Artykuły w czasopismach: „C.S.I.R.O. Radiophysics Laboratory”

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Kamani, J. "Observations on Some Biological Characteristics of Rhipicephalus sanguineus Sensu Lato (Acari: Ixodidae) Under Natural and Laboratory Conditions in Nigeria". Folia Veterinaria 66, nr 1 (1.03.2022): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2022-0003.

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Abstract The brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s. l.) is a globally distributed tick of medical and veterinary significance. This study reports some observations on the biological characteristic of the brown dog ticks kept under natural and laboratory conditions in Nigeria. Variation in biological parameters was observed within the Nigerian R. sanguineus s. l. population kept under various conditions. A higher number of R. sanguineus exhibited the type 1 oviposition pattern than the type 2 pattern. The type 1 pattern was observed in 84.2 % and 80 % of R. sanguineus s. l. reared under laboratory and natural conditions, respectively. The pre-oviposition period was significantly shorter in ticks maintained under laboratory conditions than under natural conditions. Similarly, ticks kept under laboratory conditions laid significantly more eggs with higher egg mass weight than ticks kept under natural conditions. Furthermore, the incubation period and the total weight loss by female ticks throughout the oviposition period differed significantly between the two groups (P < 0.05). The engorged R. sanguineus s. l. females kept at 4 °C survived for up to 21 days and remained viable producing fertile eggs. Egg of R. sanguineus s. l. kept at 4 °C for up to 63 days retain viability and were able to hatch to larvae after variable incubation periods when returned to ambient temperatures depending on the duration of storage at 4 °C. The results showed that the tropical lineage of the brown dog tick can survive and remain fecund at low temperatures, suggesting that it can be translocated and established in temperate regions.

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N, Rajamurugu, Elangovan S i Sundararaj M. "A Innovative Simple Lab Facility to Teach High Speed Jet Characteristics to Aerospace Engineering Students". Journal of Engineering Education Transformations 36, nr 4 (1.04.2023): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.16920/jeet/2023/v36i4/23118.

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Abstract : In a laboratory environment a c o m p r e h e n s i v e d i s c u s s i o n a b o u t t h e j e t characteristics where students can visualize the characteristics, pattern of the jet flow. A project-based learning approach is adopted to make students understanding better about the jet phenomenon. A novel experiment set up is established. Hydraulic analogy concept is adapted in the experimental procedures. A detailed time chart and critical examination of results are presented in this paper. The method of evaluation is presented with results. The discussed learning methodology seems to be very e ff e c t i v e a n d s i g n i f i c a n t l y i n c r e a s e s t h e understanding level. Keywords: Jets, Project Based Learning, Higher Level Competency, Project Study

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Hue, Olivier. "Prediction of Drafted-Triathlon Race Time From Submaximal Laboratory Testing in Elite Triathletes". Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 28, nr 4 (1.08.2003): 547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h03-042.

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Purpose and methods: To determine which physiological variables accurately predict the race time of an Olympic-distance International Triathlon undertaken in drafted conditions, 8 elite triathletes underwent both maximal and submaximal laboratory and field physiological testing: a 400-m maximal swim test; an incremental treadmill test; an incremental cycling test; 30 min of cycling followed by 20 min of running (C-R); and 20 min of control running (R) at the exact same speed variations as in running in C-R. Blood samples were drawn to measure venous lactate concentration after the 400-m swim and the cycle and run segments of C-R. During the maximal cycling and running exercises, data were collected using an automated breath-by-breath system. Results: The only parameters correlated with the overall drafted-triathlon time were lactate concentration noted at the end of the cycle segment (r = 0.83, p < 0. 05) and the distance covered during the running part of the submaximal C-R test (r = -0.92, p < 0.01). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed a highly significant (r = 0.96, p < 0.02) relationship between predicted race time (from laboratory measures) and actual race time, using the following calculation: Predicted Triathlon Time (s) = -1.128 (distance covered during R of C-R [m]) + 38.8 ([lactate] at the end of C in C-R) + 13,338. The high R2 value of 0.93 indicated that, taken together, these two laboratory measures could account for 93% of the variance in race times during a drafted triathlon. Conclusion: Complementing previous studies, this study demonstrates that different parameters seem to be reliable for predicting performance in drafted vs. nondrafted Olympic-triathlon races. It also demonstrates that, for elite triathletes competing in a drafted Olympic-distance triathlon, performance is accurately predicted from the results of submaximal laboratory measures. Key words: swimming, cycling, running, lactate, oxygen uptake

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Pfaller, M. A., S. A. Messer, L. Boyken, H. Huynh, R. J. Hollis i D. J. Diekema. "In Vitro Activities of 5-Fluorocytosine against 8,803 Clinical Isolates of Candida spp.: Global Assessment of Primary Resistance Using National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Susceptibility Testing Methods". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, nr 11 (listopad 2002): 3518–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.11.3518-3521.2002.

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ABSTRACT We determined the in vitro activity of flucytosine (5-fluorocytosine [5FC]) against 8,803 clinical isolates of Candida spp. (18 species) obtained from more than 200 medical centers worldwide between 1992 and 2001. The MICs were determined by broth microdilution tests performed according to NCCLS guidelines by using RPMI 1640 as the test medium and the following interpretive breakpoints: susceptible (S), ≤4 μg/ml; intermediate (I), 8 to 16 μg/ml; resistant (R), ≥32 μg/ml. 5FC was very active against the 8,803 Candida isolates (MIC90, 1 μg/ml), 95% S. A total of 99 to 100% of C. glabrata (MIC90, 0.12 μg/ml), C. parapsilosis (MIC90, 0.25 μg/ml), C. dubliniensis (MIC90, 0.12 μg/ml), C. guilliermondii (MIC90, 0.5 μg/ml), and C. kefyr (MIC90, 1 μg/ml) were susceptible to 5FC at the NCCLS breakpoint. C. albicans (MIC90, 1 μg/ml; 97% S) and C. tropicalis (MIC90, 1 μg/ml; 92% S) were only slightly less susceptible. In contrast, C. krusei was the least susceptible species: 5% S; MIC90, 32 μg/ml. Primary resistance to 5FC is very uncommon among Candida spp. (95% S, 2% I, and 3% R), with the exception of C. krusei (5% S, 67% I, and 28% R). The in vitro activity of 5FC, combined with previous data demonstrating a prolonged post-antifungal effect (2.5 to 4 h) and concentration-independent activity (optimized at 4× MIC), suggest that 5FC could be used in lower doses to reduce host toxicity while maintaining antifungal efficacy.

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Cherewyk, Jensen E., Taylor J. Grusie-Ogilvie, Sarah E. Parker, Barry R. Blakley i Ahmad N. Al-Dissi. "The Impact of Storage Temperature and Time on Ergot Alkaloid Concentrations". Toxins 15, nr 8 (5.08.2023): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15080497.

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Ergot sclerotia produce toxic secondary metabolites, ergot alkaloids, that infect cereal crops and grasses. Ergot alkaloids have two isomeric configurations: the C-8-R-isomer (R-epimer), and the C-8-S-isomer (S-epimer). Ergot contaminated matrices, such as cereal grains or grasses, may be stored for extended periods at various temperatures before being analyzed, utilized, or consumed. This study assessed the concentration of six common ergot alkaloids in both configurations found in naturally contaminated wheat over time (one, two, and four months) at different temperatures (room temperature, +4 °C, and −20 °C) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The data indicate that the total ergot concentration within a natural contaminated sample varies over time at room temperature, +4 °C, and −20 °C. The total ergot concentration increased until month two, and decreased at month four, independent of temperature (p < 0.05). The total R-epimer concentration appeared to be less stable over time than the total S-epimer concentration. The changes in the total R and total S-epimer concentrations may have been caused by changes in the ergocristine and ergocristinine concentrations, respectively. Time and temperature should be considered when storing potentially contaminated matrices in a laboratory or practical agriculture situations. Quantification of ergot contaminated matrices should occur prior to their use to ensure the most reliable estimates of the concentration of ergot.

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Hinkle, Kenneth H., David L. Lambert i Robert F. Wing. "Molecular Bands in the 1.1-1.4 μm Spectra of M-S-C stars". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 106 (1989): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100062709.

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Spectra are presented in the J band (7400 to 9700 cm-1) for four Miras ranging in spectral type from M through C. All the program stars have been observed near minimum light. The program stars cover a considerable range in C/0 and the spectral features exhibit a progression as a function of C/0. The S-type stars contain strong bands not previously reported. Especially striking are two sets of triple-headed bands in the J-band spectrum of the S-type Mira R And. The bandheads, which are degraded to longer wavelengths, are at 7877, 7957, 8030 cm-1 and 8379, 8459, 8530 cm-1. The former triplet, which is the stronger of the two, also is present in the mild S star × Cyg but not in the M star R Cas. Additional heads are found in R And at 7477 cm-1, near the short wavelength edge of strong telluric absorption, and at 8968, 9031, 9063 cm-1. The bands are identified as the Δv = -1, 0, 1, and 2 sequences of a predicted (3II-3Δ) transition of ZrS. Additional conspicuous features in the spectra of × Cyg and R Cas are identified with V0, TiO, and H20 bands. These observations provide additional evidence that ZrS is responsible for the majority of the Keenan-Wing bands in the near infrared (0.7-1.1 μ). With additional laboratory work, the ZrS bands will provide an opportunity to measure sulfur abundances in late-type stellar photospheres.

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Karromallah, Muhammad Ikfi, Siti Latifah, Tri Widiastuti, Mahardika Putra Purba i Ibrahim Sumardi. "TINGKAT KESUBURAN TANAH PADA AREA REBOISASI ASRI DI KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG PALUNG KABUPATEN KETAPANG (Soil Fertility Level in Asri Reboization Area in Gunung Palung National Park Area Ketapang Regency)". JURNAL HUTAN LESTARI 10, nr 2 (5.10.2022): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jhl.v10i2.53519.

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Gunung Palung National Park (TNGP) is a protected forest area that has a very important ecological function. Deforestation activities that occur in the TNGP area have been overcome by implementing reforestation. However, there has not been a scientific study on the impact of reforestation activities on the value of soil fertility. The aim of the research was to compare soil fertility levels based on the physical and chemical properties of soil in open area land, reforestation land, and secondary forests in Gunung Palung National Park, Ketapang Regency. The research method was held by survey, taking soil samples in the land around the Gunung Palung National Park area, i.e., open area land, reforestation land, and secondary forest in Laman Satong village, Matan District, Ketapang Regency. Soil samples were taken by purposive sampling with techniques of sample random sampling (SRS). Soil analysis was carried out in the Laboratory of Chemistry and Soil Fertility, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanjungpura University. The value of soil fertility was held by analyzing the physical and chemical properties. The result of the research showed that secondary forest has a texture of sandy clay, bulk density 0.4 gr/cm3 (SR), pH 3.71 (SM), C-organic 8.17% (ST), N-total 0.86% (ST), CEC 20.27 (S) dan C/N 7.20 (R). Reforestation land has a sandy clay texture, bulk density 1.24gr/cm3 (R), pH 4.39 (SM), C-organic 2.61% (S), N-total 0.,35% (S), CEC 7.87 (R), C/N 7.40 (R). Open area land has a fairly good soil fertility level with a sandy clay texture, bulk density 0,98gr/cm3 (R), pH 4.31 (SM), C-organic 2.26% (S), N-total 0.32% (S), CEC 7.66 (R) dan C/N 8.65 (R). The conclusion of the research showed that the best soil fertility of the land was on the secondary forest, then follow by reforestation land of ASRI and the lowest in open land area.Keywords: Laman Satong Village, Reforestation Area, Soil FertilityAbstrakTaman Nasional Gunung Palung (TNGP) adalah kawasan hutan lindung yang memiliki fungsi ekologi sangat penting. Kegiatan deforestasi yang terjadi di kawasan TNGP telah dilakukan reboisasi, dan belum dilakukan kajian ilmiah dampak dari kegiatan reboisasi terhadap nilai kesuburan tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tingkat kesuburan tanah berdasarkan sifat fisik dan kimia tanah pada lahan reboisasi yayasan ASRI. Membandingkan tingkat kesuburan tanah pada lahan reboisasi dengan lahan terbuka, dan hutan sekunder di kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Palung Kabupaten Ketapang. Metode penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode survei, pengambilan sampel tanah di Desa Laman Satong, Kecamatan Matan, Kabupaten Ketapang. Pengambilan sampel tanah secara sampel random sampling (SRS). Analisis tanah dilakukan di laboratorium kimia dan kesuburan tanah Fakultas Pertanian UNTAN. Nilai kesuburan tanah dilakukan dengan menganalisis sifat fisik dan sifat kimia tanah dengan kriteria kesuburan tanah. Hutan sekunder memiliki tekstur lempung liat berpasir, bulk density 0,4gr/cm3 (SR), pH 3,71 (SM), C-organik 8,17% (ST), N-total 0,86% (ST), KTK 20,27 (S) dan C/N 7,20 (R). Lahan reboisasi memiliki tekstur lempung berpasir, bulk density 1,24gr/cm3 (R), pH 4,39 (SM), C-organik 2,61% (S), N-total 0,35% (S), KTK 7,87 (R), C/N 7,40 (R) . Lahan terbuka memiliki tingkat kesuburan tanah yang tergolong cukup baik dan memiliki tekstur lempung liat berpasir, bulk density 0,98gr/cm3 (R), pH 4,31 (SM), C-organik 2,26% (S), N-total 0,32% (S), KTK 7,66 (R) dan C/N 8,65 (R). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat kesuburan tanah terbaik pada lahan hutan sekunder kemudian pada lahan reboisasi ASRI dan yang terendah pada areal lahan terbuka.Kata Kunci: Desa Laman Satong, Area Reboisasi, Kesuburan Tanah,

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Wu, Xibao, Teng Zhang, Lang Pan, Lingyue Wang, Hongle Xu i Liyao Dong. "Germination Requirements Differ between Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl Resistant and Susceptible Japanese Foxtail (Alopecurus japonicus) Biotypes". Weed Science 64, nr 4 (grudzień 2016): 653–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-16-00040.1.

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Herbicide-resistant (R biotype) and -sensitive (S biotype) individuals were identified from the same population, and seed was increased for each biotype for three generations. We conducted laboratory experiments to determine the effects of temperature, light, salt stress, osmotic stress, pH, and burial depth on the germination and emergence of resistant and sensitive biotypes of Japanese foxtail. The results revealed that there was no difference in the final germination rate between the two biotypes under different temperature conditions, but time to obtain 50% germination or emergence (tE50) and mean germination time of the R biotype were higher than that of the S biotype at 10 C and 15/10 C 12-h day/night regime. In dark conditions, the final germination rate of the S biotype was higher and lower than that of the R biotype at 10 and 25 C, respectively. The overall germination rate of the R biotype was lower than that in the S biotype, and extended germination time was required in extreme conditions, such as 250 mM NaCl and −0.4 MPa osmotic potential. The change in environmental pH had no effect on the germination of the two biotypes. Emergence of the R biotype was lower than the S biotype when seed was buried at least 8 cm deep in an organic matter substrate. This study demonstrated the pleiotropic effects of a resistance allele on seed germination and emergence under different environmental conditions. Deep tillage could be used to reduce the growth and spread of resistant Japanese foxtail individuals.

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Kutílek, Štěpán, Martina Vracovská, Kamila Pečenková, Hana Brožíková, Richard Pikner i Zlatka Fejfarková. "Calcemia and Inflammatory Markers in Early-Onset Neonatal Infection". Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 62, nr 2 (2019): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2019.47.

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Introduction: Ionised hypocalcemia (S-Ca2+) has been repeatedly observed in neonates with sepsis. Our aim was to evaluate total calcemia (S-Ca) and its relationship to laboratory markers of infection. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated total calcemia (S-Ca) and its relationship to laboratory markers of sepsis/infection (serum levels of C-reactive protein – S-CRP and procalcitonin – S-PCT) in 29 full-term neonates with early-onset neonatal infection hospitalized at our neonatology ward between 2012 and 2016. The control group consisted of 705 neonates without infection. Results: In neonates with early-onset infection , the S-Ca on day 1, 2 and 3 was significantly lower (p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001; p = 0.05 versus controls) same as the pooled S-Ca (p < 0.0001 versus controls). There was a weak negative correlation between pooled S-Ca and S-PCT, or pooled S-Ca and S-CRP (r = −0.22, p = 0.06; r = −0.19, p = 0.09). Conclusion: S-Ca was decreased in neonates with early-onset infection and did show a slight tendency to inverse correlation with S-CRP and S-PCT. Pediatricians must be aware of the fact that a drop in total S-Ca should alert their attention to the risk of neonatal infection, and, likewise, that the children with neonatal infection are at a higher risk of hypocalcemia with all its consequences.

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Nazarov, Serdar, i Bayram Jumayev. "Project-based Laboratory Assignments to Support Digital Transformation of Education in Turkmenistan". Journal of Engineering Education Transformations 36, nr 1 (1.07.2022): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.16920/jeet/2022/v36i1/22135.

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Abstract: On 30th of November, 2018, by the Decree of the Esteemed President of Turkmenistan Gurbanguly Berdimuhammedov, there was accepted a Conception of developing digital economy in Turkmenistan in between 2019-2025. Moreover, on 15th of September, 2017, the Conception of developing digital education in Turkmenistan was approved as well. That is why, new, innovative methodologies and digital solutions are continuously being introduced to the educational system of Turkmenistan. Teaching and training undergraduate students, studying in the field of automation and control engineering, is a tough issue. Because, nowadays, for automation engineer, knowing physics, mathematics, theory of automation and electronics is not enough, moreover, they should also know basics of smart systems, if necessary, programming a microcontroller and methods of using necessary sensors when designing smart systems. In this regards, this paper provides useful information about the steps and key points of integrating digital solutions a n d mi c r o c o n t r o l l e r - b a s e d e d u c a t i o n a l methodologies into the undergraduate educational system of Turkmenistan. Moreover, the effect of the proposed method of teaching and appropriateness of the laboratory assignments were also analysed at the end of the course. As a microcontroller board, “Ardunio UNO” was selected as it is easy-to-learn. Keywords: smart systems, engineering courses, “Arduino UNO” board, methodology of achieving course objectives, Bloom's taxonomy

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Taubeneck, U. "R. C. Goss, Experimental Microbiology Laboratory Guide. 218 S., 15 Abb. Ames 1967: Iowa State University Press $ 5.95". Zeitschrift für allgemeine Mikrobiologie 9, nr 4 (24.01.2007): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jobm.19690090417.

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Herron, G. A., i M. A. Horwood. "Responses of Susceptible and Resistant Myzus Persicae (Sulzer) to Ntn-33893, 1990". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 16, nr 1 (1.01.1991): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/16.1.292.

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Abstract An insecticide-susceptible strain of GPA (S) cultured under insecticide-free conditions for several years and a multiresistant strain (M-R) were tested. Strain M-R was field collected from a peach and nectarine orchard sprayed with twice the recommended rate of Pirimor. Prior to testing, both strains were maintained on potted cabbage in a mass culture laboratory under natural light at 25 ± 4°C. Neither strain had been previously exposed to NTN-33893, a nitromethylene. Initial laboratory screening categorized strain M-R with a 4 fold resistance to Monitor 580 (580 g/liter EC), a 17 fold resistance to Pirimor (500 g/kg W) and a 27 fold resistance to Meta- Systox (i) (250 g/liter EC) compared to strain S. Electrophoretic examination showed that 50 M-R individuals consisted totally of the R2 variant. Aphids were exposed to NTN-33893 by spraying directly with a 2 ml aliquot solution through a Potter spray tower producing a deposit of 1.6 mg/cm2. Apterous virginoparous adults from both strains were sprayed with a range of serially diluted concentrations of NTN-33893 (200 g/liter soluable liquid) in groups of 12-15 aphids on a 9 cm filter paper discs. Eight replicates were done at each concentration for strain S except the 8 mg/liter concentration which had 4 replicates. Four replicates were done at each concentration for strain M-R. All replicates included water-only sprayed controls. After being sprayed, aphids were transferred to cabbage leaves and held at 22°C ± 1°C under constant illumination. Knockdown, defined as the inability to walk in a coordinated manner, was assessed after 48 h and log dose probability (ld-p) curves were calculated using probit regressions after correcting for control mortality. Ld-p curves were compared to the KD50 level by relative potency analysis. Residual deviances were calculated and the changes in deviance compared to the relevant 5% value of X2 to determine if the lines were parallel.

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Papadea, C., i J. C. Cate. "Identification and quantification of hemoglobins A, F, S, and C by automated chromatography". Clinical Chemistry 42, nr 1 (1.01.1996): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/42.1.57.

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Abstract The Bio-Rad Variant Hemoglobin Testing System is an automated HPLC analyzer marketed with a Beta-thalassemia Short Program to quantify hemoglobins (Hbs) F and A2 and assist in detecting Hbs A, S, C, D, and E. We evaluated this system to replace several traditional methods for Hb in our hospital laboratory. Analytical performance relevant to quantifying Hbs A, S, C, and F was assessed with blood samples obtained from our local patient population. Studies of precision (CVs < 3%) and analytical limits (% of total Hb) of Hbs A (2-86%), F (1-89%), S (5-90%), and C (3-92%) demonstrated results comparable with or exceeding those of traditional methods. Results for patients' samples (n) for Hbs A (107), F (157), S (128), and C (27) correlated well (r > 0.93) with results by traditional methods. The satisfactory performance and efficiency led us to implement this system for routine quantification of clinically significant Hbs.

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Kuratsune, Hirohiko, Etsuji Suehisa, Tomio Kawasaki, Takashi Machii, Teruo Kitani, Yoshinori Iwatani, Yuzuru Kanakura i Junzo Nojima. "Acquired Activated Protein C Resistance Associated with Anti-Protein S Antibody as a Strong Risk Factor for DVT in Non-SLE Patients". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 88, nr 11 (2002): 716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1613291.

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SummaryAnti-phospholipid (aPL) antibodies (Abs) are well known to be associated with thromboembolic events in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the clinical relevance of aPL Abs in patients without SLE (non-SLE) who have venous thromboembolism remains unclear. We evaluated 143 non-SLE patients with a first episode of clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) by using objective tests for diagnosing DVT and laboratory tests including the activated protein C resistance (APC-R) test, the factor V Leiden test, and various aPL Abs. The prevalence of acquired APC-R, in which case there was no factor V Leiden mutation, was significantly higher in patients with DVT (15/58 cases, 25.9%, p <0.0001) than in those without DVT (3/80 cases, 3.7%), and confirmed that acquired APC-R was a strong risk factor for DVT (odds ratio [OR], 8.95; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 2.45-32.7; p <0.001). Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that the presence of LA, aCL, anti- β2-glycoprotein I, anti-prothrombin and anti-protein C Abs was not reliable as a risk factor for DVT in non-SLE patients, and that the presence of anti-protein S Abs was the most significant risk factor for DVT (OR, 5.88; 95% CI, 1.96-17.7; p <0.002). Furthermore, the presence of anti-protein S Abs was strongly associated with acquired APC-R (OR, 57.8; 95% CI, 8.53-391; p <0.0001). These results suggest that acquired APC-R may reflect functional interference by anti-protein S Abs of the protein C pathway, which action may represent an important mechanism for the development DVT in non-SLE patients.

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Adnan, Syed, Javed Iqbal, Matti Maltamo, Muhammad Suleman Bacha, Asfandyar Shahab i Ruben Valbuena. "A Simple Approach of Groundwater Quality Analysis, Classification, and Mapping in Peshawar, Pakistan". Environments 6, nr 12 (7.12.2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments6120123.

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Groundwater is an important source of water for drinking, agriculture, and other household purposes, but high population growth, industrialization, and lack of oversight on environmental policies and implementation have not only degraded the quality but also stressed the quantity of this precious source of water. Many options existed, but this study evaluated, classified, and mapped the quality of groundwater used for potable consumption with a simple approach in an urban area (Peshawar valley) of Pakistan. More than 100 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for physio-chemical parameters in a laboratory. Hierarchal clustering analysis (HCA) and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis were sequentially applied to produce potential clusters/groups (groundwater quality classes), extract the threshold values of the clusters, classify and map the groundwater quality data into meaningful classes, and identify the most critical parameters in the classification. The HCA produced six distinct potential clusters. We found a high correlation of electrical conductivity with t o t a l h a r d n e s s ( R 2 = 0.72 ), a l k a l i n i t y ( R 2 = 0.59 ) and c h l o r i d e ( R 2 = 0.64 ) , and, t o t a l h a r d n e s s with c h l o r i d e ( R 2 = 0.62), and a l k a l i n i t y ( R 2 = 0.51). The CART analysis conclusively identified the threshold values of the six classes and showed that t o t a l h a r d n e s s was the most critical parameter in the classification. The majority of the groundwater was either with worse quality or good quality, and only a few areas had the worst groundwater quality. This study presents a simple tool for the classification of groundwater quality based on several aesthetic constituents and can assist decision makers develop and support policies and/or regulations to manage groundwater resources.

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Essawy, Aya, Mai Mehrez, Sara M. Shaheen, Hassan El Garem i Nagwa A. Sabri. "New incidence or recurrence hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in genotype 4 hepatitis C virus treated with sofosbuvir/daclatasvir with or without ribavirin". F1000Research 10 (30.05.2022): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.73076.2.

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Background: Several studies have resulted in controversial data about the recurrence or new incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis C who were treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Aim: This observational study aimed to assess the occurrence rate of HCC in patients who developed a sustained virological response (SVR).. METHOD: A six-month prospective study was done at the National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute [NHTMRI] in Cairo, Egypt on 150 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients treated with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir with or without ribavirin. Patients were assigned into two groups according to their laboratory values to either receive sofosbuvir/daclatasvir and ribavirin (S/D/R) or receive only sofosbuvir/daclatasvir (S/D). The main outcome measure was the occurrence of HCC. Results: SVR-12 was 100%. 8.5% of patients developed HCC in the S/D/R group, while 0% in the S/D group. Conclusion: New incidence or recurrence of HCC may occur in CHC genotype 4 cirrhotic patients receiving sofosbuvir/daclatasvir and ribavirin (difficult to treat) although achieving SVR. The cause of HCC development in this study is cirrhosis, not the administered DAAs.

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Essawy, Aya, Mai Mehrez, Sara M. Shaheen, Hassan El Garem i Nagwa Sabri. "New incidence or recurrence hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in genotype 4 hepatitis C virus treated with sofosbuvir/daclatasvir with or without ribavirin". F1000Research 10 (2.11.2021): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.73076.1.

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Background: Several studies have resulted in controversial data about the recurrence or new incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis C who were treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Aim: This observational study aimed to assess the occurrence rate of HCC in patients who developed a sustained virological response (SVR).. METHOD: A six-month prospective study was done at the National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute [NHTMRI] in Cairo, Egypt on 150 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients treated with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir with or without ribavirin. Patients were assigned into two groups according to their laboratory values to either receive sofosbuvir/daclatasvir and ribavirin (S/D/R) or receive only sofosbuvir/daclatasvir (S/D). The main outcome measure was the occurrence of HCC. Results: SVR-12 was 100%. 8.5% of patients developed HCC in the S/D/R group, while 0% in the S/D group. Conclusion: New incidence or recurrence of HCC may occur in CHC genotype 4 cirrhotic patients receiving sofosbuvir/daclatasvir and ribavirin (difficult to treat) although achieving SVR. The cause of HCC development in this study is cirrhosis, not the administered DAAs.

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Essawy, Aya, Mai Mehrez, Sara M. Shaheen, Hassan El Garem i Nagwa A. Sabri. "New incidence or recurrence hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in genotype 4 hepatitis C virus treated with sofosbuvir/daclatasvir with or without ribavirin". F1000Research 10 (3.07.2024): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.73076.3.

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Background: Several studies have resulted in controversial data about the recurrence or new incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis C who were treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Aim: This observational study aimed to assess the occurrence rate of HCC in patients who developed a sustained virological response (SVR). METHOD: A six-month prospective study was done at the National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute [NHTMRI] in Cairo, Egypt on 150 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients treated with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir with or without ribavirin. Patients were assigned into two groups according to their laboratory values to either receive sofosbuvir/daclatasvir and ribavirin (S/D/R) or receive only sofosbuvir/daclatasvir (S/D). The main outcome measure was the occurrence of HCC. Results: SVR-12 was 100%. 8.5% of patients developed HCC in the S/D/R group, while 0% in the S/D group. Conclusion: New incidence or recurrence of HCC may occur in CHC genotype 4 cirrhotic patients receiving sofosbuvir/daclatasvir and ribavirin (difficult to treat) although achieving SVR. The cause of HCC development in this study is cirrhosis, not the administered DAAs.

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Nguyen, Sean, David Fam, Daniel F. Sahm, Meredith Hackel, Roger Echols i Yoshinori Yamano. "789. Susceptibility of Phenotypic Subsets of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates to Cefiderocol and Comparator Agents from SIDERO-WT 2014-2019". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (1.11.2021): S491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.986.

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Abstract Background Multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes are frequently observed among P. aeruginosa (PsA) isolated from hospitalized patients. This study describes the in vitro activities of cefiderocol (CFDC) and comparator agents against various non-susceptible (NS) phenotypic subsets of MDR PsA isolates from the SIDERO-WT multi-national surveillance program. Methods Clinical PsA isolates were collected from North America (NA) and Europe in 2014-2019 and tested for susceptibility at a central laboratory. MICs (μg/ml) were determined for CFDC, ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA), ceftolozane-tazobactam (C/T), colistin, cefepime, meropenem (MEM), and ciprofloxacin by broth microdilution according to CLSI guidelines. Aztreonam-avibactam (avibactam fixed concentration of 4 µg/ml) and imipenem/relebactam (I/R) were only tested during SIDERO-WT Year 5 (i.e. 2019). Susceptibility was interpreted according to current FDA and 2021 CLSI breakpoints. Results The different phenotypic subsets and susceptibility of tested compounds are shown in the table. Among 7700 PsA isolates, 47.7% and 23% were from respiratory and gastrointestinal sources of infection. CFDC inhibited 97.5% and 99.9% of all PsA at its FDA-S and CLSI-S MIC breakpoint of ≤1 and ≤4, respectively. CFDC had the lowest MIC90 of all tested agents and >99% S at an MIC ≤4 for all phenotypic subsets. At a MIC ≤1, CFDC displayed high susceptibility rates against all subsets including ≥88% S against CZA-NS, C/T-NS, I/R-NS, and MEM+I/R-NS isolates. Against MDR subsets, comparator agents consistently demonstrated lower activity than CFDC; 88% of MEM+C/T-NS and MEM+CZA-NS isolates had a CFDC MIC≤1 while 15.6% and 20.3% were S to I/R, respectively. 86% of MEM+CZA+C/T-NS and 80.4% CZA+C/T+I/R-NS isolates were S to CFDC. CFDC inhibited 98.1% and 99.4% of PsA isolates from NA (n = 3548) at a MIC of ≤1 and ≤4, respectively. In NA isolates that were MEM+C/T-NS; 85.7% of PsA isolates had a MIC ≤1 to CFDC and 33.3% and 28.6% were S to CZA and I/R, respectively. MEM: Meropenem; NS: Non-susceptible; CZA: Ceftazidime/avibactam; C/T: Ceftolozane/tazobactam; I/R: Imipenem/relebactam Conclusion CFDC demonstrated potent in vitro activity against a variety of phenotypic subsets of MDR P. aeruginosa isolates as compared to agents that are commonly used to treat MDR PsA infections including strains NS to other agents. These data support the use of CFDC as an important treatment option for MDR PsA. Disclosures Sean Nguyen, PharmD, Shionogi Inc (Employee) David Fam, PharmD, Shionogi (Employee) Daniel F. Sahm, PhD, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Independent Contractor) Meredith Hackel, PhD MPH, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Independent Contractor) Roger Echols, MD, Shionogi (Consultant) Yoshinori Yamano, PhD, Shionogi (Employee)

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Hefnawy, Mohamed M., Maha A. Sultan i Mona M. Al-Shehri. "Direct Enantiomeric Resolution of Betaxolol with Application to Analysis of Pharmaceutical Products". Analytical Chemistry Insights 1 (styczeń 2006): 117739010600100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/117739010600100003.

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A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for the separation and determination of S- and R-enantiomers of betaxolol in tablets and ophthalmic preparations. Baseline resolution was achieved by using teicoplanin macrocyclic antibiotic chiral stationary phase (CSP) known as Chirobiotic T with fluorescence detection at excitation/emission wavelengths 275/305 nm. The polar ionic mobile phase (PIM) consists of methanol-glacial acetic acid-triethylamine, (100:0.020:0.025, v/v/v) has been used at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. All analytes with S-(-)-atenolol as internal standard were conducted at ambient temperature. The method is highly specific where another coformulated compounds did not interfere. The stability of betaxolol enantiomers under different degree of temperature also studied. The results showed that it is stable for at least 7 days at 70°C. The method validated for its linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. Experimental design was used during validation to evaluate method robustness. Using the chromatographic conditions described, S- and R-betaxolol were well resolved with mean retention times of 11.3 and 12.6 min, respectively. Linear response (r > 0.997) was observed over the range of 10-500 ng/ml of betaxolol enantiomers, with detection limit of 5 ng/ml. The recoveries of S- and R-betaxolol from tablets and ophthalmic preparation ranged from 97.4 to 101.4% and 98.0 to 102.0%, respectively. The mean relative standard deviation (R.S.D.%) for both enantiomers were 1.1-1.4% and 1.3-1.7% in tablets and ophthalmic solution, respectively.

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Lam, Truong Xuan, Nguyen Thi Phuong Lien i Nguyen Quang Cuong. "The functional response and predatory ability of the reduviid Coranus fuscipennis Reuter (Heteroptera: Reduviidae)) fed on the rice meal moth Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton)". Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 18, nr 2 (3.11.2020): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/18/2/14948.

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The reduviid Coranus fuscipennis Reuter (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) is an important predator for biological control the pests of vegetables in Vietnam. The functional response of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th nymphal instars and adult male and female of the predator C. fuscipennis to the larvae of rice meal moth Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was evaluated in laboratory conditions (temperature 30±2ºC; relative humidity 75±5%; and 14:10 h Light:Dark). The results show that the nymph and adult of C. fuscipennis responded to different densities of prey. They killed more number of prey at higher prey densities and less prey at lower prey densities that produced a curve linear type II functional response (Holling 1959). The maximum consumption was always found restricted when rearing the C. fuscipennis at high prey densities. The relationship between the predation rate of the C. fuscipennis and the prey densities was negative correlation (R is between 0.70 and 0.98), but between the number prey killed and the prey density is positive correlation. The searching time prey of the C. fuscipennis decreased when the prey densities increased that was confirmed by the negative correlation (R between 0.85 and 0.98). The reduviid C. fuscipennis bred by the C. cephalonica in laboratory and they can use for biological control some pests of vegetables (P rapae, S. litura and P. xylostella) in Vietnam.

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Adla, Soham, Neeraj Kumar Rai, Sri Harsha Karumanchi, Shivam Tripathi, Markus Disse i Saket Pande. "Laboratory Calibration and Performance Evaluation of Low-Cost Capacitive and Very Low-Cost Resistive Soil Moisture Sensors". Sensors 20, nr 2 (8.01.2020): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020363.

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Soil volumetric water content ( V W C ) is a vital parameter to understand several ecohydrological and environmental processes. Its cost-effective measurement can potentially drive various technological tools to promote data-driven sustainable agriculture through supplemental irrigation solutions, the lack of which has contributed to severe agricultural distress, particularly for smallholder farmers. The cost of commercially available V W C sensors varies over four orders of magnitude. A laboratory study characterizing and testing sensors from this wide range of cost categories, which is a prerequisite to explore their applicability for irrigation management, has not been conducted. Within this context, two low-cost capacitive sensors—SMEC300 and SM100—manufactured by Spectrum Technologies Inc. (Aurora, IL, USA), and two very low-cost resistive sensors—the Soil Hygrometer Detection Module Soil Moisture Sensor (YL100) by Electronicfans and the Generic Soil Moisture Sensor Module (YL69) by KitsGuru—were tested for performance in laboratory conditions. Each sensor was calibrated in different repacked soils, and tested to evaluate accuracy, precision and sensitivity to variations in temperature and salinity. The capacitive sensors were additionally tested for their performance in liquids of known dielectric constants, and a comparative analysis of the calibration equations developed in-house and provided by the manufacturer was carried out. The value for money of the sensors is reflected in their precision performance, i.e., the precision performance largely follows sensor costs. The other aspects of sensor performance do not necessarily follow sensor costs. The low-cost capacitive sensors were more accurate than manufacturer specifications, and could match the performance of the secondary standard sensor, after soil specific calibration. SMEC300 is accurate ( M A E , R M S E , and R A E of 2.12%, 2.88% and 0.28 respectively), precise, and performed well considering its price as well as multi-purpose sensing capabilities. The less-expensive SM100 sensor had a better accuracy ( M A E , R M S E , and R A E of 1.67%, 2.36% and 0.21 respectively) but poorer precision than the SMEC300. However, it was established as a robust, field ready, low-cost sensor due to its more consistent performance in soils (particularly the field soil) and superior performance in fluids. Both the capacitive sensors responded reasonably to variations in temperature and salinity conditions. Though the resistive sensors were less accurate and precise compared to the capacitive sensors, they performed well considering their cost category. The YL100 was more accurate ( M A E , R M S E , and R A E of 3.51%, 5.21% and 0.37 respectively) than YL69 ( M A E , R M S E , and R A E of 4.13%, 5.54%, and 0.41, respectively). However, YL69 outperformed YL100 in terms of precision, and response to temperature and salinity variations, to emerge as a more robust resistive sensor. These very low-cost sensors may be used in combination with more accurate sensors to better characterize the spatiotemporal variability of field scale soil moisture. The laboratory characterization conducted in this study is a prerequisite to estimate the effect of low- and very low-cost sensor measurements on the efficiency of soil moisture based irrigation scheduling systems.

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Son, I. M., M. A. Ivanova, T. V. Vavilova, V. V. Lyutsko, O. I. Sachek, L. P. Oskova i A. V. Vorykhanov. "Time norms for laboratory tests by specialists of clinical diagnostic and microbiological laboratories". Manager Zdravoochranenia, nr 3 (1.03.2021): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21045/1811-0185-2021-3-40-45.

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Introduction. Changes in material and technical conditions and the introduction of high-tech methods in the field of health care, as in any other industry, indicates the need to study the work process of specialists in order to make organizational decisions to optimize their activities. Purpose of the study: to establish the norms of time for laboratory research and the structure of working time costs for specialists with higher education engaged in clinical laboratory diagnostics. M a t e r i a l a n d m e t h o d s . As part of the implementation of the action plan (“road map”) for the approval of standard sectoral labor standards in the health sector in 2016–2020. With the involvement of the main specialists of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in the pilot regions of the country, photo-timing studies and an expert assessment of the working process of specialists with higher education engaged in laboratory diagnostics were carried out. Photo-timing research and expert assessment of the workflow of specialists with higher education engaged in laboratory diagnostics were carried out using specially developed maps of technological operations, on the basis of which statistical data processing was carried out and the costs of working time of specialists were determined. Calculations of time norms were carried out taking into account the performance of laboratory studies using automated and semi-automated workflow technologies and semi-automatic methods. To assess the data obtained, analytical research and analytical calculation methods were used, as well as expert (based on the experience of leading specialists in laboratory diagnostics) and statistical (data from forms of federal statistical observation № 30) methods. The study involved highly qualified specialists with at least five years of experience in this industry. R e s u l t s . It was found that in the structure of working time costs of specialists with higher education, engaged in laboratory diagnostics, more than half of the working time (54.3%) is occupied by the main activity, work with medical documentation takes up to 14.5% of the working time. The minimum time in the structure of working time costs falls on other activities (4.1%). C o n c l u s i o n . The average duration of various types of laboratory research has been established, which will allow rationally planning the volume of activities and calculating the number of specialists with higher education to perform clinical laboratory research using modern technologies in the labor process.

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Chandrashekar, Preeti, Ravikumar Manickam, Xiaojia Ge, Sabeera Bonala, Craig McFarlane, Mridula Sharma, Walter Wahli i Ravi Kambadur. "Inactivation of PPARβ/δ adversely affects satellite cells and reduces postnatal myogenesis". American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 309, nr 2 (15.07.2015): E122—E131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00586.2014.

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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ ( PPARβ/δ) is a ubiquitously expressed gene with higher levels observed in skeletal muscle. Recently, our laboratory showed (Bonala S, Lokireddy S, Arigela H, Teng S, Wahli W, Sharma M, McFarlane C, Kambadur R. J Biol Chem 287: 12935–12951, 2012) that PPARβ/δ modulates myostatin activity to induce myogenesis in skeletal muscle. In the present study, we show that PPARβ/δ-null mice display reduced body weight, skeletal muscle weight, and myofiber atrophy during postnatal development. In addition, a significant reduction in satellite cell number was observed in PPARβ/δ-null mice, suggesting a role for PPARβ/δ in muscle regeneration. To investigate this, tibialis anterior muscles were injured with notexin, and muscle regeneration was monitored on days 3, 5, 7, and 28 postinjury. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed an increased inflammatory response and reduced myoblast proliferation in regenerating muscle from PPARβ/δ-null mice. Histological analysis confirmed that the regenerated muscle fibers of PPARβ/δ-null mice maintained an atrophy phenotype with reduced numbers of centrally placed nuclei. Even though satellite cell numbers were reduced before injury, satellite cell self-renewal was found to be unaffected in PPARβ/δ-null mice after regeneration. Previously, our laboratory had showed (Bonala S, Lokireddy S, Arigela H, Teng S, Wahli W, Sharma M, McFarlane C, Kambadur R. J Biol Chem 287: 12935–12951, 2012) that inactivation of PPARβ/δ increases myostatin signaling and inhibits myogenesis. Our results here indeed confirm that inactivation of myostatin signaling rescues the atrophy phenotype and improves muscle fiber cross-sectional area in both uninjured and regenerated tibialis anterior muscle from PPARβ/δ-null mice. Taken together, these data suggest that absence of PPARβ/δ leads to loss of satellite cells, impaired skeletal muscle regeneration, and postnatal myogenesis. Furthermore, our results also demonstrate that functional antagonism of myostatin has utility in rescuing these effects.

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Gosselin, Robert, Richard White, Rose Hutchinson, Jennifer Branch, Kathy Mahackian, Marilyn Johnston, Edward Larkin i John Owings. "A Comparison of Point-of-Care Instruments Designed for Monitoring Oral Anticoagulation with Standard Laboratory Methods". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 83, nr 05 (2000): 698–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1613895.

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SummaryOur study compared point-of-care (POC) device monitoring with traditional clinical laboratory methods device of patients on oral anticoagulant therapy. The POC devices used in the study were Coumatrak, CoaguChek, CoaguChek Plus, Thrombolytic Assessment System (TAS) PT-One, TAS PTNC, TAS PT, Hemachron Jr. Signature, Protime Microcoagulation System, and Medtronics ACT II. The clinical laboratory method used thromboplastins with different ISI values: Innovin and Thromboplastin C Plus (TPC). All POC INRs showed strong correlation with both laboratory methods, with correlation coefficients of >0.900. All POC methods demonstrated a significant (p <0.05) difference in INR values, except the TAS PTNC and ACT II INRs (p: 0.12 and 0.71 respectively) when compared with Innovin INRs. All POC INRs were significantly different from TPC generated INRs (p <0.05). Comparisons of the POC INRs to the group mean of the POC methods, show higher correlation (R>0.93), but there were still significant (p<0.05) differences noted between the POC group INR mean and CoaguChek Plus, ACT II, TAS PT-One, TAS PTNC, and Hemachron Jr Signature INRs. These data indicate that POC INR biases exist between laboratory methods and POC devices. Until a suitable whole blood INR standardization method is available, we conclude that clinicians using point-of-care anticoagulation monitoring should be aware of differences between POC and parent laboratory values.

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Kariuki, Nancy N., Deborah J. Myers, Jae Hyung Park, Xiaohua Wang i Rajesh Ahluwalia. "Potential Dependence of Ir Dissolution Using Time-Resolved Measurements". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, nr 36 (28.08.2023): 1961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01361961mtgabs.

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Electrocatalysis efforts in low temperature, PEM-based electrolysis tend to focus on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) since it is several orders of magnitude kinetically slower than its counterpart, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). 1 In comparison to other OER catalysts, Ir-based metal oxides (IrOx) 2-6 are regarded as the best PEM electrolyzer electrocatalysts as they are both active and are relatively stable.7, 8 However, even Ir-based electrocatalysts slowly undergo dissolution under the operating conditions of the electrolyzer anode. 9-10, 7 Considering the low Earth abundance and high-cost of Ir, understanding the kinetics and mechanism of its electrochemical dissolution is of vital importance to develop strategies targeting high activity, long-term stability, and limited metal dissolution in acidic media. Mechanistic studies of both OER and dissolution at the solid–liquid interface are more challenging, as they typically require detection of reaction intermediates with short lifetimes. An electrochemical cell coupled to a highly-sensitive analytical technique provides a platform for detection of dissolution products and may help to resolve the degradation pathway of Ir and its oxides and the correlation to the OER mechanism. In this work, we aim to understand the structure-durability relation for different Ir oxides. An electrochemical flow cell system connected to an inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) capable of detecting trace concentrations (<ppb) of dissolved elements in solution is used to investigate the dissolution processes of Ir from the oxides. The influence of various parameters such as potential, potentiodynamic profile parameters (e.g., scan rate, upper and lower potential limits) and catalyst type, on the dissolution processes in acidic electrolytes at room temperature will be investigated. Fundamental models have been developed to explain the mechanisms of the dissolution processes under various conditions. Moreover, the structural changes before and after catalyst testing will be studied. Further, the electrochemical data combined with the ICP-MS data will be correlated with X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to obtain a comprehensive view of the oxide structure. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office (HFTO) under the H2NEW Consortium. This work was authored in part by Argonne National Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science laboratory operated for DOE by UChicago Argonne, LLC under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. References M. Alia, B. Rasimick, C. Ngo, K. C. Neyerlin, S. S. Kocha, S. Pylypenko, H. Xu, B. S. Pivovar, J. Electrochem. Soc., 163, F3105 (2016). M. Alia, M. -A. Ha, G. C. Anderson, C. Ngo, S. Pylypenko, R. E. Larsen, J. Electrochem. Soc., 166, F1243 (2019). Cherevko, S. Geiger, O. Kasian, N. Kulyk, J. P. Grote, A. Savan, B. R. Shrestha, S. Merzlikin, B. Breitbach, A. Ludwig, et al., Catal. Today, 262, 170 (2016). Lee, J. Suntivich, K. J. May, E. E. Perry, Y. Shao-Horn, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 3, 399 (2012). F. Abbott, D. Lebedev, K. Waltar, M. Povia, M. Nachtegaal, E. Fabbri, C. Copéret, T. J. Schmidt, Chem. Mater., 28, 6591 (2016). N. Nong, T. Reier, H.-S. Oh, M. Gliech, P. Paciok, T. H. T. Vu, D. Teschner, M. Heggen, V. Petkov, R. Schlögl, et al., Nat. Catal. , 1, 841(2018). Danilovic, R. Subbaraman, K.-C. Chang, S. H. Chang, Y. J. Kang, J. Snyder, A. P. Paulikas, D. Strmcnik, Y.-T. Kim, and D. Myers, J. Phys.Chem. Lett., 5, 2474 (2014). Reier, M. Oezaslan, and P. Strasser, ACS Catalysis, 2, 1765 (2012). Cherevko, S. Geiger, O. Kasian, N. Kulyk, J.-P. Grote, A. Savan, B. R. Shrestha, S. Merzlikin, B. Breitbach, A. Ludwig, K. J. J. Mayrhofer, Catal. Today, 262, 170 (2016). Kasian, S. Geiger, P. Stock, G. Polymeros, B. Breitbach, A. Savan, A. Ludwig, S. Cherevko, K. J. J. Mayrhofer, J. Electrochem. Soc., 163, F3099 (2016).

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Belyaev, B. N., i N. M. Beregovaya. "New technology of Black Sea algae Gelidium spinosum (S. G. Gmelin) P. C. Silva (Rhodophyta) cultivation". Marine Biological Journal 4, nr 1 (31.03.2019): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.1.01.

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The results of long-term studies of conditions of cultivation of red Black Sea algae Gelidium spinosum (S. G. Gmelin) P. C. Silva (Rhodophyta) in Silva P. C., Basson P. W. & Moe R. L. 1996: 141 in the systems of engineering type aimed at increasing R-phycoerythrin concentration are given. The systems were developed on the basis of studying the influence of temperature, light and regimes of the nutrient medium flow saturated with carbon dioxide on the biomass growth and were protected by several patents. Anti-fouling methods were also taken into consideration while developing the systems. The relevance of the work is determined by the value of G. spinosum, which is a natural pigment and food dye, a powerful antioxidant used in immune diagnosis, microscopy and cytometry, the cost of which is estimated at $3250–14000 per 1 gram. The aim of the work was to optimize Black Sea G. spinosum cultivation conditions in the coastal systems of engineering type for increasing the yield of the R-phycoerythrin per unit of the area of cultivators. As the material we used G. spinosum from fouling of the rocks and shore protection structures in the vicinity of Sevastopol, which was cultivated in the laboratory setup at the temperature in the range of 15–27 °C, light intensity 10–25 klx in the regime of 18 h day : 6 h night, variations of flow of the nutrient medium using the Black Sea water with addition of salt, salts of nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, magnesium and manganese. At the last stage of the work the yield was (96.2 ± 8.8) g·m−2·day−1 of G. spinosum wet weight. At the lowest harvest of 87.4 g·m−2, with a minimum of dry matter of 36 % and the content of phycoerythrin to 12 mg·g−1, the pigment yield of R-phycoerythrin will be 378.6 mg·m−2·day−1. In the future, the coastal system of the cultivators with the depth of 0.5 m and mirror surface area of 1 ha (when working only 300 days a year) will produce not less than 1100 kg of R-phycoerythrin.

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Arends, S. J. Ryan, Dee Shortridge, Mariana Castanheira, Jennifer M. Streit i Robert K. Flamm. "1047. Global Surveillance: Susceptibility of Ceftolozane–Tazobactam Against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Collected From Bloodstream Infections in the United States From 2015 to 2017". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (listopad 2018): S313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.884.

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Abstract Background Ceftolozane–tazobactam (C-T) is an antibacterial combination of a novel antipseudomonal cephalosporin and a β-lactamase inhibitor. C-T was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2014 and by the European Medicines Agency in 2015 to treat complicated urinary tract infections, acute pyelonephritis, and complicated intra-abdominal infections. The Program to Assess Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Susceptibility (PACTS) monitors Gram-negative (GN) isolates resistant to C-T worldwide. In the current study, isolates were collected from patients hospitalized with bloodstream infections (BSIs) from 2015 to 2017 within the United States. Methods A total of 3,377 prevalence-based BSI GN isolates, including Escherichia coli (EC; 1,422), Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPN, 630), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA; 344), were collected during 2015 to 2017 from 32 PACTS hospitals in the United States. Isolates were tested for C-T susceptibility by CLSI broth microdilution method in a central monitoring laboratory (JMI Laboratories). Other antibiotics tested were amikacin (AMK), cefepime (FEP), ceftazidime (CAZ), colistin (COL), levofloxacin (LVX), meropenem (MEM), and piperacillin–tazobactam (TZP). Antibiotic-resistant phenotypes analyzed (CLSI, 2018) for EC and KPN included carbapenem-R (CR) and non-CR extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL); as well as CAZ-nonsusceptible (CAZ-NS), MEM-NS, and COL-NS PSA. Results Of the 3,377 BSI GN isolates, 3,219 (95.3%) had a C-T MIC ≤ 4 mg/L. The three most prevalent GN species isolated from BSIs were EC (42.1%), KPN (18.7%), and PSA (10.2%). The %S of C-T and comparators for the top three pathogens are shown in the table. C-T showed activity against these isolates with %S of ≥96.0% against all three species. Of the comparators tested, AMK and COL also had high %S against these isolates. Conclusion C-T demonstrated activity against the most prevalent contemporary GN isolates from BSIs in the US. C-T was the only beta-lactam that had ≥96%S against all three species: EC, KPN, and PSA. For PSA, C-T maintained activity (>90%S) against isolates resistant to CAZ, TZP, and MEM. These data suggest that C-T may be a useful treatment for GN BSI. Disclosures S. J. R. Arends, Merck: Research Contractor, Research support. D. Shortridge, Merck: Research Contractor, Research support. M. Castanheira, Merck: Research Contractor, Research support. J. M. Streit, Merck: Research Contractor, Research support. R. K. Flamm, Merck: Research Contractor, Research support.

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Ruperto, Mar, i Guillermina Barril. "Nutritional Status, Body Composition, and Inflammation Profile in Older Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 4–5: A Case-Control Study". Nutrients 14, nr 17 (3.09.2022): 3650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14173650.

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Nutritional status is a predictor of adverse outcomes and mortality in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (ACKD). This study aimed to explore and evaluate risk factors related to nutritional status, body composition, and inflammatory profile in patients with ACKD compared with age- and sex-matched controls in a Mediterranean cohort of the Spanish population. Out of 200 volunteers recruited, 150 participants (64%) were included, and a case-control study was conducted on 75 ACKD patients (stages 4–5), matched individually with controls at a ratio of 1:1 for both age and sex. At enrolment, demographic, clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory parameters were measured. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) was used to assess both body composition and hydration status. ACKD patients had lower body cell mass (BCM%), muscle mass (MM%) phase angle (PA), s-albumin, and higher C-reactive protein (s-CRP) than controls (at least, p < 0.05). PA correlated positively with BCM% (cases: r = 0.84; controls: r = 0.53, p < 0.001), MM% (cases: r = 0.65; controls: r = 0.31, p < 0.001), and inversely with s-CRP (cases: r = −0.30, p < 0.001; controls: r = −0.31, p = 0.40). By univariate and multivariate conditional regression analysis, total body water (OR: 1.186), extracellular mass (OR: 1.346), s-CRP (OR: 2.050), MM% (OR: 0.847), PA (OR: 0.058), and s-albumin (OR: 0.475) were significantly associated among cases to controls. Nutritional parameters and BIA-derived measures appear as prognostic entities in patients with stage 4–5 ACKD compared to matched controls in this Mediterranean cohort.

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Shortridge, Dee, Leonard R. Duncan, Michael A. Pfaller i Robert K. Flamm. "Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftolozane–Tazobactam Tested against Contemporary (2012–2016) Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates by US Census Division". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S371—S372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.912.

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Abstract Background Ceftolozane-tazobactam (C-T) is a combination of a novel antipseudomonal cephalosporin and a well-described β-lactamase inhibitor. C-T was approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration in 2014 for complicated urinary tract infections, including acute pyelonephritis and complicated intra-abdominal infections. C-T is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia. The Program to Assess Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Susceptibility (PACTS) monitors C-T resistance to gram-negative (GN) isolates worldwide. In this study, the activities of C-T and comparators vs. GN isolates from each of the 9 US Census divisions were compared. Methods A total of 18,856 Enterobacteriaceae (ENT) and 4,735 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA) isolates were collected from 32 US hospitals in 2012–2016. Isolates were tested for susceptibility (S) to C-T and comparators by CLSI broth microdilution methodology in a central monitoring laboratory. Other antibiotics tested included amikacin (AMK), ceftazidime (CAZ), colistin (COL), meropenem (MER), and piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP). The following resistant phenotypes were analyzed for ENT: carbapenem resistant (CRE); extended-spectrum β-lactamase phenotype screen-positive (ESBL); and ESBL, nonCRE. or PSA, MER-nonsusceptible (NS), TZP-NS, and CAZ-NS isolates were analyzed. CLSI (2017) interpretive criteria were used. Results For all ENT, 94.2% were S to C-T, 91.5% were S to TZP, 98.0% were S to MER, and 98.8% were S to AMK; 1,697 (9.0%) were ESBL, nonCRE and 356 (1.9%) were CRE. For all PSA isolates, 97.4% were S to C-T, 99.3% were S to COL, 96.9% were S to AMK, and 81.2% were S to MER. The % C-T S for each division (DIV) are shown in the table. The % C-T S for ENT ranged from 98.1% (DIV 4) to 87.4% (DIV 2) and % C-T S for ESBL, nonCRE ranged from 93.8% in DIV 4 to 79.8% in DIV 7. For PSA, the % C-T S ranged from 99.6% in DIV 4 to 94.9% in DIV 9. Activity of C-T against PSA NS to MER, CAZ or TZP varied by division and was >80% for all except DIV 9. Conclusion Against PSA, only COL was more active than C-T. C-T demonstrated potent activity against PSA NS to other β-lactams. For ENT, overall activity was good. For both PSA and ENT, C-T varied by DIV. Disclosures D. Shortridge, Merck: Research Contractor, Research grant; L. R. Duncan, Merck: Research Contractor, Research grant; M. A. Pfaller, Merck: Research Contractor, Research grant; R. K. Flamm, Merck: Research Contractor, Research grant

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Fekih, Ibtissem Ben, Annette Bruun Jensen, Sonia Boukhris-Bouhachem, Gabor Pozsgai, Salah Rezgui, Christopher Rensing i Jørgen Eilenberg. "Virulence of Two Entomophthoralean Fungi, Pandora neoaphidis and Entomophthora planchoniana, to Their Conspecific (Sitobion avenae) and Heterospecific (Rhopalosiphum padi) Aphid Hosts". Insects 10, nr 2 (13.02.2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10020054.

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Pandora neoaphidis and Entomophthora planchoniana (phylum Entomophthoromycota) are important fungal pathogens on cereal aphids, Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi. Here, we evaluated and compared for the first time the virulence of these two fungi, both produced in S. avenae cadavers, against the two aphid species subjected to the same exposure. Two laboratory bioassays were carried out using a method imitating entomophthoralean transmission in the field. Healthy colonies of the two aphid species were exposed to the same conidial shower of P. neoaphidis or E. planchoniana, in both cases from a cadaver of S. avenae. The experiments were performed under LD 18:6 h at 21 °C and a successful transmission was monitored for a period of nine days after initial exposure. Susceptibility of both S. avenae and R. padi to fungal infection showed a sigmoid trend. The fitted nonlinear model showed that the conspecific host, S. avenae, was more susceptible to E. planchoniana infection than the heterospecific host R. padi, was. In the case of P. neoaphidis, LT50 for S. avenae was 5.0 days compared to 5.9 days for R. padi. For E. planchoniana, the LT50 for S. avenae was 4.9 days, while the measured infection level in R. padi was always below 50 percent. Our results suggest that transmission from conspecific aphid host to heterospecific aphid host can occur in the field, but with expected highest transmission success to the conspecific host.

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Balzarini, J., C. Pannecouque, E. De Clercq, S. Aquaro, C. F. Perno, H. Egberink i A. Holý. "Antiretrovirus Activity of a Novel Class of Acyclic Pyrimidine Nucleoside Phosphonates". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, nr 7 (lipiec 2002): 2185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.7.2185-2193.2002.

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ABSTRACT A novel class of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates has been discovered in which the base consists of a pyrimidine preferably containing an amino group at C-2 and C-4 and a 2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy (PMEO) or a 2-(phosphonomethoxy)propoxy (PMPO) group at C-6. The 6-PMEO 2,4-diaminopyrimidine (compound 1) and 6-PMPO 2,4-diaminopyrimidine (compound 11) derivatives showed potent activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the laboratory (i.e., CEM and MT-4 cells) and in primary (i.e., peripheral blood lymphocyte and monocyte/macrophage) cell cultures and pronounced activity against Moloney murine sarcoma virus in newborn NMRI mice. Their in vitro and in vivo antiretroviral activity was comparable to that of reference compounds 9-[(2-phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (adefovir) and (R)-9-[(2-phosphonomethoxy)-propyl]adenine (tenofovir), and the enantiospecificity of (R)- and (S)-PMPO pyrimidine derivatives as regards their antiretroviral activity was identical to that of the classical (R)- and (S)-9-(2-phosphonomethoxy)propyl purine derivatives. The prototype PMEO and PMPO pyrimidine analogues were relatively nontoxic in cell culture and did not markedly interfere with host cell macromolecular (i.e., DNA, RNA, or protein) synthesis. Compounds 1 and 11 should be considered attractive novel pyrimidine nucleotide phosphonate analogues to be further pursued for their potential as antiretroviral agents in the clinical setting.

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Zhang, Hanguang, John Weiss, Luigi Osmieri i Piotr Zelenay. "M-N-C-Supported Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reduction Reaction". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, nr 26 (28.08.2023): 1703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01261703mtgabs.

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Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (CO2RR) is a promising approach to converting CO2 into value-added chemicals using renewable electricity and to ultimately reducing the dependence on fossil resources. However, achieving sufficient activity and selectivity in economically viable CO2 electrolyzers presents a great challenge for CO2RR catalysts.1 Carbons are an important and particularly suitable component of a majority of CO2RR catalysts due to their excellent electronic conductivity, relatively easily achievable high porosity and hierarchical pore structure.2, 3 Thanks to these benefits, the metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) materials, containing at least 95 at% of carbon, have attracted special interest due to their promising selectivity for CO in CO2RR.4 In particular, the Ni-N-C support has been used to improve selectivity of Cu-based CO2RR catalysts for ethylene, attributed to the enhancement of CO generation during CO2RR.5 However, a comprehensive study is still needed to understand the effect of composition and morphology of M-N-C materials as supports for CO2RR. In this presentation, we will summarize the results of our recent study that has focused on the effect of composition (e.g., different metal centers) and morphology (e.g., porosity) of M-N-C supports on the activity and selectivity of metal (e.g., Cu) nanoparticles. We will specifically concentrate on possible advantages/disadvantages of using M-N-C materials as performance enhancing supports rather than autonomous CO2RR electrocatalysts. Acknowledgement Research presented in this work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program of Los Alamos National Laboratory under project number 20230065DR. References (1) Masel, R. I.; Liu, Z.; Yang, H.; Kaczur, J. J.; Carrillo, D.; Ren, S.; Salvatore, D.; Berlinguette, C. P. An industrial perspective on catalysts for low-temperature CO2 electrolysis. Nature Nanotechnology 2021, 16 (2), 118-128. (2) Jhong, H.-R. M.; Tornow, C. E.; Kim, C.; Verma, S.; Oberst, J. L.; Anderson, P. S.; Gewirth, A. A.; Fujigaya, T.; Nakashima, N.; Kenis, P. J. A. Gold Nanoparticles on Polymer-Wrapped Carbon Nanotubes: An Efficient and Selective Catalyst for the Electroreduction of CO2. ChemPhysChem 2017, 18 (22), 3274-3279. (3) Baturina, O. A.; Lu, Q.; Padilla, M. A.; Xin, L.; Li, W.; Serov, A.; Artyushkova, K.; Atanassov, P.; Xu, F.; Epshteyn, A.; et al. CO2 Electroreduction to Hydrocarbons on Carbon-Supported Cu Nanoparticles. ACS Catalysis 2014, 4 (10), 3682-3695. (4) Liang, S.; Huang, L.; Gao, Y.; Wang, Q.; Liu, B. Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to CO over Transition Metal/N-Doped Carbon Catalysts: The Active Sites and Reaction Mechanism. Advanced Science 2021, 8 (24), 2102886. (5) Wang, X.; de Araújo, J. F.; Ju, W.; Bagger, A.; Schmies, H.; Kühl, S.; Rossmeisl, J.; Strasser, P. Mechanistic reaction pathways of enhanced ethylene yields during electroreduction of CO2–CO co-feeds on Cu and Cu-tandem electrocatalysts. Nature Nanotechnology 2019, 14 (11), 1063-1070.

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Vijayabharathi, Rajendran, Bhimineni Ratna Kumari, Arumugam Sathya, Vadlamudi Srinivas, Rathore Abhishek, Hari C. Sharma i Subramaniam Gopalakrishnan. "Biological activity of entomopathogenic actinomycetes against lepidopteran insects (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera)". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, nr 4 (maj 2014): 759–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2013-298.

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Vijayabharathi, R., Kumari, B. R., Sathya, A., Srinivas, V., Abhishek, R., Sharma, H. C. and Gopalakrishnan, S. 2014. Biological activity of entomopathogenic actinomycetes against lepidopteran insects (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 759–769. The aim of the present study was to identify an efficient broad-spectrum bio-pesticide for the control of lepidopteran insects from microbes in various ecological niches. A total of 111 microbes isolated from various herbal vermi-composts and organically cultivated fields were evaluated for their intracellular metabolites (ICM), extracellular metabolites (ECM) and whole culture (WC) against early instars of lepidopteran insects. Fifteen actinomycete isolates which showed insecticidal activity against 2nd instar Helicoverpa armigera were selected and further screened against Spodoptera litura and Chilo partellus. A significant broad spectrum insecticidal activity was found in the order ECM>ICM>WC against all the insects under laboratory conditions. All these actinomycete isolates also registered significant activity under greenhouse conditions on 2nd instar H. armigera. The actinomycete isolates were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing and matched with Streptomyces species using BLAST search. Among all the 15 isolates, SAI-25 (S. griseoplanus), CAI-155 (S. bacillaris) and BCA-698 (S. albolongus) showed consistent entomopathogenic activity against all the three insects suggesting their potential as broad-spectrum biocontrol agents against other lepidopterans.

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Dishwar, R. K., i O. P. Sinha. "Effect of partially reduced highly fluxed DRI pellets on impurities removal during steelmaking using a laboratory scale EAF". Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 58, nr 1 (2022): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb210319050d.

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The present work represents a comparative study on the impurities removal from pig iron melt by addition of partially reduced highly fluxed direct reduced iron (DRI) to make steel in a 2 kg capacity electric arc furnace (EAF). Three types of fluxed DRI (30, 50, 80% Reduction (%R) with similar basicity-8) were used to maintain different level of oxidizing potential on the bath for studying the kinetic behavior of impurities removal from melt. Results showed that the rate of removal of impurities (i.e. C, Si, Mn, P, S etc.) increased initially up to 5 minutes of reaction time then decreased afterwards. Phosphorus (~64%), sulfur (~16%), and carbon (~94%) were removed simultaneously up to 25 minutes of reaction time using 30%R fluxed DRI. Similarly, phosphorus (~33%), sulfur (~50%), and carbon (~62%) were removed simultaneously using 50%R fluxed DRI while highly reduced (80%R) flux DRI removed sulfur (~58%), carbon (~56%) with a small fraction of phosphorus (~18%) from pig iron. It was observed in all the cases that silicon (>99%) and manganese (>80%) were removed. From the present study, it can be concluded that ~30%R DRI is favorable for effective phosphorus removal whereas ~80%R is favorable for sulfur removal. The significant removal of impurities could be achieved by charging ~50%R fluxed DRI in the pig iron melt.

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Purnamasari, D., M. Nasir i Rina. "A Computational of benchmark model of resistance test at Indonesian Hydrodynamic Laboratory". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1081, nr 1 (1.09.2022): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1081/1/012025.

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Abstract Benchmarking are the activity of comparison of different methods, procedures, physical models to obtain the same target in order to achieve a better standard of performance and exercises provide a common basis for validation of numerical methods. The work develops on prior studies into benchmarks and uncertainty analysis for ship model resistance tests of LHI-007 was used for benchmark testing from 2010 to 2020 at the Indonesian Hydrodynamic Laboratory. A computational study based on the free-surface capturing approach performed with the FINE/Marine flow solver to predicted total resistance in calm water of four speed (1.63 m/s - 2.47 m/s). Verification and validation method studied uncertainty analysis for both for experimental and computational following the ITTC guidelines. The results show comparison between computed results and previous published experimental tests of total resistance (R T ) and coefficient total resistance (C T ) are done to validated CFD simulations. The result of this study concludes that predicted resistance of the benchmark model has reasonable accuracy that the present solver.

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DeBlock, Ryan H., Hunter O. Ford, Christopher N. Chervin, Debra R. Rolison, Michelle D. Johannes i Jeffrey W. Long. "Uncovering Electrochemical Cation-Storage Mechanisms in Defective Vanadium Ferrites Using Synchrotron-Quality, in-Lab X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, nr 47 (28.08.2023): 2520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01472520mtgabs.

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X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a critical tool for investigating new materials for electrochemical energy storage, providing important information on metal oxidation state and element-specific coordination. Historically, XAS measurements had required the energy specificity and brilliance of a synchrotron facility, but recent advances in detectors and optics are bringing XAS capabilities to the laboratory setting with multiple commercial instruments available. At the Naval Research Laboratory, we use laboratory-based XAS to study a class of disordered vanadium ferrite (VFe2Ox) aerogels that exhibit promising performance for electrochemical energy-storage applications such as rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.1,2 The structure and composition of these materials are readily varied via modifications to the epoxide-promoted sol–gel reaction of iron chloride and vanadium isopropoxide (e.g., substitution with other cations such as Al3+),2 as well as post-synthesis thermal treatments that render disordered, defective, or nanocrystalline forms of a given composition. The resulting series of VFe2Ox materials are evaluated by XAS in both ex situ and in situ configurations, including as powder-composite cathodes versus lithium metal in pouch cells with conventional nonaqueous lithium-ion electrolyte. X-ray Absorption Near-edge Spectroscopy (XANES) at the V K-edge and Fe K-edge is used to track V and Fe oxidation state, respectively, permitting the assignment of metal-centered redox across the broad potential range over which these materials are electrochemically active (2–3.4 V vs Li/Li+). Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) analysis provides information on V- or Fe-specific coordination as a function of composition, structure, and state-of-charge. Parallel computation efforts using Density-Functional Theory offer a complementary feedback loop with experimental XANES and EXAFS to achieve a sophisticated description of these complex battery materials. 1. C. N. Chervin, J. S. Ko, B. W. Miller, L. Dudek, A. N. Mansour, M. D. Donakowski, T. Brintlinger, P. Gogotsi, S. Chattopadhyay, T. Shibata, J. F. Parker, B. P. Hahn, D. R. Rolison, and J. W. Long, J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 12059 (2015). 2. C. N. Chervin, R. H. DeBlock, J. F. Parker, B. M. Hudak, N. L. Skeele, J. S. Ko, D. R. Rolison, and J. W. Long, RSC Adv. 11, 14495 (2021).

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DeBlock, Ryan H., Hunter O. Ford, Christopher N. Chervin, Debra R. Rolison, Michelle D. Johannes i Jeffrey W. Long. "Synchrotron Capabilities in a Laboratory Setting: In Situ X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Disordered Vanadium Ferrite Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, nr 55 (22.12.2023): 2706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02552706mtgabs.

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X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) provides important information on metal oxidation state and element-specific coordination, but data collection has historically required the energy specificity and brilliance of a synchrotron facility. Recent developments in detectors and optics are now bringing XAS capabilities to the laboratory setting through multiple commercially available instruments. At the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, we use laboratory-based XAS to explore the local electronic and atomic structure of a class of disordered vanadium ferrite (VFe2Ox) aerogels that exhibit promising performance for electrochemical energy-storage applications such as rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.1,2 These materials are synthesized by an epoxide-promoted sol– gel reaction of iron chloride and vanadium isopropoxide, with the resulting fluid-filled gels rendered as high surface area aerogels via supercritical-CO2 drying. During the initial sol–gel synthesis, electroinactive metals such as aluminum, zinc, and zirconium may also be substituted for vanadium and iron to alter the local electronic environment and corresponding electrochemical performance of VFe2Ox. Heat treatment of as-dried VFe2Ox aerogels under either O2-containing or inert atmosphere yields disordered or nanocrystalline variants, respectively. The resulting series of native and substituted VFe2Ox materials are evaluated as powder-composite cathodes versus lithium metal in coin cells with conventional nonaqueous lithium-ion electrolyte. We correlate such critical battery-performance parameters as total specific capacity, high-rate capability, and cycle life as a function of VFe2Ox composition and its degree of structural order/disorder, as measured with in-situ XANES and EXAFS. In parallel with experimental observations, calculations on VFe2Ox reveal that V incorporates into the defective spinel structure at tetrahedral sites and that both disorder induced by vacancies and Fe/V tetrahedral occupation lowers the overall energy and opens an electronic energy gap that establishes the redox sequence during lithiation. 1. C. N. Chervin, J. S. Ko, B. W. Miller, L. Dudek, A. N. Mansour, M. D. Donakowski, T. Brintlinger, P. Gogotsi, S. Chattopadhyay, T. Shibata, J. F. Parker, B. P. Hahn, D. R. Rolison, and J. W. Long, J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 12059 (2015). 2. C. N. Chervin, R. H. DeBlock, J. F. Parker, B. M. Hudak, N. L. Skeele, J. S. Ko, D. R. Rolison, and J. W. Long, RSC Adv. 11, 14495 (2021).

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Kamel, El-Reshaid, i Shaikha Al-Bader. "Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia; a common cause of drug-refractory hypertension yet amenable to medical treatment". Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, nr 1-s (15.02.2020): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i1-s.3862.

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Over the past 4 and 1/2 years, a total of 97 patients had hypertension yet lacked clinical, laboratory and radiological evidence of renal, renovascular and endocrine disease were investigated for A/R ratio. High A/R was detected in 30 patients. Five patients had unilateral adrenal adenoma and 1 had cancer while 24 patients (24.7%) had bilateral enlargements indicating bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH). Our study has shown that BAH is: (a) easily diagnosed with a combination of A/R ratio and CT scan of the adrenal gland, (b) responsible for 24.7% of hypertension cases, (c) associated with moderate to severe hypertension that may require 2-4 antihypertensives, (d) associated with hypokalemia in only in 54% of the cases, (e) not controlled with a single daily dose of Spironolactone (S) and ½ the cases require 50 mg/day. Moreover, it has shown that S treatment was not associated with significant hyperkalemia yet gynecomastia and erectile dysfunction were common side effects. Interestingly; and despite normalization of A/R ratio, most patients continue to require antihypertensive drugs though the number and dosage were less. The latter phenomenon was more evident in those with higher initial A/R ratio and longer duration of hypertension. Nephroangiosclerosis is the most plausible explanation for it. In conclusion; BAH is not a rare disease and should be considered in cases of refractory hypertension. Keywords: Aldosterone, Aldosterone/Renin ratio, hypertension, Spironolactone.

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Farooq, Muhammad, Xun Zhu, Muhammad Shakeel, Ayesha Iftikhar, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid, Nadia Saeed i Muhammad Shahid Arain. "Comparative analysis of the demographic parameters of seven spotted ladybird beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) reared on various host aphid species". PeerJ 8 (17.01.2020): e8313. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8313.

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Background The demographic parameters of the predacious seven spotted ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) reared on the following four host aphid species were compared: Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Sitobion avenae Fabricius (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Methods The developmental period, fecundity, adult preoviposition period, total preoviposition period and population parameters were evaluated based on the two-sex age-stage life table. The duration of the developmental stages and the population parameters were calculated with the TWOSEX-MSChart program, whereas population size was projected based on the two-sex age-stage life table data with the TIMING-MSChart program. Results The intrinsic rate of increase (r) was the highest in the R. padi predators (0.1946 per day), followed by the S. graminum (0.1435 per day), S. avenae (0.1400 per day), and R. maidis (0.1180 per day) predators. The differences in the net reproductive rate (R0) and the finite rate of increase (λ) when C. septempunctata was reared on the four aphid species were consistent with the r values. This trend was reversed for the mean generation time (T), which ranged from 29.02 days for the lady beetles reared on R. padi to 39.75 days for the lady beetles reared on R. maidis. Interestingly, R. padi was the most suitable host, while the congeneric R. maidis was the least suitable. The results of this study may be useful for future investigations regarding the ecological effects of predatory species and the mass-production of C. septempunctata in the laboratory for an augmentative release of an aphid predator.

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Aillaud, M. F., K. Pouymayou, D. Brunet, M. C. Alessi, J. Amiral i I. Juhan-Vague. "New Direct Assay of Free Protein S Antigen Applied to Diagnosis of Protein S Deficiency". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 75, nr 02 (1996): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1650261.

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SummaryCongenital deficiencies of protein S (PS) are associated with thrombophilia. Their characterization and classification have been hampered by the complex physiology of the protein C-protein S system and the poor standardization and reliability of laboratory assays. The free active form of protein S is usually determined by immunoassay using polyclonal antibodies in the plasma supemate after polyethyleneglycol (PEG) precipitation. A new one step ELISA using two monoclonal antibodies specific for distinct epitopes of the free form of protein S has been developed for the direct measurement of free PS in untreated plasma.We have tested two ELISA assays for free PS. One assay was based on the PEG precipitation (Asserachrom PS®, Stago, Asnières, France) whereas the other was a one step ELISA assay (Asserachrom® free PS, Stago). Values were obtained in 35 PS deficient patients recruited among 500 consecutive patients evaluated by the laboratory for diagnosis of congenital disorders of coagulation. Values were compared to those obtained in 50 patients with no PS deficiency matched for age and sex with the PS deficient patients as well as in 33 normal subjects and in 12 pregnant women. Strong correlation was found between the two tests (r = 0.81, p<10-5) in the entire population (n = 130), as well as in the separate groups. The new one step ELISA was more accurate than the PEG free PS determination. Determination of PS activity and antigens allowed us to separate quantitative and qualitative deficiencies. Among the qualitative deficiencies, isolated decrease in PS activity was the most frequent defect observed (66%). This fact questions the substitution of PS activity assays by the one step antigenic free PS ELISA assay.

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Patil, Varsha K., Kiran D. Patil, Shrikant Gaikwad i Satyajit Yadav. "QR Code-Based Pedagogy for Laboratory Resource Management in Indian Higher Education Institutes". Journal of Engineering Education Transformations 36, nr 4 (1.04.2023): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.16920/jeet/2023/v36i4/23117.

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Abstract: Blending digital education with traditional teaching learning requires revamping current pedagogical approaches. Recently India has adopted a New Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020). NEP 2020 has given the focus on skill-based blended education with multiple entries and exit facilities. The learners will learn the skills in the laboratory. Students with varying skill levels and edges interact and have the opportunity to observe human behaviours as a result of the multiple entry and exit points. On the other hand, these gatherings can be viewed as opportunities to develop appropriate resources for both administrations and users. Hence there is a need to deal with and introduce a novel approach for updating laboratory management, administration and student handling approach. This article proposes a new methodology with the Internet of things and QR code technology. Proposed method has quickly and readily reading capability of a two-dimensional barcode called a Quick response code (QR code) arranged in systematic manner for ease of operation. The Laboratory components such as noticeboard contents,l a b m a n u a l s , s a f e t y i n s t r u c t i o n s , v i d e o demonstrations, attendance can be methodically arranged and utilised in the efficient manner. In this research, we are presenting laboratory management system having a Raspberry Pi-based QR Code Scanner. The system implementation is implemented with OpenCV and the ZBar library to improve students' laboratory course learning experiences in higher education. Keywords: QR code; NEP 2020; raspberry pi; thingspeak cloud; lab management; Internet of Things.

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Alves de Paiva, Lígia, Wanessa De Carvalho Resende, Cinthia Luzia Teixeira Silva, André Cirilo De Sousa Almeida, Paulo Cesar Ribeiro da Cunha i Flávio Gonçalves de Jesus. "Resistance of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars to Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". Revista Colombiana de Entomología 44, nr 1 (5.08.2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v44i1.6531.

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Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) damages bean crops, resulting in decreased leaf area and destruction of reproductive structures. This study aimed to evaluate the types and levels of resistance of bean cultivars to S. frugiperda. The bean cultivars evaluated were: BRS Ametista, Pérola, BRS Notável, BRS Realce, Jalo Precoce, BRS Campeiro, BRS Agreste, BRS Cometa, BRS Executivo and BRS Pitanga, in the Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology of the Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, Brazil. Tests to identify levels of antixenosis, in free-choice and no-choice tests, and antibiosis were performed in the laboratory (25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 10 % R. H. and photophase of 14 h). The cultivars BRS Pitanga, BRS Executivo, BRS Notável and BRS Campeiro presented antixenosis and BRS Realce antibiosis to S. frugiperda. However, it is not known whether the levels of resistance exhibited in the laboratory are sufficiently high to be of any economic value to agriculture. Therefore, the next step is to evaluate, under field conditions, the cultivars showing the most resistance in laboratory tests. If field evaluations indicate sufficient levels of resistance to be of practical value, these cultivars may be used as donor sources in the breeding program or may be used directly by farmers.

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Yang, Gaoqiang, ChungHyuk Lee, Siddharth Komini Babu, Ulises Martinez, Xiaojing Wang i Jacob S. Spendelow. "Tuning Electrode-Membrane Interface for Highly Efficient Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, nr 35 (7.07.2022): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01351419mtgabs.

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Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are typically comprised of porous electrodes with randomly distributed mixtures of Pt/C catalyst and ionomer formed during the ink deposition process. The randomness of catalyst particles, ionomer films, and voids, create a non-ideal disordered electrode structure with high tortuosity. These intrinsic characteristics of conventional electrodes create significant challenges during PEMFC operation. These challenges include: 1) low catalyst utilization; 2) high O2 transport resistance to catalyst through the ionomer and pores of carbon support; and 3) limited electronic/protonic conductivities. To improve the performance of the PEMFC electrode, we have previously shown that structured electrodes based on a patterned membrane surface can increase the interfacial area between the electrode and the membrane, enhancing mass transport at high current densities, and augmenting its ionic conductivity.[1][2] In this work, we will present further optimization of these type of structured electrodes using free-standing architectures, reduced ionomer content, and new catalyst deposition processes. More importantly, these newly tuned electrode structures can improve the performance of PEMFCs by maximizing three-phase boundaries and optimizing the electron, proton, gas, and water transport paths. Acknowledgement: We gratefully acknowledge support from the Laboratory Directed Research & Development Program at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Reference: [1] S. K. Babu, R. Mukundan, D. A. Cullen, and J. S. Spendelow, “Co-Axial Nafion Nanowire Electrode.” ECS, Oct. 15, 2019. [2] S. K. Babu, J. S. Spendelow, and R. L. Borup, “Meso-Structured Array Electrode for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells.” ECS, Oct. 03, 2017.

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Shortridge, Dee, Leonard R. Duncan, Michael a. Pfaller i Robert K. Flamm. "Activity of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam and Comparators When Tested against Bacterial Surveillance Isolates Collected from Pediatric Patients in the US during 2012–2016 as Part of a Global Surveillance Program". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.898.

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Abstract Background Ceftolozane-tazobactam (C-T) is an antibacterial combination of a novel antipseudomonal cephalosporin and a β-lactamase inhibitor. C-T was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2014 and by the European Medicine Agency in 2015 to treat complicated urinary tract infections, acute pyelonephritis, and complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults. The Program to Assess Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Susceptibility (PACTS) monitors C-T resistance to gram-negative (GN) isolates worldwide. Methods A total of 4121 GN isolates were collected during 2012–2016 from pediatric patients (<18 years old) in 31 US hospitals and tested for C-T susceptibility (S) by CLSI broth microdilution method in a central monitoring laboratory (JMI Laboratories). Other antibiotics tested were amikacin (AMK), cefepime (FEP), ceftazidime (CAZ), colistin (COL), levofloxacin (LVX), meropenem (MER), and piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP). Antibiotic-resistant phenotypes identified using CLSI (2017) clinical breakpoints included: carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), non-CRE extended-spectrum β-lactamase screen positive (ESBL, non-CRE), ceftazidime-nonsusceptible (CAZ-NS), and meropenem-NS (MER-NS). EUCAST (2017) COL clinical breakpoints were used for Enterobacteriaceae (ENT). Results The most common infection type in hospitalized pediatric patients was pneumonia (n = 1,488) followed by urinary tract infection (n = 1,143) and bloodstream infection (n = 767). A total of 2,969 ENT and 1,152 non-enterics were isolated. The 5 most common species were Escherichia coli (EC: 1,311), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA: 821 isolates), Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPN: 429), Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC: 360), and Serratia marcescens (SM: 264). Susceptibilities of C-T and comparators for the main species and resistant phenotypes are shown in the Table. Only 7 isolates were CRE in this study. Conclusion C-T demonstrated good activity against pediatric ENT isolates (96.1%S), EC (99.2%S), and KPN (97.9%S). For ENT, all agents but COL had >90% S. For PSA, C-T demonstrated potent activity (99.5%S) and was the most potent antibiotic tested with activity similar to COL. Disclosures D. Shortridge, Merck: Research Contractor, Research grant; L. R. Duncan, Merck: Research Contractor, Research grant; M. A. Pfaller, Merck: Research Contractor, Research grant; R. K. Flamm, Merck: Research Contractor, Research grant

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TARIQ, FAQIR MUHAMMAD, IRSHAD AHMAD, HABIB SUBHANI i Irshad Ul Haq. "HEPATITIS C". Professional Medical Journal 16, nr 02 (10.06.2009): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2009.16.02.2890.

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I n t r o d u c t i o n : Hepatitis C is a RNA virus isolated in 1988 but still not cultured in the laboratory. Hepatitis-C infection is aserious global public health issue, WHO estimates worlds 3 % population is HCV positive. Pakistan is also facing the huge burden of thisdisease. Accurate prevalence information for hepatitis C infection is scant in Pakistan. Few population based studies are available, the mostcomprehensive being that of Luby et al which after testing a representative sample from a population of 150,000 in Hafizabad, Pakistanfound an overall sero-prevalence of 6%. This increased to 30% with increasing age. They also found sero-prevalence of 16% in householdmembers of HCV infected cases. Aslam et al reported a population prevalence of 16% from Lahore and 23.8% in Gujranwala. In our studypublished in Medical Forum showed prevalence of HCV antibodies in population attending our department of ophthalmology is 27.06%.There is no data from Pakistan about prevalence of hepatitis C in Paramedical staff. It appears that paramedical staff is at higher risk ofcontracting this infection as they are exposed to multiple risk factors like needle stick injuries. Little is known about the prevalence of HepatitisC in this group of population. The objective of our study was to assess the perceived increased incidence of Hepatitis C in this group ofpopulation. M e t h o d s & Materials:This is a retrospective audit of the data from the records kept by clinical laboratory of University MedicalCollege, Faisalabad. All paramedical staff members were invited for HCV antibody test on 13.1.2007 to 20.1.2007.Any staff member workingin those days was included in the study. Persons on holidays or did not give free informed consent was excluded from the study. Serumof blood samples were analyzed by EXCEL a one step test device for the qualitative detection of antibodies to Hepatitis C virus in serumor plasma by trained professional. This test has a relative sensitivity of 96.8%, relative specificity 99% and accuracy 98.9% as comparedto HCV EIA test. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS system.Results: A total 80 staff members were working in the hospital at thattime, 61 attended for the test (F: 31, M: 30). We found 7 (11.4%) were HCV positive and 54 (88.52%) were HCV negative including 2 weeklypositive. Among HCV positive 4 (6.55%) were male and 3 (4.91 %) were females. Age distribution was 17 - 75 years with mean age 32.51years. Among HCV positive 3 were analyzed by ELISA technique. 2 weekly positive by EXCEL were negative by ELISA and 1 positive byEXCEL was positive by ELISA. C o n c l u s i o n : Paramedical staff is perhaps not at higher risk of contracting HCV infection. However morestudies are required to further assess this finding.

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Korotieieva, Hanna, Olena Andriichuk i Iryna Budzanivska. "PROSPECTS OF BACTERIOPHAGES IN MANAGEMENT OF PLANT PATHOGENIC BACTERIA". Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Biology 95, nr 4 (2023): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728.2748.2023.95.5-8.

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B a c k g r o u n d . In recent years bacteriophages draw attention as environmentally friendly means for controlling the bacterial infection. Their use is an effective measure for number of bacterial crops diseases. Bacteriophages have a number of advantages over other methods of control: they are highly specific to host bacteria, non-toxic to macroorganisms, not pathogenic for normal biota of plants and soil. In particular, phage cocktails with specificity and effectiveness against only certain groups of bacteria are used for preventing the spread of infectious diseases in plants. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to isolate and identify bacteriophages specific to phytopathogenic bacteria. M e t h o d s . Samples of beet, potatoe, apple, garlic and mandarin with rotting symptoms were selected from vegetable storehouses. Phages were isolated by direct isolation. Phage titers were determined as plaque forming units (pfu/ml) using the standard double layer agar assay technique. The morphological features of viral particles were examined by electron microscopy. R e s u l t s . As a result of this work we isolated phages (7591/3, 8573/3, Ser/2) specific to Pseudomonas syringae lachrymans 7591, P. fluorescens 8573 and Serratia marcescens. The phage isolates differed in terms of the morphology of their negative colonies. To identify host range of isolated phages spectrum of lytic activity was studied against 16 laboratory strains of phytopathogenic bacteria. Our research revealed that among 9 phage samples three phage isolates are polyvalent. C o n c l u s і o n s . The obtained data indicate that isolates with a broad spectrum of lytic activity can be promising biological agents in control of bacteriosis. Consequently, isolated polyvalent bacteriophages can be considered for therapeutic use against bacterial infection in plants during storage.

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Belyaev, B. N., i N. M. Beregovaya. "Influence of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis exometabolites on R-phycoerythrin concentration in red alga Gelidium spinosum when grown in polyculture". Marine Biological Journal 5, nr 2 (30.06.2020): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2020.05.2.02.

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To increase R-phycoerythrin concentration in red Black Sea alga Gelidium spinosum (S. G. Gmelin) P. C. Silva, 1996 (Rhodophyta), it was cultivated in laboratory conditions in polyculture microalga Tetraselmis viridis – mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis – Gelidium; the results of the study are presented. The positive effect of mussel exometabolites on R-phycoerythrin concentration in Gelidium in polyculture is described. The relevance of the work is determined by the value of R-phycoerythrin, which is used as a powerful antioxidant, as well as a marker in cytometry and microscopy. The aim of the study is to increase R-phycoerythrin concentration in Gelidium using the polyculture method. As a material, Gelidium from the fouling of rocks and coastal protection structures of Karantinnaya Bay (Sevastopol) was used; it was cultivated in a laboratory installation with eight working volumes, four of which contained mussels. Mussel decontamination, supplemented with mineral salts and biogens, was used as a nutrient medium for Gelidium. The combination of mussel exometabolites with previously developed nutrient medium, based on Black Sea water and enriched with nutrients and mineral salts, results in an increase in R-phycoerythrin concentration by more than 2 times, while the addition of exometabolites to pure filtered seawater increases it maximum by 35 %. Approximate ratios of polyculture elements in 1.5-L volumes, allowing to achieve the desired results in 2 weeks, are as follows: 2 g of Gelidium / 50–60 g of two-year-old mussels / 0.4–0.6 g of microalga wet weight.

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Carvalho, Cauê Pettermann, Milton Sergio Fernandes de Lima, Viktor Pastoukhov i Carlos Antonio Reis Pereira Baptista. "Investigation of Laser Treatment as a Method for Fatigue Crack Growth Retardation in Aluminum Alloy 2198-T851". Metals 11, nr 12 (15.12.2021): 2034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11122034.

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Among the third-generation Al-Li alloys, AA2198 stands out for its lower density, formability and increased stiffness, being suitable for use in aircraft fuselage sheets and other inner structures in order to reduce weight and improve performance. An important topic related to damage tolerant structures is the development of techniques to retard fatigue crack propagation, such as the localized heating by a laser source. The aim of the present work was to find the most suitable parameters for the production of laser heating lines in 2198-T851 alloy sheets in order to reduce the fatigue crack growth rate in this material. Laboratory tests using C(T) specimens under two loading conditions (R = 0.1 and 0.5) provided a useful dataset on the laser heated material. The experimental results indicate a 200 W laser beam power at treatment speeds of 1 and 10 mm/s was sufficient to retard crack growth in the current setup. The more expressive results were obtained for 200 W laser power with a speed of 1 mm/s and cyclic loading with stress ratio R = 0.1.

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Ivanov, N. P., i R. S. Sattarova. "Dissociated forms of moraxella isolated from the affected eyes of cattle". Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 51, nr 3 (29.07.2021): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2021-3-11.

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The dissociation phenomenon of epizootic cultures of Moraxella was studied. The study was conducted in economic entities of Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 233 heads of cattle with clinical signs of keratoconjunctivitis. Isolation of the causative agent of Moraxella was performed by bacteriological washes from the conjunctival sacs of the eyes of animals. The laboratory study was carried out according to the approved methodological guidelines. It was found that bacteria of the genus Moraxella dissociate when grown on a solid nutrient medium for more than 6 hours in a thermostat at 37 °C. The bacteria were studied by the following methods: staining according to White-Wilson, thermoagglutination and acriflavine assay. When evaluating the grown colonies according to White-Wilson, the optimal dilution for crystal violet was found to be 1 : 2000, and for gentian violet stain 1 : 1000. In this case, the colonies in the S-form have a dark purple color with a metallic tint, and the dissociated colonies in the R-form do not stain. In the presence of dissociated cells, precipitation (thermoagglutination), sediment formation and clearing of the supernatant fluid at 90 °C for 30 minutes were noted. The suspension of undissociated colonies remained cloudy. When weighing microbial cells isolated by a bacterial loop from individual grown colonies in a solution of acriflavine, dissociated bacteria stick together to form conglomerates. When studying the antigenic activity of the S-, R- forms of Moraxella, it was revealed that the activity of the S-antigen significantly exceeded that of the R-forms. Data on the dissociation of Moraxella cultures can be used for the development of diagnostic and prophylactic drugs against moraxellosis in cattle.

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „C.S.I.R.O. Radiophysics Laboratory”

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