Artykuły w czasopismach: „Cadmium”

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Arruebarrena, Madelyn A., Calvin T. Hawe, Young Min Lee i Rachel C. Branco. "Mechanisms of Cadmium Neurotoxicity". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, nr 23 (21.11.2023): 16558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316558.

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Cadmium is a heavy metal that increasingly contaminates food and drink products. Once ingested, cadmium exerts toxic effects that pose a significant threat to human health. The nervous system is particularly vulnerable to prolonged, low-dose cadmium exposure. This review article provides an overview of cadmium’s primary mechanisms of neurotoxicity. Cadmium gains entry into the nervous system via zinc and calcium transporters, altering the homeostasis for these metal ions. Once within the nervous system, cadmium disrupts mitochondrial respiration by decreasing ATP synthesis and increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. Cadmium also impairs normal neurotransmission by increasing neurotransmitter release asynchronicity and disrupting neurotransmitter signaling proteins. Cadmium furthermore impairs the blood–brain barrier and alters the regulation of glycogen metabolism. Together, these mechanisms represent multiple sites of biochemical perturbation that result in cumulative nervous system damage which can increase the risk for neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding the way by which cadmium exerts its effects is critical for developing effective treatment and prevention strategies against cadmium-induced neurotoxic insult.

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Rakhymgozhina, Agilan, Saule Atabayeva, Sabina Shoinbekova, Saltanat Asrandina i Gulina Doktyrbay. "Effect of plant growth regulators on rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) growth under cadmium stress". BIO Web of Conferences 100 (2024): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410002001.

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In numerous developing countries, including Kazakhstan, the issue of soil contamination with cadmium is prominent due to the expansion of the mining and metallurgical sectors. A significant contributor to cadmium pollution in soil is the widespread application of phosphorus-based fertilizers and pesticides that contain cadmium. Even trace amounts of cadmium, accumulating in the soil, can decrease crop yields, impede plant growth, and disrupt various physiological and biochemical processes. Consequently, this study aimed to identify cadmium-resistant rice varieties and explore methods to mitigate cadmium toxicity using growth regulators. The investigation examined the effects of growth-stimulating substances, such as “Epin-Extra” (an epibrassinolide alcohol solution), “Cyrcon” (a hydroxycinnamic acid solution), and “Beres-4 universal” (potassium humate), under cadmium-induced stress. Additionally, the research aimed to elucidate how the structural components of these substances relate to reducing cadmium’s toxic impact on rice plants. The findings suggest that these growth-stimulating substances could be beneficial in ameliorating the adverse effects of cadmium on plants.

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Dai, Shu Juan, Dong Qin Zhou, De Zhou Wei i Shu Yong Yang. "Mechanism of Adsorbing Cadmium in Electroplating Wastewater by Water-Washing Waste Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (styczeń 2011): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.314.

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The function mechanism of water-washing waste saccharomyces cerevisiae and cadmium in electroplating wastewater was studied by desorption by washing experiment，chemiscal modification experiment and XPS analysis of water-washing saccharomyces cerevisiae pre-adsorbing and post-adsorbing cadmium. The desorption by washing experiment result show that chemiscal adsorption is the main adsorption form; phsicalffunt chemiscal modification experiment result show –NH2 –COOH was important groups of water-washing saccharomyces cerevisiae effecting on cadmium, XPS analysis result show that effect on water-washing saccharomyces cerevisiae and cadmiun was not only on the surface but also in the cells.

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Shahmirzaei, Shakiba, Zahra Mardani, Keyvan Moeini, Cameron Carpenter-Warren, Alexandra MZ Slawin i J. Derek Woollins. "A novel one-dimensional coordination polymer of cadmium(II)/triazine extending by di-chloro and di-iodo bridges". Journal of Chemical Research 44, nr 3-4 (8.01.2020): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747519819898056.

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A new triazine ligand salt, 2,2′,2″-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tris(hydrazin-1-ium) chloride [THT·(HCl)3], and the one-dimensional coordination polymer of cadmium, [Cd2( µ-THT)( µ-Cl)( µ-I)I2]·2(H2O), are prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (for the cadmium polymer). X-ray analysis revealed that the polymeric backbone is extended alternatively by di-iodo and di-chloro bridges; this type of bridge is not observed previously between any metal atoms. There are two types of cadmium atoms in the polymer: cadmium of the polymeric chain and terminal cadmiums. The geometry around the first (CdN2Cl2I2) is octahedral, while the latter (CdN3I2) has an incline to square-pyramidal geometry. The triazine ligand of this structure also bridges two cadmium atoms and acts as an N3 donor toward the terminal cadmium atoms and as an N2 donor toward the cadmium atoms of the chain. In the crystal network of the cadmium polymer, the hydrogen bonds of N–H···X (X: O, N, I) form different hydrogen bond motifs, including [Formula: see text](8), [Formula: see text](10), [Formula: see text](14), [Formula: see text](18), [Formula: see text](20), [Formula: see text](24), [Formula: see text](28), and [Formula: see text](32).

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Purushottam, B., i R. Adhinarayana Reddy. "Cadmium Toxicity: Sources, Mechanisms and Human Health Implications: A Comprehensive Review". UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, nr 15 (17.07.2024): 442–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154260.

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Objectives: This comprehensive review thoroughly explores cadmium toxicity, covering its detection methods, sources, biological pathways, health risks, related challenges, and strategies for prevention and treatment. Methodology: literature analysis on the toxicological effects of Cadmium on human health by utilizing databases like PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, which include reputable publications and peer-reviewed journals (2019-2024). Keywords such as "Cadmium toxicity," "Cadmium exposure," "human health effects," and others were used to gather relevant studies. Results: Cadmium, a harmful metal, is a significant environmental pollutant that leads to oxidative stress, cell harm, hemolytic anemia, and disruption of neurotransmitters, causing severe health problems and organ damage, which can be fatal in severe cases. Discussion: Cadmium's adverse impacts on human health are substantial, resulting in renal dysfunction, bone demineralization, respiratory problems, and carcinogenesis. Children and pregnant women are among the most vulnerable demographics. Strategies include stringent legislation, public education, and effective treatment regimens. Conclusion: Cadmium poisoning offers a health risk, necessitating interdisciplinary collaboration among scientists, healthcare professionals, politicians, and public health advocates to detect, prevent, and treat contamination efficiently.

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dos Santos, Pedro Silva, Maria de Fátima de Souza Guilherme, Laianne de Souza Guilherme, José Lucas dos Santos-Oliveira i Edevaldo da Silva. "Evaluation of seed germination development and initial growth of cotton plants exposed to cadmium". Anales de Biología 43 (22.10.2021): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesbio.43.11.

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Esta investigación evaluó los efectos fitotóxicos del cadmio en el desarrollo germinativo y el crecimiento inicial de Gossypium hirsutum L. Se evaluaron los efectos ecotoxicológicos de 13 concentraciones experimentales de cadmio (0.0-50.0 mM) sobre variables de respuesta como porcentaje de germinación (IVG), tiempo promedio de germinación (TMG) y longitud de la raíz de las plántulas. Las semillas de G. hirsutum expuestas al cadmio mostraron una disminución en el porcentaje de germinación y un aumento en el número de plántulas anormales con las concentraciones 18.0 y 3.0 mM, respectivamente, además de inhibir el crecimiento de la raíz y elevar el TMG de la exposición a 0,5 mM, reduciendo el IVG. G. hirsutum es una especie tolerante al cadmio durante su desarrollo germinativo This research evaluated the phytotoxic effects of cadmium on the germination development and initial growth of Gossypium hirsutum L. The ecotoxicological effects of 13 experimental concentrations of cadmium (0.0-50.0 mM) on variables like germination percentage, GSI, average germination time (AGT) and root length were evaluated. G. hirsutum seeds exposed to cadmium showed a decrease in germination percentage and an increase in the number of normal plantules from the concentrations 18.0 and 3.0 mM, respectively. It also inhibited root growth and increased the AGT from the exposure to the concentration 0.5 mM, reducing the GSI. G. hirsutum is tolerant to cadmium during its germinal stage.

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Rahayuningsih, Christ Kartika, i Riya Agustin. "Efektivitas Daun Kelor Terhadap Kadar Kadmium Dan LDL Kolesterol Dalam Darah Sebagai Indikator Penyempitan Pembuluh Darah (Aterosklerosis) Pada Tikus Putih Yang Terpapar Asap Rokok". JOURNAL OF MUHAMMADIYAH MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGIST 6, nr 2 (30.11.2023): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30651/jmlt.v6i2.19837.

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Tobacco consumption in Indonesia is a health epidemic that has direct or indirect toxicity due to exposure of cigarette smoke which contains harmful substances, especially cadmium metal. Cadmium’s exposure can increase the risk of coronary heart disease due to increased LDL cholesterol. One of the cadmium toxicity treatment by utilizing Moringa oleifera leaves as a natural antioxidant considering the flavonoids, saponins, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, phenolics, interquinones as cadmium chelating agents and β-sitosterol content. Therefore, it was necessary to determine the effectiveness of Moringa leaves extract in lowering blood cadmium and LDL cholesterol levels as indicators of atherosclerosis in white rats exposed to cigarettes smoke. The type of research was an experiment with quantitative analysis, conducted at the nutrition laboratory of the Faculty of Public Health Airlangga University and the clinical chemistry laboratory of Surabaya Health Polytechnic in March-July 2023. The independent variable was the doses of Moringa leaf extracts, while the dependent variables were blood cadmium and LDL cholesterol levels of white rats. The analysis of blood cadmium levels used an atomic absorption spectrophotometer and used precipitation methods by a photometer for LDL cholesterol levels. Based on statistical analysis using one way anova showed that blood cadmium levels had a significant value of < 0.05, followed by post hoc tests it was found that treatment group 2 had significant differences from normal groups. Moringa leaves extract dose of 1500 mg/kgbw has been effective in lowering cadmium and LDL cholesterol levels against the risk of atherosclerosis for 14 days. Keywords : Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Cadmium, LDL Cholesterol, Moringa oleifera, photometer, Rattus norvegicus

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Shi, Zhengyu, Manus Carey, Caroline Meharg, Paul N. Williams, Antonio J. Signes-Pastor, Eridha Ayu Triwardhani, Febbyandi Isnanda Pandiangan i in. "Rice Grain Cadmium Concentrations in the Global Supply-Chain". Exposure and Health 12, nr 4 (2.03.2020): 869–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12403-020-00349-6.

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AbstractOne of cadmium’s major exposure routes to humans is through rice consumption. The concentrations of cadmium in the global polished (white), market rice supply-chain were assessed in 2270 samples, purchased from retailers across 32 countries, encompassing 6 continents. It was found on a global basis that East Africa had the lowest cadmium with a median for both Malawi and Tanzania at 4.9 μg/kg, an order of magnitude lower than the highest country, China with a median at 69.3 μg/kg. The Americas were typically low in cadmium, but the Indian sub-continent was universally elevated. In particular certain regions of Bangladesh had high cadmium, that when combined with the high daily consumption rate of rice of that country, leads to high cadmium exposures. Concentrations of cadmium were compared to the European Standard for polished rice of 200 μg/kg and 5% of the global supply-chain exceeded this threshold. For the stricter standard of 40 μg/kg for processed infant foods, for which rice can comprise up to 100% by composition (such as rice porridges, puffed rice cereal and cakes), 25% of rice would not be suitable for making pure rice baby foods. Given that rice is also elevated in inorganic arsenic, the only region of the world where both inorganic arsenic and cadmium were low in grain was East Africa.

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Rana, Deepali, Neha Saini, Rashmi Chamoli, Sandeep Kumar i Smritilekha Majumder. "Effect of Cadmium on Germination and Seedling Growth of Cicer arietinum, Cv.G130". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 8, nr 04 (30.12.2022): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v8i04.06.

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Heavy metals contamination in agriculture, especially near industrial areas, is very common, and they are toxic and harmful to for thegrowth of plants. Biologically, cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential element for plants and it reduces the germination and seedling growthof Cicer arietinum. In the present study effects of different cadmium chloride concentrations (1, 10 and 50 mg-1) were investigated onseedling growth of C. arietinum, L cv. G130. The seedling growth studies were carried out in dark and light conditions. Germinationpercentage was recorded after 24 hours for both dark and light conditions. During the observation, it was found that the higherconcentration of cadmium, particularly 50 mg-1, significantly reduced plant growth. The length of epicotyl and radicle shows gradualinhibition as the cadmium concentration is increased from 10 to 50 mg-1 Cd. Similarly, fresh weight and dry weight also decreased withthe increased cadmium concentrations. It was noted that the higher concentration of Cd inhibited plant growth and the lower metalconcentration showed of plant growth promotion. However, studies reveal that the growth is promoted in 1 mg-1 Cd concentration (1ppm). Results confirmed cadmium’s toxic effect on chickpea seedling growth at higher concentrations

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Genchi, Giuseppe, Maria Stefania Sinicropi, Graziantonio Lauria, Alessia Carocci i Alessia Catalano. "The Effects of Cadmium Toxicity". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 11 (26.05.2020): 3782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113782.

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Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic non-essential transition metal that poses a health risk for both humans and animals. It is naturally occurring in the environment as a pollutant that is derived from agricultural and industrial sources. Exposure to cadmium primarily occurs through the ingestion of contaminated food and water and, to a significant extent, through inhalation and cigarette smoking. Cadmium accumulates in plants and animals with a long half-life of about 25–30 years. Epidemiological data suggest that occupational and environmental cadmium exposure may be related to various types of cancer, including breast, lung, prostate, nasopharynx, pancreas, and kidney cancers. It has been also demonstrated that environmental cadmium may be a risk factor for osteoporosis. The liver and kidneys are extremely sensitive to cadmium’s toxic effects. This may be due to the ability of these tissues to synthesize metallothioneins (MT), which are Cd-inducible proteins that protect the cell by tightly binding the toxic cadmium ions. The oxidative stress induced by this xenobiotic may be one of the mechanisms responsible for several liver and kidney diseases. Mitochondria damage is highly plausible given that these organelles play a crucial role in the formation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and are known to be among the key intracellular targets for cadmium. When mitochondria become dysfunctional after exposure to Cd, they produce less energy (ATP) and more ROS. Recent studies show that cadmium induces various epigenetic changes in mammalian cells, both in vivo and in vitro, causing pathogenic risks and the development of various types of cancers. The epigenetics present themselves as chemical modifications of DNA and histones that alter the chromatin without changing the sequence of the DNA nucleotide. DNA methyltransferase, histone acetyltransferase, histone deacetylase and histone methyltransferase, and micro RNA are involved in the epigenetic changes. Recently, investigations of the capability of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), and river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) to remove cadmium from polluted soil and water have been carried out. Moreover, nanoparticles of TiO2 and Al2O3 have been used to efficiently remove cadmium from wastewater and soil. Finally, microbial fermentation has been studied as a promising method for removing cadmium from food. This review provides an update on the effects of Cd exposure on human health, focusing on the cellular and molecular alterations involved.

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Gao, Yuan, Guan Ling Song i Hao Wu. "Toxic Effect of Cadmium on Azolla Imbricata (Roxb.) Nakai". Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (październik 2011): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.263.

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After cultivating 4 days in Steinberg medium with different concentrations of Cd2+, the toxic effect of cadmiun on Azolla imbricata (Roxb.) Nakai was investigated for the purpose to find out if this plant is suitable to using on restoration of waterbody with cadmium pollution. The variations of chlorophyll content, soluble-protein content, peroxidase (POD) activity, catalase(CAT) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of Azolla imbricata (Roxb.) Nakai were measured in this study. The results show that the chlorophyll content of Azolla imbricata(Roxb.)Nakai has no significant changes in media with Cd2+concentrations compare with control. The MDA content ascended significantly from the Cd2+concentration was 5 mg•L-1, because of the intensified oxidative damage. When Cd2+concentration is 0.1~20 mg•L-1, the souble protein content, POD activity and CAT activity increased to resist the oxidative damage. Azolla imbricata (Roxb.) Nakai is tolerance of cadmium pollution, it can be used to water bodies restoration with low level cadmium pollution.

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WX, Liu, X. Feng, S. Shang, G. Zhang i Wu FB. "Selenium reduces cadmium accumulation and alleviates cadmium-induced quality degradation in tobacco". Plant, Soil and Environment 61, No. 10 (6.06.2016): 444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/397/2015-pse.

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Apelblat, Alexander, i Eli Korin. "The vapour pressures over saturated aqueous solutions of cadmium chloride, cadmium bromide, cadmium iodide, cadmium nitrate, and cadmium sulphate". Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 39, nr 7 (lipiec 2007): 1065–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2006.12.010.

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Pozo Miranda, Francisco. "Presencia de metales pesados Cadmio y Plomo en el estuario del río Chone Manabí, Ecuador.// Presence of cadmium and lead heavy metals in the estuary of Chone River - Manabí, Ecuador". Ciencia Unemi 10, nr 24 (15.12.2017): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol10iss24.2017pp123-130p.

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El presente estudio busca determinar la presencia de metales pesados, Cadmio y Plomo, en el estuario del Río Chone, Ecuador, durante Junio a Septiembre de 2014; se obtuvieron seis muestras de agua y cinco de suelo en seis sitios, con dos réplicas por sitios, dando el total de 66 muestras. El análisis se realizó según el protocolo del Kit para Cadmio y Plomo de Merck-Millipore. En el agua las concentraciones de Cadmio fueron mayores en el sitio P4 (0,129 mg/L). En el sedimento, el nivel de Cadmio en el sitio P2 presentó mayor acumulación (0,0033 mg/g), para Plomo, los sitios con mayor nivel fueron P5 y P6 (0,18 – 0,21 mg/L respectivamente), lugares con mayor flujo de agua del estuario del Río Chone (8 UPS: Unidades Prácticas de Salinidad) y menor influencia con las corrientes del agua del Mar (30 UPS). Los resultados comparados con la legislación Ecuatoriana evidencian concentraciones altas de Cadmio en el ecosistema del estuario en estudio, que podría afectar la salud de organismos que viven a nivel de la columna de agua, tales como peces, al igual que actividades de recreación de los bañistas locales, de los cantones Sucre y San Vicente Manabí.ABSTRACTThe present study aims to determine the presence of cadmium and lead heavy metals in the Chone River estuary; Ecuador, during June to September 2014, six water samples and five soil samples were obtained at six sites, with two replications per site giving a total of 66 samples. The analysis was performed according to the protocol of Merck-Millipore Kit for cadmium and lead. Cadmium concentrations in the water were higher at the P4 site (0.129 mg/L). The level of cadmium in the sediment showed greater accumulation (0.0033 mg/g) in the P2 site. The sites with higher level of lead were P5 and P6 (0.18 y 0.21 mg/L respectively), these were places with greater flow of water of the Chone River estuary (8 UPS: Practical Units of Salinity) and less influence of the sea water currents (30 UPS).The results compared with Ecuadorian legislation show high concentrations of cadmium in the ecosystem of Chone River estuary, which could affect the health of organisms living at the water column level, such as fish, as well as recreational activities for local bathers from Sucre and San Vicente cantons from Manabí province.

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ZAGRAI (MAIEREAN), Ana Maria, Aurel DAMIAN, Marian GHITA, Gavrilă ZAGRAI, Iulian DUMITRESCU, Cerasela VASILESCU, Livia PAUN i Gabriel COTOR. "Research Regarding the Effect of Vitamin E on Some Hematological Parameters in Toxic Stress Conditions in Rats". Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 77, nr 1 (3.06.2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:2019.0018.

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Cadmium’s mechanism of toxicity is manifested by its fixation in mitochondria, inhibition of cellular respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. Vitamin E could act as a protective factor against the harmful effect of Cadmium intoxication. The experimental animals were randomly allocated into 3 experimental groups of 6 rats. The collected blood samples were used to determine hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, blood erythrocyte count and leukocyte count. The following derived red blood cell parameters were calculated in parallel according to the standard methodology. Between groups 1 and 2 there are no significant differences, a sign that vitamin E exerts an effective protective role. We found a significant increase in the white blood cell count and the neutrophil count in group 3 compared to group 1. Between groups 1 and 2 there are no significant differences, a sign that vitamin E has annihilated the cadmium-induced specific effect. In the case of cadmium poisoned rats, we found a decrease in the number of red blood cells, the hematocrit and the hemoglobin level, but also a significant increase in the number of white blood cells. If rats were treated with cadmium and vitamin E, there were not significant differences from the control group.

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Zhang, Ya Hui, Xi Cheng i Qing Wang. "The Synthesis of Cadmium Sulfide and Cadmium Selenide Nanostructures". Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (wrzesień 2013): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.467.

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Cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide have been the subject of considerable interest because of their potentialapplications in many fields. In this paper, the synthesis of cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide nanostructures is described. The Morphologies of as prepared cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide nanostructures are summarized. And the applications and prospects of cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide in this field also are analyzed.

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Wachira, Francis N., G. O. Areba, R. M. Ngure, R. Khalid, F. Maloba, N. Nyaga, K. O. Moseti, M. Ngotho, J. K. Wanyoko i S. M. Karori. "Neuroprotective Effects of Tea Against Cadmium Toxicity". Bioactive Compounds in Health and Disease 2, nr 12 (31.12.2019): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/bchd.v2i12.684.

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Background: Cadmium (Cd) is a common pollutant and potential neuro-toxicant to humans. The main treatment for heavy metal toxicity is chelation therapy which is however replete with grave side effects. This study was designed to determine the neuroprotective effects of extracts of the tea beverage on experimentally induced cadmium toxicity in the brain of rats. Cadmiumas CdCl2 was administered subcutaneously while tea was given orally.Methods: Healthy Wister rats were used to study the effects of co-administration of Cd and tea extracts on the brain. Cadmium was injected subcutaneously while tea was administered orally to the rats. Brain tissue from euthanized rats was assayed for Zinc Fingers and Homeoboxes Protein 1 (ZHX1), reduced glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation markers Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS). Neurohistochemical and histopathological studies were also carried out on the brain tissues of the rats.Results: Cadmium significantly induced neuronal damage exhibited by a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in ZHX1 in the brain tissue, significant (p <0.05) increase in TBARS, as well as significant (p < 0.05) increase in GSH implying an impaired antioxidant defense system. Co-administration of Cd with black or green tea extracts resulted in a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation as well as maintenance of GSH and ZHX1. The neurohistochemical and histopathological studies in the brain of the rats indicated that the tea extracts significantly reduced CdCl2 toxicity and preserved the normal histological architecture of the brain tissues.Conclusion: This paper reports for the first time the efficacy of tea extracts in protecting rats from cadmium induced toxicity and disturbances of antioxidant defense system in the brain.Key words: Tea; flavonoids; Cadmium; neurotoxicity; Chelating agents.

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Verougstraete, Violaine, i Alfred Bernard. "Cadmium". EMC - Pathologie professionnelle et de l 'environnement 1, nr 1 (styczeń 2006): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1155-1925(06)75644-0.

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Young, Jay A. "Cadmium". Journal of Chemical Education 82, nr 4 (kwiecień 2005): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed082p521.

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WOLKE, ROBERT L. "CADMIUM". Chemical & Engineering News 81, nr 36 (8.09.2003): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v081n036.p120.

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Tötsch, W. "Cadmium". Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung 2, nr 4 (listopad 1990): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03039401.

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Bätcher, Karen. "Cadmium". Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung 7, nr 2 (sierpień 1995): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02938776.

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Valkonen, J. "Cadmium diselenite and cadmium hydrogenselenite selenite". Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 50, nr 9 (15.09.1994): 1381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010827019301128x.

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Sasaki, Kazuhiro, Ohmura Naoya i Kei Tawarada. "Cadmium Rapid Test Kit using Cadmium Purification Column and Cadmium Immunochromatography". Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 40, nr 1-6 (marzec 2009): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103620802649179.

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Oyetunde, Dayo, Mohammad Afzaal, Mark A. Vincent, Ian H. Hillier i Paul O’Brien. "Cadmium Sulfide and Cadmium Phosphide Thin Films from a Single Cadmium Compound". Inorganic Chemistry 50, nr 6 (21.03.2011): 2052–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic102309r.

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Budd, K. "A cadmium-tolerant strain of Neocosmospora vasinfecta shows reduced cadmium influx". Canadian Journal of Botany 69, nr 6 (1.06.1991): 1296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-168.

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Neocosmospora vasinfecta was grown in a defined liquid medium and its growth responses to CdSO4 were measured. The specific growth rate of mycelium not previously exposed to cadmium was reduced to 50% by 51 μM cadmium. The growth response to concentrations of cadmium above 50 μM was complex, showing declining and then recovery phases. Inoculum taken from a culture grown to the recovery phase in presence of 100 μM cadmium was cadmium tolerant; a cadmium level of 420 μM was required to reduce its specific growth rate by 50%. Tolerance was not lost by growth in the absence of cadmium. The tolerant mycelium showed markedly reduced net uptake of cadmium as compared with the normal (cadmium sensitive) mycelium. This reduction was due to a decrease in the unidirectional influx of cadmium, with little or no change in efflux. Cadmium toxicity in the normal mycelium was strongly antagonized by calcium but only weakly by manganese or zinc. Calcium also inhibited the uptake of cadmium. Key words: cadmium, calcium, Neocosmospora, tolerance, toxicity, transport.

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Liu, Mei, Qing Guo Chen, Li Shao, Jing Ya Sun i Zhen Ying Rong. "Cadmium Removal from Marine Sediment by Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant". Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (maj 2014): 641–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.641.

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The cadmium removed from sediment by rhamnolipid biosurfactant was explored in laboratory scale. The results suggest that the biosurfactant can remove cadmium from the sediment efficiently, 40% more than SDS. 200 mg/L rhamnolipid biosurfactant can get 84.02% cadmium removal efficiency from the sediment which contained 0.42 mg/g cadmium. pH affect cadmium removal by rhamnolipid, the best pH was 10. Leaching could also affect cadmium removal, there was a remarkable increasing of cadmium removal efficiency after the second washing, and after 48 h leaching cadmium removal and cadmium absorption got the balance.

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Zhu, Jiamin, Leilei Yu, Xudan Shen, Fengwei Tian, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Wei Chen i Qixiao Zhai. "Protective Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8610 against Acute Toxicity Caused by Different Food-Derived Forms of Cadmium in Mice". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, nr 20 (13.10.2021): 11045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011045.

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Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant that is toxic to almost every human organ. Oral supplementation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been reported to alleviate cadmium toxicity. However, research on the mitigation of cadmium toxicity by LAB is still limited to inorganic cadmium, which is not representative of the varied forms of cadmium ingested daily. In this study, different foodborne forms of cadmium were adopted to establish an in vivo toxicity model, including cadmium–glutathione, cadmium–citrate, and cadmium–metallothionein. The ability of Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8610 to reduce the toxic effects of these forms of cadmium was further investigated. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics technologies based on liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) were adopted for the exploration of relevant protective mechanisms. The results demonstrated that the consumption of CCFM8610 can reduce the content of cadmium in mice and relieve the oxidative stress caused by different food–derived forms of cadmium, indicating that CCFM8610 has a promising effect on the remediation of the toxic effects of cadmium food poisoning. Meanwhile, protective effects on gut microflora and serum metabolites might be an important mechanism for probiotics to alleviate cadmium toxicity. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of L. plantarum CCFM8610 to alleviate human cadmium poisoning.

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Zhu, Jiamin, Leilei Yu, Xudan Shen, Fengwei Tian, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Wei Chen i Qixiao Zhai. "Protective Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8610 against Acute Toxicity Caused by Different Food-Derived Forms of Cadmium in Mice". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, nr 20 (13.10.2021): 11045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011045.

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Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant that is toxic to almost every human organ. Oral supplementation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been reported to alleviate cadmium toxicity. However, research on the mitigation of cadmium toxicity by LAB is still limited to inorganic cadmium, which is not representative of the varied forms of cadmium ingested daily. In this study, different foodborne forms of cadmium were adopted to establish an in vivo toxicity model, including cadmium–glutathione, cadmium–citrate, and cadmium–metallothionein. The ability of Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8610 to reduce the toxic effects of these forms of cadmium was further investigated. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics technologies based on liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) were adopted for the exploration of relevant protective mechanisms. The results demonstrated that the consumption of CCFM8610 can reduce the content of cadmium in mice and relieve the oxidative stress caused by different food–derived forms of cadmium, indicating that CCFM8610 has a promising effect on the remediation of the toxic effects of cadmium food poisoning. Meanwhile, protective effects on gut microflora and serum metabolites might be an important mechanism for probiotics to alleviate cadmium toxicity. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of L. plantarum CCFM8610 to alleviate human cadmium poisoning.

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Balakrishnan, Lakshmi Shree, Selva Priya Subramanian, Therasa Ranjani Perchamy i Madanagurusamy Sridharan. "Studies on cadmium telluride–cadmium selenide bilayer". Nanomaterials and Energy 4, nr 2 (grudzień 2015): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jnaen.15.00002.

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Gabe, D. R. "Cadmium electrodeposition: alternatives to cadmium and cyanide". Surface Engineering 10, nr 1 (styczeń 1994): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sur.1994.10.1.41.

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Jones, E. D., N. M. Stewart i V. Thambipillai. "Self-diffusion of cadmium into cadmium sulphide". Journal of Crystal Growth 96, nr 2 (czerwiec 1989): 453–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(89)90545-9.

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Lakshmi Shree, B., P. Therasa Ranjani, S. Selva Priya i M. Sridharan. "Studies on cadmium telluride–cadmium selenide bilayer". Nanomaterials and Energy 4, July–December (1.07.2015): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/nme.15.00002.

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Pavlyk, B. "Cadmium mechanoemission from doped cadmium telluride crystals". Journal of Physical Studies 2, nr 1 (1998): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/jps.02.79.

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Ravinder, D. "Elasticity of Cadmium and Lithium-Cadmium Ferrites". Physica Status Solidi (a) 136, nr 1 (16.03.1993): K15—K17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2211360139.

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Zhou, Zhou, Yong-hui Lu, Hui-feng Pi, Peng Gao, Min Li, Lei Zhang, Li-ping Pei i in. "Cadmium Exposure is Associated with the Prevalence of Dyslipidemia". Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 40, nr 3-4 (2016): 633–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000452576.

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Background: Cadmium is a widespread environmental and occupational pollutant that accumulates in human body with a biological half-life exceeding 10 years. Cadmium exposure has been demonstrated to increase rates of cardiovascular diseases. Whether occupational cadmium exposure is associated with the increase in the prevalence of dyslipidemia and hence contributes to the risk of cardiovascular diseases is still equivocal. To test the hypothesis that exposure to cadmium is related to the prevalence of dyslipidemia, we examined the associations between blood cadmium concentration and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in workers occupationally exposed to cadmium in China. Methods: A cross-sectional survey on demographic data, blood cadmium level and lipid profile in cadmium exposed workers from seven cadmium smelting factories in central and southwestern China was conducted. We measured blood cadmium concentration and lipid components of 1489 cadmium exposed workers. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was compared across blood cadmium quartiles. Associations between the blood cadmium concentrations and the prevalence of dyslipidemia were assessed using confounder adjusted linear and logistic regressions. Results: The blood cadmium concentration was 3.61±0.84µg/L ( mean ±SD). The prevalence of dyslipidemia in this occupational population was 66.3%. Mean blood cadmium concentration of workers with dyslipedemia was significantly higher than that of workers without dyslipidemia (p <0.01). The prevalence of dyslipidemia increased dose-dependently with elevations in blood cadmium concentrations (p for trend <0.001). Elevated levels of blood cadmium were associated with BMI, education attainment, income, smoking status and duration of exposure (all p <0.01). Furthermore, the profile of blood lipid was obviously changed in this occupational population. The prevalence of high TC, high TG, Low HDL-C and high LDL-C rose with increases in blood cadmium levels dose-dependently (p for trend <0.001). The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for dyslipidemia across the increasing blood cadmium quartiles were 1.21(1.16-1.55), 1.56(1.11-1.87), 1.79(1.26-2.25) respectively (referencing to 1.00; p for trend <0.001), after multivariate adjustment for BMI, education attainment, income, lifestyle factors and duration of exposure, the association between blood cadmium concentrations and the prevalence of dyslipidemia remained unchanged (all p for trend <0.001). Conclusion: Elevated blood cadmium concentration is associated with prevalence of dyslipidemia. Cadmium exposure could alter lipid metabolism in humans. It is imperative to control cadmium exposure of occupational population in cadmium related industries and reduce adverse health effects.

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Summer, K. H., G. A. Drasch i H. E. Heilmaier. "Metauothionein and Cadmium in Human Kidney Cortex: Influence of Smoking". Human Toxicology 5, nr 1 (styczeń 1986): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032718600500106.

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1 Post-mortem specimens of human kidney cortex of 47 individuals classified according to their imoking habits were analysed for tissue cadmium and cadmium bound to metallothionein. 2 The cadmium content in the kidney cortex of all individuals was 5-99 μg/g wet wt. In smokers consuming more than 20 cigarettes/day the mean content of renal cortex cadmium was twice that of ion-smokers and amounted to 33.3 ± 12.5 μg/g wet wt. 3 The amount of cadmium bound to metallothionein of all individuals was 0.3-66 μg/g wet wt. iirectly correlating with the cadmium content of the kidney cortex (r = 0.932). 4 More than 50% of renal cortex cadmium was associated with the metallothionein fractions. Due to constant values of zinc and copper in metallothionein the relative amount of zinc and copper to cadmium in metallothionein decreased with increasing tissue cadmium. 5 Together with the elevated binding of cadmium to renal cortex metallothionein, cadmium ncreasingly was bound to non-metallothionein ligands. 6 These results suggest that, in the renal cortex of smokers with elevated cadmium, a major portion of cadmium is bound to metallothionein. However, it is unclear yet whether (a) the binding of cadmium to metallothionein with subsequent liberation of the metal during degradation of the protein, (b) the impairment of metallothionein functions by the binding of cadmium or (c) the increased binding to non-metallothionein ligands contribute to the toxicity of cadmium in highly exposed individuals.

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Kelley, Colleen, David E. Sargent i Jennifer K. Uno. "Cadmium Therapeutic Agents". Current Pharmaceutical Design 5, nr 4 (kwiecień 1999): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612805666230109212741.

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Pollution of the environment with toxic metals has increased dramatically since the beginning of the industrial revolution. Cadmium is of particular concern because it accumulates in the human body with a half-life exceeding IO years and has been Jinked with a number of health problems including renal tubular dysfunction, pulmonary emphysema, significant kidney damage, and possibly osteoporosis. Moreover, in 1993 the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified cadmium and compounds containing cadmium as human carcinogens. The field of cadmium intoxication therapy has seen increases in interest due to its poignant toxicity in both humans and animals. Preliminary attempts to combat acute cadmium poisoning included the use of the chelating agents ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and British anti-Lewisite (BAL). This review will focus on the chemistry, biology, and effectiveness of cadmium intoxication therapy to date. The toxicokinetics of cadmium mammals will be discussed briefly to understand the extent and severity of overexposure. An overview of cadmium chelation therapy will be given with an e_mphasis on the measurable effectiveness of each and significant structure activity relationships. Cadmium intoxication therapy will be reviewed by their indicated routes of action: direct (chelation and antagonism), indirect (induction), and symptom alleviation. The methods by which cadmium therapeutics are evaluated (in vivo, in vitro) are to be discussed. An evaluation of the clinical potential for promising therapeutics will be given.

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Lavryshyn, Y. Y., B. V. Gutyj, I. S. Paziuk, N. D. Levkivska, M. S. Romanovych i M. P. Drach. "The effect of cadmium loading on the activity of the enzyme link of the glutathione system of bull organism". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, nr 95 (2.11.2019): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9520.

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One of the ultimate manifestations of Cadmium's toxic effects is the depletion of the animal's antioxidant protection system. The article presents data on the effect of cadmium chloride at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg body weight on the activity of enzymes of the glutathione system of antioxidant protection of the body of young cattle. The surveys were conducted on the basis of farm Ivanivtsi of Zhydachiv district of Lviv region on 10 bulls of six months old, Ukrainian black-ruffed dairy breed, which were formed into 2 groups of 5 animals each: control and experimental. Bulls of the experimental group were fed with feed cadmium chloride at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg body weight of the animal. For research, the rules were compulsory for performing zootechnical experiments on the selection and retention of analogues in groups, technology for the procurement, use and accounting of feed consumed. The diet of the animals was balanced by the nutrients and minerals that provided for their need for essential nutrients. The results of studies indicate that Cadmium significantly affects the metabolism processes in liver cells, and thus stimulates lipid peroxidation processes and inhibits the activity of enzymes of the glutathione link of the antioxidant system. The lowest activity of the enzyme link of the glutathione system of antioxidant protection of the body of cattle was found on the twentieth day of the experiment, where, accordingly, the activity of glutathione peroxidase in the serum of bugs of the experimental group decreased by 22.6%, the activity of glutathione 6 phosphate dehydrogenase – by 24.3% relative to the control group of animals. The inhibition of the activity of enzymes of the glutathione system of the organism of bulls of the experimental group is caused by the development of oxidative stress caused by the feeding of Cadmium. The researches made it possible to reveal more deeply the pathogenesis of the toxic effect of cadmium on the body of bugs and use these data in the development of an antidote for cadmium intoxication.

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Costa, G., i J. L. Morel. "Cadmium uptake byLupinus albus(L.): Cadmium excretion, a possible mechanism of cadmium tolerance". Journal of Plant Nutrition 16, nr 10 (październik 1993): 1921–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904169309364661.

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Ikeda, Masayuki, Haruo Nakatsuka, Takao Watanabe i Shinichiro Shimbo. "Estimation of daily cadmium intake from cadmium in blood or cadmium in urine". Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 20, nr 6 (15.07.2015): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12199-015-0479-x.

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Xue, Tingting, Nan Li, Feng He i Jia Liu. "Effects of Exogennous Ebr on Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics of Soybean Under Cadmium Stress". Bangladesh Journal of Botany 53, nr 2 (27.06.2024): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v53i2.74338.

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Cadmium (Cd) is one of the highly toxic, non-essential heavy metals that inhibit plant growth and development. The differences in physiological indicators and leaf microstructure between cadmium-tolerant and cadmium-sensitive soybean under Cd stress were studied. The results showed that the photosynthetic efficiency of cadmium-sensitive soybeans was higher after cadmium stress so as to maintain the normal growth of the plants. Compared with that of cadmium-tolerant soybeans, the photosynthetic rate of cadmium-sensitive soybeans under cadmium stress had a higher correlation with each physiological indicator. Overall, EBR affected cadmium-tolerant soybean under cadmium stress mainly by changing the leaf cell structure and maintaining the integrity of cell structure, thereby increasing the net photosynthetic rate of soybean leaves, ultimately maintaining the normal growth of plants. Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(2): 327-335, 2024 (June)

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Zhai, Qixiao, Gang Wang, Jianxin Zhao, Xiaoming Liu, Fengwei Tian, Hao Zhang i Wei Chen. "Protective Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8610 against Acute Cadmium Toxicity in Mice". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, nr 5 (21.12.2012): 1508–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03417-12.

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ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the protective effects ofLactobacillus plantarumCCFM8610, a selected probiotic with good cadmium binding capacity, against acute cadmium toxicity in mice. Ninety mice were divided into prevention and therapy groups. In the prevention groups, CCFM8610 was administered at 109CFU once daily for 7 days, followed by a single oral dose of cadmium chloride at 1.8 mg cadmium for each mouse. In the therapy groups, the same dose of CCFM8610 was administered for 2 days after an identical single dose of cadmium exposure. Mice that received neither cadmium nor culture or that received cadmium alone served as negative and positive controls, respectively. The effects of both living and dead CCFM8610 on cadmium ion concentrations in feces, liver, and kidney were determined. Moreover, the alterations in reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and histopathology in the liver and kidney were investigated. The results showed that compared to the mice that received cadmium only, CCFM8610 treatment can effectively decrease intestinal cadmium absorption, reduce tissue cadmium accumulation, alleviate renal and hepatic oxidative stress, and ameliorate hepatic histopathological changes. Living CCFM8610 administered after cadmium exposure offered the most significant protection. Our results suggested that CCFM8610 is more effective against acute cadmium toxicity than a simple antioxidant treatment due to its special physiological functions and that it can be considered a new dietary therapeutic strategy against acute cadmium toxicity.

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Frías-Espericueta, M. G., J. I. Osuna-López, M. Aguilar-Juárez i D. Voltolina. "CADMIO Y PLOMO EN ORGANISMOS DE IMPORTANCIA COMERCIAL DE LA ZONA COSTERA DE SINALOA, MÉXICO: 20 AÑOS DE ESTUDIOS". CICIMAR Oceánides 25, nr 2 (4.12.2010): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v25i2.88.

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El plomo y el cadmio pueden afectar la salud de los ecosistemas y de los consumidores de alimentos con alto contenido de estos metales, que son entre los más ampliamente utilizados en diferentes actividades humanas y que además son entre los principales productos mineros de México. La principal actividad de Sinaloa es la agricultura, por lo cual fertilizantes y plaguicidas son fuentes importantes de contaminación por estos metales. En este artículo, después de revisar las posibles fuentes naturales y las principales actividades humanas que aportan estos metales a las aguas marinas costeras del Estado de Sinaloa, se resumen los resultados de las investigaciones realizadas en las dos décadas más recientes sobre el contenido de cadmio y plomo en los tejidos comestibles de varios organismos acuáticos de los cuerpos de agua costeros del Estado. En el caso del cadmio, las mayores concentraciones se encontraron en el sistema lagunar Altata-Ensenada del Pabellón, posiblemente a causa de las actividades agrícolas del valle de Culiacán. Las concentraciones de plomo en los tejidos blandos de bivalvos parecen indicar una tendencia a la disminución, posiblemente relacionado con el uso de gasolina sin plomo, aunque esto no coincide con los valores encontrados en el tejido comestible de camarones. Además, todos los valores de plomo son superiores a los valores que indican la presencia de impactos ambientales. En cuanto a posibles riesgos para los consumidores de pescados y mariscos, no se encontraron valores superiores a los niveles de riesgo en el músculo de crustáceos y peces, mientras que exceden los recomendados en el caso del contenido de cadmio de algunos bivalvos. Lead and cadmium in organisms of commercial importance in the coastal zone of Sinaloa, Mexico: 20 years of studies Lead and cadmium may affect the health of ecosystems and of the consumers of food items d with these metals, which are widely used in several human activities and are, in addition, among contaminate the most important products of Mexican mining activities. Agriculture is the main activity in the State of Sinaloa, and for this reason pesticides and fertilizers are important sources of contamination with both metals. In this article we revise the possible natural sources and the main human activities which may contribute these metals to the coastal waters of the Mexican State of Sinaloa, and summarize the results of the investigations of the latest two decades on the lead and cadmium contents of the edible tissues of several aquatic organisms of its coastal water bodies. The highest cadmium concentrations were those found in the Altata-Ensenada del Pabellón lagoonal system, possibly as a result of the agricultural activities of the Culiacán plains. Lead concentrations in bivalves seem to indicate a tendency to lower values, possibly due to the use of unleaded gasoline, although this does not coincide with the values found in shrimp muscles. In addition, all lead values are above the level indicating the presence of environmental impact. The cadmium content of some bivalve exceed the level of risk for human health, whereas the lead and cadmium contents of fish and crustacean edible tissues are below the level of concern.

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Nadirova, Sanam, Yuriy Sinyavskiy, Serik Abdreshov, Yevgeniya Deripaskina i Ashat Torgautov. "The effect of enriched yoghurt on the antioxidant activities of rats poisoned with cadmium salts". Nutrition & Food Science 52, nr 2 (24.10.2021): 320–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-03-2021-0100.

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Purpose Evaluation of the effect of yoghurts enriched with a complex of vegetable additives on the state of the antioxidant defense system, the content of triglycerides and cholesterol in rats exposed to toxic seeds with cadmium chloride. The purpose of this paper is evaluation of the effect of yoghurts enriched with a complex of vegetable additives on the state of the antioxidant defense system, the content of triglycerides and cholesterol in rats exposed to toxic cadmium chloride. Design/methodology/approach The studies were carried out on 72 male rats (Wistar), divided into six groups (n = 12): control, model of cadmium intoxication and receiving the developed dairy product, enriched with appropriate biologically active supplements (rosehip, rowan and hawthorn berries syrup and grape peel extract [rich in resveratrol]). Biochemical parameters of blood, homogenates of the liver and kidneys were analyzed. Findings The intensity of lipid peroxidation processes (in the liver, kidneys and erythrocytes) decreased in the group receiving dairy products enriched with berry syrups and grape peel extract (rich in resveratrol). The activity of catalase, total antioxidant activity and superoxide dismutase increased. In the groups receiving dairy products enriched with berry syrups, the total protein level in the blood increased, compared with Group 2. The content of triglycerides and cholesterol levels in groups receiving dairy products decreased significantly compared to animals intoxicated with cadmium chloride. Originality/value The topic of cadmium’s toxic effects on human and animal health and methods for solving this problem is very relevant.

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Clarke, J. M., W. A. Norvell, F. R. Clarke i W. T. Buckley. "Concentration of cadmium and other elements in the grain of near-isogenic durum lines". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 82, nr 1 (1.01.2002): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-083.

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Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) shows genetic variation for concentration of the heavy metal cadmium in the grain. This variation is being exploited to develop cultivars with low cadmium concentration, but there is no information on the effect of incorporation of the trait on uptake of other elements or on economic traits such as yield. Five pairs of near-isogenic high/low cadmium durum wheat lines and their parents were grown in a randomized complete block trial with three replications. Trials were grown at Swift Current, Saskatchewan in 1994, at Swift Current, Stewart Valley and Regina, Saskatchewan in 1995 and 1996, at Langdon and Fargo, North Dakota in 1995, and at Casselton and Langdon, North Dakota in 1996. Grain yield, test weight, kernel weight and protein concentration were determined. Grain cadmium, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel and zinc were measured by atomic absorption or inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. The low cadmium trait had no significant effect on average yield, grain protein concentration, test weight, or kernel weight as indicated by comparison of the high and low cadmium isolines. Average grain cadmium concentration differed among years within locations, among locations within years, and among genotypes. The average grain cadmium concentration of the high cadmium isolines was approximately double that of the low cadmium isolines. There were significant genotypic differences in grain concentration of the other elements, but the differences were not associated with the high and low cadmium isogenic lines. The low cadmium allele seems to be specific for cadmium, lowering cadmium without altering concentrations of other elements or affecting economic traits. Key words: Triticum turgidum L. var durum; grain cadmium concentration; grain yield

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Stephenson, M., i G. L. Mackie. "Multivariate Analysis of Correlations Between Environmental Parameters and Cadmium Concentrations in Hyalella azteca (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Central Ontario Lakes". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, nr 10 (1.10.1988): 1705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-202.

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Cadmium concentrations in Hyalella azteca collected from 69 central Ontario lakes ranged from 0.13 to 56.6 μg/g dry mass. Principal components analysis followed by multiple linear regression found three principal components, interpreted as water hardness, total cadmium, and dissolved organic carbon concentrations, to be significantly [Formula: see text] correlated with cadmium concentrations in H. azteca. Cadmium concentrations in H. azteca were independent of cadmium concentrations in littoral sediments. It is suggested that cadmium ions compete with calcium ions for uptake sites on the gill surfaces of H. azteca. High concentrations of dissolved organic carbon may complex free cadmium ions and reduce their concentration in solution, leading to lower cadmium concentrations in H. azteca.

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Xu, Ximei, Xiaofeng Yue, Du Wang, Mengxue Fang, Li Yu, Fei Ma, Nanri Yin i in. "Prevention of Cadmium Contamination by Microbial Inoculant and Its Potential Mechanism". Agriculture 14, nr 6 (31.05.2024): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060881.

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Cadmium is the main heavy metal contaminant of food in the world. The extent of cadmium pollution in peanut in China remains unclear. To determine the cadmium pollution level in peanut, samples from the main producing regions in China were assessed. The findings revealed that the cadmium pollution level in Chinese peanuts was relatively low. Moreover, the Aflatoxin Rhizobia Couple B. amyloliquefaciens, B. laterosporu, B. mucilaginosus, E. ludwiggi (ARC-BBBE) microbial inoculants on cadmium contamination in peanut were evaluated. The fertilization methods were categorized into conventional fertilization and conventional fertilization supplemented with 60 kg/hectare of microbial inoculant ARC-BBBE as the base fertilizer. The cadmium contents in the soil and peanut plant parts were detected and analyzed. The results demonstrated that the microbial inoculant ARC-BBBE significantly reduced the total cadmium content in peanut, as well as the available cadmium and exchangeable cadmium in soil. Furthermore, the pH and urease and alkaline phosphatase activities in soil were significantly enhanced, suggesting that the microbial inoculant ARC-BBBE decreased cadmium content in soil and reduced the cadmium uptake by plants through a combination of the action of the bacteria itself and the secretion of extracellular substances. This ultimately achieves the goal of reducing the cadmium content in peanut seeds.

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Santos, Mónica, i Armando Almeida. "Danos Ocupacionais associados ao Cádmio, com ênfase no setor da Conservação e Restauro de Obras de Arte". Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional 10 (31.12.2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31252/rpso.04.01.2020.

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Introduction and objective The authors aimed to collect and summarize all the information they found on the subject, as a starting point for other projects that are considered pertinent in the context of the occupational health of these professionals. The main risks associated with Cadmium are distributed through diverse medical contexts (although with different consensos) in neurology, cardiovascular system, reproduction/ obstetrics, pediatrics, nephrology, oncology, pulmonology, ophthalmology, gastrointestinal tract, endocrinology and orthopedics/ rheumatology. Methodology This scoping review used search engines as PubMed; Web of Science; Science Direct; Academic Search Complete; CINALH; MedLine; Database of Abstracts and Reviews; Central Register of Controlled Trials; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Nursing and Allied Health Collection; MedicLatina and RCAAP. Content or Results In this professional context, one document was found mentioning that in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries pigments associated with cadmium, although toxic, but still used today, were discovered; the most relevant are (in frequency and toxicity) yellow and red cadmium, used since 1820 and 1910, respectively. Another article emphasized that during the 19th century yellow pigments were created with cadmium sulphide, and this color also depended on the addition of elements such as zinc, selenium and barium. Discussion There is so little bibliography on Cadmium’s medical risks in Conservators-Restorers that the authors have chosen to include in this section some data regarding other professionals who may also contact with this agent. Among these, the artists who elaborate (or have elaborated in the past) works of art with pigments with Cadmium, may be the most adequate, although also on these the bibliography is very reduced. It is believed that famous painters were exposed, namely Rubens, Renoir, Duffy and Klee. Limitations The authors made efforts to make their research exhaustive but, once completed, they realized that they did not find relevant data on Cadmium dosing in Conservation and Restoration workplaces in general, nor did they indicate which techniques may be used or which are preferable, such as biological monitoring. No evaluation of the associated risk was found for this professionals. Collective or individual protection measures were not mentioned in the bibliography consulted (even in generic terms, let alone specifying models and/ or materials). Conclusions It has long been known that concrete and serious harm is associated with Cadmium. However, the Conservation and Restoration sector is still very little studied in the context of Occupational Health and the risks of eventual contact with Cadmium are no exception. It would be very pertinent to have motivated teams to study this sector and to fill some of the limitations found, not developed in the international literature.

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Kanade, K. G., Ranjit R. Hawaldar, Uttam Mulik, B. B. Kale i Dinesh Amalnerkar. "Synthesis of CdS Nanocrystallites in Polymer Matrix: Sui-Generis Approach". Solid State Phenomena 119 (styczeń 2007): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.119.21.

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We offer sui-generis strategy for synthesis of nanosized chalcogenide semiconductors in polymer matrix by a novel polymer-inorganic solid-state reaction. In our previous report, the rationale of this strategy has been successfully established by the solid-state reaction between CdI2 and an intentionally chosen engineering thermoplastic, namely, polyphenylene sulphide (PPS). In the pursuit of this work, we explored the possibility of using other cadmium salts viz cadmium nitrate, cadmium chloride and cadmium acetate in place of cadmium iodide for the envisaged solidstate reaction with PPS. All the reactions were carried out at the melting temperature of PPS (285oC) in 1:1 and 10:1 molar ratios of polymer to cadmium salt. The resultant products were characterised by XRD, TEM-SAED and DRS. It is observed that only cadmium nitrate yielded CdS nanocrystallites (average size of 15nm) entrapped in modified polymer matrix in a competing behaviour with cadmium iodide when reacted in 10:1 molar ratio while (i) cadmium acetate leads to the formation of only cadmium oxide and (ii) cadmium chloride exhibits grossly incomplete solid state reaction yielding understated quantity of CdS when reacted with PPS.

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