Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Bulgars (Volga)

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Bulgars (Volga)”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 29 lipca 2024
Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Bulgars (Volga)"

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Rodionov, Vitaliy G. "“NOTE” (“RISALA”) BY IBN FADLAN AND FEATURES OF THE EARLY STAGE OF THE VOLGA BULGARS FORMATION (X century)". Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, nr 2 (30.06.2022): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2022-2-98-111.

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The tribes mentioned in Ibn Fadlan’s “Note” before their migration to the Middle Volga lived on the territory of the Khazar Khaganate (the North Caucasus, the Volga-Don steppes). It was there that they began to move to a settled life, as well as to converge in language and culture. The main part of the tribes genetically belonged to the Turkic-Ogurs, the ancestors of the Bersils were Persian-speaking, and the Esegels were Ugrians. Consequently, their ethnonyms were constructed in a completely different form. During the formation of the state of the Volga Bulgars, the term as-Sakaliba meant not only a specific ethnic group, but a political unification of various northern tribes. From the 10th century its place was taken by the polytonym Bolgars (Bulgars), known in the Byzantine world since the end of the 5th century and meaning the Oghur-speaking heirs of the Huns. The process of interaction between the intraethnic groups of the Volga Bulgars of that time was based on the traditions, on the one hand, of migrants from the North Caucasus and, on the other, of the Bulgar ethnic groups from the Volga-Don steppes. The main leaders of these intraethnic groups in 922 were, as Ibn Fadlan described, Emir Almysh and a certain “imposter” from the Suvars, nicknamed “thief, robber, bandit” (Vărăh). The main reason for the public unrest was the official acceptance of the religion of Islam by the Bulgarian king, which was followed by oblivion of the traditions of the ancestors. The society was divided into two groups: traditionalists and passionaries. The cult of Muslim saints of the Volga Bulgars developed through the development of early genealogical traditions of the Oguro-Bulgar tribes. Over time, they merged with images from the Judeo-Muslim literature. The new ethnic consciousness of the Volga Bulgars since the 10th century began to function in a two-level mode. At the interstate level, the exoethnonym Bulgar is approved, and at the level of the region and the Bulgar ethnos – the endoethnonym Bulyar.
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Khalikov, A. Kh. "Medieval Doctors in the Volga Bulgars and their Danube-Bulgarian Parallels". Kazan medical journal 70, nr 5 (15.10.1989): 388–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj101514.

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In the ninth and thirteenth centuries, two states with the same name Bulgars or Bilgars, that is, Volga Bulgaria in the Volga-Kama region and Danube Bulgaria in the Danube basin, were formed and developed in Europe. Despite the considerable distance of these countries from each other, different historical destinies and ethno-cultural environment, many features of the culture and life of the peoples, also called Bulgars, or Bilgars, were similar.
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Atamanov, Mikhail Gavrilovich. "ON THE PROCESS OF ISLAMIZATION AND TURKIFICATION OF THE UDMURTS IN THE MIDDLE OF THE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURIES". Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 14, nr 3 (2.10.2020): 476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2020-14-3-476-483.

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This article discusses conversion of pagan Udmurts to Islam in the XIX-XX centuries and their assimilation among the Kazan Tatars and partly among the Bashkirs. In the VII-VIII centuries AD, the Bulgars came to the Volga-Kama region, where the Udmurt tribes lived since ancient times, and they began active contacts with the local aboriginal population, whom they called "ar" (Chuv. ar, tat. Ir - “husband”, “man”) following the Khazars, and the Ar-Udmurts called them "biger". Linguistic, archaeological, anthropological, folklore data indicate active contacts of the Bulgars with the Ar-Udmurts. At the end of the VIII century, especially in the IX century, almost at the same time, when the Bulgars moved to the Volga, a large group of northern Udmurts, for reasons unknown to us, went to the Lower Kama region, to the Volga, where the state of Volga Bulgaria was creating. In the emerging state, mixing of cultural traditions of both groups, their leveling and the creating a new culture, which laid the foundation for the culture of the Volga Bulgaria, is observed. In some areas the Chepets-Ural population prevailed in number over the Bulgars. The process of Islamization and Turkification of the Udmurts was from the middle of the XIX century until the October Revolution of 1917.
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Kalinina, Tatyana. "The Significance of al-Biruni’s Stories about the Volga Bulgaria". Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, nr 4 (2022): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080020622-1.

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The article analyzes the information of the famous scientist of the 11th century. Abu Reyhan al-Biruni about the Volga Bulgaria, which are in his surviving works – “Monuments of past generations”, “Masudov’s tables on the astronomy of stars”, “Geodesy”, “The book of admonishment to the beginnings of the science of stars”, “Separation of speech about the problem of shadows”, “The Book of Information for the Knowledge of Jewels”, “India”. In these works, the adherence of the Bulgars to Islam is mentioned several times, which was especially emphasized by the author, despite the fact that this people lived far to the north, on the edge of the “inhabited land”. This northern location of the Volga Bulgaria and its localization among the seven climates were especially noted by al-Biruni. He specifically paid attention to the geographical coordinates of the two cities of Bulgaria, which, according to his ideas, were in the state of the Slavs (as-sakaliba). It is possible that this view was based on Ibn Fadlan's book about his journey to the Volga Bulgaria, although al-Biouni does not mention this event. The author also showed the position of the shores of this country among the seas of the Earth, pointing to a certain northern bay of the Surrounding Sea, which is in contact with the country of the Volga Bulgars. This information has different interpretations. Al-Biruni singled out the information of the Bulgars about trade with the northern peoples of the Isu and Yura. Al-Biruni was one of the first to inform about the trade relations of these peoples with the Bulgars, their methods of trade (“barter trade”) and their ways of moving on the snow. A unique evidence of the language spoken by the inhabitants of the Bulgar city of Suvar as a combination of Turkic and Khazar is revealed. Some of the messages cited by al-Biruni were obtained by him from the books of geographers of the 9th–10th centuries, but revised by the author in accordance with his own knowledge and ideas; some of the messages are original. The idea of our author about the cities and people of the Bulgars as the most remote people of the civilized world is emphasized by the fact that the Bulgars, unlike other nearby peoples (such as the Isu and Yura), are Muslims, which was repeatedly emphasized by him in different books. Despite the use of the books of his predecessors, al-Biruni showed that the Bulgars in his time were quite important in the international arena due to the Muslim religion and trade.
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Konovalova, Irina. "Volga Bulgaria on the Map of Ibn Hawqal". Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, nr 4 (2022): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080021123-2.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of information about the Volga Bulgaria in “The Book of the Picture of the Earth” (Kitāb ṣūrat al-arḍ) by an Arab scholar of the second half of the 10th century Ibn Ḥawqal who combined descriptive and cartographic ways of showing the earth in his work. This makes it possible to conduct a comparative analysis of the cartographic image of the country, on the one hand, and its textual description, on the other. The article reveals the main sources about the Bulgars and states that the image of Bulgaria on Ibn Ḥawqal’s world map was based on the Arab tradition of describing the Volga Bulgars as a people who lived on the banks of the Atil River. The real information underlying this tradition was connected with the Volga-Caspian trade route well known to Islamic merchants already in the 9th century. Therefore, the localization of the Volga Bulgaria on the map was attached to the image of the Atil River and the peoples adjacent to the Bulgars — the Rus and the Slavs. The novelty of Ibn Ḥawqal’s information about the Volga Bulgaria was connected with the cartographic localization of the Bulgars and with the positioning of Bulgaria on the religious and political map of the world as a state that occupied a peripheral position in relation to the three world empires (Islamic world, Byzantium and China), but at the same time was significant in the context of the story about the ecumene as a whole.
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Belenov, Nikolay Valeryevich. "Najib Hamadani and Ahmed at-Tusi’s Bulgarian oikonyms and their location in the former Volga Bulgaria". Samara Journal of Science 5, nr 3 (1.09.2016): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20163206.

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This article attempts to localize the fortresses of the Volga Bulgars (first of all, fortresses Marj and Tehshu) known from medieval authors reportedly Najib Hamadani and Ahmed at-Tusi. In the course of solving this problem the question of these authors data reliability is raised, as well as the common source of this information borrowing. There is a good reason to see this in the source known among the Arab-Persian historical and geographical medieval manuscripts as Rizal by Ahmed ibn Fadlan, the Secretary of Abbasid embassy to the Volga Bulgars Elteber Almush, who visited the Volga in 922. This fact explains the absence of Bulgarian cities known from other sources in the given lists as well as the question of uniqueness of Hamadani and at-Tusis information. On the basis of the sources synthesis, place-and folklore studies, the article proposes some options for localization of some of these forts and etymology options of Bulgarian oikonyms mentioned in the papers by the considered authors. The author proves the importance of place names data at the present stage of Bulgar study research, especially of Volga Bulgaria historical geography as well as further studies are planned.
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Konstantin Aleksandrovich Rudenko, Konstantin Aleksandrovich ч. "MEDIEVAL UDMURTS AND VOLGA BULGARIA IN X - EARLY XIII CENTURIES". Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 15, nr 3 (28.09.2021): 469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634//2224-9443-2021-15-3-469-480.

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The article deals with the problem of relations between two neighboring peoples - medieval Udmurts and Volga Bulgars in the 10 - early 13 centuries. The main material for the study was the archaeological materials presented at the present time by a significant number of studied archaeological objects - settlements and burial grounds. The author examines three stages of ethnocultural contacts: 1) X - the second half of the XI century; 2) the end of the XI - the middle of the XII century; 3) the second half of the XII - the beginning of the XIII century. At the beginning of the first stage, the degree of development of the material culture of both Bulgars and the Cheptsa population was at the same level, and the possibilities of development on the basis of raw materials in the Udmurt Cis-Urals were much higher. This situation persisted until the second half of the 10 century, when the Bulgar state began to actively develop the trade space to the north of its borders. Nevertheless, the Chepets population during this period was less exposed to the Bulgar trade expansion than the Mari, Mordovians and Murom, developing crafts and expanding ties with the Perm Urals. At the second stage, groups of settlers from the Volga Bulgaria appeared on Chepts, who influenced the development of high-tech industries and the emergence of new types of artifacts, for example, items of the Askiz type. By the end of the XII century. they have completely assimilated. In the same period, the connections of the Chepets population with the Perm Cis-Urals and Russian lands expanded. This situation continued at the third stage. At that time, mainly rare goods, for example, silk fabrics, were brought from the Volga Bulgaria. Thus, for three centuries, close ties of the medieval Udmurts with the Volga Bulgars remained, demonstrating special mechanisms of interaction in the changing conditions of the functioning of medieval ethnic groups in different models of cultural development.
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Valeev, Rafael M., i Yuri A. Zeleneev. "Muslim Coins as a Commodity and Means of Payment in International and Internal Trade In Volga-Ural Region In 8th- Beginning of 11th cc". Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 4, nr 38 (20.12.2021): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2021.4.38.137.151.

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The article examines the spread of Muslim Kufic coins in Eastern, Western and Northern Europe, on the territory of Volga Bulgaria, Ancient Rus, the neighbours of Bulgars – ancestors of the Mari, Udmurt, Mordva and other Finno-Ugric ethnicities during the early Middle Ages in the 8th – beginning of the 11th centuries. The research of these coins shows the list of countries and Muslim dynasties the above-mentioned countries had trade relations with and their chronological framework. Coins of Umayyads, Abbasids, Samanids, Buwayhids, Ziyarids, Qarakhanids and other Muslim dynasties were discovered. Ways of Kufic dirhems expansion and their chronological framework are shown. The main role of Khazar Khanate is marked for the time span of 8th – 9th centuries whereas since X century the principal part was played by Volga Bulgaria. American numismatist T. Noonan designated them as Khazar and Bulgar phases of trade of Kufic coins. Bulgar coins, minted in 902–990-s, participated actively in this process. Together they acted as a commodity and medium of exchange, which reflected the scale of trade operations of the early Middle Ages. The study of Muslim Kufic dirhems allowed the author to clear up the role of Khazar Khanate and Volga Bulgaria in the functioning of Great Silk and Volga routes in the 8th – beginning of the 11th centuries.
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Khamidullin, Salavat I. "RELATIONS BETWEEN THE BASHKIRS AND THE VOLGA BULGARS IN THE 10TH–13TH CENTURIES". Ural Historical Journal 71, nr 2 (2021): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2021-2(71)-137-145.

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The article examines the history of relations between the Bashkirs and the Volga Bulgars based on written sources (Arab-Muslim, Mongolian and Western European) and archaeological data. The study analyzes the earliest historical information preserved in the geographical tradition of al-Balkhi, represented by such authors of the 10th century as al-Istakhri and Ibn Haukal, as well as in the work of the 12th century geographer al-Idrisi. Special attention is paid to the problem of political affiliation of the Сhiyalik culture tribes, which, according to most scientists, were of Ugric origin. On this basis, they are figuratively called “Eastern Hungarians” in historical literature. The article concludes that the majority of Сhiyalik tribes were a part of the Bashkir polity already in the 10th century. At least, the 13th century Western European authors (Rubruck, Plano Carpini) equated Bashkiria with “Great Hungary” (Magna Hungaria). However, some of Сhiyalik tribes recognized the suzerainty of the Volga Bulgars. These, apparently, should include the Bashkir tribe Bulyar, which corresponds to the “land of Bular”, mentioned in the Hungarian chronicle “Gesta Hungarorum” and by al-Gharnati (12th century) as a part of Volga Bulgaria. With the beginning of the Mongol invasion in the Ural-Volga region, the Bashkirs accepted the Chingissids’ offer of an alliance, after which they participated in the conquest of Volga Bulgaria and in campaigns on the territory of other Eastern European countries.
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Salmin, Anton. "Matters of the Danube Bulgars Identity and the Historical Ancestors of Chuvash in the Studies of Arist Kunik". Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, nr 1 (luty 2022): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.1.14.

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Introduction. Academic of the Imperial Academy of Sciences of Saint Petersburg Arist Kunik published his work “On the Relationship of Hagan-Bulgarians with the Chuvash According to the Slavic-Bulgarian Nominalia” in 1878. The matters of the historical relationship of Bulgarians and Chuvash have been widely discussed since that time. The objective of the article is to evaluate the basic provisions of Kunik’s study from the point of view of innovative advances in this field. Attention is focused on the identity of Danube Bulgars and the historical ancestors of modern Chuvash. Methods and materials. Kunik based his reasoning on two books of Andrey Popov with the review of chronicles in the Russian version. Such chronicles are consolidated in scientific literature under the conventional name ‘Nominalia’. Kunik also used the opinions of Vasily Radlov. Analysis. Matters of the Danube Bulgars ethnogenesis enter largely into Kunik’s work. Given the fact that the Bulgars had come from the Caucasus and then divided into descents in the Volga and the Danube regions, Kunik resorts to comparative characteristics of the Danube and Volga historical ancestors of the Bulgars. In the Middle Volga region, the Bulgars appeared in the 8th – 9th centuries. This is evidenced by the archeological monuments of the saltov type. Bulgarian researchers find direct correspondence between the Kubrat and Asparuhovo Bulgarians. Results. Kunik says that the Chuvash are direct descendants of Bulgars. However, his views on this matter are quite unreliable. His doubts were dispelled in the 20th – 21st centuries by the historical science. In spite of the ambiguity of a lot of Kunik’s provisions on the identity of Danube Bulgars and the Chuvash, now his suppositions are confirmed to a great extent – primarily, by linguists. Generally Kunik based his research on the names of Bulgarian khans and numeral adjectives in the Nominalia.
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Książki na temat "Bulgars (Volga)"

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Vladimirov, Georgi. Drugata Bŭlgarii︠a︡ na Volga: Izgubenata t︠s︡ivilizat︠s︡ii︠a︡. Sofii︠a︡: Izdatelstvo Svetovna biblioteka, 2009.

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Zimonyi, István. The origins of the Volga Bulghars. Szeged: Universitas Szegediensis de Attila József Nominata, 1990.

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Androvski, Ivo. V Bŭlgarii︠a︡ na Volga: Khronika na edna ekspedit︠s︡ii︠a︡. Sofii︠a︡: Izd. "Avitokhol-Ivo Androvski", 2014.

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Akhmerov, Gaĭnetdin. Izbrannye trudy. Kazanʹ: Tatarskoe knizhnoe izd-vo, 1998.

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Pavlov, Nikolaĭ. Bŭlgarskii︠a︡t vŭpros vŭv Volgo-Uralieto (1988-2003). Sofii︠a︡: TANGRA TanNakRa, 2003.

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Frank, Allen J. Islamic historiography and "Bulghar" identity among the Tatars and Bashkirs of Russia. Leiden [Netherlands]: Brill, 1998.

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Bagautdinov, R. S. Prabolgary na Sredneĭ Volge: U istokov istorii tatar Volgo-Kamʹi͡a︡. Samara: Samarskiĭ regionalʹnyĭ fond "Poldenʹ XXII vek", 1998.

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Tekin, Talât. Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1988.

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Dău̇lătshin, G. M. Bulgarskai︠a︡ t︠s︡ivilizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ na Volge. Kazanʹ: Tatarskoe knizhnoe izdatelʹstvo, 2011.

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Dău̇lătshin, G. M. Bulgarskai︠a︡ t︠s︡ivilizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ na Volge. Kazanʹ: Tatarskoe knizhnoe izdatelʹstvo, 2011.

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Części książek na temat "Bulgars (Volga)"

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Zimonyi, István. "The Conversion of the Volga Bulgars to Islam". W Mass Conversions to Christianity and Islam, 800–1100, 215–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34429-9_10.

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Valiulina, Svetlana I. "Middle Eastern Glazed Ceramics of the 11th Century in Bilyar, the Capital of Volga Bulgaria". W Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 209–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86040-0_19.

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Mako, Gerald. "The Conversion of the Volga Bulgars". W Conversion to Islam in the Premodern Age, 156–59. University of California Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1b742qw.32.

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"Steppe Empires? The Khazars and the Volga Bulgars". W Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages (500-1300) (2 vols), 128–51. BRILL, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004395190_010.

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Davis, Paul K. "Lechfeld 9August 955". W 100 Decisive Battles, 110–12. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195143669.003.0027.

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Abstract Aside from the legend of a Middle Eastern origin, the Magyars in reality seem to have had FinnUgaric origins with traces of TurcoTartar elements. They had long practiced a nomadic lifestyle in central Asia and finally migrated westward past the Ural, Volga, Don, Dnieper, and at last the Danube Rivers. In chis movement, they had to successively fight and defeat ocher nomadic tribes, such as the Bulgars, Khazars, and Pecchenegs. le was finally the pressure of the Pecchenegs and Bulgars who drove the Magyars into Europe. As they entered eastern Europe, they encountered the power of the Byzantine Empire, which hired them as mercenaries and introduced them to Christianity; likewise, Germanic kings hired chem to aid in fighting the Slavs.
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Feldman, Alex M. "Case Studies of Monotheisation in Eighth- to Thirteenth-Century Pontic-Caspian Eurasia". W The Monotheisation of Pontic-Caspian Eurasia, 97–150. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474478106.003.0004.

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Due to the previous chapters’ foci on ethnogenesis, sedentarisation and monotheisation (Judaisation) in Khazaria, this chapter will in turn examine the same processes within each of the case studies in this order: the Volga Bulgars, Magyars, Pečenegs, Cuman-Qıpčaqs and Rus’. While many scholars have documented the Christianisation of various European polities, they have not necessarily examined them in regard to other possible monotheisations such as Islamisation or Judaisation. For example, Volga Bulgaria’s Islamisation came partially because of Khazaria’s Judaisation, according to the 10th-c. work of ibn Fadlān. The Magyar-Pečeneg migration through the Pontic-Caspian steppe came partially because of Khazarian policy according to the 10th-c. work of Constantine VII Porphyrogennētos. Throughout each case study, the chapter discusses various themes of monotheisation relating to economics, allegiances and law, paying special attention to archaeological discoveries relating to contested loyalties, notably through numismatics, epigraphy, sigillography, ceramics, fortifications and funerary archaeology. One of the primary questions threading through this chapter will be: were there so-called “ethnicities” before monotheism?
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Mako, Gerald, i Uriel Simonsohn. "24. The Conversion of the Volga Bulgars, by Ahmad b. Fadlān b. al-ʿAbbās b. Rāshid b. Hammād". W Conversion to Islam in the Premodern Age, 156–59. University of California Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520969100-030.

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Zimonyi, Istvan. "Volga Bulghars and Islam". W Bamberger Zentralasienstudien, 235–40. De Gruyter, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783112401231-025.

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"Historical Introduction: Volga-Bulgaria (before 1236)". W Historical Anthology of Kazan Tatar Verse, 1–40. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315027456-1.

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du Mesnil, Emmanuelle Tixier. "921-922. Ibn Faḍlān chez les Bulgares de la Volga". W L'Exploration du monde, 42–46. Le Seuil, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ls.bertr.2007.01.0042.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Bulgars (Volga)"

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Khramchenkova, Rezida. "INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH OF SPHERICAL CONES FROM VOLGA BULGARIA". W SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on ANTHROPOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY, HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b31/s9.048.

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М.П., Милованова,. "METAL PARTS OF THE BELT FITTINGS OF THE KRUTIK BURIAL GROUNDS OF THE IX - EARLY XI CENTURY (KLADOVKA I, II)". W Археология Владимиро-Суздальской земли. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2021.978-5-94375-365-7.21-37.

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Поселение Крутик - один из важных средневековых памятников Белозерья. К нему относятся могильники Кладовка I и II, выявленные в 2008 и 2009 гг. Одной из основных категорий находок, полученных на памятниках, являются металлические детали ременной гарнитуры. Они найдены в 230 экземплярах, всего из них гипотетически выделяется 12 наборов. На основании существующих аналогий наборы можно разделить на две традиции - южную и восточную. Южная является самой ранней и может быть связанна с салтовскими и мадъярскими древностями. Восточная традиция стилистически уводит нас в направлении Волжской Булгарии, Прикамья, Марийского Поволжья и имеет широкий круг аналогий. В целом эти предметы ременной гарнитуры датируются IX-XI вв. The settlement of Krutik is an important medieval settlement of the Belozerye. It includes the burial grounds of Kladovka I and II, identified in 2008 and 2009. One of the main categories of finds obtained on the monuments are metal parts of the belt set. They are found in 230 copies, a total of 12 sets are allocated. Based on the existing analogies, they can be divided into two traditions - southern and eastern. The southern one is the earliest and may be associated with the Saltov and Madyar antiquities. The Eastern tradition is stylistically oriented in the direction of Volga Bulgaria, the Kama region, and the Mari Volga region and has a wide range of analogies. In general, these items of the belt set date back to the IX-XI centuries.
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Gainullin, Iskander, Bulat M. Usmanov i Artur Gafurov. "Study of fluvial processes impact on archaeological sites of the Volga Bulgaria period using remote sensing data". W Eighth International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of the Environment (RSCy2020), redaktorzy Kyriacos Themistocleous, Silas Michaelides, Vincent Ambrosia, Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis i Giorgos Papadavid. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2571015.

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Gainullin, I. I., P. V. Khomyakov, A. G. Sitdikov i B. M. Usmanov. "Study of anthropogenic and natural impacts on archaeological sites of the Volga Bulgaria period (Republic of Tatarstan) using remote sensing data". W Fourth International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of the Environment, redaktorzy Kyriacos Themistocleous, Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis, Silas Michaelides i Giorgos Papadavid. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2240728.

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