Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Building’s Energy

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Building’s Energy”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Building’s Energy"

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Wang, Hong Wei, Ying Liu, Bao Ling Wang i Ling Yan Yu. "Survey and Analysis of Energy System’s Energy Consumption Focused on Typical Industrial Buildings in Shenyang". Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (maj 2012): 2914–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2914.

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Industrial building energy consumption accounts for more than half of building energy consumption. In order to understand the situation of energy consumption of industrial building’s energy system in Shenyang located in China's northeast severe cold region, we investigated the distribution of industrial buildings and energy system’s energy consumption (HVAC, water supply and drainage, electrical system) of typical industrial buildings in Shenyang, it is found that the energy system’s energy consumption of Shenyang is great because of long-term neglecting of industrial building’s energy conservation. We must strengthen the designing of energy conservation, applying of new technology and supervising of industrial building to develop the potential of industrial building’s energy conservation.
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Millán-Martínez, Marlón, Germán Osma-Pinto i Julián Jaramillo-Ibarra. "Estimating a Building’s Energy Performance using a Composite Indicator: A Case Study". TecnoLógicas 25, nr 54 (3.08.2022): e2352. http://dx.doi.org/10.22430/22565337.2352.

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Several studies have analyzed the integration of energy-saving strategies in buildings to mitigate their environmental impact. These studies focused mainly on a disaggregated analysis of such strategies and their effects on the building's energy consumption and thermal behavior, using energy engine simulation software (EnergyPlus, TRNSYS, and DOE2) or graphical interface software (DesignBuilder, eQuest, and ESP-r). However, buildings are complex systems whose energy behavior depends on the interaction of passive (e.g., location and construction materials) and dynamic (e.g., occupation) components. Therefore, this study proposes a composite indicator Building’s Energy Performance (BEP) as an alternative to deal with this complex and multidimensional phenomenon in a simplified way. This indicator considers energy efficiency and thermal comfort. The Electrical Engineering Building (EEB) of the Universidad Industrial de Santander was selected to verify the performance of the BEP indicator. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed for different mathematical aggregation methods and weighting values to test their suitability to reproduce the building behavior. Different simulation scenarios modeled with DesignBuilder software were proposed, in which the energy-saving strategies integrated with the building was individually analyzed. The results confirmed that the integration of the building's energy-saving strategies improved the BEP indicator by approximately 16%. It has also been possible to verify that the BEP indicator adequately reproduces the building’s energy behavior while guaranteeing comfort conditions. Finally, the Building Energy Performance indicator is expected to contribute to the integration of sustainability criteria in the design and remodeling stages of buildings.
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Gu, Jiefan, Peng Xu i Ying Ji. "A Fast Method for Calculating the Impact of Occupancy on Commercial Building Energy Consumption". Buildings 13, nr 2 (19.02.2023): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020567.

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Occupancy, which refers to the occupant count in this paper, is one of the main factors affecting the energy consumption of commercial buildings. It is important for both building managers and energy simulation engineers to understand how an entire building’s energy consumption varies with different occupancy levels in the process of building automation systems or in assessments of building performance with benchmarking lines. Because commercial buildings usually have large scales, complex layouts and a large number of people, it is a challenge to simulate the relationships between an entire building’s energy consumption and occupancy. This study proposes a fast method for calculating the influence of occupancy on the energy consumption of commercial buildings with different building layouts and existing occupancies. Other occupant behaviors, such as the opening of windows and adjustment of shading devices, are comprehensively reflected in two basic building parameters: the balance point temperature and the total heat transmission coefficient of the building. This new method can be easily used to analyze how building energy varies with occupancy without a physical building’s energy model. An office building in Shanghai is taken as a case study to validate the proposed method. The results show that the coefficient of determination R2 between the calculated value and actual value is 0.86, 0.8 and 0.71 for lighting, cooling and heating energy, respectively, which is suitable in engineering applications.
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Fedorczak-Cisak, Małgorzata, Elżbieta Radziszewska-Zielina, Bożena Orlik-Kożdoń, Tomasz Steidl i Tadeusz Tatara. "Analysis of the Thermal Retrofitting Potential of the External Walls of Podhale’s Historical Timber Buildings in the Aspect of the Non-Deterioration of Their Technical Condition". Energies 13, nr 18 (4.09.2020): 4610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184610.

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The paper discusses thermal quality improvement in historic buildings. It is based on a case study of a wooden historical building in an architectural style typical of Zakopane, located in the Podhale region of Poland. The building’s historical value and timber structure prevent the application of typical thermal retrofitting solutions. This paper presents an analysis of the possibilities of the improvement of energy performance of a historic building (villa) which included: a review of the available energy performance improvement solutions applicable to this type of building, with a particular focus on applying internal insulation; a technical condition assessment using non-invasive methods, the identification of problematic areas in terms of the thermal retrofitting of buildings with timber walls and decks; in situ tests: thermovision tests which showed the places with temperature distribution field disturbances in the building’s envelope, focusing on thermal bridges; measurements of actual thermal transmittance coefficients for extant partitions; measurements of the building’s airtightness and the microclimate in selected rooms; numerical analysis: an assessment of the influence of the thermal bridges on the building’s existing condition, an analysis of water content changes in wall systems post-insulation. The presented approach enables the improvement of the energy performance of timber historical buildings while preserving the historical value of its architecture. It is innovative because it tries to fill in a research gap concerning a lack of relevant guidelines in Poland. The research questions that the authors asked were as follows. Is it possible to improve the thermal insulation of a building’s wooden walls without adversely affecting the building’s technical condition? With regard to the necessity to meet nZEB (nearly zero energy building) standards, is it feasible to improve the timber walls of historical buildings? The study found that under the correct assumptions and while maintaining a responsible approach to design, it is possible to improve the energy performance of historical buildings without interfering with historical heritage.
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Rehman, Hassam ur, Jan Diriken, Ala Hasan, Stijn Verbeke i Francesco Reda. "Energy and Emission Implications of Electric Vehicles Integration with Nearly and Net Zero Energy Buildings". Energies 14, nr 21 (25.10.2021): 6990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14216990.

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Buildings and the mobility sectors are the two sectors that currently utilize large amount of fossil-based energy. The aim of the paper is to, critically analyse the integration of electric vehicles (EV) energy load with the building’s energy load. The qualitative and quantitative methods are used to analyse the nearly/net zero energy buildings and the mobility plans of the Europe along with the challenges of the plans. It is proposed to either include or exclude the EV load within the building’s energy load and follow the emissions calculation path, rather than energy calculation path for buildings to identify the benefits. Two real case studies in a central European climate are used to analysis the energy performance of the building with and without EV load integration and the emissions produced due to their interaction. It is shown that by replacing fossil-fuel cars with EVs within the building boundary, overall emissions can be reduced by 11–35% depending on the case study. However, the energy demand increased by 27–95% when the EV load was added with the building load. Hence, the goal to reach the nearly/net zero energy building target becomes more challenging. Therefore, the emission path can present the benefits of EV and building load integration.
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Kovács, Tünde, Zoltán Nyikes i Lucia Figuli. "Application of High Energy Absorbing Materials for Blast Protection". Acta Materialia Transilvanica 1, nr 2 (1.10.2018): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amt-2018-0034.

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Abstract In the current century, building protection is very important in the face of terrorist attacks. The old buildings in Europe are not sufficiently resilient to the loads produced by blasts. We still do not fully understand the effects of different explosives on buildings and human bodies. [1–3] Computing blast loads are different from that of traditional loads and the material selection rules for this type of impact load are diverse. Historical and old buildings cannot be protected simply by new walls and fences. New ways need to be found to improve a building’s resistance to the effects of a blast. It requires sufficiently thin yet strong retrofitted materials in order to reinforce a building’s walls [4–6].
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Yin, Hang. "Building Management System to support building renovation". Boolean: Snapshots of Doctoral Research at University College Cork, nr 2010 (1.01.2010): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2010.37.

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Many publications have concluded that around 40% of the world’s energy costs are incurred in buildings. The biggest energy users in a building are facilities which cover 40% to 60% of the total energy cost. In recent years, construction work undertaken in building renovation and rehabilitation has increased considerably. Technical renovations have always brought better building management. Modern technology has a more user friendly interface as well as giving us the successful management of building systems and associated reduced costs. In order to implement more energy efficiency in existing buildings, Building Management System (BMS) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) play important roles in the energy & cost savings of the building’s life. This paper emphasises the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to support and justify essential building renovation that will improve a building’s performance and decrease annual energy costs. We will present an introduction to BMS and BIM ...
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Cha, Gi Wook, Won Hwa Hong i Jin Ho Kim. "A Study on CO2 Emissions in End-of-Life Phase of Residential Buildings in Korea: Demolition, Transportation and Disposal of Building Materials". Key Engineering Materials 730 (luty 2017): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.730.457.

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Architecture and building industry have been made diversified efforts to create a construction environment that promotes resource recycling. Many studies have been done to better understand and reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions throughout a building’s lifecycle. However, to promote sustainable development and a construction environment that facilitates resource recycling, more understanding and research is needed on energy consumption and CO2 emissions during the stage of dismantling a building. Noting that, this research investigates CO2 emissions in a building’s End-Of-Life (EOL) phase that includes dismantling of a building, transport and disposal of the waste generated in the course of dismantling residential buildings in Korea. According to the results of this study, CO2 emissions in a building’s EOL phase was 3,561kg CO2/100m2 for apartments, 3,184 kgCO2/100m2 for brick houses and 1,137 kg CO2/100m2 for wooden houses. The results showed that transport and disposal process of demolition waste accounts for 90% of all CO2 emissions in a building’s EOL phase. From this finding, it is necessary to have a proper, effective strategy for transport and disposal of demolition waste from dismantled buildings’ in order to reduce CO2 emissions during a building’s EOL phase.
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Joseph, Benedicto, Tatiana Pogrebnaya i Baraka Kichonge. "Semitransparent Building-Integrated Photovoltaic: Review on Energy Performance, Challenges, and Future Potential". International Journal of Photoenergy 2019 (20.10.2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5214150.

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Buildings consume large amounts of energy, and their transformation from energy users to producers has attracted increasing interest in the quest to help optimize the energy share, increasing energy efficiency and environmental protection. The use of energy-efficient materials is among the proposed approaches to increase the building’s energy balance, thus increasing the performance of building facades. Semitransparent building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV), being one of the technologies with the potential to increase a building’s energy efficiency, is considered as a feasible method for renewable power generation to help buildings meet their own load, thus serving dual purposes. Semitransparent BIPV integration into buildings not only displaces conventional building facade materials but also simultaneously generates energy while retaining traditional functional roles. The awareness in improving building energy efficiency has increased as well as the awareness in promoting the use of clean or renewable energy technologies. In this study, semitransparent BIPV technology is reviewed in terms of energy generation, challenges, and ways to address limitations which can be used as a reference for the BIPV stakeholders.
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Rahman, Md Samin, i Md Humayun Kabir. "Social Internet of Things (SIoT) Enabled System Model for Smart Integration of Building‟s Energy, Water and Safety Management: Dhaka City, Bangladesh Perspective". AIUB Journal of Science and Engineering (AJSE) 18, nr 1 (31.05.2019): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53799/ajse.v18i1.18.

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Dhaka, being the largest township of Bangladesh City Buildings is excreted by in-migration, a rapid growth of population, withering of living and infrastructure standard, which eventually is threatening overall sustainability and well beings. Modernization and digitalization of building infrastructure is not only an important step towards resolving the problems but also it will be a facilitator for smart, efficient and optimized urbanization. On May 2018, the authors conducted a survey among 51 Residential Building’s owner/building managers, 25 Non-residential Building’s owner/building managers and 25 corporate building’s owner/building managers to find market adoptable IoT solutions for building’s smart efficient energy, water and safety managements. The features requested in this survey are optimized and implemented by the authors and finally, here the system model with simulation results is presented. This system shows promising energy, water resource management optimization and some intriguing factors that validate its objectives, social characteristics, market usability.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Building’s Energy"

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Engman, Reed Martina. "Plan for evaluation of Austin Energy Green Building’s Multifamily Rating Program". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-95143.

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Austin Energy Green Building (AEGB) started their multifamily rating program in 1999. It is a green building program where participants can receive different ratings, 1-5 stars, depending on how many requirements the building fulfills. AEGB wants to evaluate the projected energy and demand savings from the multifamily program to be able to report to Austin Energy at the end of the fiscal year. Buildings going through the multifamily rating program can either use a prescriptive approach or a performance approach. For the prescriptive approach the savings are evaluated with the help of a deemed savings value. For the performance approach the participant needs to turn in an energy model of the proposed buildings with modeled projected energy and demand savings. The purpose of this degree project was to develop a plan for evaluation of the projected savings from the multifamily rating program.  AEGB will need to be able to compare the projected energy and demand savings with the actual energy and demand savings from the buildings that have gone through the program. Focus has been on finding a suitable evaluation approach, based on the available data. Criteria for inclusion were determined. Evaluation of all buildings is not be possible and therefore a sample size needed to be determined for the population. The projected energy savings data was analyzed. A way to account for apartments without full year use data was studied as well as common criteria for uncertainty analysis. It was suggested that one year of full energy use data was enough as criterion for buildings to be a part of the population to be evaluated, which gave a population size of 29 buildings.  of the buildings received a 1-3 star rating and they account for about  or  of the projected energy savings. If a simple random sample is used with a confidence level of  and  relative precision the sample will be 21 buildings. If the relative precision is changed to  the sample will contain 11 buildings. Another option is to use stratified random sample, and sample sizes were calculated by star rating and size of the buildings. A number of different ways of accounting for vacant units were found however the latest vacancy rate for multifamily buildings in Austin was . This corresponds to about  in lost projected energy savings for the buildings that have gone through AEGB’s multifamily program. Lastly, post occupancy evaluation (POE) will be recommended for this evaluation effort of AEGB’s multifamily program.
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Carlander, Jakob. "On the Effect of Occupant Behavior and Internal Heat Gains on the Building’s Energy Demand : A case study of an office building and a retirement home". Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-35507.

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About 12% of the greenhouse gas emissions and 40% of the total energy use in the EU derive from the buildings. User behavior, construction, and HVAC systems has a significant impact on a building’s energy use. If a building is to be energy-efficient it is important to understand how all these parameters are connected. This study is motivated by the need to decrease the energy use in buildings to reach the goals of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions.  In this thesis, measurements of indoor climate and electricity use, together with time diaries was used to create input data for an energy simulation model of a retirement home. A parametric study was conducted to simulate how energy demand was affected by changes in five different parameters in an office building. Also, two different energy-efficiency indicators were used to see how indicators can affect the perceived energy-efficiency of buildings. High amount of airing and low electricity use had the most impact on the heating demand in the retirement home, and electricity use had the highest impact on the total energy demand in the office building. The model of the retirement home using data gathered on-site had 24% higher energy use than the model using standard user input data. In the office building, total energy demand for heating and cooling could be lowered with 12-31% by lowering the electricity use with 30% compared to standard user input data. For office buildings the most important thing to lower total energy demand seems to be lowering the electricity use. Using today’s standard user input data does not correspond well to using on-site gathered data in a retirement home and it is therefore important to develop the standard user input data further. The indicator kWh/m2, seems to promote buildings with low occupancy. This could lead to buildings being utilized in an in-efficient way. The indicator kWh/m2 should either be replaced or combined with an indicator that takes occupancy into consideration.
Runt 12% av utsläppen av växthusgaser och 40% av den totala energianvändningen i EU kommer från byggnader. Brukarbeteende, konstruktion och HVAC-system har signifikant påverkan på en byggnads energianvändning. Om en byggnad ska bli så energieffektiv som möjligt är det viktigt att förstå hur dessa parametrar hör ihop. Denna studie motiveras av behovet att minska energianvändning i byggnader för att nå målen för energianvändning och utsläpp av växthusgaser.  I denna avhandling användes mätningar av inomhusklimat och elanvändning, tillsammans med tidsdagböcker, för att skapa indata till en energisimuleringsmodell av ett ålderdomshem. En parameterstudie genomfördes för att simulera hur energibehovet påverkades av ändringar i fem olika parametrar i en kontorsbyggnad. Två olika indikatorer för energieffektivitet användes också, för att se hur olika indikatorer påverkar hur en byggnads energieffektivitet uppfattas. Hög grad av vädring och låg elanvändning hade störst påverkan av energibehovet i ålderdomshemmet, och i kontorsbyggnaden påverkades det totala energibehovet mest av elanvändningen. Modellen av ålderdomshemmet där data insamlad på plats användes hade 24% högre värmebehov än modellen som använde standardiserade brukarindata. Det totala energibehovet för värme och kyla i kontorsbyggnaden kunde sänkas med 12-31% genom att sänka elanvändningen med 30% jämfört med standardiserad brukarindata. Det viktigaste för att få ner det totala energibehovet i kontorsbyggnader verkar vara att sänka elanvändningen. Att använda dagens standardvärden för brukarindata överensstämmer inte väl med att använda data insamlad på plats för ett ålderdomshem. Det är därför viktigt att vidareutveckla standardiserad brukarindata. Indikatorn kWh/m2 verkar främja byggnader med låg beläggning. Detta skulle kunna leda till att byggnader utnyttjas på ett ineffektivt sätt. Indikatorn kWh/m2 skulle därför behöva ersättas eller kombineras med en indikator som även tar byggnadens beläggning i beaktande.
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Arnaiz, Remiro Lierni. "Modelling and assessment of energy performance with IDA ICE for a 1960's Mid-Sweden multi-family apartment block house". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24530.

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The present thesis has been carried out during the spring of 2017 on behalf of Gavlegårdarna AB. This is a public housing company in Gävle (Sweden) which is a large energy consumer, over 200 million SEK per year, and has the ambitious goal of reduce its energy consumption by 20 % between 2009 and 2020. Many multi-family apartment blocks were built during the "million programme" in the 60’s and 70’s when thermal comfort was the priority and not the energy saving. Nevertheless, this perspective has changed and old buildings from that time have been retrofitted lately, but there are many left still. In fact, one of these buildings will be retrofitted in the near future so a valid model is needed to study the energy saving measures to be taken. The aim of this thesis is to get through a calibration process to obtain a reliable and valid model in the building simulation program IDA ICE 4.7.1. Once this has been achieved it will be possible to carry out the building’s energy performance assessment. IDA ICE has shown some limitations in terms of thermal bridges which has accounted for almost 15 % of total transmission heat losses. For this reason, it is important to make a detailed evaluation of certain joints between elements for which heat losses are abundant. COMSOL Multiphysics® finite element software has been used to calculate these transmittances and then use them as input to IDA ICE to carry out the simulation. Through an evidence-based methodology, although with some sources of uncertainty, such as, occupants’ behaviour and air infiltration, a valid model has been obtained getting almost the same energy use for space heating than actual consumption with an error of 4% (Once the standard value of 4 kWh/m2 for the estimation of energy use in apartments' airing has been added). The following two values have been introduced to IDA ICE: household electricity and the energy required for heating the measured volume of tap water from 5 °C to 55 °C. Assuming a 16 % of heat losses in the domestic hot water circuit, which means that part of the heat coming from hot water heats up the building. This results in a lower energy supply for heating than the demanded value from IDA ICE. Main heat losses have been through transmission and infiltration or openings. Windows account 11.4 % of the building's envelope, thus the losses through the windows has supposed more than 50 % of the total transmission losses. Regarding thermal comfort, the simulation shows an average Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) of 12 % in the worst apartment. However, the actual value could be considerably lower since the act of airing the apartments has not been taken into account in the simulation as well as the strong sun's irradiation in summer which can be avoided by windows shading. So, it could be considered an acceptable level of discomfort. To meet the National Board of Housing Building and Planning, (Boverket) requirements for new or rehabilitated buildings, several measures should be taken to improve the average thermal transmittance and reduce the specific energy use. Among the energy saving measures it might be interesting replace the windows to 3 pane glazing, improve the ventilation system to heat recovery unit, seal the joints and intersections where thermal bridges might be or add more insulation in the building’s envelope.
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Aquino, Eddie Villanueva. "PREDICTING BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE: LEVERAGING BIM CONTENT FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1077.

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Reducing and managing the environmental impacts of building structures has become a priority of building stakeholders and within the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) community; although, conflicting approaches and methods to combat the issues are present. For example, green building standards are widespread throughout the world; however each one has its own characteristics and consequently its own specific requirements. While all have proven to be effective rating systems and have similar requirements, the distinguishing characteristic that separates them is their treatment of performance and prescriptive metrics. The feature they all severely lack or currently limit is the inclusion of strict engineering evaluation through energy simulations; hence, the reason why they fail to offer procedural steps to meet performance metrics. How can design professionals design energy efficient buildings with such constraints? Fortunately, advances in technology have allowed design professionals access to content found in Building Information Modeling (BIM). However, extracting pertinent information for specific use in energy analysis is problematic because BIM software currently available is filled with interoperability issues when placed in external software for energy analysis and energy analysis software itself is created with many assumptions that affect the tabulated energy results. This research investigates current building rating systems, determines how current professionals meet energy requirements, and prove that it is possible to create an add-on feature to Autodesk Revit that will allow design professionals to extract the needed information to meet energy goals with actual prescribed methods of mechanical systems selection and evaluation.
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MELO, LUCIANA MONTICELLI DE. "BUILDINGS ENERGY EFFICIENCY–BUILDING OPTIMIZATION USING GENETIC ALGORITHMS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=31949@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
O crescente consumo de energia é preocupante, principalmente pelo uso de sistemas de condicionamento de ar e de iluminação artificial. Nas edificações modernas, os projetos arquitetônicos vêm negligenciando os fatores que proporcionam o conforto ambiental. Baseando-se nos conceitos da arquitetura sustentável, esta dissertação propõe e modela um sistema que otimiza os parâmetros da edificação que influenciarão no consumo de energia elétrica, nos custos com a construção e na emissão de poluentes pela edificação. Propõe-se um modelo de algoritmos genéticos que, juntamente com um programa de simulação de energia, EnergyPlus, constitui o modelo evolucionário desenvolvido neste trabalho. Este modelo otimiza parâmetros como: dimensionamento de aberturas e de pédireito; orientação da edificação; condicionamento do ar; disposição de árvores no entorno da edificação; etc . O modelo evolucionário tem sua ação e eficácia testados em estudo de casos - edificações desenhadas por projetista -, em que se alteram: espessura das paredes, altura de pé direito, largura de janelas, orientação quanto ao Norte geográfico, localização de elementos sombreantes (árvores), uso ou não de bloqueadores solares. Estes fatores influenciarão no conforto térmico da edificação e, consequentemente, no consumo elétrico dos sistemas de condicionamento de ar e de iluminação artificial, que por sua vez, influenciam os parâmetros que se pretende otimizar. Os resultados obtidos mostram que as otimizações feitas pelo modelo evolucionário foram efetivas, minimizando o consumo de energia pelos sistemas de condicionamento de ar e de iluminação artificial em comparação com os resultados obtidos com as edificações originais fornecidas pelo projetista.
The continuous rising on energy consumption is a concerning issue, especially regarding the use of air conditioning systems and artificial lighting. In modern buildings, architectural designs are neglecting the factors that provide environmental comfort in a natural way. Based on concepts of sustainable architecture, this work proposes and models a system that optimizes the parameters of a building that influence the consumption of electricity, the costs with the building itself, and the emission of pollutants by these buildings. For this purpose a genetic algorithm model is proposed, which works together with an energy simulation program called EnergyPlus, both comprising the evolutionary model developed in this work. This model is able to optimize parameters like: dimensions of windows and ceiling height; orientation of a building; air conditioning; location of trees around a building; etc. The evolutionary model has its efficiency tested in case studies - buildings originally designed by a designer -, and the following specifications provided by the designer have been changed by the evolutionary model: wall thickness, ceiling height, windows width, building orientation, location of elements that perform shading function (trees), the use (or not) of sun blockers. These factors influence the building s heat comfort and therefore the energy consumption of air conditioning systems and artificial lighting which, in turn, influence the parameters that are meant to be optimized. The results show that the optimizations made by the evolutionary model were effective, minimizing the energy consumption for air conditioning systems and artificial light in comparison with the results obtained with the original buildings provided by the designer.
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Wong, Chun-hung Samuel. "Opportunities for building energy conservation in Hong Kong (residential buildings) /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1873439X.

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GOIA, FRANCESCO. "Dynamic Building Envelope Components and nearly Zero Energy Buildings". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2534506.

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Due to the significant impact of the building sector on greenhouse gas emissions, newer and stricter regulations aimed at reducing total energy use in buildings have appeared in the last few years. In the European context, all the new constructions will thus soon be asked to be nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB). In order to reach this target, new concepts and technologies capable of further improving buildings’ energy efficiency need to be developed. A very promising strategy to overcome current technologylimitations is represented by revisiting the conventional approach that considers the building as a staticobject and moves towards the vision where the building is a responsive and dynamic system. The main feature of this concept is the possibility of continuously changingthe interaction between the building elementsand the outdoor/indoor environment in order to reduce the energy demands and enhance the exploitation of “environmental” and low-exergy energies. In this framework, the building skin isprobably that element of the construction which shows the largest potential, especially if its properties can be continuously tuned so that the best response to different dynamic indoor and outdoor boundary conditions can be achieved. Although it is not possible to state that the dynamic building envelope alone could represent the only solution to achieving the nZEB target, great expectations are placed on advanced integrated façade systems. The aim of this research is therefore to evaluate to what extent dynamic and active building skins can reduce operational energy demand in buildings. In order to find an answer to such a wide (and general) question, the research activity is organized using a multi-level structure. Each segment of the investigation is thus dedicated to assessing the impact of such a vision on different scales: from a whole building skin approach (concept level) to an intermediate scale (system level) and further down to a very detailed and specific class of components (material-technology level). In the concept level, an ideal dynamic building skin is assumed and modelled. The performance of such a theoretical configuration is then numerically assessed and compared with that of a more conventional reference envelope solution. In the system level, an integrated multifunctional façade module, characterized by a high degree of adaptability and responsiveness, is presented, and its energy and thermo-physical behaviour evaluated by means of an experimental analysis. Finally, in the material-technology level, the implication of glazing systems integrating phase change materials on the energy performance and on thermal comfort are evaluated by means of experimental, numerical and laboratory analyses. The findings demonstrate that improvements in energy efficiency and comfort performance can be achieved when dynamic concepts, systems and technologies are applied. In every level, the dynamic component often provides a very good performance and, when compared to a conventional solution, advantages are shown.However, it is important that dynamic components are coherently employed in the framework of an integrated building design vision and properly managed. Further, the simple adoption of such systems without a global approach and optimal control strategies is often not enough to reach a significant improvement in energy efficiency and IEQ. The results also show that, sometimes, the advantages achieved by the investigated configurations may be lower than expected, though an optimization of their performance is probably still possible. Limitations in the analyses and possible solutions for future development of the research activity are also discussed, pointing out that, if from the one hand, considerable efforts are still needed in research and development before a completely adaptable building skin can be effectively employed on a large scale, on the other hand the large potentials that this vision has are worthy of further investigation.
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Sjögren, Jan-Ulric. "Energy performance of multifamily buildings : building characteristic and user influence". Licentiate thesis, Umeå University, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-35598.

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Today many professional property holders use different types of software for monthly energy analyses. The data is however often limited to energy and water use, that is paid for by the property holder. In year 2001, financed by the Swedish Energy Agency, the first steps were taken to create a national web based data base, eNyckeln. A property holder may then enter consumption data together with about 50 other building specific parameters to this data base in order to enable benchmarking and energy performance evaluations. Due to EU-regulations and the increasing awareness of energy and environmental issues there is a large interest in evaluating the energy performance and also to identify effective energy retrofits. The used energy performance indicator is still only the annual energy use for heating per square meter of area to let, kWh/m2,year, despite the fact that monthly data often are available. The main problem with this indicator, which is the stipulated measure, is that it reflects a lot of user influence and that only a part of the total energy use is considered. The main focus of this thesis is to explore the possibilities, based on the national data base, to extract additional energy information about multi family buildings (MFB) using monthly data in combination with different assumed consumption pattern but also to identify potential for energy savings. For the latter a multivariate method was used to identify relations between the energy use and building specific parameters. The analysis gave clear indications that the available area, the area to let, is not appropriate for normalization purposes since the remaining heated area can be significant. Due to this fact, the analysis was mainly limited to qualitative conclusions. As measure of the buildings energy characteristic, the total heat loss coefficient, Ktot,(W/ºK) is determined and the robustness for the estimate of Ktot to different assumptions of user behaviour is investigated. The result shows that the value of Ktot is fairly insensitive to different indoor temperature, use of domestic hot water and household electricity. With the addition of m2 it can of course be used for benchmarking. Using the mentioned measure of the buildings energy characteristic for validating the energy performance has a clear advantage compared to the traditional kWh/m2, since the user behaviour is of minor importance. As a result of this an improved analysis of the energy performance will be obtained. A guarantee for new buildings energy performance based on this method is therefore a challenge for the building sector to develop.

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Wong, Chun-hung Samuel, i 黃俊雄. "Opportunities for building energy conservation in Hong Kong (residential buildings)". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253891.

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Smith, Jonathan Y. (Jonathan York) 1979. "Building energy calculator : a design tool for energy analysis of residential buildings in Developing countries". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/27128.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2004.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-100).
Buildings are one of the world's largest consumers of energy, yet measures to reduce energy consumption are often ignored during the building design process. In developing countries, enormous numbers of new residential buildings are being constructed each year, and many of these buildings perform very poorly in terms of energy efficiency. One of the major barriers to better building designs is the lack of tools to aid architects during the preliminary design stages. In order to address the need for feedback about building energy use early in the design process, a model was developed and implemented as a software design tool using the C++ programming language. The new program requires a limited amount of input from the user and runs simulations to predict heating and cooling loads for residential buildings. The user interface was created with the architect in mind, and it results in direct graphical comparisons of the energy requirements for different building designs. The simulations run hour by hour for the entire year using measured weather data. They typically complete in less than two seconds, allowing for very fast comparisons of different scenarios. A set of simulations was run to perform a comparison between the new program and an existing tool called Energy-10. Overall, the loads predicted by the two programs were in good agreement.
by Jonathan Y. Smith.
S.M.
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Książki na temat "Building’s Energy"

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Bohne, Dirk. Building Services and Energy Efficient Buildings. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41273-9.

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Tymkow, Paul, Savvas Tassou, Maria Kolokotroni i Hussam Jouhara. Building Services Design for Energy-Efficient Buildings. Second edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351261166.

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Ouden, C. Building 2000: Volume 2 Office Buildings, Public Buildings, Hotels and Holiday Complexes. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air and Radiation. Global Change Division., red. Energy Star Buildings Manual: Energy Star Buildings Program. Washington, DC (401 M St., SW, Washington 20460): U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Global Change Division, 1995.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air and Radiation. Global Change Division., red. Energy Star Buildings Manual: Energy Star Buildings Program. Washington, DC (401 M St., SW, Washington 20460): U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Global Change Division, 1995.

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Loper, Joe. Building on success: Policies to reduce energy waste in buildings. Washington, DC: Alliance to Save Energy, 2005.

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Achim, Grube Hans, i Gleiniger Andrea, red. Bauten für die Energie =: Energy buildings : Bewag/Vattenfall. Sulgen: Niggli, 2007.

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Commission, California Energy, red. 2005 Building energy efficiency standards for residential and nonresidential buildings. Sacramento, Calif: California Energy Commission, 2004.

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Lavikka, Rita, Hassam Ur Rehman, Francesco Reda i Abdul Samad Kazi, red. Positive Energy Buildings. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87702-6.

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Laurenzi, Margarethe P. Building energy efficiency: Why green buildings are key to Asia's future. Redaktor Asia Business Council. [Hong Kong: Asia Business Council], 2007.

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Części książek na temat "Building’s Energy"

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Antón, D., Amin Al-Habaibeh i T. Queiroz. "Learning from the Past for a Sustainable Future: Environmental Monitoring and 3D Modelling to Assess the Thermal Performance of Heritage Buildings". W Springer Proceedings in Energy, 31–40. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30960-1_4.

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AbstractThere are numerous lessons to be learned from historic buildings, such as the rich diversity of their traditional architecture, the use of natural and local materials, their durability and resilience, or because they allow for thermal comfort in severe climatic and weather conditions. Today, many of these heritage buildings are still standing and in use, but their shape may have changed significantly from when they were built. In this sense, to accurately analyse historic buildings, 3D models that approximate their geometry (as-is/as-built models) must be produced. Based on terrestrial laser scanning 3D point clouds, as-is 3D modelling can represent the geometrical alterations of the assets to enable diverse analyses and simulations. This work addresses Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem building, claimed to be the oldest inn in England, UK (1189 AD). Hence, this historic building presents numerous deformations such as warped and tilted walls, recess in walls, non-planar ceilings, and an irregular arrangement of bent ceiling beams. This Grade II listed building is located near Nottingham Castle, beneath Castle Rock, the natural promontory on which the castle is situated. A part of the inn is inside rock-hewn caves under Castle Rock, making it a unique landmark with special indoor thermal conditions. Due to the complex geometry of the building, laser scanning-based 3D modelling is found essential to communicate the building’s features to help understand its thermal behaviour. This paper aims to investigate how Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem building is capable of regulating indoor temperature and humidity in different locations, for which the as-is 3D modelling and environmental monitoring of this historic building are discussed. Based on the findings, the lessons learnt from studying old buildings could be utilised to enhance the sustainability of modern buildings.
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Standal, Karina, Harold L. Wilhite i Solvår Wågø. "Household Energy Practices in Low-Energy Buildings: A Qualitative Study of Klosterenga Ecological Housing Cooperative". W Consumption, Sustainability and Everyday Life, 57–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11069-6_3.

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AbstractThis chapter examines household energy practices in the ecological housing cooperative Klosterenga in Oslo, Norway. Klosterenga, built in 2000, was one of the early implementers of smart building principles in Oslo, Norway. Although the ecological profile of Klosterenga inspired some of the residents to change behavioural habits such as limiting their car use or consumption patterns, the findings of this article show that expectations of smart technology as a primary solution towards energy efficiency and residents being rational consumers using this technology to save costs do not hold. The residents of Klosterenga rarely emphasised the building’s ecological profile and smart energy systems when purchasing their home, and the energy-efficient systems and integration of heating costs in the rent had adverse effects on residents’ energy consumption. Rather than taking the visions of ecology at heart, many residents legitimised everyday habits of high indoor temperature in the fact that the system was efficient. The findings contribute to the growing body of research that critically examines how smart technology visions for reducing energy use in buildings are implemented and practiced by the residents living in them.
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Mounter, William, Huda Dawood i Nashwan Dawood. "The Impact of Data Segmentation in Predicting Monthly Building Energy Use with Support Vector Regression". W Springer Proceedings in Energy, 69–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63916-7_9.

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AbstractAdvances in metering technologies and machine learning methods provide both opportunities and challenges for predicting building energy usage in the both the short and long term. However, there are minimal studies on comparing machine learning techniques in predicting building energy usage on their rolling horizon, compared with comparisons based upon a singular forecast range. With the majority of forecasts ranges being within the range of one week, due to the significant increases in error beyond short term building energy prediction. The aim of this paper is to investigate how the accuracy of building energy predictions can be improved for long term predictions, in part of a larger study into which machine learning techniques predict more accuracy within different forecast ranges. In this case study the ‘Clarendon building’ of Teesside University was selected for use in using it’s BMS data (Building Management System) to predict the building’s overall energy usage with Support Vector Regression. Examining how altering what data is used to train the models, impacts their overall accuracy. Such as by segmenting the model by building modes (Active and dormant), or by days of the week (Weekdays and weekends). Of which it was observed that modelling building weekday and weekend energy usage, lead to a reduction of 11% MAPE on average compared with unsegmented predictions.
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Miletić, Nikola, Bojana Zeković, Nataša Ćuković Ignjatović i Dušan Ignjatović. "Challenges and Potentials of Green Roof Retrofit: A Case Study". W The Urban Book Series, 843–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_75.

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AbstractGreen roofs are becoming common practice in building new public buildings and are considered the roofs for the future since they address the issue of energy and environment simultaneously, providing social, environmental and economic benefits. Despite these benefits, retrofitting an existing building with a green roof is not widely practiced. Undergoing such a project is no small task since it requires a thorough investigation of existing building's constraints, functional, material, and technological to even begin considering design options. Therefore, this process requires specific, case-sensitive approach, especially with the aim of improving the building’s energy performance. This paper presents a methodological approach and design proposals of a green roof retrofit project, through a case study of Belgrade’s “City Housing” building. This retrofit project presents an interesting research topic since it incorporates three distinct roofs, of all of different types, different ways of accessibility and levels of privacy, varying top-to-bottom from a simple extensive roof through a semi-public semi/intensive roof garden to a ground-level public park with trees and intensive vegetation. Also, since this building provides socially significant services, it is frequently visited by general public which presents a potential for introducing educational and demonstration elements in the retrofit project, not only the functional and technological ones. That way, this project can be a showcase example, promoting greening the roofs of Belgrade’s existing public buildings as a way of improving their energy performance.
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Kurnitski, Jarek. "Nearly Zero-Energy Building’s (nZEB) Definitions and Assessment Boundaries". W Cost Optimal and Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings (nZEB), 7–30. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5610-9_2.

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Hossain, Md Faruque. "Transformation of Building’s Biowaste into Electricity Energy to Mitigate the Global Energy Vulnerability". W Sustainable Design for Global Equilibrium, 57–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94818-4_4.

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Mansourimajoumerd, Parinaz, Hassan Bazazzadeh, Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad i Sepideh Nik Nia. "Energy Efficiency and Building’s Envelope: An Integrated Approach to High-Performance Architecture". W Urban and Transit Planning, 25–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20995-6_3.

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Piraiarasi, C., Saravana Kannan Thangavelu i Mhd Faizal Bin Mansur. "Optimization of Building’s Wall Using Phase Change Material (PCM) Toward Energy Performance Improvement". W Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 207–21. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9585-1_13.

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Nasif, Mohammad Shakir. "Air-to-Air Fixed Plate Energy Recovery Heat Exchangers for Building’s HVAC Systems". W Sustainable Thermal Power Resources Through Future Engineering, 63–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2968-5_5.

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Antonini, Ernesto. "Building’s Operational Versus Embodied Energy: Needs and Barriers for a More Reliable Environmental Impact Balance". W PoliTO Springer Series, 275–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59328-5_14.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Building’s Energy"

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Sankey, Maxim L., Sheldon M. Jeter, Trevor D. Wolf, Donald P. Alexander, Gregory M. Spiro i Ben Mason. "Continuous Monitoring, Modeling, and Evaluation of Actual Building Energy Systems". W ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6610.

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Residential and commercial buildings account for more than 40% of U.S. energy consumption, most of which is related to heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC). Consequently, energy conservation is important to building owners and to the economy generally. In this paper we describe a process under development to continuously evaluate a building’s heating and cooling energy performance in near real-time with a procedure we call Continuous Monitoring, Modeling, and Evaluation (CMME). The concept of CMME is to model the expected operation of a building energy system with actual weather and internal load data and then compare modeled energy consumption with actual energy consumption. For this paper we modeled two buildings on the Georgia Institute of Technology campus. After creating our building models, internal lighting loads and equipment plug-loads were collected through electrical sub-metering, while the building occupancy load was recorded using doorway mounted people counters. We also collected on site weather and solar radiation data. All internal loads were input into the models and simulated with the actual weather data. We evaluated the building’s overall performance by comparing the modeled heating and cooling energy consumption with the building’s actual heating and cooling energy consumption. Our results demonstrated generally acceptable energy performance for both buildings; nevertheless, certain specific energy inefficiencies were discovered and corrective actions are being taken. This experience shows that CMME is a practical procedure for improving the performance of actual well performing buildings. With improved techniques, we believe the CMME procedure could be fully automated and notify building owners in real-time of sub-optimal building performance.
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Henze, Gregor P., Thoi H. Le i Anthony R. Florita. "Sensitivity Analysis of Optimal Building Thermal Mass Control". W ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76201.

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In order to avoid high utility demand charges from cooling during the summer and to level a building’s electrical demand-profile, precooling of the building’s massive structure can be applied to shift cooling-related thermal loads in response to utility pricing signals. Several previous simulation and experimental studies have shown that proper precooling can attain considerable reduction of operating cost in buildings. This paper systematically evaluates the merits of the passive building thermal capacitance to minimize energy cost using optimal control. The evaluation is conducted by means of a sensitivity analysis utilizing a dynamic building energy simulation program coupled to a popular technical computing environment. The optimal controller predicts the required extent of precooling (zone temperature setpoint depression) depending on utility rate structure, occupancy and on-peak period duration and onset, internal gains, building mass, occupancy period temperature setpoint range, and weather as characterized by diurnal temperature and relative humidity swings. In addition to quantifying the building response, energy consumption, and utility cost, this paper extracts the dominant features of the optimal precooling strategies for each of the investigated cases so that guidelines for near-optimal building thermal mass savings can be developed in the future. These will offer guidance to HVAC system operators and practitioners on how to adapt existing or design new building thermal mass control strategies in order to save operating cost or energy.
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Taneja, Om. "Analytical, Performance and Prescriptive Measures for Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainability or Energy Efficiency Projects". W ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40420.

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Sustainability goals for buildings are highly acclaimed as public and private sector’s contributions to environmental responsibility, resource efficiency, occupant comfort and well-being. All too often a building’s performance does not meet design expectations, particularly a new building’s energy savings projection that overstates achievable performance. Across the high-performing building industry, these unrealistic energy performance goals have come from, among other things, inadequate modeling and benchmarking practices, unreliable monitoring and equipment controls systems, and significant changes in space usage and tenant improvements. There is still lack of commitment to include operations staff in goal setting and provide adequate budgets for periodic benchmarking, commissioning, and tuning of buildings’ mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems. This paper provides the analytical, performance & prescriptive measures for life cycle assessment of energy efficiency projects which can help in making adaptive changes to buildings systems to suit changing uses, or other internal and external factors that directly or indirectly affect performance.
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Lapinskienė, Vilūnė, Violeta Motuzienė, Rasa Džiugaitė-Tumėnienė i Rūta Mikučionienė. "Impact of Internal Heat Gains on Building’s Energy Performance". W Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.265.

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Internal heat gains from occupants, equipment and lighting contribute a significant proportion of the heat gains in an office space. Usage of ICT in offices is growing; on the other hand, their efficiency is also improving all the time. Increasing energy efficiency in buildings have led to the situation, when new, well insulated office buildings, with high internal gains within the working hours may cover low heating energy demand. Such buildings, even in heating dominated countries, such as Lithuania, often also suffer from overheating during the winter heating season. The paper presents the analysis of energy demand of the office building for various plug loads (ICT equipment) internal gains scenarios and demonstrates its influence on buildings energy performance. Simulation results enable to conclude, that when assessing sustainability and energy bills of the building, plug loads play a very important role. Meanwhile, assessing just energy performance influence is very small. Energy performance certification results show, that plug loads may influence energy performance label just for buildings corresponding A+ and A++ labels).
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Mosey, Grant, i Brian Deal. "The Building Genome Project: Indentify faults in building energy performance". W AIA/ACSA Intersections Conference. ACSA Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.17.2.

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This paper explores the use of new tools for the creation of novel methods of identifying faults in building energy performance remotely. With the rise in availability of interval utility data and the proliferation of machine learning processes, new methods are arising which promise to bridge the gap between architects, engineers, auditors, operators, and utility personnel. Utility use information, viewed with sufficient granularity, can offer a sort of “genome, ”that is a set of “genes” which are unique to a given building and can be decoded to provide information about the building’s performance. The applications of algorithms to a large data set of these “genomes” can identify patterns across many buildings, providing the opportunity for identifying mechanical faults in a much larger sample of buildings that could previously be evaluated using traditional methods.
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Calderone, Anthony Domenic, Mir-Akbar Hessami i Stefan Brey. "Use of Solar Desiccant Air-Conditioning Systems in Commercial Buildings". W ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76107.

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Desiccant air conditioning systems provide an environmentally friendly alternative to the traditional methods of conditioning a building’s internal environment. Whilst conventional air conditioning systems rely on electrical energy to drive the cooling cycle, desiccant cooling is a heat driven cycle. As such, desiccant cooling provides an opportunity to be coupled with solar thermal collectors to reduce energy demands. This paper discusses the potential for a desiccant cooling cycle utilising solar thermal energy as the sole source of heat for regeneration of the desiccant. The study demonstrates that under the assumed design conditions this system will theoretically not require a regeneration heater. Installation of such a system in a commercial building would be extremely beneficial in reducing building’s energy consumption and therefore greenhouse gas emission.
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Gardner, John, Kevin Heglund, Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg i Craig Rieger. "Understanding Flow of Energy in Buildings Using Modal Analysis Methodology". W ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18390.

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It is widely understood that energy storage is the key to integrating variable generators into the grid. It has been proposed that the thermal mass of buildings could be used as a distributed energy storage solution and several researchers are making headway in this problem. However, the inability to easily determine the magnitude of the building’s effective thermal mass, and how the heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system exchanges thermal energy with it, is a significant challenge to designing systems which utilize this storage mechanism. In this paper we adapt modal analysis methods used in mechanical structures to identify the primary modes of energy transfer among thermal masses in a building. The paper describes the technique using data from an idealized building model. The approach is successfully applied to actual temperature data from a commercial building in downtown Boise, Idaho.
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Zhang, Jian, Heejin Cho i Pedro Mago. "Optimal Design of Integrated Distributed Energy Systems for Off-Grid Buildings in Different U.S. Regions". W ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2021-60503.

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Abstract Off-grid concepts for homes and buildings have been a fast-growing trend worldwide in the last few years because of the rapidly dropping cost of renewable energy systems and their self-sufficient nature. Off-grid homes/buildings can be enabled with various energy generation and storage technologies, however, design optimization and integration issues have not been explored sufficiently. This paper applies a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) optimization to obtain an optimal design of integrated distributed energy systems for off-grid homes in various U.S. climate regions. Distributed energy systems consisting of renewable and non-renewable power generation technologies with energy storage are employed to enable off-grid homes/buildings and meet required building electricity demands. In this study, the building types under investigation are residential homes. Multiple distributed energy resources are considered such as combined heat and power systems (CHP), solar photovoltaic (PV), solar thermal collector (STC), wind turbine (WT), as well as battery energy storage (BES) and thermal energy storage (TES). Among those technologies, CHP, PV, and WT are used to generate electricity, which satisfies the building’s electric load, including electricity consumed for space heating and cooling. Solar thermal energy and waste heat recovered from CHP are used to partly supply the building’s thermal load. Excess electricity and thermal energy can be stored in the BES and TES for later use. The MOGA is applied to determine the best combination of DERs and each component’s size to reduce the system cost and carbon dioxide emission for different locations. Results show that the proposed optimization method can be effectively applied to design integrated distributed energy systems for off-grid homes resulting in an optimal design and operation based on a tradeoff between economic and environmental performance.
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Zhou, Guo, Moncef Krarti i Gregor P. Henze. "Parametric Analysis of Active and Passive Building Thermal Storage Utilization". W ASME 2004 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2004-65087.

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Cooling of commercial buildings contributes significantly to the peak demand placed on an electrical utility grid. Time-of-use electricity rates encourage shifting of electrical loads to off peak periods at night and on weekends. Buildings can respond to these pricing signals by shifting cooling-related thermal loads either by precooling the building’s massive structure or by using active thermal energy storage systems such as ice storage. While these two thermal batteries have been engaged separately in the past, this paper investigates the merits of harnessing both storage media concurrently in the context of optimal control for a range of selected parameters. A parametric analysis was conducted utilizing an EnergyPlus-based simulation environment to assess the effects of building mass, electrical utility rates, season and location, economizer operation, central plant size, and thermal comfort. The findings reveal that the cooling-related on-peak electrical demand and utility cost of commercial buildings can be substantially reduced by harnessing both thermal storage inventories using optimal control for a wide range of conditions.
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Platell, Peter, i Dennis A. Dudzik. "Zero Energy Houses: Geoexchange, Solar CHP, and Low Energy Building Approach". W ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36076.

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On March 29, 2006, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development announced in Geneva, Switzerland, that it is forming an alliance of leading global companies to determine how to design and construct buildings to use zero energy from external power grids, be carbon neutral, and be built and operated at fair market values. This paper is a contribution to the many possible Zero Energy House (ZEH) solutions that deserve further attention. The geoexchange, solar thermal combined heat and power (CHP), and low exergy building approach to ZEH is based on select R&D projects that, together, imply several important synergies. Not using “overqualified” energy in the house (i.e., energy quality, or exergy) is a significant step toward realizing a cost-effective ZEH. Most of the energy conversion and energy storage can be obtained through the appropriate use of purely renewable solar energy. However, a fuel reserve is needed to assure all of the building’s energy needs are met 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. The future ZEH implies the production of this fuel, potentially as hydrogen or alcohol, by using CO2 plus water synthesis, powered by solar heat from concentrating solar power (CSP).
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Building’s Energy"

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Pfluger, Rainer, i Alexander Rieser, red. Conservation compatible energy retrofit technologies: Part IV: Documentation and assessment of energy and cost-efficient HVAC-systems and strategies with high conservation compatibility. IEA SHC Task 59, październik 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task59-2021-0007.

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Historic building restoration and renovation requires sensitivity to the cultural heritage, historic value, and sustainability (i.e., building physics, energy efficiency, and comfort) goals of the project. Heat recovery ventilation can contribute to the mentioned goals if ventilation concepts, and airflow distribution is planned and realized in a minimally invasive way. Compared to new buildings, the building physics of historic buildings are more complicated in terms of hygrothermal performance. In particular if internal insulation is applied, the need for dehumidification is needed for robust and risk-free future use, while maintaining the building’s cultural value. As each ventilation system has to be chosen and adapted individually to the specific building, the selection of the appropriate system type is not an easy task.
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Bjelland, David, i Bozena Dorota Hrynyszyn. Energy retrofitting of non-residential buildings with effects on the indoor environment: a study of university buildings at NTNU in Trondheim, Norway. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541564763.

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The year 2050 is considered the deadline for achieving the European climate goal of net zero emissions, an essential sustainability milestone. Current strategies ask for higher retrofitting rates in the building sector, as most of today’s buildings will still be standing and be used in 2050, and longer. However, retrofitting strategies must consider energy and emissions reductions alongside social sustainability, targeting not only the building but also its users. Historically, the focus has been on indoor environmental quality, while other aspects of human well-being such as the quality of views were not addressed as frequently. Educational buildings can function as lighthouse projects, profiting from its many users as communicators. This article presents the retrofitting potential of the central building complex of the Gløshaugen campus of the NTNU in Trondheim in terms of energy, as basis to study the impact of retrofitting strategies on the indoor environment. The study consists of a selection of details, their building physical assessment, and a proposal of retrofitting measures. The results highlight the importance of human-centric definitions in the early (re-)design stages. Humancentric planning aspects can have diverse positive influences on the building’s users, especially in educational and other highly cognitive settings. Their impact however is strongly dependent on the selection of measures and their implementation. Interactions of the many aspects of well-being that can be addressed during retrofitting must be studied further as their interdependencies are often unclear and case specific. Human-centric retrofitting can function as a guide for upcoming mass retrofits throughout Europe for the sustainable achievement of climate goals.
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Zygmunt, Marcin, i Dariusz Gawin. Residents' thermal comfort and energy performance of a single-family house in Poland: a parametric study. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541595604.

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Building energy and environmental efficiency is presently one of the most important research subjects due to global climate change and the actual geopolitical situation. Residential buildings should provide a comfortable environment for the occupants while they spend up to 90% of their life indoors. Moreover, a comfortable indoor environment should be provided efficiently and affordably. Thus, the examination of the correlated factors of buildings' energy efficiency and occupants' comfort is highly anticipated. This field can be analyzed using various methods, where computational simulations are the most comprehensive technique. Unfortunately, buildings' simulated energy demands usually differ from the actual use. There are numerous uncertainties impacting buildings' energy demand, likewise, those parameters are usually strongly correlated. Therefore, parametric analyses are a valuable approach allowing us better understanding of various phenomena occurring in buildings. This article shows some preliminary results of the case study analysis for a residential building in Poland examining the impact of residents' thermal comfort on the buildings' energy performance. This study will be continued and expanded to fully understand the occupants' behavior impact on building energy performance. Studies like this are helpful for future building design, following the paradigm of sustainable development.
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Herrera, Daniel, Franziska Haas, Alexandra Troi, Gustaf Leijonhufvud, Tor Broström, Alexander Rieser, Jørgen Rose, Walter Hüttler i Susanne Kuchar. Case Studies Assessment Report. IEA SHC Task 59, październik 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task59-2021-0001.

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One of the main targets of SHC Task 59 is to provide a solid knowledge base on deep renovation of historic buildings. The Historic Building Energy Retrofit Atlas (HiBERatlas, www.hiberatlas.com) provides a bestpractice database of exemplary energy efficient interventions in historic buildings. The database presents bestpractice examples of how a historic building can be renovated to achieve high levels of energy efficiency while respecting and protecting its heritage significance.
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Broström, Tor, Alessia Buda, Daniel Herrera, Franziska Haas, Alexandra Troi, Dagmar Exner, Sara Mauri, Ernst Jan de Place Hansen, Valentina Marincioni i Nathalie Vernimme. Planning energy retrofits of historic buildings. Redaktor Gustaf Leijonhufvud. IEA SHC Task 59, październik 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task59-2021-0003.

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This handbook follows the systematic approach outlined by the European standard EN 16883:2017 Guidelines for improving the energy performance of historic buildings. It describes how the standard can be applied in practice with chapters on heritage value assessment, building survey and holistic assessment of energy efficiency measures. The book draws on the experience from a team of international leading experts in the field of energy efficiency in historic building.
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Aldubyan, Mohammad, Moncef Krarti i Eric Williams. Evaluating Energy Demand and Energy Efficiency Programs in Saudi Residential Buildings. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2020-mp05.

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This paper describes the development of the Residential Energy Model (REEM) for Saudi Arabia using an engineering bottom-up approach. The model can assess energy demand for the current residential building stock and the impact of energy efficiency and demand-side management programs. It accounts for the makeup and features of the Kingdom’s existing housing stock using 54 prototypes of residential buildings defined by three building types, three vintages, and six locations representing different climatic zones.
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Jones, D. W. Energy Efficiency, Building Productivity and the Commercial Buildings Market. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maj 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814265.

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Borodinecs, Anatolijs, Aleksandrs Zajacs i Arturs Palcikovskis. Modular retrofitting approach for residential buildings. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541598583.

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Residential buildings are one of the crucial energy consumers. The vast majority of the existing buildings require urgent retrofitting due to the very poor thermal insulation properties of their external building envelope. There are many building retrofitting technologies available on the market. However, thermal insulation technologies, such as rendered and double facades, require large amount of on-site human working hours. One of the most promising technologies is a modular retrofitting.
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Moncef, Krati, i Mohammad Aldubyan. Cost-Effectiveness of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technologies for Reducing Peak Demand. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, grudzień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-dp20.

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This paper describes an optimization-based approach to evaluate measures providing peak electricity demand reduction cost benefits for Saudi residential buildings. These measures can be categorized as energy efficiency (EE) and renewable energy (RE) measures. Specifically, this paper models the existing Saudi building stock using 56 housing prototypes based on types, vintages and locations.
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Schalcher, Hans-Rudolf. Thematic synthesis “Buildings and Settlements” of the NRP “Energy”. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), październik 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_nrp70_nrp71.2019.3.en.

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Around 40 percent of the energy consumed in Switzerland can be attributed to the construction and running of the country’s building stock. Buildings and settlements will thus play a prominent role in the transformation of our energy system. Numerous steps for the future have already been initiated – but there still remains a great deal to do.
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