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Sorrentino, Eugenia Polizzi Di. "Conflict management in capuchin monkeys". Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521732.
Pełny tekst źródłaFernandez, Danny. "Affective Responses to Inequity in Capuchin Monkeys". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_hontheses/12.
Pełny tekst źródłaFredman, Tamar. "Social learning in mother-reared and "enculturated" capuchin monkeys". Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/681.
Pełny tekst źródłaTao, Ruoting. "Understanding object-directed intentionality in Capuchin monkeys and humans". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9304.
Pełny tekst źródłaTiddi, Barbara. "Behavioural Interchanges among Wild Tufted Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus apella nigritus)". Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515409.
Pełny tekst źródłaBabitz, Mindy Ann. "The effects of experience on tool use by Capuchin monkeys". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15101.
Pełny tekst źródłaFeng, Xuan. "Evaluation of Capuchin Application Programming Interface : Implementing a Mobile TV Client". Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-91497.
Pełny tekst źródłaSyftet med denna forskning var att utvärdera Capuchin API lanserades av Sony Ericsson i Lund, Sverige 2008. Den Capuchin API broar Adobe Flash grafik och effekter med JSR stöd från Java ME. Vi utvärderade Capuchin API med avseende på dess lämplighet för ett mobil-tv ansökan. Vi testade detta API i Ericssons TV lab där vi hade tillgång till TV-strömmar och online multimediaresurser genom en mobil-TV-klient. Detta test ansökan hette "Min TV", på engelska: "My TV". Använda Capuchin i Ericsson TV lab miljö har visat att det har vissa fördelar, men också många nackdelar. Flash-utvecklare kan användas för att skapa en animerad användargränssnitt och Java utvecklare kan göra komplexa programmering. På detta tidiga stadium Capuchin tekniken inte mogen, det är inte heller lämpliga för mobil-TV-klient utveckling. Först efter Sony Ericsson lägger till detaljer såsom mjuka nycklar, enklare felsökning av Flash Lite fristående program, testa emulator stöd i Software Development Kit, och mer data kommunikationsmetoder än string och antal, först då kommer det att vara en lämplig teknik för mobil-TV-program . Ericssons nuvarande mobil-tv ansökan klient byggdes med hjälp av en ram som kallas ECAF, som stöder en grafiska gränssnittet och Java ME som backend. Vi jämförde ECAF och min TV med avseende på parametrar såsom flexibilitet, prestanda, minne fotavtryck kod storlek och kostnaden för avhudning. (Alla dessa parametrar förklaras i detalj i den metod kapitel.) Som en möjlig framtida teknik för mobil-TV Vi utvärderade ett antal olika presentation / grafik teknik inklusive HECL, SVG Tiny, MIDP 3.0,. NET Compact Framework, etc. Dessutom har vi examed om en ren Flash Lite klientprogrammet är en hållbar lösning för mobil-TV. Jämförelsen mellan olika presentation teknik visade att Java ME är en övergripande plattform för mobila utvecklingen erbjuder allt nödvändigt stöd från tredje part grafiskt användargränssnitt beslutsfattare. . NET CF också ser ut som ett bra alternativ för utvecklingen med ned kapacitet för olika programspråk som stöds med hjälp av CLR.
Dindo, Marietta. "Social learning and behaviour transmission in brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)". Thesis, St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/840.
Pełny tekst źródłaJanson, Charles Helmar. "Ecological and social consequences of food competition in brown capuchin monkeys /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5173.
Pełny tekst źródłaBezanson, Michelle. "Ontogenetic Patterns of Positional Behavior in Cebus Capucinus and Alouatta Palliata". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194475.
Pełny tekst źródłaMoura, Antonio Christian de Andrade. "The capuchin monkey and the Caatinga dry forest : a hard life in a harsh habitat". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251951.
Pełny tekst źródłaDutton, Paul. "Does forage enrichment promote increased activity in captive capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)?" Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/779.
Pełny tekst źródłaCeballos, Mago Natalia. "The Margarita capuchin Cebus apella margaritae : a critically endangered monkey in a fragmented habitat on Isla de Margarita, Venezuela". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608926.
Pełny tekst źródłaCarvalho, Maria Goretti Cavalcante de. "A missão do Maranhão (1894-1922): acontecimento, particularidades e enredamento nos arquivos capuchinhos". Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7025.
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UEMA – Universidade Estadual do Maranhão
A tese refere-se ao acontecimento da Missão do Maranhão (1894-1922), sua particularidade e um enredamento, no qual há o apostolado de missionários capuchinhos lombardos que empreenderam duas frentes de missão: indígena e popular, no território maranhense, com relevância à ingerência particular de um missionário sobre tal inauguração. A pesquisa desenhou-se pela construção deste acontecimento, nos documentos produzidos pela Ordem dos Frades Menores Capuchinhos – OFMCap, com destaque no contexto das missões capuchinhas no Norte brasileiro. Na particularidade da referida Missão, além dos fundamentos, há o compromisso assumido pela OFMCap, em atender a uma convocação feita pela Santa Sé, que, por sua vez, deveria atender ao convite do Governo brasileiro, para o envio de missionários que desenvolvessem a catequese indígena no Amazonas logo que inaugurada a República. No enredamento da Missão, há o interesse da Província capuchinha de Milão em assumir uma missão no Norte do Brasil, no sentido de reativar os seus conventos; há mediações diplomáticas frustradas nas relações entre a Ordem dos Frades Menores Capuchinhos (Itália), a Província capuchinha de Milão e a Prefeitura Apostólica de Pernambuco, em virtude do desencontro de suas aspirações missionárias para uma missão indígena; e há mobilização particular de Fr. Carlos de San Martino Olearo, por autonomia e liberdade de ação dos missionários, cuja repercussão alterou os destinos dessa empresa. Discursos foram analisados: os produzidos pela Igreja Católica Romana; pela OFMCap; pela Província capuchinha de Milão; pelos missionários capuchinhos; e pelo Estado brasileiro, nas condições de produção de fontes primárias inéditas, encontradas nos arquivos capuchinhos: do Convento de Nossa Senhora do Carmo, em São Luís - MA; da Casa Geral das Irmãs Missionárias Capuchinhas, em Fortaleza - CE; dos Capuchinhos Lombardos, em Milão; e do Geral da Ordem dos Frades Menores, em Roma. Busca-se dizer que, embora a historiografia existente ressalte apenas um desastre ocorrido na Missão, em 1901, denominado Massacre de Alto Alegre, há muitas possibilidades de convocação de outros sentidos nestas fontes primárias acerca desta empresa missionária e os seus desdobramentos. Desta forma, a pesquisa buscou entender os mecanismos de mobilização dos capuchinhos no sentido de desempenharem suas ações missionárias nesta perspectiva autônoma e livre no território maranhense; no enfrentamento das dificuldades encontradas e geradas; e na implantação da OFMCap no Sertão maranhense, através da criação da Prelazia de Grajaú - MA. Além disso, buscou-se igualmente pensar a Missão do Maranhão com outras referências como acontecimento sob um novo olhar, e por assim dizer, uma novidade que emergiu da particularidade e do enredamento.
This thesis refers to the event of the Mission of Maranhão (1894-1922), its particularity and entanglement. The mission was undertaking by the Apostolate of the Lombardy capuchin missionaries. The missionaries endeavoured two mission fronts in the Maranhão territory: indigenous and popular. This work presents the relevance of a particular interference of a missionary about such mission. The research was based on the construction of this event using documents produced by The Order of Friars Minor Capuchin – OFMCap, highlighting the context of the Capuchin Missions in the North of Brazil. In the particularity of this mission, besides foundations, there was an OFMCap commitment to attend a Holy See convocation as long as the Holy See was attending to a Brazilian Government invitation of sending missionaries to develop indigenous catechesis in the Amazonas state, as soon as the Republic was inaugurated. In the entanglement of the Mission there was an interest of the Capuchin Province of Milan to undertake a mission in the North of Brazil, on purpose to reactivate their convents; because of the lack of preparation of the Italian missionaries for an indigenous mission, there were frustrated diplomatic mediations in the relations among the Capuchin Order of Friars Minor (Italy), the Capuchin Province of Milan and the Apostolic Prefecture of Pernambuco; and there was private mobilization of Fr. Carlos de San Martino Olearo for missionaries’s autonomy and freedom of action. The repercussion of his mobilization changed the destiny of this missionary company. Discourses that were analyzed: those produced by the Roman Catholic Church; by OFMCap; by the Capuchin Province of Milan; by the Capuchin missionaries; and by the Brazilian State. The discourses analyzed were unpublished primary sources, found in the Capuchin archives: the Convent of Our Lady of Carmo, in São Luís - MA; of the General House of the Capuchin Missionary Sisters, in Fortaleza - CE; of the Lombardy Capuchins, in Milan; and the General of the Order of Friars Minor, in Rome. This thesis shows that, although the existing historiography only highlights the Massacre of Alto Alegre that occurred in the Mission in 1901, there are many other possibilities in these primary sources for what occurred in this missionary enterprise and its deployment. In this way, the research aimed to understand the mobilization mechanisms of the Capuchins for: carrying out their missionary actions in this autonomous and free perspective, in the Maranhão territory; facing the difficulties encountered and generated; and the implantation of OFMCap in the hinterlands of the Maranhão state by the creation of the Prelacy of Grajaú - MA. It was also aimed to think about the Mission of Maranhão with other references, as an event, under a new look, a novelty that emerged from the particularity and the entanglem ent.
Parrish, Audrey E. "The Investigation of Prosocial Behavior in a Tool Task by Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus Apella)". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/86.
Pełny tekst źródłaCanale, Gustavo Rodrigues. "Ecology and conservation of the yellow-breasted capuchin monkey in the northern Atlantic forest". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609081.
Pełny tekst źródłaPalumbo, Milena. "A comparative analysis of global-local processing in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus Apella) and humans". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/42816.
Pełny tekst źródłaSilva, Carolina Pereira Cad?rio da. "Behavioural profiles of captive capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.): analyses at group and individual levels". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20799.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
O uso de indicadores comportamentais de sofrimento e bem-estar de animais em cativeiro tem produzido resultados amb?guos. Em compara??es entre grupos, aqueles em piores condi??es tendem a apresentar um aumento generalizado em todas as taxas de Comportamentos Potencialmente Indicativos de Estresse (BPIS), mas em compara??es dentro de grupos, os indiv?duos diferem nas suas estrat?gias de enfrentamento ao estresse. Esta disserta??o apresenta an?lises para revelar o perfil comportamental de uma amostral de 26 macacos prego em cativeiro, de tr?s esp?cies diferentes (Sapajus libidinosus, S. flavius e S. xanthosternos), mantidos em diferentes tipos de recinto. No total foram coletadas 147,17 horas de registros comportamentais. Explor?mos quatro tipos de an?lises: Or?amento de Atividades, ?ndices de Diversidade, cadeia de Markov e an?lise de Sequ?ncia, e An?lise de Rede Social, resultando em nove ?ndices de ocorr?ncia e de organiza??o comportamental. No cap?tulo Um exploramos diferen?as entre grupos. Os resultados apoiam as predi??es de que existem diferen?as m?nimas entre sexo e esp?cie e s?o observadas diferen?as maiores no perfil comportamental devido ao tipo de recinto: i. indiv?duos em recintos com menos enriquecimento ambiental apresentaram um repert?rio de BPIS mais diverso e uma menor probabilidade de sequ?ncias de seis passos de Comportamentos Normativos de G?nero (GNB); ii. o n?mero de transi??es comportamentais que inclu?am pelo menos um BPIS foi superior em recintos menos enriquecidos; iii. ?ndices de proemin?ncia de BPIS indicam que estes funcionam como pontos fim de sequ?ncias comportamentais, e que a proemin?ncia de tr?s BPIS (locomo??o aberrante, auto-direccionadas e activas I) foram maiores em recintos menores. No geral, estes dados n?o corroboram a ideia de que os BPIS t?m um padr?o repetitivo, com um efeito relaxante, tipo ?mantra?. Pelo contr?rio, a imagem que surge ? de que os BPIS s?o atividades que interrompem a organiza??o dos comportamentos, introduzindo ?ruido? que compromete o or?amento de atividades ?timo. No cap?tulo Dois exploramos diferen?as individuais em seis eixos de comportamento explorat?rio. Estes mostraram-se pouco correlacionados, o que indicam baixa correla??o entre indicadores comportamentais de s?ndromes. No entanto, os resultados sugerem duas estrat?gias de enfrentamento ao estresse abrangentes, semelhantes ao padr?o audaz/proactivo e t?mido/reativo: macacos prego mais explorat?rios apresentaram maior proemin?ncia em locomo??o aberrante, exibi??o sexual aberrante e ativas I, enquanto que animais menos ativos apresentaram uma maior probabilidade de sequencias com pelo menos um BPIS, e maior proemin?ncia em estereotipia-pr?pria. Macacos prego s?o conhecidos pelas suas capacidades cognitivas e flexibilidade comportamental, portanto, a procura de um conjunto de indicadores comportamentais de bem-estar consistente requer mais estudos e conjuntos de dados mais amplos. Com este trabalho, pretendemos contribuir para a cria??o de protocolos, com embasamento cient?fico e estatisticamente corretos, para amostragem de dados comportamentais que permitam a comparabilidade de resultados e meta-an?lises, de qualquer que seja a interpreta??o te?rica que possa receber.
The use of behavioural indicators of suffering and welfare in captive animals has produced ambiguous results. In comparisons between groups, those in worse condition tend to exhibit increased overall rate of Behaviours Potentially Indicative of Stress (BPIS), but when comparing within groups, individuals differ in their stress coping strategies. This dissertation presents analyses to unravel the Behavioural Profile of a sample of 26 captive capuchin monkeys, of three different species (Sapajus libidinosus, S. flavius and S. xanthosternos), kept in different enclosure types. In total, 147,17 hours of data were collected. We explored four type of analysis: Activity Budgets, Diversity indexes, Markov chains and Sequence analyses, and Social Network Analyses, resulting in nine indexes of behavioural occurrence and organization. In chapter One we explore group differences. Results support predictions of minor sex and species differences and major differences in behavioural profile due to enclosure type: i. individuals in less enriched enclosures exhibited a more diverse BPIS repertoire and a decreased probability of a sequence with six Genus Normative Behaviour; ii. number of most probable behavioural transitions including at least one BPIS was higher in less enriched enclosures; iii. proeminence indexes indicate that BPIS function as dead ends of behavioural sequences, and proeminence of three BPIS (pacing, self-direct, active I) were higher in less enriched enclosures. Overall, these data are not supportive of BPIS as a repetitive pattern, with a mantra-like calming effect. Rather, the picture that emerges is more supportive of BPIS as activities that disrupt organization of behaviours, introducing ?noise? that compromises optimal activity budget. In chapter Two we explored individual differences in stress coping strategies. We classified individuals along six axes of exploratory behaviour. These were only weakly correlated indicating low correlation among behavioural indicators of syndromes. Nevertheless, the results are suggestive of two broad stress coping strategies, similar to the bold/proactive and shy/reactive pattern: more exploratory capuchin monkeys exhibited increased values of proeminence in Pacing, aberrant sexual display and Active 1 BPIS, while less active animals exhibited increased probability in significant sequences involving at least one BPIS, and increased prominence in own stereotypy. Capuchin monkeys are known for their cognitive capacities and behavioural flexibility, therefore, the search for a consistent set of behavioural indictors of welfare and individual differences requires further studies and larger data sets. With this work we aim contributing to design scientifically grounded and statistically correct protocols for collection of behavioural data that permits comparability of results and meta-analyses, from whatever theoretical perspective interpretation it may receive.
Morton, F. Blake. "Individual differences in learning, personality, and social success in brown capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.)". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21886.
Pełny tekst źródłaLANDAU, VIRGINIA ILENE. "THE ADAPTATION OF NEW WORLD MONKEYS TO NEW ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATIONS: FOOD ACQUISITION AND FOOD PROCESSING BEHAVIORS". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184076.
Pełny tekst źródłaBotting, Jennifer Lynette. "An investigation of biases in social learning and social attention in wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops pygerythrus) and captive tufted capuchins (Sapajus apella)". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12260.
Pełny tekst źródłaRocha, K?tia Simone de Ara?jo N?brega. "Grating stimuli do bias our concepts on cortical gamma synchronization: a study in capuchin monkey V1". PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM NEUROCI?NCIAS, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24605.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Cortical gamma oscillations (30 - 90 Hz) have been implicated in various cognitive processes, such as perceptual binding and attention. So far, most evidence in support of this hypothesis is based on studies that used artificial and simplified stimuli, such as moving gratings and bars. Recently, experimental work using natural images led to conflicting conclusions. In a paradigm that required human subjects to maintain fixation, electrocorticogram signals (ECoG) showed gamma for grating stimuli but not for static images or pink noise (Hermes et al., 2015). On the contrary, analysis of ECoG in the early visual cortex of macaque monkeys revealed strong gamma components for free viewing of natural scenes (Brunet et al., 2015). Here, we aim to clarify these discrepancies using a paradigm that allowed direct comparisons between fixation vs. free viewing conditions, for both simplified stimuli (moving and static gratings) and natural scenes (static and moving images). Recordings of spiking activity and local field potentials (LFPs) were obtained from the central and the peripheral representations of V1. Our results show that in capuchins (N= 3 monkeys), as previously described in macaques and humans, gamma is characteristically strong when stimulus parameters, such as size, orientation, and speed are set at to optimal values. Comparisons between fixation vs. free viewing conditions and gratings vs. natural stimuli revealed that gamma is always high for optimal grating stimuli, regardless of viewing condition (N= 93 recording sites, 2 monkeys). However, gamma is surprisingly absent during free viewing of natural images and movies. Similar negative findings were also obtained when the monkeys were exposed to real-world scenes, such as objects and other animals in the laboratory. The present results suggest that strong, narrow-band, gamma responses in V1 are primarily associated with the selective activation of cell populations sharing similar response properties. Therefore, gamma may be seen as a resonance phenomenon of the underlying cortical connectivity. Overall, our results belittle the importance of gamma as a critical cortical mechanism for vision.
As oscila??es corticais gama (30 - 90 Hz) t?m sido implicadas em processos cognitivos como a liga??o perceptual e a aten??o. At? agora, a maioria das evid?ncias que servem de suporte para esta hip?tese ? baseada em e s t u d o s a p a r t i r do uso de e s t ? m u l o s s i m p l e s e artificiais, como grades e barras luminosas. Recentemente, no entanto, estudos experimentais utilizando imagens naturais levaram a conclus?es conflitantes. Em um paradigma em humanos que requeria fixa??o mantida, sinais eletrocorticogr?ficos (ECoG) mostraram gama para grades, mas n?o p a r a imagens e s t ? t i c a s ou r u ? d o r o s a (Hermes e t a l . , 2 0 1 5 ) . Contrariamente, a an?lise dos sinais ECoG no c?rtex visual de macacosreso revelou fortes componentes gama para a livre observa??o de cenas naturais (Brunet et al., 2015). Neste estudo, temos por objetivo esclarecer essas discrep?ncias utilizando-se de um paradigma que permitiu compara??es diretas entre uma condi??o de fixa??o vs. uma condi??o de observa??o livre, tanto para est?mulos simplificados (grades m?veis e e s t ? t i c a s ) q u a n t o p a r a c e n a s n a t u r a i s ( i m a g e n s e s t ? t i c a s e em movimento). Registros de potenciais de a??o e de potenciais de campo locais (LFPs) foram obtidos para a representa??o central e perif?rica de V1. Nossos resultados demonstram que em macacos-capuchinhos (N = 3), como descrito anteriormente para macacos-reso e humanos, a gama ? caracteristicamente forte, sempre que os par?metros do est?mulo, como tamanho, orienta??o e velocidade, s?o definidos para a ativa??o ?tima das c?lulas. Compara??es entre condi??es de fixa??o e de livre observa??o e grades vs. est?mulos naturais revelaram que a gama ? sempre forte para grades de orienta??o ?tima, independentemente da condi??o de visualiza??o (N = 93 s?tios de registro, 2 macacos). No entanto, a gama est? surpreendentemente ausente durante a livre visualiza??o de imagens e filmes naturais. Achados negativos semelhantes tamb?m foram obtidos quando os macacos foram expostos a cenas do mundo real, como objetos e outros animais no laborat?rio. Os presentes resultados sugerem que, no c?rtex visual prim?rio, a atividade gama ? principalmente associada ? ativa??o seletiva de popula??es neuronais que compartilham propriedades de resposta similares. Portanto, a gama pode ser vista como um fen?meno de resson?ncia da conectividade cortical subjacente. Em geral, nossos resultados minimizam a import?ncia da gama como um mecanismo cortical chave para a vis?o.
Barbosa, Yazmid Adriana Carrillo. "Homeopatia em plantas de morango (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) e capuchinha (Tropaeolum majus L.)". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2013. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4591.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe homeopathic system is applied in humans, animals, plants, soils and waters. Homeopathic science is based on four fundamental principles: similarity, experimentation, single substance and minimum dose. Homeopathy acts directly on the vitality of organisms, encouraging their self-regulation. The results in plants are positive for resistance to pests and diseases, tolerance to inappropriate conditions, flowering, dormancy of seeds, production of healthy seedlings, as well as management of soil and water. The objective of this study was to evaluate seedling response and roots growth of of Fragaria x ananassa and Tropaeolum majus plants after application of high-dilutions (homeopathic preparations) in two growth systems. The first simulating hydroponic system and second in a greenhouse, conducting experiments at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG. The treatments were high-dilutions of Nutritive Solution, Pulsatilla and Arnica montana. The variables evaluated were electrical conductivity (E.C.) of the nutritive solution, and rooting. There was limited influence of high-dilutions in the E.C., and in interaction with the evaluation time. Pulsatilla homeopathic treatment had no effect on the electrical conductivity neither on rooting. Arnica montana homeopathic treatment caused patterns of imbalance (pathogenesis) in rooting of F. ananassa and stimulated roots growth in T. majus.
O sistema homeopático é aplicado aos seres humanos, aos animais, vegetais, solos e nas águas. A ciência homeopática está baseada em quatro princípios fundamentais: semelhança, experimentação em ser sadio, substancia única e dose mínima. A homeopatia atua diretamente na força vital dos organismos, promovendo a autoregulação. Os resultados em plantas são positivos, quanto a resistência a pragas e doenças, tolerância a condições impróprias, florescimento, quebra de dormência de sementes, produção de mudas sadias. São positivos também no manejo do solo e da água. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o enraizamento e a resposta de mudas de plantas de Fragaria x ananassa e Tropaeolum majus após tratamento com ultradiluições (preparados homeopáticos), em dois sistemas de crescimento. O primeiro simulando sistema hidropônico e o segundo em casa de vegetação, em experimentos conduzidos em dependências da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG. Os tratamentos foram: ultra diluições de Solução Nutritiva, de Pulsatilla e de Arnica montana. As variáveis avaliadas foram: condutividade elétrica (C.E.) da solução nutritiva, e variáveis de enraizamento. Houve influencia limitada das ultradiluições na C.E, e em interação com o tempo de avaliação. O tratamento homeopático com Pulsatilla não mostrou efeito na condutividade elétrica nem nas variáveis de enraizamento. O tratamento homeopático de Arnica montana provocou sinais de patogenesia nas variáveis de enraizamento em F. ananassa e estimulou a produção de raízes em T. majus.
O'Sullivan, Eóin P. "A comparative approach to social learning from the bottom up". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22956.
Pełny tekst źródłaProctor, Darby. "Gambling and Decision-Making Among Primates: The Primate Gambling Task". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/108.
Pełny tekst źródłaJosé, Vanessa Alexandra Correia. "Bases para o plano diretor de restauro da cerca do Convento dos Capuchos, Sintra". Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5741.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe cultural landscape of Sintra is unparalleled in the whole world, and so it is because it has places with no equal. Most of them stands out by their greatness, but among the dense forest hides in extreme poverty, the mark of a very specific philosophy. The Capuchin Convent of Sintra, named by eighteenth century foreign, the Cork Convent, is all lined in this material, is a structure erected in perfect communion with nature, making walls from the rocks and floor of the floor mountain. There is no equal at another place. The objective of this work is to create a Restoration Plan for this fence that guard an important cultural and natural heritage, revealing the human component here left by the Order of Friars Minor. Exacerbating the importance of a correct restoration of the historic garden, it was taken a methodology based on international conventions for the conservation of sites with cultural significance. Assured the cultural significance of the property, it is necessary to place the monument in time and social space. Referring to the functions and ways of life that unfolded here, it is proposing activities that keep the religious symbolism of hoods and safeguard local biodiversity
Johnston, Patricia Raeann. "The church on Armenian Street: Capuchin friars, the British East India Company, and the Second Church of Colonial Madras". Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1650.
Pełny tekst źródłaDrenas, Andrew J. G. "'The Standard-bearer of the Roman Church' : Lorenzo da Brindisi (1559-1619) and Capuchin Missions in the Holy Roman Empire". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:74703f2b-5da1-4a5c-bc77-923f006781f3.
Pełny tekst źródłaMcKinney, Tracie. "Social and Ecological Impact of Anthropogenic Disturbance on the Sympatric White-faced Capuchin (Cebus capucinus) and Mantled Howler Monkey (Alouatta palliata)". The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1267816356.
Pełny tekst źródłaEadie, Elizabeth Christine. "Ontogeny of Foraging Competence in Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus capucinus) for Easy versus Difficult to Acquire Fruits: A Test of the Needing to Learn Hypothesis". Public Library of Science, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621334.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhich factors select for long juvenile periods in some species is not well understood. One potential reason to delay the onset of reproduction is slow food acquisition rates, either due to competition (part of the ecological risk avoidance hypothesis), or due to a decreased foraging efficiency (a version of the needing to learn hypothesis). Capuchins provide a useful genus to test the needing to learn hypothesis because they are known for having long juvenile periods and a difficult-to-acquire diet. Generalized, linear, mixed models with data from 609 fruit forage focal follows on 49, habituated, wild Cebus capucinus were used to test two predictions from the needing-to-learn hypothesis as it applies to fruit foraging skills: 1) capuchin monkeys do not achieve adult foraging return rates for difficult-to-acquire fruits before late in the juvenile period; and 2) variance in return rates for these fruits is at least partially associated with differences in foraging skill. In support of the first prediction, adults, compared with all younger age classes, had significantly higher foraging return rates when foraging for fruits that were ranked as difficult-to-acquire (return rates relative to adults: 0.30– 0.41, p-value range 0.008–0.016), indicating that the individuals in the group who have the most foraging experience also achieve the highest return rates. In contrast, and in support of the second prediction, there were no significant differences between age classes for fruits that were ranked as easy to acquire (return rates relative to adults: 0.97–1.42, p-value range 0.086–0.896), indicating that strength and/or skill are likely to affect return rates. In addition, fruits that were difficult to acquire were foraged at nearly identical rates by adult males and significantly smaller (and presumably weaker) adult females (males relative to females: 1.01, p = 0.978), while subadult females had much lower foraging efficiency than the similarly-sized but more experienced adult females (subadults relative to adults: 0.34, p = 0.052), indicating that skill, specifically, is likely to have an effect on return rates. These results are consistent with the needing to learn hypothesis and indicate that long juvenile periods in capuchins may be the result of selection for more time to learn foraging skills for difficult-to-acquire fruits.
Fogaça, Mariana Dutra. "Escolha de árvore e sítio de dormir e sua influência na rota diária de um grupo de cebus nigritus, no parque estadual Carlos Botelho, SP". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-30112009-144109/.
Pełny tekst źródłaGroup members of diurnal primates meet at the end of the day in a suitable area to spend the night. This location is called sleeping site and may consist of one or more trees. Ultimate hypotheses have been suggested to explain primate preferences for sleeping trees and sleeping sites. The risk of predation has been identified as one of the main selective pressures that affect the choice of sleeping trees and sleeping sites. The strategy of sleeping tree and sleeping site selection, by a single group of primates, may differ. Thus, the sleeping site can be located close to food sources, facilitating the foraging in the morning and the trees used on this site can guarantee comfort and safety, due to viscosity and presence of horizontal large branches. Studying a group of tufted capuchin monkeys, at Carlos Botelho State Park, SP, we found evidence of selection of sleeping trees and sleeping sites features. The most commonly used species of trees as sleeping trees were Copaifera langsdorfii and Attalea dubia, the second was related to nights with low environment and wind temperatures. There is also a preference for high trees with large DBH, and for sites located at 820 and 840 metres, on hillsides and hilltops. Although we have found evidence of selectivity for sleeping trees and sleeping sites, the sites and preferred trees occur throughout the monkeys home range and are not normally reused. As a consequence, the group sleep near the area explored during daily foraging. Therefore, the sleeping site location does not seem to affect the animals daily route.
Ferreira, Luíza Gonzalez. "Vocalizações de alimentação de macacos-prego (Sapajus libidinosus): Investigação sobre fatores causais e função". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-16092016-141533/.
Pełny tekst źródłaResource competition among animals can occur directly, through monopolization, or indirectly, through depletion. Communicative signals in competition contexts can regulate competition by manipulating behaviour of other individuals. Primate species that forage in stable and large groups, which experience intense food competition, may decrease food competition through food calls, which indicate either the willingness to be approached by other individuals or to announce the ownership of food, both decreasing the aggression against the caller. Alternatively, food calls may enhance the callers reputation. Capuchin monkeys emit different types of food calls according to food distribution in the habitat, decreasing or increasing the distance between individuals, which suggests the emission of specific vocalizations regulates each type of food competition. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and the function of food-associated calls emitted by a group of capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinodus). Data were collected in Fazenda Boa Vista, Piauí, a transition between Cerrado and Caatinga. The characteristics of the caller, of the food resource and of the social context during a feeding bout were recorded according to focal animal method (60 minutes). In clumped resources, resource size and quantity of food were also registered. Vocalizations were continuously recorded during each focal and classified as: chihui, chihui2, contact note, grgr and FAWS. The probability of calling was higher in feeding contexts than in other contexts and, among the feeding contexts, FAWS and grgr calls were associated to provisioned and clumped foods and chihui was weakly associated to clumped foods and also emitted in forage context. FAWS and grgr calls had a higher probability of emission by subordinate individuals, in resources with a large quantity of food, and when the caller had a large number of neighbors. These vocalizations were emitted, then, in intense contest competition, in sources with low proportion of food, therefore, when sharing food would not be so costly for the caller, supporting the hypothesis of regulating contest competition by decreasing the probability of aggression. Chihui calls had a higher probability of emission in scramble and contest competition, in sources with medium quantity of food, which the proportion of consumed food is high, therefore, when sharing food would be more costly. The number of neighbors and the presence of dominant individuals did not affect the probability of call. These results support the hypothesis that food calls decrease scramble and contest competition by increasing interindividual distance. These results suggest that capuchin monkeys can regulate each type of food competition through different types of food calls
Polidoro, George Lucas Sá. "O QUE DETERMINA A VARIAÇÃO DO CRÂNIO EM MAMÍFEROS? AVALIANDO AS REGRAS DE RENSCH E DE BERGMANN EM PRIMATAS DA AMÉRICA DO SUL". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5343.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this study our aim was to analyze if Rensch and Bergmann rules apply to South-American primates of the genera Sapajus and Alouatta, where males tend to be larger than females and if species tend to be larger at higher latitudes. We found that Alouatta and Sapajus show similar Rensch's rule trend, and found a reverse Bergmann pattern for Alouatta (size larger at smaller latitudes), a pattern which is dependent of both phylogenetic and spatial autocorrelations. Both sexes of both genera, size is explained by vegetation complexity and enviroment, thus size variation is not only explained by taxonomy but also by adaptations related to the environment pressures.
Nesse estudo nosso objetivo foi analisar se as regras de Rensch e Bergmann se aplicam aos primatas Sul Americanos dos gêneros Sapajus e Alouatta, onde os machos tendem a ser maiores que as fêmeas, e se as espécies tendem a ser maiores em altas latitudes. Observamos que Alouatta e Sapajus tendem a seguir a regra de Rensch e descobrimos um padrão inverso à regra de Bergmann para Alouatta (Tamanho maior em baixas latitudes), um padrão que depende tanto da filogenia, quanto da autocorrelação espacial. Em ambos sexos de ambos os gêneros, o tamanho é explicado pela complexidade da vegetação e do ambiente, portanto, a variação de tamanho não é só explicada pela taxonomia, mas também por adapatações relacionadas à pressão do ambiente.
Messer, Emily Jane Elizabeth. "Social learning and social behaviour in two mixed-species communities of tufted capuchins (Sapajus sp.) and common squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11415.
Pełny tekst źródłaWinandy, Mariana Mascarenhas. "O período juvenil em macacos-prego (Sapajus sp.): ontogenia das relações sociais e do forrageamento". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-19072012-105740/.
Pełny tekst źródłaPrimates exhibit delayed maturation in comparison to other mammals, with a long juvenile period. Two attempts to explain this characteristic are the needing to learn hypothesis, which points towards the need to acquire social or foraging skills as important challenges for juveniles, and the juvenile risk aversion hypothesis, according to which primates have slow growth rates in order to reduce metabolic rates, because they have a disadvantage in the competition for resources against adults, due to lower hierarchical position or to less foraging efficiency. The present work analyses the behavioral development of juvenile capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp) from a semi-freeranging group at Parque Ecológico do Tietê (PET), São Paulo, Brazil, from October 2007 to May 2010. Data was obtained using scan sampling and all occurrences methods. Results show that the dominance hierarchy was mostly inherited from the mother, for juvenile females, and age-related, for males. The large number of individuals with little or no participation in agonistic interactions and of 0x0 ties, and the low number of coalitions, which involved mostly dominant individuals, suggest that a conflict-avoidance mechanism is being used by subordinates. There was a reduction in the aggression suffered by juveniles through time, suggesting that this mechanism is learned throughout the development. Affiliative relationships were highly dependent on kinship and hierarchical position, and in proximity there was also an effect of age, with juveniles close to one another. Juvenile females invested more in building and maintaining social networks, through grooming, than male juveniles, and were more tolerated in proximity. The activity budget and feeding behavior differed among age categories, but there was little influence of sex. There was evidence of synchrony of activities between juveniles and individuals in proximity, but differences in diet between juveniles and adults suggest that social learning was not the main influence on juveniles\' foraging behavior. They allocated more foraging time to resources easy to obtain (fruits) than to more difficult to obtain resources (invertebrates), which indicates they are less efficient in foraging. They also dedicated less time to provisioned food, suggesting a disadvantage in intra-group competition. The behavior of the juveniles observed in this study supports the risk aversion model, although there are evidences that the acquisition of social and foraging skills also plays an important role on their development
Mendonça-Furtado, Olívia de. "Uso de ferramentas como enriquecimento ambiental para macacos-prego (Cebus apella) cativos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-21122006-120323/.
Pełny tekst źródłaKeeping animals in captivity implies in an ethical duty of offering conditions that foster their physical and psychological health. Procedures known as Environmental Enrichment seek to enhance animals life quality. Here we tested three stimuli efficiency as environmental enrichment for captive capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Two which had been previously tested (Toy and Box) by Boinski et al. (1999). The third one (Tool) was tested for the first time and aimed giving the animals the opportunity to perform a species-typical behavior: cracking open nuts. The stimuli had their effects measured by behavioral and fecal corticosterone sampling. Some statistical significant differences were found between experimental conditions (control and stimuli) and between the frequencies of interaction with the stimuli. The data, however, did not point to any of the tested stimuli as effective environmental enrichment for capuchin monkeys. We believe, therefore, that more research should be conducted in order to clarify the effects of factors such as the environment outside the cages, the maintenance procedures, and the stimulus presentation procedures, on the well-being of captive animals.
Souza, Telma Mirian Moreira de. "Entre a cruz e o trabalho: exploração da mão-de-obra indígena no sul da Bahia, (1845-1875)". Programa de Pós- Graduação em História da UFBA, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11371.
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Essa dissertação procura estudar o processo e exploração da mão-de-obra indígena no sul de Ilhéus, entre os anos de 1845-1875. Nesse caminhada, fazemos um retorno ao século XVI, quando da chegada dos primeiros colonos portugueses à Capitania de Ilhéus. Aí seria iniciado o processo de apropriação da mão obra indígena. Atravessando os séculos XVII e XVIII, procuramos mostrar a trajetória desse processo de apropriação, passando pelos projetos governamentais e particulares que justificavam essa apropriação. Começamos pelo Diretório Pombalino. Passamos pelos projetos de Moniz Tavares e José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva até chegarmos àquele que é um dos pontos centrais do nosso trabalho: a análise do Regimento Geral das Missões, de 1845. Também discutiremos a importância da Lei de Terras neste processo. No século XIX, apresentaremos as teorias racialistas que permeiam a questão da substituição da mão-de-obra africana pela indígena. Finalmente, trabalharemos com uma documentação específica que nos deixa perceber os caminhos desse processo de apropriação de mão-de-obra indígena e expropriação de suas terras. Processo esse, no caso específico do sul de Ilhéus, centrado na figura dos missionários capuchinhos.
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Santos, Lucas Peternelli Corrêa dos. "Parâmetros nutricionais da dieta de duas populações de macacos-prego: Sapajus libidinosus no ecótono cerrado/caatinga e Sapajus nigritus na Mata Atlântica". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-10082015-110633/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe survival and reproductive success of an individual are directly related to its ability to meet the demand for nutrients and energy. Studies in Nutritional Ecology, adopting the Geometric Framework for Nutrition, show that more than maximize energy intake, the animals seek to regulate the intake of multiple nutrients independently, targeting a specific balance between these nutrients. In this study, we used nutritional content analysis and the Geometric Framework to investigate the diet nutritional parameters of two populations of capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) in two different biomes: Sapajus libidinosus in the ecotone Cerrado/Caatinga, at Fazenda Boa Vista (FBV) in Piauí state; and Sapajus nigritus in an Atlantic Forest area, at Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho (PECB), in São Paulo state. Previous studies suggest that the quality and availability of food exploited by S. libidinosus in the semi-arid region are higher than those of the exploited by S. nigritus in the Atlantic Forest. However, statements about diet quality depend on investigating the nutrient balance obtained by individuals and which nutrition strategies are adopted to achieve this balance. Therefore, the aims of this thesis were (1) to analyze the nutritional strategies of a group of Sapajus libidinosus in the FBV and (2) to compare the nutritional quality of the diet of this population with that of Sapajus nigritus in PECB. We analyzed samples of 176 food items eaten by the animals. To estimate nutrient daily intake, we conducted 134 continuous focal follows recording the item consumed and the amount ingested by individuals. The monkeys in FBV regulate the intake of a specific balance between protein energy and non-protein energy (lipids and / or carbohydrates), and prioritize non-protein energy intake when the availability of this nutrient in food items decreases. Assuming that the nutritional goal of S. nigritus is the same as S. libidinosus, the results confirmed the hypothesis that diet quality in FBV is superior than in PECB, where foods contain lower non-protein energy concentrations. The Geometric Framework allowed to review previous studies claims that in FBV seasonality of resources availability is not a limiting factor for these animals. In this study we have shown seasonal variations in the nutritional quality of foods, which impact nutrient intake by monkeys in FBV
Delval, Irene. "Efeito do clima sobre a navegação de macacos-prego (Sapajus nigritus) em área de Mata Atlântica". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-02102014-150714/.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn studies of wild primates spatial cognition by means of natural observation, changes in navigation patterns, particularly travel speed and linearity depending on the spatial target, are usually considered as indicative of the ability of representing and locating spatial goals. However, few investigations have considered whether other factors, such as climatic conditions, could be affecting those navigation patterns. Our goal here was to verify if variations on rainfall and temperature can modify the navigation patterns of a black capuchin monkeys group in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. For collecting behavioural data, the group was followed during a year in both seasons. The National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) provided the weather data and routes were collected with GPS technology. Goal and non-goal daily segments were analyzed. For each segment, travel speed and linearity index were calculated. Results showed that there was little influence of rainfall on the controlled variables. Nevertheless, some measurements of linearity were influenced by temperature. Seasonality was a better predictor of travel speed and linearity than weather conditions due to changes in food distribution. Our results suggest that changes in travel speed and linearity towards goals are good indicators of the representation of spatial locations
Miranda, Maria Alice Loreto de. "Estratégias de forrageio e uso de informação por macacos-prego (Sapajus sp.) semi-livres". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-08012016-083312/.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhen foraging, non-human animals are observed performing actions suggestive of information processing and decision making. Different species show qualitative differences as to how information is processed and used, partially due to its ecological context. Capuchin monkeys are primates that forage socially, with each individual living in a single social context, what affects its opportunity to forage. This project proposes an experimental protocol, aided by wooden platforms and peanuts as rewards, to identify differences in foraging strategies and understand if social factors, such as hierarchy, kinship and proximity, influence ones opportunities to forage and use distinct sources of information. We found that hierarchy play a major role on the strategy adopted and this is reflected on type of information used. Also when using social information, individuals were selective with respect to the identity of the source of information, showing a preference for following young and active foragers
Luccas, Vitor Rodrigues. "Variação temporal na coesão grupal de macacos-prego (Sapajus nigritus) na Mata Atlântica". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-15082016-122847/.
Pełny tekst źródłaPrimate groups can be characterized as social organization, with respect to size, sex ratio and spatiotemporal dispersion between individuals. The dispersion refers to the distance maintained between the members of a social group. The variation in distance between individuals allows the group to adapt dynamically to fluctuations in the distribution of risks and resources in the environment, and is also an important feature of the fission and fusion dynamics. Work carried out with capuchin monkeys in Atlantic Forest area suggest that they can forage in subgroups in response to the decrease in the offer and distribution of food supplies, but no study has addressed, in a quantitative manner, the variation in the group dispersion, measured as interindividual distance. This research aimed to investigate the temporal change of distance between individuals of a group of capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus), and their relationship to the activities budget, distances traveled and dispersion limit, in Atlantic Forest area, the Carlos Botelho State Park (PECB). We investigated the following assumptions: (1) the behavior of individuals influences the change of distance between them, (2) the distance traveled by the group varies according to the distance between individuals and (3) the risk of predation limits the maximum dispersion distance between the group members. Between December 2013 and May 2015, a group of S. nigritus composed of four adults, three juveniles and an infant was studied. The total field effort was 501h01min, totaling 172h45min of contact with the group. To measure dispersion, the coordinates of the location of the two individuals most distant to each other was obtained in each scan with the employment of two GPS. A time series analysis showed a variation in the group dispersion over time, even between scans, suggesting a fluid fission and fusion dynamic. Despite this variation, the group had a tendency to modulate the distance between the members of the social unit, always returning to a measure of central tendency, which was 36 meters. A transfer function analysis indicated that the group was more dispersed when it was feeding on fruit than in other activities. There was no correlation between the dispersion and the distance traveled by the group between each scan. The results confirmed the hypothesis 1. The distance between the group members varied according to the behavior, increasing when the animals were fed on fruits, probably as a way to reduce food competition. Hypotheses 2 and 3 were rejected: there was no correlation between the dispersion of individuals with the distance traveled by the group, likely by the result of a strategy to reduce the traveled costs between the food sources of known location; also the group dispersal was higher in the morning, period of increased risk of predation, and did not vary with the activity of rest, when the vulnerability to predation is higher. Probably, the group dispersion limit is associated with the vocalization detection distance of others group members, and not tied with the risk of predation
Corat, Clara de Souza. "Organização sequencial e otimização do comportamento na quebra de frutos encapsulados por macacos-prego (Sapajus sp.) em semi-liberdade". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-28082013-161049/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe use of tools to crack nuts requires the gathering of three elements: the nut; the hammer, a loose rock or tree trunk, that the animal can lift and carry; and the anvil, a rigid and immovable surface. This study gives continuity to research with a group of semi-wild tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.) from the Tietê Ecological Park. We divided this study in two main phases (#1 and #2), and a parallel phase (1B). In Phase 1, we examined if the monkeys exhibit a pattern in the sequential organization of the nut-cracking behavior. We provided and placed the three nut-cracking elements (nut, hammer and anvil) in a triangle: separated, equidistant and visible; each one paired with a plaque with different graphic sings. Thus, to crack the nut the individuals had to visit the triangle vertices and gather the movable elements (nut and hammer) at the anvil. Our results show that the monkeys have a well-defined pattern to perform the nut-cracking sequence: the nut is the first element to be collected, followed by the hammer, and then by the transport of both to the anvil. This is one of the shortest paths and the one with the lowest cost of hammer transportation. In Phase 2, we examined if the hammer being collected in second place is a mechanism to optimize the tool transportation or if it is just a byproduct of the priorization of the nut collection. We provided two hammers, of same weight, and placed them at different distances of the nut anvil, this way the cost of the hammer transportation (energy and risk of injury) would be higher or lower depending on the choice of hammer. The results show that, in fact, choosing the hammer that was closer to the anvil and the sequence that the elements were collected reduces the costs of hammer transportation. In Phase 1B, we examined, through the sequential organization of the nut-cracking behavior, if the monkeys were able to associate different graphic patterns with the nut-cracking elements. We used the same experimental configuration and methodology of Phase 1, but we hid the elements in the vertices underneath opaque bowls, so the only information about the location of the elements were the plaques with graphic signs. Our results show that the individuals did not associate the graphic patterns with the respective nut-cracking elements neither in Phase 1 nor in Phase 1B. We believe that the monkeys did not learn the association in Phase 1 because the elements were visible, so there was no need for the association - which would be advantageous only on Phase 1B - but it didnt occur during this phase either, perhaps because of the reduced time the monkeys were exposed to the problem, added to the disinterest of the individuals possibly due to the lack of the elements visual stimuli
Costa, Annyelle Kelly da Silva. "Etnoprimatologia de Sapajus flavius (SCHREBER, 1774) em fragmentos de floresta atlântica no nordeste do Brasil". Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2017. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/jspui/handle/tede/3037.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The ecological overlapping of humans and other primates through anthropization leads to diverse interactions between these animal groups, some with a harmonious character and others creating conflicts between them, thus damaging the state of conservation of the wild species involved. With the present study, we investigat ed the interaction and knowledge of the inhabitants about the biology of Sapajus flavius. Data were obtained through structured questionnaires and semi-structured and free interviews with local communities living on the banks of two fragments of Atlantic Forest important for the conservation of S. flavius, Camaratuba Experimental Station / ASPLAN and Pau Brasil State Ecological Station, in the municipality of Mamanguape, PB. Through questionnaires applied to the residents about the blond capuchin monkey, information was obtained on the ecology and attitudes of the interviewees in relation to their conservation. Subsequently, Local Ecological Knowledge Indicators (LEK) and Conservation Attitudes were developed for residents. The results show that the inhabitants' contact with the forest brings experience about the biology of the blond capuchin monkey to them, and thus, they have knowledge regarding mainly their diet. Residents interviewed stated that the blond capuchin monkey have been decreasing in forest fragments over the years, and that possibly the main reason is the reduction of the availability of resources and the increase of antropic activities in the areas. Most of the residents have a high index of local ecological knowledge about the blond capuchi n monkey, although the information is distributed differently between men and women and according to age, with older men having a higher index of knowledge. Likewise, the presence of existing conflicts from the invasion of monkeys to the plantations of the residents did not affect their conservation attitude, and the interviewees showed a high predisposition to conserve the species. These results lead us to consider that the blond capuchin monkey is seen as a charismatic species, arousing the inhabitants' interest in knowing the species, and, above all, conserving it
A sobreposição ecológica de humanos e demais primatas através da antropização acaba proporcionando interações diversas entre esses grupos animais, algumas de caráter harmonioso e outras gerando conflitos entre os mesmos, prejudicando, assim, o estado de conservação das espécies silvestres envolvidas. Com o presente estudo, investigamos a interação e conhecimentos dos moradores sobre a biologia de Sapajus flavius. Os dados foram obtidos através de questionários estruturados e entrevistas semiestruturadas e livres com comunidades locais que vivem às margens de dois fragmentos de Floresta Atlântica importantes para a conservação de S. flavius, Estação Experimental de Camaratuba/ASPLAN e Estação Ecológica Estadual Pau Brasil, no município de Mamanguape, PB. Através de questionários aplicados aos moradores a respeito dos macacos-prego-galegos, foram obtidas informações sobre a ecologia e atitudes dos entrevistados com relação à conservação dos mesmos. Posteriormente foram elaborados Indicadores de Conhecimento Ecológico Local (CEL) e de Atitudes de Conservação para os moradores. Os resultados mostram que o contato dos moradores com a mata traz experiência sobre a biologia do macaco-prego-galego aos mesmos, e assim, eles possuem conhecimento no que diz respeito principalmente à sua dieta. Os moradores entrevistados afirmaram que os macacos-prego-galegos vêm diminuindo nos fragmentos de mata ao longo dos anos, e que possivelmente o motivo principal seja a redução da disponibilidade de recursos e o aumento de atividades antrópicas nas áreas. A maior parte dos moradores possui alto índice de conhecimento ecológico local sobre o macaco -prego- galego, embora as informações sejam distribuídas diferentemente entre homens e mulheres e conforme a idade, com os homens mais velhos possuindo maior índice de conhecimento. Da mesma forma, a presença de conflitos existente oriundos das invasões dos macacos às plantações dos moradores não afetou a atitude de conservação dos mesmos, e os entrevistados apresentaram alta predisposição em conservar a espécie. Esses resultados nos levam a considerar que o macaco-prego-galego é visto como uma espécie carismática, despertando o interesse dos moradores em conhecer a espécie, e, sobretudo a conservá-la.
Martins, Lilian Betania Rocha. "Interações e conflitos entre humanos e macacos-prego (Cebus apella) no Parque da Criança em Anápolis-GO". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2005. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/3566.
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There has been an increase in the number of conflicts between Capuchin-monkeys (Cebus apella) and humans in municipal parks. Diminishing these conflicts has been a big challenge as it has to find permanent solutions that benefit both parts. In this study I investigated how the interactions between humans and capuchins occur, what people think about the presence of these animals and how they behave towards them. Ad libitum observations were conducted and video tapes made of interactions in one park, in the city of Anápolis, State of Goiás, Brazil. Behavioral data were collected using one/zero sampling, and all occurrences technique. Personal impressions were obtained trough interviews with park users. The results obtained were analyzed in search of the unleashing agent of agonism, including details about the days of the week on which these conflicts were more likely to occur, whether or not food items were involved, where in the park these interactions occurred, which types of behaviors are more frequent, how and who intervened in the encounters etc. I also attempted to delineated a profile of the persons that frequented the park, considering their opinion about the monkey attacks on people, how they perceive the threats by the monkeys and their opinions about the existence of monkey free urban areas. Results show that the majority of the interactions occurred during the weekends. The wooded area was the place where they most frequently occurred and the conflicts occurred more likely in the playground area. Food transportation appears to be an important factor in the occurrence of conflicts, but simply toting bags did not lead to conflicts. During conflicts the monkeys emitted more combinations of different aggressive behaviors than did humans, but on the other hand humans produced a greater number of non-aggressive behaviors. There were more aggressive encounters when only humans emitted aggressive behaviors. The majority of visitors were regulars, had a secondary level education, had up to three offspring and visited the park for ecological reasons (which included see the monkeys and nature viewing). These people remained in the park from one to four hours at a time, and reported spending more time in the playground and wooded areas. More than half of the interviewed reported stopping to watch the monkeys and some reported speaking to the monkeys, feeding and attempting to touch them. Few admitted having attempted to hurt them, but more than half had already witnessed other people doing so. A few had seen the monkeys attacking humans. Attacks on humans by monkeys were one of the reasons most commonly cited for the monkey attacks; the second reason was the lack of food. Most people said they like the monkeys and thought they should remain in the park, where educational programs should be conducted. The conclusion drawn was that the attacks on humans by the monkeys were elicited by humans behavior: by monkeys misinterpretation of the action of humans as aggressive; by reacting to human interference in their social interactions, by being attacked first by humans, as a form of obtaining food or other survival issues. On the other hand there was a lack of knowledge about these animals on behalf of the visitors. This problem could be eliminated through environmental education programs.
Tem havido um grande número de ocorrências de conflitos envolvendo macacos-prego (Cebus apella) e humanos nos parques municipais. Harmonizar esses conflitos tem sido um grande desafio e encontrar soluções para os problemas gerados torna-se cada dia mais urgente. O presente trabalho procurou investigar como se estabelecem essas relações e o que as pessoas pensam a respeito da presença desses animais no parque e sobre a forma como se comportam. Para tanto, foram realizadas observações ad libitum, filmagens no Parque da Criança, em Anápolis, Goiás, Brasil. Foram realizadas observações diretas das interações, utilizando-se o método zero e um, registro de todas as ocorrências e durante as observações foram anotadas informações contextuais consideradas importantes. Também foram realizadas entrevistas com os freqüentadores do parque. Os resultados mostraram que ocorreram mais interações nos finais de semana. A mata foi o local em que houveram mais registros de interações e nos brinquedos ocorreram mais interações conflituosas. O transporte de alimentos é um fator importante para a ocorrência de interações conflituosas, já o de sacolas e outros objetos não favoreceu esse tipo de interação. Em interações conflituosas os macacos emitem um maior número de combinações de comportamentos agressivos que os humanos, por outro lado os humanos, emitiram maior número de combinações contendo categorias não agressivas. Houve mais interações agressivas quando só humanos emitiram comportamentos agressivos do que quando só macacos emitiram tais comportamentos. A maioria dos entrevistados consistiu de visitantes assíduos do parque, que cursaram na sua maioria até o ensino fundamental e possuíam até três filhos. Tais visitantes iam ao parque por questões ecológicas, entre elas, ver os animais, macacos e apreciar a natureza. Costumavam permanecer no parque entre uma e quatros horas. Disseram permanecer mais tempo nos brinquedos e na mata. Mais da metade disse apenas olhar e parar para olhar os macacos, alguns disseram falar com animais, alimentá-los e tentar tocá-los ou tocá-los. Muitos poucos confessaram já terem agredidoos, mas, mais da metade já viram humanos agredirem os macacos e poucos viram os macacos atacarem os humanos. O ataque ou agressão dos humanos aos macacos foi o motivo mais citado para as agressões sofridas, seguida da falta alimentos. A maioria disse gostar dos animais, e considera que deveriam permanecer no parque e que deveria haver programas de educação ambiental. Concluiu-se que os ataques dos macacos aos humanos de forma geral foram eliciados por ação de humanos: seja porque os macacos interpretavam as atitudes dos humanos como ameaças, por terem sido atacados primeiro pelos humanos, por reagirem à interferência humana em suas interações sociais, e como forma de obtenção de recursos alimentares, ou ainda, por questões ligadas à sua sobrevivência. Por outro lado, faltou aos humanos conhecimento adequado sobre esses animais, sua importância e de como e quando interagir com eles, o que poderia ser erradicado com a implantação de um programa de educação ambiental.
Batagello, Daniella Sabino. "Distribuição dos neurônios e campos terminais que expressam a urocortina 3 no sistema nervoso central de primata não-humano (Cebus apella)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42131/tde-22052012-094616/.
Pełny tekst źródłaIntroduction: Urocortin 3 (UCN 3) is a neuropeptide with 38-aa and member of the CRF peptide family, it is a selective agonist for the CRF2 receptor. UCN 3 cells in rodents showed containing- neurons found mainly in hypothalamic and amygdaloid regions. However, such mapping was not done in a non-human primate model. Objective: study the UCN 3 distribution in the brain of a monkey. Material and methods: frontal sections (40mm) were subjected to immunohistochemistry technique and in situ hybridization, Nissl and Hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results: UCN 3 cells were found mainly in the amygdaloid, limbic and hypothalamic regions. Double-labeled cells (CRF/UCN 3) were found in the PaMD and, in b cells (UCN 3/insulin) of pancreas. Conclusion: the distribution of UCN 3 in non-human primate is similar to the rodents distribution.
Tsiarify, Lalao. "Conflits franco-allemands et présence missionnaire : la fondation et le développement de la mission des Capucins d'Alsace à Madagascar (1932-1960)". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20074.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe present dissertation, titled French and German conflicts and missionary presence. The foundation and development of the Capuchin mission in Madagascar (1932-1960) deals with the crises that the Capuchin friars from Alsace had to face while settling in Madagascar in the early thirties. On February, 2nd 1932, Pius XI issued the Supremi apostolatus munus, a motu proprio whose effect was to transfer the aggrandized apostolic prefecture of Mayotte, Nosy-Be and the Comoros to the latter. This marked the beginning of a missionary adventure on the large Madagascar Island for those clergymen. They inherited this territory from the Fathers of the Holy Spirit who had been in Nosy-Be since 1879. This transfer, and their arrival brought about the question of the transmission of assets. This became a real issue as it took place in the broader context of a general dispute between former and new missionaries along with a conflict of authority between Father Lopinot and Brother Brillaud from the Congregation of the Brothers of Saint-Gabriel and the Committee for Catholic Popular Action in Nossi-Bé. Added to that, the Capuchin Friars from Alsace were the target of heated debates on grounds such as their origin, identity, or patriotic spirit. The various sources available lay bare a number of attempts at giving a diplomatic and political dimension to the specific problem of the change of missionaries. Opponents of the clergymen from Alsace put forward their German nature, thereby questioning their affiliation with France. Capuchin Friars of Alsatian origin were suspected of acting in the interest of the Germans and were accused of destroying French religious values and traditions. What actually happened was that they were utilising French and Germans conflicts to fuel a crisis of authority and personal conflicts, as in truth, this crisis was by no means representative of the political and diplomatic disagreements between Germany and France. The first chapter of this dissertation recounts the story of the Capuchin settlement in the Alsatian region from 1729 to 1932. The German sovereign power taking over Alsace and Lorraine in 1871 had repercussions on the history of the Capuchin province in Alsace, which was suppressed during the French Revolution. Faced with the Kulturkampf, their fellows from the Rhineland and Westphalia settled in the Alsatian region in 1888. The Capuchin province in former Reichland Elsaß-Lothringen rose again after World War I. The second chapter focuses on the evolution of French and German relationships during the second half of the twenties and early thirties. It addresses the question of the mission in the tumultuous context of international rivalries at the end of hostilities. Specific attention is paid to Germany, France and the Vatican. This part ends on a chapter about the 1932 transfer of the apostolic prefecture of Mayotte, Nosy-Be and the Comoros to the Capuchin Friars from Alsace. This chapter briefly recounts how that territory had been evangelised prior to their arrival and describes the state of the mission in the Sambirano and Maromandia regions around the end of the twenties and early thirties — a period marked by a jurisdiction conflict between the apostolic curacy of Majunga and Diego-Suarez. The second part is devoted to the analysis of the crisis and the hardships the Capuchin Friars from Alsace were faced with as they settled in Madagascar. It examines the contention between former and new missionaries concerning the assets of the mission. This took place under Father Lopinot (1932-1937). This part also tackles the conflict of authority between the latter and Brother Brillaud, a brother of Saint-Gabriel, on the question of the municipal fanfare. Their quarrel took place in the context of the commemoration of the 1918 armistice
Bonci, Daniela Maria Oliveira. "Estudos dos pigmentos visuais de macaco-prego (cebus sp) e da relação entre a psicofísica e a genética da visão de cores em humanos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-02052011-155359/.
Pełny tekst źródłaColor vision is possible due to different types of photoreceptors and to the post receptoral processing of the information generated after cell activation by the light. Genetic, functional and morphological analysis can be used as tools in the color vision studies. In the present work the genetic of the visual pigments from Cebus sp and the genetic and the psychophysics of normal and defective human color vision were evaluated. The sequencing of the L and M genes of 33 capuchin monkeys was performed. Blood samples were collected from 13 monkeys from Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho (UFRJ) and 20 monkeys from Escola de Primatas (UFPA), the DNA was extracted and exons 3 and 5 from L/M genes were sequenced after PCR amplification. For each animal the 180, 277 and 285 aminoacids were identified and the spectral absorbance curve was estimated based on their sequence. In the UFRJ group, six males and three females were identified as dichromats and four females were identified as thrichromats. In the UFPA group sixteen males and three females were dichromats and one female was thrichromat. The SFT aminoacid combination was described for the first time in the Cebus genera. The allelic diversity described in these animals is probably due to the distinct environmental conditions from the place of birth of the animals. In the human study 19 control subjects (5 men and 14 women) and sixteen daltonic subjects (14 men and 1 woman), all from São Paulo city, had the colour vision evaluated with 4 colour vision tests and with the visual pigment genetics. The results were compared to the data described by Gonçalves (2006) in daltonic subjects from Pará state. The correlation between phenotype and genotype of the subjects from SP had a 100% of correspondence in the genetic and psychophysical classifications of dischromatopsia
Fogaça, Mariana Dutra. "Comportamento alimentar e propriedades físicas dos alimentos consumidos por macacos-prego (Sapajus nigritus), no Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho, SP". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-19112014-160219/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe demand model diet is based on the premise that the morphology develops in response to evolutionary pressure caused by the challenges of diet components. Thus, the study of feeding ecology is important in understanding the morphological craniofacial adaptation This model predicts that 1) or tissues with increased mechanical demands, regardless of frequency of use, or 2) the most frequently consumed foods would be the force selective primary in the selection of morphological features related to feeding. From this perspective, the food mechanical properties in shaping the craniodental anatomy of primates has been well established. The physical properties of foods refer to external and internal characteristics that relate to size, shape and surface texture and reflect the resistance to fragmentation of resources, measured by toughness and elastic modulus. The limit caused by the physical characteristics of foods can also lead to the selection of behavioral strategies to overcome - there, like the use of the teeth more efficiently or processing of foods before ingestion. These behavioral strategies can therefore guarantee access to food, even if the animal does not have anatomical specializations to ingest it. Some authors have suggested that differences in diet between adults and juveniles are related to the physical properties of food, may be a reflection of age differences in the masticatory apparatus of the individual, or experience with this behavior which permit access a resource with high mechanical demand. This work has been collected data on dietary behavior and physical properties of food consumed by a population of capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus) in Statue Park Carlos Botelho, SP, from August 2010 to September 2012. With these data we analyzed whether there were differences in behavior and / or physical property values of the consumed resources among adults and juveniles and we compared the maximum values of fracture resistance with two other groups of capuchin monkeys (Cebus olivaceus and S. apella) with data provided by Dr .Barth Wight. The maximum value of toughness (38868.7 J / m²) and elastic modulus (21494.01 MPa) were found for leaf palm Euterpe edulis. There was no significant difference between adults and youth in the consumption of resources with high value of physical properties as well as feeding behavior appears to access the resources. S. nigritus eat foods with significantly higher values of fracture resistance (mean = 6903 J/m²) than S. apella (mean = 1758 J/m²) andC. olivaceus (mean = 1347 J/m²). Our results provide evidence that the masticatory apparatus of the species S. nigritus is adapted to a diet with high toughness. We also concluded that the foods with high mechanical demands. In addition, our data demonstrate that the physical properties of the food does not cause a difference in the viii diet found between adult and juveniles, but show that determine the pattern of feeding behavior found to access each feature
Rodrigues, Bruna. "Etologia aplicada ao enriquecimento ambiental para macacos-prego (Sapajus spp.) semi-cativos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-05032015-152804/.
Pełny tekst źródłaNowadays there is a big ethic concern in improving the well-being of captive and semi-captive animals. One of the most efficient forms of doing that is applying environmental enrichment techniques. To evaluate its efficiency, the ethological approach applies environmental stimuli and analyzes the behavioral changes caused by them by correlating with possible adaptive functions. This work has analyzed the influence of a sequential and cumulative environmental enrichment method on the behavior of 27 individuals of a semi-captive group of capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) at Parque Ecológico do Tietê, São Paulo. The provision of rocks and nuts for the task of nutcracking was utilized as cognitive-food enrichment, whereas suspended nets were utilized as physical enrichment. The experimental design was composed of four conditions: 1) Base Line, observations made before the introduction of the enrichment; 2) Enrichment with nuts Protocol I, the nuts were provided at a single cracking site; 3) Enrichment with nuts, Protocol II, the nuts were equally distributed at three cracking sites; and 4) Physical Enrichment, two nets were placed in open areas of the island, beside the provision of nut at three sites. The registry of behavior was made using the Focal Scan and All Occurrences methods. The adult subordinate males were the only individuals of the group that presented abnormal behaviors, as they were under great psychosocial stress in the group hierarchy. The frequency of abnormal behaviors was altered, especially in the Physical Enrichment condition, when a drastic decrease of these behaviors was seen. The introduction of nets provided refugee and enabled conflict avoidance, increasing the sensation of environment control. Besides that, some of the individuals had a increase of spatial proximity and showed affiliative behaviors with other subordinates, which would be an adaptive strategy adopted to reduce stress. The rate of agonistic behaviors was seen to have increased with the introduction of cognitive-food enrichment. The increase of intergroup direct competition was already expected due to the characteristics of the enrichment provided and this behavioral change of the group can be considered typical of wild primates. There was no significant increase in grooming and social play rates at any of the conditions. There was significant change of the group cohesion only under the Physical Enrichment condition, where the biggest interindividual distance measures and the formation of new proximity relations in the group were seen. The appearance of new dyads involved in grooming and the reduction of the group size due to high mortality explain the increased group cohesion observed under this condition. The introduction of nets on superior layers elicited less terrestriality, by having a significant increase of the frequency of use of substrates Above 1,5m in detriment of use of substrates at the ground level under the Physical Enrichment condition, showing a preference for substrates above the ground by these animals. The enrichment technique applied is justified by the fact that it is a new element on the routine of these animals, which helped them use their time, effort and cognitive capacity and interact socially
Coelho, Camila Galheigo. "Observação por co-específicos e influências sociais na apresendizagem do uso de ferramentas para quebrar cocos por macacos-prego (Cebus.sp.) em semi-liberdade". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-16122009-111132/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation gives continuity to research with a group of Capuchin monkeys (Cebus sp.) from the Tietê Ecological Park, under way for over a decade. The scope of the research includes manipulative behaviours of objects, tool-use and social transmission of information. Infants and juveniles manipulate nuts and stones, initially in a non-proficient way and gradually they develop the necessary skills for the use of the stone as percussive tools for nutcracking on top of anvils. During the acquisition of the nut-cracking technique, infants and juveniles observe conspecifics cracking nuts. Adult capuchin monkeys are extremely tolerant with infants and juveniles, allowing close observation, access to nuts and hammers and even the possibility of scrounging cracked nuts. This tolerance gives way to social opportunities which may facilitate learning for naive individuals, leading to the social transmission of the use of stones as tools. A previous study (Ottoni et al 2005) verified that observation did not significantly correlate to age, social proximity or hierarchy, but it did correlate to the proficiency of observational targets. A simple mechanism such as optimizing scrounging opportunities could hence maximize possibilities of social transmission of information. Here we sought out to investigate more accurately the correlations between the choice of observation targets and social factors and between the former and factors related to the performance of the technique. We verified that the observation of conspecifics during nutcracking significantly correlated to several factors: social proximity, social hierarchy, age, proficiency and productivity in cracking nuts. Differences in relation to the previous study suggest that the nut-cracking behaviour has recently (as of 15 years or so) disseminated through the group, as is presently in the tradition phase. We observed the occurrence of scrounging in 74,5% of the observational episodes, which support the hypotheses that scrounging constitutes the proximal motivation for nut-cracking observation, and other opportunities of socially-biased learning. This does not depend on observing behaviour per se as there is abundant availability of left-over cracked nuts on the anvils after an episode of nutcracking, which allows the monkeys to scrounge and manipulate the elements on site. This is especially relevant for individuals that are less tolerated socially. High frequency of observations by adult females was registered, suggesting a possible role of sexual display in nut-cracking. One idiosyncrasy was observed in the current nut-cracking behavior by Capuchin monkeys at P.E.T: the females, usually less active in other studies, appeared frequent crackers and targets of observation in this study. The dynamics of social interactions which occur in the tool-use-nut-cracking context associated to the patterns of the ontogenetic development of proficiency in this behaviour, favour the characterization of tool use in nutcracking as a behavioral tradition.