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1
Wang, Hong Wei, Ying Liu, Bao Ling Wang i Ling Yan Yu. "Survey and Analysis of Energy System’s Energy Consumption Focused on Typical Industrial Buildings in Shenyang". Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (maj 2012): 2914–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2914.
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Industrial building energy consumption accounts for more than half of building energy consumption. In order to understand the situation of energy consumption of industrial building’s energy system in Shenyang located in China's northeast severe cold region, we investigated the distribution of industrial buildings and energy system’s energy consumption (HVAC, water supply and drainage, electrical system) of typical industrial buildings in Shenyang, it is found that the energy system’s energy consumption of Shenyang is great because of long-term neglecting of industrial building’s energy conservation. We must strengthen the designing of energy conservation, applying of new technology and supervising of industrial building to develop the potential of industrial building’s energy conservation.
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Millán-Martínez, Marlón, Germán Osma-Pinto i Julián Jaramillo-Ibarra. "Estimating a Building’s Energy Performance using a Composite Indicator: A Case Study". TecnoLógicas 25, nr 54 (3.08.2022): e2352. http://dx.doi.org/10.22430/22565337.2352.
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Several studies have analyzed the integration of energy-saving strategies in buildings to mitigate their environmental impact. These studies focused mainly on a disaggregated analysis of such strategies and their effects on the building's energy consumption and thermal behavior, using energy engine simulation software (EnergyPlus, TRNSYS, and DOE2) or graphical interface software (DesignBuilder, eQuest, and ESP-r). However, buildings are complex systems whose energy behavior depends on the interaction of passive (e.g., location and construction materials) and dynamic (e.g., occupation) components. Therefore, this study proposes a composite indicator Building’s Energy Performance (BEP) as an alternative to deal with this complex and multidimensional phenomenon in a simplified way. This indicator considers energy efficiency and thermal comfort. The Electrical Engineering Building (EEB) of the Universidad Industrial de Santander was selected to verify the performance of the BEP indicator. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed for different mathematical aggregation methods and weighting values to test their suitability to reproduce the building behavior. Different simulation scenarios modeled with DesignBuilder software were proposed, in which the energy-saving strategies integrated with the building was individually analyzed. The results confirmed that the integration of the building's energy-saving strategies improved the BEP indicator by approximately 16%. It has also been possible to verify that the BEP indicator adequately reproduces the building’s energy behavior while guaranteeing comfort conditions. Finally, the Building Energy Performance indicator is expected to contribute to the integration of sustainability criteria in the design and remodeling stages of buildings.
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Gu, Jiefan, Peng Xu i Ying Ji. "A Fast Method for Calculating the Impact of Occupancy on Commercial Building Energy Consumption". Buildings 13, nr 2 (19.02.2023): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020567.
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Occupancy, which refers to the occupant count in this paper, is one of the main factors affecting the energy consumption of commercial buildings. It is important for both building managers and energy simulation engineers to understand how an entire building’s energy consumption varies with different occupancy levels in the process of building automation systems or in assessments of building performance with benchmarking lines. Because commercial buildings usually have large scales, complex layouts and a large number of people, it is a challenge to simulate the relationships between an entire building’s energy consumption and occupancy. This study proposes a fast method for calculating the influence of occupancy on the energy consumption of commercial buildings with different building layouts and existing occupancies. Other occupant behaviors, such as the opening of windows and adjustment of shading devices, are comprehensively reflected in two basic building parameters: the balance point temperature and the total heat transmission coefficient of the building. This new method can be easily used to analyze how building energy varies with occupancy without a physical building’s energy model. An office building in Shanghai is taken as a case study to validate the proposed method. The results show that the coefficient of determination R2 between the calculated value and actual value is 0.86, 0.8 and 0.71 for lighting, cooling and heating energy, respectively, which is suitable in engineering applications.
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Fedorczak-Cisak, Małgorzata, Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina, Bożena Orlik-Kożdoń, Tomasz Steidl i Tadeusz Tatara. "Analysis of the Thermal Retrofitting Potential of the External Walls of Podhale’s Historical Timber Buildings in the Aspect of the Non-Deterioration of Their Technical Condition". Energies 13, nr 18 (4.09.2020): 4610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184610.
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The paper discusses thermal quality improvement in historic buildings. It is based on a case study of a wooden historical building in an architectural style typical of Zakopane, located in the Podhale region of Poland. The building’s historical value and timber structure prevent the application of typical thermal retrofitting solutions. This paper presents an analysis of the possibilities of the improvement of energy performance of a historic building (villa) which included: a review of the available energy performance improvement solutions applicable to this type of building, with a particular focus on applying internal insulation; a technical condition assessment using non-invasive methods, the identification of problematic areas in terms of the thermal retrofitting of buildings with timber walls and decks; in situ tests: thermovision tests which showed the places with temperature distribution field disturbances in the building’s envelope, focusing on thermal bridges; measurements of actual thermal transmittance coefficients for extant partitions; measurements of the building’s airtightness and the microclimate in selected rooms; numerical analysis: an assessment of the influence of the thermal bridges on the building’s existing condition, an analysis of water content changes in wall systems post-insulation. The presented approach enables the improvement of the energy performance of timber historical buildings while preserving the historical value of its architecture. It is innovative because it tries to fill in a research gap concerning a lack of relevant guidelines in Poland. The research questions that the authors asked were as follows. Is it possible to improve the thermal insulation of a building’s wooden walls without adversely affecting the building’s technical condition? With regard to the necessity to meet nZEB (nearly zero energy building) standards, is it feasible to improve the timber walls of historical buildings? The study found that under the correct assumptions and while maintaining a responsible approach to design, it is possible to improve the energy performance of historical buildings without interfering with historical heritage.
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Rehman, Hassam ur, Jan Diriken, Ala Hasan, Stijn Verbeke i Francesco Reda. "Energy and Emission Implications of Electric Vehicles Integration with Nearly and Net Zero Energy Buildings". Energies 14, nr 21 (25.10.2021): 6990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14216990.
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Buildings and the mobility sectors are the two sectors that currently utilize large amount of fossil-based energy. The aim of the paper is to, critically analyse the integration of electric vehicles (EV) energy load with the building’s energy load. The qualitative and quantitative methods are used to analyse the nearly/net zero energy buildings and the mobility plans of the Europe along with the challenges of the plans. It is proposed to either include or exclude the EV load within the building’s energy load and follow the emissions calculation path, rather than energy calculation path for buildings to identify the benefits. Two real case studies in a central European climate are used to analysis the energy performance of the building with and without EV load integration and the emissions produced due to their interaction. It is shown that by replacing fossil-fuel cars with EVs within the building boundary, overall emissions can be reduced by 11–35% depending on the case study. However, the energy demand increased by 27–95% when the EV load was added with the building load. Hence, the goal to reach the nearly/net zero energy building target becomes more challenging. Therefore, the emission path can present the benefits of EV and building load integration.
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Kovács, Tünde, Zoltán Nyikes i Lucia Figuli. "Application of High Energy Absorbing Materials for Blast Protection". Acta Materialia Transilvanica 1, nr 2 (1.10.2018): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amt-2018-0034.
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Abstract In the current century, building protection is very important in the face of terrorist attacks. The old buildings in Europe are not sufficiently resilient to the loads produced by blasts. We still do not fully understand the effects of different explosives on buildings and human bodies. [1–3] Computing blast loads are different from that of traditional loads and the material selection rules for this type of impact load are diverse. Historical and old buildings cannot be protected simply by new walls and fences. New ways need to be found to improve a building’s resistance to the effects of a blast. It requires sufficiently thin yet strong retrofitted materials in order to reinforce a building’s walls [4–6].
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Yin, Hang. "Building Management System to support building renovation". Boolean: Snapshots of Doctoral Research at University College Cork, nr 2010 (1.01.2010): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2010.37.
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Many publications have concluded that around 40% of the world’s energy costs are incurred in buildings. The biggest energy users in a building are facilities which cover 40% to 60% of the total energy cost. In recent years, construction work undertaken in building renovation and rehabilitation has increased considerably. Technical renovations have always brought better building management. Modern technology has a more user friendly interface as well as giving us the successful management of building systems and associated reduced costs. In order to implement more energy efficiency in existing buildings, Building Management System (BMS) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) play important roles in the energy & cost savings of the building’s life. This paper emphasises the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to support and justify essential building renovation that will improve a building’s performance and decrease annual energy costs. We will present an introduction to BMS and BIM ...
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Cha, Gi Wook, Won Hwa Hong i Jin Ho Kim. "A Study on CO2 Emissions in End-of-Life Phase of Residential Buildings in Korea: Demolition, Transportation and Disposal of Building Materials". Key Engineering Materials 730 (luty 2017): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.730.457.
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Architecture and building industry have been made diversified efforts to create a construction environment that promotes resource recycling. Many studies have been done to better understand and reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions throughout a building’s lifecycle. However, to promote sustainable development and a construction environment that facilitates resource recycling, more understanding and research is needed on energy consumption and CO2 emissions during the stage of dismantling a building. Noting that, this research investigates CO2 emissions in a building’s End-Of-Life (EOL) phase that includes dismantling of a building, transport and disposal of the waste generated in the course of dismantling residential buildings in Korea. According to the results of this study, CO2 emissions in a building’s EOL phase was 3,561kg CO2/100m2 for apartments, 3,184 kgCO2/100m2 for brick houses and 1,137 kg CO2/100m2 for wooden houses. The results showed that transport and disposal process of demolition waste accounts for 90% of all CO2 emissions in a building’s EOL phase. From this finding, it is necessary to have a proper, effective strategy for transport and disposal of demolition waste from dismantled buildings’ in order to reduce CO2 emissions during a building’s EOL phase.
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Joseph, Benedicto, Tatiana Pogrebnaya i Baraka Kichonge. "Semitransparent Building-Integrated Photovoltaic: Review on Energy Performance, Challenges, and Future Potential". International Journal of Photoenergy 2019 (20.10.2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5214150.
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Buildings consume large amounts of energy, and their transformation from energy users to producers has attracted increasing interest in the quest to help optimize the energy share, increasing energy efficiency and environmental protection. The use of energy-efficient materials is among the proposed approaches to increase the building’s energy balance, thus increasing the performance of building facades. Semitransparent building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV), being one of the technologies with the potential to increase a building’s energy efficiency, is considered as a feasible method for renewable power generation to help buildings meet their own load, thus serving dual purposes. Semitransparent BIPV integration into buildings not only displaces conventional building facade materials but also simultaneously generates energy while retaining traditional functional roles. The awareness in improving building energy efficiency has increased as well as the awareness in promoting the use of clean or renewable energy technologies. In this study, semitransparent BIPV technology is reviewed in terms of energy generation, challenges, and ways to address limitations which can be used as a reference for the BIPV stakeholders.
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Rahman, Md Samin, i Md Humayun Kabir. "Social Internet of Things (SIoT) Enabled System Model for Smart Integration of Building‟s Energy, Water and Safety Management: Dhaka City, Bangladesh Perspective". AIUB Journal of Science and Engineering (AJSE) 18, nr 1 (31.05.2019): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53799/ajse.v18i1.18.
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Dhaka, being the largest township of Bangladesh City Buildings is excreted by in-migration, a rapid growth of population, withering of living and infrastructure standard, which eventually is threatening overall sustainability and well beings. Modernization and digitalization of building infrastructure is not only an important step towards resolving the problems but also it will be a facilitator for smart, efficient and optimized urbanization. On May 2018, the authors conducted a survey among 51 Residential Building’s owner/building managers, 25 Non-residential Building’s owner/building managers and 25 corporate building’s owner/building managers to find market adoptable IoT solutions for building’s smart efficient energy, water and safety managements. The features requested in this survey are optimized and implemented by the authors and finally, here the system model with simulation results is presented. This system shows promising energy, water resource management optimization and some intriguing factors that validate its objectives, social characteristics, market usability.
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Zhivov, Alexander M. "Parameters for Thermal Energy Systems Resilience". E3S Web of Conferences 246 (2021): 08001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124608001.
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To provide a building design that is robust, adaptable, and affordable, one must understand the aspects of the building’s geographic location that will impact equipment selections, operating hours, and maintenance needs. One must also consider the building’s “thermal resilience,” i.e., its ability to withstand a heating plant outage. Designing for resilience is of growing importance, especially for military and government installations that must maintain critical functions even during outages. Buildings with a fast rate of temperature degradation with the loss of heating system function have low resiliency; buildings with a slower rate of temperature degradation have higher resiliency. In extreme cold climates, resiliency can play an integral role in protecting property during an outage. A drop in indoor temperature can pose a risk of freezing plumbing, which can lead to burst pipes and interior flooding that can cause enormous and costly damage, and which can effect a loss of workspace in an office building. More resilient designs must consider not only building HVAC installations, but also building envelope and the whole energy infrastructure, including thermal capacity of concrete and brick walls, internal water pipes, critical system redundancy, outside insulation without weak points, and a centrally controlled, low carbon hot water heat supply. This paper describes a quantitative approach to evaluate a system’s resiliency based on analytical and experimental studies conducted under IEA EBC Annex 73 and the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) project Technologies Integration to Achieve Resilient, Low-Energy Military Installations, to evaluate building energy performance in extreme climate conditions. This work recommends that more thermally resilient designs for buildings in cold climates include consideration of increased thermal resistance of the building envelope, improved whole-building airtightness, and higher thermal mass.
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Motuzienė, Violeta. "EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE OFFICE BUILDING SYSTEMS’ MANAGEMENT BASED ON THE LONG-TERM MONITORING DATA". Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 14 (24.08.2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2022.17251.
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Climate change and its consequences pose an existential threat to Europe and the world, where more than 75% of the European Union’s greenhouse gas emissions come from energy production. For this reason, it is very important to increase the energy efficiency of buildings, as the building sector is one of the biggest energy consumers with an impact on the still untapped potential for energy savings. Although buildings are constructed and certified as energy efficient, their in-use consumption is often significantly higher than expected. Especially significant in energy consumption between design and actual consumption are found in office buildings. The higher energy consumption is due to factors related to the design and operation phases. Researchers often emphasize the management of a building’s engineering systems as one of the key factors influencing a building’s energy consumption. The article analyses the existing office building and evaluates the efficiency of its energy using systems’ management based on long-term monitoring data. After identifying which systems are managed inefficiently, several management strategies have been proposed and evaluated. It was found that with simple management strategies heating energy reduction is about 20% per year.
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Albatayneh, Aiman, Mustafa Jaradat, Mhd Bashar AlKhatib, Ramez Abdallah, Adel Juaidi i Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro. "The Significance of the Adaptive Thermal Comfort Practice over the Structure Retrofits to Sustain Indoor Thermal Comfort". Energies 14, nr 10 (19.05.2021): 2946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102946.
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Any building’s design should sustain thermal comfort for occupants and promote less energy usage during its lifetime using accurate building retrofits to convert existing buildings into low-energy buildings so that the heating and cooling loads can be minimized. Regarding the methodology adopted in this research, an energy model of an educational building located at the German Jordanian University in Jordan was constructed utilizing DesignBuilder computer software. In addition, it was calibrated utilizing real energy consumption data for a 12-month simulation of energy performance. Subsequently, a computerized evaluation of the roles of building envelope retrofits or the adaptive thermal comfort limits in the reduction of the overall building energy consumption was analyzed. The results of the study show that the current building’s external wall insulation, roof insulation, glazing, windows, and external shading devices are relatively energy-efficient but with high cost, resulting in significant financial losses, even though they achieved noticeable energy savings. For instance, equipping the building’s ventilation system with an economizer culminated in the highest financial profit, contributing to an annual energy savings of 155 MWh. On the other hand, in an occupant-centered approach, applying the adaptive thermal comfort model in wider ranges by adding 1 °C, 2 °C, and 3 °C to the existing operating temperatures would save a significant amount of energy with the least cost (while maintaining indoor thermal comfort), taking over any retrofit option. Using different adaptive thermal comfort scenarios (1 °C, 2 °C, and 3 °C) led to significant savings of around 5%, 12%, and 21%, respectively. However, using different retrofits techniques proved to be costly, with minimum energy savings compared to the adaptive approach.
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Faghihmaleki, Hadi, Gholamreza Abdollahzadeh i Hedieh Esmaili. "A survey of hysteresis energy distribution and lateral displacement in steel buildings with CCB brace at internal and external frames". International Journal of Structural Integrity 9, nr 1 (5.02.2018): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-03-2017-0018.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the method of hysteresis energy distribution and maximum relative lateral displacement in buildings’ stories, under the influence of scaled records for near-fault and far-fault earthquakes. The bracings in the considered buildings’ plan are distributed in two different ways: in the first case, the braces are added in external frames of the building, and in the second case, in the internal ones. Design/methodology/approach This research first selects some steel buildings with concentric braces and studies the seismic vulnerability of buildings under different earthquakes in accordance with the concepts of input and Hysteresis energy. In order to study the impact of braces’ distribution in the building’s plan, the buildings were modeled in this study in two ways. In the first way the braces were added to the building’s external frames and in the second way in its internal ones. Findings Results show that the need for far-fault scaled records’ displacement is more than the near ones and that the resultant relative lateral displacements in buildings with external braces are more than those with internal ones. Originality/value After these studies on the way of hysteresis energy distribution, it was shown that in case of buildings with internal braces, as the building’s height increases, the share of higher stories of the hysteresis energy rises. Also, it was illustrated that hysteresis energy distribution in buildings with internal braces is more uniform than those with external ones.
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Ozcan Deniz, Gulbin. "An analytic network process (ANP) model to examine LEED-certified buildings’ operational performance". Built Environment Project and Asset Management 7, nr 4 (14.09.2017): 366–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-11-2016-0073.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to create and present a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design New Construction (LEED NC) building performance assessment model that will identify and prioritize external parameters affecting a LEED-certified building’s operational performance. Design/methodology/approach The uncertainty associated with external parameters affecting a LEED-certified building’s operational performance is examined through the use of analytic network process (ANP). An ANP model is created based on the extensive literature research and experiences of professionals in the green building industry. Eight case studies are analyzed, and data collected through interviews with experts are utilized in prioritizing external parameters affecting buildings’ operational performance. Findings The findings show that the most important external parameters affecting a LEED-certified building’s operational performance are lack of enhanced commissioning, lack of life cycle assessment/life cycle costing analysis, lack of energy modeling, and lack of knowledge in green technology. The results demonstrate that both asset value and profit, as well as the economic life of the facility, are mostly affected by the energy efficiency of the building, and consequently LEED NC energy and atmosphere category. Originality/value This research contributes to the body of knowledge on green architecture by defining and prioritizing external parameters and their relationships to operational building performance in LEED NC projects. The proposed model can be used by construction managers and facility managers to operate LEED-certified buildings better and reduce environmental impacts throughout the functional life cycle of the building.
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Szczotka, Krzysztof, Anna Barwińska-Małajowicz, Jakub Szymiczek i Radosław Pyrek. "Thermomodernization as a Mechanism for Improving Energy Efficiency and Reducing Emissions of Pollutants into the Atmosphere in a Public Utility Building". Energies 16, nr 13 (28.06.2023): 5026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16135026.
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Improving energy efficiency indicators and reasonable use of energy resources in the context of the increasing demand for energy are sectors that must definitely be paid attention to. The fight against climate change must start in the construction sector, as buildings are the main consumers of energy. Saving energy through the rational use of energy sources and good thermal insulation of buildings allows you to reduce the amount of heating and/or cooling bills as well as to care for the environment by reducing emissions. This article presents aspects of improving the energy efficiency of a health clinic building in Mszana Dolna through the use of comprehensive thermal modernization of the external envelope. Thermal modernization of the most energy-intensive and leaky external partitions in the building, i.e., the external walls below and above the ground and the ventilated flat roof, managed to save 53% of the building’s thermal energy, which directly translates into lowering the building’s operating costs. We managed to achieve an improvement in energy efficiency ratios from 37% to almost 60%, and a reduction in CO2 emissions at a level of nearly 50%.
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Liang, Rui, Xichuan Zheng, Jia Liang i Linhui Hu. "Energy Efficiency Model Construction of Building Carbon Neutrality Design". Sustainability 15, nr 12 (8.06.2023): 9265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129265.
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We aim to create a feasible quantitative method to calculate the energy efficiency of building designs that are carbon-neutral and to develop a workable way of calculating energy efficiency in buildings that achieve carbon neutrality and the system for such a building’s design energy efficiency function. This paper first clarifies the idea of the design energy efficiency function for a carbon-neutral building over its whole life cycle. Subsequently, through the efficient analysis of carbon-neutral design dimension measures, this paper summarizes and integrates the mature theories of various disciplines, puts forward the energy efficiency function model of carbon-neutral design background, propulsion, and coverage, and implements the energy efficiency function model of carbon-neutral design in the whole life cycle of buildings. The index value of a building’s carbon emission factor is established based on the carbon accounting factor published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and a carbon neutrality energy efficiency model for buildings over the duration of their whole life cycle is constructed. The results were as follows. 1. Technology energy efficiency is far better than scale energy efficiency and comprehensive energy efficiency. 2. The better the energy efficiency value inside the building stage, the less consumption and the higher the production. 3. Construction is when technical energy is used the least. This paper refers to a systematic design method that makes the level of building carbon neutrality design technologically advanced with the aid of all types of big data related to the building life cycle and various innovative design theories in order to fully represent the fundamental level, development potential, and the effectiveness of choosing the strategy of building carbon neutrality.
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Cova, Sónia, Carlos Andrade, Orlando Soares i Jorge Lopes. "EVALUATION OF COST-OPTIMAL RETROFIT INVESTMENT IN BUILDINGS: THE CASE OF BRAGANÇA FIRE STATION, PORTUGAL". International Journal of Strategic Property Management 25, nr 5 (8.07.2021): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2021.15082.
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Office buildings built before the entry into force of the first thermal regulation in 1991 constitute a relevant group for analysing the energy performance of the Portuguese building sector. A dynamic energy simulation was used to assess the energy performance of an existing office building located in the town of Bragança, Portugal. Four energy efficiency measures were selected and a financial evaluation through the internal rate of return (IRR) method was undertaken to choose the best retrofit option for improving the building’s energy performance. An investment package consisting of the roof insulation and a new equipment for the domestic hot water system presented an IRR higher than the discount rate used in the analysis, and, thus, a positive financial return. The results of the study also suggest that the EU’s comparative methodology framework is not particularly suitable for assessing building retrofit investment at the private investor’s perspective and further refinement in the cost-effective approach to renovations is needed to help stimulate building’s energy renovation market. Suggestions for further studies conducted for office buildings in the different climate zones in Portugal are also proposed.
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Wahlström, Åsa, i Mari-Liis Maripuu. "Additional requirement to the Swedish nearly zero energy requirements". E3S Web of Conferences 246 (2021): 14002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124614002.
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This study has analysed which options would be appropriate to use as additional requirements to the main requirement of primary energy number in the new Swedish building regulations. The starting point is to ensure that buildings are built with good qualitative properties in terms of the building envelope so that low energy use can be maintained throughout the life of the building despite changes in installation systems or the building’s occupancy. The additional requirements should aim to minimize energy losses, i.e., to ensure that the building's total energy demand is low. The following possible additional requirements have been examined: net energy demand, net energy demand for heating, heat power demand, heat loss rate and average heat transfer coefficient. In order to ensure that the additional requirements will work as desired and to explore possibilities with, and identify the consequences of, the various proposals, calculations have been made for four different categories of buildings: single-family houses, apartment buildings, schools and offices. The results show that the suggested option net energy demand will not contribute to any additional benefits in relation to primary energy number. The other options analysed have both advantages and disadvantages and it is difficult to find a single additional requirement that fulfils all the pre-set demands.
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Akram, Md Washim, Muhammad Firdaus Mohd Zublie, Md Hasanuzzaman i Nasrudin Abd Rahim. "Global Prospects, Advance Technologies and Policies of Energy-Saving and Sustainable Building Systems: A Review". Sustainability 14, nr 3 (24.01.2022): 1316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031316.
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Automation, modernization, economic development and global progress depends on efficient extraction and utilization of energy. Power generation by burning fossil fuels makes various adverse impacts on the environment. Additionally, the worldwide fossil fuel reserve is limited and depleting very fast. Hence, efficient energy usage and savings are crucial to address the environmental issues to ensure sustainable development. Buildings, both commercial and residential, represent a major energy consumption sector. Approximately 40% of the total energy is reportedly consumed in the building sector. Worldwide building energy consumption, performance measuring systems and best practices, energy-saving techniques and policies are reviewed and summarized in this article. Underfloor air distribution, double-glazed windows, use of highly efficient electric motors and variable speed drives may play a great role in reducing building energy consumption. In the UK, the application of double-glazed windows in commercial buildings can save 39–53% energy. The proper maintenance of a building’s central heating system can save up to 11% energy. The automatic HVAC control system can reduce up to 20% of the building’s total heating load. Proper utilization of a VSD system in motor and building performance optimization by an ANOVA tool also proved instrumental in saving energy. Apart from this, the building codes of different countries also help to improve building performance by reducing energy consumption. This study will help building researchers and policymakers to make a framework for sustainable, green building.
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Geryło, R. "Energy-related conditions and envelope properties for sustainable buildings". Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 64, nr 4 (1.12.2016): 697–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2016-0079.
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AbstractThe assessment methodology for the sustainability of buildings is based on the analysis of environmental, social and economic performance. The main purpose of the paper is the presentation of energy-related conditions and envelope properties as well as methodology aspects. The first part of the paper presents the literature review on sustainability and zero-energy buildings. The second part is devoted to describe different energy indicators for the evaluation of primary energy requirements and energy characteristic. The last section describes the general methodology for characterization of energetic properties of the building envelope and gives examples from literature of the effect of applications in a building’s envelope an aerogel based thermal insulation for higher thermal transmittance and a PCM for higher latent heat capacity with general description of results obtained by other authors. The crucial measure is the use of high thermal performance components for the building’s envelopes combined with the heat storage potential. In the context of sustainability, energy related conditions constitute a new set of indicators for identifying the usefulness and the efficiency of new technologies.
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Punia, Aditya. "Analysis of the Impact of Passive Design Strategies on Energy Consumption of a Building in Composite Climate Zone". Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 24, nr 03 (10.03.2022): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/22/0282.
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The demand for buildings that can deal with current challenges such as environmental conservation, climate change, and sustainability etc., has increased as cities have grown more rapidly. Retrofitting of existing buildings utilizing ideas such as sustainability can enhance the energy performance of new and existing infrastructure while taking economic and cultural issues into account. Buildings account for over 40% of global power demand as well as 40% of CO2 emissions. This paper presents a thorough analysis of thermal performance parameters for composite building walls, including thermal transmittance. Renewable energy sources provide an endless supply of power. Solar energy can be used passively or actively to complement a building’s energy demands. It is possible to minimize energy consumption for a building’s heating, cooling, and lighting needs by using a climate-sensitive strategy in the design of architectural elements such as static sunshades, walls, and roofs. It has been observed that the basecase consumes 93134.4 kWh, whereas the proposed-case consumes 68317.7 kWh. There is a huge 26.65% reduction in the annual energy consumption by adopting passive design strategies.
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Kragt, Stijn, E. R. Van den Ham, H. Sentjens, A. P. H. J. Schenning i Tillmann Klein. "The Potential of Static and Thermochromic Window Films for Energy Efficient Building Renovations". Journal of Facade Design and Engineering 10, nr 2 (6.12.2022): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/jfde.2022.powerskin.6.
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The type of glazing implemented in a building plays an important role in the heat management of a building. Solar heat entering through glazing causes overheating of interior spaces and increases building’s cooling load. In this work, the energy saving potential of window films based on Cholesteric Liquid Crystals (CLC) is explored. This emerging technology allows for the fabrication of static and thermochromic solar heat rejecting window films and can provide a simple renovation solution towards energy efficient buildings. Simulations on a model office showed that static CLC-based window films can save up to 29% on a building’s annual energy use in warm climates. In climates with distinct summer and winter seasons, static solar heat rejecting windows films cause an additional heating demand during winters, which reduces the annual energy savings. In these climates, the benefit of thermochromic CLC-based window films becomes evident and an annual energy saving up to 22% can be achieved.
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Zhou, Haojiang. "A Discussion on the Building’s Exterior Wall Insulation Technology and Energy-saving Materials". World Construction 4, nr 1 (26.03.2015): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/wc.v4i1.50.
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<p>Hereby discussed on the most commonly used building’s exterior insulation technology and energy-saving materials. Promote positive building’s exterior wall technology, be sure to strengthen the development and utilization of new energy-saving materials, so that the EEB (Energy Efficiency Building) get implemented.</p>
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Zhou, Haojiang. "A Discussion on the Building’s Exterior Wall Insulation Technology and Energy-saving Materials". World Construction 4, nr 1 (26.03.2015): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/wcj.v4i1.4.
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<p>Hereby discussed on the most commonly used building’s exterior insulation technology and energy-saving materials. Promote positive building’s exterior wall technology, be sure to strengthen the development and utilization of new energy-saving materials, so that the EEB (Energy Efficiency Building) get implemented.</p>
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Cîrstolovean, Lucian, i Paraschiva Mizgan. "Validation of Building Energy Modeling Tools for a Residential Building in Brasov Area-Romania". Ovidius University Annals of Constanta - Series Civil Engineering 20, nr 1 (1.12.2018): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ouacsce-2018-0004.
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Abstract A building energy model is a simulation tool which calculates the thermal loads and energy use in buildings. Building energy models provide valuable insight into energy use in buildings based on architecture, materials and thermal loads. In addition, building energy models also must account for the effects of the building’s occupants in terms of energy use. In this paper we discuss building energy models and their accuracy in predicting energy use. In particular, we focus on two types of validation methods which have been used to investigate the accuracy of building energy models and on how they account for their effects on occupants. The analyzed building is P + M located in the climatic zone 4, Sânpetru / Braşov. We have carried out a detailed and exemplary energy needs analysis using two methods of analysis.
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Luo, Lei, Liu Yang i Marlia Mohd Hanafiah. "Construction of renewable energy supply chain model based on LCA". Open Physics 16, nr 1 (31.12.2018): 1118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2018-0132.
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Abstract The current building’s energy supply chain model has the characteristics of high complexity, time-consuming, poor accuracy, and high pollution coefficient. In this paper, a renewable building’s energy supply chain model based on LCA is proposed. Based on the definition of planned supply chain, procurement, construction and delivery process, the operation reference model of renewable green building’s energy supply chain is analyzed. According to the analysis of LCA, the life cycle stage set of renewable green building’s energy supply chain is obtained. A renewable green building’s energy supply chain model with economic and low-carbon comprehensive objectives is obtained by combining the economic goal-oriented model with the low-carbon goal-oriented model and introducing the life cycle stage set. The experimental results show that the modeling complexity of the model is low and the time-consuming is less. The model fits the actual situation well. The pollution coefficient of the model is smaller than that of the current model. It is practical and provides technical reference for the field of green building.
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Huifen, Zou, Yang Fuhua i Zhang Qian. "Research on the Impact of Wind Angles on the Residential Building Energy Consumption". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/794650.
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Wind angles affect building’s natural ventilation and also energy consumption of the building. In winter, the wind direction in the outdoor environment will affect heat loss of the building, while in summer the change of wind direction and speed in the outdoor environment will affect the building’s ventilation and indoor air circulation. So, making a good deal with the issue of the angle between local buildings and the dominant wind direction can effectively solve the winter and summer ventilation problems. Thereby, it can enhance the comfort of residential person, improve indoor air quality, solve heat gain and heat loss problems in winter and summer in the severely cold and cold regions, and reduce building energy consumption. The simulation software CFD and energy simulation software are used in the paper. South direction of the building is the prototype of the simulation. The angle between the direction of the building and the outdoor environment wind is changed sequentially. Energy consumption under different wind angle conditions is compared with each other. Combined with natural ventilation under various wind angles, the paper gives the best recommended solution of building direction in Shenyang.
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Song, Yiming. "Generating Building’s Operating Energy Automatically by Energy Plus and C#". International Research Journal of Electronics and Computer Engineering 3, nr 1 (30.03.2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/irjece.2017.3.1.11.
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Abstract—The use phase of buildings always contributes to the largest share of life cycle energy consumption and life cycle environmental impacts. This paper selects different wall materials, provides a possible method to calculate operating energy consumption of alternative wall assemblies automatically, and suggests the influences that different layers have on operating energy. The results show that the operating energy consumption varies according to the insulating layer while the thickness of air gap has a negligible impact on the operating energy. And it can be seen that the material and thickness of insulation has a great influence in the building’s operating energy and there should be more research focusing on the method to generate life cycle energy in order to optimize the buildings performance in the architectural design.
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Dwijendra, Ngakan Ketut Acwin, Untung Rahardja, Narukullapati Bharath Kumar, Indrajit Patra, Musaddak Maher Abdul Zahra, Yulia Finogenova, John William Grimaldo Guerrero, Samar Emad Izzat i Taif Alawsi. "An Analysis of Urban Block Initiatives Influencing Energy Consumption and Solar Energy Absorption". Sustainability 14, nr 21 (1.11.2022): 14273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114273.
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Population growth and urbanization cause developing-country cities to create energy-intensive buildings. Building energy efficiency can be improved through active and passive solar design to reduce energy consumption, increase equipment efficiency, and utilize renewable energy, converting renewable energy into thermal energy or electricity. In this study, passive architecture was evaluated for both urban block and building energy usage. When reliable information and analysis of signs and parameters impacting energy consumption are available, designers and architects can evaluate and passively design a building with higher precision and an accurate picture of its energy consumption in the early stages of the design process. This article compares the location of Baku’s building mass to six climate-related scenarios. Three methodologies are used to determine how much solar energy the models utilize and the difference between annual heating and cooling energy consumption. The structure’s rotation has little effect on the energy utilized in most forms. Only east-west linear designs employ 6 to 4 kWh/m2 of area and are common. Most important is the building’s increased energy consumption, which can take several forms. The building’s westward rotation may be its most important feature. Any westward revolution requires more energy. Building collections together offers many benefits, including the attention designers and investors provide to all places. Having an integrated collection and a sense of community affects inhabitants’ later connections. Dictionary and encyclopedia entries include typology discoveries. These findings will inform future research and investigations. An architect must know a variety of qualities and organizations to define and segregate the environment because architecture relies heavily on the environment. This research involves analyzing the current situation to gain knowledge for future estimations. The present will determine the future.
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Sadeghi, Neda, i Vahid Faghihi. "BIM-BASED ENERGY PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A BUILDING ENVELOPE IN SEMI-ARID CLIMATE ZONE IN THE MIDDLE EAST". Journal of Green Building 17, nr 3 (1.06.2022): 227–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.17.3.227.
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ABSTRACT The BIM building envelope integrates a BIM building’s internal and external environments, improving energy efficiency and substantially lowering energy usage. This research aimed to assess the energy efficiency of typical building envelope materials in Iran. To do this, we used Autodesk RevitR to generate a generic model and DesignBuilderR to conduct an energy analysis. The BIM building envelope integrates a BIM building’s internal and external environments, improving energy efficiency. A BIM building envelope energy analysis was performed on 58 local wall constructions material in Iran. Then, the energy consumption of a BIM building’s HVAC system was then compared against the costs of all external wall alternatives to determine the optimal layer combination. Consequently, the energy simulation results demonstrated that the double external wall structure, 2AAC block core, with XPS (CFC) insulation exterior wall and the single external wall, PERLEX Ultra-Lightweight (PUW) wall performed better. In addition, the clay block wall is found to be the optimum solution for the case study location. The applicability of the proposed system is validated with a case study of a traditional residential building.
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Amoruso, Fabrizio, Udo Dietrich i Thorsten Schuetze. "Development of a Building Information Modeling-Parametric Workflow Based Renovation Strategy for an Exemplary Apartment Building in Seoul, Korea". Sustainability 10, nr 12 (29.11.2018): 4494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124494.
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Apartments in South Korea have high maintenance costs and an average lifetime of 25 years due to poor construction qualities. The common apartment redevelopment strategy is completely demolishing the neighborhoods and then replacing them with new buildings. However, this research discusses the framework for the refurbishment of an existing building in Seoul using Building Information Modeling (BIM) and parametric tools. The virtual model of an exemplary existing building is constructed in a BIM environment. Parametric software is used to simulate the building’s environmental performance, in order to determine its energy demand for heating and cooling and the indoor comfort. In order to reduce the energy demand for heating and cooling, improve the indoor comfort, generate photovoltaic energy and extend the building’s lifetime, a modular building envelope renovation system is developed. Building simulation results of the improved building envelope are used to quantify the differences with the existing building. The research results illustrate significant improvements in energy performance, comfort and lifetime extension that can be achieved. Furthermore, a guideline for a streamlined building optimization process is provided, that can be transferred and used for the planning and optimization of other building renovation projects.
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Ramadan, Ayah Mohamed. "Building envelope optimization technique to increase energy efficiency of office building in Egypt". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1056, nr 1 (1.08.2022): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1056/1/012021.
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Abstract Sustainable design is a design strategy that aims to improve environmental quality as well as the quality of a building’s internal atmosphere by limiting negative consequences on the structure and the surrounding environment. Several new building envelope technologies and concepts have been presented as solutions for enhancing indoor comfort and lowering environmental impact during building life cycles. In Egypt, the high sensitivity to temperature fluctuations resulted in an increase in power usage to meet the necessary cooling loads. Energy simulations are a common way to improve a building’s energy efficiency. Design Builder program with the Energy Plus simulation engine was used for energy analysis of the building. This was confirmed by comparing the energy efficiency performance of selected case studies of buildings with and without a sustainable development approach. In two parametric series, an existing prototype of a residential unit module will be utilized to evaluate energy performance, co2 emission and thermal comfort. It has been discovered that a building envelope with a variety of characteristics may provide the inhabitants with the highest level of residential comfort. In comparison to similar-sized structures, the building façade decreases energy usage by 80% related to CO2 emissions, according to this study.
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Evangelisti, Luca, Claudia Guattari, Gabriele Battista i Luciano Santarpia. "Influence of Shading and Transparent Surfaces on Historical Building Energy Retrofit". Applied Mechanics and Materials 737 (marzec 2015): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.737.173.
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This study aims to assess the influence of greenery shading and transparent surfaces on historical building’s energy demand under a retrofit point of view. To achieve this goal, the energy requirement of the whole building has been considered. In order to improve buildings energy efficiency several simulations have been performed. In particular, the effects of some interventions related to different windowed elements, characterized by progressively improved thermal properties, have been taken into account.
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Wang, Nan, i Mahjoub Elnimeiri. "The Influence of Street Geometry on Building’s Energy Consumption in Different Climate Zones". Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (maj 2012): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.147.
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This research explores the influence of different street geometry towards reducing the energy consumption in buildings by utilizing building energy simulation software. In different climate condition, the different street geometry has different influence on building’s energy consumption. This influence is quantified in this research. It is found that in three climate zones – Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, the energy consumption of buildings is changed according to different H/W ratio of buildings. This finding determines that the optimum street geometry will be different in these climate zones. The designers should consider such difference before doing architecture or urban planning work. This research will also provide some suggestions and recommendations to the energy-efficient community design based on the findings.
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Abrahamsen, Fredrik Ege, Sturla Grina Ruud i Alemayehu Gebremedhin. "Assessing Efficiency and Environmental Performance of a Nearly Zero-Energy University Building’s Energy System in Norway". Buildings 13, nr 1 (9.01.2023): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010169.
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Increasing awareness of climate issues in recent decades has led to new policies on buildings’ energy consumption and energy performance. The European Union (EU) directive 2010/31/EC, i.e., the energy performance of buildings directive (EPBD), is one of the measures initiated to achieve climate and energy goals by reducing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector. The EPBD required all new buildings to be nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEBs) by 2021. Nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEBs) are buildings with a very-high-energy performance and nearly zero or low-energy requirements covered to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources produced on-site or nearby. The utilisation of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels is a common approach for achieving the nZEB standard. The carbon footprint of PV panels is often not discussed as a parameter. This paper aimed to analyse the environmental performance of an existing nearly zero-energy university building in a Norwegian use case scenario. This analysis is performed by assessing annual electricity and heat consumption from both energetic and environmental perspectives. The energy required for the building during the studied period is then used to analyse the environmental and energy performance of the building. When it comes to the environmental assessment, the commercial software SimaPro was used. The proposed revision EPBD and nZEB definition from 2021 suggests that nZEBs should also consider operational greenhouse gas emissions and life-cycle global warming potential from 2027. The life cycle assessment (LCA) of the building’s energy sources looks at the global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and how they compare to Norwegian grid electricity. The results of the analysis highlights potential challenges to justifying the use of alternative energy sources to fulfil the criteria of nZEBs. When installing solar PV, it is important to consider the energy mix of the country where the solar PVs are produced. To solely consider the energy performance of the building, the installation of solar PV panels in countries with a high share of renewable energy may result in a reduced impact in terms of emission reduction from a life cycle perspective.
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Hübner, D., A. Moghayedi i K. Michell. "The impact of industry 4.0 technologies on the environmental sustainability of commercial property by reducing the energy consumption". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, nr 6 (1.11.2022): 062018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/6/062018.
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Abstract This research examined the concept of industry 4.0 technologies (IT4) and identified the effects that they have on the environmental sustainability of commercial properties in South African. The extensive literature review revealed that IT4 used to reduce the energy consumption of commercial properties is not widely adopted in South Africa. This could be attributed to South Africa’s energy building regulation, SANS 204, which provides the minimum energy saving specifications for local building requirements. It was discovered that only green buildings implemented industry 4.0 energy-saving technologies to reduce their energy consumption above the SANS 204 standards. Furthermore, it was found that buildings waste large amounts of energy which can be prevented through the use of industry 4.0 energy-saving technologies. The researchers attempted to evaluate the impact of IT4 on the energy consumption of South African commercial properties through an overarching constructivist paradigm. The research was conducted using a multi-case study approach, utilising qualitative and quantitative data on green buildings which have IT4 installed. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the quantitative data (energy consumption), while qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews for an in-depth analysis. The research findings revealed that IT4 could reduce a commercial building’s energy consumption by as much as 23%. The study also found that IT4 reduced a building’s carbon footprint and improved employee productivity. This paper would provide value to developers and landlords who have limited information regarding the factors around the implementation of IT4.
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Celadyn, Magdalena, i Waclaw Celadyn. "Apparent Destruction Architectural Design for the Sustainability of Building Skins". Buildings 12, nr 8 (12.08.2022): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081220.
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Technical durability and aesthetical longevity of building skins are among the fundamental demands of sustainable architecture in terms of building fabric’s physical changes due to deterioration. This concept paper presents a design concept intended to fill the existing gap related to the limited durability of buildings and non-existing design methods for its effective extension. The study concentrates on the anticipation and assimilation of disintegration processes occurring in time into the architectural design methodology to promote the design techniques focused on the visual expression of the coexistence of nature and the artificial in the function of time. This study investigates the building’s enclosure as an active boundary through which the building’s interaction with the natural environment occurs, as well as a regulator of the building’s energy performance and a factor conditioning their durability. The consideration of formal and esthetical deconstruction in architectural design is followed by the analyses of some relevant examples of completed buildings and cultural determinants underlying this issue. The proposed Apparent Destruction Architectural Design (ADAD) concept addresses the time-dependency of the building skins’ physical properties manifested by the deterioration, destruction and re-figuration of the building’s fabric. This design concept offers a solution to the disturbing problem of architecture’s impermanence enhances the issue of sustainability of the building’s fabric in time, becomes a means to search for the unconventional comprehension and vision of architecture, as well as to reframe the architectural design toward its compliance with sustainability postulates through the aesthetic concept.
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Golder, Santu, Ramadas Narayanan, Md Rashed Hossain i Mohammad Rofiqul Islam. "Experimental and CFD Investigation on the Application for Aerogel Insulation in Buildings". Energies 14, nr 11 (4.06.2021): 3310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113310.
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Reducing building energy consumption is a significant challenge and is one of the most important research areas worldwide. Insulation will help to keep the building’s desired temperature by reducing the heat flow. Additionally, proper insulation can provide an extended period of comfort, leading to reduced building energy requirements. Encapsulated air is the major aspect of most thermal insulation materials. Low thermal conductivity is a good characteristic of thermal insulation materials. Aerogel has low thermal conductivity, so it is suitable for glazing and insulation purposes. This research paper investigates the effectiveness of aerogel as an insulation material in buildings by incorporating a translucent aerogel-glazing system in the window and aerogel insulation in the wall of a building. Experimental investigation of a 10 mm thick aerogel blanket surrounded box was conducted to assess its performance. Additionally, a CFD simulation was conducted, and the results of temperature degradation for the wall showed good agreement with experimental results. Additionally, the CFD simulation of temperature decay was compared between the aerogel-glazed window and argon-glazed window. It was found that the aerogel-glazed window has slower temperature decay compared to the argon-glazed window. The results showed that integrating aerogel in the glazing system and wall insulation in a building has the potential to reduce the building’s energy consumption. Moreover, a numeric simulation was conducted, and showed that the building’s annual energy consumption is reduced by 6% with the use of aerogel insulation compared to fiberglass.
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Adamczyk, Janusz, i Robert Dylewski. "Ecological and Economic Benefits of the “Medium” Level of the Building Thermo-Modernization: A Case Study in Poland". Energies 13, nr 17 (1.09.2020): 4509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174509.
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Energy saving is at the heart of sustainable development in the context of climate change. Saving energy is not only the amount of energy that we save, but also reducing emissions of pollutants to the atmosphere, as well as reducing the consumption of energy resources that are used to produce energy. Reducing pollutant emissions and the use of energy resources can be achieved by increasing the use of renewable energy sources, but at present, this method of obtaining energy in the world is not representative. It should be noted that renewable energy devices throughout the life cycle generate environmental impact. Similar to this situation, the building’s thermo-modernization, which is focused on reducing the pressure on the environment of the building’s user, also has an impact on the environment throughout the building’s life cycle. Determining this environmental impact and ecological or economic benefits or costs is the purpose of the following article. Thermo-modernization of the building, for the purposes of the article, is understood as thermal insulation of walls and replacement of the heat source for heating the building and preparation of hot utility water. The need to replace the heat source with a much more ecological one results in Poland from provincial legal regulations announced by virtue of a resolution. In the study, data from the Ecoinvent data library included in the SimaPro computer program was used for the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) analysis. As a result of thermo-modernization of the representative buildings, large ecological benefits were obtained, while economic costs remain at a high level.
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Seo, Won Duck. "The Building’s Skin Design and Configuration Method for Facilitating Solar Energy". Advanced Materials Research 689 (maj 2013): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.689.26.
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The purpose of this study is to survey the characteristics of the building’s skin design structure necessary for facilitating solar energy, defining the design factors, and presenting the technique in the actual application. The building’s skin design requires an application plan based on the characteristics and status of the building structure. The application plan corresponds with regional requirement, climate, and other factors.
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Maželis, Titas, i Rasa Džiugaitė-Tumėnienė. "THE IMPACT OF AN OFFICE INDOOR CLIMATE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION". Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 14 (18.08.2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2022.17220.
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This article presents the impact of changing the operating parameters of a building’s indoor climate systems on a building’s management system. The study is performed using the dynamic energy modelling program DesignBuilder. The created dynamic energy model is based on the documentation of an actual administrative building and the data recorded by the building management system. The developed model changes the operating modes and parameters of the components of microclimate systems. After the changes, simulations are performed to obtain new results for the building’s energy needs. These results are compared, and the impact of different parameters on energy consumption is analyzed. The study found that a proper setting of indoor climate performance can lead to a 26% reduction in heat and a 7% reduction in cooling costs, which does not adversely affect the comfort of the people.
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Fernandes, Joana, Maria Catarina Santos i Rui Castro. "Introductory Review of Energy Efficiency in Buildings Retrofits". Energies 14, nr 23 (3.12.2021): 8100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14238100.
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Energy-efficient building retrofits must be approached from three perspectives: law regulation approach, financial incentives approach, and practice approach. The concepts of zero energy building and life cycle energy building are presented as the basis for energy retrofits. Multi-criteria boards to assess the decision-making process are reviewed, analysed, and categorised under an architectonic perspective. Some examples are presented, with different packages of measures, from deep to non-invasive energy retrofits. Passive and active energy generation systems, together with control and management strategies, are the physical elements identified with the potential to improve buildings’ energy efficiency. From a practice approach, this literature review identifies the concept of performance-based architectural design to optimise the planning and design of buildings’ energy retrofits. In addition, tools such as Building Information Modelling are described as part of optimisation processes, as they enable designers to rapidly analyse and simulate a building’s performance at the design stage.
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Dodoo, Ambrose. "Energy and indoor thermal comfort performance of a Swedish residential building under future climate change conditions". E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017202001.
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The latest climate change projections for Sweden suggest mean annual temperature increase of up to 5.5 °C by 2100, compared to 1961-1990 levels. In this study we investigate the potential impacts of climate change on the energy demand for space conditioning, overheating risk and indoor thermal comfort of a modern multi-storey residential building in Sweden. We explore climate change adaptation strategies to improve the building’s performance under the climate change conditions, including increased ventilation, solar shading, improved windows and mechanical cooling. The building is analysed under future climate projections for the 2050-2059 time frame, with representative concentration pathway (RCP) 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The building’s performances under these future climates are compared to those under the historical climate of 1961-1990 and recent climate of 1981-2010. The results suggest that climate change will significantly influence energy performance and indoor comfort conditions of buildings in the Swedish context. Overheating hours and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) increased significantly under the future climate scenarios. Furthermore space heating demand is reduced and cooling demand is increased for the studied building. However, effective adaptation strategies significantly improved the buildings’ energy and indoor climate performances under both current and future climate conditions.
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Riekstiņš, Roberts. "BUILDING ENERGY AND ARCHITECTURAL FORM RELATIONSHIPS / PASTATO ENERGIJOS IR ARCHITEKTŪRINĖS FORMOS RYŠIAI". Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 3, nr 3 (7.06.2011): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2011.053.
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Energy efficiency of buildings, of course, is now a major issue in the construction industry. It is being widely examined both among construction professionals and amateurs. There is no doubt that energy efficiency as a key factor in ensuring environmental sustainability will become the main driving force of the construction in the future. Buildings have to become more energy-efficient. This opinion is supported by the existing energy-use balance in Europe, indicating that the housing sector spends almost half of total energy consumption and building sector forms more than a third of total CO2 emissions (Bradley 2010). While discussing the subject of building energy efficiency, mostly different technical characteristics of buildings and engineering solutions are talked over. However, it has been relatively little examined how energy-efficient design affects the building’s architecturally-aesthetic side, styles of expression and trends in the architect’s profession. We learn that the essence for an energy-efficient building lies in smart modesty (Bokalders, Block 2010) and the rational utilization of materials (aim high – go low). And still – can energy efficient building be expressive, extravagant, and perhaps – even ambitious? There are many ideas implemented in projects which show that energy efficiency is not an obstacle to large scale architectural ideas. However, in order to combine architectural and artistic ambitions with the principles of sustainability, architects should search for an entirely new approach to architectural expression based on a detailed assessment of solutions applied from environmental point of view. It requires a complex understanding of building shape, applied technologies, energetic benefits and cost parameters. This article identifies the realised and experimental projects of the world and presents an analysis of classification of buildings according to typology. This publication gives general impression of the amplitude and topicality of the study issue, as well as the diversity applied to the architectural techniques. The article concludes that even creating a building’s shape in a smart way makes it possible to use substantial part of the renewable energy offered by nature.
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Eydner, Matthias, Bamo Toufek, Tobias Henzler i Konstantinos Stergiaropoulos. "Investigation of a multizone building with HVAC system using a coupled thermal and airflow model". E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 04040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911104040.
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In building energy simulations, the air infiltration and interzonal airflow are generally either not considered or calculated oversimplified. However, the effects of air infiltration and building airflow have an impact on the thermal comfort and the building’s energy load. The various zones in multi-zone buildings, the operation of windows, doors and mechanical ventilation make the system’s analysis complex and challenging. Building airflow affects pressure, temperature and moisture differences. Therefore, this study investigate the airflow inside a multizone building with changing user behavior, using a coupled building and system energy simulation. A decentralized air-only HVAC system provides the ventilation system with a control strategy, which variably adapts the airflow to the load in the individual zones. The effects of the air infiltration, interzonal airflow and mechanical ventilation in the building are investigated with a node and link network in TRNSYS using the airflow model TRNFLOW (COMIS). Investigating different variations of the ventilation rates and building’s airtightnesses, the results are shown by comparison with a reference model without airflow simulation. Finally, this study shows a comprehensive approach at low computational costs, determining the air quality, the thermal conditions and the airflow in a multizone building using an HVAC system.
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Pushkar, Svetlana, i Abraham Yezioro. "Life Cycle Assessment Meeting Energy Standard Performance: An Office Building Case Study". Buildings 12, nr 2 (2.02.2022): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020157.
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Transitioning from fossil to renewable energies, particularly photovoltaic (PV) energy, could influence building design in terms of environmental evaluation. The aim of this study was to rate a typical office building that complies with the Israeli Standard SI5282, Energy Rating of Buildings, and to evaluate it by life cycle assessment (LCA). An office building in Tel Aviv with four exterior wall construction technologies was modeled as follows: (1) a concrete-block-based wall with minimal windows; (2) a concrete-block-based wall with maximal windows; (3) an autoclaved aerated-block-based wall with minimal windows; and (4) an autoclaved aerated-block-based wall with maximal windows. The electricity sources used to support the building’s operational energy were: (i) 31% coal, 56% natural gas, and 13% PV (adopted in 2020); (ii) 8% coal, 57% natural gas, and 35% PV (planned for 2025); and (iii) 100% PV (planned for the future). A two-stage nested mixed analysis of variance was used to simultaneously evaluate the results of six ReCiPe2016 methodologies. The results show that as fossil fuels are replaced by PV energy production, there is a greater need to use LCA methodology in building design in conjunction with energy standards. The energy rating is recommended to be carried out with an environmental assessment of the production stage of construction. Ignoring the LCA results could lead to the misinterpretation of a building’s sustainability.
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Kampelis, Nikolaos, Georgios I. Papayiannis, Dionysia Kolokotsa, Georgios N. Galanis, Daniela Isidori, Cristina Cristalli i Athanasios N. Yannacopoulos. "An Integrated Energy Simulation Model for Buildings". Energies 13, nr 5 (4.03.2020): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051170.
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The operation of buildings is linked to approximately 36% of the global energy consumption, 40% of greenhouse gas emissions, and climate change. Assessing the energy consumption and efficiency of buildings is a complex task addressed by a variety of methods. Building energy modeling is among the dominant methodologies in evaluating the energy efficiency of buildings commonly applied for evaluating design and renovation energy efficiency measures. Although building energy modeling is a valuable tool, it is rarely the case that simulation results are assessed against the building’s actual energy performance. In this context, the simulation results of the HVAC energy consumption in the case of a smart industrial near-zero energy building are used to explore areas of uncertainty and deviation of the building energy model against measured data. Initial model results are improved based on a trial and error approach to minimize deviation based on key identified parameters. In addition, a novel approach based on functional shape modeling and Kalman filtering is developed and applied to further minimize systematic discrepancies. Results indicate a significant initial performance gap between the initial model and the actual energy consumption. The efficiency and the effectiveness of the developed integrated model is highlighted.
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Kyritsi, E., M. Philokyprou, A. Kyriakidis, A. Michael i A. Michopoulos. "Energy retrofitting of heritage buildings: an integrated methodology". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1196, nr 1 (1.06.2023): 012108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1196/1/012108.
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Abstract A resilient and sustainable way of life presupposes the reduction of the energy consumption and the relevant greenhouse gas (carbon) emissions. This approach leads to the establishment and implementation of various directives and regulations regarding the refurbishment of the existing building stock. Often, these regulations exclude heritage buildings due to the lack of robust methodologies which will ensure a balance between the energy retrofitting and preservation of the building’s heritage values. Heritage buildings however, host a variety of public uses and their holistic and successful energy upgrade could serve as an excellent example of a heritage building energy refurbishment to the community. Thus, there is an emerging need for developing such methodologies. This paper aims to propose an integrated methodology for the energy retrofitting of heritage buildings, based on a multi-criteria decision-making process for the selection of the appropriate retrofitting solutions considering simultaneously the heritage significance, the heritage and the energy impact.
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Hamburg, Anti, Alo Mikola, Tuule-Mall Parts i Targo Kalamees. "Heat Loss Due to Domestic Hot Water Pipes". Energies 14, nr 20 (9.10.2021): 6446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206446.
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Domestic hot water (DHW) system energy losses are an important part of energy consumption in newly built or in reconstructed apartment buildings. To reach nZEB or low energy building targets (renovation cases) we should take these losses into account during the design phase. These losses depend on room and water temperature, insulation and length of pipes and water circulation strategy. The target of our study is to develop a method which can be used in the early stages of design in primary energy calculations. We are also interested in how much of these losses cannot be utilised as internal heat gain and how much heat loss depends on the level of energy performance of the building. We used detailed DHW system heat loss measurements and simulations from an nZEB apartment building and annual heat loss data from a total of 22 apartment buildings. Our study showed that EN 15316-3 standard equations for pipe length give more than a twice the pipe length in basements. We recommend that for pipe length calculation in basements, a calculation based on the building’s gross area should be used and for pipe length in vertical shafts, a building’s heating area-based calculation should be used. Our study also showed that up to 33% of pipe heat losses can be utilised as internal heat gain in energy renovated apartment buildings but in unheated basements this figure drops to 30% and in shafts rises to 40% for an average loss (thermal pipe insulation thickness 40 mm) of 10.8 W/m and 5.1 W/m. Unutilised delivered energy loss from DHW systems in smaller apartment buildings can be up to 12.1 kWh/(m2·a) and in bigger apartment buildings not less than 5.5 kWh/(m2·a) (40 mm thermal pipe insulation).