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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „C14 dating”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 7 września 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "C14 dating"

Kim, Il Kyu. "Reconsideration on the C14 age dating period of the Bronze Age through the emergence time of the mandolin shaped bronze dagger". Yeongnam Archaeological Society, nr 80 (30.01.2018): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47417/yar.2018.80.45.

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According to the C14 age dating, it is thought that the Bronze Age begun from the B.C. 15th century and the lute shaped bronze dagger was brought into the Korean Peninsula in 1100B.C. The upper limit of the Songgukri Assemblage is also thought in B.C. 10th century. Examining the mandolin shaped dagger in Liaoxi area and sacrificial vessel, set the emergence time of this dagger and consider when this dagger appeared in the middle part of the Korean Peninsula. And make comparison between this result and the C14 age dating of the Bronze Age. As a result, this dagger was brought into the Korean Peninsula in Gangshang phase B.C. 7th century. The Songgukri Assemblage begun after the B.C 6th century. There are 400~500 years apart in time comparing with the C14 age dating. Scientific result based on probability and statistics is not absolute unlike mathematical result. Even though scientific rule exists, there are many variables in the process of proving, so various solutions should be proposed to prove according to the times. The result by the C14 age dating method is just though as the best method in present time. According as how improves the method of analysis, the result should be also changed. Therefore, the C14 age dating must be applied to archaeological chronology with discretion.

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Ohkouchi, Naohiko, Timothy I. Eglinton i John M. Hayes. "Radiocarbon Dating of Individual Fatty Acids as a Tool for Refining Antarctic Margin Sediment Chronologies". Radiocarbon 45, nr 1 (2003): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200032355.

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We have measured the radiocarbon contents of individual, solvent-extractable, short-chain (C14, C16, and C18) fatty acids isolated from Ross Sea surface sediments. The corresponding 14C ages are equivalent to that of the post-bomb dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) reservoir. Moreover, molecular 14C variations in surficial (upper 15 cm) sediments indicate that these compounds may prove useful for reconstructing chronologies of Antarctic margin sediments containing uncertain (and potentially variable) quantities of relict organic carbon. A preliminary molecular 14C chronology suggests that the accumulation rate of relict organic matter has not changed during the last 500 14C yr. The focus of this study is to determine the validity of compound-specific 14C analysis as a technique for reconstructing chronologies of Antarctic margin sediments.

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Tiplic, Ioan Marian, Corina Anca Simion, Oana Gaza, Tiberiu Bogdan Sava, Cristian Manailescu i Maria Valentina Ilie. "Radiocarbon Dating of Cremated bone samples from the Site of the Hungarian Church at Pauca, Sibiu County". PLURAL. History, Culture, Society 11, nr 2 (29.12.2023): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37710/plural.v11i2_4.

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Archaeological research in the site of Pauca - Hungarian Church started in 2010, and between 2012-2023 has uncovered over 116 graves, some being simple cremation graves with a deposit of remains in the urn, others being double graves (with two urns) and one being a mixed double grave (incineration and inhumation). The dating of the five samples from the cemetery would suggest that the beginnings of the Păuca cemetery is contemporary with the late Germanic period (Gepids) and the early Avar period. Admitting that it is more accurate to date closer to the upper limit of the range (7th century), the cemetery at Pauca could be connected with historical events that occurred between 567 and 630, i.e. the establishment and consolidation of Avar power in the Pannonian-Transylvanian space. The C14 dating of the cremated bones from the Păuca cemetery (Sibiu county) reopens the discussion on the need for more samples of C14 data from the cremation cemeteries attributed cemetery to the so-called Mediaș group and simultaneously may represent a turning point in the evaluation of the chronology of the period between 6th and 8th centuries A.D.

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Huttner, Eder, Bruno Candeias i Edison Huttner. "Iret Neferet: Mummy found in southern Brazil. Dating by C14, Radiographic and Histopathological". Clinical Oral Implants Research 31, S20 (październik 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/clr.13644.

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KERN, EMILY M. "Archaeology enters the ‘atomic age’: a short history of radiocarbon, 1946–1960". British Journal for the History of Science 53, nr 2 (13.03.2020): 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087420000011.

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AbstractToday, the most powerful research technique available for assigning chronometric age to human cultural objects is radiocarbon dating. Developed in the United States in the late 1940s by an alumnus of the Manhattan Project, radiocarbon dating measures the decay of the radioactive isotope carbon-14 (C14) in organic material, and calculates the time elapsed since the materials were removed from the life cycle. This paper traces the interdisciplinary collaboration between archaeology and radiochemistry that led to the successful development of radiocarbon dating in the early 1950s, following the movement of people and ideas from Willard Libby's Chicago radiocarbon laboratory to museums, universities and government labs in the United States, Australia, Denmark and New Zealand. I show how radiocarbon research built on existing technologies and networks in atomic chemistry and physics but was deeply shaped by its original private philanthropic funders and archaeologist users, and ultimately remained to the side of many contemporaneous Cold War scientific and military projects.

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Kalin, Robert M., i Austin Long. "Radiocarbon Data Base: Q&A—An Artificial Intelligence Data File Management Program". Radiocarbon 31, nr 1 (1989): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200044556.

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The “C14” data base, designed and implemented at the University of Arizona Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory, uses Q&A, an artificial intelligence data file management program. The data entered into this data base are easily retrievable and exportable for submission to RADIOCARBON, and to the International Radiocarbon Data Base (IRDB). The use of artificial intelligence allows both novice and experienced computer operators to search and retrieve data with few key strokes and normal English sentences.

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GROUMPOU, Maria, Pavlos AVRAMIDIS, George ILIOPOULOS, Helen PAPAEFTHYMIOU i Ioannis K. KOUKOUVELAS. "The krathis lake, one century of evolution." European Journal of Geography 12, nr 2 (13.10.2021): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.48088/ejg.m.gro.12.2.20.35.

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A riverbed swamp in the Krathis River, N. Peloponnese, is studied and analyzed geomorphologicaly. Our analysis is also based on sedimentological, geochemical, palaeontological and radiometric dating data which enabled the investigation of the possible relationship between the studied swamp and the 1913 Tsivlos landslide. Sedimentological analysis showed that the current sedimentation is dominated by fine grain material and occasional coarse-grained beds. Micropalaeontological analysis indicated that the deeper layers of the core are barren, while the upper ones contain fresh water ostracods suggesting hydrodynamically a progressively more stable environment. In accordance, radiocarbon C14 and 137Cs dating showed a progressively decreasing sedimentation rate over the last fifty years. The results of this study show that the Tsivlos landslide is not the only cause for the formation of the modern swamp. Tectonic movements in the area seem to play a decisive role causing uplift and subsidence in the area near an active fault.

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Guiqing, Chen, i Chen Junhao. "A Cheap New Geological Dating Method Developed from Ancient Shells Study". Energy and Earth Science 7, nr 1 (25.03.2024): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ees.v7n1p1.

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The vast majority of researchers on ancient shells are biologists, who are not familiar with X-ray diffractometers, etc. We are physical chemists who use X-ray diffraction to observe the changes in the crystal structure of ancient shells? Then use WDX electron probe to observe the changes in the microstructure of ancient shells. After discovering shells for a long time, calcite turned into aragonite, overturning the conclusion recorded in geological crystallographic books that aragonite’s structure and physical properties were unstable and would eventually transform into calcite. Unexpectedly discovered that the “Shuang chen Weathering Cave CC” of ancient shells has changed over time, it can be used as a new method for geological dating.The use of carbon 14 (C14) isotope geological dating method is quite expensive and lacks accuracy, causing many jokes. The “Shuang chen Weathering Cave CC” of ancient shells may be used as a new geological dating method, and it is quite cheap!

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Andrade, Ana C. S., José M. L. Dominguez, Louis Martin i Abílio C. S. P. Bittencourt. "Quaternary evolution of the Caravelas strandplain - Southern Bahia State - Brazil". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 75, nr 3 (wrzesień 2003): 357–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652003000300008.

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An evolutionary model is proposed for the Caravelas strandplain. The model encompasses integration of: (i) mapping of Quaternary deposits, (ii) cartography of beach-ridge alignments and their truncations, (iii) relative sea-level history, (iv) development history of the Abrolhos coral reefs, (v) vibra-coring and (vi) C14 dating of Quaternary deposits. Seven major evolutionary stages were identified. These stages show that the strandplain has had its Quaternary evolution strongly controlled by relative sea-level changes. In addition, the development of the Abrolhos coral reefs has also played an important role in dispersion and accumulation of sediments along the coastline, causing localized inversion in longshore sediment transport.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "C14 dating"

Silva, Maria Ester Franklin Maia. "Sítio Limeira, Guarapari / ES: a reconstituição de uma paisagem". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-09062015-164603/.

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A presente Dissertação estuda a ocupação pré-histórica do sítio Limeira, UTM 24K 341411 - 7714533 (40º31\'20,62\" O e 20º39\'42,61\" S); sítio arqueológico a céu-aberto localizado no município de Guarapari, região do litoral centro-sul do Estado do Espírito Santo. A pesquisa arqueológica foi pautada nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Arqueologia da Paisagem, cadeia operatória e Habitus, evidenciando vestígios materiais líticos e malacológicos de uma população coletora-caçadora-pescadora que se estabeleceu no local há cerca de 670 anos AP (14C - CENA-USP). O foco da análise centrou-se na investigação da interação entre a população que habitou o sítio com o ambiente que a circundava, com levantamentos geológicos, geomorfológicos, hidrográficos, climáticos, etc., através de pesquisas bibliográficas e cartográficas. Também, buscou-se reunir informações sobre o paleoambiente do litoral do Espírito Santo, com fulcro na região estudada. A pesquisa intensiva de campo foi realizada em 4 campanhas: uma em 2009, pelo Prof. Ms. Celso Perota, via resgate arqueológico, e as demais, de cunho acadêmico, realizadas entre os anos 2012 e 2013, voltadas para esta dissertação de Mestrado, pautadas nos métodos e técnicas de investigação de campo por superfícies amplas em decapagens por camadas naturais. Como resultado, foi possível observar que o sítio Limeira é unicomponencial, além de serem evidenciadas duas estruturas estabelecidas na forma de 3 bolsões malacológicos e uma fogueira, cujos carvões foram utilizados para realização de datação. Os dados analisados possibilitaram interpretações a respeito do modo de vida dos habitantes pretéritos do sítio Limeira, e dos aspectos ambientais (vegetação e clima) que os cercava. É importante destacar que o estudo dos vestígios arqueológicos do sítio em questão e sua inserção nas escalas espaciais, temporais e ambientais, estabeleceram parâmetros de suma relevância para que futuras pesquisas desenvolvidas no Espírito Santo encontrem referenciais de suporte.
This thesis studies the prehistoric occupation of Limeira, (UTM 24K 341411-7714533 - 40º31\'20,62 \"O 20º39\'42,61 and\" S); an open-air archaeological site located in the city of Guarapari, on the south-central coast of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The research was based on theoretical and methodological assumptions of Landscape Archaeology and operational chains and Habitus, showing evidence of lithic and malacological remains of a hunter-gatherer-fisher population that settled in the area around 670 years ago (14C - CENA USP). The analysis is focused on investigation into the interaction between the population that inhabited the site and the surrounding environment, encompassing geologic, geomorphologic, hydrographic and climatic surveys as well as bibliographic and cartographic research. The study also sought to gather information on the coastal paleoenvironment of Espírito Santo, with the research area serving as the fulcrum. Intensive field work was carried out in four campaigns: one in 2009, by Prof. Msc. Celso Perota via archaeological rescue, and three others of academic nature, directly related to this thesis, performed between 2012 and 2013. All field research was guided by methods and techniques for large surfaces with stripping by natural levels. As a result, it was observed that the Limeira site is uni-componential. Also highlighted were two established structures in the form of 3 malacological pockets and a fire pit, whose coals were used to perform carbon dating. Once analyzed, the data allowed for interpretations regarding the way of life of past inhabitants of the Limeira site, and the environment (vegetation and climate) around them. It is important to note that the study of the archaeological remains of the site in question - as well as their insertion into spatial, temporal and environmental scales - has established relevant parameters so that future research in Espírito Santo can be developed and supported within a greater frame of reference.

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Brionne, Charles. "Signatures morphosédimentaires de la dynamique juxta-glaciaire à la transition de fronts glaciaires marins à terrestres : le cas de la Côte-Nord du Québec (estuaire et golfe du St Laurent)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAH005.

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Cette thèse combine une double approche géomorphologique et sédimentologique associée à l’utilisation de données LiDAR, bathymétriques, photogrammétrie drone et de datations radiocarbones. Elle a permis de reconstituer les paléos dynamiques glaciaires en contexte de déglaciation pour l’Inlandsis Laurentidien depuis le dernier maximum glaciaire, il y a environ 20 000 ans, et plus précisément au passage d’une marge glaciaire ancrée en mer à une marge glaciaire continentale Deux études ont été menées conjointement, soit : (1) la cartographie, la synthèse et la proposition d’un modèle concernant les mégacannelures de la Côte-Nord du Saint-Laurent, une première pour ces morphologies et (2) la reconstruction de l’enregistrement géomorphologique et morphosédimentaire du complexe sédimentaire de Pentecôte, mimant précisément cette transition. D’une manière générale, cette thèse démontre l’importance de l’héritage structural et de la physiographie du plancher au marge glaciaire dans la reconstruction de la dynamique glaciaire de retrait de la marge du LIS oriental
This thesis combines a dual geomorphological and sedimentological approach with the use of LiDAR data, bathymetry, drone photogrammetry and radiocarbon dating. It has enabled us to reconstruct the glacial paleodynamics in a deglaciation context for the Laurentide ice sheet since the last glacial maximum, around 20,000 years ago, and more specifically during the transition from an ice margin anchored at sea to a continental ice margin: (1) mapping, synthesising and proposing a model for the megagrooves of the North Shore of the St Lawrence, a first study for these morphologies, and (2) reconstructing the geomorphological and morphosedimentary record of the Pentecôte sedimentary complex, which precisely represents this transition. Overall, this thesis demonstrates the importance of the structural heritage and physiography of the floor at the glacial margin in the reconstruction of the glacial retreat dynamics of the eastern LIS margin

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Drougge, Diana. "Finns det paleoekologiska spår av en vikingatida storgårdsetablering i Finja, Norra Skåne? : – En pollenanalytisk vegetationsundersökning av Vånga mosse, från yngre järnålder till sen medeltid". Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Avdelningen för Naturvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-13286.

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Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera vegetationsutvecklingen och dess förändringar i Finja med hjälp av pollenanalys. De frågor jag önskade få svar på var om det fanns några spår av en vikingatida storgård i Finja, samt eventuella spår av betydande djuruppfödning i området. Finja är rik på fornlämningar från brons-, järnålder och meddeltid, som bekräftar min tes om att Finja/ Mölleröd haft en betydande roll i området runt Finja sjön, troligtvis med odling och handel längs Almaån. En paleoekologisk analys genomfördes från en lagerföljd från Vånga mosse, Finja. Totalt togs fyra meter torvprov upp ur mossen. I den översta metern plockades fjorton prover ut till analys. Två 14C dateringar visade vilket tidsspann proven befann sig i. Cirka 600 pollen räknades från varje prov som sedan sammanställdes i olika pollendiagram som visar förändringarna i vegetationen mellan 660 e.Kr. – 1587 e.Kr. Vånga mosse visar på kontinuerlig markanvändning under hela den undersökta perioden. Stora förändringar kan ses i pollenkurvorna för odlingsindikatorerna från provets början som ökar till höga värden vid mitten av 700 talet e.Kr. med Secale (råg) som största indikator. Förändringen visar att området haft en betydande odlingsverksamhet i cirka 150 år under vikingatiden, vilket styrker tesen om en storgårdsetablering i Finja under denna period. Efter odlingsuppgången minskar aktiviteterna i området, dock med fortsatt kontinuitet i både odling- och betesmarker. Området runt Vånga mosse genomgår en kraftig röjning från tidigt 1000 tal e.Kr. till cirka 1200 e.Kr., tillsammans med en expansiv nyodlingsperiod från 1000 e.Kr., som kan ses i båda sädesarterna i diagrammen. Detta resultat tillsammans med andra historiska indikatorer visar på en permanent etablering i Finja vid slutet av 900 e.Kr. Under de nästkommande århundrandena kan ytterligare två nyodlingstoppar ses, en vid mitten av 1000 talet e.Kr. som eventuellt kan kopplas samman med upprättandet av kyrkan, och en vid början av 1200 talet e.Kr.

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Ottosson, Lena, i Malin Widén. "Markanvändning och skogshistoria i mellersta Skåne : en paleoekologisk undersökning i Hjällens naturreservat, Södra Rörum socken". Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-9875.

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Syftet med undersökningen var att undersöka markanvändning och skogshistoria i ett område imellanskåne på gränsen mellan skog och slätt. Frågor som behandlas rör den medeltidaagrarexpansionen och den senmedeltida agrarkrisen, samt förändringar i trädslagsammansättningen.För att besvara frågorna har vi använt paleoekologisk metodik, fr. a. pollenanalys och C14-datering,men också flygbilder, historiska kartor och skriftligt källmaterial. Våra resultat visar på enodlingskontinuitet i området från tidigmedeltid till 1600-tal med en tydlig expansion av åker ochgräsmarker under tidig medeltid och en lika tydlig regression under senmedeltid.Trädslagssammansättningen har under lång tid dominerats av ek, bok och tall. Det är först under desenaste 200-300 åren som bok varit lika dominerande som i dag.

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Olsson, Pontus, i Alexander Walfridsson. "Etableringen av Ebbjörnarp : En paleoekologisk studie av torpetablering under tidig medeltid på Göingeåsen, Skåne". Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-19218.

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När en bebyggelse etablerades i ett område är svårt att läsa av de människoskapade landskapselementen. Dock kan ortnamnet ge en indikation om under vilken tidsperiod det kan ha uppstått bebyggelse. Perioden då ortnamn med efterledet -torp blir vanligt är också en tid av omfattande samhällsförändringar. Syftet med denna studie var att med paleoekologisk metodik datera när ett bebyggelsenamn med suffixet -torp etablerades vid en specifik lokal på Linderöds, Nävlinge- eller Göingeåsen. Med GIS-analys och fältarbete kunde en lämplig undersökningslokal hittas och två torvkärnor borras upp för vidare pollenanalys. Lagerföljden kunde genom 14C-metoden dateras till 727 e.Kr. ± 50 år på 96,5 centimeters djup. Med pollendiagrammet gjordes tolkningen att Ebbjörnarp etablerades under andra hälften av 1100-talet. Detta grundar sig på en uppgång av kolfragment som föregicks av en lång period med låg och jämn nivå. Etableringen skedde då fler trälar kom att friges. Om det rörde sig om en träl för Ebbjörnarps del låter vi vara osagt då det även kunde vara en vanlig bonde som tog chansen till ett arrende. Landskapet tiden före Ebbjörnarp var dels ett öppnare kulturlandskap med tydlig mänsklig närvaro, och dels senare ett mer beskogat landskap med lägre aktivitet.

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LOU, YING-HUI, i 樓穎慧. "C14 dating of marine terraces in Tatun Volcano Area". Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50691351096768312120.

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WU, DONG-JIN, i 吳東錦. "C14 dating and neotectionic implications of the Tainan formation on Tainan tableland". Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30722851043834735552.

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Książki na temat "C14 dating"

Totemism. London: Merlin, 1991.

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Lévi-Strauss, Claude. Totemism. The Merlin Press Ltd, 1991.

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Części książek na temat "C14 dating"

Prebil, Ivan. "C11 Biomechanische Daten". W Handbuch Verkehrsunfallrekonstruktion, 859–76. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-16143-9_43.

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ATTOLINI, M. R., S. CECCHINI, M. GALLI, T. NANNI i A. SALOMONI. "ABOUT A C14 DATING LABORATORY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS". W Science, Technology and European Cultural Heritage, 347–49. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-0237-2.50042-3.

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Prag, Kay. "The Bronze and Iron Ages in Jerusalem". W Re-Excavating Jerusalem, 11–62. British Academy, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266427.003.0003.

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Most evidence for the Bronze Age, Iron Age and Post-Exilic settlement of Jerusalem came from Site A on the south-east ridge, and Kenyon unearthed and dated material of almost all these periods, but very little of the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age I. This settlement pattern is reflected to a lesser extent on other sites, but elsewhere occupation of the region appears to continue, in a more dispersed fashion, perhaps partly related to diversification of the inhabitants to a more pastoral economy. Whether the centrality of Jerusalem is linked to its being an ancient place of burial is considered. Other evidence from the archive relates to the reigns of David, Solomon and Nehemiah. Specific issues are addressed, such as the location of the principal administrative buildings and fortifications, the use of volute capitals, the importance of water supply and drainage, and the problem of residuality affecting archaeological dating in Iron Age Jerusalem, which places the emphasis on C14 dating.

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"Front Matter". W Masonry 2022: Advancing Masonry Technology, FM1—FM8. ASTM International100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp16402022fm.

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These are the proceedings of the ASTM International symposium entitled 2022 Masonry Symposium: Advancing Masonry Technology held on June 14, 2022, in Seattle, Washington. The purpose of this symposium was to gather and disseminate the latest information on innovations in masonry materials, design, specification, construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation. It continues the long history of disseminating technical information dating back to the first ASTM masonry symposium in 1974, with over 200 STP papers written since that time. The symposium is cosponsored by Committees C01 on Cement, C07 on Lime and Limestone, C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry, and C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units.

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Cieślak-Kopyt, Małgorzata. "Podsumowanie". W Ocalone Dziedzictwo Archeologiczne, 91. Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo; Muzeum im. Jacka Malczewskiego w Radomiu, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/oda-sah.10.zn.06.

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In light of the research carried out to date, site 2 in Żelazna Nowa ranks among the most interesting discoveries in southern Mazovia region. Even the preliminary dating of the cemetery allows placing it among the longest-functioning Przeworsk culture necropolises (phases A3–C1b/C2). A number of phenomena recorded in the site suggest a unique nature of this necropolis. One can mention here the unique groove feature with a family burial (?), indicative of strong connections with the Celtic traditions spreading from the south along the Vistula River.

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Urban, Patricia, Aaron N. Shugar, Laura Richardson i Edward Schortman. "The Production of Copper at El Coyote, Honduras: Processing, Dating, and Political Economy". W Archaeometallurgy in Mesoamerica: Current Approaches and New Perspectives, 77–112. University Press of Colorado, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5876/9781607322009.c04.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "C14 dating"

Nesterov, Tamara, Sergiu Musteață i Andrei Gherțen. "Castelul Tighina al Cetății Bender: Geografia, istoria, arheologia, arhitectura și studierea controversată a complexului fortificat". W Cercetarea și valorificarea patrimoniului arheologic medieval. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37710/idn-c12-2022-132-153.

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The controversial and in many ways mysterious history of the Bender Fortress – one of the largest fortified complexes in the Black Sea region – has long attracted the attention of specialists in various fields of historical sciences. However, due to the fact that the fortress continued to be used according to its original destination (part of the territory is still occupied by a military garrison, in 2008 the complex was partially opened for visits), full field research began only in last years. The Tigina-Bender fortification was gradually formed and developed throughout the medieval and modern periods. The site occupies a vast territory, fortified with earth and stone bastions, adjacent to the bank of the Dniester a rectangular stone citadel. Its origin is uncertain, but the development stages could be recognized by the architectural elements. Authors of this paper based on the available sources, they try to re-evaluate the dating, architecture and history of the fortification system at Tigina-Bender. Only a few written sources have proven to be the cornerstone of the official history of Tigina Castle and Bender Fortress. These are the memoirs of the Turkish traveler Evliya Celebi, who visited Bender in 1655, naming Mimar Sinan, who accompanied the sultan in his campaign to punish the Moldavian ruler Petru Rareș, the city’s architect, in 1538. Construction of the complex. The construction of the Bender fortress by the Turkish architect should be called into question due to the numerous historical information, in which there are no reports of the construction of a castle in Tigina after 1538, espe cially considering the mentions of the locality long before this year. The history of Tigina Castle, built on the banks of the Dniester and known from the writings of contemporaries in the period before the sixteenth century, when according to other historical accounts received the new name, in the twentieth century was replaced by scientific opinion with that of the fortress. Bender. This „change of origins” has been accepted by most historians, due to the method of study: the exclusive use of documentary information and selective and total trust in the content of texts, neglecting the research of documents with other information, to which is added the scarcity of published documents regarding Tigina and Bender. In the case of the use of the fortress after the original destination and insistence of the historians who supported the Turkish origin of the Bender fortress, claiming material evidence of the fortress’s antiquity for a long time was not possible. The interdisciplinary research of the fortified complex Tigina-Bender, at the intersection between architecture, archeology, history and geography would allow the creation of the correct evaluation of the cultural heritage monument. Of great importance, for solving complex problems in the history of architecture are archaeological research, analysis of old maps and plans, which, as a whole, are invaluable sources on the history, geography and toponymy of the Northwest Black Sea region, studied so far in fragments. The complex analysis of the architecture of the Bender fortress, whose complete study has not yet been completed, confirms the hypotheses identified during the preliminary historical, cartographic and archaeological research regarding the presence at Tigina of the fortification prior to the conquest by the Ottoman Porte.

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