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Kim, Il Kyu. "Reconsideration on the C14 age dating period of the Bronze Age through the emergence time of the mandolin shaped bronze dagger". Yeongnam Archaeological Society, nr 80 (30.01.2018): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47417/yar.2018.80.45.
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According to the C14 age dating, it is thought that the Bronze Age begun from the B.C. 15th century and the lute shaped bronze dagger was brought into the Korean Peninsula in 1100B.C. The upper limit of the Songgukri Assemblage is also thought in B.C. 10th century. Examining the mandolin shaped dagger in Liaoxi area and sacrificial vessel, set the emergence time of this dagger and consider when this dagger appeared in the middle part of the Korean Peninsula. And make comparison between this result and the C14 age dating of the Bronze Age. As a result, this dagger was brought into the Korean Peninsula in Gangshang phase B.C. 7th century. The Songgukri Assemblage begun after the B.C 6th century. There are 400~500 years apart in time comparing with the C14 age dating. Scientific result based on probability and statistics is not absolute unlike mathematical result. Even though scientific rule exists, there are many variables in the process of proving, so various solutions should be proposed to prove according to the times. The result by the C14 age dating method is just though as the best method in present time. According as how improves the method of analysis, the result should be also changed. Therefore, the C14 age dating must be applied to archaeological chronology with discretion.
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Ohkouchi, Naohiko, Timothy I. Eglinton i John M. Hayes. "Radiocarbon Dating of Individual Fatty Acids as a Tool for Refining Antarctic Margin Sediment Chronologies". Radiocarbon 45, nr 1 (2003): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200032355.
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We have measured the radiocarbon contents of individual, solvent-extractable, short-chain (C14, C16, and C18) fatty acids isolated from Ross Sea surface sediments. The corresponding 14C ages are equivalent to that of the post-bomb dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) reservoir. Moreover, molecular 14C variations in surficial (upper 15 cm) sediments indicate that these compounds may prove useful for reconstructing chronologies of Antarctic margin sediments containing uncertain (and potentially variable) quantities of relict organic carbon. A preliminary molecular 14C chronology suggests that the accumulation rate of relict organic matter has not changed during the last 500 14C yr. The focus of this study is to determine the validity of compound-specific 14C analysis as a technique for reconstructing chronologies of Antarctic margin sediments.
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Tiplic, Ioan Marian, Corina Anca Simion, Oana Gaza, Tiberiu Bogdan Sava, Cristian Manailescu i Maria Valentina Ilie. "Radiocarbon Dating of Cremated bone samples from the Site of the Hungarian Church at Pauca, Sibiu County". PLURAL. History, Culture, Society 11, nr 2 (29.12.2023): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37710/plural.v11i2_4.
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Archaeological research in the site of Pauca - Hungarian Church started in 2010, and between 2012-2023 has uncovered over 116 graves, some being simple cremation graves with a deposit of remains in the urn, others being double graves (with two urns) and one being a mixed double grave (incineration and inhumation). The dating of the five samples from the cemetery would suggest that the beginnings of the Păuca cemetery is contemporary with the late Germanic period (Gepids) and the early Avar period. Admitting that it is more accurate to date closer to the upper limit of the range (7th century), the cemetery at Pauca could be connected with historical events that occurred between 567 and 630, i.e. the establishment and consolidation of Avar power in the Pannonian-Transylvanian space. The C14 dating of the cremated bones from the Păuca cemetery (Sibiu county) reopens the discussion on the need for more samples of C14 data from the cremation cemeteries attributed cemetery to the so-called Mediaș group and simultaneously may represent a turning point in the evaluation of the chronology of the period between 6th and 8th centuries A.D.
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Huttner, Eder, Bruno Candeias i Edison Huttner. "Iret Neferet: Mummy found in southern Brazil. Dating by C14, Radiographic and Histopathological". Clinical Oral Implants Research 31, S20 (październik 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/clr.13644.
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KERN, EMILY M. "Archaeology enters the ‘atomic age’: a short history of radiocarbon, 1946–1960". British Journal for the History of Science 53, nr 2 (13.03.2020): 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087420000011.
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AbstractToday, the most powerful research technique available for assigning chronometric age to human cultural objects is radiocarbon dating. Developed in the United States in the late 1940s by an alumnus of the Manhattan Project, radiocarbon dating measures the decay of the radioactive isotope carbon-14 (C14) in organic material, and calculates the time elapsed since the materials were removed from the life cycle. This paper traces the interdisciplinary collaboration between archaeology and radiochemistry that led to the successful development of radiocarbon dating in the early 1950s, following the movement of people and ideas from Willard Libby's Chicago radiocarbon laboratory to museums, universities and government labs in the United States, Australia, Denmark and New Zealand. I show how radiocarbon research built on existing technologies and networks in atomic chemistry and physics but was deeply shaped by its original private philanthropic funders and archaeologist users, and ultimately remained to the side of many contemporaneous Cold War scientific and military projects.
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Kalin, Robert M., i Austin Long. "Radiocarbon Data Base: Q&A—An Artificial Intelligence Data File Management Program". Radiocarbon 31, nr 1 (1989): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200044556.
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The “C14” data base, designed and implemented at the University of Arizona Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory, uses Q&A, an artificial intelligence data file management program. The data entered into this data base are easily retrievable and exportable for submission to RADIOCARBON, and to the International Radiocarbon Data Base (IRDB). The use of artificial intelligence allows both novice and experienced computer operators to search and retrieve data with few key strokes and normal English sentences.
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GROUMPOU, Maria, Pavlos AVRAMIDIS, George ILIOPOULOS, Helen PAPAEFTHYMIOU i Ioannis K. KOUKOUVELAS. "The krathis lake, one century of evolution." European Journal of Geography 12, nr 2 (13.10.2021): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.48088/ejg.m.gro.12.2.20.35.
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A riverbed swamp in the Krathis River, N. Peloponnese, is studied and analyzed geomorphologicaly. Our analysis is also based on sedimentological, geochemical, palaeontological and radiometric dating data which enabled the investigation of the possible relationship between the studied swamp and the 1913 Tsivlos landslide. Sedimentological analysis showed that the current sedimentation is dominated by fine grain material and occasional coarse-grained beds. Micropalaeontological analysis indicated that the deeper layers of the core are barren, while the upper ones contain fresh water ostracods suggesting hydrodynamically a progressively more stable environment. In accordance, radiocarbon C14 and 137Cs dating showed a progressively decreasing sedimentation rate over the last fifty years. The results of this study show that the Tsivlos landslide is not the only cause for the formation of the modern swamp. Tectonic movements in the area seem to play a decisive role causing uplift and subsidence in the area near an active fault.
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GROUMPOU, Maria, Pavlos AVRAMIDIS, George ILIOPOULOS, Helen PAPAEFTHYMIOU i Ioannis K. KOUKOUVELAS. "The krathis lake, one century of evolution." European Journal of Geography 12, nr 2 (13.10.2021): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.48088/ejg.m.gro.12.2.20.35.
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A riverbed swamp in the Krathis River, N. Peloponnese, is studied and analyzed geomorphologicaly. Our analysis is also based on sedimentological, geochemical, palaeontological and radiometric dating data which enabled the investigation of the possible relationship between the studied swamp and the 1913 Tsivlos landslide. Sedimentological analysis showed that the current sedimentation is dominated by fine grain material and occasional coarse-grained beds. Micropalaeontological analysis indicated that the deeper layers of the core are barren, while the upper ones contain fresh water ostracods suggesting hydrodynamically a progressively more stable environment. In accordance, radiocarbon C14 and 137Cs dating showed a progressively decreasing sedimentation rate over the last fifty years. The results of this study show that the Tsivlos landslide is not the only cause for the formation of the modern swamp. Tectonic movements in the area seem to play a decisive role causing uplift and subsidence in the area near an active fault.
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Guiqing, Chen, i Chen Junhao. "A Cheap New Geological Dating Method Developed from Ancient Shells Study". Energy and Earth Science 7, nr 1 (25.03.2024): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ees.v7n1p1.
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The vast majority of researchers on ancient shells are biologists, who are not familiar with X-ray diffractometers, etc. We are physical chemists who use X-ray diffraction to observe the changes in the crystal structure of ancient shells? Then use WDX electron probe to observe the changes in the microstructure of ancient shells. After discovering shells for a long time, calcite turned into aragonite, overturning the conclusion recorded in geological crystallographic books that aragonite’s structure and physical properties were unstable and would eventually transform into calcite. Unexpectedly discovered that the “Shuang chen Weathering Cave CC” of ancient shells has changed over time, it can be used as a new method for geological dating.The use of carbon 14 (C14) isotope geological dating method is quite expensive and lacks accuracy, causing many jokes. The “Shuang chen Weathering Cave CC” of ancient shells may be used as a new geological dating method, and it is quite cheap!
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Andrade, Ana C. S., José M. L. Dominguez, Louis Martin i Abílio C. S. P. Bittencourt. "Quaternary evolution of the Caravelas strandplain - Southern Bahia State - Brazil". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 75, nr 3 (wrzesień 2003): 357–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652003000300008.
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An evolutionary model is proposed for the Caravelas strandplain. The model encompasses integration of: (i) mapping of Quaternary deposits, (ii) cartography of beach-ridge alignments and their truncations, (iii) relative sea-level history, (iv) development history of the Abrolhos coral reefs, (v) vibra-coring and (vi) C14 dating of Quaternary deposits. Seven major evolutionary stages were identified. These stages show that the strandplain has had its Quaternary evolution strongly controlled by relative sea-level changes. In addition, the development of the Abrolhos coral reefs has also played an important role in dispersion and accumulation of sediments along the coastline, causing localized inversion in longshore sediment transport.
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Siregar, Darwin, i Kresna Tri Dewi. "ANALISIS PENTARIKHAN RADIOKARBON UNTUK PENENTUAN FLUKTUASI MUKA LAUT DI SEBELAH UTARA PULAU BANGKA". JURNAL GEOLOGI KELAUTAN 12, nr 3 (16.02.2016): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/jgk.12.3.2014.253.
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Salah satu metode penentuan umur absolut batuan, fosil, sedimen atau artefak adalah menggunakan pentarikhan radiokarbon (C14) dari material organik. Data umur tersebut dapat berguna untuk menunjang berbagai penelitian terkait dengan sejarah bumi dan kehidupan manusia. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk melacak fluktuasi muka laut berdasarkan data umur sedimen bawah dasar laut di sebelah utara Pulau Bangka. Hasil analisis pentarikhan radiokarbon terhadap tiga sampel sedimen menunjukkan dua umur yang berbeda. Sedimen dari bagian bawah (70-80 cm) dibawah dasar laut telah diperoleh umur 15.050± 60 SM dan 15.250 ±850 SM. Rentang waktu ini termasuk dalam segmen 2 pada saat laut naik sedang dari kedalaman -114 ke -96 m dari muka laut saat ini. Sedimen dari bagian atas (30 cm) telah diperoleh umur 6.500 ± 360 SM pada saat muka laut mendekati posisi sekarang. Studi ini memperlihatkan fluktuasi muka laut di wilayah lokal di sekitar Pulau Bangka.
Katakunci: pentarikhan karbon, muka laut, Pulau Bangka
One method for absolute dating of rocks, fossils, sediments or artefacts is by using radiocarbon dating (14C dating) of organic materials. This age data can be useful for supporting various researches related to the history of earth and human being. The purpose of this paper is to trace the sea level fluctuation based on subsurface sediments from northern part of Bangka Island. The radiocarbon dating from three sediment samples has resulted two different age. Sediments at the bottom part of the core (70-80 cm) below seafloor have been dated at 15.050 ± 60 BP and 15.250± 850 BP. It belongs to segment 2 when sea rose moderately from -114 to-96 m of the present-day sea level. The sediment at the upper part (30 cm) has been dated at 6.500 ± 360 BP when sea level as close as present-day position. This study shows sea level fluctuation in the local area off Bangka Island.
Keywords: radiocarbon dating, sea level, Bangka Island
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Vanhaverbeke, H., M. Waelkens, K. Vyncke, V. De Laet, S. Aydal, B. Mušič, B. De Cupere i in. "‘Pisidian’ culture? The Classical-Hellenistic site at Düzen Tepe near Sagalassus (southwest Turkey)". Anatolian Studies 60 (grudzień 2010): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066154600001046.
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AbstractIn 2005, during the annual ‘intensive’ archaeological survey in the peri-urban zone of Sagalassus (Pisidia, southwest Anatolia), the remains of an extensive Classical-Hellenistic settlement were identified at Düzen Tepe, 1.8km southwest of Sagalassus. The results of three seasons of site investigation (2005–2007), comprising archaeological and geophysical surveys, architectural and topographical mapping, test soundings, and archaeometric and environmental research, are presented here, together with a discussion of the settlement's most probable socio-economic background. According to the latest results of all excavated or sampled survey ceramic artefacts and AMS C14 dating of faunal remains, the (proto-)urban settlement at Düzen Tepe was inhabited during the fifth to second century BC. It is the first of its kind to shed light on the material culture of the ancient inhabitants of the region, the ‘Pisidians’.
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Montero-Ruiz, Ignacio, i Salvador Rovira-Llorens. "Early copper mining in the Iberian Peninsula: state of the art". Археология Евразийских степей, nr 2 (29.04.2022): 194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2022.2.194.205.
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The metallogenetic characteristics of the Iberian Peninsula are somewhat peculiar due to the availability of numerous small open-cast oxidic copper ore mineralisations exploited until recent times. Their study in relation to prehistoric metallurgy has a long tradition that is reflected in the archaeological literature. However, it is in recent decades that research has begun to provide precise data of great interest relating the geochemistry of the ores to archaeological metallurgical evidence by means of lead isotope analysis, all within the chronological framework provided by C14 dating of both mines and excavated prehistoric settlements. The data reported here present in an orderly fashion all available information covering the Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) and the Balearic Islands, but it should be noted that there are a number of mine excavation projects underway which will hopefully provide more information when completed.
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Somov, Anatoly Vladimirovich, i Anton Aleksandrovich Shalapinin. "The ratio of the Neolithic and Eneolithic complexes of the forest-steppe Volga region according to radiocarbon dating". Samara Journal of Science 8, nr 2 (1.04.2019): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201982219.
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The following paper provides a database of radiocarbon dating, which was obtained from the Srednevolzhskaya archaeological culture of the developed and late Neolithic, as well as on the Eneolithic materials of the forest-steppe Volga region. The key issue is the chronological ratio of the melon complexes, which is considered through the construction of graphs of the sums of calibrated radiocarbon dates. Verification of previously obtained definitions was carried out with the ratio of the absolute chronology of adjacent regions. As a result of definitions study for C14, the range of the Srednevolzhskaya Neolithic culture and the Eneolithic complexes coexistence was revealed, which begins with 5050 BC with a probability of 68,2% or 5250 BC with a probability of 95,4% and ends with 3900 BC (68,2%) or 4000 BC (95,4%). The results of radiocarbon dating confirm the genetic continuity between the Neolithic and Eneolithic complexes of the forest-steppe Volga region. In the light of data on the absolute chronology, the assumption of continuity between the Neolithic and Eneolithic can be extended to the basin of the Sok River, where there is a closure of a chronological range of comb Neolithic complexes and aneolithic materials of the Chekalinskiy type. The chronological interval of the late Neolithic ceramics partially coincides with the time of the existence of Tokskiy materials, as well as with the Gundorovskiy type and with an internal edge ceramics.
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Roascio, S. "THE SITE OF SAN CALOCERO DI ALBENGA (SV). AN INTER-DISCIPLINARY METHODOLOGICAL TRAINING GROUND". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11 (5.05.2019): 1011–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-1011-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This paper summarizes the results of the research on the site of San Calocero di Albenga where, in late antiquity, a martyrial sanctuary was built on the remains of a probable funerary enclosure of the late imperial era. This site is known since the first half of the twentieth century for the pioneering research of Nino Lamboglia both in the field of the first experiences of stratigraphic archaeology and for an embryonic reading of the walls. After further investigations by the <i>Soprintendenza della Liguria</i>, the archaeological complex has been the subject of new studies since 2014. At this moment, the Politecnico di Milano was involved in surveying activities, and extensive use of archaeometric investigations was made. In particular, the minero-petrographic analysis of the mortars and the C14 on the lime clumps allowed reaching new significant knowledge in the scanning of construction activities and their dating.</p>
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Tummuscheit, Astrid, i Frauke Witte. "The Danevirke: Preliminary Results of New Excavations (2010–2014) at the Defensive System in the German-Danish Borderland". Offa's Dyke Journal 1 (15.12.2019): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.23914/odj.v1i0.253.
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Between 2010 and 2014, the State Archaeological Department of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany jointly undertook excavation work with the Danish Museum Sønderjylland – Arkæologi Haderslev on the linear earthwork monument, the Danevirke. These transnational excavations have led to important new findings, which include the discovery of the site of a gateway, where major transport routes converged for at least five hundred years. Furthermore, newly gained C14-dates indicate that the second main building phase of the Danevirke dates to around AD 500. Therefore, the dating of the first beginnings of the earthwork must be pushed back in time, making the Danevirke more than 200 years older than previously thought. Additionally, dendrochronological dates show that around the year AD 1200 substantial building activities took place, which reveal the intention of developing the Danevirke further. A project is currently ongoing, which aims to publish the results of the 2010−2014 excavations. This article outlines the synopsis of those results and current working hypotheses.
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ΠΑΥΛΙΔΗΣ, Σ., Ι. ΚΟΥΚΟΥΒΕΛΑΣ, Λ. ΣΤΑΜΑΤΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ, Δ. ΑΓΡΑΦΙΩΤΗΣ, Γ. Α. ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΗΣ, Β. ΖΥΓΟΥΡΗ i Σ. ΣΜΠΟΡΑΣ. "Paleoseismological investigation of the eastern "segment" of the Heliki fault, Gulf of Corinth, Greece". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, nr 1 (1.01.2001): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17013.
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Paleoseismological analysis based on geological data enable us to understand the recent seismic history of the Eliki fault. Along the eastern "segment (or strand)" scarp 5 trenches have been excavated (8x5x2m), their walls were mapped in scale 1:20 and further analyzed by precise tectono-stratigraphic methodology. The Kerynitis river, which crosses the Eliki fault from S to Ν and supplies the alluvial plain, has subsided at a rate of 1.4 mm/ yr. The river was running from west to east, resulting the fluvial conglomerates in the trenches, which have buried under the colluvial sediments. Based on colluvium stratigraphy, displacement of distinct horizons, deposition of sedimentary layers and C14 dating, faulting events have been identified affecting unconsolidated sediments in the trench. The penultimate 373 BC event and the two younger events with a throw of 0.93 m and 1.37 m respectively, the third event, with a throw of 0.44 m, suggest a variable seismic history.
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Rodrigues, Felipe Barta, Michelle Rezende Duarte, Rosa Cristina Corrêa Luz de Souza, Abílio Soares-Gomes i Edson Pereira Silva. "Holocene crustaceans from the Tarioba shell mound, Rio das Ostras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil". Check List 12, nr 2 (28.03.2016): 1865. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.2.1865.
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Crustacean remains from the Tarioba shell mound (Sambaqui da Tarioba) archaeological site were investigated in order to produce a reference inventory of this taxonomic group. Information on past crustacean diversity is important for establishing baselines on biodiversity, as well as recovering paleoenvironmental information and comprehension of evolutionary change patterns for the Brazilian coast. The archaeological site was excavated by delayering the soil by artificial 10 cm sections which revealed five archaeological stratigraphic layers. A sample of mollusk shells for each of these layers was used for dating based on the C14 method. The results show an occupation period of 550 yr for the Tarioba shell mound, with dates ranging between 4,070 cal BP (beginning of occupation) and 3,520 cal BP (occupation ending) and record nine species of crustaceans from the shell mound. However, a reduction of biodiversity over time was found that was not statically significant. Therefore, it seems that patterns of composition, richness and distribution of crustaceans have been stable in the last 4,070 years BP.
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Hall, J., i Peter Hiscock. "Platypus Rockshelter (KBA:70), S.E. Queensland: chronological changes in site use". Queensland Archaeological Research 5 (1.01.1988): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.5.1988.159.
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Platypus Rockshelter is a multicomponent archaeological site set into a conglomerate cliff on the Brisbane River near Fernvale, S.E. Queensland. Excavation revealed seven stratigraphic units in the smaller of two weathered cavities and these date from some 300 BP to younger than 540 BP. An abundance of bone, freshwater mussel shell, charcoal and a lesser amount of other organic material (e.g. feathers, hair, plants) was found associated with numerous stone artefacts. This good organic preservation, when linked with an internally consistent C14 dating series, a model of site formation and an initial understanding of site disturbance processes, makes it feasible to investigate variability in prehistoric human use of Platypus Rockshelter. Details concerning the site's complex stratigraphy, dating and site formation are the focus of a separate paper in this issue of QAR (Hall et al 1988). In accordance with the aims of the Moreton Region Archaeological Project - Stage II (Hall and Hiscock 1988), this companion paper presents data on the assemblage content and discard patterns in order to discuss changing site use during the Holocene. In particular we raise the issue of how the changing morphology of the shelter may have influenced the temporal pattern of cultural discard and follow with a discussion of how the nature of assemblages may be employed to tease out some factors relating to temporal changes in site use. We also offer the caveat that changes in the discard rate of cultural material through time do not necessarily reflect shifts in "occupational intensity".
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Goede, A., i J. L. Bada. "Electron spin resonance dating of Quaternary bone material from Tasmanian caves—A comparison with ages determined by aspartic acid racemization and C14". Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 32, nr 2 (czerwiec 1985): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120098508729321.
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TUTKUN, Z., i S. PAVLIDES. "Small scale contractional-extensional structures and morphotectonics along the fault traces of Izmit-Cocaeli (Turkey) 1999 earthquake". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, nr 1 (1.01.2001): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17033.
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The Mw=7.4 Izmit (Kocaeli) earthquake of August 17, 1999 (Turkey) ruptured 100 km at least surface faults on land along the northwestern branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ). Although the preexisting structures of NAFZ has been divided into segments, showing stepover and pull apart geometry, the earthquake ruptures are generally linear, E-W striking (N80°-100°), right-lateral. In small scale and on the recent sediments they show very typical strike-slip displacements (2 to 5m), pop-ups and pressure ridges (N 40- 70°), Ρ (N80°), R (N100-1100) and R' (~N350°) Riedel shears, extensional cracks (N115°-135°), restraining and releasing bends and small pull apart structures. In the epicentral area (Gölcük-Tepetarla) the seismic ruptures did not follow any known or previously mapped fault, but the morphology and the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) show typical and recognizable paleo-earthquake features. That is elongated valleys, shutter ridges, high angle slopes, scarplets, stream offset; while trenching tectonostratigraphy indicate palaeo sag-ponds (clayly deposits) and palaeo liquefaction (C14 dating-Holocene-historical deposits 200 to 11,000 yr. BP).
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Birch, William D., Dermot A. Henry i Andrew G. Tomkins. "Maryborough, a new H5 meteorite find from Victoria, Australia". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 131, nr 1 (2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs19002.
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The Maryborough meteorite is a new H5 ordinary chondrite discovered about 2 km south of Maryborough, Victoria, in May 2015. It is a single stone measuring approximately 39 × 14 × 14 cm and with a mass of 17 kg. Plentiful indistinct chondrules are up to 1 mm across in a strongly recrystallised plagioclase-bearing matrix. Olivine and orthopyroxene in both the matrix and chondrules are uniform in composition (Fo80.1Fa19.3Te0.5Ca-ol0.04 and En81.5Fs17.1Wo1.5 respectively).The main metallic phases present are kamacite, taenite and tetrataenite, often forming composite grains with troilite. There is no evidence for any shock-inducing event and the meteorite shows incipient weathering in the form of thin iron-oxide mantles around the Fe–Ni grains. A terrestrial age of less than 1000 years is estimated from C14 dating. While there are a number of historic reported meteor sightings in the Maryborough district, none can be tied to the meteorite’s find site. To date, Maryborough is the third H5 ordinary chondrite and the second largest single chondritic mass, after Kulnine (55 kg), found in Victoria.
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Derevianko, A. P., A. V. Kandyba i A. M. Chekha. "Paleoecology of Con Moong Cave (Northern Vietnam)". Archaeology and Ethnography 18, nr 5 (2019): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2019-18-5-64-68.
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Purpose. The study of the Paleolithic in Vietnam was undertaken by French geologists in the early 20th century. During the first quarter of the century, they studied Neolithic cultures of Hoa Binh and Bac Son. In the 1960s, the study of the Paleolithic was conducted by Vietnamese archaeologists. They discovered a more ancient culture of the late Paleolithic, the Son Vi (or Sonvian) Culture. Despite the discoveries made, the issues of the origin of these cultures, their development and continuity are still disputable. In this respect, excavating Con Moong Cave in the central province of Thanh Hoa, which is a multilayer cave and a unique archaeological complex belonging to the era of the final Pleistocene – early Holocene, provides us with the most valuable material on the development of ancient Vietnamese. Results. According to the results of excavations, as well as subsequent studies of the Russian-Vietnamese expedition in 2010–2014, there were three main cultural and chronological periods identified in the cave. The deposits reflecting the earliest period, such as choppers and animal bones with traces of processing, belong to the Son Vi culture and date back to the Paleolithic time. C14-dates obtained from several shells indicate the period from 11 000 to 15 300 years ago. The second cultural unit contains almond-shaped and disc-shaped Sumatra-type tools, short and long axes, bone tips and scraped shells, which are characteristic of the Hoa Binh culture. This layer contains graves with stone tools, oyster shells and ochre and is dated 9 300 to 12 000 years ago. The deposits of the third cultural layer contain stone tools typical for the late paleolitic Hoabinhian and early neolitic Bacsonian sites. C14-dates from the third cultural period belong to the range from 8 500 to 9 200 years ago. Along with the radiocarbon dating method used, palynological analysis, fauna remains analysis and analysis of the anthropological material were carried out. Conclusion. Based on C14 dates, it is assumed that the residents Con Moong cave lived there for 8 000 years, from 16 000 to 8 000 years ago. At the moment, the earliest deposits found are artifacts of the Son Vi culture, which belongs to the upper Paleolithic period. They are followed by the materials of the early Hoabinhian and Bacsonian cultures.
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Wammer, Elling Utvik, Anja Mansrud, Pål Nymoen i Frode Kvalø. "Mistet på sjøen? En nyoppdaget fiskekrok fra steinalderen i Søgne, Vest-Agder." Primitive Tider, nr 21 (16.12.2019): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/pt.7534.
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The starting point for the present paper is a recent discovery of a well-preserved bone or antler fishhook, which turned up in a test pit during an underwater survey outside Tømmervigodden in Søgne, southernmost Norway. The hook is the third archaeological bone find from submarine context in Søgne. Tømmervigodden is located two kilometers away from Hummervikholmen, a submarine site known for revealing the oldest human remains from Norway, dated to the Middle Mesolithic (c. 8300-6300 cal. BC). Furthermore, a harpoon has been found in Lundeelva, approx. eight kilometers inland to the northeast. These finds demonstrate the extraordinary conditions for preservation of organic remains in the area. This article present the artefact and we discuss the issue of dating and deposition based on typology, context, and shoreline displacement curves. How old is the fishhook? How did it end up in the sea, and why is it so well preserved? The site is located in one of three areas along the Norwegian coast with potential for transgressed Mesolithic sites. The sea levels has fluctuated in Vest-Agder since the end of the Ice Age, and the sea has periodically been both higher and lower than today.The location close to Hummervikholmen and another Mesolithic site located on dry land at Tømmervigodden, initially suggested a Mesolithic date. However, the form of the fishhook, with a barb and elongated knob for attachment of the line, differs considerably from well-dated Mesolithic fishhooks in the region. The newly discovered fishhook has a distinct barb, an attribute previously considered a Neolithic trait. A precise dating would be crucial, but the closest typological parallels are undated stray-finds and C14-analysis would have destroyed the small object. Hence, dating of the hook requires a new assessment of the typology and chronology of the Stone Age fishhooks. Based on chronological and regional comparisons, we argue for a Middle Neolithic date of the fishhook from Søgne. Based on current knowledge of the local shoreline displacement curve and the formation processes influencing the seabed, we further suggest that the fishhook was lost at sea during fishing, when the sea level was at least five meters above present.
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Hanzalová, K., i K. Pavelka. "Documentation and virtual reconstruction of historical objects in Peru damaged by an earthquake and climatic events". Advances in Geosciences 35 (3.07.2013): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-35-67-2013.
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Abstract. This paper deals with the possibilities of creating a 3-D model and a visualization technique for a presentation of historical buildings and sites in Peru. The project Nasca/CTU is documenting historical objects by using several techniques. This paper describes the documentation and the visualization of two historical churches (San Jose and San Xavier Churches) and the pre-Hispanic archaeological site La Ciudad Perdida de Huayuri (Abandoned town near Huayuri) in Nasca region by using photogrammetry and remote sensing. Both churches were damaged by an earthquake. We use different process for the documentation of these objects. Firstly, PhotoModeler software was used for the photogrammetric data processing of the acquired images. The subsequent making models of both churches were different too. Google SketchUp software was used for the San Jose Church and the 3-D model of San Xavier Church was created in MicroStation software. While in the modelling of the "Abandoned town" near Huayuri, which was destroyed by a climatic event (El Niño), the terrestrial photogrammetry, satellite data and GNSS measurement were applied. The general output of the project is a thematic map of this archaeological site; C14 method was used for dating.
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Otcherednoy, Aleksander, Stanislav Remizov, Ksenia Stepanova, Maxim Eltsov, Ekaterina Voskresenskaya, Leonid Vishnyatsky, Pavel Nehoroshev, Egor Bloсhin, Vadim Titov i Aleksander Kolesnik. "Middle Paleolithic Site Sukhaya Mechёtka: the Renewal of Complex Investigations". Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik, nr 1 (lipiec 2020): 230–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2020.1.13.
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The Sukhaya Mechёtka site, located on the northern outskirts of Volgograd, has attracted the attention of Paleolithic researchers since its discovery in 1951 by geologists A.I.Koptev and M.N. Grishchenko. The materials of the site - a collection of stone products currently kept at the MAE RAS, and chronostratigraphic information – can be considered as perfect by standards of open Paleolithic complexes. To a large extent, the site acquired such a significance due to the presence of the only one perfectly preserved cultural layer, which lies in clear stratigraphic conditions. Being densely overlapped with thick deposits, the site was preserved so well that it remained unaffected by the turbulent natural processes of the last glacial-interglacial macrocycle. Single-layer sites usually have a disadvantage comparing to multi-layer complexes in terms of the importance level of the tasks solved with their help. But the Sukhaya Mechёtka favorably differs from other sites by the measure of cultural layer being studied in the field and the potential for further studies. The stone assemblage and field documentation archives created by M.Z. Panichkina and S.N. Zamyatnin show a picture of the life of Middle Paleolithic hunters settlement taken at limited time interval. It is confirmed by preliminary results of planigraphic and technological analyzes performed with use of refitting. Sukhaya Mechёtka is a practically intact echo of an individual Neanderthal community’s life, as far as it’s possible for archaeological material of this age. However, the matter of the site’s chronology, and the time period of Sukhaya Mechёtka layer formation being determined in particular, are not completely resolved. The representations of the middle of the last century based on geological observations (Mikulino) need to be verified. The C14 dating method showed obviously an inadequately young age. OSL dating results are expected to be gained in the future.
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Thacker, Mark. "Castle Camus, Isle of Skye". Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 149 (16.11.2020): 277–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/psas.149.1298.
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A study of Castle Camus is presented from the pilot phase of the Scottish Medieval Castles and Chapels C14 Project (SMCCCP). The study highlights various challenges faced by investigators seeking to interpret medieval sites where contemporary documentary evidence is late and the physical upstanding remains are fragmentary. Informed by a wider programme of buildings and materials analysis, the paper presents the first independent dating evidence relating to the construction of Castle Camus, through radiocarbon analysis of an assemblage of wood-charcoal Mortar-Entrapped Relict Limekiln Fuel (MERLF) fragments. This data is consistent with later traditions, reporting that a MacLeod clan chieftain died at the castle site in the very early 15th century, and suggests Castle Camus was the formal administrative centre of the lordship of Sleat throughout the later medieval period. Bayesian techniques are used to correlate these different types of evidence and generate an estimate for the constructional chronology of the earliest upstanding structure. The study suggests that construction of the south-east range at Castle Camus was completed in 1280–1330 cal AD (74.2% probability) or 1365–1400 cal AD (21.2% probability). Further discussion highlights the landscape context of the castle site; with a focus on woodland resources and socially constructed boundaries.
View supplementary material here
Canmore ID 11544
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Hinz, Martin, i Caroline Heitz. "Unsupervised Classification of Neolithic Pottery From the Northern Alpine Space Using t-SNE and HDBSCAN". Open Archaeology 8, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 1183–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2022-0274.
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Abstract Terms of “Neolithic cultures” are still used to describe spatial and temporal differences in pottery styles across central Europe. These terms date back to research periods when absolute dating methods were lacking and typological classification was used to establish chronologies. Those terms are charged with problematic, biasing notions of social configurations: cultural homogeneity, spatial boundedness, and immobility. In this article, we present an alternative approach to pottery classification by using ceramics from dendrochronologically and C14-dated sites of the 40th–38th c. BC located in the northern Alpine Foreland. The newly developed methodology uses a computational unsupervised classification based on profile shape and additional nominal characteristics using t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding and Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise for cluster analyses. Its role in our project was to provide a quantitative, algorithm-based approach to classify large datasets of pottery while simultaneously account for a large number of variables. This enabled us to find similarity structures that would escape human cognitive capacities on which typological classification is based on. It formed one pilar of a mixed method research approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods of pottery classification. Our results show that the premises of cultural homogeneity are untenable but can be methodologically overcome by using the proposed classification approaches.
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Szabó, Jósef, i Eniko Félegyhazi. "Problems of landslide chronology in the Mátra mountains in Hungary". E&G Quaternary Science Journal 47, nr 1 (1.01.1997): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3285/eg.47.1.08.
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Abstract. A detailed survey and mapping o f the landslide processes and surface forms in the volcanic middle mountains of Hungary formed in the Middle and Late Miocene was carried out in the past decade. As a result of investigations it can be stated that their occurrence is mainly confined to the areas as follows: a) marginal zones of volcanic mountains, b) steep inner slopes of the former calderas of eruption, c) valley slopes cut into stratovolcanic Structures. In their characteristic regions of occurrence landslide forms are important, in some places even determinant components of morphology. The overwhelming majority of the landforms are no more active and can be considered fossilised. Consequently, landslide processes used to play a significant role in forming slope morphology in previous stages o f geomorphic evolution. Research performed heretofore has provided only rather ambiguous answer to the question concerning the time of emergence of landslides on a theoretical basis. Due to the absence of young sediments traditional stratigraphic methods could not yield satisfactory results. The authors therefore attempted to determine the time of the upfilling of lakes or bogs located in undrained depressions clammed by slides and the minimum age of the landslides through the analyses of borehole samples. In the Mátra sediments upfilling of 7 such depressions were carried out. In several cases pollen diagrams were obtained and in two boreholes radiocarbon dating of samples were performed. The paper summarises the results of the borehole analyses and evaluates pollen records supported by C14 dating in detail. Analyses performed using various methods indicate a beginning of the bog formation in the Early Holocene, consequently landslides occurred presumably in the wake of the Preboreal or prior to that in a warm spell following the Late Glacial. Although these results cannot be extrapolated to all the landslides identified in the two mountains (their number is ca. 20) without more ado nevertheless they are orientating.
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Ryzner, Kamila, i Piotr Owczarek. "Outline of the development of research on the impact of Neolithic settlements on the transformation on loess landscapes in southern Poland". Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 8, nr 2 (1.06.2020): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2020-0010.
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AbstractDuring the last few decades, many case studies have focused on landscape transformations in response to water erosion, human impact, and climate changes. This article presents a review and comparison of the current state of knowledge on conducted research on the impact of the activities of early humans on the relief and forms of loess areas in Poland based on the results of a variety of dating methods (OSL, TL, C14, 137Cs, palynology, dendrochronology etc.). The influence of land-use activity since the first permanent settlements (8,000–5,200 BP) played a major role in the development of certain sand sediment terrain forms: gullies, river terraces, the filling of isolated depressions and alluvial fans in the loess areas. As a result, a simplified scheme of landscape evolution was created along with a map of the most investigated areas by authors. The main problem was to differentiate the influence of anthropogenic factors from natural ones occurring either simultaneously or alternatively. The developed deposits form a geo-archive which has recorded the history of environmental changes. A detailed analysis of the sedimentary structures provides the possibility to reconstruct and understand past functional responses in natural systems. It is important to consider the impact of climate change and human influence over the course of history on a specific geomorphological system. This can help to predict future land changes and likely hazards.
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V., Bobrov, Ermolenko L., Marochkin A., Shcherbakova A. i Yurakova A. "EARLY MIDDLE AGES DWELLING ON THE POMORTSEVO-2 SETTLEMENT (KUZNETSK HOLLOW)". Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 35, nr 4 (2023): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2023)35(4).-02.
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The article deals the results of the Pomortsevo-2 settlement excavations on the left bank part of the river Inya basin in the south-east of Kuznetsk hollow (the Belovo municipal district). One of the results of the field work is a dwelling with fragments of burnt construction containing 2 archaeologically complete Early Middle Ages vessels. A reconstruction of a dwelling was done which was a not deep pit of a rectangular shape with a light framed conical or multi-angular roof and a specially fitted entrance. As for cultural and chronological attribution, the assemblage is attributed to an early stage of the Upper Ob region archaeological culture and dated with 5th — Late 6th / Early 7th centuries. The chronology has been proved with C14 dating of a sample from a charcoal. In terms of theoretical method, it shows the specifics of late dwellings in ancient settlements with compressed archaeological layer. The urgency of the research comes from a lack of knowledge about the settlements of the second half of the I millinery AD on the territory of Kuznetsk hollow; uncertain cultural attribution of the early assemblages of the Middle Ages in forest-steppe Ob region. At present time, Pomortsevo-2 settlement is still a sole settlement which can be for sure associated with the early stage of the Upper Ob region culture, probably, its Kuznetsk variant.
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Teslenko, D. L., E. Kaiser i V. M. Shalobudov. "KURGAN SITES IN THE SAMARA RIVER BASIN: RESULTS OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH". Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 46, nr 1 (27.06.2023): 146–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2023.01.08.
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Four barrows (kurgans) were excavated in the basin of the river Samara in 2007—2008. Kurgan 1 near the village of Peschanka was located in its lower course. Three kurgans were situated near the mine «Stepova» in the middle course of Samara. Fifteen burials were discovered in the barrow 1 near the village of Peschanka. Three of them, graves 6, 7, 14 appear to be the earliest, exhibiting male burials and dating to the 38th to the 36th centuries BC (Eneolithic). The first burial mound was erected above these burials. Another two Eneolithic graves with skeletons of children were dug into the first kurgan. The construction of the Copper Age kurgan was completed after these two graves by digging a ditch around the mound.
Among the four burials of the Yamna culture grave 15 was the oldest. However, its radiocarbon date 3626—3106 cal BC seems to be very early and is therefore debatable. But analyses of stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon do not indicate a diet which might have caused a reservoir effect. The radiocarbon dates obtained for other burials in this kurgan correspond quite well with the relative chronology.
The graves 10 and 11 date to the Yamna culture as well, but show characteristics in the funeral rites of its final phase. The calibrated time spans fall into the interval of 27—24 centuries cal BC. They coincide with the absolute dating of the Early Catacomb culture.
C14-dates were also obtained for the catacomb graves 4 and 12. They agree well with the absolute and relative chronology of the developed phase of the Catacomb culture.
The earliest kurgan (barrow 4) near the mine «Stepova» was built above the destroyed burials of the Eneolithic. In all three kurgans graves of the earliest phase of the Yamna culture were found. Interestingly, the identical organization of the space under and in the barrows and the very similar of details of the funeral rites indicate that all three barrows form a single burial complex. Probably, all graves were erected according to the same canonical norms during a relatively short time period. Most likely a single community used and formed these Early Bronze Age barrows. Unfortunately, the absence of radiocarbon dating makes it impossible to verify this hypothesis.
The burials of the Catacomb culture discovered in the kurgans near the mine «Stepova» exhibit features of different phases and demonstrate the influence of various regions.
The grave of a Kipčak warrior appears to be the most recent burial in kurgan 4 and dates to the time of the Golden Horde.
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Usera, Juan. "RECENSIÓN. Preusser, F. Hajdas, I. & Ivy-Ochs. S. (eds.) 2008. Recent progress in Quaternary dating methods. E & G Quaternary Science Journal, 252 pp." Spanish Journal of Palaeontology 24, nr 1 (12.02.2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/sjp.24.1.20347.
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La datación de los materiales cuaternarios ha sido, desde siempre, uno de los principales problemas con los que se han encontrado los investigadores que trabajan en esta Época o Sistema. Esto es verificable por los numerosos trabajos dedicados a precisar la edad de los afloramientos mediante estudios isotópicos, Luminiscencia, Racemización de aminoácidos, reacciones inducidas por la radiación cósmica, Paleomagnetismo, ESR (Electron Spin Resonance), etc.
Los trabajos editados por Preusser et al. (2008) recogen una parte importante de los métodos más recientes utilizados en la datación de los materiales cuaternarios. Algunos son bien conocidos como las dataciones por isótopos del Carbono, como el C14, o del U234/Th230. Otros métodos de datación de materiales cuaternarios no son tan conocidos, como la utilización de la EMF (Earth’s Magnetic Field. Así mismo, se tratan las dataciones por Luminiscencia. El trabajo continúa con un análisis de los resultados de las dataciones basadas en las señales de ESR, en cuarzos sometidos a diferentes situaciones ambientales. Otro de los procedimientos expuestos en este número especial de E & G Quaternary Science Revue, son las dataciones a partir de nuclidos cosmogénicos. Por último, hay que tener en cuenta, que la mayor parte de las propuestas de estos procedimientos de datación se hacen aplicables sobre todo a materiales continentales: depósitos fluviales, glaciares, eólicos y también yacimientos arqueológicos, aunque hay referencias a lo largo de los trabajos a su aplicación con éxito a materiales de origen marino.
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Stefano Branca, Francesco Privitera, Orazio Palio i Maria Turco. "Prehistoric human presence on Mount Etna (Sicily), in relation to the geological evolution". Annals of Geophysics 64, nr 5 (13.12.2021): VO542. http://dx.doi.org/10.4401/ag-8667.
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This study analyses the relationship between the pre- and protohistoric sites on the slopes of Etna and the volcanic products, as well as the diverse settlement strategies in the different periods of prehistory. New C14 dating from significant excavations, in addition to those known from other Etnean sites, were performed with the aim of validating the chronology of the sequence of the different phases. A substantial concordance of the archaeological data with the volcanological ones has been found. It has been observed that a consistent human presence on Etna appears from the Middle Neolithic (5500 BC), after the sequence of eruptive events that marked the end of the Ellittico volcano (13550 - 13050 BC) and the formation of the Valle del Bove, and the subsequent debris and alluvial events on the eastern flanks of the volcano (7250 - 3350 BC). Human presence intensifies between the Late-Final Copper Age and the Early Bronze Age (2800 - 1450 BC), due to improvement in subsistence techniques and to the large presence of soils on lava flows suitable for sheep farming. The most recent phases of the Bronze Age are poorly represented, probably because of the concentration of the population in larger agglomerations (Montevergine and S. Paolillo at Catania, the Historical Hill at Paternò). The explosive eruptions taking place in this period seem to have had less impact on the settlement choices and have not affected the development of the sites over time.
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Romanescu, Gheorghe, Denes Lóczy, József Dezső i Donatella Carboni. "Loess-Scape in the Dobrudja Plateau (Romania). Landforms and Updated Typology". Present Environment and Sustainable Development 12, nr 1 (1.06.2018): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pesd-2018-0008.
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Abstract The study of loess and loess-like deposits in Romania has developed considerably, over the years. C14 dating determined that the last three glaciations (Mindel, Riss, Würm) and, at least, two interglacial periods were recorded in the Dobrudja Plateau. Five other paleosol layers indicate the succession of the Quaternary interglacial stations. The loess of Dobrudja, is about 50 m in thickness. The term loess-scape is comprised of all the processes and forms specific to these deposits, which create a unique landscape, with local peculiarities. Natural and anthropic conditions created loessoid microforms (clastokarst) specific to the Dobrudja Plateau. The friability of loess-like deposits, the heavy rains, the lack of vegetation, the existence of a steep slope and of a low basic level, led to the development of a marginal (border) clastokarst on the western and northern side of the plateau (on the right of Danube bank). The aim of this study is to rename the microforms specific to loess-like deposits and to highlight new ones: solution clastic dolines, collapse clastic dolines, clastic resurgences (intermittent karst springs), piping clastic glacis, collapse clastic glacis, proluvial clastic glacis, clastic micro-waterfalls with clastic micro-cauldrons, clastokarstic curtains (drapes), and so on. Consequently, the loess-scape in the Dobrudja Plateau is distinct, just like the karstic, volcanic, glacial landscape, and so on. New clastokarstic microforms were highlighted and efforts were made to establish a proper terminology.
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Strelin, Jorge A., i Eduardo C. Malagnino. "Late-Glacial History of Lago Argentino, Argentina, and Age of the Puerto Bandera Moraines". Quaternary Research 54, nr 3 (listopad 2000): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2000.2178.
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In the west-central part of Lago Argentino, the Puerto Bandera moraines are clearly detached from longer, more prominent moraines of the last glaciation and from shorter and smaller Neoglacial moraines. Scientists have long speculated about the age of the Puerto Bandera moraines. Detailed geomorphologic studies in the western area of Lago Argentino, including stratigraphic profiles at Bahı́a del Quemado in the northern branch (Brazo Norte), indicate that the Puerto Bandera moraines were deposited by three pulses of ice. Each of the three pulses is represented by single moraine ridges and belts of tightly arranged ridges. The timing of the three glacier advances was established by radiocarbon dating, including data published by John Mercer. The oldest moraine system, formed during the Puerto Bandera I substade, was deposited ca. 13,000 14C yr B.P. Moraines of the Puerto Bandera II substade were deposited ca. 11,000 14C yr B.P. The youngest moraine system was deposited during a minor readvance, shortly before 10,390 C14 yr B.P., and thus appears to have occurred some time during the European Younger Dryas interval. After this third substade, the ice tongues retreated into the interior branches of Lago Argentino and have remained there since. Evidence found at Bahı́a del Quemado, together with data provided by other authors, attests to a significant climatic change by the middle Holocene, which we believe occurred during the Herminita advance, the first Holocene glacial readvance recognized within the area.
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AKW, Bernadeta. "SITUS-SITUS MEGALITIK DI KABUPATEN BONE: KAJIAN SEBARAN DAN KRONOLOGI". JURNAL WALENNAE 16, nr 2 (1.12.2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/wln.v16i2.347.
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Megalithic culture research at Labuaja Site, Kahu sub-district and other sites in Bone Regency aims to determine the distribution and chronology. This research doing by survey and excavation techniques. Archaeological data found from megalithic sites in Bone Regency are presented in descriptive analysis. In addition, C14 analysis was also carried out with charcoal in Beta Analytic Inc. Miami, Florida, USA to find out its absolute date. The results showed that megalithic sites in Bone had a fairly even distribution and occupy the slope to hilltops with a height of 28 - 218 meters above sea level. The results of radiocarbon dating indicate that the age of the site and megalithic culture in Labuaja, Bone ranges from 400 - 190 BP (around the 15th-17th century AD). Based on that date, the megalithic culture in Labuaja began in the golden age of the kingdom of Bone. Megalithic culture in Bone has associations with natural resources such as rivers and rice fields which are very supportive in the activities of human life that depend on agricultural resources. With the exploitation of agricultural resources, thus produce the social system and ideology adopted by the people who reach the Islamic period. Penelitian kebudayaan megalitik pada situs Labuaja, Kecamatan Kahu dan situs-situs yang lainnya di Kabupaten Bone bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran dan menentukan kronologinya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik survei dan ekskavasi. Data arkeologis yang ditemukan dari situs situs megalitik di Kabupaten Bone disajikan dalam bentuk deskriptif analisis. Selain itu, dilakukan pula analisis C14 dengan bahan arang di Beta Analytic Inc Miami Florida, USA untuk mengetahui pertanggalan absolutnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa situs-situs megalitik di Bone memiliki sebaran yang cukup merata dan menempati wilayah lereng hingga puncak bukit dengan ketinggian antara 28 – 218 meter di atas permukaan laut. Hasil pertanggalan radiokarbon menunjukkan bahwa umur situs dan kebudayaan megalitik di Labuaja, Bone berkisar antara 400 – 190 BP (sekitar abad ke-15–17 Masehi). Berdasarkan pertanggalan tersebut, kebudayaan megalitik di Labuaja berawal pada zaman keemasan kerajaan Bone. Kebudayaan megalitik di Bone memiliki asosiasi dengan sumber-sumber alam seperti sungai dan persawahan yang sangat menunjang dalam aktivitas kehidupan manusia yang bergantung pada sumber sumber pertanian. Dengan kegiatan eksploitasi sumber pertanian, sehingga melahirkan sistem sosial dan ideologi yang dianut oleh masyarakat yang menjangkau periode Islam.
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Hasanuddin, NFN. "SITUS NEOLITIK MALLAWA MAROS, SULAWESI SELATAN (Suatu Hasil Analisis Keterkaitan antara Artefak dengan Sumber Daya Lingkungan) Neolithic Site at Mallawa Maros of South Sulawesi [A Result of Relevancy Analysis Between The Artefacts and The Environment Resources]". Jurnal Penelitian Arkeologi Papua dan Papua Barat 9, nr 1 (30.05.2018): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/papua.v9i1.205.
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The Mallawa is an open site located in the eastern part of Maros, South Sulawesi. The topography of Mallawa site is wavy and took place in a hilly area. Dating of the site using C14 Analysis showed that the site is about 3550 ±130 BP and 2710 ±170 BP and 2281± 46 BP. The point of this site, besides of its plenty artifacts that signifying occupied-densely site of some hills, the site is also located nearby caves of Maros. From the perspective of periodization, Mallawa site relatively younger compared to occupancy period in Maros caves. It is likely to say that the occupancy of Mallawa cave is the further stage in development of past life that characterized by its material culture remains. Several pottery findings possesses various of interesting forms and ornaments. In this research has also found several interesting findings such as pottery fragments, beads and stone artifacts. The excavation brings out more findings then the surficial findings. Through XRD analysis, SEM and also, XRF of the pottery and soil sample shows that Mallawa pottery were made and produced by the Mallawa themselves and the people surrounding based on the fact that the pottery contains the same mineral with the soil that surrounding this site. ABSTRAKMallawa adalah situs terbuka yang terletak di bagian timur Maros, Sulawesi Selatan. Topografi situs Mallawa bergelombang dan terletak di daerah perbukitan. Pertanggalan situs dengan menggunakan Analisis C14 menunjukkan bahwa situs ini berumur sekitar 3550 ± 130 BP dan 2710 ± 170 BP dan 2281 ± 46 BP. Bagian penting dari situs ini, selain dari temuan artefak yang menandakan tempat berpenduduk padat di beberapa bukit, situs ini juga terletak di dekat gua-gua Maros. Dari segi periodisasi, situs Mallawa relatif lebih muda dibandingkan dengan masa hunian di gua Maros. Kemungkinan besar dikatakan bahwa hunian situs Mallawa merupakan tahap lanjutan dalam pengembangan kehidupan lampau yang ditandai oleh budaya materialnya. Beberapa temuan gerabah memiliki berbagai bentuk dan ornamen yang menarik. Dalam penelitian ini juga ditemukan beberapa temuan menarik seperti fragmen gerabah, manik-manik dan artefak batu. Penggalian tersebut menghasilkan lebih banyak temuan. Melalui analisis XRD, SEM dan juga, XRF dari gerabah dan sampel tanah menunjukkan bahwa gerabah Mallawa dibuat dan diproduksi di Mallawa sendiri berdasarkan fakta bahwa gerabah mengandung mineral yang sama dengan tanah di sekitar lokasi ini.
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Benjelloun, Yacine, Julia de Sigoyer, Hélène Dessales, Laurent Baillet, Philippe Guéguen i Mustafa Sahin. "Historical Earthquake Scenarios for the Middle Strand of the North Anatolian Fault Deduced from Archeo-Damage Inventory and Building Deformation Modeling". Seismological Research Letters 92, nr 1 (18.11.2020): 583–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200278.
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Abstract The city of İznik (ancient Nicaea), located on the middle strand of the North Anatolian fault zone (MNAF), presents outstanding archeological monuments preserved from the Roman and Ottoman periods (first to fifteenth centuries A.D.), bearing deformations that can be linked to past seismic shaking. To constrain the date and intensity of these historical earthquakes, a systematic survey of earthquake archeological effects (EAEs) is carried out on the city’s damaged buildings. Each of the 235 EAEs found is given a quality ranking, and the corresponding damage is classified according to the European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98). We show that the walls oriented north–south were preferentially damaged, and that most deformations are perpendicular to the walls’ axes. The date of postseismic repairs is constrained with available archeological data and new C14 dating of mortar charcoals. Three damage episodes are evidenced: (1) between the sixth and late eighth centuries, (2) between the nineth and late eleventh centuries A.D., and (3) after the late fourteenth century A.D. The repartition of damage as a function of building vulnerability points toward a global intensity VIII on the EMS-98. The 3D modeling of a deformed Roman obelisk shows that only earthquakes rupturing the MNAF can account for this deformation. Their magnitude can be bracketed between Mw 6 and 7. Our archeoseismological study complements the historical seismicity catalog and confirms paleoseismological data, suggesting several destructive earthquakes along the MNAF, since the first century A.D. We suggest the fault might still have accumulated enough stress to generate an Mw 7+ rupture.
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Hall, Jay. "Editorial". Queensland Archaeological Research 3 (1.01.1986): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.3.1986.180.
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1986 has been a very good year for archaeology in Queensland. As the following pages testify, fundamental research is being undertaken throughout the length and breadth of the state. Furthermore it is being carried out by researchers who hail from not only Queensland but institutions throughout Australia. Perhaps the most significant discovery reported this year was the site of Wallen Wallen Creek on North Stradbroke Island, Moreton Bay (see R. Neal and E. Stock, Nature 1986:618-621). While excavating a recent surface midden for salvage purposes, Rob Neal, a Ph.D candidate at Queensland University, discovered a deep (2.5m) deposit within a coastal dune which yielded a continuous human occupation sequence. Collaboration with geomorphologist Errol Stock from Griffith University established that two soil units were formed after the dune was laid down and that associated cultural material is relatively undisturbed. C14 dating revealed an internally consistent series of determinations which stretch to over 22,000 B.P. Present results indicate a dramatic increase in occupation intensity (as measured by discard rate) in the late Holocene (esp. after ca. 2,000 B.P.), a pattern which fits well with results from other research in this area (eg. Hall Robins QAR, Volume 1) as well as other parts of eastern Australia. This discovery has provided the Pleistocene-Holocene chronological framework that has been sought for the Moreton Region for several years now. Future analysis of Wallen Wallen Creek material promises to add much to our notions of cultural change in this and adjacent areas.
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Kamali, Zahra, Hamid Nazari, Ahmad Rashidi, Mahmoud Reza Heyhat, Mohammad Mahdi Khatib i Reza Derakhshani. "Seismotectonics, Geomorphology and Paleoseismology of the Doroud Fault, a Source of Seismic Hazard in Zagros". Applied Sciences 13, nr 6 (15.03.2023): 3747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063747.
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In this study, the active tectonics, paleoseismicity, and seismic hazards of the Doroud Fault are examined through high-resolution satellite image interpretations, field investigations, outcrop and trench excavations, and the dating of geochronology samples. The Doroud Fault (DF), one of the essential segments of the Main Recent Fault in the northern margin of the Zagros mountain range, has a historical and instrumental background of high seismicity. We present the first constraints from tectonic geomorphology and paleoseismology along the Doroud Fault near the capital city of Dorud. Detailed observations from satellite imagery, field investigations, real-time kinematic (RTK) measurements, paleoseismological trenching, the radiocarbon (C14), and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) as ages allowed us to map the fault in detail, describe and characterize its kinematics, and document its recent activity and seismic behavior (cumulative displacements, paleoseismicity, and magnitude, as well as recurrence interval) relevant to the recent seismic activity of the Doroud Fault during the late Holocene as one of the most important seismogenic faults in Zagros. Modern alluvial terraces of gullies and loess accumulations are systematically deflected and/or offset with co-seismic rupture, landslides, and scarps, indicating that the Doroud Fault has been active in the late Quaternary and is characterized by dextral strike–slip movements with a normal component. In addition, our findings provide a comprehensive analysis of the fault displacement, the timing of paleoearthquakes, and the right-lateral slip rate of the Doroud Fault. The late Holocene slip rate of the Doroud Fault using the OSL dating the gully is as follows: the minimum and maximum horizontal slip rates are estimated to be 1.82 and 2.71 mm/yr, and vertical slip rates of 1.03 and 1.53 mm/yr are calculated for the past 4600 ± 900 years in the middle segment of the fault. This study focused on a paleoseismological trench within the archeological sites of Darbe-Astaneh. The central portion of the fault has historically hosted more than nine earthquakes in the last 66 ka years, according to the study’s findings. According to paleoseismology studies, the Doroud Fault has the seismic capability to cause earthquakes with a magnitude of more than 7.4 and a total slip rate of about 3.83 ± 0.1 m. The average recurrence interval for the identified paleoearthquakes is approximately 104 ± 7 years.
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Ulfers, A., K. Hesse, C. Zeeden, J. M. Russell, H. Vogel, S. Bijaksana i T. Wonik. "Cyclostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental inference from downhole logging of sediments in tropical Lake Towuti, Indonesia". Journal of Paleolimnology 65, nr 4 (12.02.2021): 377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-020-00171-9.
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AbstractLake Towuti is located on central Sulawesi/Indonesia, within the Indo Pacific Warm Pool, a globally important region for atmospheric heat and moisture budgets. In 2015 the Towuti Drilling Project recovered more than 1000 m of drill core from the lake, along with downhole geophysical logging data from two drilling sites. The cores constitute the longest continuous lacustrine sediment succession from the Indo Pacific Warm Pool. We combined lithological descriptions with borehole logging data and used multivariate statistics to better understand the cyclic sequence, paleoenvironments, and geochronology of these sediments. Accurate chronologies are crucial to analyze and interpret paleoclimate records. Astronomical tuning can help build age-depth models and fill gaps between age control points. Cyclostratigraphic investigations were conducted on a downhole magnetic susceptibility log from the lacustrine facies (10–98 m below lake floor) from a continuous record of sediments in Lake Towuti. This study provides insights into the sedimentary history of the basin between radiometric ages derived from dating a tephra layer (~ 797 ka) and C14-ages (~ 45 ka) in the cores. We derived an age model that spans from late marine isotope stage (MIS) 23 to late MIS 6 (903 ± 11 to 131 ± 67 ka). Although uncertainties caused by the relatively short record and the small differences in the physical properties of sediments limited the efficacy of our approach, we suggest that eccentricity cycles and/or global glacial-interglacial climate variability were the main drivers of local variations in hydroclimate in central Indonesia. We generated the first nearly complete age-depth model for the lacustrine facies of Lake Towuti and examined the potential of geophysical downhole logging for time estimation and lithological description. Future lake drilling projects will benefit from this approach, since logging data are available just after the drilling campaign, whereas core descriptions, though more resolved, only become available months to years later.
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Ismael, Hossam, Waleed Abbas, Heba Ghaly i Ahmed M. El Kenawy. "Echoes of the Past: Unveiling the Kharga Oasis’ Cultural Heritage and Climate Vulnerability through Millennia". Heritage 6, nr 9 (19.09.2023): 6397–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage6090335.
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The civilization and tangible cultural heritage of the Kharga Oasis has a historical precedence over that of the old Nile Valley civilization. Approximately 12,000 years ago, a significant prehistoric migration occurred from the Kharga Oasis to the Nile Valley. This event was motivated by climate change and the southward shift of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), which caused a shift in Egypt’s savannah forests from abundant vegetation to an extremely dry desert. The present study investigates the progressive deterioration of the tangible cultural and civilized legacy of the Kharga Oasis over the course of several millennia, positing that this phenomenon can be attributed to the area’s vulnerability to paleoclimatic fluctuations. The evaluation of the Kharga Oasis’ susceptibility to climate change was predicated on the scrutiny of petroglyphs that were unearthed at different sites within the Oasis. This analysis was reinforced by paleoclimate information and radiocarbon dating (C14). The utilization of an interdisciplinary approach yielded significant insights into the dynamic climate patterns and their effects on the Kharga Oasis across temporal scales. The results illustrated a noteworthy alteration in climate, which caused the conversion of the Oasis terrain from being heavily wooded to becoming arid, mainly due to extended periods of drought. The present research postulates a novel and alternate hypothesis concerning the archaeological chronology of human habitation in the Kharga Oasis from ancient eras, predicated on the analysis of pictorial depictions on rock surfaces. The findings of this study made a noteworthy contribution to the current corpus of knowledge regarding the vulnerability of the ancient Egyptian society to the impacts of climate variability. Moreover, the petroglyphs’ depictions provided a distinctive viewpoint on the climatic fluctuations that occurred in the Sahara and North Africa throughout the Holocene epoch, as well as the fundamental causative factors.
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Stott, A. W., R. Berstan, P. Evershed, R. E. M. Hedges, C. Bronk Ramsey i M. J. Humm. "Radiocarbon Dating of Single Compounds Isolated from Pottery Cooking Vessel Residues". Radiocarbon 43, nr 2A (2001): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200038005.
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We have developed and demonstrated a practical methodology for dating specific compounds (and octade-canoic or stearic acid—C18:0—in particular) from the lipid material surviving in archaeological cooking pots. Such compounds may be extracted from about 10 g of cooking potsherd, and, after derivatization, can be purified by gas chromatography. To obtain sufficient material for precise dating repetitive, accumulating, GC separation is necessary. Throughout the 6000-year period studied, and over a variety of site environments within England, dates on C18:0 show no apparent systematic error, but do have a greater variability than can be explained by the errors due to the separation chemistry and measurement process alone. This variability is as yet unexplained. Dates on C16:0 show greater variability and a systematic error of approximately 100-150 years too young, and it is possible that this is due to contamination from the burial environment. Further work should clarify this.
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Ortloff, Charles R. "Caral, South America’s Oldest City (2600–1600 BC): ENSO Environmental Changes Influencing the Late Archaic Period Site on the North Central Coast of Peru". Water 14, nr 9 (27.04.2022): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14091403.
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The Late Archaic Period (2600–1600 BC) site of Caral, located ~20 km inland from the Pacific Ocean coastline in the Supe Valley of the north central coast of Peru, is subject to CFD analysis to determine the effects of ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) events (mainly, El Niño flooding and drought events) on its agricultural and marine resource base that threatened societal continuity. The first step is to examine relics of major flood events that produced coastal beach ridges composed of deposited flood slurries—the C14 dating of material within beach ridges determines the approximate dates of major flood events. Of interest is the interaction of flood slurry with oceanic currents that produce a linear beach ridge as these events are controlled by fluid mechanics principles. CFD analysis provides the basis for beach ridge geometric linear shape. Concurrent with beach ridge formation from major flood events are landscape changes that affect the agricultural field system and marine resource food supply base of Caral and its satellite sites- here a large beach ridge can block river drainage, raise the groundwater level and, together with aeolian sand transfer from exposed beach flats, convert previously productive agricultural lands into swamps and marshes. One major flood event in ~1600 BC rendered coastal agricultural zones ineffective due to landscape erosion/deposition events together with altering the marine resource base from flood deposition over shellfish gathering and sardine and anchovy netting areas, the net result being that prior agricultural areas shifted to limited-size, inner valley bottomland areas. Agriculture, then supplied by highland sierra amuna reservoir water, led to a high water table supplemented by Supe River water to support agriculture. Later ENSO floods conveyed thin saturated bottomland soils and slurries to coastal areas to further reduce the agricultural base of Supe Valley sites. With the reduction in the inner valley agricultural area from continued flood events, agriculture, on a limited basis, shifted to the plateau area upon which urban Caral and the satellite sites were located. The narrative that follows then provides the basis for the abandonment of Caral and its satellite Supe Valley sites due to the vulnerability of the limited food-supply base subject to major ENSO events.
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Vejbæk, Ole. "Agre og miler ved Filsø". Kuml 54, nr 54 (20.10.2005): 187–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kuml.v54i54.97315.
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Fields and pottery kilns at Filsø In 1962, the Museum of Esbjerg investigated the remains of a 12th-century house on sill stones, built on top of a “ridge and furrow” field (Fig. 1). The whole area was covered by half a metre of shifting sand, which had preserved the layers well. A planned continuation of the excavation was abandoned. However, in 1982, the author of the article made a complementary investigation of the house and the fields. The terrain was later contour surveyed, and in 1991, the ‘Museet for Varde By og Omegn’ museum undertook another investigation. The main issue was to investigate the width of the ridges across which the house with the stone sill had been built, and to establish whether they were connected to possible ridges south of the house. A 70 m long and 1.2 m wide northsouth orientated trial trench was therefore laid out west of the old excavated site, with which it was connected by two further trenches. The intention was to gain one long section through all the fields (Figs. 2 and 3).The investigation showed that the fields underneath the house consisted of one ridge and a half, with a width of 14.4 m and 7.2 m respectively, or the equivalent of 12 fathoms of the time, possibly the same as half a yardland (Figs. 4 and 5).The ridges and furrows at Filsø represent the fusion of two separate elements; one being the growing of winter crops on narrow ridges in small areas, the other being the regulated fields, or furlongs, which were created by dividing the open village fields. The plough has been improved, and the furlong can be ploughed into a ridge. This made it possible to grow winter rye to a much larger extent than before, as the cultivation could be moved to the village common.North of the ridges, and parallel to them, was an area with traces from clay working, which was divided off by wall grooves or fences. The width of the area was the same as the width of the half ridge and furrow field adjoining it, which indicates that this area was laid out at the same time as the fields (Fig. 3).The ridges were succeeded by the house with the stone sill, which was investigated in the 1960s and again in 1982 (Fig. 10). A pollen sample from a raw humus layer underneath the house showed that the fields were covered by heather before the house was built. The formation of the raw humus layer is assumed to have been created during approximately a century, which is thus the time the heath would have existed. The house shows signs of repairs, which indicates that it was used for many years. The remains of a padlock (Fig. 12) were found approximately two metres from the presumed entrance. The northsouth orientation of the house and the finds in its immediate proximity may indicate that it was a workshop or an outhouse.On the same ridge, a site of a fire – perhaps from another house, although there is no definite basis for this interpretation – was situated some ten metres west of the above-mentioned site (Figs. 3 and 4). The only ornamented pottery fragment found during the investigation was situated in a layer of the burnt site (Fig. 11e).South of the ridges, the shifting sand was expected to be hiding more ridges. It was thus a surprise when long rows of kilns with intact peat cappings were exposed, as well as an adjoining wheel track convenient for loading and unloading. The observations made here indicate that the kilns were used for firing pottery (Figs. 7, 8 and 9).It looks as if the house on the stone sill and the kilns were contemporary, and the activities on the site were probably put to an end by the sand drift around 1200 AD. The pottery found around the kilns and inside and outside the house is of identical type (Fig. 11). It is almost entirely made up by hemispherical vessels dating from the second half of the12th century. The pottery material contains misfired pottery. In the furrow between the two ridges, a 3 cm thick layer of charcoal was layered directly on top of the cultivated soil (Fig. 6), and a sprig of heather from here has been dated using AMS dating of C14. The result of this dating, compared with the stratigraphic conditions and the dating of the pottery, points at the ridges being from the time between 1050 and 1080. The settlement was covered by sand and given up around 1200. However, the shifting sand did not completely prevent human activity on the site. The rim of an earthenware pot with a ledge for a lid was found on what is possibly an old surface roughly 10 cm further up in the sand layer (Fig. 11f). At another spot, about 10 cm underneath the top of the sand, a handful of white quartz beach stones had been left, almost as a last greeting (Fig. 13).Ole VejbækÅrhus.Translated by Annette Lerche Trolle
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Adamenko, Oleh M., Mykola I. Mosiuk, Sofia V. Kachala i Kateryna O. Radlowska. "Prospects for new sites of wooly rhinoceros and mammoths on the territory of paleontological site in Starunia, Carpathian region". Environmental safety and natural resources 38, nr 2 (30.06.2021): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2021.2.129-138.
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An international geopark “Park of the Ice Age” located near the Starunia village in Bohorodchany district of Ivano-Frankivsk region is world-famous for being a paleontological site of Pleistocene fauna of the woolly rhinoceroses and mammoth (the Eemian interglacial period, 46–10 000 years ago according to radiocarbon dating C14) and for its mud volcano which is unique in the Carpathian region. This is a geological nature monument with an area of 60 hectares where abandoned ozokerite mine and oil and gas exploratory boreholes are presented. The detailed investigations carried out in the years 2004–2009 by Ukrainian-Polish expeditions were focused on discoveries of possible new sites of fauna fossils and human remains of European early modem humans (EEMH).The future discoveries at the paleontological site of Starunia are extremely important. They intend to carry out ecological assessment of soil, surface and stream waters, atmospheric air, snow, ashes of meadow grasses, radiological screening, and geo-radar sensing to find new locations of extinct mammals. The Starunia area meets all the requirements of a geopark according to UNESCO standards and concepts. The first research findings (1907) are connected with the remains of woolly rhinoceros, mammoth, horse, roe deer and other Pleistocene mammals which had been found in the ozokerite mine at the depth of 12 m near Starunia (Bohorodchany district, Ivano-Frankivsk region). In 1914 the scientists from Lviv (Ukraine) and Krakow (Poland) fully appreciated these discoveries and published a set of articles and a monograph. In 1929 the members of the expedition of Skill Academy (Krakow, Poland) found the remains of three more woolly rhinoceroses in the ozokerite mine at the depth of 17 m. Numerous bones of vertebrates (rodents), remains of mussels, a lot of species of insects, beetles, parasitic worms, fleas, butterflies, spiders, snails, vascular plants, mosses, seeds and branches of dwarf birch (Betula Nana), alder (Alnus glutinosa), and other fossil of tundra flora were also discovered. Polish scientists organized detailed investigations of flora and fauna around Starunia, their results were published in articles but the World War II suspended this process. The investigations around Starunia intensified the comprehensive study of stratigraphy, paleontology, paleogeography, geochronology and other aspects of the Quaternary Period. In 1932 there was established the International Geological Congress (the International Union of Quaternary Study) by INQUA in Leningrad. The main methodological principals of this study dealt with the investigations around Starunia.
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Adamenko, O., R. Michajluk, K. Radlovskaya i M. Mosiuk. "QUATERNARY DEPOSITS AND ECOLOGICAL MONITORING OF THE ICE AGE PARK IN CARPATHIAN REGION, UKRAINE". Ecological Safety and Balanced Use of Resources, nr 2(24) (7.02.2022): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2415-3184-2021-2(24)-64-74.
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An international geopark "The Park of Ice Age" located near the Starunia village in Bohorodchany district of Ivano-Frankivsk region is world-famous for being a paleontological site of Pleistocene fauna of the woolly rhinoceroses and mammoth (the Eemian interglacial period- 46-10 000 years ago according to radiocarbon dating C14) and for its mud volcano which is unique in the Carpathian region, This is a geological nature monument with an area of 60 hectares where abandoned ozokerite mine and oil and gas exploratory boreholes are presented. The detailed investigations carried out in the years 2004 - 2009 by Ukrainian-Polish expeditions were focused on discoveries of possible new sites of fauna fossils and human remains of European early modern humans (EEMH). The future discoveries at the paleontological site of Starunia are extremely important. They intend to carry out ecological assessment of soil, surface and stream waters, atmospheric air, snow, ashes of meadow grasses, radiological screening, and geo-radar sensing to find new locations of extinct mammals. The Starunia area meets all the requirements of a geopark according to UNESCO standards and concepts. The first research findings (1907) are connected with the remains of woolly rhinoceros, mammoth, horse, roe deer and other Pleistocene mammals which had been found in the ozokerite mine at the depth of 12 m near Starunia (Bohorodchany district, Ivano-Frankivsk region). In 1914 the scientists from Lviv (Ukraine) and Krakow (Poland) fully appreciated these discoveries and published a set of articles and a monograph. In 1929 the members of the expedition of Skill Academy (Krakow, Poland) found the remains of three more woolly rhinoceroses in the ozokerite mine at the depth of 17 m. Numerous bones of vertebrates (rodents), remains of mussels, a lot of species of insects, beetles, parasitic worms, fleas, butterflies, spiders, snails, vascular plants, mosses, seeds and branches of dwarf birch (Betula Nana), alder (Alnus glutinosa), and other fossil of tundra flora were also discovered. Polish scientists organized detailed investigations of flora and fauna around Starunia, their results were published in articles but the World War II suspended this process. The investigations around Starunia intensified the comprehensive study of stratigraphy, paleontology, paleogeography, geochronology and other aspects of the Quaternary Period. In 1932 there was established the International Geological Congress (the International Union of Quaternary Study) by INQUA in Leningrad. The main methodological principals of this study dealt with the investigations around Starunia.
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Cleyet-Merle, Jean-Jacques, Jean Gaussen, Nadine Tisnerat i Hélène Valladas. "Approche chronologique de quelques sites ornés paléolithiques du Périgord par datation Carbone 14, en spectrométrie de masse par accélérateur, de leur mobilier archéologique/Chronological approach to a few decorated Paleolithic sites in the Perigord based on C14 dating of associated archaeological objects". Paléo 10, nr 1 (1998): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/pal.1998.1144.
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Cloutman, E. W., i A. G. Smith. "Palaeoenvironments in the Vale of Pickering. Part 3: Environmental History at Star Carr". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 54 (1988): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00005740.
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Detailed boring records and surface levels, combined with knowledge of the rate of extension of organic deposits in the lake basin (Part 1), allow the production of a computer-generated contour map and isometric drawings of the microtopography of the area around the Star Carr site of Clark (1954) (figs 1 and 2). The site was at the mouth of a shallow gully on the southern face of a hillock of glacial till which could be reached from the higher ground to the N over dry ground. The hillock extended into the lake basin as a low peninsula ending in a spit, at the entrance to its relatively narrow outflow channel. The occupation area was at a point where the open water most closely approached the shore and extended from the marginal wetland on to the dry slopes of the hillock.Pollen and lithological analysis, combined with extensive C14 dating, is described at four closely spaced points along a section through the basin deposits close to the Star Carr site. Dated sequences of local vegetation development are established. The results are used to reconstruct pictorially the environmental changes through a period of occupation contemporaneous with, and presumably an extension of, the occupation of the Star Carr site (fig. 9). The dry ground supported birch wood throughout, but natural successional changes in the wetland, on a nominal timescale, were as follows:(a) At 9800 BP the open water of the lake lapped the shore save for a narrow zone of reeds, sedges and water plants.(b) By 9650 BP immediately before the occupation, reedswamp dominated by the great reed (Phragmites) had extended well into the basin. There was a narrow drier zone at the landward side of the reedswamp with abundant ferns enclosing a damper patch with fen plants.(c) At the time of the occupation, around 9600 BP, the inshore reedswamp had largely been replaced by fen dominated by the saw sedge (Cladium). The marginal environment, where artefacts were found, was still dominated by ferns but a wood layer occupied the former damp fen area, presumably having been deliberately emplaced to consolidate the ground. Cladium fen and fringing reedswamp formed an extensive tract to the E of the occupation area behind the spit mentioned above, and probably also to the W.(d) By 9300 BP (on the nominal timescale used for the reconstruction) the occupation was over and the wood layer and an associated ‘brown layer’ were covered by Cladium deposits on which willows were now growing.Attention is drawn to the need for detailed work on the taphonomy of artefacts as a component of any further excavation in the organic deposits of the Vale of Pickering.