases óleo e água para as condições especificadas de pressão, temperatura e razão molar óleo-água. Alem disso, descreve-se uma metodologia para a determinação do coeficiente de partição, que durante sua execução, revelou vários aspetos, que fornecem um grande aprendizado para trabalhos futuros relacionados com o tópico
Abstract: Oil recovery process by carbon dioxide displacement is the leader improved recovery method applied to light and medium oil reservoirs. Nevertheless, the effects of early breakthrough and poor reservoir sweep let it a less attractive method. The flooding with carbonated water is a more efficient choice. The partition coefficient is one of the key parameters driving the process; it quantifies the CO2 amount transferred from the injected carbonated water to reservoir oil. The aim of the present investigation is to study the CO2 partition coefficient between oil and water phases for specific PVT conditions and to obtain some experimental data for the reservoir simulation input. Taking into account that CO2 partition between both phases reflects in the increase of the initial volumes of the brine and oil, a methodology based on theoretical and experimental study was created. It made possible to estimate, under injection condition (9000 psi the pressure and 64 ºC the temperature), the swelling of the final volume of carbonate water and oil mixture. Other essential parameters, as reservoir oil bubble point, oil formation volume factor, gas oil ratio, densities and viscosities were measured. Two stages were performed to evaluate the mixture swelling effect of carbonate water with oil: the simulation modeling, by using the PVT simulation program (WinProp) and lab experiments, by using a PVT bottle and a PVT cell. With the obtained results the reservoir oil was characterized with its numerical representation via a Peng-Robinson equation of state (1978). The CO2 partition coefficient value between oil and water was assessed for specific conditions of pressure, temperature and molar water-oil ratio. Also a methodology for estimation of the partition coefficient was described and tested
Mestrado
Reservatórios e Gestão
Mestra em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
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Souza, Amanda Pereira de. "A cana-de-açucar e as mudanças climaticas : efeitos de uma atmosfera enriquecida em 'CO IND. 2' sobre o crescimento, desenvolvimento e metabolismo de carboidratos de Saccharum ssp". [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317739.
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Orientadores: Marcos Silveira Buckeridge, Marilia GasparDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Desde o início da Revolução Industrial as concentrações de CO2 atmosférico aumentaram em cerca de 30% e estimativas apontam que esta concentração poderá atingir aproximadamente 720 ppm até a metade deste século. Estudos sobre o efeito do alto CO2 no desenvolvimento de diversas espécies vegetais já foram realizados, porém poucos com espécies de gramíneas tropicais do tipo C4, como é o caso da cana-de-açúcar. Considerando a importância econômica da cana e seu potencial na obtenção de biocombustíveis é importante saber como esta cultura irá responder ao aumento previsto na concentração de CO2 atmosférico. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito do aumento do CO2 atmosférico sobre o crescimento, desenvolvimento e metabolismo de carboidratos da cana-de-açúcar visando avaliar o potencial de seqüestro de carbono e o impacto das mudanças climáticas sobre a produtividade. Parâmetros fisiológicos, bioquímicos e moleculares foram analisados em plantas cultivadas em câmaras de topo aberto durante 50 semanas com atmosfera de CO2 ambiente (~370 ppm) e elevada (~720 ppm). Os principais resultados obtidos indicam incremento em altura, na taxa fotossintética e em biomassa de colmo e folhas das plantas cultivadas sob elevado CO2. Ao final das 50 semanas foi detectado no colmo das plantas crescidas em tais condições, um aumento no teor de sacarose, de fibras e no conteúdo de celulose. A análise do perfil de transcritos de folhas após 9 e 22 semanas de cultivo usando microarranjos revelou expressão diferencial de 37 genes, sendo que 14 foram reprimidos e 23 foram induzidos e correspondem principalmente a genes de fotossíntese e desenvolvimento. Nossos resultados indicam que a cultura da cana-de-açúcar tem capacidade para seqüestro de carbono e potencial para aumento na produtividade em condições de alta concentração de CO2
Abstract: Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere increased about 30% and the current forecasts point out that this concentration will reach approximately 720 ppm until the middle of this century. Studies about the effect of CO2 on the development of several plant species have been performed. However, few studies have been performed with tropical grass species having photosynthesis C4, as is the case of sugar cane. Due to the economic importance of sugar cane and its high potential to obtain biofuel, it is important to known how this crop will respond to the forecasted increase in the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Therefore, the goal of this work was to study the effects of increased CO2 concentration on growth, development and carbohydrate metabolism of sugar cane aiming the evaluation of the potential of this specie for carbon sequestration and the impact of the global climatic change on its productivity. Physiological, biochemical and molecular features of these plants have been analyzed during 50 weeks of growth in Open-Top-Chambers (OTCs) with ambient (~370 ppm) and elevated (~720 ppm) CO2 concentrations. After 50 weeks of growth under these conditions, we observed an increase of sucrose content, fiber an also in cellulose contents in stems of plants grown under elevated CO2. The microarray analysis of the transcriptome of leaves was obtained after 9 and 22 weeks and revealed differential expression of 37 genes. Fourteen genes were repressed and 23 induced by elevated CO2. The latter correspond mainly to the processes of photosynthesis and development. Our results indicate that the sugar cane crop has a high potential for carbon sequestration and increase of productivity under elevated CO2 concentrations
Mestrado
Biologia Celular
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
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Balestra, Luigi <1994>. "Models and Simulations of Diamond-like Carbon for large-area high voltage power diodes". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10110/1/FINAL_VERSION_300.pdf.
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Silicon-based discrete high-power devices need to be designed with optimal performance up to several thousand volts and amperes to reach power ratings ranging from few kWs to beyond the 1 GW mark. To this purpose, a key element is the improvement of the junction termination (JT) since it allows to drastically reduce surface electric field peaks which may lead to an earlier device failure. This thesis will be mostly focused on the negative bevel termination which from several years constitutes a standard processing step in bipolar production lines. A simple methodology to realize its counterpart, a planar JT with variation of the lateral doping concentration (VLD) will be also described. On the JT a thin layer of a semi insulating material is usually deposited, which acts as passivation layer reducing the interface defects and contributing to increase the device reliability. A thorough understanding of how the passivation layer properties affect the breakdown voltage and the leakage current of a fast-recovery diode is fundamental to preserve the ideal termination effect and provide a stable blocking capability. More recently, amorphous carbon, also called diamond-like carbon (DLC), has been used as a robust surface passivation material. By using a commercial TCAD tool, a detailed physical explanation of DLC electrostatic and transport properties has been provided. The proposed approach is able to predict the breakdown voltage and the leakage current of a negative beveled power diode passivated with DLC as confirmed by the successfully validation against the available experiments. In addition, the VLD JT proposed to overcome the limitation of the negative bevel architecture has been simulated showing a breakdown voltage very close to the ideal one with a much smaller area consumption. Finally, the effect of a low junction depth on the formation of current filaments has been analyzed by performing reverse-recovery simulations.
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Dul, Sithiprumnea. "Carbon-based polymer nanocomposites for 3D-printing". Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2018. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/3038/1/PhD_Thesis_Dul_2018.pdf.
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In this PhD project, novel polymer nanocomposites are developed with the aim to increase the performances of 3D-printed parts obtained by fused deposition modeling (FDM). The attention is focused on carbon-based nanomaterials incorporated into an acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) polymer by a solvent-free process. ABS-based nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating different kinds and amounts of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), carbon nanotubes (CNT) and hybrid (GNP/CNT) systems. In order to understand the effect of the manufacturing process on the material’s properties, the samples were produced into two different processing routes: (i) melt compounding and compression molding, and (ii) melt compounding, following by filament extrusion, and fused deposition modelling (FDM). Several characterization techniques were employed in order to evaluate the flowablity, morphology, mechanical and functional properties of the materials.
In the first part of work, ABS-graphene nanocomposites are described. Two ABS matrices having different viscosity were compared with the addition of various types of commercial graphene nanoplatelets (xGnP® M5, C300, C500, and C750 by XG Sciences) in the range 2-8 wt%. The better processability and higher stiffening effect on compression molded plates were achieved by utilizing the low viscosity ABS. The effects of GNPs on the thermal, electromagnetic shielding (EMI SE), electrical and mechanical behaviour of an ABS matrix were investigated. Melt flow index (MFI) values almost linearly decreased with all the type of GNP, especially with the highest surface area nanofiller (GNP-C750). Due to large size of graphene, nanocomposites filled with GNP-M5 showed the better properties of in electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency (EMI SE) and stiffness. Consequently, GNP-M5 were selected and incorporated at 4 wt% in ABS filaments used to feed a FDM machine to obtain specimens with various build orientations. The elastic modulus and dynamic storage moduli of 3D printed parts along three different build orientations were increased by the presence of GNP-M5 in the ABS matrix. At the same time, a decrease in both strength and strain at break was observed when GNP-M5 is added to ABS. Moreover, higher thermal stability was induced on 3D printed parts by GNP, as indicated by a reduction in both coefficient of linear thermal expansion and creep compliance. A comparison between 3D printed and compression molded parts highlighted the importance of the orientation effects induced by the FDM process.
In the second part of work, the results of the investigation on ABS-carbon nanotubes nanocomposites are reported. ABS-CNT nanocomposites plate production by compression molding and their characterization was a preliminary step. Nanocomposite ABS/CNT filaments at 1-8 wt % were obtained by using direct melt compounding and extrusion. The optimal CNT content in the filaments for FDM was found to be 6 wt %; for this composite, a detailed investigation of the thermal, mechanical and electrical properties was performed. The presence of CNT in ABS filaments and 3D-printed parts resulted in a significant enhancement of the tensile modulus and strength, accompanied by a reduction of the elongation at break. As documented by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, the stiffening effect of CNT in ABS is particularly pronounced at high temperatures. Besides, the presence of CNT in 3D-printed parts accounts for better creep and thermal dimensional stabilities of 3D-printed parts, accompanied by a reduction of the coefficient of thermal expansion. 3D-printed nanocomposite samples with 6 wt% of CNT exhibited a good electrical conductivity, even if lower than pristine composite filaments. In addition, the strain sensing capabilities of the conducting 3D-printed samples with 6 wt% of CNT with two different infill patterns (HC, and H45) were studied. Upon the strain applied, the resistance change and damage in the conductive FDM parts were detectable. Fatigue and creep loading on FDM products were also carried out.
In last part of work, ABS-GNP-CNT hybrid nanocomposites are described. ABS nanocomposites plates with addition GNP-M5 and CNT at 2-8 wt% were compared. A significant higher reduction in MFI value by the addition of CNT compared to GNP was observed. The ABS/GNP nanocomposites showed the slightly higher stiffness and the creep stability compared to the ABS/CNT nanocomposites, but showed the lower tensile strength. Also, the ABS/CNT samples showed significant higher electrical properties in comparison to ABS/GNP. The total nanofiller content of CNT/GNP hybrid plates was fixed at 6 wt%. The hybrid nanocomposites showed a linear increase in modulus and strength as a function to CNT/M5 ratio. Moreover, conductive hybrid nanocomposite plates were obtained by the addition of CNT. The composition of 50:50 of CNT/GNP at 6 wt% was selected for FDM process due to the good compromise between processability and properties (e.g. mechanical and electrical). In agreement with electrical resistivity, EMI SE of 6 wt% ABS/CNT and 50:50 hybrid ABS nanocomposites resulted to be -46 dB and -31.7 dB for plate samples. EMI SE of FDM parts is about for -14 dB HC and H45 build orientation and –25 dB for PC build orientation printing from ABS/CNT nanocomposites, while parts had EMI SE about -12 dB for HC and H45 and -16 dB for PC from hybrid nanocomposites.
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MAFFEIS, VIVIANA. "Carbon nano-onions for biomedical applications". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/928946.
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The biomedical applications of carbon nanomaterials are under intensive investigation for the development
of next-generation therapeutics. Although much focus has been placed on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and
graphene, other carbon nanomaterials including carbon nanohorns (CNHs), nanodiamonds (NDs) and
fullerenes have emerged as suitable candidates for biomedical applications. Among these multi-shell
fullerenes, also known as carbon nano-onions (CNOs), are the less studied carbon nanomaterials in
biomedicine. The unique properties of carbon nano-onions, such as high surface area-to-volume ratio,
thermal conductivity, electrical conductance, mechanical stiffness and ease of chemical functionalization
render them fascinating materials for diverse applications including drug-delivery, diagnostics, biological
imaging and tissue engineering. Carbon nanomaterials are emerging as smart nanostructures for
biomedicine due to the possibility to incorporate multiple functionalities and moieties internally or externally.
They can be modified at a precise physicochemical level to optimize targeting in the complex in vivo
environment and also engineered for fluorescence detection, magnetic resonance imaging and ablation of
tumor cells. Herein, robust and versatile synthetic strategies for the modification of carbon nano-onions
(CNOs) are reported. The development of novel CNO conjugates represent a promising platform for the
realization of novel technology scaffold for molecular imaging, photodynamic therapy and molecular
transporter of fully synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines for immunotherapy due to the large specific
surface area and unique optical and electrochemical properties of CNOs. Through the methodologies
described, these smart nano-materials can envisage the realization of multi stimuli-responsive and dynamic
architectures capable of changing their physicochemical behavior upon encountering specific microenvironmental
signals becoming relevant for diagnosis, imaging and therapies of specific disease
applications.
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IMBRAGUGLIO, DARIO. "Nanostructured carbon/silicon composite opto-electrochemical devices for sensing and energy harvesting applications". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2506359.
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My research activity deals with fabrication, characterization and functionalization techniques of silicon-based nanostructures and systems, such as silicon nanowires and nanostructured porous silicon. In particular, I focused my final dissertation thesis on the synthesis and study of a new class of carbon/silicon nanocomposites, produced by a recently discovered carbonization chemistry of porous silicon. Such a new chemistry has been optimized in order to obtain samples amenable for applications into a liquid dynamic environment. The employed carbon nanocasting process provides both a stable and conductive hybrid nanomaterial, allowing the carbonized porous silicon film to act as working electrode in aqueous media. The electrode stability has been tried out in different liquids as well as under voltage applied. Moreover, the optical properties of the nanostructure enable its use as a sensor for electrically charged species in buffer solutions, such as biomolecular complexes. By application of an electrical potential difference between the working and a counter electrode, the sensor is able to simultaneously attract and detect both positively than negatively charged targets. In the case of electroadsorbed biomolecules, indications on the retention of their functional activity after releasing from the electrode surface are also provided. Furthermore, an electrical measurement system has been added to the optical one in order to monitor, in real-time with the optically transduced signal, the current flowing between the two electrodes during the sensing experiments. A few prototypes which synchronize the optical and electrical responses of the sensor have been fabricated and their performances tested by varying the electrical parameters. These new combined opto-electrochemical devices can potentially find applications both in future label-free sensing than in next-generation energy harvesting technologies.
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De, Genua Francesca. "Engineered Alumina / Silicon Carbide Laminated Composites". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368173.
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High-melting temperature oxides, carbides and nitrides are superior in hardness and strength to metals, especially in severe conditions. However, the extensive use of such ceramics in structural engineering applications often encountered critical problems due to their lack of damage tolerance and to the limited mechanical reliability. Several ceramic composites and, in particular, laminated structures have been developed in recent years to enhance strength, toughness and to improve flaw tolerance. Significant strength increase and improved mechanical reliability, in terms of Weibull modulus or minimum threshold failure stress, can be achieved by the engineering of the critical surface region in the ceramic component. Such effect can be realized by using a laminated composite structure with tailored sub-surface insertion of layers with different composition. Such laminate is able to develop, upon co-sintering, a spatial variation of residual stress with maximum compression at specific depth from the surface due to the differences in thermal expansion coefficient of the constituting layers.
In the present work silicon carbide has been selected as second phase to graduate the thermal expansion coefficient of alumina due to its relatively low specific density that could allow the production of lighter components with improved mechanical performance, also for high temperature applications. Ceramic laminates with strong interfaces composed of Al2O3/SiC composite layers were produced by pressureless sintering or Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) of green layers stacks prepared by tape casting water-based suspensions. Monolithic composites containing up to 30 vol% silicon carbide were fabricated and thoroughly characterized. Five engineered ceramic laminates with peculiar layers combination that is able to promote the stable growth of surface defects before final failure were also designed and produced. By changing the composition of the stacked laminae and the architecture of the laminate, tailored residual stress profile and T-curve were generated after co-sintering and successive cooling in each multilayer.
The results of the mechanical characterization show that the engineered laminates are sensibly stronger than parent monolithic composite ceramic and exhibit surface damage insensitivity, according to the design. Such shielding effect is especially observed when macroscopic cracks are introduced by high load Vickers indentations. Some designed multilayers exhibit reduced strength scatter and higher Weibull modulus, which implies superior mechanical reliability. Fractographic observations on fracture surfaces of the engineered laminates show a graceful crack propagation within the surface layers in residual compressive stress which can be attributed to the stable growth of superficial cracks before final failure as it is predicted by the apparent fracture toughness curve. Such fracture behaviour is considered to be responsible for the peculiar surface damage insensitivity and the improved mechanical performance.
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SOTO, ALICIA. "Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) and how to accelerate the development and commercialization of carbon base products in the European and US market". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2942140.
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SHAHZAD, MUHAMMAD IMRAN. "Growth, Characterization & Applications of Carbon Nanomaterials". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2551359.
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The purpose of this research is to develop and improve the process of massive growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Beside the growth of CNTs and their potential applications, CNTs based polymer composites properties were also explored. The thesis may be divided into two major sections.
In the first section a comprehensive introduction to carbon nanomaterials specifically CNTs (which includes the structure, types, growth mechanism and techniques, characterization techniques and properties) is described. Then the CVD growth procedure adopted in our lab to grow different carbon nanomaterials in particular Multiwall Carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) under differential experimental conditions is discussed. We have grown upto 3mm thick MWCNTs carpet on Si substrate with MWCNTs diameter in the range 20nm-80nm. The individual length of MWCNTs is as long as few hundreds of micrometer. MWCNTs based structures were also grown on patterned surfaces. The patterning of the surfaces is performed by soft photolithography. These MWCNT structures have very interesting applications e.g. a). The vertical cylinders were use to produce SiC hollow cylinders, and b). CNT based fins grown on Si substrate were used to enhance the convective heat transfer properties. Several treatments (thermal annealing, acid treatment and plasma treatment) were also performed on MWCNTs in order to modify their characteristics. These procedures are useful for purification, functionalization and graphitization of MWCNTs.
The second section about CNT based polymer composites starts with the brief introduction to polymer composites, processing techniques, major issues in mixing the CNTs in different polymers and finally the mixing tools used for better dispersion. The optical characterization of PDMS based MWCNTs composites films are studied. These films can have application in optical limiting devices. Furthermore, the transparency of these films is also used to calculate a unique parameter absorption cross section of a single MWCNT. The absorption cross section of individual MWCNTs having widely different aspect ratios scales with their volume. The approximation of absorption cross section per carbon atom is also in close agreement with that of graphite.
The electrical conductivity phenomena in epoxy based carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) composites are also discussed. A total number of 16 types of different CNMs were used. Several conduction behaviors have been found e.g. from highly conductive CNTs which showed linear Ohmic curve, to non-linear diode-like trend to completely insulating one. The best performances have been reached by the shortest and thinner MWCNTs (both as grown and slightly functionalized with COOH groups), which can underline that small fillers can be better dispersed inside the composite and create a better conductive net within the matrix. We have also applied physical models such as the percolation theory and the fluctuation mediated tunnelling theory to the most conductive nanocomposites, with poor agreement between experimental data and theoretical prediction. Finally, we applied a recently revised model based on tunnelling-percolation theory and obtained a good fit between experimental and theoretical results.
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AUDASSO, EMILIO. "Simulation of High Temperature Fuel Cells for Carbon Capture". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1038604.
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The aim of this doctoral thesis is to develop and apply a kinetic model for the simulation of High Temperature Fuel Cells for energy conversion and Carbon Capture applications. In particular, the work will focus on the analysis and the modeling of a newly discovered mechanism in Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells that sees the net migration of H2O from the cathode to the anode side in competition with the usually encountered migration of CO2. This mechanism was never reported in the literature and was named "dual-anion mechanism" to underline the parallel migration of carbonate and hydroxide ions. It is important because it can greatly affect the cell’s performance in terms of both energy conversion and CO2 sequestration.
The work was performed in collaboration with ExxonMobil that first observed this phenomenon during a campaign to test the use of molten carbonate fuel cells as Carbon Capture devices. The work was also done in partnership with FuelCell Energy, who through an agreement with ExxonMobil obtained all of the experimental data of this phenomenon.
The analysis of the mechanism and the development of a model to simulate cells working at such conditions were conducted in a series of different steps. To start, based on experimental data, the mechanism was studied as a function of the reactant gases to understand the main dependences of the occurring phenomena. Consequently, as more data became available, additional dependences to improve the knowledge of the mechanism and the modeling were studied. In particular, the work was focused on the analysis of the effects that the diffusion resistance has on the extent on which one anionic path evolves over the other. Successively, the operating temperature and the carbonate/hydroxide equilibrium were studied and included in the model. The analysis of the experimental data also allowed to observe the effects that the gas atmosphere can have on the cell ohmic resistance as it was determined that the electrolyte melt can change based on equilibria between melt and gas phase. The developed kinetic formulation was implemented into the SIMFC code, a home-made Fortran program realized by the group PERT of the University of Genoa for the simulation of High Temperature Fuel Cells (Molten Carbonate and Solid Oxide). In this way, the model was successfully tested by simulating the experimental data.
Additionally, a formulation to consider the direct internal steam reforming of CH4 on the performance of cells was also included into the SIMFC code. The formulation considers the reaction locally with dependence on catalyst loading. As such, it allows the study of the effect of catalyst distribution and degradation. This part of the thesis was developed on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells instead of Molten Carbonate. This choice was dictated by the fact that I spent a period of 8 months during the first year of the Ph.D. program at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology studying solid oxide fuel cells materials, specifically focused on the use of perovskite (a possible solid oxide fuel cells anode material) as catalysts for the CH4 reforming reaction which will be presented.
The overall model developed and implemented into the SIMFC code was demonstrated to be very promising in simulating High Temperature Fuel Cells performance under a great range of operating conditions.
Książki na temat "Carbone Inc"
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Veit, Görner, Lower Saxony (Germany). Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur i CFK-Forschungszentrum Nord, red. Carbon art. Drochtersen: MCE Verlagsgesellschaft, 2011.
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Wilcox, Jennifer. Carbon Capture. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012.
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I, Gizyn W. Phytotoxicology 1996 investigation: UCAR Carbon Canada Incorporated, Welland : report. [Toronto]: Ontario Ministry of the Environment, 1998.
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Bo, Riemann, i Søndergaard Morten, red. Carbon dynamics in eutrophic, temperate lakes. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1986.
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P, Mathi, i Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, red. Feasibility on macroscopic separation of carbon isotopes by IR laser chemistry: A technical report. Mumbai: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2007.
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1922-, Watanabe Nobuatsu, red. Graphite fluorides and carbon-fluorine compounds. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991.
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Rehkopf, Jackie D. Automotive carbon fiber composites: From evolution to implementation. Warrendale, Pa: SAE International, 2012.
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R, Ehleringer J., Hall A. E. 1940- i Farquhar Graham D, red. Stable isotopes and plant carbon/water relations. San Diego: Academic Press, 1993.
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Lasankin, Serey. Carbon neutralization of steelmaking, energy and cement industries. Silhouettes of the carbon-neutral industry. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2122427.
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The monograph examines the ROLL technology that allows solving the climate problem in the steelmaking, energy and cement industries. We are not talking about the exclusion of carbon from the technological process, but about the neutralization of the resulting carbon dioxide.
ROLL technology is based on the idea of producing several products from a single heating of raw materials, and the main tools are universal ROLL chambers that bring allied productions closer together in time and space. This reduces the energy intensity of the total product and directs the saved and produced energy to neutralize carbon dioxide.
It is intended for scientific and engineering workers, teachers, graduate students and students interested in this problem.
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American Welding Society. Committee on Qualification. i American Welding Society. Technical Activities Committee., red. Standard welding procedure specification (WPS) shielded metal arc welding of carbon steel: (M-1/P-1, group 1 or 2), 3/16 through 3/4 inch, in the as-welded condition, with backing. Miami, Fla: American Welding Society, 1990.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Carbone Inc"
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Bokros, Jack. "CarboMedics Inc. Gets Acquainted with Intermedics Inc." W Heart of Carbon, 75–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17933-4_10.
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Bokros, Jack. "CryoLife Inc. Buys On-X Life Technologies Inc." W Heart of Carbon, 231. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17933-4_31.
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Bokros, Jack. "Medtronic Inc. Project". W Heart of Carbon, 125–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17933-4_18.
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Bokros, Jack. "General Atomic Inc. Medical Products Division Sold to Intermedics Inc." W Heart of Carbon, 71–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17933-4_9.
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Bokros, Jack. "The Hemex Inc. Venture". W Heart of Carbon, 85–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17933-4_12.
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Bokros, Jack. "European Company Buys Intermedics Inc." W Heart of Carbon, 121–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17933-4_17.
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Bokros, Jack. "CarboMedics Inc. Moves to Austin Texas". W Heart of Carbon, 79–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17933-4_11.
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Bokros, Jack. "The St. Jude Medical Inc. Litigation". W Heart of Carbon, 93–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17933-4_13.
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Bokros, Jack. "First Bileaflet Valve: St. Jude Medical Inc. Start-Up". W Heart of Carbon, 67–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17933-4_8.
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Bokros, Jack. "Medical Carbon Research Institute LLC/On-X Life Technologies Inc." W Heart of Carbon, 137–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17933-4_19.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Carbone Inc"
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DuBoff, Scott M. "Alternative Financing for Enhanced Environmental Protection: The Intersection of Waste-to-Energy Technology and Solid Waste Flow Control Authority". W 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2343.
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When local governments evaluate the environmental benefits and costs of alternatives for managing non-recyclable municipal solid waste, the relative costs of modern waste-to-energy (WTE) technology can be a significant stumbling block despite WTE technology’s environmental benefits. Although the preceding point is an important economic reality that has constrained WTE development in the United States, fortunately there is a highly effective means — the use of municipal solid waste “flow control” (or “facility designation”) authority — to overcome WTE’s perceived cost disadvantage. The relationship between flow control and WTE development, including significant encouragement for use of flow control as a result of the U.S. Supreme Court’s recent decision in United Haulers Association v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority, 127 S.Ct. 1786 (2007), is the focus of this paper, which will address the following topics: Policy Basis for Flow Control — Absent government intervention, management of municipal solid waste will seek the lowest cost (i.e., short-term cost) and frequently less environmentally protective alternatives. Flow control can counter the tendency to choose alternatives with lower short-term costs and at the same time facilitate implementation of the environmentally-preferable waste management alternatives a local government selects, such as WTE technology and other aspects of “integrated waste management.” Flow Control and the Courts — While the authority of a given local government to use flow control is grounded in state law, flow control also implicates matters that arise under federal law, such as Commerce Clause issues, given the possibility that solid waste regulation in one state can affect commercial interests in solid waste management in another state. Although concerns regarding claims of impact on interstate commerce prompted a negative Supreme Court response to flow control in C&A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown, 511 U.S. 383 (1994), the Court’s decision 13 years later in the Oneida-Herkimer case was in many ways just the opposite. WTE’s Correlation with Flow Control and Practical Guideposts — WTE development can be significantly advanced by the use of flow control. That conclusion is borne out by empirical data. The concluding portion of this paper addresses that topic as well as corollary issues, such as public-private collaboration for WTE development and other practical guideposts for implementing flow control ordinances.
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Kurisu, K., A. Strelbisky i M. Strelbisky. "Decarbonization at Nucor Steel Seattle Inc. Using Tallman Supersonic Carbon Injectors". W AISTech 2022 Proceedings of the Iron and Steel Technology Conference. AIST, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/386/040.
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Mahanta, Nayandeep K., i Alexis R. Abramson. "Development of the Thermal Flash Method for Characterization of Carbon Nanofibers". W ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44380.
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The transient thermal flash technique, originally developed for testing low thermal diffusivity micro/nanofibers, was implemented for measuring the thermal conductivity of vapor-grown carbon nanofibers. The present technique uses a microfabricated strip of gold, which acts both as a heater and a temperature sensor. The modifications were validated against commercially available carbon fibers (Pyrograf® – I from Applied Sciences, Inc. and Mitsubishi K13D2U) and the results obtained were seen to match values previously reported in the literature. The carbon nanofibers reported in this article were also obtained from Applied Sciences, Inc. and are known as PR-25, belonging to the Pyrograf® – III family of nanofibers. The thermal conductivities calculated based on the experimentally determined values of diffusivity along with the specific heat capacity and density of graphite were around 1100 W/m-K and 1700 W/m-K, respectively for the nanofibers heat treated to 1100 °C and 3000 °C.
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Stone, D. H., Goutam Majumder i V. S. Bowaj. "Shattered Rim Wheel Defects and the Effect of Lateral Loads and Brake Heating on Their Growth". W ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33234.
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This report details studies conducted by Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI), a subsidiary of the Association of American Railroads (AAR), to determine the causes and behavior of shattered rim defects in wheels. Shattered rim defects are the result of large fatigue cracks that propagate roughly parallel to the wheel tread surface. They form and grow 1/2 to 3/4 inch (12–20 mm) below the tread surface. Once a shattered rim crack is formed it will grow under normal rolling loads. Therefore, the prevention of shattered rims is best accomplished by preventing crack initiation. Shattered rims tend to occur in either relatively new wheels or those that are near their condemning limit. Recent changes have been made to ultrasonic test requirements in AAR Specification M-107/208, “Wheels, Carbon Steel,” to reduce the acceptable size of discontinuities. This will help reduce the occurrence of some shattered rims, but will not prevent the formation of all of them. Ultrasonic testing of returned wheels would be effective in reducing the incidence of shattered rims in wheels with thinner rims.
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Kawabata, Masako, Osamu Kurata, Norihiko Iki, Chihiro Fushimi i Atsushi Tsutsumi. "Analysis of IGFC With Exergy Recuperation and Carbon Dioxide Separation Unit". W ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69999.
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Integrated Coal Gasification Fuel Cell Combined Cycle (IGFC) is expected to be the most efficient power generation system in coal fired power generation systems [1,2]. However, more energy efficient power generation system has to be developed to decrease CO2 emission in the middle and long term. Thus, the authors have proposed Advanced Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (A-IGCC) and Advanced IGFC (A-IGFC) systems, which utilize exhaust heat from solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and / or a gas turbine as a heat source of gasification (exergy recuperation) [3]. Previously A-IGCC [4] and A-IGFC [5] without CO2 capture option were analyzed with the process simulator HYSYS®.Plant (Aspen technology Inc.) to calculate thermal efficiencies of the proposed systems. Then IGCC and A-IGCC with CO2 capture option [6, 7] were analyzed with Amine process simulator AMSIM(DBR), a module in PRO/II® (Invensys Process Systems Japan, Inc) combined with HYSYS®.Plant model. It shows in the results of thermal efficiency with CO2 capture option that the penalty of A-IGCC case is larger than that of IGCC case, indicating somewhat scope for increase of exergy recuperation in A-IGCC case [6]. This study deals in the analyses of A-IGFC with CO2 separation unit.
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Yisa, F. O., B. D. Saikia i D. N. Rao. "Advanced Characterization and Gas Enhanced Oil Recovery in Tuscaloosa Marine Shale". W SPE Canadian Energy Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/218040-ms.
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Abstract This work experimentally determines the viability of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) by gas injection in core samples from Tuscaloosa Marine Shale (TMS) while investigating the effects of gas type, rock dimension, EOR modes and rock brittleness on the EOR performance. TMS is a promising play in Louisiana with estimated reserves of 7 billion barrels of oil. Experimental studies on EOR performance in several shale plays exist but none have been performed to study its viability in TMS. An Eagle Ford sample with dimensions 1.0-inch diameter by 1.0-inch length, TMS cores with dimensions 1.0-inch diameter by 1.0-inch length, 1.0-inch diameter by 2.0-inchlength, and 1.5-inch diameter by 3.0-inch length from 5 wells were used for this study. The cores were cleaned prior to vacuuming and saturation with TMS oil. The coreflood experiments were run at a pressure of 2000 psi and temperature of 70°F. Nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were used as injectants for the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) experiments. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the mineralogical content of the TMS core plugs. XRD tests show the fractured cores contain carbonates (5% to 50%) including quartz which makes the rock brittle and more favorable to complex fractures desirable for maximizing recovery in shales, while carbonates are absent in the unfractured cores. Samples E have fractures with higher wt% of quartz and carbonate but lower wt% of clay compared to samples B, C and L. The study shows gas EOR is promising in TMS with CO2 EOR recovery within 22% - 26% compared to N2 EOR recovery within 18% - 19.76%. Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) continuous mode showed higher recovery than GAGD Huff-n-Puff. The ratio of quartz/carbonates to clay in B and C (1.22 - 2.51: 1) was lower compared to the ratio in E (6:1) which explains why B1, B2 and C2 (1.0-in diameter by 2.0-incu length) did not disintegrate prematurely during the experiments compared to E1 with equal dimension. The samples with larger pore volumes, like EL1 (1.5-in diameter by 3.0-in length) displayed more structural integrity than E1(1-in diameter by 2-in length) which disintegrated during its 2nd experiment. This study shows the potential of gas EOR in TMS shale which is insightful as CO2 sequestration has now become increasingly important. It identifies sweet spots for further exploitation and demonstrates the importance of mineralogical content in geomechanical properties in successfully planning EOR experiments. This extends to field applications of EOR. Furthermore, it reveals important findings regarding optimum saturation periods for shale cores in EOR experiments.
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Guseva, M. B., V. M. Babina, M. Boustie, Vladimir E. Fortov, J. P. Romain, A. Z. Zhuk, V. G. Babaev i V. V. Khvostov. "Synthesis of carbyne from amorphous line-chain carbon and pyrographite". W Lasers in Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing of Diamond, redaktorzy Vitali I. Konov i Victor G. Ralchenko. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.328213.
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Wilson, Siobhan, Maria L. Arizaleta, Bree Morgan, Chad A. Burton, Nina Zeyen, Maija J. Raudsepp, Ian M. Power i Timothy Williams. "SMECTITE–CARBONATE–MICROBE INTERACTIONS IN THE CARBON CYCLE". W GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-383974.
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Salo, K., A. Horvath i J. Patel. "Pressurized Gasification of Biomass". W ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-349.
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Biomass is a fuel of increasing interest in power generation since it is clean and renewable. Besides conventional power generating systems biomass fuel will be utilized in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power plants in the near future. Carbona Inc. (the successor to Enviropower Inc.) is commercializing a biomass fueled IGCC system. This system is based on a simplified IGCC process which applies the gasification technology originally developed by the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) and further developed by Enviropower before licensing the technology to Carbona and an advanced hot gas clean-up system. An extensive pilot test program has been carried out by Enviropower/Carbona covering all aspects of a biomass based gasification process. More than 5000 tons of different biomass feedstocks have been gasified at the pilot plant in Tampere, Finland. The pilot plant converts 15 MW (51 MMBtu/h) thermal input of fuel to product gas. Several biomass qualities/mixtures have been used during the test runs including hard wood, soft wood with and without branches, needles and bark. Short rotation biomass like willow and alfalfa have also been tested. This paper concentrates on the results and differences in gasification of different biomass materials with special emphasis on the suitability of product gas for gas turbines, the fate of ammonia, vapor phase alkali metals and air toxics. The development of demonstration projects is also discussed in this paper.
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Planavsky, Noah J., Edward W. Bolton i Christopher T. Reinhard. "ORGANIC AND CARBONATE CARBON BURIAL THROUGH EARTH’S HISTORY". W GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-285286.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "Carbone Inc"
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Martin, Daniel. HPC4Mfg with Carbon Inc. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), kwiecień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1608346.
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Wright, R. B., i T. C. Murphy. Characterization of carbon-based electrochemical capacitor technology from Maxwell Energy Products, Inc. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), kwiecień 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/666284.
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Schwinger, Jörg. Report on modifications of ocean carbon cycle feedbacks under ocean alkalinization. OceanNETs, czerwiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d4.2.
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Ocean Alkalinization deliberately modifies the chemistry of the surface ocean to enhance the uptake of atmospheric CO2. Here we quantify, using idealized Earth system model (ESM) simulations, changes in carbon cycle feedbacks and in the seasonal cycle of the surface ocean carbonate system due to ocean alkalinization. We find that both, carbon-concentration and carbon climate feedback, are enhanced due to the increased sensitivity of the carbonate system to changes in atmospheric CO2 and changes in temperature. While the temperature effect, which decreases ocean carbon uptake, remains small in our model, the carbon concentration feedback enhances the uptake of carbon due to alkalinization by more than 20%. The seasonal cycle of air-sea CO2 fluxes is strongly enhanced due to an increased buffer capacity in an alkalinized ocean. This is independent of the seasonal cycle of pCO2, which is only slightly enhanced. The most significant change in the seasonality of the surface ocean carbonate system is an increased seasonal cycle of the aragonite saturation state, which has the potential to adversely affect ecosystem health.
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Siriwardane, Ranjani, i Schenck Wiley. Abstract - Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between Birla Carbon USA, Inc. and National Energy Technology Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maj 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1510463.
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Siriwardane, Ranjani, i Schenck Wiley. Abstract – Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between National Energy Technology Laboratory and Birla Carbon U.S.A., Inc. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1648297.
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Siriwardane, Ranjani. Final Report – Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between National Energy Technology Laboratory and Birla Carbon U.S.A., Inc. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), listopad 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1843234.
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Moll, A. J., E. E. Haller, J. W. III Ager, K. M. Yu i W. Walukiewicz. The effects of amorphous layer regrowth on carbon activation in GaAs and InP. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), listopad 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10120314.
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Shannon. L51584 Effect of Water Chemistry on Internal Corrosion Rates in Offshore Pipelines.pdf. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), marzec 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010643.
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This work is an extension of a program reported in 1984 to establish factors which control corrosion of API line pipe in gas containing carbon dioxide and water. In this phase of the program, there were four objectives. One was to establish the temperature of maximum corrosion in the range of 75�, 100� and 175�F at 1000 psi in water saturated with carbon dioxide at partial pressures of 15 and 50 psia. The next was to explore the role of carbon content and microstructure in the steel, iron carbonate film formation, and resulting corrosion rates. The third was to examine the role of pre-existing mill scale and corrosion films on accelerating pitting attack. The final objective was to extend a spread sheet computer model to calculate corrosion rates from field data. Tests were run in a refreshed, recirculating autoclave at a total pressure of 1000 psi in water saturated with CO2 at partial pressures of 15 and 50 psia, and containing bicarbonate ion to adjust the pH either to 5 or 6. Six materials were tested: ASTM-A53B, two lots of API5LX-X52 and three lots of API5LX-X60. Samples were pulled at intervals for weight loss corrosion and to examine the surface films by electron microscope and metallography. After plotting the weight loss results, corrosion rates in mils per year (MPY) were calculated. The microstructure of the metal, the corrosion films of iron carbonate, and the weight loss results were then examined. The corrosion data were incorporated into a spread sheet computer model for users to calculate their own pipe line corrosion rates.
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Shaffer, C. Harnessing Carbon: A Review of Current Technologies for Transform-ing Methane into Value-added Products. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzec 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2325266.
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Larmagnat, S., i D. Lavoie. Regional and global correlations of the Devonian stratigraphic succession in the Hudson Bay and Moose River basins from onshore Manitoba and Ontario to offshore Hudson Bay. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326091.
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The Devonian successions in northeastern Manitoba and northern Ontario are integrated in a single stratigraphic framework. To the north, in the offshore Hudson Bay Basin, stratigraphic nomenclaturesare unified and correlated with the successions to the south. The carbon stable-isotope (d13CVPDB) trends for Devonian carbonate rocks are used for regional correlations and are compared with global Devonian isotope trends. Local and global d13CVPDB trends are used to evaluate the position of the Silurian-Devonian boundary in the Hudson Bay Platform. The Devonian succession of the Hudson Bay Platform belongs to the Kaskaskia Sequence and compares with similar carbonate-evaporite successions of the adjacent Williston and Michigan basins. In these basins, two episodes of roughly coeval reef development are present (Emsian-Eifelian and Givetian), with corals and stromatoporoids as main framework constituents. The Hudson Bay Platform reefs and dolomitized facies exhibit significant porosity and have the potential to form hydrocarbon reservoirs, with intervals bearing direct and petrophysical evidence of hydrocarbon charge.