Rozprawy doktorskie: „Cancer – Nutritional aspects”

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Trotter, James Marshall. "Nutrition and cancer : studies on nutritional abnormalities, nutritional support and protein metabolism in malnourished cancer patients /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdt858.pdf.

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Ambrosini, Gina L. "Dietary risk factors for prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia". University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0135.

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[Truncated abstract] This thesis examines the potential role of dietary intake in the development of two common conditions affecting the prostate gland; prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Diet is of interest as a potential risk factor for prostate cancer because of geographical variations in prostate cancer incidence and increased prostate cancer risks associated with migration from Asian to western countries. Some geographical variation has been suggested for BPH, but this is less certain. However, both prostate cancer and BPH have potential links with diet through their positive associations with sex hormone levels, metabolic syndrome, increased insulin levels and chronic inflammation. In addition, zinc is an essential dietary micronutrient required for semen production in the prostate gland. The original work for this thesis is presented in six manuscripts of which, four have been published in peer-reviewed journals (at the time of thesis completion). BPH investigated in this thesis is defined as surgically-treated BPH. The following hypotheses were investigated. Regarding foods, nutrients and the risk of prostate cancer and BPH: 1. Increasing intakes of fruits, vegetables and zinc are inversely associated with the risk of prostate cancer and BPH 2. Increasing intakes of total fat and calcium are positively associated with the risk of prostate cancer and BPH. 3. Dietary patterns characterised by high meat, processed meat, calcium and fat content are positively associated with the risk of prostate cancer and BPH. 4. Dietary patterns characterised by high fruit and vegetable and low meat content are inversely associated with the risk of prostate cancer and BPH. v Regarding methodological issues related to the study of diet-disease relationships: 5. Dietary patterns (overall diet) elicited from principal components analysis yield stronger diet-disease associations than when studying isolated nutrients. 6. Remotely recalled dietary intake is reliable enough to be used in studies of chronic disease with long latency periods, such as prostate cancer and BPH. Methods: Data from two studies was used to address the hypotheses above. ... Based on the literature reviewed and the original work for this thesis, the most important dietary risk factors for prostate cancer and BPH appear to be those common to western style diets, i.e. diets high in red meat, processed meat, refined grains, dairy products, and low in fruit and vegetables. This type of diet is likely to result in marginal intakes of antioxidants and fibre, excess intakes of fat and possibly, moderate intakes of carcinogens associated with processed meat and meat cooked at high temperatures. These dietary factors have been linked with biomarkers of inflammation, and they support the hypotheses that chronic inflammation is involved in the development of both prostate cancer and BPH. In addition, this work builds on evidence that zinc is an important factor in prostate health. There is scope for more investigation into the reliability of dietary patterns and the use of nutrient patterns as an alternative to focussing on single food components. Further studies on the reliability of remote dietary intake would also be useful. Because of the latency of chronic disease, it can be theorised that remote dietary recall may uncover more robust diet-disease relationships.

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Klopper, Tanya. "Safety and efficacy of n-3 enriched nutritional supplements in the management of cancer cachexia". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1554.

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Thesis (MNutr (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
Background At least 40 - 80% of all cancer patients develop some degree of clinical malnutrition and cachexia. The complex and multi-factorial nature of cancer cachexia and the inability of conventional nutrition intervention to reverse or attenuate the effects of this syndrome have driven investigators to consider new therapies and approaches to manage the syndrome of cancer cachexia including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an n-3 fatty acid of fish oil origin. Objectives The aim of this study was to review Phase I, Phase II and Phase III (RCT) trials investigating the safety and efficacy of n-3 supplementation in the treatment of cancer cachexia in adult patients with unresectable solid tumours, with special reference to weight loss, body composition, appetite, dietary intake, energy expenditure, functional status, acute phase response and quality of life. Adverse effects associated with EPA supplementation were also reviewed. Methodology and data collection The major databases were systematically searched for studies that met the inclusion criteria using a structured keyword search strategy or various combinations of these keywords. Relevancy of studies was assessed by two independent reviewers according to pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality was assessed by two independent reviewers using the Jadad scale. Data extraction was performed by the principal reviewer and one of the independent reviewers, and investigators of the included studies were contacted where further information was required. Meta-analysis was not appropriate due to heterogeneity of the data. However, where possible, the paired t-test was used for analysis of the data. Descriptive or non-quantitative analysis of the tabulated data provided a summary of the characteristics of the included studies enabling comparisons to be made between interventions and outcomes within the specified population. Results The search resulted in a total of 1408 citations, of which only 16 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, only 4 studies were of a good quality. Although the reported data was incomplete and variable, the combined analyses suggested that the effect of EPA supplementation on weight, fat mass, dietary intake, energy expenditure, and acute phase response was not significant. Interestingly there appeared to be a significant increase increased or decreased? in lean body mass (p<0.05). There was little or no data to draw any conclusions regarding the effect of supplementation on appetite and quality of life. Conclusion Despite several limitations in this review, the data collected and analysed are suggestive of the beneficial effects of EPA supplementation, but there remains a significant lack of substantial evidence and conclusive statistical analysis to confirm that EPA supplementation is a safe and effective method of intervention in the management of patients with cancer cachexia.

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Slegtenhorst, Sonja. "Antioxidant intake in paediatric oncology patients". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18050.

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Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: The role of antioxidants and adequate nutrition in the prevention and course of cancer treatment is globally recognised in nullifying the effects of free radicals and increasing the nutritional status of children during treatment. Objective: To investigate whether children with cancer meet their Dietary Reference Values and Safe Intakes for antioxidants, energy and protein. Design: Single centre prospective study. Setting: Children were recruited from the East of England Primary Treatment Centre using convenience sampling over 8 months. Forty-two children and adolescents diagnosed with a Solid tumour, Lymphoma or Leukaemia were eligible for data analysis (n=20 male; n=22 female). Method: Data was collected with an Estimated Food Record (EFR) in the 1st (EFR1) and 3rd month (EFR2) post-diagnosis. In the week following EFR completion, parents and/or children were contacted to complete four non-consecutive days of 24-hr food recalls. Data was categorised into diet alone, diet + food supplement (FS), tube feeding (tube) or diet + multi-vitamin-mineral supplementation (VMS). Malnutrition was determined by weight-for-age z-scores. Nutrient intake was compared to the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI), the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) and the Lower Recommended Nutrient Intake (LRNI). Result: The sample consisted of 33% (n=14) diagnosed with Leukaemia, 24% (n=10) with Lymphoma and 43% (n=18) with Solid tumours. Sixty seven percent (n=28) underwent chemotherapy and 33% (n=14) a combination of therapies. Significant correlations were seen between the assessment tools in the diet alone category for both months for; vitamins A, C, E, selenium and protein and for EFR1 for zinc and energy. In both months greater numbers of children achieved ≥100% of requirements for diet + VMS (EFR 1; p<0.05; EFR2 p<0.05) than for other feeding modes. Vitamin C achieved the highest intakes compared to the RNI at 773% (EFR1) and 829% (EFR2). Intakes above 200% of the RNI were seen for vitamins A, C, E, selenium and zinc. No significant differences were seen between modes of feeding in either month for selenium or zinc. Vitamin A (EFR1≤ 100% diet alone p<0.05) and zinc (EFR1≤ 100% diet alone p=0.02) met the least of the LRNI in the 1st month compared to other antioxidants. No statistical significant difference was observed between the number of children attaining their EAR’s between the 3 modes of feeding in the 1st month and 3rd month. In the 1st month 27% (n=8) of participants consumed vitamin and/or mineral supplements, 18% in the 3rd month (n=4). In the 1st month 5% (n=2) of children were moderately malnourished and 10% (n=4) in 3rd month. Conversely in the 1st month 3% (n=1) were overweight and 3% (n=1) obese; the leukaemia group predominant. Conclusion: The research tools showed good correlation. Children using vitamin and/or mineral supplements mostly achieved their RNI’s compared to other feeding modes. Across feeding modes some children achieved antioxidant intakes above 200% RNI. LRNI’s on diet alone were not achieved for vitamin A and zinc. The study showed Leukaemics as having a higher prevalence of obesity. More research is required to determine the clinical implications of these findings.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Die rol van anti-oksidante en voldoende voeding in die voorkoming en verloop van kanker behandeling word wêreldwyd erken vir vernietiging van die effek van vry radikale en die verbetering van voedingstatus van kinders tydens behandeling. Doelwit: Om ondersoek in te stel of kinders met kanker hul Dieet Verwysingswaardes en Veilige Innames vir anti-oksidante, energie en proteïen bereik. Ontwerp: Enkel sentrum prospektiewe studie. Omgewing: Kinders was gewerf deur middel van gerieflikheidsteekproefneming oor 8 maande vanaf die “East of England Primary Treatment Centre”. Twee-en-veertig kinders en adolessente gediagnoseer met 'n Soliede tumor, Limfoom of Leukemie het in aanmerking gekom vir dataanalise (n=20 manlik, n=22 vroulik). Metode: Data was ingesamel met ‘n Geskatte Voedsel Rekord (GVR) in die eerste (GVR1) en derde maand (GVR2) na diagnose. In die week na voltooiing van die GVR is ouers en/of kinders gekontak om vier onopeenvolgende dae van 24-uur herroepe te voltooi. Data was verdeel in dieet alleen, dieet + voedsel supplement (VS), buisvoeding (buis) of dieet + multi-vitamien-mineraal supplementasie (VMS). Wanvoeding was bepaal deur middel van gewig-vir-ouderdom z-tellings. Nutriënt inname was vergelyk met die Aanbevole Nutriënt Inname (ANI), die Geskatte Gemiddelde Behoeftes (GGB) en die Laer Aanbevole Nutriënt Inname (LANI). Resultate: Die steekproef het bestaan uit 33% (n=14) gediagnoseer met Leukemie, 24% (n=10) Limfoom en 43% (n=18) Soliede tumore. Sewe-en-sestig persent (n=28) het chemoterapie ontvang en 33% (n=14) ‘n kombinasie van terapieë. Betekenisvolle korrelasies was waargeneem tussen die assesseringsinstrumente in die dieet alleen kategorie vir beide maande vir vitamiene A, C, E, selenium en proteïen en vir GVR1 ook vir sink en energie. In beide maande het ‘n groter aantal kinders ≥100% van hul behoeftes bereik vr dieet+VMS (GVR1; p<0.05; GVR2 p<0.05) as vir ander modi van voeding. Vitamien C het die hoogste innames bereik vergeleke met die ANI teen 773% (GVR1) en 829% (GVR2). Innames bo 200% van die ANI was waargeneem vir vitamiene A, C, E, selenium en sink. Geen betekenisvolle verskille was waargeneem tussen modi van voeding in enige maand vir selenium en sink nie. Vitamien A (GVR1≤100% dieet alleen p<0.05) en sink (GVR1≤100% dieet alleen p=0.02) het die minste van die LANI bereik in die eerste maand vergeleke met ander anti-oksidante. Geen statisties beduidende verskil was waargeneem tussen die aantal kinders wat hul GGB’s bereik het tussen die 3 voedingswyses in die eerste en derde maande nie. In die eerste maand het 27% (n=8) van deelnemers vitamien en/of mineraal supplemente ingeneem, en 18% (n=4) in die derde maand. In die eerste maand was 5% (n=2) van kinders matig wangevoed en 10% (n=4) in die derde maand. In die eerste maand was 3% (n=1) van kinders oorgewig en 3% (n=1) vetsugtig, die leukemie groep spesifiek. Gevolgtrekking: Die navorsingsinstrumente het goeie korrelasie getoon. Kinders wat vitamien en/of mineraal supplemente gebruik het het meestal hul ANI’s bereik vergeleke met ander modi van voeding. Oor voeding modi het sommige kinders anti-oksidant innames bo 200% ANI bereik. LANI’s op dieet alleen was nie bereik vir Vitamien A en sink nie. Hierdie studie het aangetoon dat dié met Leukemia ‘n hoër prevalensie van oorgewig/vetsug getoon het. Meer navorsing is nodig om die kliniese implikasies van die bevindinge te bepaal.

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Van, Zyl Elizma. "Glutamine supplementation in oncology : a systematic review". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5198.

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Thesis (MNutr (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: See full text for abstract
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sien volteks vir opsomming

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Khoo, Kong Kheong. "The influence of metabolic phenotypes upon the development of colorectal neoplasia /". Title page, table of contents and conclusions only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdk45.pdf.

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Taveroff, Arlene. "Metabolic derangements following bone marrow transplantation : an integrated analysis". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74259.

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Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) involves the use of maximal doses of chemotherapy and total body irradiation. As a result, even well-nourished patients exhibit negative nitrogen balance and hypoproteinemia in the post-transplant period, despite a high energy and protein intake from Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN). The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of cytotoxic therapy, with a view toward explaining and improving the response to nutritional support. Stool, urine and serum biochemistry were studied prospectively in 10 BMT patients. Analysis of stool revealed increased sodium and decreased potassium. Examination of serum electrolytes indicated hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. A significant decrease in nitrogen balance, serum albumin and net protein utilization immediately followed the disturbances in serum electrolytes; improvement began as serum sodium and potassium returned to normal. Thus, electrolyte imbalance may have reduced the capacity of cells to utilize nitrogen. Lowering the volume of TPN dramatically decreased serum electrolyte aberrations and improved nitrogen utilization.

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Park, Jin Young. "Diet, lifestyle factors and colorectal cancer risk : with focus on methodological issues". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609120.

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Abel, Stefan. "Fatty acids as cancer preventive tools in the dietary modulation of altered lipid profiles associated with hepatocarcinogenesis". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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This thesis consists of a brief description on cancer, carcinogenesis, the changes in the type and level of dietary fat available in our diets over time and association with the development of certain diseases. The main focus of this research was on omega 6 and omega 3 essential fatty acids (EFA) and their interaction with regards to carcinogenesis.

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Bulcao, Candice. "Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and effects on colon cancer cell biology in vitro". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016128.

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Colon cancer is a leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise have been implicated as important agents in colon cancer development and progression. Epidemiological, in vivo and in vitro studies have found that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reduce colon carcinoma. The role of n-6 PUFAs remains a controversial topic, with studies indicating both promoting and preventing capabilities published. In order to better understand the effects of PUFAs on colon carcinoma, it is important to have an understanding of how they will be broken down in the body. During this study, in silico metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) predicted the formation of hydroxy-, di-hydroxy- and epoxy-FAs. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the detection of these PUFAs and their cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolites. A human liver microsomal system for the in vitro metabolism of EPA, DHA and AA was optimised in terms of microsomal and PUFA concentration. The system resulted in the metabolism of the positive control, lauric acid, to 12-hydroxy-lauric acid but was unable to metabolise the PUFAs of interest. EPA, DHA and AA reduced cell viability in the colon carcinoma cell lines SW480 and SW620 in the micromolar concentration range (25 – 200 μM). The CYP epoxidation metabolite of EPA, 17, 18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (17, 18-EpETE) resulted in a significant reduction in SW480 cell viability relative to the parent compound at lower concentrations (25 and 50 μM). Annexin V apoptosis analysis revealed that EPA and 17, 18- EpETE did not result in apoptosis in SW480 cells at a concentration of 25 μM and over an incubation period of 24 hours. A significant reduction in reactive oxygen species production was seen in SW480 cells after incubation with 25 μM 17, 18-EpETE for 24 hours. EPA and 17, 18-EpETE were implicated in the reduction of colon cancer metastasis since they were able to reduce SW480 migration and anchorage independent cell growth. These results indicate that the dietary intake of EPA, DHA and AA may be beneficial to one’s health due to the negative effects that these PUFAs had on colon carcinoma. Future studies are needed to confirm these benefits and compare the effects of the PUFAs to their CYP-metabolites.

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Carman, Judith Anne. "The metabolic relationship between nutrition and cancer /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc287.pdf.

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Taskinen, Mervi. "Skeletal muscle protein reserves in children with cancer : nutritional and metabolic aspects from diagnosis to long-term follow-up". Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2000. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kliin/vk/taskinen/.

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Xiang, Hong. "Effects and mechanism(s) of isoflavones and their metabolites in hormonal cancer cells in vitro". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27984.

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Isenring, Elisabeth A. "The impact of nutrition support in oncology outpatients receiving radiotherapy to the gastrointestinal or head and neck area". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36795/1/36795_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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Background Malnutrition occurs frequently in patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal (GI) or head and neck area. This can negatively impact on response to therapy, duration and quality of life (QoL) and health-care costs. The lack of formal systems in oncology outpatient settings means that patients at risk of malnutrition, especially those who are obese or within the healthy-weight range, may be overlooked. The majority of studies investigating nutrition support in the oncology setting have focused on the impact of enteral or parenteral nutrition. Effects on patient outcomes were mixed. However, inappropriate study designs and goals of nutrition support, or inadequate nutrition support and follow up may have ameliorated these effects. Outcomes which were investigated have often focused on single biochemical and clinical issues and have overlooked the service delivery and more qualitative aspects of care such as, QoL and patient satisfaction. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of early and intensive nutrition support on a range of outcomes including nutritional status, body composition and QoL compared to usual practice in oncology outpatients receiving radiotherapy to the GI or head and neck area. Methods A prospective, randomised-controlled trial was conducted. All outpatients commencing at least five weeks of radiotherapy to the GI or head and neck area at a private Australian radiation-oncology facility during a 12-month period were eligible for inclusion. Persons were deemed ineligible if they were: under the age of 18 years; hospital inpatients for greater than five days; receiving enteral or parenteral nutrition; or not able to provide informed consent. Outcome parameters were measured at baseline and four, eight, and twelve weeks after commencing radiotherapy treatment. Wherever possible valid and reliable outcome measures were used. Other measures were developed and trialled. Nutritional status was measured using Subjective Global Assessment and the scored Patient-Generated-Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) questionnaire. QoL was measured by the European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 questionnaire, version 3. Patient satisfaction was measured with the Patient Satisfaction with Nutrition Services questionnaire within 10 days of completing the 12-week study. Body composition (fat-free mass) was assessed using foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Foot-to-foot BIA was validated using a deuterium oxide dilution technique and was found to be acceptable at the group level. Bowel health was measured using the Bowel Health Assessment Scale (BHAS) which was developed as part of this study and found to have acceptable reliability and construct validity. Body weight, body mass index, percentage weight loss in the previous six months, diagnosis, treatment, professional field notes collecting qualitative data, and nutrition prescriptions were also recorded. Analysis All analyses were performed on an intention to treat basis. Repeated measures analyses were carried out for changes in weight, nutritional status and QoL using SPSS for windows (version 10). Greater than 10 percent of the data were missing for fat-free mass and so repeated measures using a different mathematical modelling approach was carried out using SUDAAN (version 7.5.2A). This is a generalised estimating equations approach which permits the inclusion of subjects with incomplete data records. BHAS was not normally distributed ie Mann-Whitney rank tests were used to compare scores for the two groups across time-points and Fisher's exact tests were performed to determine differences in proportions of those maintaining or improving bowel health between timepoints. Independent T-tests were used to compare mean patient satisfaction scores between the two groups. Statistical significance was reported at the conventional p < 0.05 level (two-tailed). Results Seventy-eight consecutive patients undergoing radiotherapy to the GI or head and neck area were eligible for inclusion. Sixty patients (51M;9F; mean age 61.9 yr± 14.0) were emolled and randomised to receive either nutrition intervention (NI; n=29) in the form of regular and intensive nutrition counselling by a dietitian and 3provision of nutrition supplements if appropriate, or usual care (UC; n=31). Six subjects were lost to follow up. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two study groups. The NI group maintained weight over 12 weeks (mean change= -0.4kg) compared with those receiving UC who had a significantly greater deterioration in weight (mean change= -4.7kg) (F (1.8)= 10.00; p < 0.001). Changes in fat-free mass over time were clinically significant with the NI group resulting in a mean gain of 0.5kg and the UC group a mean loss of l.4kg fat-free mass over 12 weeks, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (Wald F c3) = 1.62; p = 0.195). Those receiving NI had a significantly smaller deterioration in nutritional status as measured by PG-SGA score and recovered faster than those receiving UC (Fc2.6) = 5.434; p = 0.02). The NI group also had a significantly smaller decrease and faster recovery in QoL over time compared with the UC group (F(3) = 4.03; p = 0.009). The greatest proportion of subjects who maintained or improved their bowel-health status over time were receiving NI and this was significant between baseline and one month (Fisher's exact test; p = 0.004) and two and three months (Fisher's exact test; p = 0.053), but not between one and two months (Fisher's exact test; p = 0.456). Subjects receiving NI were significantly more satisfied with nutrition services than those receiving UC (F51)= 13.88; p = 0.002). Conclusions In conclusion, results of this study suggest that early and intensive nutrition support provides beneficial outcomes in terms of minimising weight loss and deterioration in nutritional status, QoL and bowel health in oncology outpatients receiving radiotherapy to the GI or head and neck area. Weight maintenance in this population leads to beneficial outcomes and suggests that this, rather than weight gain, may be a more appropriate aim of nutrition support. Patients receiving NI were more satisfied with services than those receiving UC. Further studies are required to determine which patients respond positively to NI and the form of NI that leads to the greatest benefits.

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Chen, Chujian 1966. "Antitumor properties of kefir : possible bioactive component(s) and mechanism(s)". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85139.

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Research on the putative health benefits has indicated that kefir, a traditional fermented milk, might have antimutagenic and antitumor properties. The major objective of the present thesis was to isolate and identify antitumor compounds in cow's milk kefir and investigate the possible mechanisms involved. High speed centrifugation (HSC), molecular weight cut-off filtration (MWCO), size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SEC-HPLC) and reverse phase-HPLC (RP-HPLC) were utilized for fractionation of kefir and a cell culture model was developed to screen for the antiproliferative effects of the kefir fractions. The antiproliferative effects of bacteria-free extracts from different fermentation stages of kefir production, as well as bacteria-free extracts from milk and yogurt were compared. The results showed that extracts from an early stage of fermentation (i.e., kefir mother culture) and the final commercial kefir product both exerted dose-dependent inhibition effects on human mammary tumor MCF-7 cells, yogurt extracts showed less potent antiproliferative effects, while pasteurized milk extracts showed no antiproliferative effects. No antiproliferative effects of the kefir extracts were observed on human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) whereas the yogurt extracts showed antiproliferative action in HMEC cells at a high dose. A fraction of the kefir mother culture isolated by HSC, MWCO and RP-HPLC contained components that inhibited MCF-7 cell growth and had no effect on HMEC cells. Characterization of the bioactive fraction using mass spectrometry (MS) indicated that the main components in the fraction are likely fragments of kefiran and/or ceramide containing compounds such as gangliosides. The growth inhibitory effect may be mainly caused by the induction of TNF-alpha in MCF-7 cells. Whole extracts of kefir depleted glutathione (GSH) in MCF-7 cells, while the SEC-HPLC Fraction 7 and the RP-HPLC Fraction 30 induced GSH produc

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Sibani, Sahar. "Genetic and nutritional folate deficiency : implications for homocystinuria and intestinal neoplasia". Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31539.

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Folate deficiency, a prevalent vitamin deficiency in America, can stem from environmental and/or genetic causes. The most common inborn error of folate metabolism is deficiency of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), which catalyzes the reduction of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Severe MTHFR deficiency results in hyperhomocysteinemia and homocystinuria; patients present with developmental delay, and various neurological and vascular disorders. This thesis describes three mutations identified in the MTHFR locus in patients with severe deficiency: 1025T→C (M→T), 1027T→G (W→G), and 1768G→A (E→K). Genotype-phenotype correlations are described, along with biochemical characterization of three mutations (983A→G (N→S), 1025T→C, 1027T→G). All three mutations exert their effect by decreasing Vmax without changing the enzyme's affinity for its substrate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. The 983A→G variant also conferred decreased affinity for FAD, a cofactor.
The more common and mild deficiency observed in the general healthy population is probably due in part to insufficient dietary intake of folate. Folate deficiency has been associated with increased risk for colon cancer. In a pilot study presented here, the impact of altered folate intake on tumor multiplicity in the Min mouse, a model for multiple intestinal neoplasia, was assessed. Folate deficient diets did not produce a consistent change in tumor numbers. However, a linear correlation between S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine content of preneoplastic tissue and tumor multiplicity was identified.
This thesis contributes to our understanding of the impact of genetic- and/or dietary-induced folate deficiency on cellular and organismal functions.

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Bauer, Judith D. "New insights into medical nutrition therapy for cancer cachexia". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36794/1/36794_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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The development of cachexia is common in people with solid tumours such as pancreatic, lung, gastric and colorectal cancer. Cancer cachexia has been implicated in the deaths of 30 to 50 percent of all cancer patients, as many die from the wasting associated with the condition. Nutritional support in patients with cancer whether in the form of oral feeding, enteral or parenteral nutrition has generally failed to either prolong survival, improve the outcome of conventional anti-neoplastic therapy, weight, lean body mass or functional outcomes. For many years there have been attempts to find novel ways of managing the nutritional issues facing these patients. The studies provide valuable new insights and evidence regarding the effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy in patients with cancer. A theoretical model depicting a four step cascade of events leading to evidence of the effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy developed by Splett (1996) was used as the framework for the research. New insights have been provided into valid and reliable nutrition screening and assessment tools (appropriate access to necessary care), nutrition intervention in terms of prescription and intensity of service (quality nutrition care), improvement in dietary intake, nutritional status, quality of life and body composition (intermediate, clinical and patient outcomes). The studies have shown that the screening tool developed by the malnutrition advisory group of the British Association of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition should not be used to identify hospitalised patients with cancer who are at risk of malnutrition due to low sensitivity and specificity. The nutrition screening tool of choice remains the malnutrition screening tool (MST) which has previously been shown to be a valid and reliable nutrition screening tool for identification of patients with cancer who are at risk of malnutrition. Once identified, the patient generated subjective global assessment {PG-SGA) rather than subjective global assessment (SGA) is recommended as the most appropriate nutrition assessment tool to identify the level of nutrition deficit and guide the implementation of medical nutrition therapy. It is a more sensitive measure than SGA, as small changes in nutritional status can be identified. The PG-SGA score was found to be significantly correlated to quality of life as measured by the EORTC-QLQC30 questionnaire. It can therefore be used as a surrogate measure for quality of life in clinical nutrition practice The studies provide several new insights into nutrition intervention for patients with cancer cachexia. In addition to the recognised prescription of an increased protein and energy intake, pharmacological doses of eicosapentaenoic acid (1.5-2.0 g) in the form of a high protein and energy oral nutrition supplement may result in positive patient outcomes. Compliance with the prescription is a key component of medical nutrition therapy. Unless the patient is able to consume an adequate quantity of protein and/or energy, then improved outcomes will not result. Practitioners must be aware of the importance of compliance with the nutrition prescription and encourage patients to view food and/or supplements as an essential component of treatment, that is, food as medicine. The implementation of the nutrition intervention is also of critical importance. Frequent contact with the patient is required to provide the level of support necessary to achieve positive outcomes. Weekly review either by telephone or by face to face interview is required. The studies provide new insights into improvements in intermediate outcomes (improvement in protein/energy intake) that can be achieved with medical nutrition therapy. Intake of a minimum of 1.5 cans/day of a protein and energy dense oral nutrition supplement did not decrease habitual food intake. Many patients are concerned that oral nutrition supplements depress appetite at meals and are reluctant to consume supplements between meals. Practitioners can be confident in advising patients that this is not the case. The studies provide new insights into the range of outcomes that can be achieved with medical nutrition therapy - nutritional status, quality of life, body composition and survival. In a post hoc analysis, there was a statistically significant improvement in weight and quality of life and a clinically significant improvement in lean body mass in patients with untreated pancreatic cancer who were compliant with the nutrition prescription. These studies provide new evidence that positive patient outcomes in terms of survival can be achieved with weight maintenance in patients with cancer cachexia rather than weight gain, which is frequently advocated in this patient group. This may be a more realistic and positive treatment goal for patients with cancer cachexia. The studies provide new evidence that an oral nutrition supplement containing EPA has positive benefits on outcomes in patients with cancer cachexia receiving chemotherapy such as improved nutritional status, quality of life and body composition. Dietetic practitioners can focus on outcomes such as weight maintenance, maintenance or improvement in nutritional status and quality of life to demonstrate clinical effectiveness. Collectively, these studies provide valuable new insights into medical nutrition therapy for cancer cachexia and they have the potential to influence management protocols across several cancer groups such as pancreatic, lung and colorectal cancer as the mechanism for the development of cachexia is thought to be similar in these patients.

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Mehrfar, Parisa. "Biological markers of weight loss and muscle protein metabolism in early non-small cell lung cancer". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116069.

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The loss of muscle mass leading to cachexia is rarely identified in early lung cancer. Fasting blood and muscle biopsy were collected in 59 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 16 non-cancer patients, at the beginning of thoracic surgery. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), and IL-6 were higher in NSCLC. In weight-losing NSCLC, food intake and serum albumin were lower, CRP, and TNF-alpha were higher. Although the expression of genes of the ubiquitin-proteasome system was not different, ubiquitinated-protein levels were lower and negatively correlated with ph-FOX01 in weight-losing patients. This would suggest lower muscle proteolytic rates in the early stages of NSCLC. Ph-FOXO1 also related to the degree of weight loss and stage of NSCLC. These data suggest that in early stages of the disease, weight and muscle loss could be mainly due to reduced food intake, rather than accelerated proteolysis, which reinforces the potential for successful dietary interventions to prevent or delay the onset of cachexia.

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Rogers, Wendy J. "Effects of dietary stearic and linoleic acid on mammary carcinogenesis and longevity of aging strain A/ST mice". Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115733.

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This investigation studies the effects of diets containing varying amounts of linoleic acid (a polyunsaturated fatty acid) and stearic acid (a saturated fatty acid) on tumorigenesis, weight and longevity in strain A/ST mice. Linoleic acid [ 18 carbons and 2 double bonds (18:2)] was chosen to represent a fatty acid known to enhance tumorigenesis and obesity in certain strains of mice. Stearic acid [ 18 carbons and no double bonds (18:0)] represents a saturated fatty acid known to increase the latency period for mammary tumor development and to decrease the rate of tumor growth. This study was conducted to determine whether the effects of fatty acids observed in younger mice on time to tumor, survival and body weights were also found in aging animals. Further, by varying the amount of linoleic acid in the diet, this study examined whether the tumor enhancing effects of increasing amounts of linoleic acid could be overcome by the incorporation of dietary stearic acid. All diets had equal percentages, by weight, of protein, salt, sucrose, mineral salt, and vitamin levels and an equal number of calories per gram of food. The SF diet was rich in linoleic acid. The SA-1 diet contained enough linoleic acid to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency, and the SA-4 diet contained the maximal amount of linoleic acid for tumor enhancement. Total body weight and tumor production in the three dietary groups show a relationship between an increase in body weight and tumor production as the amount of dietary linoleic acid increases. There also is an inverse relationship between animal survival and body weight as the amount of dietary linoleic acid increases. Survival thus appears to be dependent on tumor production in the three dietary groups, where there appears to be an inverse relationship between survival and time to tumor as the amount of dietary linoleic acid increases at each timepoint. These results suggest that the inclusion of stearic acid in the diet can, in part, overcome this enhancing effect of linoleic acid, even at the optimal tumor producing level of linoleic acid. The results of this study indicate that that effects of linoleic and stearic acid in aging mice are similar to those in younger animals.
Department of Biology

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Gridley, Shelly M. "The effect of dietary fatty acids on cholesterol/phospholipid ratios and fatty acids in plasma membranes of spontaneous mammary tumors from strain A/ST mice". Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722452.

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It has been suggested that plasma membranes play a role in tumor production. Changes in plasma membrane lipid composition may change membrane fluidity and disrupt cellular communication. These changes in membrane lipid composition appear to be related to the fatty acid content of the animal's diet. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effect of dietary linoleic and stearic acids and tumor size on cholesterol/phospholipid ratios and fatty acids in membranes of mammary adenocarcinomas.Plasma membranes of mammary tumors from Strain A/St mice were isolated by centrifugation and the lipids extracted. Phospholipid content was assayed by the method of Bartlett (102); cholesterol and fatty acids by gas liquid chromatography.Plasma membranes of tumors from mice fed the high linoleic diet (SAFF) were found to have the highest cholesterol/phospholipid ratios (Mean=0.396); mice fed high stearic acid diets produced tumors with the lowest ratios (0.280). Membranes of tumors from mice fed SA-4 and Stock diets had intermediate ratios (0.0.341 and 0.0.346, respectively).
Department of Biology

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Mina, Kym Deanne. "Measurement of fish consumption in population-based studies of cancer". University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0093.

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[Truncated abstract] The role of fish consumption and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the prevention of disease has been the subject of much investigation in recent years. A clue that these factors might be of importance was the observation that populations consuming high levels of marine omega-3 PUFAs had lower rates of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. From there, research in this area has expanded to include a range of chronic diseases and their prevention. An area of particular interest is the role of fish consumption in the prevention of various cancers. In Australia, one in three men and one in four women are expected to be diagnosed with cancer by the age of 75. Identifying preventive factors that can be translated into constructive health promotional messages is of great importance in addressing this group of diseases that has such a large impact on the health and wellbeing of the population. ... Results and conclusions Analysis of the data from the population-based case-control study suggests a protective effect of preserved fish consumption, possibly due to the high oil content of these fish. The developed questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for measuring fish and seafood consumption as determined by regression analysis with an independent biomarker and reliability analysis using intra-class correlation. Importantly, reliability can be maintained despite asking a high level of detail from participants. For ranking according to overall fish consumption, detailed questioning is probably not necessary, however inclusion of variables representing multiple categories of fish and seafood consumption in a regression model enables us to better account for variation in blood omega-3 PUFA levels than a single variable representing overall consumption. For the purpose of questionnaire validation, plasma phospholipid and erythrocyte membrane levels of EPA and DHA are equivalent biomarkers of fish and seafood consumption. The choice between them by future investigators will be based on more practical aspects such as convenience and the fasting state of subjects. The tangible product of this thesis is additional evidence to support a protective association between fish consumption and prostate and breast cancers, and a valid and reliable questionnaire v for measuring habitual consumption of fish and seafood in a West Australian population, that could also be applied to other populations after minor adjustment for local fish and seafood consumption patterns.

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Rohan, Thomas Edward. "Diet, hormones and breast cancer : a case-control study in women /". Title page, table of contents, summary and appendices only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr7373.pdf.

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Tabatabaei, Seyed Mehdi. "The relationship between dietary factors, meat consumption, heterocyclic amines, Benzo[a]pyrene, meat-derived mutagenic activity and colorectal cancer in Western Australia". University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0059.

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The role of meat consumption in the development of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC), has been subject of much investigation in recent years. The observation of geographical variation in CRC incidence and increased CRC risks in populations consuming high levels of meat prompted researchers to hypothesise a link between meat and CRC. An area of particular interest in CRC pathogenesis is the meat-derived compounds such are heterocyclic amines (HCAs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and meatderived mutagenic activity. Australia is among the countries with high incidence of CRC and also high levels of per capita meat consumption. Hence, clarifying the possible link between meat consumption and the risk of CRC in order that this can be translated into preventive dietary recommendations for the public is important. The objective of this thesis was to examine whether meat consumption is related to risk of CRC in an Australian population. The term meat consumption in this thesis means meaures of consumption of red and white meat that incorporate frequency and cooking method. The following hypotheses were investigated: 1. Increasing intake of meat prepared by methods that involve higher cooking temperature and time is positively associated with the risk of CRC; 2. Increasing exposure to meat-derived heterocyclic amines (HCAs) is positively associated with the risk of CRC; 3. Higher levels of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from meat consumption is a risk factor for CRC; 4. Exposure to meat-derived mutagens increases the risk of CRC.

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Vogel, Hubert. "Alimentation et cancer : étude des principaux facteurs cancérogènes incriminés". Strasbourg 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR10552.

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Rigaud, Jacques. "Alimentation et cancer colo-rectal : résultats de l'enquête cas-témoins menée en 1985-1987 au C.R.C.L. de Montpellier". Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11179.

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Bonifacj, Cécile. "Alimentation et cancer : comparaison et validation de 3 méthodes d'évaluation de la consommation alimentaire". Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11054.

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Fassier, Philippine. "Alimentation, consommation d’alcool, activité physique, prise de compléments alimentaires, variation de poids et représentations nutritionnelles : évolution avant/apres diagnostic d’un cancer". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD072/document.

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Alors que les survivants du cancer sont à risque plus élevé de second cancer, d’autres pathologies et de déclin fonctionnel ; les facteurs de mode de vie, comme une alimentation équilibrée, une pratique d’activité physique et le contrôle d’un poids sain, peuvent contribuer à prévenir ces risques et améliorer la qualité de vie des survivants du cancer. Dans ce contexte, les objectifs de cette thèse étaient, parmi les survivants du cancer de la cohorte française prospective NutriNet-Santé, 1) d’investiguer les variations du comportement nutritionnel entre avant et après diagnostic de cancer ainsi que la consommation de compléments alimentaires, et 2) d’évaluer les opinions vis-à-vis de certains facteurs nutritionnels, et de les mettre en regard de leurs pratiques alimentaires réelles d’une part, et de leurs sources d’information nutritionnelles d’autre part. Dans un premier temps, nous avons observé des tendances favorables à la santé comme une diminution de la consommation d’alcool et des boissons sucrées non alcoolisées, et d’autres moins favorables comme une diminution de la consommation de légumes et de plusieurs apports en vitamines et minéraux. Un déclin de l’activité physique globale et intense était observé. De manière cohérente, nous avons observé une augmentation des comportements sédentaires, particulièrement chez les femmes, les sujets plus âgés et les patients qui n’étaient pas actif professionnellement. Nous avons observé une perte de poids chez certains cas de cancers colorectaux, alors qu’une prise de poids était observée chez les cas de cancers du sein et de la peau. Les facteurs sociodémographiques et économiques semblaient influencer le risque de prise de poids, suggérant des inégalités sociales de santé (risque plus élevé chez les patients ayant des revenus et un niveau d’étude plus faible). Nos résultats suggéraient que la consommation de compléments alimentaires était largement répandue chez les survivants du cancer, en grande partie sans suivi médical, incluant une proportion non négligeable de patients ayant des pratiques de consommation de compléments alimentaires pouvant être considérées comme « à risque ».Dans un second temps, nous avons observé que les opinions des survivants du cancer concernant certains facteurs nutritionnels semblaient impacter leurs pratiques alimentaires et étaient eux-mêmes impactés par les sources d’informations auxquelles les survivants du cancer avaient eu accès depuis leur diagnostic de cancer. En particulier, les opinions concernant la consommation d’alcool étaient préoccupantes, avec une proportion importante de survivants du cancer qui pensaient que la consommation d’alcool (et plus encore concernant le vin rouge) avait un impact positif sur leur maladie. Les régimes restrictifs pour perdre du poids étaient pratiqués par une grande partie de notre échantillon ; le jeûne était moins pratiqué, mais était loin d’être un phénomène isolé
While cancer survivors are at increased risk for negative conditions as second cancers, other comorbidities, and functional decline ; lifestyle factors, such as a healthy diet, regular exercise and weight control, may contribute to prevent these conditions and improve survivors' quality of life. In this context, aims of this thesis were, among cancer survivors from the French prospective NutriNet-Santé study, to 1) investigate nutritional variations between before and after cancer diagnosis as well as dietary supplements use, and 2) evaluate opinions relating to some diet factors and to weight-loss restrictive diets and fasting practices, and to link them on the one hand to their real practices, and, on the other hand, to their sources of nutritional information.In the first part, our results highlight some healthy behaviors such as a decrease in alcohol and sweetened drinks consumption, but also less favorable trends, such as a decrease in vegetable consumption and in many vitamin and mineral intakes. We also observed a decline in overall and vigorous physical activity after diagnosis, especially in prostate and skin cancers, in men and professionally inactive patients. Concomitantly, we observed an increase in sedentary behaviors, especially in women, older subjects and professionally inactive patients. We also observed that while weight loss was reported in many colorectal cancer patients, a substantial proportion of breast cancer patients gained weight. Sociodemographic and economic factors appeared as important determinants of weight gain, illustrating social inequalities in health (higher risk among patients with lower income and lower education). Our results suggest that dietary supplements use was widespread among cancer survivors, a large amount of which being used without any medical supervision, including a non-negligible proportion of patients having dietary supplement practices which can be considered as “at risk”. In a second part, we observed that opinions from cancer survivors regarding some nutritional factors seemed to impact their dietary practices and were themselves impacted by sources of nutritional information. In particular, opinions regarding alcohol consumption were concerning, with an important proportion of cancer survivors who thought that alcohol consumption (and even more regarding red wine) had a positive impact on their disease. Weight-loss restrictive diets were practiced by a large number of cancer survivors since their diagnosis, while fasting was less practiced, but was far from being an isolated phenomenon

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Jahan, Sophie. "Quelques aspects diététiques en relation avec le cancer de la vessie". Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P050.

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Guyonnet, Denis. "Mécanismes d'action des composés soufrés des alliacées sur les phases précoces de la cancérogenèse : initiation, promotion". Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOS011.

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Groubet, Rachel. "Étude de l'action de la vitamine A sur le risque de cancer colique lié à une surcharge lipidique". Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12325.

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Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire s'inscrivent dans les recherches en Nutrition dont l'objectif est d'établir de nouvelles données scientifiques nécessaires à une meilleure compréhension des relations entre l'alimentation et le cancer. L'objectif de ce travail était d'étudier les conséquences d'une alimentation riche en lipides gras et la vitamine A en mesurant l'expression des récepteurs nucléaires et de marqueurs intermédiaires de cancérogenèse colique (FCA). Nous avons mis en évidence des modifications précoces des profils d'expression des ARNm des récepteurs nucléaires dans la muqueuse colique des animaux (après un mois de régime cafétéria, connu pour induire une obésité nutritionnelle, et un régime hyperlipidique dont la source de lipides est l'huile de carthame, 25% dont 80% d'acide linoléique). Ces modifications se traduisent par une hyperexpression des ARNm du récepteur nucléaire PPARγ et une hypoexpression des ARNm du récepteur nucléaire RARβ quel que soit le régime consommé. Elles sont maintenues après cinq mois de régime. Les acides gras consommés à travers le régime hyperlipidique augmentent le développement de foyers de cryptes aberrantes chimico-induits. Par ailleurs, la vitamine A donnée en supplément au régime hyperlipidique consommé pendant cinq mois, présente un effet antagoniste à celui des lipides sur l'expression de PPARγ. L'interrelation des acides gras et de la vitamine A se jouerait au niveau de la voie de signalisation des rétinoid͏̈es puisque la vitamine A augmente l'expression de RARβ et induit une diminution de celle de PPARγ. Le déséquilibre d'expression de la voie de signalisation des rétinoid͏̈es est associé à une augmentation des lésions chimico-induites dans le colon (in vivo) et à une forte prolifération des cellules coliques tumorales (in vitro). Ainsi, nous avons principalement observé dans des conditions physiologiques, des modulations de l'expression des récpteurs de l'acide rétinoiq͏̈ue et des acides gras qui semble significatives d'une augmentation du risque de cancer colorectal associé à une consommation élevée en lipides.

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Norat-Soto, Teresa. "Le rôle de la consommation de viandes, charcuteries et poissons dans l’étiologie de cancer du côlon et du rectum : résultats de l’Etude Prospective Européenne sur la Nutrition et le Cancer (EPIC)". Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.paristech.org/3094/.

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Nous avons analysé la relation entre le risque de cancer colorectal et la consommation de viande et de poisson dans la population qui participe dans l’Etude Prospective Européenne sur le Cancer et la Nutrition. Il s’agit d’une étude sur plus de 400 000 sujets volontaires de dix pays européens. Le risque de cancer colorectal apparaît lié à un niveau de consommation élevé de viande rouge. Le hazard ratio associé à une consommation supérieure à 160 grammes par jour par rapport à une consommation inférieure à 20 grammes par jour est de 1. 35 (95% IC=0. 96-1. 88). La consommation élevée de poisson semble diminuer le risque de cancer colorectal. Le hazard ratio pour une consommation de poisson supérieure à 80 grammes par jour par rapport à celle de moins de 10 grammes par jour est de 0. 69 (IC=0. 54-0. 88). La consommation de volailles n’a pas d’incidence sur le risque de cancer colorectal. Nous avons intégré par méta-analyse nos résultats avec ceux des études prospectives publiées entre 1990 et juin 2006. D’après 14 études, le risque relatif moyen associé aux niveaux de consommation de viande rouge les plus hauts par rapport aux niveaux les plus bas est de 1. 34 (95% CI=1. 09-1. 21). En ce qui concerne les niveaux de consommation de poisson les plus hauts par rapport aux niveaux les plus bas (treize études), le risque relatif moyen est de 0. 87 (95%CI=0. 78-0. 97). Nos résultats montrent qu’une diminution des apports de viande rouge parmi les gros consommateurs devrait conduire à une diminution du risque de cancer colorectal pour cette population. La consommation de fibre alimentaire et de poisson en grosses quantités semble diminuer le risque, mais cette relation doit être confirmée par d’autres études.

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Facina, Vanessa Barbosa [UNESP]. "Evolução do estado nutricional de mulheres com cânceres de mama, ovário ou útero e associação com a ingestão alimentar e sintomas gastrintestinais". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88674.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:30:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 facina_vb_me_arafcf.pdf: 1022448 bytes, checksum: fccac3737fb0a4e1993b48dc9b30ee8f (MD5)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O câncer é um importante problema de saúde pública mundial e, também, em países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil. Dentre os tipos mais frequentes entre as mulheres brasileiras, têm-se os cânceres de mama, de colo de útero e de ovário. Nesta pesquisa foram estudados aspectos relativos à alimentação e nutrição de mulheres acometidas por estes cânceres ginecológicos, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da quimioterapia na evolução do estado nutricional destas mulheres considerando os sintomas gastrintestinais, o consumo alimentar e as alterações nos exames bioquímicos. Participaram do estudo 29 mulheres, sendo 22 acometidas pelo câncer de mama, 4 pelo câncer de ovário e 3 pelo o de colo de útero. Para tanto, no 1º, 3º e 5º ciclos de quimioterapia foram realizadas entrevistas nas quais as pacientes eram inquiridas sobre intolerâncias alimentares, sintomas gastrintestinais e aplicada a Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida Pelo Paciente (ASG-PPP).O consumo alimentar foi avaliado pelo recordatório do consumo de 24 horas, no dia que precedeu a quimioterapia e no dia do procedimento. No dia da quimioterapia foi realizada ainda a avaliação antropométrica. Os dados de exames bioquímicos e de protocolos de quimioterapia foram coletados dos prontuários. Como resultado se obteve que durante a quimioterapia, os sintomas mais frequentes foram: náusea, disgeusia, obstipação, anorexia, diarreia e mucosite. O consumo alimentar sofreu redução em relação à quantidade de energia e nutrientes ingeridos no período em que a paciente realizava a sessão quimioterápica em relação ao período que antecedia a esta. Houve pequena, mas significativa redução na média geral do peso corporal do primeiro para o terceiro ciclo de quimioterapia. No entanto, a maioria das mulheres com câncer de mama ganhou peso...
Cancer is an important public health problem worldwide, and also in developing countries like Brazil. Among the most frequent type affecting Brazilian women, there are cancers of breast, cervical and ovarian. This research studies the aspects related to feeding and nutrition of women affected by these gynecological cancers, with the goal to assess the effect of chemotherapy on the evolution of the nutritional status of these women considering gastrointestinal symptoms, food consumption and changes in biochemical tests. The study included 29 women, 22 affected by breast cancer, 4 by ovarian cancer, and 3 had cervical cancer. Interviews were conducted, on first, third and fifth chemotherapy protocols, in which patients were asked about food intolerance, gastrointestinal symptoms and applied Subjective Global Assessment Produced by the Patient. Dietary intake was assessed by recall of consumption of 24 hours on the day prior to chemotherapy and the day of the procedure. On the day of chemotherapy was also evaluation anthropometric. The data from biochemical and chemotherapy protocols were collected from medical records. As a result it was found that during chemotherapy, being the most common symptoms were: nausea, dysgeusia, constipation, anorexia, diarrhea and mucositis. Food consumption reduced in relation to the amount of energy and nutrients consumed in the period in which the patient was a chemotherapy session in relation to the period preceding this. There was a small but significant reduction in overall mean body weight from first to third cycle of chemotherapy. However, most women with breast cancer gained weight during the procedure. There was no association between frequency of symptoms with the anthropometric indicators, but rather with the consumption of macronutrients and erythrocytes. The ASG-PPP showed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Mahamat, Saleh Yahya. "Etude des associations entre facteurs nutritionnels et risque de cancers cutanés dans les cohortes E3N et EPIC Citrus Intake and Risk of Skin Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Cohort Patterns of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acid Dietary Intake and Melanoma Thickness at Diagnosis Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level, Vitamin D Intake, and Risk of Skin Cancers: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Skin Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study in French Women. Am JClin Nutr Antioxidant Supplement Use and Risk of Keratinocytes Cancers: A Prospective Cohort Study Baseline and Lifetime Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Skin Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition cohort (EPIC)". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASR008.

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Titre : Etude des associations entre facteurs nutritionnels et risque de cancers cutanés dans les cohortes E3N et EPICLes cancers cutanés sont les néoplasmes les plus fréquents chez les populations de type Caucasien et leur incidence est en constante augmentation. L'exposition aux rayonnements ultraviolets (UV) est le seul facteur environnemental reconnu comme cause avérée de cancer de la peau et actuellement le seul pour lequel une prévention est possible. Cependant, il apparait de plus en plus probable que certains facteurs nutritionnels, notamment les antioxydants, pourraient empêcher les effets néfastes de l'exposition aux UV et ainsi potentiellement représenter des agents de chimio-prévention des cancers cutanés. Il a également été suggéré que certains groupes d'aliments, tels que les agrumes, les compléments alimentaires, les acides gras, la vitamine D et l'alcool pouvaient être associés à un risque accru de cancers cutanés. Cependant, les études menées jusqu'à présent n'ont pas permis d'émettre de conclusion claire : peu d'études prospectives avec un échantillon suffisamment important et disposant de données sur l'exposition solaire sont disponibles. Il est donc nécessaire de faire progresser nos connaissances dans ce domaine afin de mieux cibler les campagnes de prévention des cancers cutanés.L’objectif principal de cette thèse était d’explorer les relations entre les facteurs nutritionnels et le risque de cancers cutanés. Les données utilisées dans ce projet incluent les données de la cohorte E3N, incluant près de 100 000 femmes françaises suivies depuis 1990, les données de la cohorte EPIC, incluant près de 520 000 participants issus de 10 pays européens, et les données du PMP, une étude prospective incluant 700 patients australiens atteints de mélanome suivis depuis 2014. De plus, les données de la littérature sur les liens entre vitamine D et mélanome ont été résumées et poolées dans une revue systématique et une méta-analyse.Nos résultats suggèrent que l’adhérence au régime méditerranéen est associée à risque plus faible de cancers cutanés, plus particulièrement de mélanome et de carcinome baso-cellulaire ; en revanche la prise de compléments alimentaires en bêta-carotène, vitamine A ou E était associée à un risque accru de carcinomes cutanés. De plus, nous avons observé que les consommations d’agrumes ou d’alcool étaient associées à un risque plus élevé de cancers cutanés. Par ailleurs, nos résultats suggèrent qu’une forte consommation d’un régime « riche en viande, poisson et graisses » est associée à l’épaisseur du mélanome. Enfin, les résultats de notre méta-analyse suggèrent que les taux circulants élevés de vitamine D sont associés à un risque accru de mélanome et de carcinomes cutanés.Les travaux de cette thèse ont mis en lumière des relations complexes entre les facteurs nutritionnels et le risque de cancers cutanés. Par ailleurs, ils soulèvent plusieurs questions qu’il serait envisageable d’approfondir dans d’autres études. Si ces résultats sont répliqués, ils pourraient, à terme, avoir un impact sur les stratégies de prévention des cancers cutanés.Mots-clés : cancers cutanés ; régime méditerranéen ; compléments en antioxydants ; agrumes ; alcool ; profils alimentaires ; vitamine D ; cohorte prospective ; méta-analyse
Title: Associations between nutritional factors and skin cancer risk in the E3N and EPIC cohortsSkin cancers are the most frequent neoplasms in Caucasian populations and their incidence has been constantly rising. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is the only environmental risk factor recognized as a cause of skin cancer and the only factor for which prevention is possible. However, it appears increasingly likely that several nutritional factors, particularly antioxidants, could counteract the negative effects of UV exposure and thus potentially represent chemo-preventive agents for skin cancer. It has also been suggested that several food groups, such as citrus, dietary supplements, vitamin D, fatty acids, and alcohol, could be associated with skin cancer risk. However, investigations to date did not allow to draw clear conclusions; few prospective data are indeed available within a sufficiently large sample and available sun exposure data. It is thus crucial to advance our knowledge in this field in order to target skin cancer prevention campaigns more precisely.The objective of this doctoral project was to study the relationships between nutritional factors and skin cancer risk. To achieve our objective, we used data from E3N, a prospective cohort of ~ 100,000 French women followed since 1990, data from EPIC cohort, a prospective cohort involving ~520,000 participants who have been followed-up in 23 centers from 10 European countries, and data from PMP, a prospective study of ~700 melanoma patients diagnosed in Queensland between 2010 and 2014. Additionally, data from the literature were summarized and pooled in a systematic review and meta-analysis.Our results suggest that adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower skin cancer risk in women, particularly melanoma and basal-cell carcinoma. Intake of supplements in beta-carotene, vitamin A or E was associated with an increased keratinocyte cancer risk in women. In addition, we found positive linear relationships between citrus intake and skin cancer risk, which were mostly driven by associations with keratinocyte cancers, and between alcohol consumption and overall skin cancer risk. However, our results also suggest that people with high meat, fish, and fat intakes, who thus consumed relatively high levels of omega-3 and high omega-6 fatty acid intakes, are more likely to be diagnosed with thick than thin melanomas. In the meta-analysis, we found positive associations between serum 25(OH)D levels and melanoma and keratinocyte cancer risk.This project highlighted complex relationships between nutritional factors and the risk of skin cancers. It also raised several questions that could be considered for further study. If replicated and confirmed in future research, these findings may ultimately have important implications in skin cancer prevention.Keyword: skin cancer ; Mediterranean diet ; antioxidant supplements ; citrus ; alcohol ; dietary pattern; vitamin D; prospective cohort; meta-analysis

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Prado, Corina Dias do [UNESP]. "Avaliação nutricional de pacientes com câncer". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88679.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:50:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 prado_cd_me_arafcf.pdf: 343315 bytes, checksum: 55167744aca71f0e9ff073df79cd2825 (MD5)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar vários métodos de avaliação nutricional aplicados a pacientes oncológicos. No primeiro capítulo, discutiu-se a literatura existente sobre o tema, a fim de servir de subsídio para alertar os profissionais de saúde sobre a importância e as implicações do estado nutricional do paciente para seu prognóstico e qualidade de vida. No segundo capítulo, realizou-se a adaptação cultural da Avaliação Subjetiva Global – Produzida pelo Paciente (ASG-PPP) e estimou-se sua reprodutibilidade. No terceiro capítulo, calculou-se as medidas estimadas de peso e altura de 62 pacientes, avaliou-se sua correlação e concordância com as medidas reais e identificou-se o risco de desnutrição de pacientes oncológicos, o qual foi aferido a partir de diferentes métodos. No quarto capítulo, investigou-se as características clínicas, sócio-demográficas e o estado nutricional de 134 pacientes oncológicos atendidos no Hospital Amaral Carvalho- Jaú, SP, no período de abril a novembro de 2008
The aim of this study was to describe the several methods of nutritional assessment applied in patients with cancer. In the first chapter, the current literature on this topic is described in order to make health professionals aware of the importance and implications of the nutritional status for the prognosis and quality of life of patients with cancer. In the second chapter, the transcultural adaptation of the “Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) was performed and its reliability was estimated. In the third chapter, the estimated measures of weight and height (n=62) were calculated, the correlation and concordance with real measurements were assessed, and the risk of malnutrition of patients with cancer was identified by means of different methods of evaluation. In the fourth chapter, the clinical and demographic characteristics, and the nutritional status of 134 oncologic patients at Amaral Carvalho Hospital-Jaú, SP, are investigated between April and November 2008

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Garcia, Vânia Cristina Lamônica [UNESP]. "Estado nutricional e níveis plasmáticos de trauma e seus precursores em pacientes portadores de neoplasias malignas de esôfago". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86326.

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o paciente com câncer de esôfago tem a desnutrição protéico-energética como principal fator de risco. A taurina é um composto sulfurado que participa de funções fisiológicas importantes, como a manutenção do sistema de defesa do organismo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o metabolismo da taurina e seus precursores e a associação destes, com os indicadores nuíricionais de pacientes com câncer de esôfago. Para tanto, realizou-se estudo prospectivo com corte vertical e grupo controle, em 18 pacientes (43-73 anos) portadores de neoplasia maligna de esôfago, e 20 voluntários (27-65 anos) controles sadios. Em todos foram realizadas dosagens plasmáticas de taurina, cisteína e homocisteína e avaliação do estado nutricional antropométrico e bioquímico. Paralelamente, foram coletados dados referentes à história e ao diagnóstico clínico e período de sobrevivência dos pacientes. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste t de Sfudenf e correlação de Pearson. O câncer de esôfago foi mais predominante no sexo masculino e na raça branca. Houve maior freqüência do carcinoma espino celular e localização no terço superior. A maioria dos pacientes. no momento do diagnóstico, apresentou estágio avançado da doença (estadio IV). A perda de peso nos pacientes foi de 14,9%, entretanto, variáveis CMB e %GC não apresentaram diferença estatística com o controle. Adicionalmente, no grupo de estudo, foram observadas hipoalbuminemia e elevação da PCR (55,5% e 50% dos pacientes, respectivamente). Os níveis de Hb, Ht, Colesterol total, HOL e cisteína foram menores, e os de TGO, TGP, taurina e homocisteína maiores significativamente do que o grupo controle (p<0,05). A taurina se correlacionou positivamente com CTL (r=0,49 e p=O,03) e a sobrevida...
The main risk factor of the esophagus' cancer patient is pratein-energetic malnourishment. Taurine is a sulphur-containing amino acid which takes part in important physiological functions such as organíc defense system maintenance. The objective of this work was to study the metabolism of taurine and its precursors and their association with nutritional indicators in patients with esophagus cancer whose main risk factor is protein-energy undemutrition. This was a prospective study with a vertical cut and control group with 18 malignant esophageal neoplasia (4373yrs) and 20 healthy volunteers (27-65yrs). Ali individuais were scrutinized with respect to their plasma levels of taurine, cysteine, and homocysteine and underwent nutritional, anthropometrical, and biomedical state evaluation. Also data were collected on patient history, clínical diagnosis, and survival time. Data were analyzed by Student t and Pearson Correlatíon tests. Esophagus cancer was more predominant in white males. Squamous cel! carcinoma and superior third location were frequent Most patients were in the advanced stage when diagnosed (Stage IV). Patient weight loss was 14.9%, however, AMC and %BF were not statistically different to contrais. Additionally hypoalbuminemia and elevaíed PCR (in 55.5% & 50% of patients, respectively). Hb, Ht, total cholesterol, HDL, and cysteine were significantly lower, and GOT, GPT, taurine, and homocysteine significantly higher than controls (p<0.05). Taurine positively correlated with CTL... (Complete abstract click eletronic address below)

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Ahouandjinou, Theodora Vignon. "Facteurs nutritionnels associés à la présence de lésions précancéreuses de la prostate (PIN) chez des hommes ayant une hypertrophie bénigne de la protestate". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19946.

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La néoplasie intra-épithéliale prostatique, un des précurseurs possibles du cancer de la prostate, pourrait donner des renseignements sur les causes de ce dernier dans la mesure où ils cohabitent souvent. Dans une étude transversale, réalisée chez 510 hommes traités chirurgicalement pour une hypertrophie bénigne de la prostate, nous avons testé l'hypothèse que les facteurs de risque souvent associés au cancer de la prostate pouvaient être aussi associés à la présence de la néoplasie intra-épithéliale prostatique. La consommation alimentaire au cours de l'année précédant la chirurgie a été documentée par un questionnaire alimentaire détaillé administré par une diététiste. Le tissu prostatique prélevé à la chirurgie a été examiné par un seul pathologiste. Seuls les patients ayant une hypertrophie bénigne et aucune évidence de cancer ont été retenus pour l'étude. La présence de lésions précancéreuses de la prostate (PIN) a été observée chez 81 participants. La majorité des analyses a porté sur les relations entre les facteurs nutritionnels suspectés de jouer un rôle dans le cancer de la prostate et la présence de PIN. Les rapports de cotes ajustés (RC) et leurs intervalles de confiance (IC à 95%) ont été estimés à l'aide de la régression logistique pour les différentes variables des apports alimentaires. Les résultats sont pour la majorité non statistiquement significatifs, seule une importante consommation de carottes avec un RC, comparant le 3ème au premier tercile, de 1,84 (IC à 95% =1,00-3,40), et d'alpha-carotène avec un RC = 1,90 (IC à 95% =1,04-3,45) sont statistiquement significatifs. En regard du nombre d'associations évaluées ces résultats ne suggèrent aucune association entre les facteurs nutritionnels associés au cancer de la prostate et la présence de PIN.

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Larouche, Danielle. "Évaluation de la relation entre les apports en antioxydants et le niveau d'expression de marqueurs inflammatoires dans le tissu mammaire normal de femmes atteintes du cancer du sein". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27701.

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Le régime alimentaire joue un rôle dans le développement du cancer du sein, mais le mode d’action des facteurs nutritionnels sur le tissu mammaire est mal compris. Un des mécanismes potentiels est la création d’un stress oxydatif qui favoriserait le processus tumoral et l’inflammation. Par conséquent, la consommation d’antioxydants pourrait contribuer à réduire l’inflammation dans les tissus et à prévenir le cancer du sein. Cependant, peu d’études ont exploré la relation entre les apports en antioxydants et l’expression de marqueurs inflammatoires dans le tissu mammaire. Ce projet visait à évaluer la relation entre les apports en antioxydants et l’expression de 11 marqueurs inflammatoires dans le tissu mammaire normal de 160 femmes atteintes d’un cancer du sein. Les données alimentaires ont été obtenues par un questionnaire de fréquence alimentaire auto-administré mesurant les apports alimentaires et la prise de suppléments de l’année précédente. L’expression des marqueurs inflammatoires a été évaluée par immunohistochimie. La corrélation entre les apports en antioxydants et l’expression des marqueurs inflammatoires a été analysée par le coefficient de corrélation partiel de Spearman. Les analyses ont été effectuées pour l’ensemble de l’échantillon et pour les femmes pré-ménopausées et post-ménopausées prises séparément. Après la correction de Bonferroni, les apports élevés en bêta-tocophérol corrélaient avec une diminution de l’expression de l’IL-10 pour l’ensemble de l’échantillon (r=-0,26) et chez les femmes post-ménopausées (r=-0,39). Parmi toutes les femmes, les apports en zinc corrélaient négativement avec l’expression de l’IL-10 (r=-0,26) et parmi les femmes post-ménopausées, les apports en sélénium corrélaient négativement avec l’expression de la lactoferrine (r=-0,39). Aucune association significative n’a été observée chez les femmes pré-ménopausées. Nos résultats suggèrent que le bêta-tocophérol, le zinc et le sélénium pourraient agir sur le tissu mammaire par des mécanismes affectant l’expression de certains marqueurs inflammatoires et que ceci serait influencé par le statut ménopausique.
Diet plays an important role in the development of breast cancer, but the influence of dietary factors on the mammary tissue is poorly understood. One possible underlying mechanism is the generation of oxidative stress favoring inflammation and tumorigenic processes. Consequently, antioxidant consumption that fosters tissue inflammation reduction could prevent breast cancer risk. However, few studies have explored relationships between antioxidant intakes and inflammation marker expression in breast tissue. This project aimed to evaluate potential link between the intake of antioxidants that have been associated with breast cancer risk and the protein expression level of 11 inflammatory markers in normal breast tissue of 160 women diagnosed with breast cancer. Antioxidant intakes were collected using a self-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire designed to measure dietary patterns and supplement intake over the past year. Inflammation marker expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Correlations between antioxidant intakes and inflammatory marker expression were explored using the Spearman’s partial correlation coefficients (r) for all women, and then for premenopausal and postmenopausal women separately. After Bonferroni correction, negative correlations were observed between dietary beta-tocopherol and IL-10 expression in all women combined (r=-0.26) and among postmenopausal women (r=-0.39). For all women, negative correlation was found between total zinc intakes and IL-10 (r=-0.26). Among postmenopausal women, dietary selenium intake was negatively correlated with the expression of lactoferrin (r=-0.39). No associations were observed in premenopausal women. Our findings suggest that consumption of specific antioxidants, including beta-tocopherol, zinc and selenium, may act on the breast tissue through mechanisms affecting the expression of certain inflammation markers and that this would be influenced by the menopausal status.

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Trompe, Fabrice. "Approche méthodologique du r̂ole prophylactique des vitamines et du sélénium vis-à-vis des cancers". Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P097.

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Santarelli, Raphaelle. "Charcuteries et cancérogenèse colorectale : additifs alimentaires et procédés de fabrication inhibant la promotion chez le rat". Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/972/.

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La consommation de charcuterie est associée au risque de cancer colorectal. L'objectif de cette thèse était (i) valider l'effet promoteur des charcuteries dans un modèle animal de cancérogenèse et (ii) de trouver des composés antagonistes de cet effet promoteur. De l'épaule de porc riche en hème, salée et nitritée, puis cuite et oxydée (à l'air 5 j à 4°C) est promotrice des lésions précancéreuses chez le rat chimio-induit par la diméthylhydrazine. Cette promotion s'accompagne d'une augmentation de composés N-nitrosés fécaux. L'ajout de calcium dans le régime ou d'a-tocophérol dans la viande inhibe la promotion induite par cette viande saumurée. Par ailleurs, la saucisse de type hot-dog est promotrice des lésions précancéreuses, cette promotion étant aussi inhibée par le calcium du régime. Nous pensons donc que l'on pourrait diminuer l'incidence du cancer par la consommation de produits riches en calcium ou par des modifications du procédé de fabrication des charcuteries
Consumption of cured meat is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer. The aim of this thesis was (i) to validate this promotive in a rodent model and (ii) to find compounds that inhibit this promoting effect. A pork shoulder, rich in heam, cured with nitrited salt, cooked and oxidized (5d in a fridge) promoted preneoplasic lesions in dimethylhydrazine-initiated rat. This promotion was associated high level of fecal N-nitroso compounds. When diet was added with calcium carbonate, or when cured meat was added with a-tocopherol, meat-induced promotion was inhibited. Besides, hot dog sausage promotes preneoplasic lesions in rats, and dietary calcium inhibited this promotion. We think cancer incidence could be reduced by increasing calcium intake, or by changing cured meat process

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Kuhn, Mirjam. "Evaluation de l'efficacité et de la tolérance de trois mélanges conçus pour la nutrition entérale de longue durée : approches expérimentale et clinique". Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05P607.

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Les mélanges standard de nutrition entérale ne permettent pas de couvrir les besoins nutritionnels spécifiques de différents types des patients. Trois nouveaux mélanges pour la nutrition entérale de longue durée ont été développés pour répondre respectivement aux besoins des patients en équilibre nutritionnel nécessitant une nutrition entérale de longue durée (Sondalis® Maintenance), à ceux des personnes âgées dénutries hospitalisées (Patriarch), et à ceux des patients atteints d’un cancer cachectisant sous traitement actif (Formula One). Le but de ce travail était d’évaluer expérimentalement et cliniquement l’efficacité de ces mélanges. L’efficacité de Sondalis® Maintenance à maintenir le poids corporel et la stabilité biochimique a été évaluée dans une étude clinique sur des patients en équilibre nutritionnel. Les résultats préliminaires sur neuf patients ont montré qu’après six mois de nutrition, ce mélange permettait de maintenir la stabilité du poids et l’équilibre biologique. Patriarch a été testé dans un premier temps chez le rat âgé sous nutrition entérale continue. Patriarch limitait la perte de poids induite par le stress chirurgical et améliorait le métabolisme protéique (augmentation du bilan d’azote cumulé, du contenu protéique intestinal et de la biodisponibilité des acides aminés) et le transit (augmentation du poids des selles). Dans un deuxième temps, une étude clinique a été initiée chez la personne âgée dénutrie hospitalisée. Seulement quatre patients ont pu être recrutés, parmi lesquels seuls deux ont suivi le protocole jusqu’à la fin, un dans le groupe Patriarch et un dans le groupe contrôle Sondalis Iso. L’analyse de ces deux cas montre que le mélange Patriarch est bien toléré et qu’il favorise une bonne homéostasie glucidique. Ces résultats encourageants devraient être confirmés dans une étude prospective. Enfin, Formula One associé à son module de GLN a été évalué dans un modèle d’hypercatabolisme induit par injection sous-cutanée d’essence de térébenthine chez le rat. Cette étude n’a pas permis de démontrer un avantage en termes de statuts nutritionnel et inflammatoire du mélange Formula One + GLN par rapport à un mélange standard. De plus, l’incidence importante de diarrhées dans le groupe Formula One suggérait une mauvaise tolérance digestive, probablement à cause d’une osmolarité trop élevée du produit. Ce dernier devait faire également l’objet d’une évaluation clinique de sa tolérance et de son efficacité chez des patients atteints d’un cancer des voies aérodigestives supérieures traités par radio-chimiothérapie concomitante. La mauvaise tolérance suggérée par l’étude expérimentale et d’importantes difficultés dans la mise en place de l’étude clinique ont conduit à l’arrêt de ce projet. En dehors de la difficulté inhérente à la validation expérimentale ou clinique de concepts en nutrition, ces travaux soulignent l’intérêt de l’adaptation de la nutrition entérale aux besoins spécifiques induits par différentes situations physio-pathologiques
Standard enteral nutrition formulas do not meet the specific requirements of various categories of patients. Three new formulas for long-term enteral feeding have been developed in order to cover the respective (specific) nutritional needs of clinically stable normally-fed patients requiring long-term enteral feeding (Sondalis® Maintenance), of hospitalized malnourished elderly subjects (Patriarch), and of cachectic cancer patients under active treatment (Formula One). Our aim was to evaluate the efficiency of this formulas experimentally and/or clinically. Sondalis® Maintenance's efficiency in maintaining body weight and blood chemistry was evaluated in a clinical study in well-nourished stable patients. The preliminary results on nine patients showed that this diet maintained the stability of their body weight and biological homeostasis after six months of nutrition. Patriarch was first evaluated in enterally-fed old rats. In this model Patriarch limited stress-induced weight loss, and improved protein metabolism (increased cumulative nitrogen balance, intestinal protein content and bioavailability of amino acids) and intestinal transit (increased stool weight). This formula was further evaluated in a clinical study in hospitalized malnourished elderly. However only four patients were enrolled and only two of them completed the study: one patient in the group Patriarch and one in the control group Sondalis® Iso. Analysis of these two cases indicated that Patriarch was well tolerated and improved glucose homeostasis. These encouraging results need to be confirmed in a prospective clinical trial. The efficiency of the third formula, Formula One + GLN was assessed in a model of turpentine-induced hypercatabolism in rats. This study did not allow us to demonstrate an advantage in terms of nutritional status and inflammatory state in favour of Formula One + GLN compared to a standard diet. In addition, the incidence of diarrhoea in the Formula One group suggested a poor digestive tolerance, probably due to the high osmolarity of Formula One + GLN. While a clinical trial was scheduled to assess the safety and efficacy of this formula in head and neck cancer patients treated with radiochemotherapy, the poor digestive tolerance observed in the experimental study and major difficulties in patient recruitment led to the project being postponed. Putting aside the difficulties encountered in the experimental and clinical demonstration of the efficiency of nutritional concept, this work demonstrates that the adaptation of enteral nutrition to the specific requirements of various clinical situations is feasible and potentially beneficial for the patient

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Walter, Allison. "Propriétés anti-angiogéniques des polyphénols du vin rouge in vivo : rôle potentiel dans la prévention de l'athérosclérose et des cancers". Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6268.

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En 2005 l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) décomptait 58 millions de décès dans le monde dont 30% étaient dus aux maladies cardiovasculaires et 13% aux cancers, pathologies dont le développement est en partie contrôlé par la néo-angiogenèse. Des études épidémiologiques ont montré qu’une consommation régulière de fruits et de légumes et de vin rouge, en quantité modérée, est associée à une réduction du risque d’apparition de maladies cardiovasculaires et de cancers. Cet effet protecteur a été attribué en partie aux composés polyphénoliques. L’objectif principal de ce travail est d’évaluer le potentiel anti-angiogénique des polyphénols du vin rouge in vivo et de déterminer si ces propriétés contribuent à retarder la croissance tumorale et le développement de pathologies cardiovasculaires. Une première étude a permis de montrer que l’absorption de polyphénols du vin rouge prévient le stress oxydant ainsi que l’expression des ces facteurs pro-angiogéniques induits par l’angiotensine II in vivo. Une seconde étude a démontré que l’effet pro-angiogénique de l’angiotensine II est associé à la formation de néo-vaisseaux et à l’expression de facteurs pro-angiogéniques et que l’effet anti-angiogénique des polyphénols de vin rouge est associé à la prévention de cette néoangiogenèse induite par l’angiotensine ainsi qu’à une prévention de l’expression des facteurs pro-angiogéniques. Un modèle de tumeurs colorectales sous-cutanées a permis de démontrer que l’absorption de polyphénols in vivo permet de prévenir la croissance tumorale associée à une réduction de l’angiogenèse, de l’expression de facteurs pro-angiogénqiues tout en induisant l’expression de gènes suppresseurs de tumeurs
In 2005 the World Health Organization (WHO) mentioned 58 millions of death among them 30% are attributated to cadiovascular disease and 13% to cancers, pathologies associated to angiogenesis. Epidemiological studies demonstrated that a regular intake of fruits, vegetables and red wine is associated to a reduced risk of ardiovascular diseases and cancers. This protective effect has been attributed to polyphenolic compounds. The major goal of this study is to evaluate the in vivo anti-angiogenic potential of red wine polyphenols and to determine if these properties participate the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and tumoral development. A first study demonstrated that in vivo intake of red wine polyphenols prevent oxidative stress and pro-angiogenic factors induced by angiotensin II. A second one, demonstrated that the pro-angiogenic effect of angiotensine II is associated to the development of new blood vessels and to pro-angiogenic factors. Red wine polyphenols intake prevent new blood vessels formation as weel as pro-angiogenic factors expression. A sub-cutanous colorectal cancer model, let us to show that red wine polyhenols intake in vivo, reduces tumor development, neo-angiogenesis, tumor pro-angiogenic factors and induces apoptosis

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Decourcelle, Amélie. "Régulation de l’expression d’UNC5A par l’axe OGT/EZH2 : une nouvelle connexion entre nutrition, épigénétique et cancer colorectal ?" Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1S106.

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Si de nombreuses études soutiennent l’existence d’une relation étroite entre les désordres nutritionnels, les modifications épigénétiques et l’étiologie du cancer colorectal (CCR), les mécanismes sous-jacents restent à éclaircir. Les gènes suppresseurs de tumeurs de la famille UNC5H (UNC5A, B, C et D) qui codent des récepteurs membranaires contrôlant la balance survie/apoptose font partie des gènes fréquemment réprimés au cours de la carcinogenèse colique par des mécanismes épigénétiques encore peu compris. Dans le modèle murin de carcinogenèse colique AOM/DSS, nous avons montré que l’expression d’UNC5A, UNC5B et UNC5C était diminuée dans les tumeurs mais exclusivement chez les souris soumises à un régime riche en sucres (HCD) durant toute la durée de l’expérience, reliant ainsi la nutrition à leur perte d’expression dans le CCR. La O-GlcNAcylation est une modification post-traductionnelle ciblant des milliers de protéines nucléocytoplasmiques et mitochondriales intervenant dans divers processus cellulaires fondamentaux parmi lesquels la régulation épigénétique de l’expression génique et dont les niveaux sont augmentés au cours de la carcinogenèse colique. Les niveaux de O-GlcNAcylation dépendent étroitement du nucléotide sucre donneur de la réaction, l’UDP-GlcNAc, qui lui-même est au carrefour de plusieurs métabolismes définissant cette glycosylation comme un senseur nutritionnel. Dans ce contexte, nous avons émis l’hypothèse selon laquelle la O-GlcNAcylation puisse représenter un des relais moléculaires entre la nutrition et la répression des gènes de la famille UNC5H au cours de la carcinogenèse colique. Dans des cellules cancéreuses coliques humaines, par une combinaison d'approches incluant inhibitions pharmacologiques et interférence à l’ARN couplées à des analyses en RT-qPCR et à des tests d’activité promotrice, nous avons montré l’action conjointe de la O-GlcNAcylation et d’EZH2 (la sous-unité catalytique du complexe PRC2 responsable du dépôt de la marque épigénétique répressive H3K27Me3) dans la régulation de l’expression d’UNC5A. Plus précisément, des expériences de CUT&RUN nous ont permis de prouver que la O-GlcNAcylation d’EZH2 permet son recrutement sur le promoteur d’UNC5A afin de réprimer sa transcription. L’ensemble de nos résultats soutiennent donc l'hypothèse selon laquelle la O-GlcNAcylation pourrait représenter une nouvelle connexion entre la nutrition et la régulation épigénétique de gènes suppresseurs de tumeurs clés régissant la cancérisation de la muqueuse colique
Although many studies support a close relationship between nutritional disorders, epigenetic changes and the etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC), the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The UNC5H tumor suppressor genes (UNC5A, B, C and D) that code for membrane receptors controlling the survival/apoptosis balance are among the genes frequently repressed during colonic carcinogenesis by epigenetic mechanisms that are still poorly understood. In the AOM/DSS mouse model of colonic carcinogenesis, we showed that UNC5A, UNC5B and UNC5C expression was decreased in tumors but exclusively in mice subjected to a High Carbohydrate Diet (HCD) during all the time course of the experiment, thus linking nutrition to their repression in CRC. O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification targeting thousands of nucleocytoplasmic and mitochondrial proteins involved in various fundamental cellular processes including epigenetic regulation of gene expression and whose levels are increased during colonic carcinogenesis. O-GlcNAcylation levels depend of UDP-GlcNAc, the sugar nucleotide donor of the reaction, which itself is at the crossroad of several metabolisms, thus defining this glycosylation as a nutritional sensor. In this context, we hypothesized that O-GlcNAcylation could be one of the molecular relays between nutrition and UNC5H genes repression during colonic carcinogenesis. In human colon cancer cells, by using a combination of pharmacological inhibitions and siRNA approaches coupled to RT-qPCR analyses and promoter activities studies, we showed that O-GlcNAcylation and EZH2 (the catalytic subunit of the PRC2 complex responsible for the deposition of the epigenetic repressive mark H3K27Me3) act jointly to repress UNC5A expression. More precisely, by CUT&RUN experiments, we demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation of EZH2 allows its recruitment onto the UNC5A promoter to repress its transcription. To conclude, all these results confirm the hypothesis that O-GlcNAcylation could be a new connection between nutrition and epigenetic regulation of tumor suppressor genes governing the cancerization of the colonic mucosa

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Garcia, Vânia Cristina Lamônica. "Estado nutricional e níveis plasmáticos de trauma e seus precursores em pacientes portadores de neoplasias malignas de esôfago /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86326.

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Resumo: o paciente com câncer de esôfago tem a desnutrição protéico-energética como principal fator de risco. A taurina é um composto sulfurado que participa de funções fisiológicas importantes, como a manutenção do sistema de defesa do organismo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o metabolismo da taurina e seus precursores e a associação destes, com os indicadores nuíricionais de pacientes com câncer de esôfago. Para tanto, realizou-se estudo prospectivo com corte vertical e grupo controle, em 18 pacientes (43-73 anos) portadores de neoplasia maligna de esôfago, e 20 voluntários (27-65 anos) controles sadios. Em todos foram realizadas dosagens plasmáticas de taurina, cisteína e homocisteína e avaliação do estado nutricional antropométrico e bioquímico. Paralelamente, foram coletados dados referentes à história e ao diagnóstico clínico e período de sobrevivência dos pacientes. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste t de Sfudenf e correlação de Pearson. O câncer de esôfago foi mais predominante no sexo masculino e na raça branca. Houve maior freqüência do carcinoma espino celular e localização no terço superior. A maioria dos pacientes. no momento do diagnóstico, apresentou estágio avançado da doença (estadio IV). A perda de peso nos pacientes foi de 14,9%, entretanto, variáveis CMB e %GC não apresentaram diferença estatística com o controle. Adicionalmente, no grupo de estudo, foram observadas hipoalbuminemia e elevação da PCR (55,5% e 50% dos pacientes, respectivamente). Os níveis de Hb, Ht, Colesterol total, HOL e cisteína foram menores, e os de TGO, TGP, taurina e homocisteína maiores significativamente do que o grupo controle (p<0,05). A taurina se correlacionou positivamente com CTL (r=0,49 e p=O,03) e a sobrevida... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The main risk factor of the esophagus' cancer patient is pratein-energetic malnourishment. Taurine is a sulphur-containing amino acid which takes part in important physiological functions such as organíc defense system maintenance. The objective of this work was to study the metabolism of taurine and its precursors and their association with nutritional indicators in patients with esophagus cancer whose main risk factor is protein-energy undemutrition. This was a prospective study with a vertical cut and control group with 18 malignant esophageal neoplasia (4373yrs) and 20 healthy volunteers (27-65yrs). Ali individuais were scrutinized with respect to their plasma levels of taurine, cysteine, and homocysteine and underwent nutritional, anthropometrical, and biomedical state evaluation. Also data were collected on patient history, clínical diagnosis, and survival time. Data were analyzed by Student t and Pearson Correlatíon tests. Esophagus cancer was more predominant in white males. Squamous cel! carcinoma and superior third location were frequent Most patients were in the advanced stage when diagnosed (Stage IV). Patient weight loss was 14.9%, however, AMC and %BF were not statistically different to contrais. Additionally hypoalbuminemia and elevaíed PCR (in 55.5% & 50% of patients, respectively). Hb, Ht, total cholesterol, HDL, and cysteine were significantly lower, and GOT, GPT, taurine, and homocysteine significantly higher than controls (p<0.05). Taurine positively correlated with CTL... (Complete abstract click eletronic address below)
Orientador: Maria Aparecida Arruda Coelho Henry
Coorientador: Roberto Carlos Burini
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Mathieu-Nicot, Florence. "La nutrition parentérale chez les patients en phase palliative de cancer : de "l'oralité bouche" à "l'oralité cutanée"". Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA1021/document.

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La pratique de la prescription de la nutrition parentérale en phase palliative d’un cancer soulève différentes réactions chez le malade. Dans ce travail, nous proposons d’orienter notre réflexion vers une approche psychologique de l’image inconsciente du corps. En interrogeant des patients qui acceptent ou refusent ce nouveau type d’alimentation, nous viendrons questionner le rôle de certaines fonctions du « Moi-peau » définit par Didier Anzieu. Effectivement, la création d’une zone artificielle de nutrition vient perturber l’image du corps dans le registre pulsionnel de l’oralité. Comment le Moi du sujet peut-il économiquement investir ou non cette nouvelle zone du corps ?
The practice of prescribing parenteral nutrition in the palliative phase of cancer leads to different reactions in patients. In this work, we will take a psychological approach to the experience of body image in this phase of cancer. Interviewing patients who accept or refuse this parenteral nutrition, we will focus on certain functions of the “Moi-peau” concept defined by Didier Anzieu. Indeed, creating an artificial area of the body for nutrition purposes disturbs body image in the field of orality. How will the “me” of the subject invest in this new body economically ?

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Senesse, Pierre. "Alimentation et cancérogénèse colorectale : de l'adénome au cancer". Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON1T018.

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Une etude cas-temoin, realisee en suivant la filiation adenome-cancer, a permis d'analyser les differents facteurs alimentaires intervenant aux trois etapes de la cancerogenese colorectale (petit adenome, gros adenome et cancer colorectal). Les resultats sont discutes a la lumiere de donnees epidemiologiques de la litterature. De facon globale, le risque de genese d'un adenome serait influence par le tabagisme et l'apport en acide folique. Les etudes epidemiologiques ont peu etudie cette premiere etape et ne permettent pas d'apprehender avec precision les facteurs alimentaires susceptibles d'avoir un effet protecteur, en dehors, peut-etre, des folates. Les etudes d'intervention n'ont pas permis de prevenir la recidive des adenomes, sauf une utilisant des supplements de calcium. La croissance d'un adenome semble essentiellement liee aux antecedents familiaux de cancer colorectal, a la consommation de tabac et d'alcool, a la sedentarite, a la consommation de viande grasse et de charcuterie. Enfin, l'etape de transformation maligne serait influencee par les antecedents familiaux de cancer, par la consommation de charcuterie, de produits cerealiers raffines ainsi que par l'exces calorique et la sedentarite. Les elements protecteurs proviendraient de fibres d'origine variee (vegetaux, fruits, cereales) et previendraient le risque de cancer colorectal principalement au niveau du colon distal. Nous avons egalement synthetise ces resultats sous forme de typologies alimentaires permettant de conseiller une alimentation "prudente" (c'est-a-dire limitee en calories et equilibree avec un apport faible de graisses saturees et hydrates de carbone raffines) ou de type mediterraneenne (riche en huile d'olive, fruits et legumes). Ce travail incite a une prudence concernant d'une part l'enrichissement systematique dans les aliments de consommation courante en micronutriments et, d'autre part, les etudes d'intervention portant sur les adenomes, car tres peu de donnees sont encore disponibles.

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Facina, Vanessa Barbosa. "Evolução do estado nutricional de mulheres com cânceres de mama, ovário ou útero e associação com a ingestão alimentar e sintomas gastrintestinais /". Araraquara : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88674.

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Resumo: O câncer é um importante problema de saúde pública mundial e, também, em países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil. Dentre os tipos mais frequentes entre as mulheres brasileiras, têm-se os cânceres de mama, de colo de útero e de ovário. Nesta pesquisa foram estudados aspectos relativos à alimentação e nutrição de mulheres acometidas por estes cânceres ginecológicos, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da quimioterapia na evolução do estado nutricional destas mulheres considerando os sintomas gastrintestinais, o consumo alimentar e as alterações nos exames bioquímicos. Participaram do estudo 29 mulheres, sendo 22 acometidas pelo câncer de mama, 4 pelo câncer de ovário e 3 pelo o de colo de útero. Para tanto, no 1º, 3º e 5º ciclos de quimioterapia foram realizadas entrevistas nas quais as pacientes eram inquiridas sobre intolerâncias alimentares, sintomas gastrintestinais e aplicada a Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida Pelo Paciente (ASG-PPP).O consumo alimentar foi avaliado pelo recordatório do consumo de 24 horas, no dia que precedeu a quimioterapia e no dia do procedimento. No dia da quimioterapia foi realizada ainda a avaliação antropométrica. Os dados de exames bioquímicos e de protocolos de quimioterapia foram coletados dos prontuários. Como resultado se obteve que durante a quimioterapia, os sintomas mais frequentes foram: náusea, disgeusia, obstipação, anorexia, diarreia e mucosite. O consumo alimentar sofreu redução em relação à quantidade de energia e nutrientes ingeridos no período em que a paciente realizava a sessão quimioterápica em relação ao período que antecedia a esta. Houve pequena, mas significativa redução na média geral do peso corporal do primeiro para o terceiro ciclo de quimioterapia. No entanto, a maioria das mulheres com câncer de mama ganhou peso... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Cancer is an important public health problem worldwide, and also in developing countries like Brazil. Among the most frequent type affecting Brazilian women, there are cancers of breast, cervical and ovarian. This research studies the aspects related to feeding and nutrition of women affected by these gynecological cancers, with the goal to assess the effect of chemotherapy on the evolution of the nutritional status of these women considering gastrointestinal symptoms, food consumption and changes in biochemical tests. The study included 29 women, 22 affected by breast cancer, 4 by ovarian cancer, and 3 had cervical cancer. Interviews were conducted, on first, third and fifth chemotherapy protocols, in which patients were asked about food intolerance, gastrointestinal symptoms and applied Subjective Global Assessment Produced by the Patient. Dietary intake was assessed by recall of consumption of 24 hours on the day prior to chemotherapy and the day of the procedure. On the day of chemotherapy was also evaluation anthropometric. The data from biochemical and chemotherapy protocols were collected from medical records. As a result it was found that during chemotherapy, being the most common symptoms were: nausea, dysgeusia, constipation, anorexia, diarrhea and mucositis. Food consumption reduced in relation to the amount of energy and nutrients consumed in the period in which the patient was a chemotherapy session in relation to the period preceding this. There was a small but significant reduction in overall mean body weight from first to third cycle of chemotherapy. However, most women with breast cancer gained weight during the procedure. There was no association between frequency of symptoms with the anthropometric indicators, but rather with the consumption of macronutrients and erythrocytes. The ASG-PPP showed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Maria Rita Marques de Oliveira
Coorientador: Cláudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi
Banca: Vânia Aparecida Leandro Merhi
Banca: Maria Jacira Silva Simões
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Prado, Corina Dias do. "Avaliação nutricional de pacientes com câncer /". Araraquara : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88679.

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Orientador: Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos
Banca: Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos
Banca: Ana Lúcia Coradazzi
Banca: Camila Pinelli
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar vários métodos de avaliação nutricional aplicados a pacientes oncológicos. No primeiro capítulo, discutiu-se a literatura existente sobre o tema, a fim de servir de subsídio para alertar os profissionais de saúde sobre a importância e as implicações do estado nutricional do paciente para seu prognóstico e qualidade de vida. No segundo capítulo, realizou-se a adaptação cultural da Avaliação Subjetiva Global - Produzida pelo Paciente (ASG-PPP) e estimou-se sua reprodutibilidade. No terceiro capítulo, calculou-se as medidas estimadas de peso e altura de 62 pacientes, avaliou-se sua correlação e concordância com as medidas reais e identificou-se o risco de desnutrição de pacientes oncológicos, o qual foi aferido a partir de diferentes métodos. No quarto capítulo, investigou-se as características clínicas, sócio-demográficas e o estado nutricional de 134 pacientes oncológicos atendidos no Hospital Amaral Carvalho- Jaú, SP, no período de abril a novembro de 2008
Abstract: The aim of this study was to describe the several methods of nutritional assessment applied in patients with cancer. In the first chapter, the current literature on this topic is described in order to make health professionals aware of the importance and implications of the nutritional status for the prognosis and quality of life of patients with cancer. In the second chapter, the transcultural adaptation of the "Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) was performed and its reliability was estimated. In the third chapter, the estimated measures of weight and height (n=62) were calculated, the correlation and concordance with real measurements were assessed, and the risk of malnutrition of patients with cancer was identified by means of different methods of evaluation. In the fourth chapter, the clinical and demographic characteristics, and the nutritional status of 134 oncologic patients at Amaral Carvalho Hospital-Jaú, SP, are investigated between April and November 2008
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Lecuyer, Lucie. "Signatures métabolomiques associées au risque à long terme de cancers du sein et de la prostate et à l’alimentation dans la cohorte SU.VI.MAX : Nouveaux horizons ouverts par la métabolomique appliquée à l’épidémiologie nutritionnelle". Thesis, Paris 13, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA131023.

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Les cancers du sein et de la prostate sont parmi les cancers ayant la plus forte incidence dans le monde,notamment dans les pays occidentaux. Les principaux défis actuels sont d’améliorer la compréhension des relations nutrition/santé et l’identification des personnes à plus haut risque bien avant l’apparition du cancer afin de mettre en place des actions de préventions. De nombreux facteurs influencent la mise en place et la progression du cancer. Parmi eux, la nutrition apparaît comme un facteur clé, puisqu’il s’agit d’un facteur modifiable sur lequel il est possible d'agir via des interventions, il est donc essentiel d’évaluer sa contribution. Pour cela, une mesure précise de l'apport nutritionnel est nécessaire. La métabolomique permettant l’identification de potentiels biomarqueurs endogènes, exogènes et microbiens ouvre donc de nouvelles perspectives en épidémiologie nutritionnelle. A ce jour, encore très peu d’études ont investigué l’impact de l’alimentation globale sur le métabolisme et le risque de cancer du sein et de la prostate par profilage métabolomique. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons donc conduit des études cas-témoins nichées et transversales dans la cohorte SU.VI.MAX afin de mettre en évidence des signatures plasmatiques du risque de cancers du sein et de la prostate et de l’alimentation globale. Les échantillons plasmatiques ont été collectés à l’inclusion dans la cohorte et analysés par deux méthodes complémentaires : la spectrométrie de masse couplée à la chromatographie liquide et la résonance magnétique nucléaire du proton. Les habitudes alimentaires des participants ont été estimées grâce à des enregistrements alimentaires de 24h répétés et les données socio-démographiques et de mode de vie ont été obtenues grâce à des questionnaires autodéclarés. Ces recherches ont permis de mettre en évidence des métabolites endogènes et issus du métabolisme microbien associés à l’alimentation globale et également des biomarqueurs candidats d’une exposition alimentaire spécifique. Nous avons également identifié des métabolites associés au risque de cancers du sein et de la prostate, endogènes, exogènes et microbiens suggérant une perturbation métabolique jusqu’à 13 ans avant le diagnostic du cancer. Par ailleurs, l’alimentation semble jouer un rôle dans la variation des taux plasmatiques de certains métabolites permettant de discriminer les individus à plus haut risque de développer un cancer du sein ou de la prostate. Ces résultats devront être répliqués dans d’autres études indépendantes d’observation et d’intervention.A terme, l’identification de signatures métaboliques robustes du risque de cancers du sein et de la prostate, de l’impact de l’alimentation sur le métabolisme et la cancérogenèse et de l’apport alimentaire pourraient permettre de contribuer à l’amélioration de la compréhension des relations entre environnement et santé, de l’évaluation de l’exposition nutritionnelle voire à la mise en place de nouvelles recommandations en matière de santé publique en vue de la diminution de l’incidence de ces pathologies
Breast and prostate cancers are among the cancers with the highest incidence worldwide and notably in Western countries. The main current challenges lie in the improvement of understanding of nutrition/health relationships and in the identification of individuals at higher risk long before the development of overt cancer to set up prevention actions. A variety of factors exert an impact on the onset and progression of cancer. Among these, nutrition appears as a key factor, in that it can be modified and acted upon through interventions. It is therefore crucial to assess its contribution. For this purpose,detailed and accurate assessment of nutritional intake is essential. Metabolomics, allowing the identification of endogenous, exogenous and microbial biomarkers, opens new perspectives in nutritional epidemiology. So far, few have studies investigated the impact of overall diet on metabolism and risk of breast and prostate cancer through metabolomic profiling. As part of this thesis, we conducted nested case-controls and cross-sectional studies within the SU.VI.MAX cohort to highlight plasma signatures of breast and prostate cancer risks and of overall diet. Plasma samples were collected at baseline and were analysed using two complementary methods : mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Participants dietary habits were estimated using repeated 24h dietary records and socio-demographic and lifestyle data were collected from self-administered questionnaires.These investigations highlighted endogenous and microbial metabolites associated with overall diet as well as candidate biomarkers of specific dietary exposures. We also identified endogenous, exogenous and microbial metabolites associated with breast and prostate cancers risk suggesting a metabolic disruption up to 13 years before cancer diagnostic. Furthermore, diet appears to be implicated in the variation in plasma levels of some metabolites discriminating individuals at higher risk of developing breast or prostate cancers. These results need to be replicated in future independent observational and interventional studies. In the future, the identification of robust metabolic signatures of breast and prostate cancers risk, of the impact of diet on metabolism and carcinogenesis, and food intake would contribute to better understand health and environment relationships, to better estimate nutritional exposure or even to contribute to the set-up of new public health recommendations in order to reduce the incidence of these pathologies

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Chaltiel, Dan. "Développement et validation du score d’adhérence aux recommandations nutritionnelles françaises de 2017 et associations avec la santé". Thesis, Paris 13, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA131074.

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Cette thèse présente le développement et la validation scientifique du PNNS-GS2, le score de qualité nutritionnelle basé sur la mise-à-jour de 2017 des recommandations françaises, ainsi que son association avec le surpoids et l’obésité, la mortalité, les maladies cardiovasculaires et les cancers, pathologies fréquemment liées à l’alimentation.Les analyses se basent sur les données de participants issus de la cohorte NutriNet-Santé, et notamment sur des enregistrements alimentaires de 24h validés, de nombreuses variables sociodémographiques et anthropométriques, ainsi que des indicateurs clinico-biologiques.Les associations observées entre le PNNS-GS2 et les facteurs sociodémographiques, nutritionnels et clinico-biologiques étudiés sont cohérentes avec la littérature et attestent de sa bonne validité. Son association significative avec une diminution du risque de surpoids/obésité, de mortalité non accidentelle, de maladies cardiovasculaires et de cancers contribue à renforcer la pertinence des nouvelles recommandations nutritionnelles.Ces résultats favoriseront la diffusion et l’acceptation scientifique de ces recommandations, et mettent à disposition un indicateur pour leur étude ultérieure
This thesis presents the development and scientific validation of the PNNS-GS2, the dietary quality score based on the 2017 update of the French recommendations, as well as its association with overweight and obesity, mortality, cardiovascular diseases and cancers, pathologies frequently linked to diet.The analyses are based on data from participants from the NutriNet-Santé cohort, including validated 24-hour dietary records, numerous socio-demographic and anthropometric variables, and clinical-biological indicators.The associations observed between PNNS-GS2 and the socio-demographic, nutritional and clinical-biological factors studied are consistent with the literature and attest to its validity. Its significant association with a reduction in the risk of overweight/obesity, non-accidental mortality, cardiovascular disease and cancer contributes to reinforcing the relevance of the new nutritional recommendations.These results will promote the dissemination and scientific acceptance of these recommendations, and provide an indicator for further study

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Drareni, Kenza. "Taste and cancer : satisfy the senses to maintain food enjoyment during chemotherapy". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1008.

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Le maintien du plaisir à s'alimenter durant un traitement par chimiothérapie est un enjeu majeur pour les patients, leurs familles et les professionnels de la restauration en hôpital afin de lutter contre la dénutrition. Or, les altérations sensorielles fréquemment observées chez les patients et exprimées différemment d'un patient à l'autre peuvent interférer avec le goût des aliments, impactant négativement le plaisir résultant de leur consommation. L'objectif de ce travail est de contribuer à définir un modèle exhaustif de l'effet de la chimiothérapie pendant le cancer sur les capacité olfactives et gustatives des patients, et des conséquences que cela peut avoir sur leur comportement alimentaire. Une première partie porte sur la compréhension de la variabilité des modifications sensorielles et de leurs conséquences sur le comportement alimentaire des patients. Nos résultats ont conclu à l'existence de divers profils sensoriels chez les patients sous chimiothérapie : les patients ne présentant pas d'altérations sensorielles, les patients présentant une hyposensibilité, et les patients présentant une hypersensibilité aux stimulations olfactives/gustatives. Les patients ayant des altérations des capacités olfactives/gustatives ont également montré des modifications du comportement alimentaire. D'une part, la classification des patients sur la base de leurs capacités sensorielles auto-déclarées a mis en évidence l'impact négatif de l'hyposensibilité aux stimulations olfactives et gustatives sur la perception des aliments. D'autres part, une classification basée sur les capacités olfactives évaluées par des tests psychophysiques a montré une modification des habitudes de consommation chez les patients atteints d'hyposmie. Les deux approches ont conclu à une tendance générale à la baisse des capacités perceptives chez les patients atteints de cancer et traités par chimiothérapie. Une seconde partie plus opérationnelle a permis de tester l'enrichissement sensoriel comme stratégie de palliation des déficits sensoriels. Les résultats suggèrent qu'un enrichissement en saveur ou en arôme augmente l'appréciation de l'aliment pour le groupe de patients ayant reporté une baisse de la sensibilité olfactive/gustative, ainsi que les patients n'ayant pas déclaré avoir de déficits sensoriels mais pas dans le groupe de sujets contrôles. Ces travaux mettent en évidence la diversité interindividuelle existante entre les patients et confirment l'implication des altérations olfactives/gustatives dans la modification du comportement alimentaire. Nos résultats soulignent l'importance d'une prise en charge nutritionnelle personnalisée des patients selon leur profil d'altérations sensorielles
Maintaining the pleasure of eating during a chemotherapy treatment is a major challenge for patients, their families and hospital catering professionals to avoid malnutrition. However, the sensory alterations frequently observed in patients and expressed differently from one patient to another can interfere with the taste of food and reduce the pleasure resulting from food consumption. The aim of this work is to contribute to define a model of the effect of chemotherapy during cancer on olfactory and gustatory abilities of patients, and the consequences that this may have on their eating behavior. The first part of this work focuses on understanding the variability of sensory changes and their consequences on patients’ eating behavior. Our results highlighted three main sensory profiles : patients with no sensory impairment, patients with hyposensitivity, and patients with hypersensitivity to olfactory / gustatory stimuli. Patients with impaired olfactory / gustatory abilities expressed also changes in their food behavior.The classification of patients on the basis of their self-reported sensory abilities highlighted the negative impact of hyposensitivity on food taste perception. The classification based on psychophysical assessment of olfactory abilities showed a change in consumption habits in patients with hyposmia. Both approaches found a general downward trend in perceptual abilities of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy.In the second part of this work we examined the effect of food sensory enhancement as a coping strategy to sensory alterations. The results suggest that taste or aroma enhancement increases food liking in patients with decreased olfactory / taste sensitivity, and patients who did not report taste and smell deficits but has no effect on the hedonic rating of food in the group of control subjects. This work highlights the interindividual diversity existing between patients and confirms the involvement of olfactory / taste alterations in patients food behavior modification. Our results stresses the importance of personalized nutritional management of patients considering their sensory alteration profile

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Cancer – Nutritional aspects”

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