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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "CANCER-ASSOCIATED MICROBE"
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Gnanasekar, Aditi, Neil Shende, Jaideep Chakladar, et al. "Abstract 3528: Influence of obesity-associated intra-tumor microbes on exacerbating cancer severity." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (2022): 3528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3528.
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Abstract Background: Despite there being a well-established connection between the gut microbiome and metabolic disease in humans, intra-tumor microbes and the mechanisms by which they regulate cell signaling, inflammation, and adipocyte growth to exacerbate disease severity in cancer patients also suffering from obesity remains largely unclear. In this study, we identified microbes to be distinctly abundant in cancer patients who are obese and correlated microbe abundance to patient survival, clinical variables, and immunological genes and pathways, in order to mechanistically explain how differential microbe abundance may influence clinical outcome. Methods: Microbial reads were aligned and extracted from raw whole-transcriptome RNA-sequencing data of cancer patient samples using Pathoscope 2.0 software. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to correlate body mass index (BMI)-associated microbes to clinical variables. Reactome FIViz and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis were used to calculate pathway enrichment. Results: We identified specific microbes, including Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 and Enterobacter cloacae, and chemokine and interleukin-related genes to be potential determining factors of disease severity among cancer patients in BMI-associated groups. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that microbes abundant in cancer tissue in obese patient samples, including Pseudomonas baetica in liver cancer patients, were significantly associated with the upregulation oncogenic, cell migration-related signaling pathways. Intra-tumor microbes from obese patient samples were also found to correlate with chemokine signaling and TFR2/NFkB-related genes, both of which have well-established roles in inflammatory activity. Conclusions: Our study significantly advances the understanding of the microbiome composition of the tumor microenvironment in patients who are obese and microbes’ relationship with clinical and immunologic variables, particularly inflammatory-related genes and pathways. We uncovered unknown mechanisms of the microbiome-immune interaction and obtained definitive data on microbiome dysbiosis in patients with obesity as a key determinant of severity of cancer, including microbe regulation of inflammasome activity. While deeper sequencing, more rigorous contamination correction, and in vitro and in vivo experiments are necessary to fully elucidate how microbe species can effectively act as therapeutic agents in probiotic and prebiotic therapies to reduce insulin resistance, inflammation, and glucose levels, our results are essential for guiding this future research. Citation Format: Aditi Gnanasekar, Neil Shende, Jaideep Chakladar, Wei T. Li, Lindsay M. Wong, Michael Karin, Weg M. Ongkeko. Influence of obesity-associated intra-tumor microbes on exacerbating cancer severity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3528.
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Bose, Mukulika, and Pinku Mukherjee. "Microbe–MUC1 Crosstalk in Cancer-Associated Infections." Trends in Molecular Medicine 26, no. 3 (2020): 324–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2019.10.003.
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Li, Wei Tse, Anjali S. Iyangar, Rohan Reddy, et al. "The Bladder Microbiome Is Associated with Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Muscle Invasive Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma." Cancers 13, no. 15 (2021): 3649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13153649.
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The intra-tumor microbiome has recently been linked to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a number of cancers. However, the relationship between EMT and microbes in bladder cancer has not been explored. In this study, we profiled the abundance of individual microbe species in the tumor samples of over 400 muscle invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC) patients. We then correlated microbe abundance to the expression of EMT-associated genes and genes in the extracellular matrix (ECM), which are key players in EMT. We discovered that a variety of microbes, including E. coli, butyrate-producing bacterium SM4/1, and a species of Oscillatoria, were associated with expression of classical EMT-associated genes, including E-cadherin, vimentin, SNAI2, SNAI3, and TWIST1. We also found significant correlations between microbial abundance and the expression of genes in the ECM, specifically collagens and elastin. Lastly, we found that a large number of microbes exhibiting significant correlations to EMT are also associated with clinical prognosis and outcomes. We further determined that the microbes we profiled were likely not environmental contaminants. In conclusion, we discovered that the intra-tumoral microbiome could potentially play a significant role in the regulation of EMT in MIBC.
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Malik, Hafiza Iqra, and Muhammad Imran Qadir. "Relation between Gut Microbiota and Cancer." JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR GENETICS 2, no. 1 (2021): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/jmmg.v2i1.28.
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Human has about 100 trillion symbiotic microbes in the gut with 300-1000 different species. Gut microbiota is associated with host metabolism, obesity, diabetes, hepatic disorder, and cancer. Nowadays, studies are focusing on the role of gut microbiota in cancer. Evidence shows that Fusobacterium is associated with colorectal cancer when its genome was confirmed by 16SRNA analysis and PCR technique in cancerous cell. The complete mechanism of gut microbe involvement in cancer is still unknown. There may be some association of toxic metabolites of gut microbes, dietary substances, and the immune response. This review will help to attain the brief knowledge about the research till now in the regard of gut microbiota with cancer. The study will also reveal the research of using gut microbes for anticancer therapy. It is examined that Lactobacillus rhamnosus in the form of probiotics has a significant role in anticancer therapy. The anticancerous therapeutic and immunogenic role of gut microbiota must be further studied.
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Ponath, Falk, Caroline Tawk, Yan Zhu, Lars Barquist, Franziska Faber, and Jörg Vogel. "RNA landscape of the emerging cancer-associated microbe Fusobacterium nucleatum." Nature Microbiology 6, no. 8 (2021): 1007–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41564-021-00927-7.
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Sayed, Ibrahim M., Anirban Chakraborty, Amer Ali Abd El-Hafeez, et al. "The DNA Glycosylase NEIL2 Suppresses Fusobacterium-Infection-Induced Inflammation and DNA Damage in Colonic Epithelial Cells." Cells 9, no. 9 (2020): 1980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9091980.
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer, while the majority (80–85%) of CRCs are sporadic and are microsatellite stable (MSS), and approximately 15–20% of them display microsatellite instability (MSI). Infection and chronic inflammation are known to induce DNA damage in host tissues and can lead to oncogenic transformation of cells, but the role of DNA repair proteins in microbe-associated CRCs remains unknown. Using CRC-associated microbes such as Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) in a coculture with murine and human enteroid-derived monolayers (EDMs), here, we show that, among all the key DNA repair proteins, NEIL2, an oxidized base-specific DNA glycosylase, is significantly downregulated after Fn infection. Fn infection of NEIL2-null mouse-derived EDMs showed a significantly higher level of DNA damage, including double-strand breaks and inflammatory cytokines. Several CRC-associated microbes, but not the commensal bacteria, induced the accumulation of DNA damage in EDMs derived from a murine CRC model, and Fn had the most pronounced effect. An analysis of publicly available transcriptomic datasets showed that the downregulation of NEIL2 is often encountered in MSS compared to MSI CRCs. We conclude that the CRC-associated microbe Fn induced the downregulation of NEIL2 and consequent accumulation of DNA damage and played critical roles in the progression of CRCs.
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Uzelac, Matthew, Wei Tse Li, Jaideep Chakladar, Daniel John, and Weg M. Ongkeko. "Abstract LB110: Racial and ethnic disparities associated with the intratumor microbiome in female cancers." Cancer Research 83, no. 8_Supplement (2023): LB110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-lb110.
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Abstract Background: The intratumor microbiome is implicated in tumor initiation, progression, and altered immune response to cancer therapies. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed correlations between microbial abundance and racial disparities in cancer. While these investigations provide novel insights into cancer disparities research, few have investigated which racial and ethnic disparities exist for patients with female malignancies. In this study, we characterized the intratumor microbiome according to racial and ethnic disparities in common female malignancies including breast, cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancers. Methods: We examined the intra-tumoral microbiome in the breasts, cervix, uterus, and ovaries (n = 2630). Raw tumor RNA sequencing data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and aligned to bacterial genomes using the PathoScope 2.0 framework and references genomes provided by the NCBI nucleotide database. Potential contaminants were identified and removed from downstream analyses by associating individual microbe abundance with total microbe abundance in each sample. Microbial abundance was correlated to race, ethnicity, and prognostic variables (Kruskal-Wallis test or Cox regression, p < 0.05). Finally, we validated our results using transcriptomic sequencing data downloaded from the GEO NCBI data portal. Results: Significant dysregulation of bacterial microbes according to race and ethnicity was observed in these cancers, but most notably in breast cancer in which 6 species correlated strongly with survival. Of particular significance were Veillonella Parvula and Mycobacteroides chelonae, which were both significantly dysregulated in Black breast cancer patients, with low abundance of both species correlating to poor survival. Cupriavidus Taiwanensis and Delftia Acidovorans were more abundant in Black breast cancer patients, with high abundance correlating to poorer prognosis. Black patients were also diagnosed at significantly later cancer stages in cervical cancer. We also observed significant correlations of bacterial microbe abundance with prognostic and treatment variables in these cancers, including pathologic TNM staging, neoplasm presence, therapy outcome, and more. Conclusion: Our study is the most comprehensive to date investigating racial differences in the intra-tumoral microbiome in common female cancers. We found that differences in intratumoral microbial abundance may account in part for observed racial and ethnic disparities in cancer prevalence and progression in these cancers. Further studies are needed to investigate the specific mechanisms by which these microbes contribute to these observed cancer disparities within the tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: Matthew Uzelac, Wei Tse Li, Jaideep Chakladar, Daniel John, Weg M. Ongkeko. Racial and ethnic disparities associated with the intratumor microbiome in female cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 2 (Clinical Trials and Late-Breaking Research); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(8_Suppl):Abstract nr LB110.
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Armstrong, Heather, Michael Bording-Jorgensen, Stephanie Dijk, and Eytan Wine. "The Complex Interplay between Chronic Inflammation, the Microbiome, and Cancer: Understanding Disease Progression and What We Can Do to Prevent It." Cancers 10, no. 3 (2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers10030083.
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Cancer is a multifaceted condition, in which a senescent cell begins dividing in an irregular manner due to various factors such as DNA damage, growth factors and inflammation. Inflammation is not typically discussed as carcinogenic; however, a significant percentage of cancers arise from chronic microbial infections and damage brought on by chronic inflammation. A hallmark cancer-inducing microbe is Helicobacter pylori and its causation of peptic ulcers and potentially gastric cancer. This review discusses the recent developments in understanding microbes in health and disease and their potential role in the progression of cancer. To date, microbes can be linked to almost every cancer, including colon, pancreatic, gastric, and even prostate. We discuss the known mechanisms by which these microbes can induce cancer growth and development and how inflammatory cells may contribute to cancer progression. We also discuss new treatments that target the chronic inflammatory conditions and their associated cancers, and the impact microbes have on treatment success. Finally, we examine common dietary misconceptions in relation to microbes and cancer and how to avoid getting caught up in the misinterpretation and over inflation of the results.
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Wang, Di, Yan Cui, Yuxuan Cao, Yuehan He, and Hui Chen. "Human Microbe-Disease Association Prediction by a Novel Double-Ended Random Walk with Restart." BioMed Research International 2020 (August 11, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3978702.
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Microorganisms in the human body play a vital role in metabolism, immune defense, nutrient absorption, cancer control, and prevention of pathogen colonization. More and more biological and clinical studies have shown that the imbalance of microbial communities is closely related to the occurrence and development of various complex human diseases. Finding potential microbial-disease associations is critical for understanding the pathology of a few diseases and thus further improving disease diagnosis and prognosis. In this study, we proposed a novel computational model to predict disease-associated microbes. Specifically, we first constructed a heterogeneous interconnection network based on known microbe-disease associations deposited in a few databases, the similarity between diseases, and the similarity between microorganisms. We then predicted novel microbe-disease associations by a new method called the double-ended restart random walk model (DRWHMDA) implemented on the interconnection network. In addition, we performed case studies of colon cancer and asthma for further evaluation. The results indicate that 10 and 9 of the top 10 microorganisms predicted to be associated with colorectal cancer and asthma were validated by relevant literatures, respectively. Our method is expected to be effective in identifying disease-related microorganisms and will help to reveal the relationship between microorganisms and complex human diseases.
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Liu, Yunjie, Yao-zhong Zhang, and Seiya Imoto. "Microbial Gene Ontology informed deep neural network for microbe functionality discovery in human diseases." PLOS ONE 18, no. 8 (2023): e0290307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290307.
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The human microbiome plays a crucial role in human health and is associated with a number of human diseases. Determining microbiome functional roles in human diseases remains a biological challenge due to the high dimensionality of metagenome gene features. However, existing models were limited in providing biological interpretability, where the functional role of microbes in human diseases is unexplored. Here we propose to utilize a neural network-based model incorporating Gene Ontology (GO) relationship network to discover the microbe functionality in human diseases. We use four benchmark datasets, including diabetes, liver cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer, to explore the microbe functionality in the human diseases. Our model discovered and visualized the novel candidates’ important microbiome genes and their functions by calculating the important score of each gene and GO term in the network. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our model achieves a competitive performance in predicting the disease by comparison with other non-Gene Ontology informed models. The discovered candidates’ important microbiome genes and their functions provide novel insights into microbe functional contribution.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "CANCER-ASSOCIATED MICROBE"
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HASHMI, RAMSHA. "IN-SILICO STUDY BASED EVIDENCE OF MICROBE DRIVEN MODULATION OF CANCER PROGNOSIS." Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18898.
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Cancer has been a major cause of disease burden on humanity for eons with one-fifth of all
instances of cancer being connected with microbial prevalence and dysbiosis. There has been an
inrush of instances asserting the dual character of human microbiota in maintaining homeostasis
and its association with various ailments, including cancer. The diverse microbiota inhabiting the
gut constitute a complicated symbiotic relationship conferring benefits to the organisms’ body in
numerous ways, such as aiding metabolism, immunity, and nutrition. The microbiome has been
seen to be affected by behavior, central nervous system & cardiovascular physiology, dysbiosis,
innate & adaptive immunity, and diet & environment. Disturbances in regulatory pathways mainly
responsible for guarding homeostasis as well as microbial dysbiosis lead to disease development.
Pathogens that are specifically associated with cancer do not work in solitude, rather, it’s an
association of microbes that have a cumulative impact on immune function and genome stability.
Accumulation of certain bacteria promotes persistent inflammation, genetic alterations in principal
inflammation-modulating genes which in turn elevate dysbiosis and thus cancer.
Tumor antigens that are present on the cancer cell surface like MUC16 and mesothelin show high-
affinity binding towards each other and have been attributed to increasing the metastasis and
migration capabilities of cancerous cells. In numerous instances of this morbidity certain bacteria
have been found to be closely associated in solid tumors as well as in surrounding normal tissues.
The new age of bioinformatics has revolutionized the science of omics and vaccinology by aiding
high-speed in-silico protein structure determination & epitope identification using fast and precise
vi
tools. In the present study, we have used the immunoinformatics strategy to identify and model a
microbial peptide in one such cancer-associated microbe which shows close homology with tumor
antigen CA125 which is aberrantly overexpressed in ovarian cancer cells among various other
diseases. The present study is based on a methodology which utilizes various bioinformatics tools
which are online as well as offline. The major techniques employed in the project are homology
modelling, protein-protein docking, and epitope prediction aided by visualization tools. Our results
exhibit a novel epitope-containing microbial peptide present in a cancer-associated bacteria that
shows binding to mesothelin through molecular docking studies, which could possibly hinder its
extensive binding to CA125 and therefore putatively alter the disease prognosis.
Części książek na temat "CANCER-ASSOCIATED MICROBE"
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Mane, Vinuta, Suresh B. Arakera, Shubhangi Pingle, and Lucky Thakkar. "Lectin as an Anticancer Therapeutic Agent." In Handbook of Research on Natural Products and Their Bioactive Compounds as Cancer Therapeutics. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9258-8.ch017.
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Every year nearly 9.6 million people die from cancer worldwide. One third of cancer deaths are due to behavioural and dietary risks and lack of physical activity. Lectins are powerful oral and parental immunogens and some of their physiological effects are intricately linked to interference with immune function. Lectins are produced by wide range of living organisms from microbes to mammals. They function as both allergens and heamagglutinins. Various lectins have been identified which are associated with different types of cancers. Because of this property, they are currently employed as therapeutic agents in cancer treatment.
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Vijendra, Poornima D., Pratap G. K., Kumar Vadlapudi, and Manjula S. "Natural Products for Treating Colorectal Cancer." In Handbook of Research on Natural Products and Their Bioactive Compounds as Cancer Therapeutics. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9258-8.ch005.
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the causes of cancer-related mortalities across the globe. Epidemiological studies reveal the risk factors for CRC are genetic and environmental factors. The current therapeutic methods for CRC are associated with side effects and drug resistance. Gut microbiome therapy is one of the recent approaches for the prevention of CRC, reducing its progression and improving the effectiveness of colorectal cancer treatment by modulating the gut microbiome. The use of phytoconstituents is another approach. These compounds increase the gene expression of the cell cycle inhibitors and protein levels. This chapter summarizes the role of the gut microbiome and modification of the gut microbiota to improve treatment efficacy and minimize adverse effects of CRC therapies. Natural candidates like gut microbes and plant-derived bioactive components demonstrate their efficacy in appropriate in vivo models and clinical studies, which may lead to the discovery of alternative therapies for colorectal cancer.
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Singh, Shilpi, Bindu Kumari, Sonal Sinha, Gireesh Kumar Singh, Suaib Lqman, and Dhananjay Kumar Singh. "Probiotics Based Anticancer Immunity In Stomach Cancer." In Probiotics in Anticancer Immunity. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815124781123030010.
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Stomach cancer is a global health challenge due to its increasing prevalence. The intestinal microbiota of humans plays a vital role in producing short-chain fatty acids, developing resistance towards pathogenic microbes, nutrient absorption, modulation in immunological response, metabolism, synthesis of vitamins, and gut immune system development. Many diseases or disorders, including cancers, obesity, psychiatric illnesses, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel syndrome, are associated with an imbalance of microbiotas. Earlier reports suggest that probiotics via the oral route act as a functional food and suppress cancer development. Further, some probiotics are clinically effective in reducing post-operative inflammation in cancer patients. Probiotics primarily display inhibitory effects against H. pylori infections in the digestive tract. The combination of probiotics with antibiotics has effectively eradicated H. pylori infections. Besides, probiotics reduce the pro-carcinogens metabolism, they also diminish the growth of pathogens and improve the consistency of the intestinal barrier. Moreover, compounds produced by the microorganisms are reported to interact unswervingly with cancer cells and affect their survival. The therapeutic efficacy and adverse side-effects of the strategies used for stomach cancer prevention could be improved by using probiotics either as adjuvant or neo-adjuvant as the safety concern of the commercially used strains has been verified. The underlying mechanism describing microbiota's effect on oncogenic activation, carcinogenic metabolite production, DNA damage, inhibition of tumour immunity, and chronic inflammation induction still needs a more detailed investigation. In addition, double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, and well-designed clinical studies are required to understand the efficacy and mode of action to reduce the death rate and stomach cancer burden. In depth studies are essential to set probiotics as an eccentric strategy for stomach cancer prevention and treatment.<br>
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Riddell, Anna, and C. Y. William Tong. "Gastro-intestinal, Hepatic, Pancreatic, and Biliary Infections." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0041.
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The gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) hosts the most numerous and diverse reservoir of microbes in humans. There is increasing interest in the relationship between the GIT microbiome and human health. Obesity, diabetes, allergy, and a number of inflammatory diseases have been linked with the human GIT microbiome. Infections of the GIT arise either as a result of a change in the relationship between the commensal microbes colonizing the GIT (endogenous infection) or entry in to the GIT of a micro-organism which causes disease (exogenous infection). Commensals most commonly invade host tissues as a result of compromised defensive barriers. Disease associated with exogenous infection can be toxin-mediated, or associated with local or systemic invasion of the host. Endogenous infections are usually polymicrobial. In the mouth the aetiology, presentation, and anatomical associations have led to the description of a number of syndromes. Peritonsillar infection with involvement of the internal jugular vein is Lemierre’s syndrome, which is particularly associated with infection with Fusobacterium necrophorum. ‘Trench mouth’ is a severe form of ulcerative gingivitis, so named because in the absence of oral hygiene it was a relatively common diagnosis among those in the trenches during the First World War. Ludwig’s angina is a severe infection of the floor of the mouth which spreads in to the submandibular and sub-lingual space, often following a tooth-related infection. Deep neck infections are more common in children than adults and can involve the parapharyngeal, retropharyngeal, peri-tonsillar, or sub-mandibular spaces. Children with deep neck infections are more likely than adults to present with cough and respiratory distress. Oesophagitis has a wide range of potential aetiologies. Fungi (particularly Candida species) are probably the most common microbial cause of oesophagitis. Fungal infection of the distal oesophagus is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of disseminated fungal infection. Risk factors for fungal infection include poor oral intake, exposure to antibiotics, immunocompromise (HIV, steroids, cancer treatments), gastric acid suppressants, and damage to mucosal integrity (naso-gastric tubes, acid reflux, varices). Bacteria (including Mycobacteria, Actinomycetes, Treponemes), parasites, and viruses (herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus) are rarer infectious causes of oesophagitis.
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Chaudhari, Archana, Swati Patel, and Mitesh Kumar Dwivedi. "Probiotics-based Anticancer Immunity In Lymphomas." In Anticancer Immunity: Reviewing the Potential of Probiotics. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815165135123040009.
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The gut microbiome can play an important role in maintaining homeostasis in the human body. An imbalance in the gut microbiome can lead to pro-inflammatory immune responses and the initiation of disease processes, including cancer. Lymphocytes play a significant role in the reaction to bacterial colonization, mainly by prompting a safe reaction to initiation. Most immunologically inhabitant cells are continually signaled by dendritic cells or other antigen-presenting cells that collect intestinal samples. Therefore, the microbiota is a pivotal contributor to developing lymphoma, and specific changes to microbiota composition could help prevent the risk. Microbial morphology can affect and control humanoids. The difference in the composition of these microbes is associated with tumor development. Moreover, with the increased exploration and knowledge of the connection between human microbiota and carcinogenesis, the use of these findings to predict, prevent, or diagnose lymphomas has attracted great attention. Probiotics have gained increasing medical significance due to their beneficial effect on the human body, which has been linked to the prevention and support of the treatment of many chronic diseases, including cancer, in the absence of side effects. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy are extensively used for the treatment of lymphomas. But these treatments have various side effects. There is much evidence that probiotics can help in preventing cancer and support anticancer therapy. This chapter presents the latest advances in research into the effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention and treatment support of lymphoma. In addition, the chapter also describes the potential mechanisms of probiotic chemoprevention and the advisability of using probiotics in the prevention of lymphoma.
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Hoseinpour, Samin, and Shadi Zarshad. "Introduction to Localized Controlled Drug Delivery Systems (LCDDSs)." In Localized Micro/Nanocarriers for Programmed and On-Demand Controlled Drug Release, edited by Seyed Morteza Naghib. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815051636122010002.
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Localized controlled drug delivery systems (LCDDS) that can control drug release profiles to ensure high therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects are highly desired in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. Biodegradable drug delivery depots have been investigated over the last several decades as the means to improve tumor targeting and severe systemic morbidities associated with intravenous chemotherapy treatments. These localized therapies exist in a variety of factors designed to facilitate the controlled drug delivery, directly to the disease site, sparing off-target tissue toxicities. Many of these depots are biodegradable and designed to maintain therapeutic concentrations of drugs at the tumor site for a prolonged period of time. The depots are placed inside the body through a single implantation procedure, sometimes simultaneously with the tumor excision surgery, following the complete release of the loaded active agent. Even though localized depot delivery systems have been widely investigated, only a small subset have demonstrated curative preclinical results for cancer applications, from which just a few have reached commercialization.
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V. Morozova, Olga, and Dmitry V. Klinov. "Nanosilver in Biomedicine: Advantages and Restrictions." In Silver Micro-Nanoparticles - Properties, Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96331.
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Nanosilver (in a range 1–100 nm) binds with thyol-, amino- and carboxy-groups of aminoacid residues of proteins and nucleic acids, thus providing inactivation of pathogenic multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Besides antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and anti-cancer properties Ag-based nanomaterials possess anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis and antiplatelet features. Drug efficacy depends on their stability, toxicity and host immune response. Citrate coated Ag nanoparticles (NPs) remain stable colloid solutions in deionized water but not in the presence of ions due to replacement of Ag+ by electrolyte ions, potential formation of insoluble AgCl, subsequent catalyzed oxidative corrosion of Ag and further dissolution of surface layer of Ag2O. Protein shells protect core of AgNPs from oxidation, dissolution, aggregation and provide specific interactions with ligands. These nanoconjugates can be used for immunoassays and diagnostics but the sensitivity threshold does not exceed 10 pg Cytotoxicity of AgNPs conjugated with proteins is associated with the rate of intracellular Ag+ release, a ‘Trojan horse’ effect, and exceeds one of Ag+ because of endocytosis uptake of NPs but not ions. Relatively toxic nanosilver causes immunosuppression of the majority of cytokines with a few exceptions (IL-1β, G-CSF, MCP-1) whereas AgNO3 additionally activate TNFα and IL8 gene expression.
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Cliff, A. D., M. R. Smallman-Raynor, P. Haggett, D. F. Stroup, and S. B. Thacker. "Technical Changes: Technology and Industry." In Infectious Diseases: A Geographical Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199244737.003.0015.
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In this chapter, we examine the second of the five overlapping drivers of disease emergence and re-emergence shown in Figure II.1—technology and industry. Technological developments have yielded immeasurable benefits to society. In the field of medicine, for example, improvements in sanitation and hygiene, along with the widespread use of vaccines and antimicrobial drugs, have served to control and prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Likewise, improvements in intensive care, surgical techniques, cancer therapy, and therapies for other conditions have led to prolonged survival and an enhanced quality of life for many millions of people. But negative effects, too, have sometimes resulted from technological developments. Not least, such developments can provide, occasionally unwittingly, supportive environments for the proliferation and spread of pathogenic micro-organisms. Following Breiman (1996), Figure 5.1 identifies several key areas to these developments. The impact of technology on food production, distribution, and processing has had a substantial effect on the spread of infectious diseases, with potential contamination occurring at all stages of production and processing. The centralization of production and the increased international sourcing of foodstuffs has also had an impact on foodborne disease activity. In addition, current methods of storing foods have resulted in the emergence of foodborne pathogens; an example is provided by outbreaks of Listeria monocytogenes. This bacterium has been found in a variety of raw foods, such as uncooked meats and vegetables, as well as in processed foods that become contaminated after processing, such as soft cheeses and cold cuts from delicatessens, in unpasteurized (raw) milk, and in foods made from unpasteurized milk. Listeria thrives in refrigerated environments and, in its presence, widespread contamination of stored refrigerated food products can occur. Legionnaires’ disease is the paradigmatic disease associated with technological innovation, with cooling towers, evaporative condensers, whirlpools, spas, and showers providing temperatures which promote the survival and proliferation of the causative bacterium, Legionella pneumophila. Municipal water systems are efficient conduits for the dissemination of pathogenic micro-organisms. While most water supplies in developed countries are effectively treated in municipal water treatment facilities, the treatment may occasionally be ineffective owing to faulty procedures or the development of resistance of an organism to routine procedures.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "CANCER-ASSOCIATED MICROBE"
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Ternes, Dominik, Martine Schmitz, Léa Grandmougin, et al. "Abstract A09: Understanding the role of colorectal cancer-associated microbes in colorectal cancer." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on the Microbiome, Viruses, and Cancer; February 21-24, 2020; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.mvc2020-a09.
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Attaluri, Anilchandra, Ronghui Ma, and Liang Zhu. "Using MicroCT Imaging to Quantify Heat Generation Distribution Induced by Magnetic Nanoparticles." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19033.
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In the past decade, there have been renewed interests in using magnetic nanoparticles as heating agents when subjected to an alternating magnetic field in cancer treatments. Due to the technical advancement in manufacturing nano-sized magnetic particles, nanoparticle hyperthermia has emerged as an attractive alternative to costly and risky surgical procedures because of its few associated complications and targeted delivery of thermal energy to the tumor.
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Nolte, David, Shadia Jalal, and Ran An. "Twin-Neural-Network Differential Autoencoder and Dynamic-Contrast Optical Coherence Tomography for Cancer Diagnostics." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2022.am5i.6.
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Dynamic-contrast optical coherence tomography (OCT) using en face digital holography senses intracellular dynamics in living tumor tissue. Intracellular motions produce ultra-low-frequency Doppler shifts for speeds down to nanometers per second (10 mHz) and up to microns per second (10 Hz). Cancer drugs applied to human tumor biopsies induce changes in these dynamics and produce specific Doppler signatures of therapeutic efficacy. We have developed a new type of deep neural network that performs as a differential autoencoder with high common-mode rejection that isolates Doppler signatures associated with drug response and patient outcomes. The differential autoencoder is applied to Doppler signals from a clinical trial of esophageal cancer patients.
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Klein, Kevin M., Gregory T. Ostrowicki, Andrew Gerwitz, and Suresh K. Sitaraman. "Micro and Nano Thin Film Devices as Bio-Assays for Cancer Diagnosis." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15581.
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Micro and nano Au/Cr and Al thin film devices have been fabricated using DC sputtering and e-beam evaporation in combination with e-beam and photo lithography. These devices can be coated with specific reagents to detect and measure the presence of particular antigens and/or complementary DNA sequences with a smaller sample size and at much earlier stages of disease progression compared to current medical diagnostic technologies. Using the device material stack (Au/Cr/Si), we have assessed the binding affinity of Au, Cr, and Si with Protein G, and antibodies for Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) and Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125), an ovarian cancer-associated antigen. Based on our experiments, we see that the thin gold layer of the Au/Cr/Si samples, provides increased bio-material binding affinity, and the chromium layer has a similar, if not less, binding affinity compared to the silicon chip alone.
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Sousa, Andrea Alves da Silva de, Rocio Fernandez Santos Viniegra, Francisco Gabriel da Silva Frederico, and Peterson Tiago Galvão. "SYNCHRONOUS BILATERAL CARCINOMA IN SITU: A CASE REPORT." In XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1009.
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Synchronous bilateral breast carcinoma (SBBC) is defined as the simultaneous presence of two primary tumors at diagnosis, one in each breast. It is also considered synchronous when the ipsilateral cancer is diagnosed within 12 months of the first diagnosis. No consensus has been reached on the origin of SBBC, as it can be interpreted as either a metastasis or a new primary tumor, and its prognosis is controversial. As this tumor is rare and requires further investigation, this study aims to report the case of a patient with SBBC with different biological characteristics. A woman, 63 years old, white, was referred to a private clinic in Rio de Janeiro, in June 2021 because her mammography was classified as BI-RADS IV. Menarche at 13 years, gravida 1 para 1. Menopause: 48 years, oral hormone therapy for 5 years. She has two maternal cousins with breast cancer who were diagnosed after the age of 50 years. She receives treatment for depression and denies other diseases. Physical examination: small breasts, no swelling or retraction. Palpation: left breast (LB) was more diffusely dense in the junction of outer quadrants. Negative papillary expression was found on both sides and axillae without suspicious lymph nodes. Mammography — June 2021: LB with amorphous calcifications with a 20 mm length in the 1/3 depth of the left lower quadrant (category IV). Right breast (RB): benign calcifications (category II). Breast ultrasound (June 2021): Category I. LB mammotomy: ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Immunohistochemistry: estrogen receptor positive, progesterone receptor negative, and positive CREB-B2. She underwent stereotactic excision of the LB lesion and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Result: Negative sentinel lymph node, ductal carcinoma “in situ” with comedo, cribriform, micropapillary, and solid patterns; nuclear grade 3; presence of necrosis; and lobular cancerization. Positive superior, inferior, and anterior surgical margins were observed. Extent of margin involvement: moderate. Pathological staging: pT1mi pN0. Given the positive margins in the small volume breast and the extensive intraductal component, the treatment given to the patient was bilateral skin and nipple-sparing mastectomy with prosthesis implantation. Histopathological results of the skin and nipple-sparing mastectomy were as follows: LB: (micro)invasive breast carcinoma of no special type, with four foci of microinvasion. Presence of ductal carcinoma in situ with comedocarcinoma, cribriform, micropapillary, and solid architectural patterns; nuclear grade 3. Surgical margins were free of neoplasia. Nipple-areola complex with a focus on ductal carcinoma in situ, solid pattern, and intermediate-grade lobular cancerization were observed. The surgical margin was free of neoplasia. Pathological classification (AJCC/8aed): pT1mi (m) pN0. RB: ductal carcinoma in situ, cribriform architectural pattern, and nuclear grade 1; absence of necrosis and microcalcifications; and good cosmetic surgical result. Although SBBC is rare (ranges from 0.3% to 12% of breast cancer cases), it must always be remembered and investigated in screening tests and physical examinations, especially in patients at high risk of developing breast cancer, in order to contribute to timely diagnosis and treatment and to improve the woman’s prognosis. In this case, the findings of carcinoma in situ of the LB associated with comedonecrosis, high nuclear grade, HER2 positive, and microinvasions justify the warning for investigating lesions in the contralateral breast. The surgical choice may vary according to the optimal referral for the treatment of each lesion — mastectomy is not mandatory — providing similar survival.