Rozprawy doktorskie: „Cannabis”

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Lonsdale, Janine M. "Cannabis - related cognitions amongst a clinical sample of cannabis users /". St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17817.pdf.

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Jansson, Mari, i Molly Tally. "Är cannabis den nya folkölen? : Unga cannabisanvändares tal om cannabis". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-118085.

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The aim of this study was to examine young adult cannabis users’ attitudes towards cannabis and their perception of the normalization of cannabis. The purpose was also to explore how their views of cannabis correspond with norms regarding cannabis. This study is based on interviews with five young adult cannabis users. The theoretical framework is based on Parker’s normalization thesis, Goffman’s notion of stigma, Becker’s definition of outsiders and the definition of social identity developed by Stone. The theory of cognitive dissonance was also used to analyze the empirics. The result shows that the interviewees experience a normalization of cannabis, although a process of stigmatization cannot be disregarded. The result also indicates that the respondent’s views of cannabis do not conform to society. The main conclusions are that cannabis is normalized in certain groups, which creates a discrepancy between the attitudes of cannabis users and Swedish society. The reasons for using cannabis are individual and one recurrent explanation is that the respondents experience less negative consequences of cannabis, compared to the effects of alcohol. These findings are supported by earlier research. In order to develop a constructive dialogue about cannabis, the understanding of these attitudes is important for social work.

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3

Lee, Tiah. "Cannabis Metabolomics: Comparison of Cannabis Products and Effect of Vaporization". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39706.

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Cannabis is widely consumed medically and recreationally due to the presence of cannabinoids, but the phytochemical complexity of different varieties and preparations is a major knowledge gap. This thesis investigated the phytochemicals present in thirteen different cannabis strains using untargeted and targeted phytochemical analysis to determine “strain” differences in cannabis tinctures and oils. In addition, the phytochemical differences between different oil products, namely oils extracted by ethanol and CO2 supercritical fluid, were also determined to evaluate different processing methods. It was found that inter-strain variability was more significant than the preparation methods due to the strain-specific presence of major cannabinoids, specifically THCA and CBDA. Furthermore, a processing step like drying removed phytochemicals contributing to strain differences, most notably terpenes. The results suggested that consumers can expect different strains and products to have different chemical profiles, as CO2 oils were found to be more chemically consistent across products than tinctures. Cannabis can be consumed in many different ways, and one popular mode of delivery is vaporization. Vaporization extracts active principles of cannabis with heated gas and could lead to a different phytochemical profile compared to the original flower counterpart. Consequently, the product label based on the raw material may not be representative of what is phytochemically available during consumption. The results of this study showed a reduction in available chemicals after vaporizing flower and oils, and little new chemical formation through this process. Decarboxylated cannabinoids were the most significant contributors to differences between pre and post-vaporized samples, and different phytochemistry composition was observed after vaporization. The results also demonstrated that vaporization reduces inter-strain and inter-product chemical diversity, but the content of the vapor can still be affected by the strain used. Furthermore, it showed that vaporization could extract phytochemicals differently from oils than flower material. This thesis provides a new understanding of phytochemical differences, extraction and vaporization processes of cannabis, and provides novel insights into cannabis for producers and consumers. Understanding the differences in chemical content of different types of concentrates can better inform producers and consumers about the products they make, sell and use. In addition, this thesis supports the use of vaporization as a harm reduction method for the consumption of cannabis, and increases understanding of cannabis vaporization. The information from this thesis contributes novel insights into cannabis research and provides a foundation for further studies.

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Vargas, Carlos, i Sandra Miranda. "Cannabis Coffee Shop". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/143146.

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TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN ADMINISTRACIÓN Carlos Vargas [Parte I], Sandra Miranda [Parte II]
En respuesta a la necesidad detectada y no atendida de una parte de la población que se encuentra entre los 20 y 45 años de edad, que trabajan en la comuna de Providencia, en la Región Metropolitana, es que nace Cannabis Coffee Shop (CCS) con el fin de satisfacer la compra de productos cannabicos de colección, en los tiempos libres que se dan en los horarios de trabajo de estas personas, dentro de un lugar moderno, vanguardista y amigable con el medio ambiente, donde además tuvieran la posibilidad de probar productos de cafetería gourmet. Según éste estudio a marzo del 2016, solo hay un competidor, que se encuentra posicionado en la comuna de Santiago, lo que hace de la ubicación de CCS una ventaja competitiva. Debido al proyecto que hoy se encuentra en la Cámara de Diputados sobre el cambio a la ley 20.0001, es que la industria de las cafeterías y growshop2 se ha visto en un constante crecimiento y renovación. Dada la experiencia del equipo gestor de éste estudio, las buenas relaciones con mayoristas claves, las consignaciones con Sweet Fusión con un margen asegurado y pagos a 30 días y el reciente auspicio de Nirvana (marca internacional de semillas de Holanda), preceden el éxito y consolidación al primer año de iniciado CCS. La inversión iniciales es de 983 UF y se espera obtener utilidades por 2000 UF al quinto año, con un valor actual neto (VAN) de 1145 UF y una tasa interna de retorno (TIR) de 47%.

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Arveiller, Catherine Karila Laurent. "Artériopathies et cannabis". Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2006. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0240873.pdf.

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Alshibiby, Sara, i Snigdha Chowdhury. "CANNABIS - EN KVALITATIV STUDIE OM HUR ANVÄNDNING AV CANNABIS KAN UPPLEVAS". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25476.

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The purpose of this paper was to examine how people experience the practice of Cannabis in daily life. The study was based on interviews with five individuals who have experience with cannabis use. They do not represent a bigger population only themselves. We chose these particular individuals because all of them began using cannabis at a young age- everyone before they were twenty. But they have been using cannabis because of different reasons. The results of the interviews were analyzed with the thesis of Howard Becker and the new developed thesis of Hallstone about social control. The thesis explains the pattern of becoming a drug addict and what the steps are. The final results of this study contain answers about how much cannabis they have been using, how often, with whom and with what purpose. We compared these answers to the patterns to see if there was any truth to them and then we explained the function the drug has in their lives. For further explaining we used former researches about cannabis use in different areas of life. In the discussion we try to understand what these answers mean, what the thought behind cannabis use is and if these people really have the control over it.

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Facchin, Michela Keiser-Grassi Paola. "Cannabis-Gesprächsrunden eine Praxisanalyse". Rubigen Bern Ed. Soziothek, 2006. http://www.soziothek.ch?978-3-03796-166-7.

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Facchin, Michela Keiser-Grassi Paola. "Cannabis-Gesprächsrunden : eine Praxisanalyse /". Rubigen [u.a.] : Ed. Soziothek, 2007. http://www.soziothek.ch?978-3-03796-166-7.

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Lundberg, Malin, i Malin Vennstrand. "Ungdomars riskuppfattning kring cannabis". Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för samhällsvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-22679.

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Abstrakt Syftet med studien har varit att studera hur unga i åldern 16-20 år i Östersunds kommun förhåller sig till riskerna med cannabis. samt att se hur ungdomar i interaktion med varandra diskuterar, uppfattar och upplever riskerna med cannabis. Studien utgår ifrån ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv och baseras på en enkät och fokusgrupper med gymnasieungdomar i Östersund. Resultatet visar att ungdomarna som deltagit i studien har en viss acceptans till att droger används i deras omgivning och närhet. Det finns också brister i kommunikationen mellan vuxna och ungdomar om riskerna med droganvändning. Utifrån de resultat som framkommit, samt forskningslitteratur på området, har det förts en diskussion kring hur exempelvis skola, polis och andra vuxna på ett bra sätt skulle kunna gå tillväga när de förmedlar riskinformation om droger till ungdomar.

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Cruz, Ana Luísa Mayer Rodrigues Vera. "Cannabis e doença mental". Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/1399.

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Introdução: A Cannabis é a droga ilícita mais usada em todo o mundo. Desde o princípio dos anos 90 a idade de início de consumo tem vindo a decrescer e a prevalência ao longo da vida aumentou na maioria dos países desenvolvidos. Sabe-se que a prevalência do seu consumo é elevada entre os doentes psiquiátricos, o que está associado a um pior prognóstico, com maior resistência à medicação, maior intensidade de sintomas, maiores taxas de recorrência e maior número de hospitalizações. Tem sido estudada a relação entre o abuso de Cannabis e doenças específicas, como as doenças psicóticas, em particular a esquizofrenia, os transtornos do humor, como a doença bipolar e a depressão, a ansiedade, a agressividade, a síndrome amotivacional e também a relação com o abuso de outras substâncias. Objectivos: O principal objectivo deste estudo é caracterizar, a nível de patologia mental, um subgrupo de consumidores de Cannabis que tiveram necessidade de internamento. Metodologia: Foram incluídos no estudo todos os doentes internados no Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental da ULS da Guarda entre Janeiro de 2007 e Dezembro de 2012 com o diagnóstico de abuso ou dependência de Cannabis. Resultados: A média de idade de início de consumo foi de 16,1 anos. O tempo decorrido entre o início do consumo e o primeiro episódio de internamento foi em média de 8,9 anos. Encontrou-se uma relação fraca entre a idade de início do consumo e o tempo decorrido até ao primeiro episódio de internamento (r=0,249; p=0,411). Observou-se que os sintomas mais prevalentes foram ideação delirante, humor deprimido, insónia e actividade alucinatória. O diagnóstico mais frequente foi o de esquizofrenia paranóide (30,6%) seguindo-se a psicose induzida por Cannabis (25%) e a depressão (16,7%). Em 44,4% dos indivíduos foi-lhes diagnosticado ao longo da vida o abuso/dependência de outras substâncias, sendo a mais prevalente os opiáceos. Conclusões: Os indivíduos consumidores são na maioria jovens que se iniciaram no abuso de substâncias durante a adolescência, sendo que em muitos casos o início precoce do consumo condiciona patologia mental mais severa. As doenças psicóticas são as mais relacionadas com o consumo de Cannabis e existe uma associação forte com o consumo de outras substâncias.
Introduction: Cannabis is the most used illicit drug worldwide. Since the early 90’s the age of onset of Cannabis consumption has been decreasing and the lifetime prevalence increased in the majority of the developed countries. It is known that the prevalence of its consumption is greater among people with psychiatric disorders, which is associated to poor outcomes, with higher resistance to medication, more severe symptoms, higher relapse rates and higher number of hospitalizations. The relationship between Cannabis abuse and specific disorders like psychosis, in particular schizophrenia, affective disorders like bipolar disorder and depression, anxiety, aggressive behaviors, amotivational syndrome and also the relation with the abuse of other substances. Objectives: The principal aim of this study is to characterize, in a mental health perspective, a subgroup of Cannabis consumer in-patients. Methods: It were admitted to the study all the in-patients of Guarda’s ULS Psychiatry and Mental Health Department between January 2007 and December 2012 with Cannabis abuse or/and dependence diagnosis. Results: The mean age of Cannabis first use was 16,1 years. The time interval between Cannabis initiation and the first hospitalization episode was in average 8,9 years. A relationship between the age at first Cannabis use and the time lapse until the first hospitalization was found (r=0,249, p=0,411). The most prevalent symptoms were delusions, depressive humor, insomnia and hallucinations. The most frequent diagnosis was paranoid schizophrenia (30,6%) followed by Cannabis-induced psychosis (25%) and depression (16,7%). 44,4% of the patients met other substances abuse/dependence criteria, mostly opiates. Conclusions: Cannabis consumers are mostly young people who start consuming it during adolescence, and in the majority of the cases a younger age of onset consuming Cannabis predicts greater severity of mental illness. Psychotic disorders have the strongest association with Cannabis and there is a relationship between the consumption and other substance abuse disorders.

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Noack, René, Michael Höfler i Ulrike Lüken. "Cannabis Use Patterns and Their Association with DSM-IV Cannabis Dependence and Gender". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-133103.

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Aims: To investigate the gender differences in the patterns of cannabis use (CU), namely frequency, times of day, social context and methods and in their association with DSM-IV cannabis dependence. Methods: A sample of 3,904 students from German universities was recruited via an internet survey. Logistic regressions and associated areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were calculated among current cannabis users (at least once a month, n = 843). Results: CU using a water pipe was more often reported by males (50 vs. 34.6%). Usual CU ‘before going to sleep at night’ was more often reported by females (47.3 vs. 35.7%). Most CU patterns showed a similar association with DSM-IV cannabis dependence in both genders. The association of CU ‘with strangers’ was stronger in females (AUC 0.68 vs. AUC 0.56). Slightly different multiple models were found (females AUC 0.86, males AUC 0.77). Conclusions: There are considerable gender differences in the CU patterns and, thus, in the way CU functions. In the association of CU patterns with cannabis dependence, the similarities are rather great. Examining the CU patterns might make a considerable contribution to the better detection of high-risk population segments for prevention and early intervention in both genders
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich

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12

Pulido, Moreno Rodrigo. "Cannabis in Uruguay : A case study of the regulated cannabis market in Uruguay". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Romanska och klassiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-138892.

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This study deals with the impact of the legislative bill that enabled the creation of a regulated cannabis market in Uruguay as a means to combat organized crime in the country. This study will also explore the hypothesis that this legislative bill changed the legal character of criminality as well as reformulating narcotic issues from being a criminal issue into a public health issue. Analyzing the very specific case of Uruguay’s current narcotic policies becomes a means to explore the ideas that constitute Law Nr 19.172 “Marijuana and its derivatives” which might be indicative of the attitudes in society regarding criminality. This ties into the new iteration of the dichotomy between law and democracy as a result of this legislative reform in Uruguay and the possible new role of legal theory in a democratic country which is discussed in this article.

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Noack, René, Michael Höfler i Ulrike Lüken. "Cannabis Use Patterns and Their Association with DSM-IV Cannabis Dependence and Gender". Karger, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27489.

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Aims: To investigate the gender differences in the patterns of cannabis use (CU), namely frequency, times of day, social context and methods and in their association with DSM-IV cannabis dependence. Methods: A sample of 3,904 students from German universities was recruited via an internet survey. Logistic regressions and associated areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were calculated among current cannabis users (at least once a month, n = 843). Results: CU using a water pipe was more often reported by males (50 vs. 34.6%). Usual CU ‘before going to sleep at night’ was more often reported by females (47.3 vs. 35.7%). Most CU patterns showed a similar association with DSM-IV cannabis dependence in both genders. The association of CU ‘with strangers’ was stronger in females (AUC 0.68 vs. AUC 0.56). Slightly different multiple models were found (females AUC 0.86, males AUC 0.77). Conclusions: There are considerable gender differences in the CU patterns and, thus, in the way CU functions. In the association of CU patterns with cannabis dependence, the similarities are rather great. Examining the CU patterns might make a considerable contribution to the better detection of high-risk population segments for prevention and early intervention in both genders.
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

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14

Luxmoore, Coryndon Steven. "Psychosocial influences on cannabis use /". [St Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17337.pdf.

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Hamberg, Emma, i Hannah Larsson. "Cannabis : Sveriges vanligaste drog - varför?" Thesis, Umeå University, Basic training programme for Police Officers, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-27521.

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Cannabis är världens och Sveriges vanligaste narkotika. En undersökning gjord av Brå 2005, visar att 11,9 % av svenska befolkningen mellan 16-64 år har rökt cannabis någon gång i sitt liv. Trots detta visar studier att Sverige ligger långt under det europeiska genomsnittet av ungdomar som provat narkotika. Syftet med vår rapport är att försöka ta reda på några av orsakerna till varför just cannabis är så vanligt förekommande och vilka faktorer som kan vara avgörande i valet av brukandet av denna drog. För att besvara våra frågeställningar har vi tagit del av rapporter, studentlitteratur från tidigare moment, samt övrig fakta i form av Internet och litteratur. Vi har också gjort en intervju med en före detta missbrukare och en kriminalinspektör med stor kunskap inom ämnet. Detta gjorde vi för att försöka ta reda på om det fanns några likheter eller eventuella skillnader mellan vetenskap och verklighet. Våra slutsatser är att cannabis blivit den vanligaste drogen på grund av en kombination av många faktorer. De faktorer som vi har tagit upp i vårt arbete tror vi kan vara några av anledningarna, men att det är väldigt individuellt varför man väljer att börja med just cannabis. Sammanfattningsvis är det är svårt att svara på varför människor väljer att uppföra sig på ett visst sätt eller varför man väljer en viss sorts drog framför en annan.

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Koukaras, Filip. "Vilket medicinskt värde har Cannabis?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-29719.

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Cannabis är narkotika och omdiskuterat, särskilt när det gäller dess medicinska användning. Många rykten florerar om mot vad det kan användas till och ett flertal individer med olika sjukdomsbakgrund självmedicinerar sig med Cannabis. Cannabinoider som extraheras från Cannabis kan vara användbara för behandling av en rad olika sjukdomar. Detta arbete fokuserar på att ge en exposé av Cannabisalkaloidernas medicinska värde för personer som upplever smärttillstånd och dess terapeutiska effekt vid sjukdomarna Multipel Skleros (MS) och Parkinsons. Metoden som användes var en litteraturstudie och databaserna PubMed och Cochrane har använts för att ta fram informationen. Studien är baserad på fem artiklar, av vilka två fokuserar på smärtlindring, en på muskelstelhet i samband med MS, en på dyskinesi hos patienter med Parkinsons och en på tics hos individer med Tourettes syndrom. Smärtlindring noterades både i studien där patienterna led av HIV-orsakad smärta och i den neuropatiska smärtstudien. Resultatet hos Parkinsonpatienter blev att dyskinesin försämrades en aning. Hos MS patienter sågs inte någon skillnad i primära effektmåtten men däremot på vissa av de sekundära. Ingen positiv effekt kunde noteras hos patienterna i Tourette-studiens olika skalor förutom i några av deras delmoment.

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Aldington, Sarah. "The pulmonary effects of cannabis". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442256.

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Hillig, Karl William. "A systematic investigation of Cannabis". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3162973.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Biology, 2005.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 2, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-02, Section: B, page: 0651. Chair: Jeffrey Palmer.

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Schulz-Katterbach, Michèle Sabrina. "Cannabis and caries - does regular cannabis use increase the risk of caries in cigarette smokers? /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000297946.

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Masse, Marjolaine. "Risk factors for premorbid cannabis use and the relationship between cannabis use and schizophrenia symptoms". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95187.

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Cannabis use increases the risk for psychosis with a dose response relationship; the risk is particularly strong before age 15. Factors precipitating use and explaining total amount used in patients are unknown. It is likewise unknown whether patients and controls differ on predictor profiles. The amount of variance in psychotic symptoms explained by premorbid cannabis use and the unique contribution of cannabis use when controlling for risk factors for schizophrenia is also unknown. The results show that some risk factors found in the community apply to both groups in the same way, and others did not. Total amount, intensity and duration of marijuana use were also associated with positive symptoms in patients. No mediation effects of marijuana use variables on more distal predictors of schizophrenia symptoms were found. Results are discussed in the context of a hypothesis of common neural networks for both schizophrenia and substance misuse.
L'usage de cannabis accroit proportionnellement le risque de développer la psychose. Ce risque est particulièrement élevé chez les moins de 15 ans. Les facteurs prédisposant à l'usage prémorbide, et expliquant le montant utilisé par les patients sont inexplorés, conséquemment, on ignore si ces groupes ont des prédispositions différentes. La variation dans les symptômes expliquée par ces facteurs d'usage et la contribution unique du cannabis, lorsque les facteurs de risques pour la psychose sont contrôlés, sont également inconnus. Les résultats démontrent que certains facteurs de risque s'appliquent aux deux populations et d'autres pas. Le montant, l'intensité et la durée de l'usage sont associés avec les symptômes positifs chez les patients. Aucun effet de médiation de l'usage de marijuana sur les facteurs de prédisposition à la schizophrénie n'a été observé. Les résultats sont examinés dans le contexte d'une hypothèse de réseaux neuronaux communs à la schizophrénie et l'usage de cannabis.

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Swensen, Greg. "Reform of minor cannabis laws in Western Australia, the United Kingdom and New Zealand". Thesis, Swensen, Greg (2006) Reform of minor cannabis laws in Western Australia, the United Kingdom and New Zealand. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/328/.

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The past three decades has been a period of intense and sustained debate in a number of major Western countries about the wisdom of police continuing to apply legislation which can severely punish offenders by fines and even imprisonment because of laws and policies that prohibit the use, possession and cultivation of cannabis. The large and growing number of young adults who have been exposed to the drug, some of whom have been charged and received criminal convictions with attendant deleterious effects on their employment and wellbeing, has forced policy makers to re-evaluate the justification for continuing to criminalise cannabis. This thesis examines in detail the law reforms that occurred in early 2004 with respect to cannabis offenders in Western Australia (WA) and the United Kingdom (UK) and what lessons these reforms may hold for other jurisdictions interested in decriminalisation of minor cannabis offences. A study was undertaken to compare the shortcomings and advantages of the different approaches to reform followed in WA and the UK. Reference to the reform in the UK, will be confined to meaning England, Wales and Northern Ireland as the necessary administrative guidelines have not so far been issued for Scotland. In WA the reforms required a substantial legislative effort to establish a complex framework that outlined in detail the circumstances when police may issue cannabis infringement notices (CINs), whereas in the UK the approach involved limited legislative activity by the reclassification of the legal status of cannabis and by providing police with administrative guidelines issued by the Association of Chief Police Commissioners as to how to exercise their discretion in issuing formal warnings for a minor cannabis offence. A comparison is made with New Zealand (NZ), where in spite of there being a similar process of deliberation and consultation as in WA and the UK, the government refused to implement formal reform because of a perception it was unable to decriminalise minor cannabis offences because of the restrictions imposed of agreement between the Clarke Labour Government and a minor political party. The example of the failure of government in NZ to achieve reform illustrates the importance that in some jurisdictions there will be a significant role for non parliamentary advisory bodies and lobby groups to argue for reform and to garner public support when reform has stalled or been frustrated. The thesis also includes a preliminary exploratory study using a number of indicators, such as prevalence and conviction data, to determine if the reforms implemented by the CIN scheme have resulted in or are likely to create unanticipated harms and to explore some of the issues in being to determine whether changes in law enforcement practices and priorities have impacted on the cannabis market or are likely to change the way cannabis may be transacted in WA.

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Swensen, Greg. "Reform of minor cannabis laws in Western Australia, the United Kingdom and New Zealand". Swensen, Greg (2006) Reform of minor cannabis laws in Western Australia, the United Kingdom and New Zealand. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/328/.

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The past three decades has been a period of intense and sustained debate in a number of major Western countries about the wisdom of police continuing to apply legislation which can severely punish offenders by fines and even imprisonment because of laws and policies that prohibit the use, possession and cultivation of cannabis. The large and growing number of young adults who have been exposed to the drug, some of whom have been charged and received criminal convictions with attendant deleterious effects on their employment and wellbeing, has forced policy makers to re-evaluate the justification for continuing to criminalise cannabis. This thesis examines in detail the law reforms that occurred in early 2004 with respect to cannabis offenders in Western Australia (WA) and the United Kingdom (UK) and what lessons these reforms may hold for other jurisdictions interested in decriminalisation of minor cannabis offences. A study was undertaken to compare the shortcomings and advantages of the different approaches to reform followed in WA and the UK. Reference to the reform in the UK, will be confined to meaning England, Wales and Northern Ireland as the necessary administrative guidelines have not so far been issued for Scotland. In WA the reforms required a substantial legislative effort to establish a complex framework that outlined in detail the circumstances when police may issue cannabis infringement notices (CINs), whereas in the UK the approach involved limited legislative activity by the reclassification of the legal status of cannabis and by providing police with administrative guidelines issued by the Association of Chief Police Commissioners as to how to exercise their discretion in issuing formal warnings for a minor cannabis offence. A comparison is made with New Zealand (NZ), where in spite of there being a similar process of deliberation and consultation as in WA and the UK, the government refused to implement formal reform because of a perception it was unable to decriminalise minor cannabis offences because of the restrictions imposed of agreement between the Clarke Labour Government and a minor political party. The example of the failure of government in NZ to achieve reform illustrates the importance that in some jurisdictions there will be a significant role for non parliamentary advisory bodies and lobby groups to argue for reform and to garner public support when reform has stalled or been frustrated. The thesis also includes a preliminary exploratory study using a number of indicators, such as prevalence and conviction data, to determine if the reforms implemented by the CIN scheme have resulted in or are likely to create unanticipated harms and to explore some of the issues in being to determine whether changes in law enforcement practices and priorities have impacted on the cannabis market or are likely to change the way cannabis may be transacted in WA.

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Hapsari, Ayu Pinky. "Exploring the relationship between cannabis use expectancies and the initiation of cannabis use among Canadian adolescents". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/63148.

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BACKGROUND: Canada has one of the highest reported rates of adolescent cannabis use among industrialized countries and plans to legalize recreational cannabis use for adults. However, research suggesting that cannabis use during adolescence may be associated with health risks has led to a call for monitoring the impact of legalization on use by adolescents. Based on evidence that identifies outcome expectancies (expectations regarding the effect of substance use) and intention to use as significant predictors of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking among adolescence, monitoring efforts associated with the upcoming cannabis regulation may benefit from the use of similar predictors. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the validity of the Marijuana Effect Expectancy Questionnaire-Brief (MEEQ-B) as a measure of cannabis use expectancies and then examine the relationship between expectancies and the intention to use cannabis, as well as their predictive utility as indicators of future cannabis use. METHODS: Data were collected from 1592 high school students aged 14-16 years participating in British Columbia Adolescent Substance Use Survey during the 2011/2012 school year. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to evaluate the psychometric structure of the MEEQ-B, and generalized estimating equation (GEE) using logit link was used to examine the relationship between expectancies, intention to try, and initiation and lifetime use of cannabis. RESULTS: The initial two-factor structure of MEEQ-B did not provide a good fit to the data. However, cross-loading item 6 onto both positive and negative expectancies factors resulted in a good fit. After controlling for gender, ethnicity, age, and socio-economic status, results of the GEE indicated that positive expectancies were significantly and positively associated with lifetime cannabis use (AOR: 2.47), and initiation of cannabis within six months (AOR: 1.9), whereas the reverse trend was found for negative expectancies. Having at least some intention to try cannabis increased the odds of cannabis initiation by seven times (AOR: 6.91). CONCLUSION: Revision to the MEEQ-B questions is needed to reliably measure expectancies related to adolescent cannabis use. In support of Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction, expectancies and intention to use can be utilized as upstream indicators for future cannabis initiation.
Medicine, Faculty of
Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of
Graduate

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Medin, Emma, i Josephine Carlsson. "Cannabis inom hälso- och sjukvård : en studie om hur cannabis kan påverka långvarig smärta och livskvalitet". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Omvårdnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-88515.

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Bakgrund: Smärta och smärtbehandling är en viktig del i sjuksköterskans yrkesutövning. Det är därför viktigt att ha kunskap om olika behandlingsmetoder för att på ett individanpassat sätt främja en god omvårdnad. Cannabis har länge använts i medicinskt syfte bland annat för att hantera smärta. En adekvat smärtlindring är av betydelse för patientens livskvalitet. Syfte: Att beskriva hur patienters livskvalitet påverkas av att använda cannabispreparat som analgetika vid långvariga smärttillstånd. Metod: Litteraturstudie med systematiska sökningar valdes som metod. Sökningarna utfördes i databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och PsycInfo, även manuella sökningar genomfördes. Resultat: Resultatet är baserat på 21 vetenskapliga artiklar med olika ansatser. Patienter med olika smärttillstånd kan få en analgetisk effekt av cannabispreparat. Livskvalitet mätt inom områden som sömn, aptit, illamående och kräkning förbättrades hos patienter som använder cannabisbaserad medicin i syfte att lindra smärta. Ingen förbättring sågs inom området generell livskvalitet. Konklusion: Cannabisbaserad medicin kan användas som en behandlingsmetod hos patienter med långvariga smärttillstånd. Mer forskning är nödvändig för att avgöra om och i så fall hur cannabisbaserad medicin påverkar livskvaliteten. Som sjuksköterska är det viktigt att ha evidensbaserad kunskap inom ämnet för att kunna möta patienter med komplexa smärttillstånd.
Background: Pain and pain management is an important part of nursing. Therefore it is important to have knowledge about different treatment therapies to be able to perform an individualized health care. Cannabis has been used in medical purpose for a long time in intention to handle pain. An adequate pain treatment is vital for the patient’s quality of life. Purpose: To describe how quality of life is affected by using medical cannabis as analgesics by patients with chronic pain. Method: A literature study with systematic searches was chosen as a method. The search was made in the databases PubMed, CINHAL and PsycInfo and also a manual search was made. Result: The result is based on 21 scientific articles with different approaches. Patients who are suffering from different pain disorders can get an analgesic effect by using cannabis-based medicine. Quality of life measured in the domains sleep, appetite, nausea and vomiting improved when using cannabis-based medicine in purpose to relief pain. There were no improvements in the domain general quality of life. Conclusion: Cannabis-based medicine can be used as a treatment option by patients who are suffering from different pain disorders. There is a need for more research in this area to determine if cannabis-based medicine affects quality of life. As a nurse it is important to receive evidensbased knowledge within the area to be able to meet patients with complex pain disorders.

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Norman, Sandra, i Sarah Hellgren. "Unga vuxnas uppfattning och attityd mot cannabis : En kvalitativ fokusgruppsstudie om unga vuxnas attityder mot cannabis". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-132259.

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Sammanfattning Syftet med vår studie har varit att få en ökad förståelse om unga vuxnas uppfattning och attityd kring Sveriges tredje vanligaste drog, cannabis, för att sedan se om attityden skiljer sig åt mellan könen. Tidigare forskning har målat upp en bild av att ungdomar har utvecklat en liberalare attityd till cannabis, och att användningen mellan könen skiljer sig åt, där unga män i större utsträckning använder cannabis. Med hjälp utav en kvalitativ metod och två utförda fokusgruppsintervjuer har vi efter denna studie fått en bättre bild av hur cannabis uppfattas och accepteras av unga vuxna. I studien har all datainsamling skett via de två fokusgruppsintervjuerna. Gruppintervjuerna delades upp utifrån kön med anledning att lättare få en uppfattning om hur attityder skiljer sig åt mellan könen. Vi har använt oss utav tre olika teorier för att enklare kunna besvara våra frågeställningar. En utav teorierna som används i studien är den socialkonstruktivistiska teorin. Med hjälp utav denna teori visar vårt resultat på ett fenomen om cannabis som en liberal drog bland unga vuxna hos både unga män och kvinnor. I Sverige är innehav och användning av cannabis kriminellt, trots detta visades tydliga liberala attityder då intervjupersonerna bjöd på egna erfarenheter, cannabisrelaterade historier och liberala uppfattningar. Cannabis uppfattas därmed som socialt accepterat där ingen längre höjer på ögonbrynen om de ser någon röka cannabis, detta framkommer tydligt av våra respondenter ur respektive gruppintervju. Bruket av cannabis jämförs ständigt med alkohol, och mellan dessa uppfattades alkoholen som den farligare drogen, både för individen själv och för personer i sin omgivning. Den liberala attityden mot cannabis infinner sig både hos unga män och unga kvinnor. Dock kan ett genusperspektiv ha gjort unga män till den större användargruppen då droger och narkotika oftast förknippas med maskuliniteter framför femininiteter.

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McCabe, Patrick J. "Cannabis Use and Bipolar Disorder: Bipolar Disorder Case Identification and Cannabis Use Risk Assessment: A Dissertation". eScholarship@UMMS, 2011. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/584.

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Bipolar disorders (BD) are characterized by symptoms of grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, pressure to keep talking, flight of ideas, distractibility, increased goal-directed activities, psychomotor agitation, and excessive involvement in pleasurable activities. Those with a bipolar disorder have a high degree of psychiatric comorbidity including substance use disorders, and they also experience increased mortality. Despite the widespread recognition of BD as an important psychiatric condition, available population-based estimates for BD prevalence differs across data sources. Cannabis is one of the most widely-used illicit substances. Evidence supports it as a risk factor for psychotic symptoms and disorders. Because populations with psychotic disorders and populations with bipolar disorder share genetic characteristics, cannabis may increase risk for bipolar disorders through the same pathways as it does with psychotic disorders. Limited and conflicting evidence regarding the association of cannabis use and bipolar disorder is currently available. This dissertation investigates cannabis use as a risk factor for incident manic symptoms and bipolar disorders in a large nationally representative longitudinal cohort. The first aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the implications for manic, hypomanic and major depressive episode prevalence estimates arising from the different approaches to assessing DSM-IV criterion between two national surveys. Differences in the assessment of impairment strongly influence manic or hypomanic classification within the NESARC. Compared to multiple imputation estimates (19.7% [95% CI: 19.3-20.1]) which treat depressed mood and anhedonia as separate symptoms, symptom assessment in the NESARC substantially underestimates major depressive episode prevalence (16.9% [95% CI: 16.1-17.6]). The second research objective examined self-reported cannabis use as a risk factor for incident manic symptoms, bipolar spectrum disorders (including manic and hypomanic episodes) and SCID-based recalibrated BD I and II. Cannabis use risk was assessed in the population as a whole and in sub-populations defined by age, substance abuse/dependence status, and family history. Among those reporting no lifetime major depressive or manic symptoms at baseline, self-reported past-year cannabis use was associated with increased odds of an incident week of extremely elevated or irritable mood accompanied by at least two manic episode criterion B symptoms (adj. OR 1.69, 95% CI: 1.08-2.65, p=.02) over the three year follow-up period. Among adults (ages 26 to 45) >=1 reported use(s) of cannabis per week was associated with incident manic or hypomanic episodes (adjusted OR 2.52, 95% CI: 1.32-4.80, p=.006). Among those endorsing no major depressive symptoms, substance abuse/dependence, or anti-social traits in their first degree relatives, past year cannabis use is associated with increased risk for incident bipolar spectrum disorders (adjusted OR 2.27, 95% CI: 1.01-5.10, p=.05) and CIDI recalibrated BD I and II (adjusted OR 5.49, 95% CI: 1.38-21.9, p=.02). Past year cannabis use risk for DSM-IV manic or hypomanic episodes among those aged 26 to 45 is concentrated in those with a baseline history of a substance use disorder (adj. OR 2.00, 95% CI: 1.10-3.66, p=.02) as compared to those with no such history (adj. OR 1.87, 95% CI: 0.49-7.21, p=.36). The third research objective of this dissertation was a sensitivity analysis using externally-predicted categorized exposures and continuous cannabis use propensities. The sensitivity analysis found evidence of exposure misclassification. Exposures defined by external propensity scores had improved cross-sectional association with bipolar spectrum disorders compared to reported use when both were compared to an external standard. No significant risk estimates were found for categorized predicted cannabis use among groups that were previously found to have significant risk from reported exposure. However, among adults 18 to 45 years of age with no manic or major depressive symptoms at baseline, past year cannabis use propensity (as a log transformed continuous measure) was associated with incident manic or hypomanic episodes (adj. OR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.10-2.03, p=.01). Elevated risk for high cannabis use propensity (>=1 use/week in the past year) was also found in this same group (adj. OR 1.33, 95% CI: 1.03-1.72, p=.03). Among those with no reported history of depression, substance abuse/dependence, or anti-social traits among their first-degree relatives, propensity for past year cannabis use (adj. OR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.11-2.32, p=.01) and propensity for >=1 use/week of cannabis in the past year (adj. OR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.03-1.85, p=.03) were associated with incident manic or hypomanic episodes. Among those without a substance use history at baseline, propensity for past year cannabis use (adj. OR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.33-1.55, p=1 use/week of cannabis in the past year (adj. OR 1.54, 95% CI: 1.26-1.88, p The findings of the first aim support the conclusion that the AUDADIS substantially under-estimated lifetime major depressive episode prevalence compared to an imputed estimate that treated anhedonia and depressed mood as separate and concurrent MDE symptoms. The operationalization of impairment for manic disorders in both the AUDADIS and CIDI strongly influences case identification, with the CIDI having suppressed manic and hypomanic prevalence estimates. Evidence was found supporting the conclusion that self-reported cannabis use is a significant risk factor for incident bipolar spectrum outcomes within subpopulations in a nationally representative cohort. A sensitivity analysis finds evidence that supports the conclusion that increasing cannabis use propensity is associated with increased risk of bipolar spectrum outcomes within population subgroups, with the greatest increased risk among those with the lowest innate risk. Under-reporting of illicit substance use is a major limitation in this dissertation; further study is needed with improved exposure measures.

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Lafortune, Bernard. "Éthique de la prohibition du cannabis". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0005/MQ44709.pdf.

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Ramirez, Eduardo B. "Mentorship in commercial domestic cannabis cultivation". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10096070.

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Social learning theories of crime help explain criminal achievement through the learning process. Utilizing two prominent social learning theories, this thesis explores the under-researched relationship between mentorship and domestic cannabis cultivation. This thesis uses data collected from an online survey taken by growers in the United States, Canada, and Belgium to examine the extent that social learning related variables can predict commercial, large scale cannabis cultivation. Results show some support for social learning theories and suggest that learning definitions favorable to cultivation are a significant part of mentorship. Policy implications are also discussed.

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Nilsson, Emma, i Emelie Pettersson. "Cannabis som analgetika vid långvarig smärta". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-317079.

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Bakgrund: I dagens samhälle lever var femte person mellan åldrarna 18 år och 75 år med långvarig smärta. I vissa delar av världen används cannabis som en del av behandlingen av långvarig smärta. Det vetenskapliga underlaget anses vara skralt och därför är det ännu inte en godkänd behandlingsmetod i Sverige Syfte: Att undersöka om det finns någon vetenskaplig evidens om att cannabis kan lindra långvarig smärta. Dessutom att undersöka hur användandet av cannabis kan påverka livskvaliteten hos personer med långvarig smärta. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på 10 kvantitativa artiklar med hjälp av databaserna PubMed, PMC och Cochrane Library. Resultat: Cannabis visade sig ha en god smärtlindrande effekt på långvarig smärta. Patienterna upplevde att smärtintensiteten minskade och flertalet av patienterna kunde minska sina opioid och antidepressions/ångestdämpande läkemedelsdoser. Behandlingen medförde vissa biverkningar men en förbättring gällande patienternas livskvalitet kunde ändå ses. Patienterna ansåg även att deras sömn, trötthet, fysiska aktivitet och humör förbättrades i samband med cannabisbehandlingen. Slutsats: Sammanfattningsvis kan resoneras att cannabis kan vara ett lämpligt behandlingsalternativ vid långvarig smärta. Behandling med cannabis kan ha en god analgetisk effekt utan att orsaka allvarliga biverkningar samtidigt som livskvaliteten förbättrades. Cannabis skulle även kunna verka som en tilläggsmedicin till dagens smärtbehandling. Dock behövs ytterligare forskning för att avgöra huruvida cannabis verkar, både kortsiktigt och långsiktigt.

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Ribeiro, José António Curral. "A cannabis e suas aplicações terapêuticas". Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4828.

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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas
Um dos grandes desafios da Química Farmacêutica prende-se com a obtenção de estruturas químicas novas que servirão como base para novos agentes terapêuticos. Durante muito tempo, as plantas foram quase exclusivas na terapia disponível para o Homem. A utilização terapêutica da Cannabis sativa ou dos seus derivados é conhecida há muitos anos, no entanto, o estudo das suas propriedades, dos seus análogos e dos recetores canabinóides (CB1 e CB2) e as enzimas envolvidas no seu metabolismo é muito recente. Após a descoberta dos canabinóides endógenos os estudos científicos focaramse na investigação do seu potencial clínico. Em alguns países, os derivados da cannabis constituem uma opção farmacológica na estimulação do apetite e no tratamento da dor. O primeiro medicamento baseado nos canabinóides endógenos um antagonista do recetor CB1, o rimonabant foi aprovado para o tratamento da obesidade, contudo este foi retirado por questões de segurança. Atualmente existem várias evidências que demonstram haver interesse clínico dos canabinóides e da sua aplicação terapêutica, contudo, os seus efeitos secundários limitam a sua aplicação e autorização. One of the great challenges of Pharmaceutical Chemistry has to do with the discovery of new chemical structures that serve as the basis for new therapeutic agents. For a long time, plants were almost exclusively available for the Man in therapy. The therapeutic use of cannabis sativa or its derivatives has been known for many years however, the study of its properties, its analogs and cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and the enzymes involved in their metabolism is very recent. After the discovery of endogenous cannabinoids, scientific studies have focused on the investigation of its clinical potential. In some countries, derivatives of cannabis constitute a pharmacological option in the stimulation of appetite and in the treatment of pain. The first drug based on endogenous cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, rimonabant has been approved for the treatment of obesity however, it was withdrawn for safety reasons. Currently there are several evidences that show that there is clinical interest of cannabinoids and their therapeutic application, however, their side effects limit its application and its permit.

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Blandeau, Jérôme. "Le cannabis et son usage thérapeutique". Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P089.

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Bernoussi, Amal. "Addiction au cannabis et personnalité limite". Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20036.

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La recherche présentée trouve son origine dans une double problématique : d'une part la mise en évidence de l'addiction au cannabis et d'autre part le lien articulant l'addiction au cannabis et les aménagements caractériels de la personnalité limite ("névrose de caractère" et "psychose de caractère"). Dans ce cadre, nous avons formulé l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'estime de soi, l'implication comportementale, le système d'activité et la représentation du discours social définissent le type d'aménagement caractériel du sujet addict au cannabis ("névrose de caractère" et "psychose de caractère"). La première phase de notre recherche est la caractérisation de notre échantillon. Notre population se compose de 70 sujets addicts au cannabis, sélectionnés selon des critères d'inclusion précis : questionnaire de dépendance au cannabis, Addiction severity index et critères de la personnalité limites selon le DSM IV. La seconde phase explore notre hypothèse générale à partir de l'estime de soi, de l'implication comportementale, du système d'activité et de la représentation du discours social. Pour tester notre hypothèse et ses liaisons, nous avons utilisé comme outils d'évaluation la Self esteem iventory, le Hand test, la Telic dominance scale et l'entretien semistructuré. En effet, l'estime de soi, le système d'activité et la représentation du discours social sont des composantes discriminatives des sujets addicts au cannabis de notre échantillon. L'implication comportementale est faiblement significative pour pouvoir différencier les sujets addicts au cannabis selon leurs aménagements caractériels. En conclusion, nous pouvons dire que l'aménagement caractériel du sujet addict au cannabis a une influence sur la consommation du cannabis. L'addiction au cannabis est contrôlée si l'aménagement caractériel est de type "névrose de caractère" ; par contre elle sera renforcée si l'aménagement de caractère est de type "psychose de caractère"
The research presented originates in a double set of problems : on the one hand revelation of cannabis addiction and on the other hand the link between cannabis addiction and borderline personality adaptation ("character neurosis" and "character psychosis"). With this aim in mind, we hypothesized that self esteem, behavioral involvement, activity system and representation of the rules and expectations of society define the type of personality adjustment of cannabis addict ("character neurosis" et "character psychosis"). The first phase of our research consisted of characterization of the sample. Our population consisted of 70 cannabis addict selected according to precise inclusion criteria (the cannabis dependency questionnaire, the Addiction severity index and criteria of bordreline personnahty according to the DSM IV). The second phase investigated our general hypothesis based on self-esteem, behavioral involvement, activity system and representation of the rules and expectations of society. In order to test our hypothesis and its correlations, we used the following evaluation tools : the Self esteem inventory, Hand test, the Telic dominance scale and the semi-structured interview mode. Self esteem, activity system and representation of the rules and expectations of society are in fact discriminant components of the cannabis addicts in our sample. Behavioral involvement was weakly significant in differentiating cannabis addicts according to personality adjustment. In conclusion, the personality adjustment of the cannabis addict, has an influence on cannabis consumption. Cannabis addiction is controlled if personality adjustment is of "character neurosis" type, but on the other hand addiction will be reinforced if the adjustment is of "character psychosis" type

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Smith, Alex. "Cannabis confusion : criminalization and decriminalization revisited". Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19072.

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Zorica, Drinić. "Ekstrakcija industrijske konoplje (Cannabis sativa L.)". Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2020. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=114780&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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U okviru ovog rada izvršeno je ispitivanje različitih procesa ekstrakcije herbe industrijske konoplje. Za ekstrakciju određenih bioaktivnih jedinjenja primenjene su klasične tehnike ekstrakcije, maceracija i Soxhlet ekstrakcija, dok su od savremenih metoda primenjene ultrazvučna ekstrakcija, mikrotalasna ekstrakcija, ekstrakcija vodom u subkritičnom stanju i ekstrakcija ugljendioksidom u superkritičnom stanju. Praćenjem uticaja ulaznih promenjivih (procesnih parametara) na odabrane izlazne promenjive (sadržaj bioaktivnih jedinjenja ili antioksidativnu aktivnost) za svaku tehniku ekstrakcije pojedinačno utvrđeni su optimalni uslovi ekstrakcije. Nakon izvršenog poređenja odabrana je najadekvatnija tehnika ekstrakcije za pripremu tečnog ekstrakta koji će biti transformisan u suvi ekstrakt primenom metode sušenja raspršivanjem. Prilikom dobijanja suvog ekstrakta ispitan je uticaj različite koncentracije nosača na kvalitet ekstrakata i efikasnost sušenja. Dobijeni ekstrakti su okarakterisani u pogledu fizičkih i hemijskih osobina. Sadržaj kanabinoida u tečnim ekstraktima suve herbe industrijske konoplje ispitanih u ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji je bio u opsegu od 0,4314 mg/mL CBD-a i 0,0364 mg/mL THC-a (u optimalnom ekstraktu dobijenom maceracijom) do 1,0420 mg/mL CBD-a i 0,0430 mg/mL THC-a (u optimalnom ekstraktu dobijenom mikrotalasnom ekstrakcijom). U ekstraktima koji su nepolarnog karaktera i koji su dobijeni primenom Soxhlet ekstrakcije sadržaj CBD-a i THC-a je bio 64,40 i 2,90 mg/g, dok je primenom superkritične ekstrakcije dobijen sadržaj CBD-a i THC-a u opsegu od 76,1193 do 163,1111 mg/g i od 4,1746 do 6,5803 mg/g. Tečni ekstrakti dobijeni primenom vode i etanola kao ekstragensa bili su bogati flavonoidima i fenolima, a utvrđeno je i da imaju značajnu antioksidativnu aktivnost, dok su ekstrakti dobijeni Soxhlet ekstrakcijom i ekstrakcijom ugljendioksidom u superkritičnom stanju bili bogati lipofilnim jedinjenjima i terpenima. Ovako dobijeni ekstrakti predstavljaju visokovredne proizvode koji imaju veliki potencijal za upotrebu u farmaceutskoj industriji.
Various extraction processes of the aerial parts of industrial hemp were examined. From classic extractions, maceration and Soxhlet extraction were applied, while from novel methods, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, subcritical water extraction and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction were applied. By monitoring the influence of the input variables on the selected output variables for each extraction, the optimal extraction conditions were determined separately. After a comparison of all the extraction processes tested, microwave-assisted extraction was selected to prepare the liquid extract for spray drying. The effect of different carrier concentrations was examined during the preparation of the dry extract. The extracts obtained were characterized in terms of physical and chemical properties. The content of cannabinoids in liquid extracts of dry Cannabis sativa herba examined ranged from 0.4314 mg/mL for CBD and 0.0364 mg/mL for THC in the optimum extract obtained by maceration to 1.0420 mg/mL for CBD and 0.0430 mg/mL for THC in the optimum extract obtained by microwave-assisted extraction. The CBD and THC content in extract obtained by Soxhlet extraction was 64.4000 mg/mL and 2.9000 mg/mL, respectively, while the highest content of CBD and THC in the supercritical carbon dioxide extract was 163.11 and 6.5803 mg/g. In addition to cannabinoids, the liquid extracts obtained were rich in phenols and flavonoids, and have considerable antioxidant activity, while the extracts obtained by Soxhlet extraction and supercritical carbon dioxide were rich in lipophilic compounds and terpenes. The extracts mentioned above are high value products which have great potential for implementation in the pharmaceutical industry.

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Cheneau, Aline Jolliet Pascale. "Consommation de cannabis par les jeunes". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/PHcheneau.pdf.

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Rubin, Kevin. "The Regulatory Transformation in Using Medicinal Cannabis to Treat Disease in the United States". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6804.

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Therapeutic benefits of medicinal cannabis are well documented in the treatment of a variety of medical conditions. There is not, however, a nationally consistent delivery system, which has prevented many patients from realizing these benefits. Using policy feedback theory as the foundation, the purpose of this general qualitative study was to better understand how state-level regulatory efforts in medicinal cannabis may provide guidance on formulating national public policies that are beneficial to patients. This study compared 3 core tenets of NORML, an authority in the cannabis industry, against the policies of 3 states with exemplary state medical cannabis programs. The tenets included access to whole-plant cannabis, wide latitude for doctors to decide treatment regimens, and the right to cultivation for personal use. Data collected from publicly available documents such as legislative archives, state government websites, cannabis coalition groups, and media coverage of medicinal cannabis legislation were deductively coded and subjected to a cross-case analysis procedure. Findings indicated a lack of full alignment with NORML's core tenets as well as significant gaps between research on the efficacy of medical cannabis and the regulatory systems governing delivery within the states. Future policy makers may consider these results in devising nationwide legislation to research and recognize the medicinal use of cannabis, thus addressing the identified need for a uniform delivery system in the US for patients in need of cannabis for medical purposes. This study may contribute to positive social change through recommendations to federal legislators for creating a national government model for patient access to medicinal cannabis.

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Stanic, Amanda, i Irma Tataragic. "Cannabis och oral hälsa - En överblick över fysiologisk påverkan samt orala följder och risker vid bruk av cannabis". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19908.

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Denna litteraturstudie syftar till att ge en överblick i vad cannabis är för drog samt en överblick över fysiologisk påverkan samt orala följder och risker vid bruk av cannabis. Det kan konstateras att patienter som brukar eller missbrukar cannabis placeras i en riskgrupp för inflammationer och infektioner i munhålan. Exempel på sjukdomstillstånd som cannabisbrukare är utsatta för är gingivit, parodontit, xerostomi, karies, oral cancer, cannabis stomatit och candida albicans.Cannabis påverkar nästintill alla system i kroppen, speciellt det kardiovaskulära- och respiratoriska systemet samt immunsystemet. En direkt påverkan av den aktiva substansen delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) på det kardiovaskulära systemet kan leda till en hjärtrusning på grund av en förhöjd puls. Den aktiva substansen har även en direkt påverkan på immuncellernas aktivitet genom att ha en immunosuppressiv effekt på makrofager, T- och B-lymfocyter.Rökning av cannabis kan bidra till en kronisk inflammation av den orala mukosan. Detta kan vara svårt att se eftersom cannabis maskerar de inflammatoriska kardinaltecknen. En annan bieffekt av cannabisbruk som kan ses i munnen är candida albicans, en svamp som förekommer mer frekvent hos cannabisrökare än hos tobaksrökare och icke-rökare. Eftersom drogen har en parasympatisk egenskap kan det skapa kliniska symptom för xerostomi i både mun och hals.Sammanfattningsvis är det viktigt för en vårdgivare att känna igen en missbrukare för att kunna ge en adekvat behandling. Behandling av påverkade individer kan resultera i att patienten upplever akut ångest, dysfori och psykosliknande paranoida tankar.

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Kędzior, Karina Karolina. "Chronic cannabis use and attention-modulated prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in humans /". Connect to this title, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0027.

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Maciel, Laura de Amorim [UNIFESP]. "Análise dos critérios diagnósticos de dependência (DSM-IV) entre usuários diários de maconha". Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2009. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/8931.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-27
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Psicofarmacologia (AFIP)
Objetivo: Analisar entre usuários diários de cannabis, os sinais e sintomas da Síndrome de Dependência de Substância, tendo como referência os critérios diagnósticos do DSM-IV. Métodos: Foi utilizado o referencial qualitativo de pesquisa. A amostra intencional, de usuários diários de maconha da omunidade, foi composta por “bola de neve”. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, individuais e anônimas, com base nos critérios do Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais (DSM-IV). As entrevistas foram gravadas, para posterior transcrição e análise de conteúdo categorial. Resultados: Participaram deste estudo 24 pessoas (15 homens), com idades entre 18 a 49 anos. Apenas um entrevistado relatou compulsão para o uso. Os demais mencionaram planejamento do uso em suas rotinas diárias,sem identificar redução de atividades consideradas importantes. Prejuízo de memória foi citada por 17 entrevistados.Não foi relatada tolerância para a sensação de relaxamento, principal motivação para a continuidade do uso. Sintomas nos períodos de abstinência (irritação, insîonia e redução do apetite) se aproximaram mais de sentimentos de frustração e/ou dos conceitos de efeito rebote ou off-set. Apesar de apenas quatro terem preenchido diagnóstico de dependência, 16 se consideravam dependentes. Conclusões: Os critérios diagnósticos do DSM-IV podem não identificar usuários diários de cannabis como dependentes, ainda que eles se considerem. As especificidades em relação à tolerância e controle/compulsão parecem diminuir a probabilidade de preenchimento de critérios diagnósticos.
Aim: To study the DSM-IV criteria for substance dependence among daily cannabis users. Methods: A qualitative method and an intentional sample of daily cannabis users in the community were adopted in this investigation, which was conducted in Sao Paulo, Brazil. In-depth, semi-structured interviews based on the DSM-IV criteria for substance dependence were held individually. The interviews were recorded and transcribed for posterior content analyses. Results: 24 people (15 men) aged 18-49 years participated in this study. Only one participant reported compulsive use, while the others planned cannabis use through their daily routine without reducing the frequency in which engaged in important activities. Impairments on the short-term memory were reported by 17 participants. There was no report of tolerance towards the sensation of relaxation, which was claimed to be the main motivation for continued use. Symptoms during the abstinence periods (irritation, insomnia and appetite reduction) were more likely to be some frustration feeling for not being able to smoke marijuana and/or rebound or off-set effects. Despite the fact only four participants were diagnosed dependent (DSM-IV), 16 considered themselves dependent. Conclusions: The DSM-IV diagnoses criteria might not identify cannabis daily users as dependents, despite the fat that they considered themselves dependents. The specificities regarding tolerance and control/compulsion seem to reduce the probability of establishing diagnoses of dependence.
FAPESP: 06/58658-8
FAPESP: 07/50783-0
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

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Agaton, Niklas. "Cannabis - i dag och i morgon : Reflektionsrapport". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-118073.

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Som examensarbete har jag producerat en film om Cannabis. En pilot om 22 minuter avsedd att användas som pitch inför en större dokumentär. I piloten har jag intervjuat fyra personer med olika erfarenheter och åsikter kring ämnet. Professor Ted Goldberg, professor Fred Nyberg, socialsekreterare Helene Adamee och en före detta cannabismissbrukare. Dessa intervjuer har jag därefter redigerat ihop till en pilot som tar upp ämnen som varför ungdomar börjar röka cannabis, det faktum att det pågår en förändring inom den globala drogpolitiken som kan få konsekvenser för Sverige, samt olika åsikter kring vår aktuella narkotikapolitik. Jag spelar själv en aktiv roll i piloten som en journalist, och före detta cannabismissbrukare, som nu är på jakt efter svaren till de frågor mitt missbruk genererat.

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Markevičiūtė, Greta. "Cannabis sativa L. morfogenezės indukcija in vitro". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130621_111136-92173.

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Magistrantūros studijų baigiamajame darbe pateikiami sėjamosios kanapės eksplanto tipo ir maitinamosios terpės sudėties poveikio mofogenezei in vitro tyrimų rezultatai. Darbo objektas – sėjamosios kanapės stiebo ir lapkočio segmentai. Darbo metodai: Sėjamosios kanapės eksplantai auginti MS, B5 ir White maitinamosiose terpėse, papildytose įvairiais augimo reguliatorių deriniais. Vertintas kaliaus susiformavimo dažnis (%), ūglių susiformavimo dažnis (%) ir šaknų susiformavimo dažnis (%). Darbo rezultatai. Sėjamosios kanapės morfogenezės procesas didžiąja dalimi priklauso nuo bazinės maitinamosios terpės sudėties. Izoliuoti stiebo segmentai intensyviausiai kalių indukavo bazinėje B5 maitinamojoje terpėje, o lapkočio segmentai − B5 maitinamojoje terpėje, papildytoje 1,0 mg l-1 TDZ + 0,5 mg l-1 NAR arba 1,0 mg l-1 KIN + 0,5 mg l-1 NAR. Pridėtinių ūglių formavimasis intensyviausiai vyko bazinėje B5 maitinamojoje terpėje, papildytoje 1,0 mg l-1 TDZ + 0,5 mg l-1 NAR (iš stiebo segmento audinių) ir 1,0 mg l-1 KIN + 0,5 mg l-1 NAR (iš lapkočio audinių). Izoliuoti stiebo segmentai didžiausiu dažniu šaknis formavo B5 maitinamojoje terpėje, papildytoje 1,0 mg l-1 KIN + 0,5 mg l-1 NAR, o lapkočio segmentai − 1,0 mg l-1 TDZ + 0,5 mg l-1 NAR. Tirti stiebo segmentai pasižymėjo didesne geba formuoti kalių, pridėtinius ūglius ir šaknis nei izoliuoti lapkočio segmentai.
The master work presents the effect of explants type and medium composition on morphogenesis in vitro of hemp. Object of the research – stem segments and leafstalk of hemp. Research methods. To study hemp morphogenesis in vitro hypocotyls and leafstalk were used as explants. Explants were placed on MS, B5 and White media supplemented with different combinations of growth regulators. The percentage of callus formation, shoot induction and root formation were evaluated. Research results. The current study indicates that there is strong medium composition effect on morphogenesis in vitro of hemp. From tested media most intensive callus genesis was observed on B5 medium, but from leafstalk – on B5 medium with 1.0 mg l-1 TDZ + 0.5 mg l-1 NAA or 1.0 mg l-1 KIN + 0.5 mg l-1 NAA. The growth regulators combination 1.0 mg l-1 TDZ + 0.5 mg l-1 NAA on B5 media was the most suitable for stem segments shoots induction while growth regulators combination 1.0 mg l-1 KIN + 0.5 mg l-1 NAA promoted the highest frequency of shoots induction from leafstalk segments. The highest root formation frequency was observed on the same basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l-1 KIN + 0.5 mg l-1 NAA from stem segments, but from leafstalk – on B5 medium with 1.0 mg l-1 TDZ + 0.5 mg l-1 NAA. Generally, the stem segments exhibited a higher morphogenic response than leafstalk of hemp.

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Ward, David John Deen. "Exploring the relationship between cannabis and panic". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10231.

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1.1 Background: Despite Cannabis being the most widely used recreational drug in the western world (Earlywine, 2002) little is known about its potential association with anxiety and panic pathology. 1.2 Literature Review: A systematic literature review was conducted with twenty-nine studies critically reviewed. Papers suggested contradictory and equivocal results across all research designs and anxiety disorders. Whilst a significant number of studies have observed an association between cannabis and anxiety/anxiety disorders, the nature and direction of that association is still a point of contention. 1.3 Research Report: No known British empirical research has focused on exploring relationships between cannabis and panic attacks. Also no known research has investigated the differential effects of consuming different types of cannabis on panic pathology. Inspired somewhat on established research (e.g. Zolvensky et al., 2006a) a cross-sectional study was undertaken to explore the potential relationship between cannabis and anxiety. A self-selecting opportunity sample of 306 students drawn from both of Leicester’s universities completed a battery of questionnaires concerning cannabis use, tobacco use, panic attack history, alcohol use, poly-substance use and various psychometrics. Significant levels of both cannabis use and panic attack history were reported among the sample. Survival analysis revealed cannabis users were of significant increased risk (OR 2.01) of experiencing a panic attack compared to non-users. Mann-Whitney analysis found cannabis users who use mainly high potency ‘sensimillia’ experienced significantly more lifetime panic attacks than those who used other types. Limitations are explored. 1.4 Implications: The research report concludes that cannabis use is a risk factor in experiencing panic attacks and experiencing more lifetime attacks. High potency cannabis further increases this risk. Education for substance misuse and mental health professionals is recommended along with cannabis use forming part of assessment for panic attacks/disorder. 1.5 Critical Appraisal: Reflective appraisal of the research process is presented alongside key learning points.

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Tinnerholm, Vikström Alexander. "Cannabis påverkan på kognitiva funktioner : – en litteraturstudie". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för arbets- och folkhälsovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-18804.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cannabis use can affect cognitive functions. The method that was chosen to answer the purpose of the study was a general literature review. Article search occurred in the databases PsycINFO and PubMed. Nine articles were selected based on the study’s inclusion criteria. These studies was then analysed to see that they matched the criterias that were selected in the study regarding study quality. The results show that cannabis use can affect cognitive functions. Though it is not certainly established that the use of cannabis always leads to a negative impact on cognitive functions, two of the nine included studies showed that this was not the case. It was possible to see that cannabis use can lead to a change in activity in regions of the brain that are associated with cognitive function. Seven out of nine studies showed that cannabis use leads to a negative impact on cognitive functions, particularly in the form of memory impairment.

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McArdle, Elizabeth Karen. "Pharmacokinetic interactions of constituents of cannabis extracts". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415480.

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The use of a whole plant cannabis extract, containing D⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) as the principal constituents, showed statistically significant improvements in the management of multiple sclerosis. Inhibition studies (e.g. IC₅₀ and K_i determinations) using phenotyped human liver microsomes and cDNA expressed human P450s (Supersomesâ demonstrated that CBD competitively inhibits the principal P450s involved in the THC biotransformation, CYP2C9 (K_i = 0.5 mM), CYP2C19) (K_i = 0.4 mM) and CYP3A4 (K_i = 0.07 mM. CBD inhibition of CYP3A4 was mechanism-based, which suggests that a CBD metabolite (e.g. CBD-hydroxyquinone) is involved in CYP3A4 inhibition. CBD differentially induced rat P450s, whereas THC had no discernible effects on rat P450s. CBD significantly increased CYP1A2 protein at 150 mg kg^-1, but showed no change in mRNA expression. In addition, CYP1A-dependent activity was inhibited by < 80 % by CBD. These results suggest that CBD may bind tightly to and modify the CYP1A2 active site, thereby stabilising the protein but preventing substrate interaction. The significant increase in CYP2B1 mRNA implies that CBD transcriptionally regulates CYP2B, perhaps by activating CAR or through “cross-talk” by PXR. The 4-fold increase in CYP3A23 mRNA level suggests that CBD may be a weak ligand for PXR or that CBD is acting via CAR, which can also bind to response elements on the CYP3A23 gene. CBD is a potent inhibitor of P450-catalysed THC metabolism in vitro however pharmacokinetic modelling predicted that the therapeutic level of CBD (low nM range) after sublingual co-administration of THC and CBD (10 mg of each) was insufficient to inhibit THC metabolism of other human volunteers. This does not rule out the potential for CBD to inhibit the metabolism of other co-administered drugs in vivo. CBD may also induce the human orthologues of rat P450s, mainly CYP2B6 and CYP3A4, following extended periods of administration at high doses.

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Al-Khaleefah, Bader Khaled. "Markers to determine origin of cannabis samples". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293197.

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Esmail, Adnan M. "Cannabis sativa : an optimization study for ROI". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59909.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 25-29).
Despite hemp's multifarious uses in over 30 countries ranging from the manufacture of paper to specialty textiles, construction, animal feed, and fuel, its acceptance in the US has been shunned because of its association with marijuana, as a drug. While hemp and marijuana are varieties of Cannabis sativa, their similarity ends there. In reality, the growth of industrial hemp adjacent to marijuana results in cross-pollination that radically reduces potency of marijuana. Although restricted in the United States, industrial hemp farming is growing rapidly in many other countries, including Canada, France and China. Within many of these countries, hemp is grown in different ways and under different conditions to optimize cultivation of particular components of the plant, for either agro-practices or industrial and consumer demands. This study substantiates great economic prospects for cultivars, processors, and industrial partners in the legalization of industrial hemp farming. Hemp has also consistently demonstrated a versatility to grow and adapt to many soil, climatic and environmental conditions. Additionally, hemp improves the land by ridding it of weeds and insects, helping prepare it for rotation crops. Hemp's various components are capable of contributing to different industries with yields that are on par with competing crops like cotton, corn, and soybean, making it a financially attractive rotation crop with many auxiliary benefits. This study recommends hemp be planted as a rotation crop in approximately 25 plants/m 2 to optimize yield of both grain and straw in roughly 5 months. Given the potential for hemp to be the most economically viable agro-industry, with incredible ROI and close to effortless farming and cultivation on even the most challenging terrains, it is high time to legalize the production and farming of this non-psychotic plant for the many reasons contained in this report.
by Adnan M. Esmail.
S.B.

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Kane, Fergus. "Contextual processing in psychosis and cannabis use". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/contextual-processing-in-psychosis-and-cannabis-use(6a82be4d-f174-4a49-97b4-50b6ba1b531d).html.

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Introduction: Cognitive models of psychosis highlight the role of underlying differences in cognitive function and information processing in the development and maintenance of psychotic symptoms. As a result there is now an interest in developing a greater understanding of these cognitive changes, in order to guide the development of evidence-based therapeutic interventions. An influential cognitive model of psychosis suggests that the core underlying cognitive difference in psychosis may be one of altered contextual processing. Recent work has suggested that this may be reflected in differential perception of visual illusions. However, it is not clear if such differences are present early in the development of psychosis. Such differences have also been reported to be associated with cannabis use. Further, it has been suggested that, in addition to being risk factors for the development of psychosis, psychoactive substances such as cannabis may provide a useful model for understanding psychosis. The current thesis thus investigated, in two separate studies: (1) the consequences of cannabis use on contextual visual processing and (2), whether reported contextual processing differences in psychosis are present at illness onset. Study One: Two main hypotheses were tested. A. That THC, a key cannabis compound would reduce contextual visual suppression as measured using the Chubb illusion, and that this effect would be reduced via pre-treatment with another cannabis compound, cannabidiol (CBD). B. That THC would transiently induce symptoms of psychosis and that this increase would be reduced via CBD pre-treatment. No evidence was found to support the primary hypothesis. However, the secondary hypothesis was supported by the data. Study Two: The primary hypothesis was that contextual visual suppression, again measured with the Chubb illusion, would be reduced in patients with first episode psychosis relative to a control group. Although not significant, the data supported this hypothesis. Discussion: The results of Study One indicate that THC does not reduce visual contextual suppression as measured by the Chubb illusion. This is in contrast to evidence from other illusions, and may reflect different neural mechanisms underlying contextual visual processing. However, the study provided clear evidence that THC can induce psychotic symptoms and that this effect can be reduced by CBD pre-treatment. Study Two replicates previous findings of reduced contextual processing in psychosis and provides evidence that this may be present from the onset of illness. These findings are discussed and interpreted with regards to study limitations, clinical implications and future work.

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Dany, Lionel. "La drogue et le cannabis : approche psychosociale". Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX10073.

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Ce travail doctoral constitue une analyse psychociale de la drogue et du cannabis en référence au champ conceptuel des réprésentations sociales. Quatre points d'ancrage permettent d'illustrer ce projet : la nécessité d'une analyse centrée sur le sens pour étudier la drogue et le cannabis, le choix des "jeunes" comme population de référence, le questionnement des enjeux de la situation sociale de l'objet dans l'analyse des réprésentations sociales et la prise en compte de la "distance à l'objet" comme paradigme du lien à l'objet. Notre programme de recherche s'est inscrit dans une démarche pluri-méthodologique (entretiens, questionnaires, analyse de produits culturels) associée à une perspective de triangulation. L'ensemble des données nous a permis de spécifier l'impact des enjeux générationnels et des évolutions sociétales sur les représentations de la drogue et de mettre en évidence le rôle important des divers contextes normatifs opérants sur la reconstruction de sens sur l'objet cannabis. Dans un autre registre, les recherches effectuées posent la question essentielle des choix méthodologiques (cf. Questionnaire de mise en cause) au regard du statut psychosocial des objets de représentation étudiés. Enfin, nos résultats ont permis de valider l'intérêt d'une conceptualisation du lien à l'objet sous forme de distance.

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Spechler, Philip Aaron. "Biobehavioral Predictors Of Cannabis Use In Adolescence". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1122.

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Cannabis use initiated during adolescence may precipitate lasting consequences on the brain and behavioral health of the individual. However, research on the risk factors for cannabis use during adolescence has been largely cross-sectional in design. Despite the few prospective studies, even less is known about the neurobiological predictors. This dissertation improves on the extant literature by leveraging a large longitudinal study to uncover the predictors of cannabis use in adolescent samples collected prior to exposure. All data were drawn from the IMAGEN study and contained a large sample of adolescents studied at age 14 (N=2,224), and followed up at age 16 and 19. Participants were richly characterized using psychosocial questionnaires, structural and functional MRI, and genetic measurements. Two hypothesis-driven studies focused on amygdala reactivity and two data-driven studies across the feature domains were completed to characterize cannabis use in adolescence. The first study was cross-sectional and identified bilateral amygdala hyperactivity to angry faces in a sample reporting cannabis use by age 14 (n=70). The second study determined this amygdala effect was predictive of cannabis use by studying a sample of cannabis-naïve participants at age 14 who then used cannabis by age 19 (n=525). A dose-response relationship was observed such that heavy cannabis users exhibited higher amygdala reactivity. Exploratory analyses suggested amygdala reactivity decreased from age 14 to 19 within the cannabis sample, although statistical significance was not found. In the third study, data-driven machine learning analyses predicted cannabis initiation by age 16 separately for males (n=207) and females (n=158) using data from all feature domains. These analyses identified a sparse set of shared psychosocial predictors, whereas the identified brain predictors exhibited sex- and drug-specificity. Additional analyses predicted initiation by age 19 and identified a sparse set of psychosocial predictors for females only (n=145). The final study improved on drug-specificity by performing differential prediction analyses between matched samples of participants who initiated cannabis+binge drinking vs. binge drinking only by age 16 (males n=178; females n=148). A sparse subset of psychosocial predictors identified in the third study was reproduced, and novel brain predictors were identified. Those analyses were unique as they compared two machine learning algorithms, namely regularized logistic regression and random forest analyses. These studies substantiated the use of both hypothesis- and data-driven prediction analyses applied to large longitudinal datasets. They also addressed common issues related to human addiction research by examining sex-differences and drug-specificity. Critically, these studies uncovered predictors of use in samples collected prior to cannabis-exposure. The identified predictors are therefore disentangled from consequences of use. Results from all studies inform etiological mechanisms influencing cannabis use in adolescence. These findings can also be used to stratify risk in vulnerable adolescents and inform targets for interventions designed to curb use.

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Loeprich, Barbara. "Implementation of the CRAFFT Cannabis Screening Tool". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5218.

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Cannabis use among teenagers in Canada is a concern because of the long-term and irreversible effects cannabis has on the developing body and mind. Nurses can be instrumental in screening for cannabis abuse by implementing a tool to assess for substance use disorder (SUD) and triage drug users to appropriate treatment. This project focused on how to implement the CRAFFT screening tool while gaining insight of the practitioner's knowledge base about the tool and how SUD is being screened for, currently. The CRAFFT screening tool aligns with the DSM-IV's SUD diagnosis criteria, allowing for efficient identification of those at risk for SUDs. Rotter's social-behavioural learning theory is presented to provide a greater understanding of how one's environment affects SUDs. Sources of evidence were primary health care providers (N = 10) at the health centre where this project was conducted. Data were collected before and after the participants engaged in the learning module on the CRAFFT screening tool. A descriptive analysis found that being acquainted with the tool allowed health care providers to understand the significance of screening for cannabis use among young adults and teenagers and to have more detailed documentation of patients' relationships with cannabis. The screening tool was favoured by 90% of the participants for cannabis use assessment after learning about the tool with this project. Nine out of ten of the participants indicated that they will now use the tool to aide in identifying SUD. Once SUD has been identified with the use of the CRAFFT screening tool, 80% of the participants indicated that they would refer their patients for further assessment and treatment for this substance abuse, which would promote positive social change.

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