Kliknij ten link, aby zobaczyć inne rodzaje publikacji na ten temat: BZO.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „BZO”
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 50 najlepszych rozpraw doktorskich naukowych na temat „BZO”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj rozprawy doktorskie z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
1
Carvalho, Jesiel Freitas. "Crescimento e caracterização de monocristais fotorreativos: BSO e BTO". Universidade de São Paulo, 1994. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-14012009-093345/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Neste trabalho crescemos monocristais de Bi12SiO20 (BSO) e de Bi12TiO20 (BTO). Os cristais de BSO foram crescidos pela técnica de Czochralski a partir da fase líquida com composição molar 6Bi2O3:1SiO2. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos para taxas de puxamento entre 1 e 2,5mm/h, a velocidade de rotação foi mantida constante em 20rpm. Os cristais de BTO foram crescidos pelo método top-seeded solution Growth (TSSG) a partir da composição molar 10Bi2O3:1SiO2, com taxas de puxamento menores que 0,3mm/h e velocidade de rotação entre 16 e 30 rpm. A qualidade dos cristais foi avaliada utilizando microscopia óptica e eletrônica, corrosão seletiva e raios-x. Por microscopia óptica identificamos os defeitos macroscópicos e discutimos sua natureza e possíveis causas. Utilizando a técnica de ataque químico seletivo, analisamos a morfologia das figuras de ataque e estimamos a densidade de deslocações. Visando identificar defeitos de estequiometria, fizemos medidas de composição por microanálise eletrônica. Para a caracterização cristalográfica, calculamos o parâmetro de rede por difração de raios-x usando o método do pó e confirmamos a estrutura cristalográfica através do método de Rietveld. E, ainda, medimos a atividade óptica que é uma constante característica dos cristais.In this work we grew Bi12SiO20 (BSO) and Bi12TiO20 single crystals. The BSO crystals have been grown from the melt composition of 6Bi2O3:1SiO2 by the Czochralski method. The best results were obtained at pulling rates from 1 to 2.5m/h, the rotation rate of 20rpm was constant. The BTO crystals have been grown by the top-seeded solution growth technique from a 10Bi2O3:1SiO2 solution with pulling rates less than 0.3mm/h and rotation rates from 16 to 30rpm. The crystal quality was examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy, selective etching, and x-ray diffraction. We identified the macroscopic defects by optical microscopy and discussed their nature and probable origin. Using selective etching, we analyzed the etching pits morphology and evaluated the dislocation density. To identify stoichiometric defects, composition measurements by electron probe microanalysis were made. To obtain crystallographic characterization, we calculated the cell parameter by powder method x-ray diffraction and used the Rietveld method to verify the crystallographic structure. And, also, we measured the optical activity, a constant of the crystals.
2
Beaver, Santibañez Stephany. "Mercado de difusión cultural de la región del Bío Bio, Concepción". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/143475.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Memoria para optar al título de ArquitectoEste documento presenta el desarrollo del proyecto de título “Mercado de difusión cultural de la Región del Bío Bio”, ubicado en la ciudad de Concepción. Construído en 1940 tras el terremoto que azotó a la ciudad el año 1939, es un ejemplo único de Arquitectura Moderna en Chile. Su estructura y espacialidad interior, dotaron de un espacio de calidad a la ciudad donde habitantes de la región crearon momentos e historia. El proyecto se basa en la rehabilitación del actual Mercado, el cual se encuentra en estado de abandono tras el incendio que imposibilitó su uso desde Abril del año 2013. A pesar de ser declarado Monumento Histórico, su deterioro se ha acelerado, convirtiéndose en un “punto negro” dentro de la ciudad. Es por esto, que la generación de un proyecto que promueva y difunda el patrimonio cultural, y que revitalice una zona en particular son los principales propósitos que la intervención busca, tanto desde el aspecto físico como desde el aspecto cognitivo de sus usuarios. Esto, mediante la representación del patrimonio cultural local de la región del Bío Bio dentro de la edificación, generando una conexión entre el legado cultural regional y la edificación.
3
Lubega, George W. (George Willy). "Benzimidazole (BZ) resistance in Haemonchus controtus : specific interactions of BZs with tubulin". Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70203.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The mechanism of benzimidazole (BZ) anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus was investigated. The total binding (TB), low-affinity binding (LAB) and high-affinity (specific) binding (HAB) of ($ sp3$H) BZs (mebendazole (MBZ), oxibendazole (OBZ), albendazole (ABZ) and oxfendazole (OFZ)) in supernatants derived from BZ-susceptible (S) and BZ-resistant (R) strains were examined and compared. The TB of all ($ sp3$H) BZs was reduced for the R strain. The TB of OBZ, MBZ and ABZ was separated into LAB and HAB. However, OFZ bound with low-affinity. The binding affinity, K$ sb{ rm a},$ and maximum binding, B$ sb{ rm max},$ for the HAB of OBZ and MBZ were calculated using computer programs. Compared with the S strain, the B$ sb{ rm max}$ of the R strain was reduced but the K$ sb{ rm a}$ was not affected. LAB to parasite preparations devoid of tubulin was observed but HAB occurred to preparations containing tubulin only. The HAB per mg protein decreased from egg through larva to adult stage. It was shown by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis that the tubulin content per mg protein decreased from egg, through larva to adult worm. The ability of various BZs--OBZ, MBZ, ABZ, OFZ, fenbendazole (FBZ), albendazole sulphoxide (ABZSO), albendazole sulphone (ABZSO$ sb2),$ and thiabendazole (TBZ)--to bind tubulin was compared by displacement analysis and their IC$ sb{50}$ ( (BZ) required to inhibit 50% of the ($ sp3$H) BZ binding) and K$ sb{ rm a}$ values were determined. The IC$ sb{50}$ and K$ sb{ rm a}$ values approximately correlated with the known anthelmintic potency (recommended therapeutic doses) of the BZs except for OFZ and ABZSO. Tubulin bound BZs at 4$ sp circ$C with lower K$ sb{ rm a}$ than at 37$ sp circ$C. Western blot of tubulin separated by 2-dimensional electrophoresis showed that the $ beta$-tubulin isoform pattern of the S and R strains were dissimilar whil
4
Valencia, M. Nicolás. "Estación metamodal Bio Bio". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/116944.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
ArquitectoDefinido como instrumento de implementación de la próxima Política Nacional de Transporte, el actual plan interministerial de movilidad para el Gran Santiago (PMTS 2025) considera más de 20 iniciativas públicas y privadas entre Metro, tranvías, trenes interurbanos, ciclovías, corredores Transantiago y un teleférico, totalizando 45 potenciales nodos intermodales en 17 comunas santiaguinas. Esta inversión es una oportunidad para reflejar una nueva relación dialéctica entre transporte y espacio urbano, a través del replanteamiento de la concepción y diseño de infraestructuras multimodales, abordando así su actual desconexión de la estructura urbana en la que se insertan y anticipando posibles consecuencias en las dinámicas locales de desarrollo. En el barrio Biobío se proyectaría una combinación intermodal entre la metroestación homónima (L6) y la línea de pre-Metro trazada por el eje Santa Rosa, convirtiendo al sector, a través de este eje metropolitano, en portal de acceso sur a la comuna capital. Asimismo, se advierte una nula protección normativa del barrio, fortaleciendo las expectativas de densificación residencial de municipios adyacentes y especulaciones inmobiliarias detenidas desde avenida Matta hacia el sur, amenazando la reconocida identidad comercial y social del barrio. Este escenario motiva a plantear una Estación Metamodal (“una interconexión más allá de los modos”, como se explicará) desglosada en tres escalas de acción (predio, radio de influencia y hemisferios), debido al impacto e influencia recíproca tanto en las dinámicas de desarrollo como en los patrones de desplazamientos (inter)locales. La propuesta arquitectónica propiamente tal consiste en el reacondicionamiento de un centenario galpón y sus predios contiguos, a intervenir bajo estrategias de diseño inspiradas en las decisiones locales de ocupación comercial de galpones y galerías interiores, y reconociendo la jerarquía de los flujos locales categorizados (vitrineo/conexión). Más allá de los clichés, ambos reflejan el patrimonio intangible local. Asimismo, la Estación también sumará metraje comercial y suplirá la carencia de espacios públicos de ocio (simultáneidad, temporalidad y diversidad) y suturará ambos hemisferios del barrio -amenazados por el corredor Transantiago Santa Rosa-, definiendo estrategias preliminares de intervención urbanística y de estructuración vial.
5
Palma, Elena <1994>. "I conflitti ambientali nel territorio Mapuche-Pehuenche dell'Alto Bio-Bío, Cile: pratiche di cura tra movimenti indigeni e fiumi". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18579.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Ricerca etnografica nel territorio indigeno Pehuenche dell'Alto Bio-Bío (Cile) che mira a mettere in connessione i conflitti ambientali che interessano il territorio con le pratiche di difesa dei fiumi messe in atto da diversi movimenti indigeni e non, nel contesto passato come in quello presente. Particolare attenzione viene posta alle relazioni reciproche di cura, parentela e protezione che emergono da queste pratiche e interessano soggetti umani e non-umani.
6
Lim, Bao Tung Michelle. "Performing morality : a framework for assessing the moral significance of selected works of postdramatic performance". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/76539/1/Bao%20Tung%20Michelle_Lim_Thesis.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This study examines the relationship between aesthetic and moral dimensions of postdramatic performance (PdP) with specific reference to two case studies: The Power of Theatrical Madness (1984) by Jan Fabre; and Inferno (2008) by Romeo Castellucci. These two cases were selected based on Lehmann's (1999/2006) "Postdramatic Theatre" theoretical framework by identifying various aspects of PdP: text, space, time, body and media. There are three primary objectives in this research project: (1) to examine if the selected works of PdP have moral functions; (2) identify these moral functions; and (3) establish a suitable framework to examine and assess the moral significance of the selected works.
7
Toledo, Arquero Hugo Andrés. "Análisis de tendencias de mediano plazo para precipitaciones y volúmenes de escorrentía de deshielo, entre los valles del Huasco y Bio-Bío". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/136451.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Ingeniero CivilDiversos estudios que hacen referencia al conocido efecto de cambio climático, indican que el aumento de las concentraciones de gases de efecto invernadero producto de actividades humanas, implicará aumentos en las temperaturas y disminuciones de las precipitaciones, impactando negativamente la disponibilidad del preciado recurso hídrico. El presente trabajo de título consiste en desarrollar un análisis de tendencias de mediano plazo de las precipitaciones, caudales de escorrentía y volúmenes de escorrentía de deshielo de la zona central de Chile, comprendida entre los Valles del Huasco y del Biobío, que permita estimar la oferta del recurso hídrico y sirva como antecedente para la toma de decisiones de mediano plazo en proyectos de ingeniería civil (20 a 30 años). Este análisis busca determinar la existencia (o no) de tendencias persistentes o ciclos en las series históricas de las variables de estudio, en aquellas cuencas nivo-pluviales que presenten control fluviométrico por parte de la Dirección General de Aguas. Se han excluido las cuencas costeras, ya que éstas poseen pocas estaciones de medición y no presentan suficientes registros. Los estadísticos utilizados en el análisis corresponden a curvas dobles acumuladas y medias móviles de períodos de 7 años. Los resultados de los análisis de tendencias realizados, evidenciaron, para la zona comprendida entre los valles del Huasco y del Choapa, una disminución en la magnitud de las precipitaciones totales anuales, la cual varía entre un 11% para el valle del Limarí y hasta un 55% en el Valle del Huasco. Además, los caudales medios han disminuido entre un 30% y un 40% para todo el sector, junto a una manifestación más temprana del período de deshielo. Por su parte, los valles del Aconcagua, Maipo y Rapel han sufrido una disminución de precipitaciones que bordea el 25%, mientras que los caudales han disminuido entre un 5% y un 20%. No se observan tendencias persistentes a un adelantamiento de los caudales en el período de deshielo. Finalmente, los valles del Maule y Biobío no presentan variaciones significativas en cuanto a los regímenes de precipitaciones y de escorrentía, y no se observan tendencias de adelantamiento de caudales en el período de deshielo.
8
Rahikainen, Mika. "Evaluation and management of the Finnish herring fishery". Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2005. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/bio/bioja/vk/rahikainen/evaluati.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (Doctoral)--Helsingin yliopisto, 2005.Tiivistelmäosa ja 5 julkaisua Includes bibliographical references. Saatavana myös elektronisena (ISBN 952-10-2740-1 pdf), Available in PDF format via the World Wide Web. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi
9
Jiao, Chaoying. "Miscible displacements in porous media with variation of fluid density and viscosity /". [Karlsruhe] : Die Universität, 2001. http://www.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/vvv/2002/bio-geo/1/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (Doctoral)--Universität Karlsruhe, 2001.Abstract in German. Hochschulschrift = Thèse/Mémoire. Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-133). Also available via the World Wide Web. http://www.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/indexer-vvv/2002/bio-geo/1
10
Gordon, Christal. "Bio-inspired, bio-compatible, reconfigurable analog CMOS circuits". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37222.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This work details CMOS, bio-inspired, bio-compatible circuits which were used as synapses between an artificial neuron and a living neuron and between two living neurons. An intracellular signal from a living neuron was amplified, an integrate-and-fire neuron was used as a simple processing element to detect the spikes, and an artificial synapse was used to send outputs to another living neuron.
The key structure is an electronic synapse which is based around a floating-gate pFET. The charge on the floating-gate is analogous to the synaptic weight and can be modified. This modification can be viewed as similar to long-term potentiation and long-term depression. The modification can either be programmed (supervised learning) or can adapt to the inputs (unsupervised learning). Since the technology to change the floating-gate weight has greatly improved, these weights can be set quickly and accurately. Intrinsic floating-gate learning rules were explored and the ability to change the synaptic weight was shown.
11
Karapa, Eleni. "Bio-membranes : a bio-logical approach to architecture". Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1033631.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Bio-membranes: A Biological Approach to Architecture The desire to introduce an area of study which can potentially inform the field of architecture on a theoretical as well as on a practical level, is the primary aim of this creative project. More specifically, the interest of this work is focused on the identification of useful processes deriving from the world of biology and their utilization in the world of architecture. The designation of an alternative path for perceiving and understanding processing and principles that may be of use in the reconfiguration of various architectural design applications is in quest. In search of a biological model that can potentially inform the field of architecture and provide enough feedback concerning the understanding of "processing" and "principles", biomembrane systems have been designated as the appropriate subject of study. The study and analysis of the structural and functional aspects of the bio-membranes as well as the extraction of useful principles that are derived from this study consist the first part of this work. The second part describes the implementation of these principles into various architectural applications while it challenges existing paradigms and introduces new ways of looking into the realm of architectural theory.Department of Architecture
12
Arias, Mestas Carlos Emilio, Sánchez Lucy Cristina Cerna i Rodríguez Daniel Humberto Valdivia. "Valorización de la empresa Cementos Bío Bío S.A". Master's thesis, Universidad del Pacífico, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11354/2136.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Cementos Bío Bío, Sociedad Matriz (en adelante, CBB) es una empresa chilena dedicada a la producción y comercialización de insumos para la construcción (cemento, cal, hormigón y áridos). Debido a las actividades, sus ventas se encuentran estrechamente correlacionadas con el desempeño de la economía chilena. Al cierre de diciembre de 2017, CBB tiene una penetración en el mercado chileno de alrededor del 45%, y se convierte en la empresa líder en su segmento. Asimismo, a dicha fecha, el 89% de sus ingresos provienen de la venta de cementos y hormigón, lo cual evidencia la importancia que ambos segmentos representan para la empresa. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo estimar el valor fundamental de CBB al cierre del año 2017. Con este fin, se utilizó diversas fuentes de información, como documentos financieros y estratégicos de la empresa, reportes de analistas del sector construcción de Chile, reportes de análisis de riesgo de CBB, noticias relacionadas con la empresa, así como plataformas financieras tales como Bloomberg y Reuters. De este modo, el resultado, obtenido a través del método de flujos de caja descontados, señala que CBB posee un valor por acción de $ 824.4. Así, su cotización al cierre de diciembre de 2017 es $ 860,0 y, al 13/04/2018, igual a $ 910,0. Entonces, se recomienda mantener la acción, ya que si bien el valor fundamental resultante es inferior a la cotización de mercado (en 4,1% y 9,4% respecto a diciembre de 2017 y abril de 2018), dicha diferencia no es considerable. Asimismo, cabe precisar que el resultado obtenido es consistente con la metodología de múltiplos comparables. Finalmente, resta señalar que los principales riesgos asociados a la presente valorización se describen en el capítulo VII del documento.
13
Sosna, Dieter. "Bio-Datenbanken". Universität Leipzig, 2008. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32207.
Pełny tekst źródła
14
Cuzcano, Loayza Brenda Sofía, Sandoval Gustavo Antonio Manchego, Carhuapuma Jahayra Xiomara López i Fernadez Pamela Jackeline Venegas. "Dolce Bio". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652209.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
El presente proyecto es un producto natural para personas con un estilo de vida saludable e intolerantes a la lactosa, este cuenta con viabilidad en su desarrollo, debido a la investigación realizada, en el que se segmenta a la población de Lima Metropolitana de los niveles socioeconómicos A, B y C, donde se valida un alto interés por el producto y la falta de una bebida 100% natural deslactosada y con un sabor agradable en el mercado. Asimismo, se reconoció que las personas cuentan con poca disponibilidad de tiempo para preparar sus alimentos, debido a las actividades que realizan en el día, por lo que, recurren mayormente a productos prácticos en el momento de su alimentación. Además, existe una creciente demanda de alimentos saludables y naturales, debido al incremento de personas que adoptan un estilo de vida saludable. Por último, las personas intolerantes a la lactosa cuentan con pocas alternativas de productos alimenticios y de sabor agradables en el mercado.
Para que este proyecto se lleve a cabo, se realizó un estudio de mercado que involucró, en primer lugar, al consumidor, proveedores y distribuidores. También se analizó el proceso de cadena de valor para el negocio, para lo cual se tomó en cuenta la aplicación de estrategias operacionales, de responsabilidad social, de marketing y de desarrollo financiero, que tienen por finalidad mantener la rentabilidad y viabilidad del proyecto a largo plazo en el mercado. De este modo, la inversión para ejecutar este proyecto sería de S/ 9,881.54, con el que se obtendrá una utilidad neta de S/ -18,869.00 en el primer año, -S/ 62,426.00 en el segundo año y -S/80,670.00 en el tercer año.The present project is a natural product for people with a healthy lifestyle and lactose intolerant, it has a feasibility in its development, due to the research carried out, in which the population of Metropolitan Lima is segmented from socioeconomic levels A, B and C, which validates a high interest in the product and the lack of a 100% natural drink lactose and with a pleasant taste in the market. Likewise, it was recognized that people have little availability of time to prepare their food, due to the activities they carry out during the day, so they use mostly practical products at the time of feeding. In addition, there is a growing demand for healthy and natural foods, due to the increase in people adopting a healthy lifestyle. Finally, lactose intolerant people have few alternatives for food and taste products that are pleasant in the market. For this project to be carried out, a market study was carried out that involved, first, the consumer, suppliers and distributors. The value chain process for the business was also analyzed, for which the application of operational, social responsibility, marketing and financial development strategies was taken into account, which aim to maintain the profitability and viability of the project over the long term. term in the market. In this way, the investment to execute this project would be S /S/ 9,881.54, with which a net profit of -S/ 18,869.00 will be obtained in the first year, -S/ 62,426.00in the second year and -S/80,670.00 in the third year.
Trabajo de investigación
15
Gouveia, Carolina Teixeira de Sousa. "Bio-Radar". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23811.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e TelecomunicaçõesNesta dissertação é desenvolvido um protótipo de um bio-radar, cujo foco é a aquisição e processamento do sinal respiratório em tempo real. O sistema do bio-radar permite medir sinais vitais com precisão, baseando-se no princípio do efeito Doppler, que relaciona as propriedades do sinal recebido com a variação da distância percorrida desses sinais. Essa distância está compreendida entre as antenas do radar e a caixa torácica do paciente. No contexto deste projeto, é apresentado o modelo matemático do bio-radar e é também desenvolvido um algoritmo que visa extrair o sinal respiratório tendo em consideração a sensibilidade dos sinais envolvidos tal como o modo de operação do sistema. O protótipo em tempo real desenvolvido nesta dissertação usa um front-end baseado em Software Defined Radio (SDR) e os sinais por ele adquiridos são processados no software LabVIEW da National Instruments.
In this dissertation, a prototype of a bio-radar was developed with focus in the real-time acquisition and processing of the respiratory signal. The bio-radar system can measure vital signals accurately by using the Doppler e ect principle that relates the received signal properties with the distance change between the radar antennas and the person's chest-wall. In this framework, a mathematical model of the bio-radar is presented. Also, an algorithm for respiratory rate extraction is proposed having in mind the acquired signal's sensitivity and the system's operation. The real-time acquisition system is developed using a front-end based in SDR and the acquired signals are processed using the LabVIEW software from National Instruments.
16
Sakaguchi, Masakazu. "Gasification of bio-oil and bio-oil/char slurry". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/23347.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Economic utilization of biomass as a fuel has been limited by transportation cost. One suggested remedy to address the problems of processing biomass on a large scale is to pyrolyze solid biomass at numerous local sites and transport the resulting liquid or liquid/char slurry to a large centralized conversion plant. This research involves the gasification of biomass fast pyrolysis oil, so called bio-oil, and a slurry mixture of bio-oil and fast pyrolysis char into synthesis gas.
Kinetics of the reaction of steam with chars was studied using a thermo-gravimetric analyzer. Slurry Char was produced by pyrolysis of an 80 wt% bio-oil/20 wt% char mixture at nominal heating rates of 100–10,000°C/s. The resulting Slurry Char was subjected to steam gasification with 10–50 mol% steam at 800–1200°C. Reactivity of the Slurry Chars increased with the pyrolysis heating rate, but was lower than that of Original Chars. Kinetic parameters were established for a power-law rate model. Some measurements were initially done of gasification in CO₂.
A fluidized bed reactor, equipped with an atomization system, was constructed for gasification of bio-oil and slurry. The reactor contained either sand, or Ni-based catalyst. Experiments included gasification with pure steam and air. Effects of bed temperatures in the range 720–850°C, steam-to-carbon molar ratios of 2.0–7.5, and air ratios of 0–0.5 on gas composition and yields were tested. The carbon conversion of bio-oil to gas was found to be greater than that of slurry. The product gas composition was affected significantly by catalysis of the water-gas shift and the steam gasification. Greater yields of hydrogen and lesser yields of CO and hydrocarbons were found when catalyst was used. On a dry, inert-free basis, gases of up to 61% H₂ were obtained. The data were compared with a thermodynamic equilibrium model. The product gas yield was reasonably predictable by the model.
A mass and energy balance model of steam gasification in a dual-bed gasifier-combustor revealed that energy requirements are sensitive to the steam/carbon ratio and to the recovery of latent heat in the produced gas.
17
Zolotovsky, Katia. "BioConstructs : methods for bio-inspired and bio-fabricated design". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77780.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Page 74 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-73).
This work presents experimentation with design and fabrication methods, using biological systems either indirectly (as a source of inspiration and information for design) or directly (as a material production for fabrication). The focus is on "bioconstructs"- design methods and processes that are invented and developed under the influence of biological systems. Two projects are presented. The Polypterus project examines the unique design principles of the armor of an ancient fish and possible ways to use these principles in the design of synthetic protective and flexible applications (bio-inspired design). The project deals with the correlation between geometrical data (units' shape and rules of their composition on a surface) and functional data (anisotropic flexibility of the surface) to formulate a parametric design system. The Xylinus project focuses on the adaptation of material production by bacteria to a fabrication process (biofabrication). This fabrication method combines digital tools and technologies with material production by a living biological system. The long-term objective is to use cellulose-producing bacteria to develop an additive manufacturing technique for architecture and product design. Both projects suggest methods to utilize biological systems for innovative design and fabrication methods.
by Katia Zolotovsky.
S.M.
18
García, Larraín Rafael. "Municipalidad de Alto Bío Bío. Un lugar de integración". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/100629.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
El proyecto de un planteamiento real y de una problemática que por siglos a estado presente en el desarrollo de los pueblos hispanoamericanos. El gobierno y la administración pública en territorios con una fuerte carga étnica cultural propia de los pueblos originarios.
19
Habib, MD Ahasan. "Designing Bio-Ink for Extrusion Based Bio-Printing Process". Diss., North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/32045.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Tissue regeneration using in-vitro scaffold becomes a vital mean to mimic the in-vivo counterpart due to the insufficiency of animal models to predict the applicability of drug and other physiological behavior. Three-dimensional (3D) bio-printing is an emerging technology to reproduce living tissue through controlled allocation of biomaterial and cell. Due to its bio-compatibility, natural hydrogels are commonly considered as the scaffold material in bio-printing process. However, repeatable scaffold structure with good printability and shape fidelity is a challenge with hydrogel material due to weak bonding in polymer chain. Additionally, there are intrinsic limitations for bio-printing of hydrogels due to limited cell proliferation and colonization while cells are immobilized within hydrogels and don’t spread, stretch and migrate to generate new tissue. The goal of this research is to develop a bio-ink suitable for extrusion-based bio-printing process to construct 3D scaffold. In this research, a novel hybrid hydrogel, is designed and systematic quantitative characterization are conducted to validate its printability, shape fidelity and cell viability. The outcomes are measured and quantified which demonstrate the favorable printability and shape fidelity of our proposed material. The research focuses on factors associated with pre-printing, printing and post-printing behavior of bio-ink and their biology. With the proposed hybrid hydrogel, 2 cm tall acellular 3D scaffold is fabricated with proper shape fidelity. Cell viability of the proposed material are tested with multiple cell lines i.e. BxPC3, prostate stem cancer cell, HEK 293, and Porc1 cell and about 90% viability after 15-day incubation have been achieved. The designed hybrid hydrogel demonstrate excellent behavior as bio-ink for bio-printing process which can reproduce scaffold with proper printability, shape fidelity and higher cell survivability. Additionally, the outlined characterization techniques proposed here open-up a novel avenue for quantifiable bio-ink assessment framework in lieu of their qualitative evaluation.
20
Hodgson, Ben Joseph. "Immobilisation of bio-molecules on magnetisable solid supports for applications in bio-catalysts and bio-sensors". Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2014. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/10425/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A series of core and core-shell nanoparticles with superparamagnetic properties were synthesised and surface functionalised using three different amino-silanes by a chemical conjugation method. The functionalised nanoparticles were characterised and further modified by chemical conjugation with two different classes of bio-molecules; (i) enzymes and (ii) single stranded DNA primers. The resultant nanoparticles (nano-bio conjugates) were used for applications in (i) enzyme catalysis and (ii) bio-separation / bio-sensing. Magnetite and amorphous silica-coated core-shell nanoparticles were synthesised on both small (5 g) and large (20 g) scales and were characterised using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurement and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Silica-coated core-shell nanoparticles were functionalised by silanisation with three different aminosilanes [3-aminopropyl tri-ethoxysilane (APTS), 3-aminopropyl di-ethoxymethylsilane (APDS) and 3-aminopropyl mono-ethoxydimethylsilane (APMS)] and two different methods: water (classical method) or a Tri-phasic Reverse Emulsion (TPRE) using toluene and a surfactant (Triton X-100). It was observed that the materials prepared using the TPRE method produced higher surface amine density values on average. The first application involved bio-catalysis where lipases [Pseudomonas Fluorescens lipase (PFL) and Candida Rugosa lipase (CRL)] were chemically conjugated (covalently linked) via glutaraldehyde-modification onto the amino-functionalised nanoparticles for applications such as: (i) hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl palmitate to produce palmitic acid and p-nitrophenol (model reaction), (ii) transesterification of ethyl butyrate with n-butanol to produce butyl butyrate and (iii) partial and selective hydrolysis of cis-3,5-diacetoxy-1-cyclopentene to produce pharmaceutically important and expensive chiral intermediate molecules. Various reaction parameters such as (a) water concentration in a bi-phasic solvent mixture and (b) temperature were investigated to determine the optimum conditions. All reactions were carried out using free lipases and the physically adsorbed lipases in order to compare the performance with chemically conjugated nano-biomaterials. It was observed from the bio-catalytic reaction (i) that the conversion values given by lipase-immobilised materials were comparable to those given by free lipases with the added advantage of being re-usable for further catalytic cycles. PFL-immobilised nanoparticles were shown to be more effective catalysts than CRL-immobilised materials. In the bio- catalytic reaction (ii), Lipase-immobilised materials were shown to exhibit reasonable conversion values (maximum 53%) along with easy separability by one-step magnetic separation from the reaction mixture and re-usability. Finally, in the bio-catalytic reaction (iii), lipase-immobilised materials were shown to give lower total conversion values compared to free enzymes, but a higher proportion of desired products [(1S,4R)-cis-4-acetoxy-2-cyclopenten-1-ol and (1R,4S)-cis-4-acetoxy-2-cyclopenten-1-ol]. PFL (both free and immobilised) materials were shown to give higher conversion and enantioselectivity towards the desired (1S,4R)-enantiomer (93-100% ee) than CRL materials (30-40% ee). The second application involved bio-separation and bio-sensing where 5ʹ-NH2-modified oligonucleotide sequences specific to either Listeria Monocytogenes (LM) or Escherichia Coli (EC) were immobilised onto the surface of glutaraldehyde modified nanoparticles to assess the specific capture and enhance the sensitivity of detection of pathogenic bacterial DNAs from food samples. Firstly, the oligonucleotide-grafted nanoparticles were used in a hybrid capture assay (model assay) at UCLan using specific single stranded DNA primers of our interest followed by the application in real food samples at Q-Bioanalytic GmbH, Germany. Capture of the complementary sequences was reasonably high (48-70% for LM-specific materials and 48-55% for EC-specific materials) when calculated as a molar ratio of conjugated oligonucleotides to complementary oligonucleotides captured. Specific capture was determined to be 33-52% for LM-specific oligonucleotide-grafted nano-materials and 59-60% for EC-specific oligonucleotide-grafted nano-materials. Dehybridisation of captured sequences was shown to be efficient for all oligonucleotide-grafted materials (72-97% for LM-specific materials and 86-87% for EC-specific materials), indicating that the materials were ready for real applications using food matrices at Q-Bioanalytic GmbH, Germany. Nucleic acid DNA was extracted from a real food sample inoculated with either LM or EC and the extracted DNA was used for specific capture using the oligonucleotide-grafted materials tested at UCLan. Dehybridised oligonucleotides were amplified and analysed using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The results showed that using a one-step hybrid capture assay, LM-specific oligonucleotide-grafted materials were successful at detecting LM from an undiluted solution of LM only and from a 1:1 mixture of LM and EC. Using a two-step assay where the forward and reverse oligonucleotide-grafted materials were applied for capture separately, only EC-specific materials were successful for the detection of EC from an undiluted solution, and also from a 1:1 mixture of LM and EC.
21
Soberon, Escandon Alfredo Benito. "Rastreo de la crecida máxima registrada en el río Bío-Bío, aplicado a la verificación del puente Llacolén, región del Bío-Bío, Chile". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/132963.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Ingeniero CivilEste trabajo consiste en el análisis del comportamiento hidráulico del Puente Llacolén, ubicado sobre el río Biobío, en la ciudad de Concepción, durante la crecida máxima registrada por la estación fluviométrica río Biobío en desembocadura, considerando los requerimientos mínimos de diseño presentes en la normativa vigente. En primer lugar se identifica la crecida máxima registrada por la estación fluviométrica río Biobío en desembocadura y se construye el hidrograma que describe dicha crecida. En segundo lugar se realiza un análisis hidráulico para determinar si la marea máxima en la desembocadura del río, afecta el eje hidráulico de este, en el sector de ubicación del puente Llacolén. A continuación se elaboran modelos del comportamiento hidráulico del río durante la crecida, utilizando los softwares HEC-RAS y RiverFLO-2D. Luego se hace una comparación y análisis de los resultados. Posteriormente se procede al cálculo de las socavaciones del lecho del río en el sector de ubicación del puente, y finalmente, contando con la socavación y altura máxima de aguas, se verifica si el diseño hidráulico del puente es apto, considerando los criterios de la normativa vigente, para un evento como el de la crecida máxima registrada. Inicialmente se comprueba que, según los datos registrados por la estación fluviométrica, la crecida máxima registrada corresponde a la ocurrida entre los días 9 y 16 de julio de 2006, además, después de realizar el análisis estadístico de dichos datos, se concluye que esta crecida cuenta con un periodo de retorno de 41 años. A continuación, mediante la confección de modelos hidráulicos, se demuestra que cuando el río presenta su caudal base, la influencia de la variación de la cota de marea llega aproximadamente hasta 7 km aguas arriba desde la desembocadura del río, por lo que se determina que no alcanza a influir en el nivel máximo del agua en el sector de ubicación del puente Llacolén. Del análisis de los resultados y la comparación entre los modelos HEC-RAS y RiverFLO-2D, se concluye que ambos modelos dan resultados similares, sin apreciarse diferencias significativas entre ellos ni con los antecedentes de terreno disponibles. Por lo que ambos modelos son considerados una buena aproximación al comportamiento real del río durante la crecida de julio de 2006, según los antecedentes de que se dispone. Finalmente, como resultado de la modelación hidráulica, se obtiene una revancha durante la crecida máxima registrada, que varía entre 1.18 m y 0.8 m dependiendo del modelo, siendo 1 m la revancha mínima exigida por la normativa vigente, por lo que se concluye que el puente Llacolén, en la situación más desfavorable, no cumple con la revancha mínima necesaria como para ser considerado seguro desde el punto de vista hidráulico. Lo que se debe a que el puente fue diseñado y construido antes de que se produjera la crecida de julio de 2006, cuyo registro aumentó los caudales para todos los periodos de retorno.
22
Maarof, Haidar. "Eisenbahnvertrieb bzw. -marketing /". kostenfrei, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/tuberlin/volltexte/2010/2531/.
Pełny tekst źródła
23
Ortloff, Peña Jessica. "Planta Bio Algás". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/100350.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
La conciencia ambiental y ecológica se ha instalado gradualmente en nuestra sociedad, y es por esto que cada día es mas común ver a la gente utilizando bolsas reutilizables, practicar el reciclaje en las casas, evitar duchas largas y optar por medios de transporte limpios como la bicicleta. No hay organismo que exija cumplir estas conductas, pero la conciencia de los chilenos se encauza en aportar con el medio ambiente, y esto tiene cada vez mas adeptos.
Las constantes discusiones sobre la generación y uso de energía se apoderan del discurso publico, y es que nadie queda ajeno a tener una opinión sobre el desarrollo de nuestro país y las consecuencias futuras de las acciones del presente. El ejemplo mas emblemático y reciente es la aprobación de Hidroaysén, que ha logrado convocar de modo transversal a todos los sectores sociales y políticos en una discusión generalizada sobre el desarrollo sustentable y la política energética de nuestro país.
Sin embargo, a falta de propuestas especificas que expresen una política concreta de desarrollo energético sustentable, cabe la interrogante sobre qué destino tienen aquellos estudios realizados por alumnos de diversos campos de estudio cada año y que demuestran la efectiva viabilidad de la utilización de energías no contaminantes. Las tecnologías existen, pero al parecer falta la disposición para ponerlas en marcha.
Por esto, la presenta investigación pretende dar una mirada multidisciplinaria a la problemática energética de nuestro país, enfocándose en el desarrollo de nuevas alternativas energéticas como son las Energías Renovables No Convencionales ERNC, de modo que la arquitectura se transforme en la disciplina materializadora y planeadora de una nueva posibilidad de producción de energía. También se pretende evaluar la efectiva viabilidad del proyecto, abarcando un estudio financiero que permita dar una mirada objetiva a las posibilidades de realización del proyecto.
24
Martins-Mourão, Pedro Felgueiras dos Santos. "Bio vernacular design". Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18184.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Interiores e Reabilitação do Edificado apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.Durante décadas, o Regionalismo Crítico mostrou aos arquitetos que a mediação entre a cultura universal e a cultura local pode ser o sucessor para a sociedade globalizada. No entanto, algo permanece em falta, a ligação com a pessoa ao local. Não tanto no sentido histórico, mas mais no sentido biológico. A natureza levou aproximadamente 3,8 bilhões de anos para descobrir, o que funciona e o que é apropriado para a sua sobrevivência, mas nós, como seres humanos, que valorizamos a nossa inteligência e tecnologia superiores, parecemos desconsiderar o poder de síntese da Mãe Natureza. A estratégia por detrás deste projeto é sobre a criação de um agregado urbano dentro de um dos climas mais inóspitos da Terra, o Sahara. Assim, como a natureza consegue prosperar em territórios de onde nenhuma vida parece emergir, o homem também consegue. Ao reinventar a habitação no deserto, inspirada pelos seus antigos antecessores e pela natureza, sociedades sustentáveis podem erguer-se e adaptar-se às circunstâncias em constante mudança. Um grupo de variantes e tipologias de casas maghrebinas são, por sua vez, criadas para responder a estes desafios, eventualmente tomando foco numa casa em particular para revelar as suas dinâmicas internas. A desertificação provou ser uma das forças mais letais que ameaçam ecossistemas estáveis devido a alterações climáticas, mas o desenvolvimento destas sociedades do deserto pode promover uma iniciativa de geo-engenharia para reverter este efeito e combater as alterações climáticas e ao mesmo tempo promovendo a cooperação entre comunidades interconectadas de diferentes reinos bioclimáticos.
ABSTRACT: For decades, Critical Regionalism has shown architects that mediation between universal culture and local culture can be the successor to a globalized society. However, something remains a miss, the connection to one’s location. Not so much in the historical sense, but more in the biological sense. Nature has taken approximately 3.8 billion years to figure out, what works and what is appropriate for its survival, yet we as humans, who value our superior intelligence and technology, seem to disregard Mother Nature’s power of synthesis. The strategy behind this project is about creating an urban aggregate within one of the harshest climates on earth, the Sahara. Thus proving that as nature can thrive in territories from where no life seems to emerge, so can man. By reinventing the desert dwelling, inspired by its ancient predecessors and nature, sustainable societies can rise and adapt to the ever-changing circumstances. A group of modular maghrebis home variants and typologies are, therefore created to respond to these chalenges, eventually taking focus on a specific dwelling to reveal its interior dynamics. Desertification has proven to be one of the deadliest forces threatening stable ecosystems due to climate change yet the development of these desert societies can promote a geoengineering initiative to reverse this effect as well as fight climate change entirely while promoting cooperation in interconnected communities from different bioclimatic realms.
N/A
25
Železná, Hana. "Auto - bio - graf". Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze. Filmová a televizní fakulta AMU. Knihovna, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-79106.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In my theoretical graduate work called AUTO-BIO-GRAF I sketch some impulses from which later becomes the autobiographical publication and I describe in which appearences we can see the autobiographical components in a movie.
26
Altman, Jean-Jacques. "Pancreas bio-artificiel". Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077114.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Dans un pancreas bio-artificiel, une membrane a permeabilite selective permet sans immunosuppression la greffe de tissu insulinosecreteur qui peut assurer ses fonctions tout en etant protege du rejet. Nous avons successivement demontre avec notre technique de macroencapsulation en fibres creuses: 1. La possibilite de normalisation metabolique au long cours dans un modele de xenogreffe d'insulinome humain chez le rat diabetique streptozotocine. 2. La prevention des complications microangiopathiques. 3. La possibilite d'encapsulation de nombreux tissus endocrines. 4. L'efficacite du modele chez la souris nod diabetique auto-immune. 5. La faisabilite chez le porc diabetique. 6. Des experiences preliminaires ont pu etre realisees chez l'homme. De nombreuses ameliorations sont encore necessaires notamment au niveau de la biocompatibilite de la membrane pour que le pancreas bio-artificiel soit un traitement du diabete insulinodependant humain
27
Andersson, Anne-Marie, i Mats Andersson. "Geografi - kunskapens bro". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-30097.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Vårt syfte med detta arbete har varit att undersöka hur samverkan mellan geografiämnet och övriga ämnen i skolan ser ut. Vi har undersökt om lärarens teoretiska definition av och undervisning i geografiämnet har betydelse för i vilken utsträckning detta ämne integreras med övriga skolämnen. I undersökningen har vi använt oss av kvalitativa intervjuer samt, för undersökningen, relevant litteratur. Resultaten visade att en övervägande majoritet av lärarna kan hänföras till en ämnesbunden undervisning, vilken utgår från en traditionsstyrd och begränsad del av geografiämnet, nämligen kulturgeografin. En slutsats av resultaten i undersökningen är att undervisningen i geografi inte svara mot skolans främsta uppgift, att skapa förutsättningar så att eleverna utvecklar kunskaper och färdigheter, för att kunna navigera och agera i sin omvärld.
28
Zhang, Mingming. "Properties of bio-oil based fuel mixtures: biochar/bio-oil slurry fuels and glycerol/bio-oil fuel blends". Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1825.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This thesis reports the properties of bio-oil-based fuel mixtures. For bioslurry fuels, the interaction between biochar and bio-oil results in changes in fuel properties and the redistribution of inorganic species. For glycerol/methanol/bio-oil (GMB) fuel blends, the solubility and fuel properties are improved upon methanol addition but other impurities in crude glycerol worsen the solubility with limited impact on properties. It is also possible to integrate the GMB blends production into the biodiesel production process.
29
Russell, Scott Chandler. "Real time bio-warfare agent detection using bio-aerosol mass spectrometry /". For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Davis, 2005.Degree granted in Chemistry. Dissertation completed in 2004; degree granted in 2005. Also available via the World Wide Web. (Restricted to UC campuses).
30
Choi, Sungyeon. "Investigation of tropospheric bro using space-based total column bro measurements". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43682.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
We derive tropospheric column BrO during the ARCTAS and ARCPAC field campaigns in spring 2008 using retrievals of total column BrO from the satellite UV nadir sensors OMI and GOME-2 using a radiative transfer model and stratospheric column BrO from a photochemical simulation. We conduct a comprehensive comparison of satellite-derived tropospheric BrO column to aircraft in-situ observations of BrO and related species. The aircraft profiles reveal that tropospheric BrO, when present during April 2008, was distributed over a broad range of altitudes rather than being confined to the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Perturbations to the total column resulting from tropospheric BrO are the same magnitude as perturbations due to longitudinal variations in the stratospheric component, so proper accounting of the stratospheric signal is essential for accurate determination of satellite-derived tropospheric BrO. We find reasonably good agreement between satellite-derived tropospheric BrO and columns found using aircraft in-situ BrO profiles, particularly when satellite radiances were obtained over bright surfaces (albedo >0.7), for solar zenith angle <80 degree and clear sky conditions. The rapid activation of BrO due to surface processes (the bromine explosion) is apparent in both the OMI and GOME-2 based tropospheric columns. The wide orbital swath of OMI allows examination of the evolution of tropospheric BrO on about hourly time intervals near the pole. Low surface pressure, strong wind, and high PBL height are associated with an observed BrO activation event, supporting the notion of bromine activation by high winds over snow. We also provide monthly climatological maps of free tropospheric BrO volume mixing ratio (VMR) derived using the so-called cloud slicing technique. In this approach, the derived slope of the total column BrO versus cloud pressure is proportional to free tropospheric BrO VMR. Estimated BrO VMR shows a minimum in the tropics and greater values at higher latitudes in both hemispheres. High tropospheric BrO VMR at high latitudes in spring could be influenced by near-surface bromine activation.
31
Tapia, Navarro Daniela. "Revitalización del Mercado Central de Concepción : región del Bío Bío, Chile". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/115871.
Pełny tekst źródła
32
Frenna, Giammarco <1992>. "LCA of the conversion of urban bio-wastes into bio-based polymers in a bio-refinery (PHA-based bioplastic)". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14428.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
INTRODUZIONE
La sfida del progetto RES URBIS consiste nel ridurre i residui da smaltire dopo i trattamenti finali dei rifiuti con la possibilità di creare all’interno della bio-raffineria un polimero a base biologica che può essere introdotto nel settore della bioindustria al fine di chiudere il cerchio del riciclo in un’ottica di economia circolare.
OBIETTIVI, AREA DI RICERCA, RISULTATI
Questo studio è finalizzato a valutare gli impatti ambientali della conversione di diversi tipi di rifiuti urbani in bio-prodotti (come bioplastiche, solventi a base biologica, fibre per Biocompositi) basati sui PoliIdrossiAlcanoati (PHA).
L’identificazione dei potenziali impatti ambientali viene sviluppata attraverso l’analisi del ciclo di vita del processo di produzione di PHA nell'ambito del trattamento dei rifiuti organici (cioè fanghi di depurazione, frazione organica dei rifiuti solidi urbani (FORSU) e rifiuti del giardino) all’interno degli impianti di trattamento delle acque reflue e dei rifiuti utilizzando un modello LCA (Lyfe Cycle Assessment) con il quale vengono sviluppati diversi scenari di confronto (Digestione Anaerobica, Incenerimento, Discarica, bio-raffineria RES URBIS)
Lo studio è stato condotto sull'impianto di trattamento delle acque reflue di Treviso, in Italia, dove è presente l’impianto pilota e su diversi tipi di impianti di trattamento dei rifiuti a Copenaghen, in Danimarca e in vari cluster europei facenti parte del progetto. In tutti i casi l'obiettivo generale è dimostrare che il processo è rilevante.
Il progetto si sviluppa all’interno del Consorzio RES URBIS, in particolare nel dipartimento di Ingegneria Ambientale presso l'Università Tecnica della Danimarca e nel dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica presso l'Università Ca 'Foscari di Venezia. Nello specifico il primo si occupa della parte di LCA e il secondo della parte di implementazione del processo.
I risultati sono destinati ad essere utilizzati dagli stakeholder (RES URBIS, Comuni responsabili della gestione dei rifiuti e delle loro società di gestione dei rifiuti pubblici) per capire se lo scenario RES URBIS di produzione di PHA attraverso il trattamento delle acque reflue presenta vantaggi ambientali rispetto alla gestione dei rifiuti con altre tecnologie (ad esempio AD, discarica, compost).
METODO
Il progetto si basa sullo studio della produzione di PHA in un impianto pilota presente all’interno dell’impianto di depurazione delle acque della città di Treviso (TV) in Italia e sulle possibili integrazioni in piena scala in città come Copenhagen o la provincia di Trento. La prima limitazione del progetto è riferita ai due diversi tipi di dati che usiamo per eseguire lo scenario; per questo motivo, lo studio della rappresentatività dei dati, dell'incertezza, della sensibilità e della qualità dei dati è una parte fondamentale di questo LCA.
Il software utilizzato è EASETECH, un modello LCA specializzato sviluppato da DTU (Technical University of Denmark) (Clavreul et al., 2014) e lo studio è stato condotto secondo i requisiti della ISO 14044: 2006 e del Manuale ILCD. Secondo questo manuale, si fa riferimento al supporto decisionale basato sul ciclo di vita di un sistema tecnologico installato in un pre-esistente impianto o nella conversione di una tecnologia esistente in una nuova con migliori caratteristiche. Per questo motivo, questa LCA è classificata consequenziale.
33
McLeish, Caitriona. "Accommodating bio-disarmament to bio-technological change : the issue of dual use". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270765.
Pełny tekst źródła
34
Grosse, Charlotte. "Development of innovative bio-based treatments for wood modification with bio-polyesters". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0213.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
La modification thermo-chimique est un procédé qui consiste à modifier la matière à cœur, avec pour objectif d’améliorer les propriétés du bois, en particulier la résistance fongique. Pour ce faire, conférer au bois un équilibre hygroscopique inférieur à la limite basse de développement des champignons est une approche qui permet en sus de limiter les variations dimensionnelles dues à l’humidité de l’air. Limiter les variations dimensionnelles augmente logiquement la durabilité des assemblages et des revêtements de surface, ce qui améliore encore les performances du matériau. Les constituants du bois possèdent des groupements hydroxyles qui rendent le matériau hydrophile. Les modifications thermochimiques envisagées dans ces travaux de recherche consistent principalement à limiter l’accès à ces groupements et/ou à réduire leur nombre, par imprégnation de monomères/oligomères bio-sourcés (oligomères d’acide lactique (OLA) ou de poly(butylène succinate) (OBS)) suivie de leur polymérisation in situ par traitement thermique. Le comportement hygroscopique du matériau, la persistance des oligomères dans le bois et la résistance biologique du bois traité sont les critères de sélection des traitements. Les traitements retenus conduisent à des matériaux ayant une meilleure stabilité dimensionnelle et une meilleure résistance biologique. Les potentielles applications de ces matériaux ont été évaluées après caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques, de l’adhésion des revêtements de surface et de la capacité de collage du bois traitéWood thermo-chemical modification process consists of permanent enhancement of wood properties in the core of the material. By decreasing wood equilibrium moisture content below the limit of fungi development, one could in addition reduce the dimensional variations due to humidity. A better dimensional stability of wood would be beneficial to durability of assemblies and surface coatings, further improving the performance of the material. Hydroxyl groups from wood polymers are responsible for the material hydrophilicity. The thermochemical modifications considered in this work mainly consist in limiting the access to these groups and / or reducing their number, by impregnation of bio-based monomers / oligomers (oligomers of lactic acid (OLA) or oligomers of butylene succinate (OBS)) followed by their in situ polymerisation by heat treatment. The hygroscopic behaviour of the material, the persistence of oligomers in the wood and the biological resistance of the treated wood are the criteria for the selection of treatments. The selected treatments lead to materials with enhanced dimensional stability and biological resistance. The potential applications of these materials have been evaluated after characterisation of mechanical properties, adhesion of the surface coatings and bonding capacity of the treated wood
35
Kravets, Vira V. "Optical Properties of Plasmonic Nanostructures for Bio-Imaging and Bio-Sensing Applications". Thesis, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10282081.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Kravets, Vira V. (Ph.D., Physics) Optical properties of plasmonic nanostructures for bio-imaging and bio-sensing applications Dissertation directed by Associate Professor Anatoliy Pinchuk. ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the physics of free electron excitations in gold nanoparticle chains, silver nanoparticle colloids, and thin gold films. Electron excitations in nanostructures (surface plasmons, SP) are responsible for unique optical properties, which are applied in bio-sensing and bio-imaging applications. For gold nanoparticle chains, the effect of SP on resonance light absorption was studied experimentally and theoretically. Mainly, how the spectral position of the absorption peak depends on inter-particle distances. This dependence is used in ?molecular rulers?, providing spatial resolution below the Rayleigh limit. The underlying theory is based on particle interaction via scattered dipole fields. Often in literature only the near-field component of the scattered field is considered. Here, I show that middle and far fields should not be neglected for calculation of extinction by particle chains. In silver nanoparticles, SP excitations produce two independent effects: (a) the intrinsic fluorescence of the particles, and (b) the enhancement of a molecule?s fluorescence by a particle?s surface. The mechanism of (a) is deduced by studying how fluorescence depends on particle size. For (b), I show that fluorescence of a dye molecule on the surface of a nanoparticle is enhanced, when compared to that of the free-standing dye. I demonstrate that the dye?s fluorescent quantum yield is dependent on the particle?s size, making labeled silver nanoparticles attractive candidates as bio-imaging agents. Labeled nanoparticles are applied to cell imaging, and their bio-compatibility with two cell lines is evaluated here. Finally, in gold films under attenuated total internal reflection (ATR) conditions, the SP create a propagating wave (SP-polariton, SPP) when coupled with the incident light. Because of the sensitivity of SPPs to the medium adjacent to the gold film surface, they are widely applied in bio-sensing applications. A toolbox for the description of sputter-deposited gold films is presented here: it employs three experimental techniques (ATR, transmittance and atomic force microscopy) in combination with the effective medium theory for double-layered film model. Our findings have allowed for the avoidance of superficial fitting parameters in our model.
36
Ortiz-Toral, Pedro J. "Steam reforming of bio-oil effect of bio-oil composition and stability /". [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
37
Pollard, Anthony Joseph Sherwood. "Comparison of bio-oil produced in a fractionated bio-oil collection system". [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1474690.
Pełny tekst źródła
38
MacDonald, Anne Elizabeth. "Blo gsal grub mtha'". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28107.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This thesis presents the translation and study of the twelfth section of Bio gsal grub mtha', an early fourteenth century Tibetan text composed by the bKa' gdams pa scholar, dBus pa bio gsal.
Bio gsal grub mtha' as a whole represents a distinct sort of scholarly literature known as Grub mtha' that finds its roots in Indian siddhānta literature. Tibetan Grub mtha' texts set forth, as the name in translation reveals, the "established tenets" of various Indian, Tibetan, and occasionally Chinese philosophical schools. The section of Bio gsal grub mtha' translated here presents the tenets of the Mādhyamika school of Tibetan Buddhism in general, and their fourteenth century bKa' gdams pa manifestation in particular.
The central tenet of Mādhyarnika philosophy is that all phenomena are empty of self-nature. Even that which is discovered to be the ultimate emptiness (stong pa nyid, śunyatā) - is also said to be devoid of any real self-nature. All phenomena are dependent-arisings, lacking reality, existing like dreams and magical illusions. These assertions are discussed in detail in the translation and in the second part of the introduction.
Of special interest to scholars of both Indian and Tibetan Buddhism, however, is dBus pa bio gsal's classification of the Mādhyamika subschools. The early Tibetan Buddhist scholars took upon themselves the task of categorizing and inventing names for the various Mādhyamika "schools", and dBus pa bio gsal's classification represents the development of such thought to the fourteenth century. The introduction elucidates both dBus pa bio gsal's divisions of the Mādhyamika sub-schools and elaborates on earlier and later classifications set forth by Tibetan scholars. The investigation provides insight into both the tenets of the Mādhyamika school and the attempts of the Tibetans to arrange the previously unclassified Mādhyamika subschools in a manner that would render them more logical and accessible to themselves and to future generations of scholars.Arts, Faculty of
Classical, Near Eastern and Religious Studies, Department of
Accompanied by original Tibetan text
Graduate
39
Biggs, Caroline Imogen. "Bio-integrative polymer surfaces". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/77145/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Protein-carbohydrate interactions mediate a diverse range of biological responses including pathogen-cell adhesion. In this age of decreased antibiotic discovery and increased antibiotic resistance, the study of protein-carbohydrate interactions is crucial to improve our understanding of pathogen-host interactions and surface bound carbohydrates, glycoarrays, offer a powerful tool towards furthering knowledge in this area. These concepts and current glycoarray methodologies are described in Chapter One. This thesis aims to develop glycan immobilisation techniques both directly and using polymeric tethers. Acrylate silane linkers are used to immobilise thiol-terminated monosaccharides by thiol-ene “click”, as described in Chapter Two. These immobilised glycans are then used to interrogate lectin-carbohydrate interactions. In Chapter Three the synthesis of poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate)s (pOEGMA)s and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)s (pNIPAM)s, by reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerisation is presented. The reduction of the terminal thiocarbonylthio group was explored for thiol-ene surface modifications and thiol-gold reactions. The resulting polymer coatings are characterised and a detailed Quartz Crystal Microbalance study compares their grafting. In Chapter Four, the concepts of glycan immobilisation and polymer grafting are combined and glycan-terminated polymers are synthesised, surface grafted and used to explore protein-carbohydrate interactions. The thesis concludes with the direct contact printing of high density arrays of glycosylated polymers, showing the potential of this technique as a screening tool to monitor these biologically relevant processes.
40
Sieloff, Sven. "Bio-Kraftstoffe in Deutschland". Bremen Salzwasser-Verl, 2004. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2838392&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Pełny tekst źródła
41
Lethbridge, Alfred John. "Bio-inspired optical systems". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14727.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This thesis presents an investigation into some of the structural colours that are produced in nature. There are many animals and plants that produce structural colour, with a particularly high structural colour diversity in insects. Of the species that exhibit structural colours, three species are the subjects for investigation of this thesis. Those comprise a group of beetles from South-East Asia, Torynorrhina flammea, a buttery, Parides sesostris and a fruit, Margaritaria nobilis, both from South American rainforests. The structures that produce the vivid colours of these species were analysed using electron microscopy. This information aided the design and creation of three inorganic, synthetic replicas of the natural structures. The fruit of Margaritaria nobilis was structurally analysed, yielding the discovery of a novel multilayer fibre. These fibres were cylindrical in design and were found to be layered together producing the epidermis of the fruit. The multilayer structure produced a vivid blue colour appearance, which is believed to offer a selective advantage because the colour deceives birds into thinking that the fruit contains nutritious flesh. This selective advantage earns M. nobilis the label of mimetic fruit. The structure found within the M. nobilis fruit epidermis inspired the synthesis of a structure which comprises single cylindrical multilayer fibres. The synthetic fibres were manufactured from elastic materials which allow the structure to be deformed under strain and, therefore, a change in colour can be observed. As the structure was stretched, this made the layers get thinner and, therefore, the colour of the fibre blue-shifted. The fibre was able to be stretched to over twice its original length which yields a shift in peak reflected wavelength of over 200 nm. Four beetles from the Torynorrhina flammea species were investigated with the aim of replicating the nanostructures responsible for their colour appearance. The initial interest in the beetles came from their strikingly vivid colour appearances. The structure responsible for the vivid colours in all four of the subspecies is a multilayer with high structural order and over 100 laminae. Both of these attributes contribute to the saturation of the colours exhibited. The multilayer was found to be intersected by an array of rods, the long axis of which is orthogonal to the surface. The rods are believed to be the cause of an interesting diffraction phenomenon exhibited by the beetles. Using imaging scatterometry, the structure was found to diffract the colour produced by the multilayers into an annulus around a specularly reflected white spot. This inspired the synthesis of a multilayer permeated with an array of holes with the aim of replicating a system that could reproduce the annular pattern of colour reflection. The initial synthesised system comprised a quarter-wave stack with a perfectly ordered hexagonal array of holes permeating the surface orthogonally. The sample displayed the scattering characteristics of a hexagonal array, and the reflection spectra of the multilayer stack. When disordered hexagonal arrays were milled into the structure with a focussed ion beam, the scattering pattern started to show more of the green colour from the multilayer and less of the ordered scattering pattern. The highly disordered, synthesised structure displayed no hexagonal scattering pattern, but instead it showed a highly scattered bluish-green colouration. One sample was created by directly mapping out the array of holes using an image of the original array from one of the beetle samples. This sample was expected the same annular diffraction pattern as the beetles, however, the sample instead exhibited the same scattering pattern as the highly disordered array. Some structurally coloured systems in nature have more than one light scattering structure, all of which contribute to the overall colour of the system. For complicated systems such as this, it is necessary to devise a technique to characterise the individual scattering structures separately. One such species that displays a complex, multicomponent system is Parides sesostris. The male of the species displays bright green patches on the dorsal side of the forewings which are made up of thousands of green wing scales. These green scales contain a 3D gyroid poly-crystal at centre with a membrane layer surrounding the underside of each scale and a scattering structure on top. Using focussed ion beam milling techniques allowed the individual characterisation of each of these structures. The gyroid poly-crystal was found to reflect not green but blue wavelengths. This led to the discovery by another group [1] that the scales contain at least one type of fluorophore. The removal of the membrane structure and some of the gyroid poly-crystal from the base of the scale resulted in the change of the overall scale structure from green to cyan. This suggests that the membrane maybe a significant source of fluorescence. Computational modelling, without fluorescence, suggests that the addition of the membrane layer to the gyroid does not shift the band-gap wavelengths; however, the overall reflection intensity does increase. The scattering structure on the top side of each scale is comprised a bi-grating which sits on top of the 3D gyroid structure. The long periodicity of the bi-grating protrudes above the surface, resulting in the very top layer of the scale to be a mono-grating. This whole structure decreases the angular-dependence of the colour by efficiently scattering the incident light into the gyroid and also scattering the reflected light from the gyroid, resulting in a double-scattering. FIB-milling was used to isolate the scattering part of the structure. Analysis of this component of the structure revealed that it was not a source of the green colour itself; however, it did show the characteristic scattering pattern of a mono-grating. The small periodicity of the bi-grating did not produce a scattering pattern since the periodicity is too small to produce optical diffraction at normal incidence. To characterise the effect of the fluorophores, the whole scale structure was photo-bleached using ultra-violet radiation for two months with the aim of destroying the fluorophores contained within the structure. The expected result occurred which was the blue-shifting of the peak reflected wavelengths. However, it could not be confirmed whether or not the photo-bleaching reduced the physical size of the light scattering structures which would, in theory, result in a blue-shift of the peak reflected wavelengths. The male P. sesostris green wing scales were also the subject for investigation for trying to make inorganic replicas of the gyroid-polycrystal. A surface sol-gel coating process was utilised to coat the green wing scales with titania. This coating process was performed using a few different methods. Half of the samples were coated with TiO2 and the other half with tin-doped TiO2. Half of each of these samples had their surfaces dendritically amplified before the coating processes and the other half were left untreated. The samples were coated with 25 surface sol-gel (SSG) cycles of each treatment at a time. After each 25 cycle treatment the samples were optically characterised. The total number of cycles applied to the samples at the end was 150. The addition of layers of titania resulted in a general red-shift that was higher for the tin-doped titania samples than for the titania samples. Another general trend found was that the samples that had their surfaces dendritically amplified, produced a lower red-shift in peak wavelength. This was contrary to the hypothesis that the amplification process was supposed to aid the SSG coating process and, therefore, increases the red-shift in peak wavelength.
42
Gonos, Theophile. "Bio-inspired adaptive sensing". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6217.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Sensor array calibration is a major problem in engineering, to which a biological approach may provide alternative solutions. For animals, perception is relative. The aim of this thesis is to show that the relativity of perception in the animal kingdom could also be applied to robotics with promising results. This thesis explores through various behaviours and environments the properties of homeostatic mechanisms in sensory cells. It shows not only that the phenomenon can solve partial failure of sensors but also that it can be used by robots to adapt to their (changing) environment. Moreover the system shows emergent properties as well as adaptation to the robot body or its behaviour. The homeostatic mechanisms in biological neurons maintain fi ring activity between predefi ned ranges. Our model is designed to correct out of range neuron activity over a relatively long period of time (seconds or minutes). The system is implemented in a robot’s sensory neurons and is the only form of adaptability used in the central network. The robot was fi rst tested extensively with a mechanism implemented for obstacle avoidance and wall following behaviours. The robot was not only able to deal with sensor manufacture defects, but to adapt to changing environments (e.g. adapting to a narrow environment when it was originally in an open world). Emergence of non-implemented behaviours has also been observed. For example, during wall following behaviour, the robot seemed, at some point, bored. It changed the direction it was following the wall. Or we also noticed during obstacle avoidance an emerging exploratory behaviour. The model has also been tested on more complex behaviours such as skototaxis, an escape response, and phonotaxis. Again, especially with skototaxis, emergent behaviours appeared such as unpredictability on where and when the robot will be hiding. It appears that the adaptation is not only driven by the environment but by the behaviour of the robot too. It is by the complex feedback between these two things that non-implemented behaviours emerge. We showed that homeostasis can be used to improve sensory signal processing in robotics and we also found evidence that the phenomenon can be a necessary step towards better behavioural adaptation to the environment.
43
朱崇學 i Chung-hok Chu. "Fang Bao, 1668-1749". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31208587.
Pełny tekst źródła
44
Hertzberg, Peder. "En bro för lite". Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-4818.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Ett mindre men mer användbart försvar ställer krav på tillgänglighet och användbarhet för ingå-ende förband. Försvarsmakten tog 2005 fram Spårbarhetsmodellen som ett verktyg för att säker-ställa rätt resurser på rätt plats och även som ett sätt att styra ambitionsnivåer. Resursen brosystem är en viktig del för att kunna lösa ut Försvarsmaktens krav på insatsförmåga och lösandet av för-svarsuppgifter enligt Spårbarhetsmodellen. Frågan är då om det finns balans mellan uppgifter och tillgängliga resurser?I uppsatsen analyseras vilket behov av brosystem som finns kopplat till uppgifter, doktriner och reglementen. Vidare så visas vilken tillgänglighet som finns avseende brosystem i nu gällande organisation. Genom att följa spårbarhetsmodellens uppbyggnad kan vi i uppsatsen följa För-svarsmaktens uppgifter som de ställs av statsmakten hela vägen ner till leverans av resursen brosy-stem.Uppsatsens resultat visar vilka krav som ställs på resursen brosystem för att understödja manöver-förbandens lösande av insatsförmågor vid ett väpnat angrepp. Härvid redovisas ett krav på till-gänglighet och förmåga med Logistik-, understöds – och anfallsbrosystem. Uppsatsens redovisade resultat visar att det finns en differens angående tillgänglighet och behov av brosystem i dagens organisation. Det finns inte bara en skillnad i antalet broar utan mer allvarligt är att befintliga brosystem inte är optimerade att lösa uppgifter över hela operationsområdet. Det som sticker ut mest är bristen på anfallsbroar vilket kan innebära att ett 3,5 meters dike stoppar manöverförban-den då förmåga till broslagning i hög hotmiljö saknas. Detta utgör en kritisk sårbarhet och är gränssättande för hur vi kan lösa tilldelade uppgifter vid ett väpnat angrepp mot Sverige.
45
Walish, Joseph John. "Bio-inspired optical components". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45950.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2008.Includes bibliographical references.
Guiding electro-magnetic radiation is fundamental to optics. Lenses, mirrors, and photonic crystals all accomplish this task by different routes. Understanding the interaction of light with materials is fundamental to improving and extending optical science and engineering as well as producing novel optical elements. Improvement in this understanding should not only include work to understand the interaction with traditional engineering materials but also should target the understanding of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with biological structures as millions of years of evolution have sorted out numerous ways to modulate light (e.g. the fish eye or the skin of the octopus). The goal of this thesis work is to fabricate novel optical elements by taking cues from nature and extending the state of the art in light guiding behavior. Here, optical elements are defined as structured materials that guide or direct electromagnetic radiation in a predetermined manner. The work presented in this thesis encompasses biologically inspired tunable multilayer reflectors made from block copolymers and improvements to liquid filled lenses which mimic the human eye.In this thesis a poly(styrene)-poly(2-vinylpyridine) block copolymer was used to create a bio-mimetic, one-dimensional, multilayer reflector. The wavelengths of light reflected from this multilayer reflector or Bragg stack were tuned by the application of stimuli which included temperature, change in the solvent environment, pH, salt concentration in the solvent, and electrochemistry.
(cont.) A linear-shear rheometer was also built to investigate the mechanochromic color change brought about through the shearing of a one-dimensional, high molecular-weight, block-copolymer, photonic gel. Biologically inspired lenses were also studied through the construction of a finite element model which simulated the behavior of a liquid-filled lens. Several tunable parameters, such as the modulus, internal residual stress, and thickness of the membrane were studied for their influence on the shape of the lens membrane. Based on these findings, suggestions for the reduction of spherical aberration in a liquid filled lens were made. A gradient in the elastic modulus of the membrane was also investigated for use in the reduction of spherical aberration.
by Joseph John Walish.
Ph.D.
46
Johnson, Benjamin C. F. (Benjamin Cedar Fruehauf). "Bio-inspired swimming helix". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77023.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60).
This thesis investigated a bio-inspired swimming chain (BISH), inspired by Weelia cylindrica. After developing a model, it was used to investigate conditions under which helical motion would emerge. The properties of this chain as the number of nodes changes was also investigated, to see if the helical motion or other properties of its motion were emergent behaviors. Other modes of motion were also observed. Optimization of the angle of propulsion of each was performed, and other optimizations attempted, although practical difficulties prevented useful results. A ten node chain was constructed to empirically verify the helical mode of motion.
by Benjamin C. F. Johnson.
M.Eng.
47
Chan, Brian 1980. "Bio-inspired fluid locomotion". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49762.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-99).
We have developed several novel methods of locomotion at low Reynolds number, for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids: Robosnails 1 and 2, which operate on a lubrication layer, and the three-link swimmer which moves in an unbounded fluid. Robosnail 1 utilizes lubrication pressures generated in a Newtonian fluid under a steadily undulating foot to propel itself forward. Tractoring force and velocity measurements are in agreement with analytic and numerical solutions. Robosnail 2, modeled after real land snails, uses in-plane compressions of a flat foot on a mucus substitute such as Laponite or Carbopol. Robosnail 2 exploits the non-Newtonian qualities (yield-stress, shear thinning) of the fluid solution to locomote. The glue-like behavior of the unyielded fluid allows Robosnail 2 to climb up a 90 degree incline or inverted 180 degree surfaces. The three-link swimmer is a device composed of three rigid links interconnected by two out-of-phase oscillating joints. It is the first experimental test that successfully demonstrates that a swimmer of its kind can translate in the Stokes limit.
by Brian Chan.
Ph.D.
48
Neltner, Brian (Brian Thomas). "Hybrid bio-templated catalysts". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59228.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2010.Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-154).
For decades, ethanol has been in use as a fuel for the storage of solar energy in an energy-dense,liquid form. Over the last decade the ability to reform ethanol into hydrogen gas suitable for fuel cell use has drawn interest as a way to increase the efficiency of both vehicles and standalone power generators. In this work, the M13 virus has been used as a biological scaffold and template to form hybrid Rh-Ni@CeO₂ nanowires. These composite materials have exceptionally high thermal stability, showing a greater than 8 th order growth when made as isolated nanoparticles, and over 2 0 th order growth when assembled into nanowires, compared to the expected 2 nd- 3 rd order behavior. The individual CeO₂ nanoparticles forming the wires are the smallest synthesized to date (1.3 nm), and over 20% of all oxygen sites were shown to be vacant, suggesting a very fast oxygen diffusion rate and highly active redox support enhancement. A chemical reactor was built to test the activity of the hybrid Rh-Ni@CeO₂ nanowires for the catalysis of ethanol into hydrogen gas in comparison to equivalent nanoparticle samples. Both nanowire and nanoparticle catalysts formed using these techniques showed excellent performance at only 300 C, and nanowires showed significantly improved resistance to deactivation over time on-stream. This study suggests that the use of biotemplating in the production of catalysts is a promising route to significant gains over traditional catalyst manufacture methods.
by Brian Neltner.
Ph.D.
49
Sharifi, Shayan. "Tribology of bio-implants". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2013. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22710.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The service life of bio-materials used as implants depends on many factors. One of the factors which may significantly reduce the implant's service life duration is wear. Many tribologists have attempted to propose a model to predict wear behaviours involving a wide range of material properties and operating conditions, but it is still believed that there is no way of predicting tribological performances of surfaces with absolute certainty. As a result, laboratory tests on wear of different bio-implants are the most trusted method to evaluate the wear performance of such components in this era. Bio-tribological techniques are developing constantly as long-term clinical results from various designs and materials are needed and wear testing is a critical gating item for preclinical evaluation. Recently, for abrasive wear tests, sphere-on-disc technique in microscale has been used to study the performance of different materials under abrasive wear. However, the possibility of occurrence of different wear mechanisms simultaneously in a tribological environment is high. Therefore, methods have been developed to combine different types of wear mechanisms with a variety of sliding conditions such as tribocorrosion testing. Wear processes which occur in the oral cavity can lead to dental defects which may require a restoration or replacement of damaged tissues. In the first part of this work the tribological behaviour of Y-TZP, as a dental restoration material, in popular caffeine based soft drinks, tea and coffee, under micro-abrasion conditions is investigated. The results suggested that the tea environment is less detrimental to Y-TZP implants than that of coffee. It was also suggested that Y-TZP implants will last up to twice as long when drinking coffee with milk compared to plain coffee, and up to four times as long compared to coffee with sugar. Evidence from the experiments showed that viscosity and acidity exacerbate the effects of load and exposure time. The work continues with investigating the tribocorrosion and wear performance of 316L grade stainless steel as an orthodontic material in artificial saliva using a micro-abrasioncorrosion apparatus. The results showed that linearity in the relationship between load and wear volume is limited to certain ranges. Also, the observed differences between the corrosion potentials at the various loads with and without particles indicated that the stability of tribo-films is critically dependent on the tribological conditions in such environments. Wear is also one of the main limiting factors on the life of total hip joint replacements. As bio-implants in the human body can be exposed to simultaneous chemical/electrochemical and mechanical stresses such as tribocorrosion, the evaluation of such surface degradation were carried out as a combined mechanism of corrosion and mechanical wear. The later part of this work considers and compares the tribological behaviour of a titanium alloy (Ti- 6Al -4V) with a CoCr alloy (CoCrMo) as common bearing materials in artificial hip joints, coated with DLC coating under micro-abrasion-corrosion conditions. The results analysis suggested that the combination of DLC coating and CoCrMo can exhibit a better performance for hip replacement applications. Also, the role of adhesion between the coating and substrate on material removal was pointed out. In order to understand the wear mechanisms involved in each set of experiments, wear mechanism maps were developed to describe the influences of different parameters.
50
Martínez, M. Cristián, C. Christián Méndez i P. Esteban Díaz. "Bio-Lube lubricantes ecológicos". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2004. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/113699.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Administración1.1 Oportunidad del Negocio El fuerte crecimiento del rubro industrial forestal en la última década (cerca del 30%), provocado en parte por un aumento en las exportaciones de madera, ha llevado a las empresas a realizar fuertes inversiones en automatización y mecanización de los procesos productivos, para conseguir ser más eficientes y por lo tanto competitivos con el resto del mundo. Este crecimiento y las inversiones realizadas han traído consigo serios problemas de contaminación ambiental, lo cual dentro de las políticas de gobierno y las exigencias de los mercados de destino de los productos madereros, han provocado que las empresas introduzcan fuertes cambios para solucionar los problemas ambientales modificando o sustituyendo aditivos o productos por otros que permitan que los procesos productivos sean más limpios. Entre los problemas que actualmente enfrentan todas las empresas del rubro aserraderos y plantas de remanufacturas, existe el de los derrames producidos por el uso de aceites derivados de hidrocarburos en la lubricación de equipos y cadenas. Para solucionar este problema es que nace como una necesidad Bio-Lube Ltda., empresa fabricante y comercializadora de aceites de origen vegetal para ser usados como lubricantes de cadena y otras aplicaciones de procesos productivos forestales, cuyo producto Bio-Chain WR, soluciona el problema de contaminación, al ser un producto 100% biodegradable y con un precio producto-rendimiento de menor valor que los biodegrables que se ofrecen actualmente en el mercado y muy competitivo con respecto a los derivados de hidrocarburos que se utilizan aún. 1.2 Modelo de Negocio Nuestra empresa ofrecerá el producto Bio-Chain WR, el cual ha sido formulado sobre la base de aceites vegetales (aceite de canola) y aditivos biodegradables, cuya composición se mantiene en reserva de sus dueños. El producto se comercializará en formato de tambores de 208 lts., mismo formato que utilizan las compañías competidoras. El precio de venta del producto será de $2100 + IVA, el cual es similar a los lubricantes base hidrocarburos y muy por debajo de las alternativas biodegradables (30 a 40% menos). El potencial de mercado para el producto Bio-Chain WR es de 280 tambores/mes considerando sólo las regiones VII, VIII y IX, que es donde se concentra el 85% del mercado. Bio-Lube Ltda., espera conseguir como objetivos de venta alcanzar el 5% (14 tambores/mes) del mercado en su primer año (a partir del segundo semestre), para luego aumentar en un 15% (42 tambores/mes) en el segundo año y para lograr desde el tercer al quinto años una participación del 25% (70 tambores/mes). La estrategia de comercialización contempla una etapa de introducción del producto al mercado, para lo cual se espera visitar en una primera etapa a los clientes de mayor nivel de consumo ofreciendo una prueba del producto sin costo, si esta no cumple las exigencias de calidad y rendimiento del cliente. Se estima que el tiempo para introducir el producto al mercado será de 3 a 4 meses. Adicionalmente, se realizará una campaña de marketing para fortalecer las cualidades del producto y la empresa. La estrategia de marketing se desarrollará en dos ámbitos: Imagen corporativa y de la marca; para lo cual se cuenta con un programa de actividades y presupuesto por año. En una primera etapa la estrategia será de marketing directo, fuerte en relaciones interpersonales, hacia las empresas. Aquí los ejecutivos de ventas se dirigen hacia los clientes. En la segunda etapa se realizará un marketing más indirecto y masivo con la utilización de medios tradicionales de publicidad. Lubricantes Ecológicos Bio-Lube Ltda. Parque Industrial S/N, Lota, VIII Región www.biolube.cl 3 1.3 Equipo y modelo organizacional El equipo ejecutivo de Bio-Lube Ltda. está compuesto por el Sr. Esteban Díaz, Gerente General, Ingeniero Comercial, con una gran red de contactos en la zona y con 10 años de experiencia en el sector financiero; Sr. Christian Méndez, Gerente Técnico y apoyo ventas, Ingeniero Civil Químico, con 10 años de experiencia en el sector forestal, desarrollando su carrera en producción, ingeniería y proyectos en empresas del rubro. Sr. Cristian Martínez, Gerente Comercial y apoyo ventas, Ing. Civil Industrial, con 8 años de experiencia en comercialización de lubricantes y asesorías en lubricación para el sector forestal e industrial. Adicionalmente, se contempla la contratación de dos personas para el área producción, bodega y despachos. 1.4 Proyecciones Financieras El valor de la empresa Bio-Lube Ltda. es de $140.994.352 millones y ha sido calculada en base a los flujos de caja de los primeros 5 años. La tasa de descuento utilizada para la evaluación es de un 30%, considerando una tasa por capitales de riesgo. La tasa interna de retorno es de un 88.64% y la inversión se recupera en los primeros 3 años. 1.5 Propuesta a los Inversionistas A continuación, se desglosa el capital requerido para la realización del proyecto Bio-Lube, el cual está compuesto por activo fijo y capital de trabajo.