Książki: „Canonical Construction”

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Subjects in constructions - canonical and non-canonical. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015.

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Polvani, Carlo Maria. Authentic interpretation in canon law: Reflections on a distinctively canonical institution. Roma: Pontificia università gregoriana, 1999.

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Particular churches and personal prelatures: A theological study of a new canonical institution. Dublin: Four Courts, 1986.

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Morrisey, Francis G. Papal and curial pronouncements: Their canonical significance in light of the Code of Canon Law. Wyd. 2. Ottawa: Faculty of Canon Law, Saint Paul University, 1995.

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Morrisey, Francis G. Papal and curial pronouncements: Their canonical significance in light of the Code of Canon Law. Wyd. 2. Ottawa: Faculty of Canon Law, Saint Paul University, 2001.

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Morrisey, Francis G. Papal and curial pronouncements: Their canonical significance in light of the 1983 Code of Canon Law. Ottawa: Faculty of Canon Law, Saint Paul University, 1992.

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Helasvuo, Marja-Liisa, i Tuomas Huumo, red. Subjects in Constructions – Canonical and Non-Canonical. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cal.16.

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Danino-Yona, Gila. Yeladot ṭovot: Havnayat yeḥasim migdariyim be-sifrut ha-yeladim ha-Yiśreʼelit ha-ḳanonit = Good Girls : the construction of gender relations in canonical Israeli children's literature. Tel Aviv: Resling, 2017.

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P, Esposito Bruno O., red. Attuali problemi di interpretazione del Codice di diritto canonico: Atti del simposio internazionale in occasione del I centenario della Facoltà di diritto canonico (Roma, 24-26 ottobre 1996). Roma: Millennium Romae, 1997.

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Berlingò, Salvatore. Giustizia e carità nell'economia della chiesa: Contributi per una teoria generale del diritto canonico. Torino: G. Giappichelli, 1991.

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Il prologo di Ivo di Chartres: Paradigmi e prospettive per la teologia e l'interpretazione del diritto canonico. Lugano (CH): Eupress FTL, 2006.

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Gruppo italiano docenti di diritto canonico. Incontro di studio. Fondazione del diritto: Tipologia e interpretazione della norma canonica : XXVII Incontro di studio, Centro Dolomiti Pio X, Borca di Cadore (BL), 26 giugno-30 giugno 2000. Milano: Glossa, 2001.

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Kalde, Franz. Authentische Interpretationen zum Codex Iuris Canonici II (1995 - 2005) sowie weitere amtliche Verlautbarungen des Päpstlichen Rates für die Gesetzestexte. Metten: Abtei-Verl., 2007.

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de, Torquemada Juan. Repertorivm in omnes commentarios Ioannis a Tvrre Cremata svper Decretvm: Postrema hac omnivm editione auctum & expurgatum : theologiae ac ivris canonici studiosis aprime vtile. Venetiis: Apud Haeredem Hieronymi Scoti, 1987.

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1933-, Lefébure Marcus, Provost James i Walf Knut, red. Canon law - Church reality. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1986.

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H, Provost James, i Walf Knut, red. Concilium 185: Canon Law - Church Reality. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1986.

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Congresso, Associazione canonistica italiana. Il diritto della Chiesa: Interpretazione e prassi : [atti del 27. Congresso nazionale di diritto canonico : Napoli-Pozzuoli, 11- 14 settembre 1995]. Città del Vaticano: Libreria editrice vaticana, 1996.

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Beyer, Jean. Comunione ecclesiale e strutture di corresponsabilità: Dal Vaticano II al nuovo Codice di diritto canonico. Roma: Editrice Pontificia università gregoriana, 1990.

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Uhrig, Peter. Subjects in English: From a Valency to a Construction Treatment of Non-Canonical Subjects. De Gruyter, Inc., 2018.

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A canonical analysis of nomine ecclesiae in the 1983 Code of canon law. 1990.

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Hu, Xuhui. Non-canonical objects, motion events, and verb/satellite-framed typology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808466.003.0007.

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Based on the Synchronic Grammaticalisation Hypothesis and the theory of the syntax of events, this chapter explores the syntactic nature of the Chinese non-canonical object construction. The object in this construction is introduced by a null P, which is incorporated into the verbal head position, and a lexical verb serves as a functional item, vDO. This account is extended to the analysis of the motion event construction in Chinese. It involves the incorporation of a P into the verbal head position filled with a vDO in the form of a lexical verb. The only difference is that this P is phonologically overt. Therefore, the [V+Path] chunk in Chinese is a single lexical item. This means that the Chinese motion event construction by nature patterns with its counterpart in verb-framed languages, a conclusion that goes against the common assumption that Chinese is a satellite-framed language.

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Conway, Colleen M. The Construction of Gender in the New Testament. Redaktor Adrian Thatcher. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199664153.013.013.

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This chapter begins with a brief overview of the theorists who have shaped gender analytical work on the New Testament, especially the application of gender theory in classical studies. It then concentrates on gender analyses on New Testament writings that demonstrate the differing approaches of masculinity studies, queer theory, and intersectional analysis. The primary focus is on gender construction in Paul’s letters and the canonical gospels, with additional discussion of symbolic and metaphorical uses of gender in other writings of the New Testament. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of future directions for gender criticism.

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Mihas, Elena. Imperatives in Ashaninka Satipo (Kampa Arawak) of Peru. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803225.003.0004.

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This chapter’s goal is to survey Ashaninka Satipo (Arawak) commanding communicative moves. It argues that imperatives form a paradigm consisting of the first person cohortative construction with the discourse particle tsame ‘come on’, second person canonical imperative construction characterized by a special intonation, and the third person jussive construction formed either with the intentional =ta on the lexical verb or on the copula kant ‘be this way’. In positive commands, the verbs are inflected for irrealis. The canonical imperative has a negative counterpart, whereas the cohortative and jussive verb forms lack them. While commanding, conversationalists tend to select specific linguistic resources which reflect their group membership status. Social equals have recourse to the same linguistic means as conversationalists in superior roles, but they also use the ‘want’ and ‘wish’ constructions and counter-assertive pronouns. The basic second person imperative forms are employed irrespective of the social status.

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Constructing Paul (the Canonical Paul, Vol. 1). Eerdmans Publishing Company, William B., 2020.

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Mombert, Sarah. From Books to Collections. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038402.003.0009.

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This chapter explores the critical edition of hybrid materials: heterogeneous documents, facsimiles, pictures, sounds, and videos. Through concise examples, it illustrates how and why different collections, although “critical,” do not attain the usual ambitions of critical editions (Greek authors, the Bible, canonical authors) but address another conception of “critical” and “edition.” The chapter examines the implications of critical projects when reconstructions of the given texts' original states are of lesser or peripheral interest. The term “critical” is used mainly to connote the construction of a context amplified through comments, intersecting links, and thematic indexation.

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Mercati, Flavio. Shape Dynamics and the Linking Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789475.003.0012.

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This chapter explains in detail the current Hamiltonian formulation of SD, and the concept of Linking Theory of which (GR) and SD are two complementary gauge-fixings. The physical degrees of freedom of SD are identified, the simple way in which it solves the problem of time and the problem of observables in quantum gravity are explained, and the solution to the problem of constructing a spacetime slab from a solution of SD (and the related definition of physical rods and clocks) is described. Furthermore, the canonical way of coupling matter to SD is introduced, together with the operational definition of four-dimensional line element as an effective background for matter fields. The chapter concludes with two ‘structural’ results obtained in the attempt of finding a construction principle for SD: the concept of ‘symmetry doubling’, related to the BRST formulation of the theory, and the idea of ‘conformogeometrodynamics regained’, that is, to derive the theory as the unique one in the extended phase space of GR that realizes the symmetry doubling idea.

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Warren, Diane, i Laura Peters, red. Rereading Orphanhood. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474464369.001.0001.

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Building on the legacy of Laura Peters’ landmark work, Orphan Texts (2000), and extending its analyses to new work in family, marriage and kinship studies, Rereading Orphanhood: Texts Inheritance, Kin explores the ways in which the figure of the literary orphan can be used to illuminate our understanding of the long nineteenth century, especially in relation to family and kinship. Contributors to this highly cohesive collection examine the shifting status of orphanhood as a cultural construction and show how much those fluctuating definitions reveal about the cultural preoccupations and anxieties of their day. Correspondingly, the sense that the orphan condition inflects the individual character’s thought processes and actions, throughout their lives, is also a recurrent trope in these chapters. Some contributors also emphasise the enduring influence of nineteenth-century conceptualisations of orphanhood and kinship, seen in, but not limited to, work on the posthuman and neo-Victorian texts. Read collectively, the chapters explore how orphan characters (both child and adult) contribute to discourses of gender, home, family, law, inheritance, class, illegitimacy, charity, notions of the human and the development of the novel, across a wide range of canonical and non-canonical texts. As Talia Schaffer notes: ‘This collection is theoretically astute and usefully varied, and will reward anyone interested in family dynamics in the literature of the nineteenth century’.

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Murakami, Kyoko. Materiality of Memory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190230814.003.0006.

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This chapter highlights the importance of materiality in memory studies with a focus on the remembrance poppy, an artifact canonical to the practice of commemoration of war and conflict in Britain. A traditional psychological approach to studying the artifact as a decontextualized subject seems to resort to a simplistic representational model of the object. When used in an art installation in a heritage site, it creates a perceptual field of experiencing the past in an extraordinary manner. This chapter argues that when studying phenomena of collective remembering, it is important to consider the interplay between discourse, materials, body, and environment as the integrated whole. The argument is underpinned by the material view of remembering along with the concept of semiotic mediation. The analysis illustrates the significance of the artifact to the ritual performance and addresses how the artifact can create a semiotic field for meaning construction.

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Rebes, Marcin, red. “I” and “Other”: In Light of Phenomenological-Hermeneutics Reflection. Ksiegarnia Akademicka Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/9788381385183.

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The book addresses one of the fundamental questions posed in both the social sciences and the humanities, namely the question of identity and the role played by the “Other” in its construction. The issues analysed in the book are also very topical. Nowadays, when as a result of a number of processes it is more and more difficult to answer the question of identity, both in the individual and collective aspect, such questions become especially actual, and answers to them are provided by particular authors in their erudite articles, referring to canonical texts for Western culture. What makes this publication particularly relevant is the fact that the discussion concerns the figure of the “Other” and its role in identity formation. Admittedly, such analyses have a long academic tradition, the issue seems particularly topical today. The contemporary world is characterised by high mobility, as a consequence of which contacts with the “Other” are now more common and everyday than ever before. Paweł Kubicki

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Keating, AnaLouise. “American” Individualism, Variations on a Theme. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037849.003.0002.

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This chapter investigates and revises conventional models of individualism and personal selfhood. Given the central roles Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau have played in constructing an “American” self and an “American” literary tradition, canonical transcendentalist texts like Emerson's “Self-Reliance” and Thoreau's Walden offer a useful point of departure for this investigation. This chapter redefines individualism—including canonical versions of individualism—in more relational terms. When we (re)read mainstream versions of “American” individualism and self-reliance through the work of contemporary U.S. women of colors, all parties are transformed: self-reliance becomes a highly democratic, relational endeavor that simultaneously extends canonical interpretations of personal freedom outward to include previously ignored groups and redefines “American individualism” by reconfiguring the relationship between personal and communal identities.

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Hu, Xuhui. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808466.003.0001.

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This chapter firstly introduces the broad theoretical background within which the research carried out in this book is situated. The theoretical aim of this book is to develop a theory of the syntax of events, which is based on the constructivist approach, in particular Borer’s (2005a,b, 2013) Exo-Skeletal (XS) model—part of the broader framework of generative grammar. The empirical scope of this book includes Chinese and English resultatives, applicative constructions, non-canonical object constructions and motion event constructions in Chinese, and the satellite/verb-framed typology. Both synchronic variation and diachronic change are studied. The organization of this book is also outlined.

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Hone, Joseph. Literature and Party Politics at the Accession of Queen Anne. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814078.001.0001.

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This book is the first detailed study of the final Stuart succession crisis. It demonstrates for the first time the centrality of debates about royal succession to the literature and political culture of the early eighteenth century. Using previously neglected, misunderstood, and newly discovered material, it shows that arguments about Anne’s right to the throne were crucial to the construction of nascent party political identities. Literary texts were the principal vehicle through which contemporaries debated the new queen’s legitimacy. This book sheds fresh light on canonical authors such as Daniel Defoe, Alexander Pope, and Joseph Addison by setting their writing alongside the work of lesser known but nonetheless important figures such as John Tutchin, William Pittis, Nahum Tate, John Dennis, Henry Sacheverell, Charles Leslie, and other anonymous and pseudonymous authors. Through close historical readings, it shows how this new generation of poets, preachers, and pamphleteers transformed older models of succession writing by Milton, Dryden, and others, and imbued conventional genres such as panegyric and satire with their own distinctive poetics. By immersing the major authors in their milieu, and reconstructing the political and material contexts in which those authors wrote, this book demonstrates the vitality of debates about royal succession in early eighteenth-century culture.

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Murray, Hannah Lauren. Liminal Whiteness in Early US Fiction. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474481731.001.0001.

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Liminal Whiteness in Early US Fiction shows that early US authors repeatedly imagined lost, challenged and negated White racial identity in the new nation. It brings together fiction and multiple discourses on White racial identity in the early US including natural history, medical science, blackface minstrelsy, abolitionism and anti-abolitionism, mesmerism and spiritualism. Moving beyond an anthropological framework of liminality and its focus on ritualised behaviour in tribal societies, this book examines liminality as both a temporary transformative experience and a permanent condition of exclusion and loss for White men in the early United States. In a Critical Whiteness reading of canonical and lesser-known texts from Charles Brockden Brown to Frank J. Webb, the book argues that White characters on the border between life and death were liminal presences that disturbed prescriptions of racial belonging in the early US. Liminal Whiteness contributes to a growing body of scholarship concerned with the cultural construction of Whiteness and citizenship in the early US, and which resonates with contemporary discussions of White cultural anxiety and fragility. Fears of losing Whiteness in the early US were routinely channelled through the language of liminality, in a precursor to today’s White anxieties of marginalisation and minoritisation.

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Hu, Xuhui. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808466.003.0008.

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This chapter summarizes the major points developed throughout the book. The theoretical points of the syntax of events proposed in Chapter 2 are listed. The conclusions on the syntax of English and Chinese resultatives, applicative constructions in various languages, and Chinese non-canonical object and motion event constructions are presented, together with the implications for the verb/satellite-framed typology. The explanation of diachronic change and cross-linguistic variation is summarized, including both the historical development of Chinese resultatives, the variation of resultatives between Chinese and English on the one hand, and English and Romance on the other hand. The Synchronic Grammaticalisation Hypothesis is also summarized.

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Moore, Robbie. Hotel Modernity. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474456654.001.0001.

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Hotel Modernity explores the impact of corporate space on the construction and texture of modern literature and film. It centres the hotel and corporate space as key sites of modern experience and culture. Examining architectural and financial records, hotel trade journals, travel journalism, advertisements and cinematic and literary representations, it charts the rise of hotel culture from 1870 to 1939. The book defines corporate space as the new urban, capital-intensive, large-scale spaces brought about by corporations during the nineteenth century, including department stores, railway stations and banking halls. Only in hotels, however, did the individual live within corporate space: sleeping in its beds and lounging in its parlours. The hotel structured intimate encounters with the impersonal and the anonymous, representing a radically new mode of experience. In chapters featuring readings of both canonical and relatively little-studied texts by Henry James, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Elizabeth Bowen, Arnold Bennett, and Henry Green, alongside films by F. W. Murnau, Segundo de Chomón, and Charlie Chaplin, Hotel Modernity considers the relationship between new kinds of spatial organisation and new forms of subjective and intersubjective life. Hotels provoked these writers and filmmakers to rethink the conventions and functions of fictional characters. This book charts the warping and decentring of the category of ‘character’ within the corporate, architectural, informatic and technological networks which come to define hotel space in this period.

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Christoff, Alicia Mireles. Novel Relations. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691193106.001.0001.

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This book engages twentieth-century post-Freudian British psychoanalysis in an unprecedented way: as literary theory. Placing the writing of figures like D. W. Winnicott, W. R. Bion, Michael and Enid Balint, Joan Riviere, Paula Heimann, and Betty Joseph in conversation with canonical Victorian fiction, the book reveals just how much object relations can teach us about how and why we read. These thinkers illustrate the ever-shifting impact our relations with others have on the psyche, and help us see how literary figures—characters, narrators, authors, and other readers—shape and structure us too. In the book, novels are charged relational fields. Closely reading novels by George Eliot and Thomas Hardy, the book shows that traditional understandings of Victorian fiction change when we fully recognize the object relations of reading. It is not by chance that British psychoanalysis illuminates underappreciated aspects of Victorian fiction so vibrantly: Victorian novels shaped modern psychoanalytic theories of psyche and relationality—including the eclipsing of empire and race in the construction of subject. Relational reading opens up both Victorian fiction and psychoanalysis to wider political and postcolonial dimensions, while prompting a closer engagement with work in such areas as critical race theory and gender and sexuality studies. The book describes the impact of literary form on readers and on twentieth- and twenty-first-century theories of the subject.

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Gisborne, Nikolas, i Andrew Hippisley, red. Defaults in Morphological Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198712329.001.0001.

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Default-based analyses of linguistic data are most prevalent in morphological descriptions because morphology is pervaded by idiosyncrasy and irregularity, and defaults allow for a representation of the facts by construing regularity not as all or nothing but as a matter of degree. Defaults manifest themselves in a variety of ways in a group of morphological theories that have received much attention in the last few years, and whose main ideas and claims have been recently consolidated as important monographs. In May 2012 a workshop was convened at the University of Kentucky in Lexington to show-case default usage in four prominent theories of morphology. The presenters were key proponents of the theories, in most cases a theory’s author. The role of defaults was outlined in Construction Morphology, Network Morphology, Paradigm Function Morphology, and Word Grammar. With reference to these theories, as well as the lexical syntactic framework of HPSG, this book addresses questions about the role of defaults in the lexicon, including: (1) Does a defaults-based account of language have implications for the architecture of the grammar, particularly the proposal that morphology is an autonomous component? (2) How does a default differ from the canonical or prototypical in morphology? (3) Do defaults have a psychological basis? (4) How do defaults help us understand language as a sign-based system that is flawed, where the one to one association of form and meaning breaks down in the morphology?

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Aissen, Judith. Correlates of Ergativity in Mayan. Redaktorzy Jessica Coon, Diane Massam i Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.30.

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Since all Mayan languages are morphologically ergative, a central question concerns the role that ergativity plays in shaping the syntax. One widely accepted view is that at least those languages which exhibit constraints on the extraction of ergatives are “syntactically ergative”. Here we review the basic facts around ergative extraction in Mayan, surveying both those languages which permit it and those which do not, and identify areas of exceptionality and variation. Central to the discussion are ‘agent focus’ constructions, constructions which permit extraction of the external argument when it is blocked from a canonical transitive clause. We discuss two approaches this constellation of facts––one which holds that constraints on ergative extraction reflect syntactic ergativity and one which holds that they do not.

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Haig, Geoffrey. Deconstructing Iranian Ergativity. Redaktorzy Jessica Coon, Diane Massam i Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.20.

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This chapter provides an overview of the alignment splits found in most Iranian languages, focussing on their historical emergence, and their currently attested variability. Following Haig (2008), the origins of ergativity in Iranian are linked to pre-existing, non-canonical subject constructions typically involving Benefactives, External Possessors, and Experiencers, which then extended to clauses with participial predicates expressing agentive semantics. The current variation found in the ergative-like constructions is illustrated through three case-studies of dialectal microvariation: Kurdish, Balochi, and Taleshi. It is argued that the variation in the ergative constructions of the modern languages should be viewed as resulting from the interplay of partially independent changes working through distinct sub-systems, in particular case-marking, agreement, and pronominal clitic systems, rather than in terms of monolithic shifts from one alignment type to another. From this perspective, ergativity is merely a taxonomic label for a particular constellation of case and agreement features, with no more theoretical significance than any of the other attested constellations.

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Thornes, Tim. On the heterogeneity of Northern Paiute directives. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803225.003.0007.

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The formal encoding of directive speech in Northern Paiute (W. Numic, Uto-Aztecan) is quite heterogeneous, despite the simplicity of bare verb stem, addressee-directed command forms. The language employs a range of grammatical constructions both to colour the force of a canonical imperative and to form non-canonical imperatives. This chapter addresses formal strategies that express directive speech in Northern Paiute with attention to pragmatic context in naturally occurring speech, in addition to preliminary comparisons with related languages and hypotheses around historical developments in Numic and beyond, placing the data in the context of a general typology of commands in the world’s languages. The use of aspect marking, deontic modality, and subordinating morphology is common. The ways in which aspectual morphology is deployed in Northern Paiute directives do not always follow patterns found in other languages. Of further interest is the evidence for a biclausal origin in the grammar of directive speech acts.

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Cesare, Anna-Maria De, i Davide Garassino. Current Issues in Italian, Romance and Germanic Non-Canonical Word Orders: Syntax - Information Structure - Discourse Organization. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2016.

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Cesare, Anna-Maria De, i Davide Garassino. Current Issues in Italian, Romance and Germanic Non-Canonical Word Orders: Syntax - Information Structure - Discourse Organization. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2016.

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Wellwood, Alexis. The Meaning of More. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804659.001.0001.

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This book re-imagines the compositional semantics of comparative constructions with words like “more”. It argues for a revision of one of the fundamental assumptions of the degree semantics framework as applied to such constructions: that gradable adjectives do not lexicalize measure functions (i.e., mappings from individuals or events to degrees). Instead, the degree morphology itself plays the role of degree introduction. The book begins with a careful study of non-canonical comparatives targeting nouns and verbs, and applies the lessons learned there to those targeting adjectives and adverbs. A primary distinction that the book draws extends the traditional distinction between gradable and non-gradable as applied to the adjectival domain to the distinction between “measurable” and “non-measurable” predicates that crosses lexical categories. The measurable predicates, in addition to the gradable adjectives, include mass noun phrases, plural noun phrases, imperfective verb phrases, and perfective atelic verb phrases. In each of these cases, independent evidence for non-trivial ordering relations on the relevant domains of predication are discussed, and measurability is tied to the accessibility of such orderings. Applying this compositional theory to the core cases and beyond, the book establishes that the selection of measure functions for a given comparative depends entirely on what is measured and compared rather than which expression introduces the measurement

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Adelaar, Willem F. H. Imperatives and commands in Quechua. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803225.003.0002.

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The Quechuan languages of the Central Andes have a dedicated Imperative Mood paradigm featuring personal reference marking for all subject endings except first person. Non-canonical third person subject forms are part of this paradigm. Although there is a formal overlap between Future Tense and Imperative in marking of the first person inclusive subject, the former can be used in questions or be accompanied by validation markers, whereas the latter cannot. In imperative constructions negation is indicated in the same way as in other moods, except that it requires the presence of the prohibitive adverb ama, instead of plain negative mana. Conversely, ama can also be used in non-Imperative environments to express a mild or indirect command. It can be argued that Quechuan languages have two competing ways of indicating prohibition: Imperative structures with regular negation marking and obligatory presence of ama, and non-Imperative structures where ama introduces a prohibitive connotation.

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45

Arregui, Ana, María Luisa Rivero i Andrés Salanova, red. Modality Across Syntactic Categories. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718208.001.0001.

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This volume explores the extremely rich diversity found under the “modal umbrella” in natural language. Offering a cross-linguistic perspective on the encoding of modal meanings that draws on novel data from an extensive set of languages, the book supports a view according to which modality infuses a much more extensive number of syntactic categories and levels of syntactic structure than has traditionally been thought. The volume distinguishes between “low modality,” which concerns modal interpretations that associate with the verbal and nominal cartographies in syntax, “middle modality” or modal interpretation associated to the syntactic cartography internal to the clause, and “high modality” that relates to the cartography known as the left periphery. By offering enticing combinations of cross-linguistic discussions of the more studied sources of modality together with novel or unexpected sources of modality, the volume presents specific case studies that show how meanings associated with low, middle, and high modality crystallize across a large variety of languages. The chapters on low modality explore modal meanings in structures that lack the complexity of full clauses, including conditional readings in noun phrases and modal features in lexical verbs. The chapters on middle modality examine the effects of tense and aspect on constructions with counterfactual readings, and on those that contain canonical modal verbs. The chapters on high modality are dedicated to constructions with imperative, evidential, and epistemic readings, examining, and at times challenging, traditional perspectives that syntactically associate these interpretations with the left periphery of the clause.

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46

Sommer, Tim. Carlyle, Emerson and the Transatlantic Uses of Authority. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474491945.001.0001.

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This book examines the transatlantic writings and professional careers of Thomas Carlyle and Ralph Waldo Emerson. Building on recent research in literary studies, book history and cultural sociology, it explores how a range of different forms of authority – literary, cultural, political, legal – impacted on Anglo-American writing, publishing and lecturing. The book retraces nineteenth-century debates about race and nationhood, analyses the relationship between cultural nationalism and literary historiography and sheds light on Carlyle’s and Emerson’s professional identities as publishing authors and lecturing celebrities on both sides of the Atlantic. It reads canonical texts in conjunction with less familiar sources such as book paratexts, lecture manuscripts and periodical writing to re-evaluate two of the period’s key authors. Situating textual production at the intersection of institutional spheres and professional networks, Carlyle, Emerson and the Transatlantic Uses of Authority sheds light on intellectual and material exchanges between Victorian and antebellum literature and culture. The book’s first part focuses on discourses of ethnic identity and constructions of literary history; part two examines Carlyle’s and Emerson’s engagement with the mid-century transatlantic print market; part three discusses their careers as lecturing intellectuals. Bringing together these subjects and moving into the latter half of the century, the book’s epilogue considers the impact of the American Civil War on transatlantic literary relations and explores Carlyle’s and Emerson’s posthumous canonisation on both sides of the Atlantic.

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47

Authentic Interpretations on the 1983 Canon Law. Canon Law Society of America, 1993.

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48

Haacke, Paul. The Vertical Imagination and the Crisis of Transatlantic Modernism. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851448.001.0001.

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From the invention of skyscrapers and airplanes to the development of the nuclear bomb, ideas about the modern increasingly revolved around vertiginous images of elevation and decline and new technologies of mobility and terror from above. In The Vertical Imagination and the Crisis of Transatlantic Modernism, Paul Haacke examines this turn by focusing on discourses of aspiration, catastrophe, and power in major works of European and American literature as well as film, architecture, and intellectual and cultural history. This wide-ranging and pointed study begins with canonical fiction by Franz Kafka, Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, and John Dos Passos, as well as poetry by Guillaume Apollinaire, Hart Crane, and Aimé Césaire, before moving to critical reflections on the rise of New York City by architects and writers from Le Corbusier to Simone de Beauvoir, the films of Alfred Hitchcock and theories of cinematic space and time, and postwar novels by Kurt Vonnegut, Thomas Pynchon, and Leslie Marmon Silko, among many other examples. In tracing the rise and fall of modernist discourse over the course of the long twentieth century, this book shows how visions of vertical ascension turned from established ideas about nature, the body, and religion to growing anxieties about aesthetic distinction, technological advancement, and American capitalism and empire. It argues that spectacles of height and flight became symbols and icons of ambition as well as indexes of power, and thus that the vertical transformation of modernity was both material and imagined, taking place at the same time through the rapidly expanding built environment and shifting ideological constructions of “high” and “low.”

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49

Tennant, Neil. The Logic of Number. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846679.001.0001.

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This book defines and develops the program of Natural Logicism for the natural, rational, and real numbers. The central method is to formulate rules of natural deduction governing variable-binding number-abstraction operators and other logico-mathematical expressions such as zero and successor. The introduction and elimination rules for a number-abstraction operator @ allow one to infer to, and away from, identity statements in the canonical form ‘t=@xΦ‎(x)’. These enable ‘single-barreled’ abstraction, in contrast with the ‘double-barreled’ abstraction effected by principles such as Frege's Basic Law V, or Hume's Principle. The logical system used for the foundational reasoning is free Core Logic. It handles non-denoting singular terms and allows only constructive and relevant reasoning. Natural Logicism imposes upon its account of the numbers four conditions of adequacy. First, one must show how it is that the various kinds of number are applicable in our wider thought and talk about the world. One does this by deriving all instances of three respective schemas: Schema N for the naturals, Schema Q for the rationals, and Schema R for the reals. These provide truth-conditions for statements deploying terms referring to numbers of the kind in question. Second, one must show how it is that the naturals sit among the rationals as themselves again, and the rationals likewise among the reals. Third, one should reveal enough of the metaphysical nature of the numbers to be able to derive the mathematician's basic laws governing them. Fourth, one should be able to demonstrate that there are uncountably many reals.

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