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1
Clayton, Thomas. "French Colonial Education". education policy analysis archives 3 (1.12.1995): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v3n19.1995.
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By 1944, after eight decades of French colonial control, only a small percentage of eligible students in Cambodia attended French schools. Several scholars argue on the basis of such evidence that the French purposefully restricted education for Cambodians in order first to achieve and then to maintain power in the colony. This article examines educational development in Cambodia during the French colonial period and concludes that the lack of Cambodian educational participation stemmed from Cambodian resistance, rather than French planning. French educational reforms sought to understand Cambodian resistance, to overcome it, and to draw Cambodians into schools dedicated to the training of colonial civil servants.
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Akasy, Lach,, i Sookyong Nam. "Comparative Analysis of Primary School Teacher Training Systems in Cambodia and Korea: Insights for Reforms in Cambodia". Korean Comparative Education Society 33, nr 5 (30.11.2023): 151–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20306/kces.2023.33.5.151.
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[Research purpose]This study compares primary school teacher training systems in Cambodia and Korea, aiming to provide insights for future reforms in Cambodia.
[Methodology]Through a literature review, an analysis, and a survey of Cambodian educators, we identify similarities and differences in the development processes of the two systems.
[Results]Cambodia's system resembles Korea's during the 1980s and 1990s, reflecting transitions to four-year university-level training. However, challenges persist in Cambodia's system, with limitations in evaluating candidate’s teaching suitability, curriculum adaptability, and a loose certification and recruitment framework. Survey responses from Cambodian educators express positivity towards the implications drawn from the study.
[Conclusion]The study recommends gradual reforms in Cambodia, emphasizing removing traditional testing and curriculum components and integrating competence-based elements, mirroring Korea's successful trajectory.
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Hoang, Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Huy. "Current Situation of Economic Life of Vietnamese Community in Cambodia: A Survey’s Results". Journal of Economics, Trade and Marketing Management 5, nr 1 (22.03.2023): p49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jetmm.v5n1p49.
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The Vietnamese community in Cambodia is facing a difficult and hard life in all aspects, especially since the Cambodian Government issued and implemented Decree No. 129 in August 2017 on the revocation and cancellation of Cambodian administrative documents that Cambodia deemed abnormal holding and using by foreigners. Accordingly, most Vietnamese people live in Cambodia for a long time, even for five to six generations, have been affected by the confiscation of all documents proving their legal status in Cambodia. As results of the implementation of this Decree, more than 90% of people of Vietnamese origin are considered immigrants, so they hardly enjoy any rights. Because they do not have documents to prove their legal status, people of Vietnamese origin cannot own property and means of production, have difficulty in accessing jobs, and especially their children born in Cambodia cannot go to Cambodian schools.Besides, along with low education level, temporary life, no expertise, no capital and production means, a large percentage of Vietnamese people in Cambodia have extremely difficult lives. Their per capita income is much lower than the Cambodia’s national average. Many of them live in poverty and vulnerability.Based on the results of the survey conducted in Cambodia by the research team, this article examines and evaluates the current economic situation of the Vietnamese community in Cambodia. The findings strongly confirm the above assessment.
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Vu, Hoang Minh. "Between Propaganda and Cao-Mienism". Journal of Vietnamese Studies 15, nr 1 (2020): 49–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2020.15.1.49.
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The generation of soldiers, advisors, politicians, and civilians who participated in Vietnam’s intervention in Cambodia between 1978 and 1989 had diverse, colorful, and powerful experiences. Their impressions and reflections as immortalized in diaries, songs, poems, plays, short stories, and even novels form the core of popular memory of Vietnam’s long involvement in Cambodia, which I term Vietnam’s Cambodian Decade. I argue that all Vietnamese literature on this period exhibits some combination of state propaganda to justify the Vietnamese presence in Cambodia on the one hand, and exoticization of Cambodia and Cambodians on the other. This latter tendency I term “Cao-Mienism,” drawing the connection between Edward W. Said’s critique of Orientalism and the old Vietnamese term for Cambodia, Cao Miên, which carries many outdated connotations of a mystical, uncivilized, violent, and hypersexual other. I divide Vietnamese literature on the Cambodian Decade into four distinct groups, based largely on the chronological order of their publication, but also on the distinct literary characteristics of each group, thereby charting the evolution of Vietnamese views of the Cambodian Decade through the years. My main finding is that Vietnamese literature on the Cambodian Decade started out largely to serve the needs of state propaganda, but has in time shifted decisively to Cao-Mienizing Cambodia. I conclude by warning that both strands of propaganda and Cao-Mienization remain relevant in contemporary Vietnamese literature and can serve to perpetuate and legitimize a hegemonic discourse on Cambodia that is detrimental to bilateral relations.
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Bektimirova, Nadezhda N. "Prospects of Cambodia-USA Relations". South East Asia: Actual problems of Development 1, nr 1(50) (2021): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2021-1-1-50-155-165.
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The article evaluates the prospects of Cambodia-USA relations under President Joe Biden’s administration. The author shows that traditionally relations have been developing unevenly. Over the past decade the shape of bilateral relations has been strongly influenced by a third party – China. Cambodia’s close cooperation with China is viewed negatively by US officials. Since Cambodia’s foreign policy agenda for the next three years is highly likely to be determined by the country’s electoral cycles, Hun Sen has little room for manoeuvre, given the USA’s support of Cambodian opposition parties and harsh criticism of human rights in Cambodia. Under these circumstances Hun Sen feels compelled to increasingly lean towards China.
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Po, Sovinda, i Christopher B. Primiano. "It’s All about the Coalition". European Journal of East Asian Studies 19, nr 2 (4.12.2020): 325–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-01902004.
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Abstract Since its creation in 2013, China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has received ample attention in the media and from government officials and scholars. Many different, and often polarising, views exist on BRI. While some view it as China’s grand strategic goal of remaking the world in its own image, others perceive it as consistent with the international system. Using interviews conducted in Cambodia and an examination of press sources, this article draws from the selectorate theory to examine both why the Cambodian government is siding with China regarding economic ties, specifically regarding BRI, and the impact that is having on popular perception in Cambodia. The small coalition in Cambodia that Hun Sen seeks to placate results in a negative view among a significant segment of the Cambodian populace regarding Cambodia’s relations with China, and Chinese investments in particular.
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Pheakdey, Heng. "Cambodia-China Relations: A Positive-Sum Game?" Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 31, nr 2 (czerwiec 2012): 57–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810341203100203.
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China has re-emerged to become a dominant foreign player in Cambodia. Politically, Cambodia is one of China's oldest and closest allies. Economically, China is Cambodia's top foreign investor, a major donor, and an increasingly important trading partner. Culturally, Chinese values are deeply embedded in many aspects of Cambodian society. However, China's dominance is surrounded by renewed controversies. While the government warmly welcomes Chinese aid, saying that it comes with no strings attached, many experts are concerned that China is providing aid for more nefarious reasons. Critics also accuse Chinese investment and aid of having exacerbated corruption, weakened governance and harmed human rights, and of ruining Cambodia's natural resources and environment. With such controversies, it is relevant and significant to assess the roles that China has played and continues to play in Cambodia's socio-economic development. Using expert interviews, media analysis and an extensive literature review, this paper uniquely contributes to the existing discussion on China–Cambodia relations by closely examining the controversies of China's investment and aid, critically analysing China's interests in Cambodia, and asking if the relationship between the two nations is a positive-sum game.
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CHANTOLA, SAO. "Free Flow of Skilled Labour in the ASEAN Economic Community: Opportunities and Challenges for Cambodia". Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 8 - August 5, nr 8 (26.08.2020): 532–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20aug344.
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The opportunities and challenges for Cambodia from the free flow of skilled labour in the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) has been a topic of heated discussion amongst the general public, learners, researchers, skilled workers, people in charge of skilled labor, as Cambodia prepared to enter the ASEAN Economic Community at the end of 2015. A descriptive statistical analysis in the Statistical Package for the Social Science, version 23.0 shows that there is optimism on the participation of Cambodia in the AEC. Firstly, 81 per cent of respondents supported that free flow of skilled labour as an opportunity for Cambodians to participate in the job market in ASEAN. Secondly, 77 per cent of participants accepted that “Free flow of skilled labour in ASEAN offers opportunities for Cambodians to get well-paid jobs in the region of ASEAN.” Thirdly, 84 per cent of respondents agreed that “free flow of skilled labour in the ASEAN helps inspire local education”. However, there were challenges for Cambodia, indicated by 75 per cent of respondents thinking that the country lacks skilled labour to challenge other ASEAN professionals. 70 per cent of respondents considered the inflow of foreign skilled labour as a threat to local jobs seekers, while 81 per cent of respondents agreed with the statement “the imbalanced agreement implementation on skilled labour in ASEAN is Another barrier in ASEAN’s jobs finding for Cambodian skilled workers,” Toward the solutions to reduce the challenges and to better the opportunities for Cambodians, suggestions have been observed; firstly, 72 participants recommended that education reform, further vocations and trainings for Cambodians should be better improved. Secondly, 23 participants advised that creating more local jobs should be further done and thirdly, 21 participants commented that Cambodian skilled workers should improve their knowledge of the English language, as it is very important in Cambodia, the ASEAN and the world in pursuing their present and future’s studies and works.
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Im, Soksamphoas. "Issues Concerning Ageing Population in Kampot and Takeo Provinces, Cambodia, and the Implications of the Cambodia National Ageing Policy 2017-2030". Research on Ageing and Social Policy 11, nr 1 (31.01.2023): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/rasp.10701.
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This article assesses the issues concerning the ageing population in Takeo province and Kampot province, Cambodia, and the implications of the Cambodia National Ageing Policy (NAP) 2017-2030 in addressing those issues. By interviewing fifty randomly selected participants aged 60 and older, the findings revealed that the NAP 2017-2030 has not positively impacted the elderly population in Cambodia as it promised. The current generation of elderly Cambodians are Khmer Rouge conflict survivors and are financially insecure and rely on their adult children for financial support and caretaking. By closely examining the NAP 2017-2030 action plan, this study found many implications that led to slow progress and ineffectiveness. The paper concludes with a discussion on the significant issues concerning the ageing population in Cambodia today and the need for the Cambodian government to commit to implementing this ageing policy effectively.
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Eskelund, Karsten, Helena Grunfeld i Phal Des. "Exploring the Competitiveness of Cambodia as an IT Outsourcing Destination". Journal of Global Information Management 28, nr 2 (kwiecień 2020): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.2020040102.
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Using assessment criteria from the A.T. Kearney global services location index, the authors explore Cambodia's competitiveness in the global IT outsourcing market (ITO), identifying how the country could become more competitive. The findings are discussed from the perspective of the Heeks and Nicholson software export success model, assessing Cambodia from a national competitiveness perspective. With ITO's export revenue and skills development potential, it is important to understand why Cambodia is not considered a significant ITO destination and what the country can do to increase its competitiveness in this area. This paper is useful for practitioners considering Cambodia as an ITO destination, for the Cambodian government as a guide to policy measures for increasing its competitiveness as well as for IT researchers, who could complement the study with primary data and development the conceptual approaches applied in this article, whether in Cambodia or other developing countries.
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Chanchao, CHEM. "Current status of pesticide practices and management approaches toward the safety and health of Cambodia: A review". Insight: Cambodia Journal of Basic and Applied Research 5, nr 02 (31.12.2023): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.61945/cjbar.2023.5.2.03.
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Pesticides have been one of the most extensively used throughout the world. In low- and middle-income countries, pesticides are extensively used in agriculture. Agriculture is Cambodia’s most important economic sector. Around 80% of the population lives in rural areas and is mainly involved in subsistence farming. Cambodian farmers use synthetic pesticides to protect their agricultural products from pest infestation. The increase in agricultural products and the rapid population growth have led to the rise of farming pesticides, which causes concerns about the negative impact on environmental issues and food security in Cambodia. The routes of exposure, toxicity, and pesticide residues in daily food intake are all ambiguous in Cambodia. The scientific reports available in Cambodia could be more extensive and consistent. Therefore, this report provides an overview of the current status of pesticide practices in Cambodia and relates knowledge of pesticide use among local farmers. The contents described the risk assessment of pesticide contamination based on the Cambodian local market. In the same way, the pesticides that farmers use were considered extremely hazardous, highly hazardous, or moderately hazardous by the World Health Organization. This study also discussed the integrated pesticide use management approach and the future perspectives for pesticide practices in Cambodia. The review’s findings raised serious concerns regarding environmental safety and human health. Although some pesticides have been banned, most local farmers still use them for agriculture. The study strongly recommends that the Royal Government of Cambodia be provided with a concrete public health policy on pesticide management and suitable training on pesticide applications.
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Reed, Karen Simon. "UTILIZATION OF A SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORM TO DEVELOP CONTINUING EDUCATION PROGRAMMING FOR PROMOTING NURSING PRACTICE IN CAMBODIA". Belitung Nursing Journal 5, nr 2 (14.04.2019): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33546/bnj.714.
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Background: Cambodia’s nursing profession and nursing education system continue to progress 40 years after destruction by the Khmer Rouge. The author, who has a relationship with a hospital in southern Cambodia, was asked to teach physical assessment techniques to improve patient care.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of culturally congruent physical assessment media on the knowledge-base of Cambodian nurses.Methods: This article describes two years of an on-going project designed by the author who annually recruits US based BSN nursing students to use the ADDIE model to create and record segments on physical assessment which are posted on a private You Tube channel for the limited English- speaking Cambodian nursing staff. Optional post-tests are administered by the Cambodian hospital’s nursing director.Results: Test results reflect knowledge gained on cardiac, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal physical assessment skills with means ranging from 73.55% to 95.71%. Physical assessment skills until recently were not taught in Cambodia's nursing programs. Cambodia's nursing profession is advancing and a corresponding skill set including conducting physical assessments is necessary. As a majority of the project participants did not have prior exposure to the material, a pre-test was not provided and participation in post-testing was optional. The objective was to provide useful professional educational materials at a comfortable language level for the Cambodian nurses using examples which were cultural relevant.Conclusion: The BSN students successfully developed culturally relevant educational products the Cambodian nurses the nurses found useful.
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Ablin, David A., i Marlowe Hood. "Cambodia: The Ambiguities". Worldview 28, nr 2 (luty 1985): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0084255900046623.
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Since 1970 Cambodia has experienced a coup d'état, civil war, saturation bombing, revolution, genocide, invasion, occupation, and famine. This spring is the tenth anniversary of the Communist revolutions that swept Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos in 1975. For Cambodians, and anyone concerned with that much-punished country, it is an opportunity to reflect—and mourn.No name is more closely tied with Cambodia's postwar history than that of Prince Norodom Sihanouk. Placed on the throne by French colonial authorities in 1941 at the age of nineteen, Sihanouk gained international fame during his Croisade Royale pour l' Independence, which reached fruition with the Geneva Accords of 1954. Abdicating shortly thereafter, Sihanouk formed a political party that swept the first National Assembly elections. He ruled without interruption until 1970.
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Erlingsdóttir, Irma. "La politique de neutralité. L’Histoire terrible mais inachevée de Norodom Sihanouk". Milli mála 10, nr 1 (2018): 35–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/millimala.10.3.
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The article explores Hélène Cixous’s 1985 play The Terrible Unfinished Story of Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia (L´Histoire terrible mais inachevée de Norodom Sihanouk roi du Cambodge) by focusing on Cixous’s portrayal of Sihanouk and her interpretation of Cambodia’s history with references to the country’s civil conflict, the Cold War, and the Vietnam War. The article seeks to historicize the play by placing it within the context of contemporary political works on Cambodian history. As embedded in the play’s metanarrative and its contemporary metaphor of human suffering, special attention is paid to Cambodia’s power struggles, both internationally and within its own borders. The emphasis is on the tension between Cixous’s portrayal of Sihanouk as the paternal protector of Cambodia’s “eternal cultural heritage” and his political compromises with internal (the Khmer Rouge) and external (the United States, China, North Vietnam) actors. From a broader perspective, an additional focus is on the conflict between traditionalism and modernization, imperialism and resistance, and territoriality and exile.
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Nissa, Riska Shoffiyah. "Penguatan Pemahaman Keuangan Syariah bagi Guru dan Siswa di Yayasan An-Nikmah Al-Islamiyah Phnom Penh Kamboja". Journal on Education 5, nr 3 (11.02.2023): 8688–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/joe.v5i3.1662.
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The rapid development of the Islamic economy has attracted the interest of the Cambodian government to develop its halal industry. For this reason, they are trying to attract investors from Muslim-majority countries to enter Cambodia. However, economic observers in Cambodia predict that Cambodia's move will be hampered by a lack of knowledge about the sharia economy. Moreover, the Muslim population in this country is only two percent of the total population. An-Nikmah Al-Islamiyah School is the best and most accomplished Islamic school in Phnom Penh, Cambodia which is located at Desa, Sangkat Chrang Chamreh 1, Khan Russey Keo, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. This school only focuses on Islamic religious teachings such as boarding schools. Many teachers and students at these schools use financial services, both bank and non-bank. However, because the country which is a Muslim minority has not yet implemented an Islamic financial system and understanding of Islamic finance is still relatively low. Their lack of understanding of Islamic finance is the reason for the need to strengthen understanding of Islamic finance through socialization and education of Islamic finance to students of An-Nikmah Al-Islamiyah school, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Zarzecki, Radosław. "Uwarunkowania procesu pojednania w Kambodży". Wschodnioznawstwo 14 (2020): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20827695wsc.20.015.13343.
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Determinants of Reconciliation in Cambodia Forty years after Cambodian genocide the reconciliation is still in early stage. Despite such long time there was almost nothing done, especially in 20th century, to make that process happened. The article discusses the determinants, reasons and factors that had impact on reconciliation. Determinants can be divided into different categories. First of all the socio-historical background. Circumstances in which Khmer Rouge come to power, their revolutionary approach to economy, implemented reforms, use of children, displacements of people and categorization of citizens had great impact on post-1979 Cambodia. Another determinant is a political one. Policy of post-Khmer Rouge Cambodia rulers stunted the reconciliation. There reason of such actions are multidimensional but the most important one is provenance of People’s Republic of Kampuchea leaders. The most important figures in Cambodia politics are ex-Khmer Rouge soldiers, accused by some of taking a part in genocide. What’s even more confusing, the most powerful opposition party in 1980s were perpetrators themselves and their allies. Even after signing Paris Peace Accords in 1991 until early 2000s there was no will to punish Khmer Rouge officials responsible for genocide. The Cambodian culture of silence, the third determinant, only exacerbates a difficult situation. Cambodians rarely speak about atrocities and harsh past because of fear, shame or trauma. Even in school textbooks until 2009 there was almost nothing said about tragic events which happened between 1975 and 1979. History of Democratic Kampuchea still affects the Cambodian society. Despite sentencing few Khmer Rouge officials in 2010s, there’s still lot to be done also on state-level. Reconciliation and coming back to the state of balance is the main challenge for Cambodia in the nearest future, crucially important to social and political life of this nation.
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Ros, Vutha, i Koemhong Sol. "The quest for world-class universities: A goal for Cambodian universities?" Cambodian Journal of Educational Research 1, nr 2 (grudzień 2021): 24–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.62037/cjer.2021.01.02.03.
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World-class university status and university rankings have captured the attention of many countries, including developing countries. While many countries in Asia, such as China, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, and Malaysia, have endeavored to have their universities ranked highly in the league tables, Cambodia seems not to be influenced by this global trend. This article puts the trend toward world-class universities into perspective and examines the factors that make Cambodia’s universities less influenced by the quest for world-class universities experienced by universities in other countries. Considering the historical and present situation of higher education in Cambodia, this article argues that Cambodia is not readily aspired to take part in the catch-up game of building world-class universities. Nevertheless, Cambodian universities will be further marginalized on the regional and global stage if no substantial quality improvement can be achieved.
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Garadian, Endi Aulia. "Jawisasi: Proses Integrasi Muslim Kamboja ke Dunia Melayu". Studia Islamika 28, nr 3 (31.12.2021): 677–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36712/sdi.v28i3.23957.
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Phlilipp Bruckmayr, Cambodia’s Muslims and the Malay World: Malay Language, Jawi Script, and Islamic Factionalism from the 19th Century to the Present, (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2019).This paper reviews a book that discusses Islamization in one of the Muslim minority areas in mainland Southeast Asia, Cambodia. This book offers thought-provoking concept of Islamization in Cambodia, namely “Jawization”. The concept describes how the use of the Jawi language in several areas in Cambodia as a symbol that represents the success of Islamization. In addition, this book is also quite distinctive from the other Islamic history in Southeast Asia scholarly works which generally frames this area as a part of “centre-periphery”. In addition, by emphasizing language aspects including other socio-historical and political factors, Cambodian Muslims are presented in various ways, according to their level of exposure and use of the Jawi language as well as the tradition of writing in Arabic script. Above all, this book brings an important argument that Muslim in Cambodia is also inseparable from the grand narrative of Islamization in the Malay world.
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Salter, Claire, i Weh Yeoh. "Small Steps Towards a Speech Therapy Profession in Cambodia: Lessons Learned So Far". Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 2, nr 17 (styczeń 2017): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp2.sig17.104.
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This paper provides a contemporary overview of speech language pathology services and professional training in Cambodia. The unique national context, including Cambodia's conflict-ridden past, its resource-poor and underdeveloped health sector institutions, and the proliferation of many international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) operating in the country, all serve to make the delivery of speech-language pathology services and establishment of a local speech-language pathology profession challenging and complex. The increasing numbers of international speech-language pathology professionals volunteering their services on a short-term basis in Cambodia is given focus, and the subsequent impact on establishing sustainable local services. We profile the efforts of one NGO, OIC Cambodia, and its “Exit Strategy,” aimed at developing a local speech-language pathology professional infrastructure through local training, a more robust Cambodian government policy framework, establishing local career pathways and professional network, and public awareness raising of speech-language pathology needs and services. The paper concludes that there will be more significant and ongoing benefits for the Cambodian health and education sectors and general population by focussing efforts on establishing a local speech-language pathology profession and institutional presence.
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Muawanah, Umi. "Does Land Conflict Matter to Farm Productivity? A Case Study of Cambodia". Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 15, nr 2 (15.12.2018): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37801/ajad2018.15.2.5.
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Land-related conflicts in Cambodia have been garnering much attention. The Cambodian government, through the Prime Minister, pledged to resolve land-related disputes, as they not only hurt the people but negatively impact on the national development agenda. Land disputes are estimated to involve 200,000 poor Cambodians. The government has been urged by international aid agencies to solve land problems to aid rural development and alleviate poverty. This paper evaluates the determinants of land conflict and its impact on land productivity, and provides recommendations on land governance in Cambodia, using an extensive 2004 nationwide household survey data consisting of 15,000 households in 600 rural and 300 urban villages. In the face of a growing landless population, primarily with loss of ownership by female-headed households, this study finds evidence that suggests other approaches for policymakers in preventing a growing landless population and land conflict prevention. It was also found out that modalities of acquisition are not a dominant cause of land conflict, while posessing land title reduces the probability of getting one's land into dispute. The analysis finds evidence of negative impact of land conflicts on farm productivity. This finding supports the hypothesis of the study and confirms the downward spiral events of conflicts that impact on farm productivity. The most involved in land-related conflicts are agricultural lands, which may signify the community’s risk for low land productivity. The numerous land grabbing incidents in Cambodia may also lead to land conflicts. There is urgent call for the Cambodian government to solve land conflicts or improve land governance not only for agricultural development, but also for Cambodians’ rights over their lands. The impetus of resolving land issues, especially in rural Cambodia, will contribute to more effective poverty reduction efforts.
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Amratisha, Klairung. "Women, Sexuality and Politics in Modern Cambodian Literature: The Case of Soth Polin’s Short Story". MANUSYA 10, nr 4 (2007): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01004006.
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This essay aims to explore the political messages found in the work of Soth Polin, one of Cambodia’s influential writers in the 1970s. Soth’s short story, Sramol Ptī Oey..Khluon Ūn Rahaek [My Dear Husband…My Body Was Torn Apart] illustrates how Cambodia was in a state of physical and moral decay during the Vietnam War as a result of attacks from Vietnamese Communists and American influence over the Cambodian leaders during the Vietnam War. In Soth’s stories, pornographic, philosophical and political elements are artistically interwoven. The author uses women’s bodies and sexuality as both a site of patriarchal control and as a site of negotiation between the female subject and the patriarchal power. The feminised body of Cambodia symbolizes the political oppression of foreign powers and resistance to these powers. Soth’s text shows the continuity of traditional concepts and new creativity in modern Cambodian literature.
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Rattanasengchanh, P. Michael. "The Role of Preah Vihear in Hun Sen's Nationalism Politics, 2008–2013". Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 36, nr 3 (grudzień 2017): 63–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810341703600303.
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From 2003 to 2013, Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen benefitted politically from promoting nationalism through the Preah Vihear dispute between Cambodia and Thailand. In contrast, Thai conservatives had mixed results when they laid claim to Preah Vihear and tried to use the temple to bolster their political positions. When it came to media coverage of the temple and border issue, Thailand's domestic and foreign politics, rather than Cambodia's, dominated the narrative. As a result, both countries engaged in a war of words and several military clashes between 2008 and 2013. Thailand was widely viewed as the instigator and Cambodia as the victim. However, a closer look at Cambodia's reactions to Thailand's provocations reveals an important part of the story. These quarrels and conflicts seemed to arise before major elections in Cambodia. Behind the front lines, Hun Sen used Preah Vihear and a conflict with a historical adversary to build political prestige, nationalism, and anti-Thai sentiments, co-opting it as a part of his political platform. Hun Sen employed the temple and the border dispute in his rhetoric and created public relations events celebrating the government's protection of Cambodia's sovereignty and national prestige. Among other factors, Preah Vihear helped Hun Sen win elections and maintain political power by vilifying Thailand and using nationalism. The temple became a powerful nationalistic symbol.
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Norén-Nilsson, Astrid. "Kem Ley and Cambodian Citizenship Today: Grass-Roots Mobilisation, Electoral Politics and Individuals". Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 38, nr 1 (kwiecień 2019): 77–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1868103419846009.
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Starting with a bang in 2013 and ending silently in 2017, Cambodia experienced a brief democratic momentum that saw people taking to the streets to demand political change. Kem Ley – a political analyst and grass-roots organiser – provided a rallying point that ordinary Cambodians gathered around particularly after his 2016 murder, yet his political legacy remains meagre. The Grassroots Democratic Party that Kem Ley was involved in setting up commands next to no popular allegiance and performed poorly both in local elections in 2017 and national elections 2018. This article seeks to explore an elusive aspect of Cambodia’s democratic momentum: civil society activists moving to engage in electoral politics. It is argued that Cambodian activists have sought to reshape party politics according to civil society logics, but that this has been an ambiguous enterprise with little appeal to a sharply divided electorate.
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Bektimirova, Nadezhda N. "ON THE PARTICULARITIES OF THE SPREAD OF CHISTIANITY IN CAMBODIA IN THE XIX–XXI CENTURY". Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education, nr 4 (30.12.2018): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.044.018.201804.373-383.
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Introduction. This paper analyses the spread of Christianity in Cambodia – a rarely studied issue in Russian and Western oriental studies. Cambodia is a country where Buddhism is the state religion and has traditionally been adopted by the vast majority of its population. An analysis of the activity of Christian missions in Cambodia through a long historical period (XIX–XXIs centuries) allows for a deeper appreciation of the core issues for South East Asian countries in the XXI century, namely religious conversion and religious tolerance. The purpose of the article is to consider the reasons behind the lack of any significant enthusiasm towards Christianity among Cambodia’s population through the XIX–XX centuries as well as the impetus behind the growing conversion to Christianity in the XXIs century. Materials and Methods. The article is based on an analysis of the memoirs of French travelers and Christian missionaries of the XIX century as well as documents of the Ministry of Cults and Religion of Cambodia and the Cambodian press. The author uses both general scientific and special-historical methods: dialectical, comparative-historical and chronological. Results. The author shows that during the colonial period French Christian missionaries accepted the extreme unwillingness of the native population to convert to Christianity. At the time this could be explained by the prevalence of deeply held Buddhist ideas and traditions. By the end of the XX century Christianity began to attract a segment of the Khmer population, due to a whole host of pragmatic and ideological reasons. Given growing activities of various Christian organizations in Cambodia their influence is highly likely to increase over time. Conclusions. The analysis of the situation in Cambodia demonstrates that overall, the process of conversion to Christianity is unlikely to trigger a considerable change in the field of religion, especially considering that Buddhism still enjoys widespread state support. The vast majority of the Cambodian population shows a high degree of tolerance towards other religious confessions. Thus, the growth of Christian organizations has not so far led to a rise in negative attitudes. Keywords: Cambodia, Buddhism, Christianity, religious conversion, propaganda of Christianity, Christian missions, religious tolerance.
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Tatara, Beny Abukhaer, Titis Margiyati i Fauzia Gustarina Cempaka Timur. "Ancaman Terorisme dan Strategi Penanganannya: Studi Pustaka Strategi Kontra-Terorisme di Kamboja". JSHP : Jurnal Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan 7, nr 1 (31.01.2023): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32487/jshp.v7i1.1638.
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Various counter-terrorism efforts have been carried out by the Cambodian government, resulting in Cambodia being ranked 135th on the Global Terrorism Index as a country affected by terrorist action with a score of 0.00, meaning there are no more threats or acts of terrorism in Cambodia. This research aims to analyze the counter-terrorism efforts that have been carried out by the Government of Cambodia. This research uses a qualitative research method with a literature study approach. The results of the research show that in Cambodia, there are 7 (seven) terrorist groups, both domestic and foreign, namely: the Khmer Rouge; Cambodian Freedom Fighters /CFF; Khmer Front Movement; the Khmer National Unity Front / KNUF; Khmer National Liberation Front / KNLF; Empire Movement, and the Jemaah Islamiah / JI through the Om Al Qura Foundation. The strategy taken by the Government of Cambodia to address terrorism includes: the formation of counter-terrorism laws, the formation of special counter-terrorism forces and closing access to terrorism financing. In addition, at the ASEAN regional level, the Cambodian government has established cooperation with ASEAN countries in addressing terrorism through information exchange, joint training, and extradition. Meanwhile, at the international level, Cambodia also cooperates in counter-terrorism with the United States and Australia.
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SWIFT, PETER, i ANDREW COCK. "Traditional Khmer Systems of Forest Management". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 25, nr 1 (2.10.2014): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135618631400039x.
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AbstractAid donors, civil society groups and the Cambodian government have tended to focus their policy initiatives concerned with communities and their forests on Cambodia's indigenous minorities. Few attempts have been made to document the relationship between ethnic Khmers and forests. However, with almost three quarters of Cambodia covered with forests until quite recently, and a large proportion of the Khmer population living in proximity to forests, it is not surprising that Cambodia's dominant ethnic group has had a close and meaningful relationship with forests. In this article, we examine the traditional systems of forest management of Khmer social groups and how these systems are changing. We argue that traditional Khmer systems of forest management are still relevant in the context of the rapid changes that have occurred in rural Cambodia over the past two decades. These systems shape how Khmer groups make sense of the natural world and claim rights of tenure over forest areas. They continue to play a vital role in preserving Cambodia's natural forests in the face of deforestation driven by plantation schemes and logging operations.
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Burova, E. S., i V. M. Mazyrin. "Trade and Investment Cooperation Between Cambodia and Vietnam: Visible Progress and Hidden Issues". Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), nr 11 (30.11.2023): 776–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2311-02.
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For a long time, geographically close countries were economically isolated from each other due to political factors, neglecting the obvious advantages of mutual cooperation. However, over the past two decades, the economic component has become the cornerstone of bilateral relations. Cooperation between Cambodia and Vietnam is developing dynamically and has a positive impact on the development of the economies of both countries. An increase in bilateral trade helps not only to meet the needs of the population and expand the sales market for products, but also to strengthen the export potential of Cambodia and Vietnam on the world market, what is more the latter at the expense of the former. There has also been an increase in intra-industry trade in recent years, indicating the beginning of vertical integration, taking into account identified comparative advantages. An important role is also played by Vietnam’s implementation of investment projects that fill empty niches, create the necessary infrastructure, make a significant contribution to socio-economic development, social security, stimulate the growth of budget revenues, and also create jobs in Cambodia. Vietnam has emerged as one of Cambodia’s most important trade and investment partners, increasing its presence in the neighboring market and playing an important role in the country’s development. Cambodia’s economy is booming, thanks in large part to developments in Vietnam’s (and, of course, China’s) sphere of influence. This confirms the theory of the benefits of flying “with a flock of geese.” Vietnam is historically and mentally inclined to help Cambodia through this influence, and apparently does not represent another model of relations. At the same time, there are also negative aspects of cooperation, such as inequality of trade and investment flows, Cambodia’s growing economic dependence on its neighbor, and weak integration. The study of the main aspects of Vietnam’s economic influence on Cambodia has become increasingly relevant in recent years. At the same time, the issue of Cambodian-Vietnamese trade and investment interaction has been poorly studied.
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Oda, Dr Hussein Abd Al Kadhum. "French presence and its impact on the emergence of Cambodian nationalism (1920-1937)". Thi Qar Arts Journal 2, nr 37 (26.03.2022): 243–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v2i37.296.
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This paper examines the French presence and its effect on the emergence of Cambodian nationalism (1920-1937). There were serious measures on the part of the French to change the general conditions in the Cambodian kingdom for the better, but because the French continued their repressive methods against the Cambodians that gave rise to nationalist feelings against them. The turmoil of political and economic conditions during the years (1927-1935) helped the emergence of the Hindu Communist Party during the year 1930 in Indochina. The establishment of the Nagravata newspaper and its impact on Cambodian society (1936-1937) was not against the French presence in Cambodia but on the contrary, the other Cambodian newspaper and publications were promoting that the Cambodians (Khmer) viewed the French as protectors against their neighbors, and that the main enemy was the Vietnamese, but at The establishment of the Cambodian Youth League began to demand Cambodian rights from French colonialism.
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Hall, John. "In the Shadow of the Khmer Rouge Tribunal: The Domestic Trials of Nuon Paet, Chhouk Rin and Sam Bith, and the Search for Judicial Legitimacy in Cambodia". Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 5, nr 3 (2006): 409–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180306778938700.
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AbstractIn 1994, Khmer Rouge guerrillas attacked a train in Kampot province, Cambodia, taking hostage three young Western backpackers. Two months later, after negotiations for their release collapsed, the three were murdered. Australian, British, and French government representatives exerted considerable diplomatic pressure on the Cambodian government, demanding that those responsible for the kidnapping and murders be brought to justice. In response, three former Khmer Rouge commanders, Chhouk Rin, Nuon Paet and Sam Bith, were arrested, and in a series of trials that lasted from 1999 until 2006, were convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment by Cambodian domestic courts.Crucially, these trials took place in the middle of difficult negotiations between Cambodia and the United Nations over the scope and nature of the proposed Khmer Rouge tribunal. A key point of disagreement was over the proper role in the tribunal for Cambodia's notoriously inefficient, corrupt and government-dominated judiciary. For that reason, the trials became a closely watched test of the Cambodian legal system, and took on a symbolic weight unusual for domestic trials. Dismissed by some observers as mere show trials aimed at legitimizing Prime Minister Hun Sen on the international stage, the trials nevertheless marked a significant step forward in the development of a functioning – albeit seriously flawed – judiciary.This article is the first to examine these highly significant cases. The Paet, Bith and Rin trials demonstrate the ability of Cambodian judges to convict Khmer Rouge members brought before them; what remains less clear is whether the Cambodian judicial appointees to the tribunal will be capable of meeting internationally recognized standards of justice. Perhaps, if permitted by their government to do so, they will grow to meet this historic challenge. If they do not, then the trials of Paet, Bith and Rin, may prove to be the high watermark in the search for judicial legitimacy in Cambodia.
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Thorn Navy i Serey Mardy. "A Review on Industrial Banana Production in Cambodia". International Journal of Sustainable Applied Sciences 1, nr 6 (28.12.2023): 783–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.59890/ijsas.v1i6.922.
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The most common banana cultivars grown in Cambodia are Namva, Pong Mone, Ambong Meas, Ambong Kheiv, Ambong Loeug, and Slabmuk. Cambodia bananas were exported to China for the first time, becoming the first Cambodian fruit shipped to China. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries of Cambodia reports that in the first half of 2022, the country exported 218,000 tons of fresh bananas, all of which were sold to China. Fresh bananas have emerged as Cambodia's greatest agricultural export, with an expected yearly export amounting to 500,000 tons. This review paper's goal is to compile the literature on banana production in Cambodia. Growing and taking care of the banana plant is simple. However, it also has some diseases and insects that harm its leaves and stems. The most prevalent diseases that may cause issues during the wet season are circular, depressed areas, and dry reddish brown. Banana growers should focus on standardization, technologies suitable for various cultivation systems, high-yield variety selection, planting healthy, disease-free, planting material, selecting the proper planting density, timely and need-based input application, and irrigation water should be the main priorities for banana growers, and to bridge the gap between yield and potential yield per unit area nutrients, weed control, etc., are important.
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Samin, Saproni Muhammad, Zulkifli Rusby i Tengku Muhammad Dafa Dakhilullah. "SOCIALIZATION OF FAST ARABIC READING METHODS FOR SANTRI AN-NIKMAH INSTITUTE HICIRAC IN CAMBODIA". International Journal of Modern Education 5, nr 19 (14.12.2023): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijmoe.519009.
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Cambodian Muslims experienced depopulation After the Civil War when the Red Army led the Government. Along the way, with the permission of Allah SWT, Muslims are now starting to develop themselves and their religion. Of the eight hundred thousand Muslims, in 2020, the millennial generation will dominate. The Cambodian Muslim community needs assistance from fellow ASEAN countries, such as Indonesia, to develop Islamic educational institutions. Even though they are a minority, they enjoy the freedom of worship, built mosques, prayer rooms and Islamic Schools, and even formed an institution specifically for Muslims called HICIRAC (Highest Council for Islamic Affairs Cambodia). The new millennial generations who dominate Cambodia's Islamic society are their hope for a glorious future and the glory of Islam; they will be a milestone in the development of Islam in Cambodia, so they need to be provided with fast learning methods and speedy learning to read the Holy Qoran. They were educated at the An-Nikmah Institute, a superior and flagship Islamic Education Institution owned by HICIRAC. The socialization of the Saminyyah method is a small effort dedicated to enriching various ways of Al-Quran and Islamic education for the Cambodian Muslim community.
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Holliday, Jenna K. "Turning the Table on the Exploitative Recruitment of Migrant Workers: The Cambodian Experience". Asian Journal of Social Science 40, nr 4 (2012): 464–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-12341249.
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Abstract In 2009, regular labour migration from Cambodia to Malaysia grew at a rapid rate. As the result of a ban imposed by Indonesia, Cambodia’s private sector responded by immediately recruiting to fill the void. The number of women recruited, trained and sent to Malaysia was too high for the Cambodian Government to keep track of and by 2010 reports of underage recruitment, debt bondage and abuse in training centres were growing. Unable to control the recruitment agencies and with growing numbers of reports of abuse in Malaysia, Cambodia banned the sending of domestic workers to Malaysia in 2011. Since this ban, the government has been working to strengthen the system of labour migration management. The changes under way do little, however, to address the specific problems that existed before the ban. In addition, in developing initiatives that are restricted to the establishment of an agreement with Malaysia, increasing regulation and improving conditions in training centres, Cambodia is missing an opportunity to establish a comprehensive and self-sustainable system of protection, welfare and support for migrant workers. Cambodia has a unique opportunity to set up enduring systems that can regulate recruiters and protect migrants as the sector expands to other countries and other industries. In not taking full advantage of this opportunity, there is a real chance that this ban will not be the last.
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Liv, S., I. V. Tregub i А. S. Fedyunin. "Topical issues of the formation of an effective economic and social policy in Cambodia". Management Sciences 14, nr 1 (15.05.2024): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2404-022x-2024-14-1-44-57.
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Cambodia, currently classified as a lower-middle-income developing country, aspires to reach upper-middle-income status by 2030. To achieve this ambitious goal, the Cambodian government has embraced an open market economic system and prioritized attracting foreign investments as well as encouraging final consumption expenditure (FCE) and stimulating the level of industries, including construction. This study aims to find out the influences of the fluctuations of foreign direct investment (FDI), FCE, and industry (including construction) (IIC) on gross domestic product (GDP) growth in Cambodia and to identify the key factors that can increase FDI, FCE, and IIC growth. The study employs descriptive and correlational analysis, mainly focusing on statistical analyses by constructing an econometric model. The results indicate that Cambodia’s GDP is directly and positively impacted by the FDI, FCE, and IIC, according to the analysis of the specification of the econometric model using a linear mathematical equation. The study concludes that the Cambodian government’s attention to strategic policies and initiatives in promoting FDI, FCE, and IIC, ultimately leading to a higher overall economic growth rate, is crucial. Factors such as political stability and governance, regulation and legal framework, infrastructure, human capital development, market access, publicprivate partnership, fiscal policy, and social protection should be at the forefront of the Cambodian GDP development roadmap.
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Amer, Ramses. "Cambodia's Ethnic Vietnamese: Minority Rights and Domestic Politics". Asian Journal of Social Science 34, nr 3 (2006): 388–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853106778048632.
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AbstractThe study's main aim is to analyse the situation of the ethnic Vietnamese in Cambodia. Anti-Vietnamese sentiments have been regularly displayed by the Cambodian elite and in the policies of the Cambodian authorities, the roots and effects of these attitudes are explored. The anti-Vietnamese discourse in Cambodia shows that the perceptions of Vietnam as a state, influence the attitudes towards the Vietnamese minority. Discriminatory policies implemented by the Cambodian authorities and attacks instigated by such policies led to the virtual elimination of the Vietnamese minority in the 1970s, when some 420,000 Vietnamese were expelled or fled to Vietnam. In the 1980s ethnic Vietnamese returned to Cambodia while in the 1990s, politically motivated attacks on ethnic Vietnamese were carried out on a number of occasions. These attacks posed a real threat to the Vietnamese community at large.
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Baksa, Daniel, Ales Bulir i Dyna Heng. "A Simple Macro-Fiscal Model for Policy Analysis: An Application to Cambodia". Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research 9, nr 1 (28.02.2022): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/ajeer.v9i1.3733.
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usiness cycle, Fiscal policy, Cambodia, Forecasting, Simulation, Debt management. Macroeconomic management in many developing countries is often heavily dependent on fiscal policies. This paper develops a semi-structural macro-fiscal model for simulating and forecasting macroeconomic policies in Cambodia. The model is calibrated to capture key characteristics of Cambodia’s economy and serves as a tool for scenario analysis. We demonstrate its application with an illustrative scenario of the macroeconomic effects of the Covid-19 pandemic. The model’s results conform with past empirical analyses of the Cambodian economy and generate intuitive and easy-to-understand policy scenarios. Complemented with near-term forecasting tools and expert judgment, the dynamics of the model help to inform policymakers about medium-term transmission channels and thus guide policy advice. In particular, the results could serve as an input for the country’s medium-term fiscal framework and debt sustainability analysis.
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Roberts, David W. "Peace, Power and Resistance in Cambodia: Global Governance and the Failure of International Conflict Resolution. By Pierre P. Lizee. New York: St. Martin's, 2000. 206p. $65.00." American Political Science Review 96, nr 1 (marzec 2002): 269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055402414347.
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This work discusses conflict resolution in the Western paradigm and Cambodia's recent experience of that. Lizee makes a notable contribution to our understanding of the management of transitions from conflict to peace in this sophisticated piece of analysis. The work revolves around the general hypothesis that the failure of the Cambodian peace process is attributable almost entirely to the inappropriate character of the Western-determined peace process. The book starts by comparing the evolution of conflict management processes in the West and in Cambodia; Lizee makes the differences quite clear, and this part of his work is very strong as an indicator of the evolution of socioinstitutional mores in Cambodia (especially pp. 39–43). He argues that a critical tension accounts for the failure of the Paris Peace Agreement (PPA). This is to be found in the Khmer approaches to social harmony through balance-of-power equations and Buddhist values.
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Astin, Lila Afifa. "Perempuan dan Lingkungan : Keterlibatan Perempuan Kamboja dalam Program UN- REDD+ Periode 2008-2019". Jurnal Hubungan Internasional 13, nr 2 (28.11.2020): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jhi.v13i2.21294.
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Cambodia is a country with the third-highest rate of deforestation in theworld. In 2016, for example, Cambodia lost 28,612 square kilometersof green forest and 87,424 square kilometers of permanent forest. Thislarge number of deforestations, in the end, raises national problems, bothpolitical, economic, and social. The shifting role of women, especiallyCambodian women who depend on forest resources, is one of the effectsof the environmental degradation that happened in the country. If womencould always depend on nature in the past, now women have to worktwice as much to meet their needs. Efforts to reduce global environmentalproblems in the United Nations Reducing Emissions for Deforestationand Degradation (UN-REDD+) program in 2008 have become a breathof fresh air for Cambodia’s environmental problems. In this article, theauthor describes the role of Cambodian women’s involvement in the UNREDD+ program in 2008-2019 to address environmental and climatechange that occurred in the country.
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Croissant, Aurel. "Cambodia in 2017". Asian Survey 58, nr 1 (styczeń 2018): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2018.58.1.194.
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After local elections in 2017, the Cambodian People’s Party intensified its attacks on free media, NGOs, and the Cambodian National Rescue Party. Meanwhile, stronger links to China and waning Western leverage are enabling Prime Minister Hun Sen to transform the post-1993 multiparty system into a patrimonial dictatorship. Cambodia enjoyed strong economic growth but saw little improvement in its weak institutional framework, in social justice, or in economic competitiveness.
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Badaracco, Julie, Skultip (Dzhill) Sirikantraporn, Grant J. Rich, Julii Green i Matthew C. Porter. "Posttraumatic Growth in Cambodia: A Mixed Methods Study". RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics 17, nr 4 (15.12.2020): 604–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1683-2020-17-4-604-623.
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The majority of psychological research has focused heavily on the negative outcomes of trauma and tends to ignore the positive outcomes of experiencing traumatic events. Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is a concept that stems from positive psychology and was originally developed by R.G. Tedeschi and L.G. Calhoun (2004). PTG is the process of growth after trauma and has been divided into five domains: greater appreciation for life, more intimate relationships, personal strength, recognition of new possibilities, and spiritual development. This mixed methods study utilizes archival data collected in 2015-2016 at the American University of Phnom Penh to examine the experience of growth after trauma that 70 Cambodian participants faced from a quantitative and qualitative perspective. Quantitative analysis determined that the Adult Resilience Measure (ARM) and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) were considered internally reliable and valid measures when used with Cambodians. It was determined that the number of traumatic events one experiences does not influence ones ability to experience PTG or resiliency and the concepts of PTG and resiliency are correlated. The qualitative analysis utilized grounded theory to develop a theory of PTG within Cambodia. These results indicated that Cambodians experience PTG in four core categories including: personal strength, relational strength, avenues of growth and religion/spirituality. The quantitative and qualitative results illustrate that Cambodians experience PTG in a similar manner when compared to the original PTG theory. However, there are cultural nuances that must be taken into account when exploring PTG within the Cambodian population.
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Ear, Sophal. "Avian influenza: The political economy of disease control in Cambodia". Politics and the Life Sciences 30, nr 02 (2011): 2–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400014015.
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In the wake of avian flu outbreaks in 2004, Cambodia received $45 million in commitments from international donors to help combat the spread of animal and human influenza, particularly avian influenza (H5N1). How countries leverage foreign aid to address the specific needs of donors and the endemic needs of the nation is a complex and nuanced issue throughout the developing world. Cambodia is a particularly compelling study in pandemic preparedness and the management of avian influenza because of its multilayered network of competing local, national, and global needs, and because the level of aid in Cambodia represents approximately $2.65 million per human case—a disproportionately high number when compared with neighbors Vietnam and Indonesia. This paper examines how the Cambodian government has made use of animal and human influenza funds to protect (or fail to protect) its citizens and the global community. It asks how effective donor and government responses were to combating avian influenza in Cambodia, and what improvements could be made at the local and international level to help prepare for and respond to future outbreaks. Based on original interviews, a field survey of policy stakeholders, and detailed examination of Cambodia's health infrastructure and policies, the findings illustrate that while pandemic preparedness has shown improvements since 2004, new outbreaks and human fatalities accelerated in 2011, and more work needs to be done to align the specific goals of funders with the endemic needs of developing nations.
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Ear, Sophal. "Avian influenza: The political economy of disease control in Cambodia". Politics and the Life Sciences 30, nr 2 (2011): 2–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2990/30_2_2.
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In the wake of avian flu outbreaks in 2004, Cambodia received $45 million in commitments from international donors to help combat the spread of animal and human influenza, particularly avian influenza (H5N1). How countries leverage foreign aid to address the specific needs of donors and the endemic needs of the nation is a complex and nuanced issue throughout the developing world. Cambodia is a particularly compelling study in pandemic preparedness and the management of avian influenza because of its multilayered network of competing local, national, and global needs, and because the level of aid in Cambodia represents approximately $2.65 million per human case—a disproportionately high number when compared with neighbors Vietnam and Indonesia. This paper examines how the Cambodian government has made use of animal and human influenza funds to protect (or fail to protect) its citizens and the global community. It asks how effective donor and government responses were to combating avian influenza in Cambodia, and what improvements could be made at the local and international level to help prepare for and respond to future outbreaks. Based on original interviews, a field survey of policy stakeholders, and detailed examination of Cambodia's health infrastructure and policies, the findings illustrate that while pandemic preparedness has shown improvements since 2004, new outbreaks and human fatalities accelerated in 2011, and more work needs to be done to align the specific goals of funders with the endemic needs of developing nations.
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Maquart, Pierre-Olivier, Didier Fontenille, Nil Rahola, Sony Yean i Sébastien Boyer. "Checklist of the mosquito fauna (Diptera, Culicidae) of Cambodia". Parasite 28 (2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2021056.
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Between 2016 and 2020, the Medical and Veterinary Entomology unit of the Institut Pasteur du Cambodge collected over 230,000 mosquitoes. Based on this sampling effort, a checklist of 290 mosquito species in Cambodia is presented. This is the first attempt to list the Culicidae fauna of the country. We report 49 species for the first time in Cambodia. The 290 species belong to 20 genera: Aedeomyia (1 sp.), Aedes (55 spp.), Anopheles (53 spp.), Armigeres (26 spp.), Coquillettidia (3 spp.), Culex (57 spp.), Culiseta (1 sp.), Ficalbia (1 sp.), Heizmannia (10 spp.), Hodgesia (3 spp.), Lutzia (3 spp.), Malaya (2 spp.), Mansonia (5 spp.), Mimomyia (7 spp.), Orthopodomyia (3 spp.), Topomyia (4 spp.), Toxorhynchites (4 spp.), Tripteroides (6 spp.), Uranotaenia (27 spp.), and Verrallina (19 spp.). The Cambodian Culicidae fauna is discussed in its Southeast Asian context. Forty-three species are reported to be of medical importance, and are involved in the transmission of pathogens.
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Chandler, David. "Will There Be a Trial for the Khmer Rouge?" Ethics & International Affairs 14 (marzec 2000): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2000.tb00054.x.
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The scale of what happened under the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia between 1975 and 1979 is difficult to deal with (over one million Cambodians lost their lives), but efforts are now underway to bring at least some of the surviving leaders of the regime to justice. This essay explores the reasons for delay of the trials, citing:The absence of international precedents prior to the 1990s;The show trial of two Khmer Rouge leaders in 1979; andThe obstacles to a trial arising from geopolitical considerations in the 1980s (in which some powers now calling for a trial, including the United States, were effectively allied with the Khmer Rouge against the Vietnamese-imposed regime in Phnom Penh).In the 1990s, following the Paris Peace Accords and the brief UN protectorate over Cambodia, demands for a trial came from overseas and from Cambodian human rights groups. The Cambodian regime considered the show trials of 1979 sufficient, however, and in 1998 Cambodian prime minister Hun Sen urged his compatriots to “dig a hole and bury the past.” Eager to regain foreign support for his regime after several brutal incidents in which political opponents were killed, Hun Sen has more recently agreed to limited international participation in a trial. A procedure targeting a few Khmer Rouge leaders seems likely in 2000, but Cambodian government control of the proceedings means that nothing like a truth commission or a wide-ranging inquiry will result.
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Stevens, Christine A. "The Illusion of Social Inclusion: Cambodian Youth in South Australia". Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 4, nr 1 (marzec 1995): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.4.1.59.
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As a result of the turmoil in Cambodia during the 1970s, traditional Cambodian society was fundamentally altered: Cambodians were uprooted, and after the Vietnamese invasion in 1978, thousands fled to camps on the Thai-Cambodian border, where many sought and were selected for resettlement in other countries. Approximately 12,000 Cambodians were accepted for resettlement in Australia as refugees in the period 1975-85, with approximately 2,500 settling in South Australia. The emigrants to South Australia were youthful, with 51% of all arrivals in the period 1979-85 aged 19 years or less (Stevens). Since this period when refugees first arrived in Australia from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, the social adaptation of refugee youth has been little researched. Generally, young people have been but one of the age groups included in large-scale surveys or in-depth studies, such as those by Wendy Poussard, Nancy Viviani, and others, that focused on the early stages of resettlement. The research that has focused on refugee youth has concentrated on educational achievement (Spearritt and Colman; Kelly and Bennoun; Chan; Mundy) or mental health status and adjustment (Krupinski and Burrows). At a time of ongoing debate about the size and nature of the immigrant intake, and concern that the resulting cultural diversity may foster ethnic conflicts and endanger social cohesion, this lack of research on the social aspects of the settlement process young refugees from Southeast Asia undertake is a significant omission.
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Lin, Wen-Pin. "Cambodia’s Policy towards the Cambodia-Chinese since wwii". Translocal Chinese: East Asian Perspectives 14, nr 2 (6.01.2021): 158–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24522015-14020003.
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Abstract Although anti-Chinese riots are rare in Cambodia, the ethnic Chinese in Cambodia during the Khmer Rouge era experienced some of the most severe repression in the world. The situation had improved by the 1990s, following the Hun Sen government’s abolishment of discriminatory policies towards them. The positive opinion of the Cambodian-Chinese was given another boost when Chinese capital flooded into the country. Keeping a low profile in politics and contributing to the national economy through their businesses have been the ways in which the ethnic Chinese survived in Cambodia. This does not mean that they have had no interest in politics; rather, they have preferred to engage with it through patron-client relationships with ruling politicians through their businesses. However, as the main stakeholders of the Cambodian political economy and the main pipeline through which Chinese capital flows, the Cambodian-Chinese would be in the firing line should Chinese investment not work out in the long-term.
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Lin, Wen-Pin. "Cambodia’s Policy towards the Cambodia-Chinese since wwii". Translocal Chinese: East Asian Perspectives 14, nr 2 (6.01.2021): 158–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24522015-14020003.
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Abstract Although anti-Chinese riots are rare in Cambodia, the ethnic Chinese in Cambodia during the Khmer Rouge era experienced some of the most severe repression in the world. The situation had improved by the 1990s, following the Hun Sen government’s abolishment of discriminatory policies towards them. The positive opinion of the Cambodian-Chinese was given another boost when Chinese capital flooded into the country. Keeping a low profile in politics and contributing to the national economy through their businesses have been the ways in which the ethnic Chinese survived in Cambodia. This does not mean that they have had no interest in politics; rather, they have preferred to engage with it through patron-client relationships with ruling politicians through their businesses. However, as the main stakeholders of the Cambodian political economy and the main pipeline through which Chinese capital flows, the Cambodian-Chinese would be in the firing line should Chinese investment not work out in the long-term.
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O’Neill, Daniel C. "Cambodia in 2016". Asian Survey 57, nr 1 (styczeń 2017): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2017.57.1.180.
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The conflict between Prime Minister Hun Sen’s Cambodian People’s Party and opposition leader Sam Rainsy’s Cambodian National Rescue Party continued throughout 2016, with Rainsy remaining in self-imposed exile in France and the government making numerous arrests of opponents who remained in Cambodia. With the 2018 National Assembly elections on the horizon, Hun Sen appeared to be cracking down on and dividing the opposition in an effort to prevent a repeat of the strong CNRP electoral performance in 2013.
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McCaffrie, Caitlin. "An educational legacy: Exploring the links between education and resilience at the ECCC". Leiden Journal of International Law 33, nr 4 (4.09.2020): 975–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156520000424.
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AbstractAbout half a million Cambodians have attended hearings or outreach activities about the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) since public hearings began in 2009. Countless more have watched the trials unfold on television, and increasingly on social media. To date, the majority of conversations around the legacy of the ECCC have come from international scholars focusing on the legal impact the trials may have. This article instead presents the often-missing views of Cambodian youth about the Tribunal. It also, more broadly, explores the ECCC’s impact on education and young people’s understanding of history. Based on research carried out with university students, this article argues that the contribution of the ECCC to education has often been overlooked and is in fact one of its most significant legacies. In Cambodia, government and non-government organizations, as well as academic institutions, have the unique opportunity to incorporate testimony, footage, and documents from the ECCC into their programmes, greatly adding to the existing repertoire of Khmer-language resources dealing with the past. The result is a more well-rounded programme of transitional justice and reconciliation than the court alone could have provided, and certainly a higher level of external resilience than would have occurred had the court been located outside of Cambodia.
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Sok, Sarin, i Kimkong Heng. "Research on teacher education and implications for improving the quality of teacher education in Cambodia". International Journal of Professional Development, Learners and Learning 6, nr 1 (1.01.2024): ep2401. http://dx.doi.org/10.30935/ijpdll/14042.
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This article aims to provide a review of important findings from previous research on teacher education and the quality of teaching to offer the way forward for improving the quality of teacher education in Cambodia. The article begins by highlighting key findings from several studies on teacher education before examining the quality teaching model (QTM) developed by Australian researchers. The article then discusses key factors influencing teacher quality and teaching quality. It also discusses major issues concerning teacher education in Cambodia and offers suggestions for improving teacher education quality in the Cambodian context. The article argues that significant efforts are required to enhance teacher education in Cambodia. In particular, QTM may be worth considering in refining the quality of teacher preparation, teaching quality, and educational reform in the Cambodian teacher education context.
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Heng, Kimkong, i Koemhong Sol. "Research development in Cambodia: Key challenges and recommendations". Cambodian Journal of Educational Research 2, nr 2 (grudzień 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.62037/cjer.2022.02.02.01.
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Welcome to Volume 2 and Issue 2 of the Cambodian Journal of Educational Research (CJER). In this editorial, we discuss the importance of research, challenges to research development in a general context and in Cambodia, and recommendations to promote research in Cambodia. We then provide an overview of the articles included in this issue.