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Carayol, Timothée. "Social capital, human capital, and labour market outcomes". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/414/.
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This thesis aims to document several aspects pertaining to the dynamics of human capital, both from a theoretical and an empirical viewpoint. Chapter 2 studies how informational flows arising from social connections can affect careers and promotions. It aims to achieve identification of this causal pathway by focusing on the careers of bishops in the Catholic church. The range of the data, both in time and in space, makes it possible to infer some types of social connections between bishops (based on geography and careers), which in turn allows for the identification of their effect on careers. I find that being connected to the relevant bishops has a positive and significant effect on the likelihood of promotion to a diocese. Chapter 3 investigates the transmission of human capital from one generation to the next. While the correlation of parents’ educational achievement with that of their children is strong and well documented, there is a scarcity of consensual evidence that this relationship has a causal nature. We use a French reform that increased the duration of compulsory schooling by two years as a natural experiment, providing exogenous variation in parental years of schooling, and study its effect on the children of the affected individuals. We find evidence of a strong effect of paternal education on the educational achievement of children. Research on employer learning has concentrated on contexts where there is uncertainty only on either the general or the match-specific human capital of the worker. Chapter 4 develops a model where general and specific human capital coexist, and the uncertainty is on their respective shares in total productivity. The model generates predictions on a number of dimensions, e.g. declining worker mobility with experience and increase in wage variance over the lifetime.
2
Ohnsorge, Franziska. "Self-selection, labour markets and capital markets". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63648.pdf.
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Amorosi, Gabriele. "Three essays on distribution, capital and labour markets". Thesis, University of Kent, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633520.
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This thesis provides an empirical analysis of the following three economic issues: (i) the relationship between financial markets deepening and income inequality; (ii) the . association of consumption insurance with the distribution of income and consumption; and (iii) the effects of women's education on husbands' income and labour market participation. The first issue is addressed in chapter two, where I employ a cross-sectional empirical analysis of a number of countries. The peculiarity here is the use of "new" financial market variables that proxy for access to financial services and for credit constraints. Estimation results show negative and significant regression coefficients for both variables. If this outcome is expected for the indicator of access, it is not for th~ other one. I speculate this is due the fact that the underlying indicator affects only the richer. The second issue is analysed in chapter three. Here a mixture of normal distributions to is used to model UK's household income data in a semi-parametric way; the model's fitting looks reasonably good. This approach is also used to simulate the distribution of consumption under the extreme hypotheses of full smoothing and no smoothing, which are, in turn, compared with actual consumption. Results show a sizable degree of smoothing across household.
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Золотова, Світлана Григорівна, Светлана Григорьевна Золотова, Svitlana Hryhorivna Zolotova i L. Kovalenko. "Human capital as a form of labour potential". Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/22578.
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Custers, Petrus Joseph Johannes Maria. "Capital accumulation and women's labour in Asian economies /". [Nijmegen] : Derde Wereld centrum, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37491524h.
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Lai, Yiu-man, i 黎耀民. "An analysis of labour, capital and government with reference to the labour importation policy". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964527.
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Atkinson, Anne. "Chinese labour and capital in Western Australia, 1847-1947". Thesis, Atkinson, Anne (1991) Chinese labour and capital in Western Australia, 1847-1947. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1991. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/5068/.
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Prior to the 1970s historical writing on Chinese immigration and settlement in Australia presented Chinese as passive participants in a white economy. Since the 1970s, writers have changed this perspective and seen Chinese as active participants in the Australian economy. They have achieved this by exploring the economic, social and political relationships of groups within Chinese communities. This thesis examines the establishment, survival and decline of Chinese labour and capital in Western Australia between 1847 and 1947, investigating the economic, social and political relationships of capital and labour both within the Chinese community and between Chinese and white society.
Chinese indentured labour was recruited to serve as a docile, cheap and plentiful labour force for the pastoral, agricultural and pearling industries in the second half of the nineteenth century. Chinese labourers and domestic servants were subjected to official and unofficial controls aimed at creating and preserving a cheap and submissive labour force. This thesis argues that, far from passively accepting this imposed status, Chinese negotiated their position, utilizing strategies ranging from overt resistance to acceptance.
While controls over Chinese indentured labour were designed to maximise productivity, those introduced to govern `free' Chinese immigrants were aimed at limiting productivity. Between 1886 and 1920, legislated restrictions limited the participation of `free' Chinese in the Western Australian economy and confined Chinese business to specific industries which posed the least threat to white labour and capital: market gardening, furniture manufacturing, retail and wholesale trading and laundrywork. Chinese firms were small and labour intensive, and used low level technology. They were generally managed by owner/operators and were characterised by personalised labour relations and minimal division of labour.
Chinese firms were able to survive because they dominated their particular industry or specialist areas within it. They achieved this through adapting traditional skills to suit local conditions. The organisation of labour and personalised managerial practices helped firms retain staff, minimise costs and maximise productivity.
Chinese were active in their responses to controls and restrictions and met with some success, especially with State legislation. However, like Chinese in other States, they were unable to exert any influence over the Commonwealth government's Immigration Restriction Act, 1901. This Act resulted in severe labour shortages in Chinese-owned businesses which made it very difficult for them to continue operating. Without fresh supplies of labour to maintain production in labour intensive industries, it was inevitable that Chinese enterprise would lose its effectiveness in the sectors it was once dominant.
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Siemiatycki, Elliot. "Consumption city : precarious labour and capital in Vancouver, British Columbia". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44557.
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Vancouver is increasingly being recognized as a model of urban development in the 21st century. While much of the attention paid to Vancouver has focused on ‘Vancouverism’ as an urban planning and design approach that encourages high-density, amenity-rich, mixed-use development to reenergize urban cores, this dissertation examines the exceptional economic development trajectory underlying Metro Vancouver’s urban transformation since the early 1980s. The central claim in this research is that changes to the built form of the city over the past three decades represent a fundamental shift in the orientation of the local economy away from export-oriented resource activity and business services towards local consumption in real estate and tourism which is driven by inward international investment and immigration. The single most important outcome of this largely unplanned shift in urban economic development has been the unprecedented increases in local housing prices. Instead of a healthy ‘diversified’ economy, this reorientation of Vancouver as a consumption city has created a dysfunctional ‘hybrid’ economy characterized by significant job losses in key local economic sectors, below average levels of productivity and exports, and relatively low incomes. Through a set of comparative sectoral case studies exploring food and beverage services, legal services and digital media services, this dissertation seeks to understand what impact the rise of Vancouver as a consumption city has had on local workers and firms. This research complicates a variety of conceptual frameworks used by human geographers such as precarious employment, global and creative cities, firm competitiveness, and entrepreneurial governance. Above all, the many paradoxes of Vancouver’s contemporary economic development trajectory are exposed in the words of local workers, firms, commentators and industry experts: Vancouver is simultaneously the most livable and unaffordable city in the world; Vancouver is a leading creative city in which creative firms and workers alike struggle under conditions of precariousness; Vancouver is mythologized as a healthy, sustainable, lifestyle city while these very qualities often must be sacrificed by working Vancouver residents. Tracing the underlying story and challenges of Vancouver’s emergence as a global consumption city provides important insights into 21st century urban development.
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Taylor, Peter Forbes. "Popular politics and labour-capital relations in Bolton, 1825-1850". Thesis, Lancaster University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315543.
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Lunn, J. R. "Capital and labour on the Rhodesian railway system, 1890-1939". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234440.
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Knox, E. "Between capital and labour : The petite bourgeoisie in Victorian Edinburgh". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372969.
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Silva, Joana. "Globalisation and labour market adjustment: the role of human capital". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444641.
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Sharma, Anisha. "Essays on the allocation of labour and capital in Indonesia". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:28a660e8-a87f-420f-9b09-16000a22281a.
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This dissertation comprises three essays on the allocation of labour and capital in a large developing country, Indonesia. In the first essay, I examine the impact of the 1998 East Asian recession on child schooling outcomes in Indonesia. Using panel data on 7-15 year-olds, I exploit the heterogeneous impact of the recession across urban communities as measured by the variation in rice price increases, under the assumption that communities where rice prices increased the most were those where real wages declined the most. I find that for the youngest children (aged 7-12 years) there is a large negative impact of higher rice prices on school attendance and no effect on labour market participation. For older children (aged 13-15 years), schooling enrolment does not respond to rice prices but labour market participation declines sharply in the worst-hit communities. I find no evidence of adverse long-term consequences on human capital formation. In the second essay, I test the hypothesis that there exists a significant earnings differential between similar workers in the formal and informal sectors. Using panel data on salaried and self-employed individuals, I find that after controlling for firm size and individual-specific heterogeneity, there is no formal sector earnings premium, except in the public sector. The results are robust to the presence of unpaid family workers, measurement error, and non-random attrition in the survey. This questions the commonly held belief that labour markets in developing countries are segmented because of legal institutions that protect high formal sector earnings. In the third essay, I estimate the effect of a large exchange rate depreciation on the performance of importers. The ability to manage volatility in the cost of imported inputs is likely to depend on a firm's access to external sources of finance as well its ability to hedge against exchange rate movements. Using data from a census on Indonesian firms, I find that while domestic importers face lower value-added due to a rise in their costs of production, foreign-owned importers fare better: they are more likely to sustain higher value-added, hire more labour and use more materials than domestic owned firms. This suggests another channel through which FDI can add value to a firm in a developing country, particularly with the increasing importance of trade in intermediate goods.
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Haynes, Matthew O. "The role of education in the labour market : an empirical analysis". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1997. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19405.
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It is generally accepted that a more educated workforce can provide more economic growth. However, the extent to which personal benefits outweigh the social benefits of higher education has become not only an economic issue, but also a political issue. Voicing screening sympathies, Chancellor Kenneth Clarke asked 'why should bus drivers pay for the education of lawyers?' when cutting student grants in 1993 [The Economist 22/4/95]. The screening theories of the 1970's posited that, in some circumstances, if higher education was only signalling and not improving a person's ability, then society may be better off without higher education. A less extreme view is that some component of education acts solely as a signal and is socially worthless. There has been relatively little attention paid to testing the role of education in the labour market of the United Kingdom and Italy. One reason may be the shortage of suitable data sets available for such tests. This Thesis utilises UK and Italian data sets and aims to redress some of the imbalance in empirical work which tends to centre on data from United States. It is important to test the educational screening hypothesis in the context both of revisions in UK government policy towards the funding of higher education and the aim of convergence of labour market conditions within the European Union. The key objective of this Thesis is to investigate the role of education in the determination of wage rates for full-time work in the UK and Italy. The empirical analysis generally supports the hypothesis that education has both a screening and a productivity augmenting role.
15
Morrell, Peter. "Capital productivity and investment : their role in profitable airline operations". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2003. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7885.
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The aim of the research was to develop and apply improved measures of capital productivity using published airline data, and to evaluate the role of capital investment and productivity in overall airline performance. As well as contributing to total factor productivity, capital productivity is a partial measure, and the investment upon which it is based should improve the productivity of other inputs to the production process, in particular labour and fuel.
Productivity ratios require outputs and inputs to be combined and indexed. Index numbers have been developed using weights that are consistent with the underlying economic theory, and also meet various tests (such as reversal and products). Airline passenger, cargo and incidentals were combined using a number of such index number approaches. Capital inputs were estimated using annual lease equivalents which when discounted to the present over the expected future economic lives of the assets resulted gave either balance sheet values adjusted to a common year’s prices, or the total of the market values of individual assets (aircraft).
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COTTINI, ELENA. "Human Capital Accumulation and the Labour Market: Applications Using Evaluation Methods". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/112.
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Human capital accumulation and its effect on labour market outcomes have been in the focus of economic research for decades. Traditionally the economic literature suggests that there might exist several forms of human capital, where human capital represents the knowledge, skills and health embodied in individuals. Skills and knowledge are largely acquired through education and experience but may also reflect, in part, innate abilities. In addition, some aspects of motivation and behaviour, as well as attributes such as the physical, emotional and mental health of individuals are also considered as human capital. These activities are referred to as human capital because people cannot be separated from their knowledge, skills and health, in the way they are separated from their physical and capital assets. Human capital accumulation is an important determinant of individuals' earning capacity and employment prospects, therefore plays an important role in determining the level and distribution of income in society. Moreover, the costs of these investments include direct outlays on market goods and the opportunity cost of the time that must be withdrawn from competing uses. Apart from direct investments in human capital people could also invest in constructing a network of relationships for example to find a job. Until now all these aspects have been studied separately, in this thesis I try to reconcile them.
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Jewell, Sarah. "Human capital acquisition and labour market outcome in UK higher education". Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494790.
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In recent decades participation in higher education in the UK has increased but at the same time students increasingly faced a greater burden of the costs. With the government keen to increase participation it is important to understand the costs and benefits of higher education for the individual student. This thesis is a microeconomic study investigating formal and informal human capital acquisition in UK higher education and the subsequent labour market outcomes, stemming from the human capital theory developed in the 1960s. The research is based on the 2006 and 2007 University of Reading graduate cohorts (4,577 observations) using data collected from the University of Reading student database and the Destinations of Leavers in Higher Education survey, with further data collected on 678 graduates through an employment survey. Our analysis incorporates a variety of econometric methods. including discrete choice modelling, and used a broader range of socio-economic background variables, including parents' income and education than previous studies.
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Mawson, Daniel. "Endogenous growth, human capital and the structure of the labour market". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247509.
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Kerr, Andrew Nicholas. "Human capital, informality and labour market outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d5ef74f9-8fc0-45ff-9c30-b15de04b4e25.
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In this thesis I explore three topics in labour economics, using micro data from South Africa and Tanzania. South Africa suffers from extremely high income inequality, in part as a result of comprehensive Apartheid-era racial discrimination. The first topic explores possible explanations for the extremely large earnings differences across different types of employment for black South Africans, using the KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics Study data. I analyse the relative importance of individual ability and institutions, including public sector wage setting and trade unions, in determining earnings. My results suggest that human capital explains much of the earnings differentials within the private sector, including union premiums, but cannot explain the large premiums for public sector workers. Self-employment is very common in urban Tanzania but, unlike South Africa, survey data show that there are large overlaps in the distribution of earnings in private wage employment and self-employment. This suggests that self-employment represents a viable alternative to wage employment in small, low productivity firms for the majority of urban Tanzanians. In chapter three I build an equilibrium search model of the urban Tanzanian labour market to explain the choice of wage and self-employment and the variation in earnings across and within these sectors. In the final topic I explore the effect of education on earnings in Tanzania. Estimating the returns to education has stimulated much recent work in applied econometrics as researchers advance their understanding of the effect of individual heterogeneity on the possibility of estimating the returns to education. In my attempt to purge estimates of the return to education of the influence of individual heterogeneity, I use an education reform in Tanzania as a natural experiment that provides exogenous variation in education. When using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) I find high and strongly convex, increasing returns to education. My best attempt at separating out the effect of individual heterogeneity suggests that returns are still high but that they may actually be concave.
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Connolly, Mark. "Capital and culture : an investigation into New Labour cultural policy and the European Capital of Culture 2008". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2007. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55756/.
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This thesis is an investigation into the relationship between culture in New Labour policy and within the competition for the European Capital of Culture 2008. The study interrogates a policy paradigm which it identifies as a 'creative city/urban planning' approach to urban regeneration. It locates this approach within a wider New Labour 'Third Way' politics, in that it attempts to reconcile economic instrumentalism with a rhetorical commitment to a politics of the social. Based on elite interviews and documentary analysis, this thesis argues that this approach to urban regeneration draws on a misappropriation of the work of cultural theorist Raymond Williams. It demonstrates how this misappropriation results in an unbounded anthropological definition, whereby culture colonises all areas of economic and social life. Within this template, culture becomes a surrogate economic and social policy. This is illustrated in the case-study of Liverpool's bidding for, winning of and plans for Capital of Culture 2008. This analysis shows how culture without parameters is usurped within both a neo-liberal economic agenda, and a policy template which recasts social inequality as a personal cultural deficit. Within Liverpool's urban strategy, culture is conceived as a social and economic panacea. However, when culture comes to mean everything, it invariably means nothing. This thesis attempts to put Raymond Williams' 'vague and baggy monster' back in its theoretical cage.
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Korczynski, Marek. "Capital, labour and economic performance in the engineering construction industry : 1960-1990". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1993. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2470/.
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This study engages with the debates on industrial relations and economic performance at the micro-level. Primarily; this issue has been addressed through the production function approach which seeks to correlate a variable for unionisation with an economic performance measure. Criticisms are put forward which stress the technical limitations of existing studies, the limitations of statistical studies in examining social processes, and theoretical problems with the production function approach. The literature recognises the need for a detailed, processual case study. The thesis is such a case study, examining the Engineering Construction Industry, i. e. the building of large power stations and process plants, from 1960 to 1990. The principal research methods were archive work and interviewing. The industry was chosen because it constituted a 'crucial' case for the argument that labour militancy underlay the UK's poor economic performance in the 1960s and 1970s. The industry was characterised by widespread militancy and large project overruns, the assumption (tested within the thesis) being that the former caused the latter. The key finding is that the chronic project delays were at root due to the opportunistic practices of contractors who deliberately and covertly delayed construction in order to force the client into offering extra payments. A key profit focus of contractors lay in exploiting opportunities to generate additional payments. The widespread militancy of the 1960s and 1970s exacerbated overruns, but the key significance of militancy was that it was used as a tool by contractors in reproducing beneficial commercial relations with clients. The improvement in performance in the 1980s was at root due to the rise of managing contractors who curbed opportunism. Unconstrained by high levels of labour militancy, managing contractors adopted a low trust route to improve project performance, implying that the basis for longer term development has not been laid. A 'crucial' case study of the British worker argument has rejected the thesis that militancy underlay poor performance. The relationship between opportunism, militancy and poor performance uncovered within the study potentially has relevance for other important sectors of the UK economy.
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Nanos, Panagiotis. "Labour market institutions, the distribution of wages, and investment in human capital". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540166.
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Martins, Diogo Miguel Gomes. "Do labour market reforms pay off? Unemployment and capital accumulation in Portugal". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12572.
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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e FinanceiraEsta dissertação tem como propósito o estudo da relação de longo-prazo entre o desemprego, a acumulação de capital e as variáveis do mercado de trabalho em Portugal, entre o 1º trimestre de 1985 e o 4º trimestre de 2013. É utilizado o modelo ARDL-Bounds Test para realizar a estimação econométrica. A evidência encontrada sugere que a acumulação de capital foi o principal determinante da taxa de desemprego de longo-prazo (NAIRU), ao passo que as variáveis do mercado de trabalho têm um poder explicativo residual ou inexistente. Estes resultados sugerem que a NAIRU é endógena em relação à acumulação de capital. Com efeito, conclui-se que as reformas no mercado de trabalho propostas pela Troika foram inadequadas para o caso português, uma vez que foram baseadas num enquadramento teórico (a teoria da NAIRU exógena) não representativo do mercado de trabalho desse país.
The aim of this dissertation is to study the long-run relationship between unemployment, capital accumulation and labour market variables in Portugal for the 1985Q1-2013Q4 period. We use an ARDL-bounds test model to perform the econometric estimation. We find evidence that capital accumulation has been the main driver of long-run unemployment (NAIRU), whilst labour market variables have played either a negligible or an existent explicative role. It suggests that Portuguese NAIRU is endogenous relative to capital accumulation. Consequently, we conclude that the labour market reforms proposed by Troika were inadequate to the Portuguese case as they were based upon a theoretical framework (exogenous NAIRU model) that was not representative of the Portuguese labour market.
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Mitkova, Mariya Valeriy [Verfasser]. "Essays on Human Capital, Productivity and Labour Market Flows / Mariya Valeriy Mitkova". Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221718959/34.
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Jirasavetakul, La-Bhus. "Essays in labour economics : Thailand's labour market adjustment during the structural transformation process". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:73e151f9-f38a-45af-9cda-a4e759162b39.
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I examine the importance of human capital for economic development in Thailand during the period of high economic growth and structural transformation (1985-2000), using labour force survey data. The three main chapters attempt to estimate the effects of education, as a measure of human capital, on three major outcomes in the Thai labour market, namely (i) earnings; (ii) sector of employment; and (iii) earnings inequality. I address the endogeneity problem of education using an education policy shift—the change in the compulsory schooling law—that produces exogenous variation in education. The three main chapters adopt distinct modelling frameworks. The details of each of the main chapters are as follows. The third chapter investigates how education increases earnings and the probability of being in the non-agricultural sector. As the education policy shift influences educational attainment in a discontinuous way, a regression discontinuity (RD) framework is adopted to identify the average returns to education and the effect of education on the sector of employment. It is important to emphasise that the RD technique constrains the effects of education on the two outcomes to be linear and to be applicable only to sub-populations. My results confirm significant effects of education on both earnings and the sectoral sorting process. In addition, there are heterogeneous effects of education by gender. The fourth chapter is an extension of the previous chapter. I allow the returns to education to be heterogeneous across education levels and sectors of employment, while attempting to estimate the returns for the entire population. I use a control function (CF) approach and a double selection correction to estimate the sectoral earnings process, while jointly accounting for the choice of education and the selection into sectors and paid employment. I find that the returns to education are non-linear and higher in the non-agricultural sector especially for medium and highly educated workers. This suggests that human capital plays a crucial role in facilitating a structural transformation towards the non-agricultural sector. In the final chapter, I study how the increased primary education completion rate affects earnings inequality. While there exists a burgeoning literature on the average returns to education, less attention has been devoted to estimating the effects of education on the distribution of earnings. I identify the effects of primary education completion on earnings at different points of the distribution, and thus earnings inequality, using a recently developed approach, called regression discontinuity distributional treatment effects. My results suggest that the increased primary education completion rate reduces earnings inequality as the returns to primary education are larger for the poor than the rich.
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Persdotter, Johanna. "Migration - A Question of Origin and Human Capital". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för livsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-11946.
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The study describes the labour conditions for migrants in Sweden and aims at examining who is to benefit from increased labour migration. The qualitative method with a literature review is complemented with an interview in order to incorporate undocumented migrants’ perspective. Labour migration is discussed with the possible progress towards circular migration and thereafter incorporated in analyse with the dual labour market theory. The results show that it is foremost Swedes and migrants from inside the EU/EEA region that benefit from labour migration while migrants from outside the region will have to follow employers’ needs. This has lead to labour permits in low wage sectors were migrants supplement to structural inflation. The demand for cheap labour has also led to the exploitation of undocumented migrants who are paid starvation salaries. If these services are increasingly requested, serious employers might find it difficult to stand against decreasing minimum salaries and the welfare will decrease for more groups of employers. Meanwhile, changing demography is predicted to necessitate increased migration to sustain an economical growth in Sweden. This would also suggest that Sweden receives the main benefit from increased labour migration.
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Park, Kwangwoo. "Migration and integration in borderless village : social capital among Indonesian migrant workers in South Korea". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/50485/.
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Existing research (Guarnizo et al. 2003; Portes, 2001; Cohen and Sirkeci, 2005) has endeavoured to clarify the relationship between migrants' transnational activities and their integration into the host society. Although there are both positive and negative perspectives on this relationship, it remains unclear whether migrants' transnational activities are likely to help or hinder their integration into the host society (Vertovec, 2009). This thesis uses the lens of social capital and diaspora identity to shed light on the relationship between Indonesian migrants' transnational activities and their integration in a multi-ethnic town in South Korea. The influx of migrants from various countries has led to the creation of what is called ‘Borderless Village', where people have opportunities to build intercultural connections beyond their national group. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with a group of Indonesian migrants, which themselves show social disjunctions in terms of region of origin, language, religious belief and cultural practices, this thesis examines the integration patterns of Indonesian immigrant groups in this town. In terms of whether transnational activities help or hinder integration in South Korea, I argue that both realities co-exist, and that the status of Wongok-Dong as a migrant enclave and the internally divided nature of the Indonesian migrant group itself are key factors in this regard. Indonesian migrants achieve integration among themselves by performing economic and socio-cultural transnational activities, thereby transcending divisions within the group. Although there are differences in terms of their capacity to conduct transnational activities that are shaped by each Indonesian immigrants' different types of social capital, they are able perform transnational activities through creating and utilising ‘hidden social capital'. This is generated when Indonesian migrants strategically reveal one of their identities, such as Indonesian, Muslim or other positions, rather than emphasising their regional origin in Indonesia to achieve their objectives such as pursuing economic profits, saving face and maintaining livelihood. Through mobilising these additional identities, most Indonesians can access resources that enable them to perform transnational activities – making international phone calls, occupying cultural spaces, participating in national celebrations – beyond their regional affiliations. In this regard, Indonesian migrants integrate into Wongok-Dong by performing transnational activities due to the features of the town as a migrant enclave. However, they are isolated from mainstream Korean society, as they only achieve integration into the multiethnic space of Wongok-Dong. Thus, this research adds crucial dimensions to theories of the relationship between migrants' transnational activities and integration into their host society through redefining both the features of the diaspora group and the role of social capital.
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Argaw, Bethlehem Asres [Verfasser]. "Four empirical essays on human capital and labour market outcomes / Bethlehem Asres Argaw". Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2017. http://d-nb.info/1150309164/34.
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Dewees, Peter A. "The impact of capital and labour availability on smallholder tree growing in Kenya". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:52a3c258-afb6-40b2-9cae-11bbf9fbefd1.
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Smallholder tree cultivation and management is a common form of land-use in high potential areas of Kenya. Some practices, such as the planting of trees on field boundaries are strongly rooted in customary notions of land and tree tenure. Others, such as the planting of black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) woodlots, are more recent innovations, introduced to produce commodities for domestic and export markets. This thesis explores the historic, cultural, and economic dimensions of tree growing in Kenya, using archival and ethnographic data, land-use surveys, and results from a survey of 123 households in the upper coffee/lower tea zone of Murang'a District. The household survey was designed to explore the hypothesis that tree growing complements formal employment as a strategy for overcoming poorly operating factor markets and helps to ease land-use constraints imposed by labour migration. Tree planting is favored because of its low capital and recurrent costs and when farmers are unable to plant other more resource-intensive crops. The survey focused on households which currently maintain a black wattle woodlot and on households which operate parcels which were used for growing black wattle in 1967, but which have since been cleared and are being used for growing something else. The survey showed that woodlot growing households operate larger parcels, are older, support fewer residents, and have more non-resident relatives than other households in the survey. Woodlot growing parcels are also at a lower altitude and are more steeply sloping than other parcels. Patterns of resource allocation suggest that woodlot growing households are more risk averse. Logistic regression (logit) modeling explored causal relationships, suggesting woodlots are indeed more likely to be established as households age and as labour becomes scarce, and that woodlot clearance takes place when labour is more available to cultivate the holding.
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Yates, Edward. "Capital accumulation and young workers : a local labour market study of Greater Manchester". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/43048.
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This thesis examines structural factors affecting the work and employment conditions of young workers aged 16-24 through a local labour market study of Greater Manchester. It aims to understand worsening labour market circumstances of young workers, chiefly: limited employment opportunities, low-wages, job deskilling, workplace intensification, and punitive regulation of labour markets. The thesis draws on research from global political economy and industrial relations to connect the labour market outcomes of young workers with global processes of capital accumulation. A Marxist theoretical approach and accompanying methodology are used to articulate how abstract concepts including capital, labour, class and the state can be empirically grounded and analysed. This approach allows for a detailed understanding of how capitalist accumulation shapes working conditions. The thesis is guided by three research questions which examine: the position of young workers in relation to global labour markets, the relationship between the local state and young workers, and the relationship between local employers and young workers. Data were collected from several sources: semi-structured interviews with 33 labour market actors, policy documents, economic reports from local state institutions and local employers, and other secondary data sources such as survey data and government reports. The thesis makes several contributions to the knowledge base. It challenges essentialist and inter-generational explanations of young workers which explain poor working conditions flowing from youthfulness itself. Instead, the thesis historically situates young workers in industrial shifts which have taken place since the 1970s, notably the decline of manufacturing and the growth of the service sector. The employment conditions across the latter sector are found to be reliant on the generation of surplus value in absolute rather than relative terms, to the detriment of young workers. The research finds that these shifts have been exacerbated by neoliberal governance strategies which increase the structural power of capital relative to labour. The research finds there are limits to improving the conditions of young workers through social democratic strategies due to the fundamentally contradictory nature of capitalist accumulation and the inability to organise in and against the market.
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Metz, Ejoel. "The impact of modern capital on skill allocation in the European Labour Market". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76041.
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This paper deals with the impact of "modern" capital on skill allocation in the European Union (EU) Labour Market for a period from 1996 to 2016. Applying a First-difference methodology on a panel data at the country level from Eurostat, the study finds out that as "modern" capital increases by 1%, low-skill employment decreases by -0.1%. However, the introduction of new technologies does not affect middle-skill and high-skill employment. Furthermore, "modern" capital/technology does not exhibit any statistically significant impact on working hours, suggesting that the former may affect employment at the extensive margin. The results are in line with Autor et al. (2003) and we may reject the hypothesis of Job Polarisation.
32
Law, Alex. "Dimensions of restructuring : state, capital and labour in the defence industry in Scotland". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21351.
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This thesis examines changing relations in the defence industry. The defence industry is peculiar in important respects, not least because of the central role of the state in shaping the structure of the industry. During the Cold War excess capacity was preserved intact to meet state demands for armament technology and the defence industry was protected from more the more general decline of manufacturing in Britain. With attempts to restructure the arms complex in Britain, the disturbance of decades of structural stasis allowed a study of industrial change in concentrated form. A leading edge military electronics firm, Ferranti (now GEC-Marconi) and a naval repair yard, Rosyth dockyard (now Babcock Rosyth Defence), were studied to understand the precise forms industrial change took and its historically contingent nature. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key sectors within the firms and primary and secondary documentary sources consulted. The first part of the thesis sets out the general field of study, considering general questions of restructuring and the nature of the defence industry. The historical pattern of defence industry in Scotland is also discussed. Traditional warshipbuilding was joined by advanced electronics capacity during the Cold War when Scotland became a strategic location for military support and production activities. Part Two contains the case study material. The historical development of each firm in its external relation to the state and internal workplace relations is set out. Experiences of restructuring are considered next, taking into account the impact of privatisation, marketisation and changing products markets. Changing contours of the workforce and worker resistance to and compliance with restructuring is discussed. Part three then interprets the case studies within a wider Marxist political economy.
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Roberts, Ian Paul. "A question of construction : capital and labour in Wearside shipbuilding since the 1930's". Thesis, Durham University, 1988. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6404/.
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Empirically the central problematics addressed in this study are twofold. Firstly, an account was sought to explain the apparent retention of control over the division of labour by workers in the 1930's, and their apparent loss of this control in the 1980's. Secondly, the view of the British Shipbuilding Industry presented by those working within the labour process tradition is questioned. Such work, claiming general applicability, was often partial in its geographical focus, upon the Clyde and Tyne, and in its presentation of social action at the point of production, focusing on issues of change rather than routinisation, and on the activist account of labour within the workplace. In framing a largely non-activist account of the relationship between Capital and Labour on the wear from the 1930's to the 1980's it was important to develop an adequate theoretical framework. This task is addressed in Chapter One where the issue of the nature of structure and agency are dealt with, and an attempt is made to "unthink dualism" on the basis of a "receding ontology” of material determination. This theory is related to the labour process tradition which is demonstrated to be an unsatisfactory basis for the development of the empirical concerns. Rather, the concept of the employment relationship is shown to be a more satisfactory focus. On this basis the study looks at continuity and change within the industry and community on the Wear. Extraordinary episodes in the history of the industry, such as the employment of women during the Second World War, are detailed, as well as the more routine aspects of work in a shipyard. In relating these aspects to the wider community the debate engages with general accounts of the nature of the working class. The importance of a "cultural” perspective is developed throughout the work and control is seen to depend not only upon strategies of capital and labour, but also upon the development of moral legitimacy within relations of dominance and subordination.
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Chemla, Gilles. "Essays on the theory of the firm : interactions between capital, product and labour markets". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2853/.
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This thesis examines some strategic interactions between financial, labour and industrial contracts signed by the manager of a firm with different stakeholders. It investigates the strategic effects of contractual or institutional arrangements when the firm faces commitment problems. The general introduction briefly surveys the relevant literatures on the methodology, modern theories of the firm, commitment problems and interactions between markets through the firm. The second chapter focusses on interactions between labour markets and the market for corporate control. It argues that the possibility of takeovers may affect the economic consequences of union power in wage negotiations: while union power increases wage flexibility and the firm's capacity to invest in the absence of takeovers, it decreases them when takeovers are allowed. Various takeover defence mechanisms are compared. The third chapter analyzes the impact of competition among downstream firms on a supplier's investment and on her incentive to vertically integrate. Tougher competition decreases the downstream industry profit, but improves the supplier's negotiation position. In particular, the supplier is better off encouraging competition when the downstream firms have high bargaining power. We analyze the interactions between downstream competition and vertical integration. The fourth chapter (joint with Dr. Antoine Faure-Grimaud, LSE) analyzes the financing decisions of a monopolist facing a buyer whose valuation is private information. It develops the idea that a high level of (renegotiable) debt, by increasing the scope for liquidation, may induce the high valuation buyer to buy early at a high price and thus increase the monopolist's expected profit. The benefit from the strategic use of debt increases with the durability of the good.
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Shirlow, Peter. "Foreign direct investment and labour market change : a case study of international capital investment and labour market composition within the Shannon industrial estate". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241210.
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Nyori-Nyoike, Laina. "Social Capital and Labour Market Integration : A study on young immigrants’ perceptions on the labour market and their participation in Ung i sommar". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-18615.
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Gilberto, Rafael Versolato. "O mistério do real: capital e trabalho assalariado". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-13102016-145018/.
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Atentando à discussão contemporânea sobre as formações sociais capitalistas, é de se notar que ela se apresenta como oposição binária entre, por um lado, a opinião segundo a qual o capital do século XXI é o mesmo que o do século XIX e, por outro, a opinião segundo a qual o capital do século XXI é inteiramente outro que o do século XIX. Tratada dessa maneira, a questão se mostra como unilateral. Diferentemente desse procedimento a presente pesquisa tratará da questão consoante à lógica dialética presente em O capital: crítica da economia política. Livro I: o processo de produção do capital de Karl Marx. Nessa obra, o autor demonstra que a reprodução de uma formação social é um movimento contínuo e, no caso da formação social especificamente capitalista, sua reprodução consiste na reprodução da relação capital, bem como da forma historicamente determinada do trabalho como assalariado. A presente pesquisa tem por escopo examinar na referida obra as condições e exigências desse movimento, a fim de mostrar que fenômenos supostamente misteriosos, atribuídos indevidamente a Marx como falhas de sua teoria, são, ao cabo, produto de uma compreensão insuficiente da mesma. A formação social capitalista é caracterizada por uma forma historicamente determinada de trabalho; o capital consolidado como sistema social é o sistema do trabalho assalariado. A hipótese inicial que conduziu a pesquisa foi a de que a reprodução do capital e da formação social que lhe corresponde repousa sobre a relação entre salário, dinheiro e poder. A verificação da hipótese salienta, por conseguinte, os limites e possibilidades da referida relação tanto no que diz respeito à manutenção da formação social quanto à sua alteração. A metodologia de trabalho utilizada teve por resultado uma pesquisa composta de duas partes, às quais se somam nove digressões ao final do texto em formatos de notas. Na primeira parte da presente pesquisa foi examinado o processo por meio do qual o capital vem-a-ser e se consolida socialmente como sistema. Na segunda parte o exame incidiu sobre a formação social capitalista constituída como sistema do trabalho assalariado. Por fim, as digressões dialogam com teorias contemporâneas, a fim de mostrar os limites das respostas fornecidas às questões levantadas por elas mesmas.On contemporary debates about capitalist social formations, its patent that they are presented as a binary opposition between, on one hand, the opinion by which 21st centurys capital is the same one that 19ths one, and, on the other hand, the opinion by which 21st centurys capital is completely another from 19ths one. Posed as such, the question reveals to be one-sided. Diversely, this research will approach the question according to the dialectical logic found in Karl Marxs Capital: Critique of political economy. Volume I: The process of production of capital. In this work, the author expose that the reproduction of a social formation is a continuous movement, and that, in a specifically capitalist social formation, its reproduction consists in the reproduction of both the capital relation as well as labours historically determined formed as wage labour. Our researchs scope is to examine in the mentioned work the conditions and demands of such a movement, so to demonstrate that allegedly mysterious phenomena improperly attributed to Marx as flaws in his theory are ultimately results of an insufficient understanding of that work. Capitalist social formation is characterized by a historically determined form of labour; capital is consolidated as a social system when there is a wage labour system. Our initial hypothesis on this research is that capitals and its social formations reproduction lays rests on the relation between wage, money and power. The verification of the hypothesis point out the limits and possibilities regarding the conservation as well as the alteration of the social formation. This works methodology resulted in a two-parted research, followed by nine digressions are presented as end notes. In the first part we examined the process through which capitals comes-to-be and consolidates itself as a system. In the second part the examination focused on capitalist social formation constituted as wage labour system. Finally, the digressions dialogue with contemporary theories, and in doing so aim to demonstrate the limits to the answers given to the questions posed by these very theories.
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Abboud, Endy, i Mary Beniamin. "Migration and average wages in Sweden : Immigration as a labour supply shock on the Swedish labour market from the year 2011 to 2018 across municipalities". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49256.
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With the recent influx of foreign-born individuals migrating to Sweden, this study aims to answer the question, “do high skilled foreign-born individuals relate positively to average wages in Sweden?”. We specifically observe high skilled foreign-born individuals and their contribution to the average wage across different municipalities in Sweden between the years 2011 and 2018. The method carried out in this study consisted of an empirical analysis where the significance of economic factors was interpreted in order to understand the variation in wages. The data was extracted from Statistics Sweden. The relationship of the share of highly educated foreign-born individuals has proved to be insignificant with respect to average wages in Sweden. Different theories are discussed in this paper in order to identify the key labour market outcomes due to the labour supply shock. Our findings disclose that differences in wages are present, meaning that natives and foreign-born individuals are complements in the short run
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Chen, Yunsong. "Identifying the causal effects of social capital in labour markets : estimation strategies and empirical evidence". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547734.
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This thesis contributes to the sociological literature about how social capital influences individual labour market outcomes by using and combining a constellation of identification strategies to alleviate endogeneity bias. The principal proposition of social capital theory has been that social resources embedded in social networks have significant influences on individual labour market outcomes. Although a vast amount of empirical literature has accumulated, previous sociological studies of this line have not paid enough attention to the endogeneity problem rising from various sources such as omitted variables, self-selection, sample-selection, and simultaneity bias. Unless the endogeneity problem is explicitly pointed out and well-corrected for, one cannot arrive at any convincing causal conclusions about whether social capital matters or not. Building on the existing literature, this thesis offers a systematic review in Chapter 2, paying close attention to the identification problem and empirical strategies. To identify causality under the counterfactual framework, four empirical chapters test for the effects of social capital using different identification strategies. Chapter 3 combines the instrumental variable method with the Heckman model to estimate network effects on labour market outcomes among rural-to-urban migrants in China. Chapter 4 presents evidence of the network effects on individuals' employment and income in China employing the instrumental variable method to control for the fact that friendships are not randomly formed. Using panel data and Heckman model from the former East Germany and contemporary China, Chapter 5 and Chapter 6 address the direct effects of using contacts to find jobs and the effects of contact’s prestige in labour markets under state socialism.
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Hildebrand, Denise. "Convergence, the impact of capital, race, ethnicity and gender on labour migration in South Africa". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60228.pdf.
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Danysk, Cecilia 1945. "Against the grain : accommodation to conflict in labour-capital relations in Prairie agriculture, 1880-1930". Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70225.
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Between the 1880s and the Great Depression agriculture emerged and matured as the mainstay of the prairie economy. Farm workers were essential to the developing economy and society, but their place in the rural west was ambiguous.During the pioneering period, labour shortages and accessible land gave farm workers bargaining strength in the labour market and a niche in prairie society. A cooperative working relationship and a shared ideology resulted in a lack of overt conflict between labour and capital.
But as lands were taken, farm workers faced more and more the necessity of remaining as wage labourers. Their position became institutionalized.
The First World War highlighted the conflict that was fundamental to labour-capital relations, as farm workers and farmers alike bolstered their economic positions. Labour and capital entered the post-war decade recognizing the increasing divergence of their aims. Their relationship became more overtly conflictual.
Throughout this transformation, farm workers used strategies to influence the shape and rate of change in the industry and to maintain significant control over their own working lives. They responded as members of the working class, as active agents in relationships with their employers and with capitalism.
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Adelman, Jeremy. "Frontier development : land, labour and capital on the wheatlands of Argentina and Canada, 1890-1914". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305810.
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Al, Qubaisi Omar. "ICT, human capital development and Emiratisation of the labour market in the United Arab Emirates". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2012. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/fd0f4da5-9222-131c-3d26-7a8bd6bab1b0/8/.
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The UAE's labour market policy of Emiratisation is intended to replace expatriates with local workers by imposing restrictions on the employment of expatriate workers in the public sector and enforcing the private sector to employ nationals in certain types of jobs. This policy has been focused rather narrowly on administrative jobs in the finance and oil sector, and has not addressed the newly emerging ICT sector which is a cornerstone of the government's long-term economic growth strategy. Moreover, strategies such as the Emiratisation policy and investment in the ICT sector are not currently taking place within the context of a proper analysis of labour market needs and problems. The main aim of this study is to make a significant contribution to the knowledge base from which a sustainable national human resource policy in the UAE can be developed, by exploring the current barriers to successful working environments, and by assessing how the Emiratisation policy can be redesigned to focus more on new high-growth sectors, especially the ICT sector. The study also contributes more generally to the field of knowledge about how human capital supply can be improved through policy interventions and technology implementation. Furthermore, by adopting a conceptual framework based on established labour market and social network theories, the study is expected to improve understanding of the UAE economy and potential solutions to current labour market problems, thus offering considerable practical value to UAE decision-makers and policy officials. The study employs a multi-disciplinary approach to the study of the relationship between human capital and ICT with special emphasis on harmonization. This is a mixed-methods study consisting of both quantitative and qualitative primary research data collection, as well as a review of literature. The quantitative research method used a semi-structured online questionnaire survey targeted at managers in the Oil/Gas and Banking/Finance sectors, future job-seekers (students), and other UAE labour market stakeholders and experts. This was followed up by in-depth interviews with ICT expert informants, to provide qualitative data. The results of the quantitative and qualitative components were integrated in a process of triangulation, to draw out their overall significance. The principle finding of this research is that the mismatch between the supply and demand sides of the labour market in terms of skills and expectations is the main barrier to emiratisation. High percentages of Emirati students do not enter the labour market following graduation. UAE nationals have high job and salary expectations, and mainly focus on the public sector. Employers surveyed believe that the types of skills and qualifications they need are in short supply among UAE nationals, especially in relation to managerial and professional jobs. The cultural importance of contacts makes the recruitment process inefficient on both sides. Emiratisation can be expensive for organisations, would be more sustainable if compliance were better enforced by the UAE government, and needs to be better supported by a good education/training system which prepares UAE nationals for the needs of the labour market. The study concludes by advocating a gradual shift towards the knowledge economy as a way of rebalancing the labour market, proposing potential further research on the ICT field within the UAE's private sector, with close attention to indigenization. On the demand side, more detailed nationally representative data might be collected on the skills requirements of private sector jobs in a range of sectors, so that the UAE education system can be better designed to meet the needs of the economy through human resource development.
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Rashid, Syeda Rozana. "Overseas labour migration form rural bangladesh: Livelihoods, capital and risk in two villages in Comilla". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488577.
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Over the last three decades labour migration to the Gulf and South East Asian countries has emerged as an important source of livelihood for rural Bangladeshis. Households which have a small amount of land and/or good social and kinship networks send one or more members abroad to diversify the pattem of household earnings and activities. The context is one in which men migrate abroad to work in unskilled and semi-skilled jobs and women stay back in the villages to look after the households.
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Buckley, Michelle. "Building the global Gulf city : tracing transnational geographies of capital and labour in Dubai, UAE". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.568219.
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Informed by Marxian, postcolonial and feminist perspectives on cities, finance and work and employment, this thesis interrogates the transnational capital and labour involved in the production of the built environment in Dubai, UAE since 2002. Over the past decade, the autocratic city-state has undergone an extensive and rapid transformation characterized by the launch of an array of large-scale real estate projects, which have formed a key component of the state's wider efforts to diversify, liberalize and internationalize the local economy. Beyond Dubai and the UAE, other member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) - which comprises Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and Kuwait - have pursued similar economic development agendas in which newly-internationalized and neoliberalized property markets have played an integral role. Based on fieldwork in Dubai and the state of Kerala, India, this thesis follows Dubai's recent urban development from boom to bust, exploring the roles of transnational construction workers and global capital in fuelling material and political change in the city. Specifically, I examine four distinct but interconnected facets of Dubai's political economy of urban production. These are: the significance of commodified, marketized and internationalized real estate assets to local and regional post-oil diversification strategies; the profound role played by local real estate markets in the development of Dubai' s finance and banking landscapes; the gendered, embodied and urban dimensions of migrant construction workers' labour struggles in recent years, and the impacts of the global economic crisis on construction migrants employed in the city in 2008. Together, these four analyses offer a multi-dimensional perspective on Dubai's recent growth which seeks to resituate the city in scholarly debates about capitalist urbanization, and which draws wider empirical and theoretical attention to the distinctly urban dimensions that define contemporary processes of labour rights formation, neoliberalization and political economic change across the Gulf region.
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Adesina, Jimi O. "Oil, state-capital and labour : work and work relations in the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1988. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3947/.
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This study is, above all, about the men and women whose labour form the basis of Nigeria's economy and social stability: the petroleum workers. Those we will come across here, work in perhaps the most important single enterprise in Nigeria; the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation. The study itself was inspired by (i) an attempt to understand what work and work relations mean for these people, and (ii) by my dissatisfaction with the conventional wisdom in Industrial Relations analysis; which in the past years has inspired the regulation of the working lives of these petroleum workers as much as any group of employees in Nigeria. The study is on the NNPC, with special attention to the NNPC Refinery at Warri. The work itself is divided into three main parts; Part I, which is the Introductory section, is further divided in four chapters. Chapter 1 explores the main conceptual issues of this study, explains the research methods and examines some methodological issues that derive from the fieldwork. In Chapter 2, the labour process literature is reviewed, and this forms the analytical basis for the discussions in Parts II and III, while Chapters 3 and 4 provide the background information on Nigeria and NNPC respectively. Part U examines, under four chapters, the nature of work and processes of shopfloor relations in NNPC generally, with particular emphasis on the Refinery. Chapters 5 and 6 examine the nature of work and the internal labour market, while Chapters 7 and 8 look at the specific forms of relations on the shopfloor and their implications for shopfloor struggles. In Part III, I focus on unionism in the industry and the processes of interest mediation within the NNPC. The study takes conceptual issues with the main contributions to the Labour Process debate and argues for a more studied and coherent re-assesment of Braverman's work, by recognizing its theoretical and methodological objectives. The study concludes with a re-exposition of the main conceptual issues; first by emphasizing that it is only within the framework of a rigorous conceptual redefinition of production relations that we can overcome the limitations of conventional Industrial Relations discourse. Second, and central to this, is a re-conceptualized method of theory, which enables us to understand the socio-cultural peculiarities of each national or regional context, and overcome the limited vision of liberal-pluralist industrial relations ideology. In this sense, the study places strong emphasis on Marx's method of abstraction, both as a method of different levels of abstraction, and of one-sided abstraction. The Refinery, where the bulk of the field research was done, is located in the riverine belt of southern Nigeria. Although often referred to as Warri Refinery, the plant is situated in the Ethiope local government area of Bendel State, outside Warri (see Map A). This complication is a result of the settlement pattern in this area of southern Nigeria; Warri, for instance, is surrounded by tiny pockets of settlements, each with distinct lineage/clan history and traditional political autonomy. Two of such settlements are Jeddo and Ekpan villages which share the north-western borders with Warri, but in a separate local government area. It is on the territories of these two villages that the Refinery is located, although I will continue to refer to the plant as Warri Refinery.
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Colwill, Jeremy Giles. "Capital, labour, and the State : the origins of the National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) Act 1946". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281593.
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Afrifa, Taylor Ayowa. "An economic history of the Ashanti Goldfields Corporation, 1895-2004 : land, labour, capital and enterprise". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2006. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/105/.
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No comprehensive history of the Ashanti Goldfields Corporation (AGC) has been written yet. While this doctorate thesis, due to time and word limit constraints, cannot claim to have achieved this level of completeness it does provide a major contribution towards such a comprehensive history by providing for the first time an academic account of this African-based gold mining firm from 1895 to 2004. The thesis has chronological range: from the firm's incorporation to its demise as an autonomous company. Depth of analysis is reserved for the consideration of important aspects of the four factors of production and how these resources affected the company's fortunes. The thesis will contribute to the business historiography of Africa as well as to our understanding of the history of Ghana with respect to British foreign investment and the development of the gold mining industry. The main question under investigation is how the Ashanti Goldfields Corporation managed to survive for so long: how the company evolved, what accounted for its longevity, and what assessment can be made of its business performance over time. It is found that AGC's business performance in terms of output experienced five distinct phases: steady growth between1898 and1939, decline between1939 and 1956; strong growth between 1957 and 1974; near-terminal decline between 1975 and 1986; and rapid growth between 1987 and 2004. A different and more erratic pattern emerges on profitability notably with a sharp decline in the company's last decade of existence, contributing to its loss of independence. The firm's longevity cannot solely be explained by the geological uniqueness of the Ashanti mines, although this gave the firm a critical advantage. In the face of challenging political and economic changes, managerial decisions and the manner in which the factors of production were employed help us to understand the firm's successes and failures.
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Van, Sittert Lance. "Labour, capital and the state in the St. Helena Bay fisheries c.1856 - c.1956". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21708.
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This thesis deals with the history of the St Helena Bay inshore fisheries, 1856-1956. Fishing has long been neglected by social and economic historians and the myths propagated by company and popular writers still hold sway. The thesis challenges these by situating commercial fishing at St Helena Bay in the context of changing regional, national and international economies and showing how it was shaped and conditioned by the struggle for ownership of the marine resource between labour and capital, mediated by the state. The thesis is organised chronologically into three epochs. In each the focus moves from macro to micro, tracing the processes of class formation, capital accumulation and state intervention. The first epoch (c.1856-c.1914) examines the merchant fisheries, the second (c.1914-c.1939) the crayfish canning industry and the third ( c.1939-c.195) secondary industrialisation. It is argued that the common property nature of the marine resource and non-identity between labour and production time in fishing created obstacles to capitalist production, discouraging investment and allowing petty-commodity production to flourish. The latter mediated the vagaries of production through a share system of co-adventuring which enabled owners to avoid paying a fixed wage. This system's impact on the nature and consciousness of fishing labour is examined as is its vulnerability to capture by other capitals through insecure land tenure and credit. Fishing capital, in both its merchant and productive guises was dependent on articulation with petty-commodity production to provide it with commodities or raw material and bear the cost of reproducing labour. Articulation was hampered at St Helena Bay both by the persistence of merchant capital and the rent and labour interests of Sandveld agriculture. The origins and effect of this situation on the fisheries is detailed and discussed, highlighting the importance of agricultural capital's political influence with the colonial and provincial state in blocking or subverting the development of productive capital. The advent of the interventionist central state in the 1930s undermined merchant and farmer dominance of the fisheries and cleared the way for the articulation of petty-commodity primary production with secondary industry during and after the Second World War. This articulation was facilitated by the central state restricting access to the marine · resource and investing heavily in marine research and infrastructure to roll-back the natural constraints on fishing and create the conditions for the establishment of a stable capitalist production regime.
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Ghaly, Mohamed. "Essays on the interplay between finance and labour". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/essays-on-the-interplay-between-finance-and-labour(26d96d6d-1847-4cec-b4d7-80f50abdf5e2).html.
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This thesis is an effort to advance our knowledge and understanding of the role that labor plays in shaping corporate financial policies and how it is in turn affected by considerations related to firms' financing. I present three essays on the interaction between finance and labor. First, I provide two examples of how labor affects financial decisions, in which I investigate the impacts that commitment to employee welfare and reliance on skilled labor have on cash management policies. Next, I examine the effect of ownership structure on labor investment decisions as an example of how finance affects human capital. In the first essay, I examine the relation between employee welfare practices and corporate cash holdings. Consistent with the predictions of the stakeholder theory, I find firms that are strongly committed to employee welfare, measured by ratings on employee relations, to hold more cash. The effect of employee welfare standards on cash holdings is stronger for firms in human-capital-intensive, competitive, and low turnover industries in which employees are more important to their businesses. The findings highlight the importance of human capital and employee-friendly practices as an overlooked determinant of cash holdings and suggest that managers can use cash to signal their financial health to current and potential employees, thereby increasing their competitiveness in labor markets. The second essay examines whether a firm's dependence on skilled labor affects its cash holdings. Consistent with a precautionary motive to accumulate cash when higher labor adjustment costs slow a firm's labor demand reaction to cash flow shocks, I find robust evidence that companies with higher shares of skilled labor hold more cash. The effect of skilled labor on cash holdings is more pronounced for firms that are financially constrained, attach higher values to their human capital, operate in competitive product markets, and belong to industries characterized by high labor mobility. The findings suggest that labor heterogeneity, and in particular the skill level of workers is an important determinant of corporate cash policies. The results provide managers of firms, particularly those that are financially constrained, with insights on how to minimize their labor adjustment costs and reduce the risk of losing their valuable human capital. In my third essay, I examine whether the presence of long-term institutional investors, who typically have strong monitoring incentives, can help mitigate agency conflicts associated with firms' employment choices. I find that abnormal net hiring, measured as the absolute deviation from net hiring predicted by economic fundamentals, decreases in the presence of institutional investors with longer investment horizons. Firms dominated by long-term shareholders reduce both over-investment (over-hiring and under-firing) and under-investment in labor (under-hiring).The monitoring role of long-term investors is more pronounced for firms facing higher labor adjustment costs. These findings suggest that institutional investors play an important role in firm-level employment decisions.