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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Britit"
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Merivirta, Raita. "Valkoisen linssin läpi". Lähikuva – audiovisuaalisen kulttuurin tieteellinen julkaisu 32, nr 4 (16.03.2020): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23994/lk.90785.
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Englantilaisen Richard Attenborough’n ohjaama Gandhi (1982) on Mohandas K. Gandhin (1869–1948) elämää ihailevasti tarkasteleva historiallinen suurelokuva, joka kuvaa nimihenkilön elämän ohella myös sitä, kuinka brittiläinen imperiumi luopui Intiasta vuonna 1947 intialaisten vuosikymmeniä kestäneen itsenäisyyskamppailun jälkeen.Tässä artikkelissa Gandhia luetaan brittien itselleen kertomana tarinana imperialismistaan ja kolonialismistaan ja niiden päättymisestä Intiassa. Tähän liittyy kiinteästi kysymys rotusuhteista kolonisoidussa Intiassa. Artikkelissa kysytään mitä Gandhi kertoo katsojilleen imperialismista, kolonialismista ja britti-hallinnosta Intiassa? Mikä merkitys on Gandhia alinomaa ympäröivillä valkoisilla henkilöillä? Käytän elokuvan tarkasteluun postkoloniaalista näkökulmaa yhdistettynä kulttuurihistorialliseen lähestymistapaan.Siitä huolimatta, että Gandhi suhtautuu nimihenkilöönsä ja tämän väkivallattomaan vastarintaan kunnioittavasti ja myönteisesti, elokuva myös kaunistelee britti-imperialismia ja siihen liittynyttä rasismia ja nostaa keskeiseen asemaan valkoisia, angloamerikkalaisia toimijoita monien intialaisten itsenäisyystaistelijoiden ohi. Gandhi onkin imperialismin ja kolonialismin vastaisuudestaan huolimatta erinomainen esimerkki eurosentrisen diskurssin hallitsemasta elokuvasta ja valkopestystä historian tulkinnasta. Elokuvaan on kirjoitettu runsaasti valkoisia, länsimaisia henkilöitä, jotka eivät elokuvan kuvaamien tapahtumien ja tulkintojen kannalta olisi olleet historiallisesti välttämättömiä. Gandhi kuvaa ”tavalliset britit” hyvinä yksilöinä ja ”tavalliset intialaiset” potentiaalisesti väkivaltaisina ja väkijoukkojen osana. Brittiläinen Intia ei elokuvassa tunnusta rasistisuuttaan, vaan kysymys imperialismista esitetään kysymyksenä Intian parhaasta hallinnosta ja hallinnasta.Through a White Lens: Imperialism, Racialization and Media in GandhiThe British film Gandhi (1982), directed by the English filmmaker Richard Attenborough, presents an admiring portrait of the Indian leader Mohandas K. Gandhi (1869–1948). Along with the life of the mahatma, the grand historical film also depicts (by necessity) the Indian independence struggle and the withdrawal of the British from India in 1947. In this article, Gandhi is read as a British narrative about British imperialism, colonialism, and the decolonization of India. These are inextricably intertwined with racial relations in colonial India.The article examines what Gandhi tells its viewers about imperialism, colonialism, and the British rule in India and asks, what is the meaning of all the white characters surrounding Gandhi. The film is analyzed from a postcolonial perspective.Despite the film’s respectful and admiring take on Gandhi and his philosophy and method of nonviolence, Gandhi also sanitizes British imperialism and racism, and has white, Anglo-American characters in central roles, all the while omitting or downplaying the role of many central Indian historical figures. It can be argued that though Gandhi is written in principle as an anti-imperialist and anti-colonialist text, it is also a prime example of Eurocentric and whitewashed historical interpretation. A number of white, Western characters who are not historically integral or necessary to the story being told have been included in the film. “Ordinary Brits” are depicted as good guys in Gandhi – British imperialists are an estranged elite – whereas “ordinary Indians” appear as potentially violent members of a mob. The British India of Gandhi does not admit its racist character, and the question of imperialism is presented as a question of the best possible governance of India.
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Strunina, N. V. "E-LEARNING RESOURCE «BRITAIN AND THE BRITISH» AS A DIDACTIC TOOL OF FORMATION OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE AT SECONDARY SCHOOLS AND UNIVERSITIES". Современные проблемы науки и образования (Modern Problems of Science and Education), nr 6 2020 (2020): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/spno.30452.
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Koskella, Britt. "Britt Koskella". Current Biology 27, nr 23 (grudzień 2017): R1252—R1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.058.
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Bright, Anita. "Why are we watching funny videos in our pedagogy course? Deconstructing humorous videos to foster social activism in educators". European Journal of Humour Research 3, nr 4 (listopad 2015): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr2015.3.4.bright.
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Brenes, Esteban R., Isabel Bolańos, Ramón Burciaga, Marco Jimeno i Francisco Salas. "Café Britt, S.A." Journal of Business Research 38, nr 1 (styczeń 1997): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0148-2963(96)00115-4.
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Simpson, Jacqueline, i Séamas Ó. Catháin. "The Festival of Brigit". Béaloideas 66 (1998): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20522518.
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Pentecost, Allan. "British thermophilic cyanobacteria". Archiv für Hydrobiologie 132, nr 4 (10.03.1995): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/132/1995/407.
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Bailey, Hannah McKendrick. "Britt Mize,Traditional Subjectivities." Notes and Queries 63, nr 1 (26.02.2016): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gjv259.
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Britt, L. D. "L.D. Britt, MD, MPH". Journal of the National Medical Association 100, nr 2 (luty 2008): 259–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0027-9684(15)31215-3.
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Eenhoorn, Anneke. "Britt, inmiddels 21 jaar". Kind & Adolescent Praktijk 12, nr 2 (czerwiec 2013): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12454-013-0020-1.
Pełny tekst źródłaRozprawy doktorskie na temat "Britit"
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Glancy, H. Mark. "Hollywood and Britain : the Hollywood 'British' film, 1939-1945". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333476.
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Chasin, Stephanie. "Citizens of empire Jews in the service of the British Empire, 1906-1940 /". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1690289521&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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de, Bromhead Alan, Alan Fernihough, Markus Lampe i Kevin Hjortshøj O'Rourke. "When Britain Turned Inward: The Impact of Interwar British Protection". American Economic Association, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6823/1/aer.pdf.
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International trade collapsed, and also became much less multilateral, during the 1930s. Previous studies, looking at aggregate trade flows, have argued that trade policies had relatively little to do with either phenomenon. Using a new dataset incorporating highly disaggregated information on the United Kingdom's imports and trade policies, we find that while conventional wisdom is correct regarding the impact of trade policy on the total value of British imports, discriminatory trade policies can explain the majority of Britain's shift toward Imperial imports in the 1930s.
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Sanden, Jeanette van der. "A little Britain on the continent : British perceptions of Belgium". Thesis, University of London, 2006. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.535961.
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Mizutani, Satoshi. "The British in India and their domiciled brethren : race and class in the colonial context, 1858-1930". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fa01ca84-a9e5-432d-bb51-4091416be26c.
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This DPhil dissertation aims to delineate an ambivalent construction of 'Britishness' in late British India by paying special attention to certain discourses and practices that regulated the lives of both colonial elites and of their impoverished and/or racially mixed kin. Peculiar racial self-anxieties of the colonial ruling classes, - namely those over hygienic / sexual degradation and cultural hybridisation, the increased presence of indigent and/or racially mixed white populations, and the undesired consequences of the last - are examined thorough a close and analytically coherent analysis of colonial representations and practices. An important feature of this research is to bring the internal-cum-class distinctions of metropolitan society to the fore in order to circumscribe a peculiarly class-specific constitution of British racial identity in the colonial context. Broadly speaking, in two related senses can the (re)production of white racial prestige in the British Raj be regarded as a class-conditioned phenomenon. First of all, colonial Britishness can be said to have been characterised by class because not all persons or groups of British descent living in the colony were recognised as 'European enough': only those from the upper or middle classes were considered as so 'European' as to be capable of ruling the 'subject races' of India. The remaining people of British racial origins, including the so-called 'poor whites', the 'domiciled Europeans' (those whites permanently settled in India), and the mixed-decent 'Eurasians', were not regarded as 'British enough' (although they were not seen as 'Indian', either). Especially, 'domiciled Europeans' and 'Eurasians', often collectively referred to as 'the domiciled class', were not treated as 'British' but only as 'Native' in socio-legal terms: the 'domiciled' differed from 'Indians' in terms of racial and cultural identification, but were supposed to be no higher than the latter by constitutional status and socio-economic standard. Secondly it was because of its recourse to 'bourgeois philanthropy' that the construction of Britishness in late British India may be said to have been bound by aspects of Victorian or Edwardian class culture. Although the British excluded their domiciled brethren from the sphere of their social and economic privileges, the former also 'included' the latter within limited frames of philanthropic and educational care. For, their exclusion from the elite white community notwithstanding, the domiciled were still regarded as one part of the European (as opposed to Indian) body politic. Thus the colonial authorities feared that an unregulated destitution of 'poor whites', domiciled Europeans, and Eurasians might present itself as a political menace to the prestige of the British race as a whole: in a sense, the authority of Britishness also depended on how 'European pauperism' could be solved before it had disorderly effects on the colonial hierarchies of race and class. It was in this context that the philanthropic management of pauperism emerged as a negative but no less unimportant measure for reproducing British prestige in the colonial context. And central to this was a specific, colonial application of a politics of class that the bourgeoisie played against the indigent and various 'unfit' populations in the metropole.
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Palmer, Michael R. "The British nexus and the Russian liberals, 1905-1917". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=88128.
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Lynch, Pamela. "The people of Roman Britain : a study of Romano-British burials". University of Western Australia. School of Humanities, 2010. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0101.
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This thesis utilises the evidence from mortuary archaeology to explore the identity of the inhabitants of Britain during the period of Roman rule. It assimilates burial evidence from diverse sources both published and unpublished and integrates it with other material and literary evidence to investigate the people of the province and examine aspects of their lives. By assessing the extent and reliability of the mortuary evidence and by combining this evidence from major cemeteries, smaller burial sites and individual or isolated burials it has been possible to determine aspects of their lives from a different perspective than that previously employed. The thesis has been divided into five parts. Part 1 (chapters 1 to 3) serves as an introduction. Part 2 (chapters 4 and 5) considers the evidence available while Part 3 (chapters 6 to 8) focuses on specific groups within the population. Part 4 (chapter 9) looks at instances of death and burial that differ from the norm and Part 5 (chapters 10-12) presents a picture of the daily life of these people. The study concludes with a summing up of the evidence and a look at the future of mortuary studies of Roman Britain. The introductory chapters set out the objectives of the dissertation, look at the work that has already been done in this area and evaluates the need for a synthesis of the available evidence. The scope of the project, both temporally and geographically is outlined in chapter 2. The third chapter takes a look at the contemporary written evidence available, in the form of literary and epigraphic contributions, and assesses its reliability as an indicator of the appearance and lives of the Romano-Britons. This survey looks not only at the Roman view of the natives of the province but extends beyond the Roman period to examine the literary evidence that is available from the subsequent centuries. Chapters 4 and 5 take an in-depth look at the evidence available on the people of Roman Britain. The extent of the burial evidence is reviewed in chapter 4 while chapter 5 deals specifically and in depth with how this evidence can be utilised. The skeletal evidence is assessed for its extent and reliability. Factors affecting the survival of the remains is appraised and the effects of the biases created by such differential survival considered. Grave-goods and the organisation of the cemeteries are brought into the evaluation and the strengths and weaknesses of all of the evidence evaluated. The following chapters (6 to 11) focus on discrete aspects of the population. Chapters 6 to 8 look at the representation of specific groups within the community - the young, the elderly and those who arrived from other parts of the empire. With the aim of providing an indication of the diversity of both the composition of the population, the communities they represent and the associated burial rites, chapter 9 examines some of the more distinctive burials from Britain during this period. An area of intense interest, decapitation burials provides the focal point of this chapter. What may appear to be more mundane aspects of the lives of these people occupy chapters 10 to 12. What kept them busy, their occupations and their pastimes is viewed from the perspective of the burial evidence in chapters 10 and 11, while chapter 12 examines the mortuary evidence, in the form of funerary art and the remains of clothing, hair and accessories for their appearance.
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Loh, Waiyee. "Empire of culture : contemporary British and Japanese imaginings of Victorian Britain". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/82122/.
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Since the 1980s and 1990s, cultural commodities produced in both Britain and Japan have enjoyed an upsurge in global popularity, giving rise to notions of “Creative Britain” and “Cool Japan.” As a result of this boom, British and Japanese governments have attempted to develop and/or collaborate with both domestic and foreign cultural industries as a solution to national economic decline. This turn to culture as a means of generating economic revenue is part of a global trend where neoliberal economic ideas converge with the rise of a “creative economy.” This thesis argues that the image of Victorian Britain in Japanese shōjo manga, as well as in British neo-Victorian fiction, suggests that the history of free trade and British imperialism in East Asia in the nineteenth century underpins this increasing emphasis on cultural commodity production and export in Britain and Japan. In other words, British and Japanese neo-Victorian texts published in the period 1980-present demonstrate that what we call “globalisation” today is deeply informed by economic relations and cultural hierarchies established between distant places in the nineteenth century. Recognising these connections between past and present helps us understand why the Japanese today “choose” to consume British “high” cultural goods, and why the Japanese state and cultural industries “choose” to focus their energies on exporting popular culture products. These “choices,” I argue, are historically conditioned by Japan’s encounter with the West, and especially Britain, in the nineteenth century, and the perception of British cultural superiority that this encounter has fostered. In examining the transnational networks that connect Britain and Japan in the nineteenth century and in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century, this thesis uses a “global history” framework to expand existing approaches to neo-Victorianism, girl culture in Japan, and World Literature.
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Holloway, Brent. ""Without Conquest or Purchase": The Annexation Moment in British Columbia, 1866-1871". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34473.
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While the annexation movement in British Columbia appears to have been short-lived and disorganized, it was nevertheless understood as a serious threat to British rule. This study seeks to reconcile this contradiction through an examination of newspapers, debates, despatches, and correspondence drawn from British Columbia, Britain, Canada, and the United States. In examining the movement, this study reveals both the peculiar capacity of the minor agitation to present an exaggerated image of its popularity, and the key geopolitical assumptions which led observers to overestimate its importance. As the narrative spectre of annexationism outpaced the actual strength of the movement, confederationist leaders and British and American authorities were led to embark on misguided political strategies. The British Columbian annexation movement’s disproportionate impact reveals the complex interaction between local politics and global forces in British North American history, and demonstrates the role of ideology and rumour-making in shaping global political narratives.
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Kuiken, Jonathan Robert. "Empires of Energy: Britain, British Petroleum, Shell and the Remaking of the International Oil Industry, 1957-1979". Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104079.
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Thesis advisor: James E. CroninThis dissertation examines British oil policy from the aftermath of the Suez Crisis in 1956-1957 until the Iranian Revolution and the electoral victory of Margaret Thatcher's Conservative Party in 1979. It was a period marked by major transitions within Britain's oil policy as well as broader changes within the international oil market. It argues that the story of Britain, and Britain's two domestically-based oil companies, BP and Shell, offers a valuable case study in the development of competing ideas about the reorganization of the international oil industry in the wake of the rise of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting countries and the companies' losing control over the production of oil. The emergence of OPEC, and the political and resource nationalism which provided it with its inspiration, proved to be a challenge for the companies. In their view, this had to be countered commercially through the maintenance of the role of the major oil companies as well as the further internationalization of the oil market; a process which they believed would help de-politicize oil production and distribution. Although the Governments which ruled Britain in this era were initially in favor of this laissez-faire approach, economic and political uncertainty in Britain, coupled with the game-changing potential of Britain's own North Sea oil resources led to a gradual process of state intervention into oil matters, both at home and abroad. Out of this emerged a different philosophy on the part of Cabinet and Whitehall officials, one which saw the future of oil being in the hands of the state and state-controlled companies. This growing divergence weakened the traditional partnership between BP, Shell and the British Government and limited cooperation until the defeat of the Labour Party in 1979 by Thatcher's Conservatives reversed the trend of growing state involvement. Together these inter-connected accounts provide an important counter-point to the idea that the emergence of a fully international oil market was inevitable and reveals that the reformation of the oil market in the post-1973 world was the result of political and as well as market forces
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: History
Książki na temat "Britit"
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Kyläkoski, Kaisa. You must not forget to take your own harness: Travel reports from Southern Finland, between Eckerö and Viipuri, including descriptions of post-houses, and everything interesting, written in English1774-1863. Helsinki: Books on Demand, 2008.
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Carion-Machwitz, Geneviève. Brigit: Celte symbole. Guingamp [France]: Editions de la Plomée, 2000.
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Manner, Eeva-Liisa. Bright, dusky, bright. Hove: Waterloo Press, 2009.
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Manner, Eeva-Liisa. Bright, dusky, bright. Hove: Waterloo Press, 2009.
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Mark, Sassen, red. Gezicht van Britt. Amsterdam: Leopold, 2010.
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Britt, Chris. Britt happens: Cartoons. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub., 1996.
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Blee, Jill. Brigid. Briar Hill, Vic., Australia: Indra Pub., 1999.
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Neela, Dolezalova, red. Bright. [London]: Oberon, 2002.
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Maavak, mered, meri: Ha-mediniyut ha-Britit veha-Tsiyonit veha-maavak im Britanyah, 1941-1948 : Asupat maamarim (Mi-pirsume Merkaz Zalman Shazar). Merkaz Zalman Shazar le-toldot Yisrael, 1987.
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Lovers, Cute Journal. Britt. Independently Published, 2019.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Britit"
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Lumsdon, Les. "The British Tourist Authority: John Wesley’s Britain". W Marketing for Tourism, 124–34. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21946-9_12.
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Woods, Faye. "Made in Britain: Mapping British Youth Television". W British Youth Television, 3–26. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-44548-3_1.
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Miller, Robert. "The British Tourist Authority: Promoting Tourism to Britain". W BIEC Yearbook 1989–1990, 415–52. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11350-7_37.
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Ilott, Sarah. "Multicultural British Comedy/The Comedy of Multicultural Britain". W New Postcolonial British Genres, 134–69. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137505224_5.
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Philippou, Eleni. "6. Commissioning Political Sympathies". W Prismatic Jane Eyre, 368–97. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0319.10.
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The first book translation of Jane Eyre was translated into Modern Greek by Ninila Papagiannē, and published in 1949 by Ikaros publishers under the aegis of the British Council in Greece. This translation, published at the end of the Greek Civil War, was part of a wider political and ideological strategy conducted by Britain to make Greece conducive to British influence. In the wake of the Cold War, Britain was conscious of Greece’s significant political and geographic importance, and adopted a policy of soft power that included the translation of English classics, such as Jane Eyre, to cultivate political sympathy towards Britain.
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Sparks, Lacey. "Fusion Cooking: Nutrition Education in Britain and British Africa". W Britain and the World, 105–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23521-4_5.
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Shriwise, Amanda. "Social Policy and Britain’s 1929 Colonial Development Act". W International Impacts on Social Policy, 73–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86645-7_7.
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AbstractIn 1929, Britain passed the Colonial Development Act (CDA), which represents the first centralised and systematic attempt to allocate development assistance throughout dependencies in the British Empire. This chapter examines social policy in a British colonial development context through the lens of the CDA from 1929 to 1940. It argues that while the CDA was a redistributive mechanism, it was far from progressive in both concept and implementation. Instead, the CDA embodied many of the inherent tensions and contradictions about welfare in the British Empire, with Britain portraying itself as a duty bound and philanthropic colonial power on the one hand while simultaneously pursuing a colonial development agenda that explicitly prioritised metropolitan economic gains over the welfare of local and indigenous populations on the other.
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"Bright Futures Children’s Health Charter". W Bright Futures Nutrition, v. Wyd. 3. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581106244-bright.
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Hove, Hannah Van. "‘Belonging nowhere?’: Labelling British Experimental Women’s Fiction of the Long Sixties". W Neo-Avant-Gardes, 264–80. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486095.003.0015.
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This chapter focuses on the ways in which a range of relatively neglected British women writers (including Ann Quin, Anna Kavan, Eva Figes, Christine Brooke-Rose and Brigid Brophy) have been labelled, both during and after the long sixties. By giving an overview of the various categorisations attributed to women’s experimental fiction in Britain and the ways in which they have been employed, it interrogates the reasons for the critical neglect of British experimental women’s writing whilst at the same time teasing out to what extent the categorisation ‘neo-avant-garde’ might be a useful term in exploring the influences and persisting concerns of their innovative novels.
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Bridge, Carl. "Australia, Britain and the British Commonwealth". W The Cambridge History of Australia, 518–36. Cambridge University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cho9781107445758.053.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Britit"
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Яблонская, О. В. "British Migrant Children: From Deported Street Children to the Builders of "Great Britain"". W Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/semconf.2023.3.3.019.
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Статья посвящена миграции несовершеннолетних детей из Англии в Канаду, Австралию, Южную Африку. Анализируются причины, указаны основные этапы детской миграции, рассмотрены цели и задачи, которые преследовали организаторы программ переселения, миссии, которые возлагались на юных британцев вне метрополии. Автор приходит к выводу, что выезд был обусловлен потребностями детей и потребностями Великобритании, как метрополии, так и ее заокеанских владений. Начиная с XVII века, несовершеннолетних отправляли в колонии в качестве работников. Депортация из Англии являлась также альтернативой тюремному заключению. В XIX веке прекращается организованный ввоз преступников в колонии. Миграция позволяла сэкономить социальные расходы британского правительства. Филантропы разрабатывали планы массового переселения детей за океан с целью их спасения от голода и преступлений, на которые они были обречены в нищих кварталах британских городов. Доминионы предоставляли большие возможности для повышения социального статуса детей бедняков. Со второй половины XIX века в юных мигрантах начинают видеть большой имперский потенциал. Они рассматривались строителями империи «Великая Британия». Несовершеннолетние работники помогали фермерам осваивать земли. Миграция увеличивала «белое» население колоний и доминионов. Дети укрепляли политические связи между отдельными странами, распространяли политические и культурные ценности европейцев. На них возлагались задачи создания глобальной британской нации, физического и нравственного оздоровления британцев. Потомки британских «домашних детей» составляют значительный процент населения современной Канады и Австралии. The article is devoted to the migration of minors from England to Canada, Australia, South Africa. The reasons are analyzed, the main stages of child migration are indicated, the goals and objectives pursued by the organizers of resettlement programs, the missions assigned to young Britons outside the metropolis are considered. The author comes to the conclusion that the departure reasons were the needs of children and the needs of Great Britain, both the metropolis and its overseas possessions. Since the XVIIth century, minors were sent to colonies as workers. Deportation from England was also an alternative to imprisonment. In the XIX-th century, the organized deportation of criminals into the colonies stopped. Migration allowed saving the social expenses of the British government. Philanthropists developed plans for the mass relocation of children overseas in order to save them from hunger and crimes to which they were doomed in the impoverished quarters of British cities. The dominions provided great opportunities to improve the social status of the children of the poor. Since the second half of the XIXth century, young migrants began to see great imperial potential. They were considered as the builders of the empire "Great Britain". Underage workers helped farmers develop land. Migration increased the "white" population of colonies and dominions. Children strengthened political ties between countries, spread European political and cultural values. They were entrusted with the task of creating a global British nation, physical and moral recovery of the British. Descendants of British "home children" make up a significant percentage of the population of modern Canada and Australia.
2
Evans, Ians. "The glacial buzzsaw and its limitations: mountain glaciation in British Columbia and in Britain". W Proceedings of the Romanian Geomorphology Symposium, 33rd edition, Iași, 11-14 May 2017. Iași: Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15551/prgs.2017.47.
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Kirana, Yusril Ihza, i Baiq Wardhani. "The Preference of Media Press in Britain and British Policy in Iran’s Nuclear Crisis". W Airlangga Conference on International Relations. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010281306290634.
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Жолудов, М. В. "The Liberal Party in the Political System of the Great Britain in the XIXth Century: Forms and Features of Development". W Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/semconf.2023.3.3.020.
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В статье рассматриваются особенности развития Либеральной партии Великобритании в XIX в. В своем развитии она преодолела несколько этапов, каждый из которых обнаруживал тесную связь с общеисторическими изменениями в Великобритании. В работе утверждается, что способность правящей элиты страны вовремя перейти к политике либеральных преобразований позволила ей преодолеть серьезный социально-политический кризис и спасти Великобританию от революции. Особое внимание уделено исследованию влияния парламентской реформы 1832 г. на формирование структуры партии. Заслугой либералов было то, что они сумели адаптировать плавным, эволюционно-реформистским путем, не затрагивая самих основ общественного порядка, государственно-правовые институты Великобритании к новым историческим условиям, возникшим в результате промышленного переворота. Используя гибкие компромиссные методы управления и проведения социальной политики в отношениях как с землевладельческой аристократией, так и со средними и низшими слоями британского общества, либералы смогли поддерживать достаточно высокую стабильность общества, сглаживать социальные конфликты, столь частые в других странах Западной Европы XIX в. Автор подчеркивает, что к концу XIX в. британским либералам удалось создать массовую политическую партию современного типа. The article examines the features of the development of the Liberal Party of Great Britain in the XIXth century. In its development, the Liberal Party was going through several stages, each of which revealed a close connection with general historical changes in Great Britain. The paper argues that the ability of the country's ruling elite to switch to a policy of liberal transformations in time allowed it to overcome a serious socio-political crisis and save Great Britain from revolution. Particular attention is paid to the study of the influence of the parliamentary reform of 1832 on the formation of the party structure. The merit of the liberals was that they were able to adapt in a smooth, evolutionary-reformist way, without affecting the very foundations of public order, the state-legal institutions of Great Britain to the new historical conditions that arose as a result of the industrial revolution. Using flexible compromise methods of management and social policy in relations both with the landowning aristocracy and with the middle and lower strata of the British society, the liberals managed to maintain a fairly high stability of society, smooth out social conflicts that are so frequent in other countries of Western Europe of the XIXth century. The author emphasizes that by the end of the XIXth century, the British liberals managed to create a mass political party of the modern type.
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Lewandowska, Emilia. "More Polish or More British? Identity of The Second Generation of Poles Born in Great Britain". W International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/tjep3568.
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Иванов, Н. С. "THE GENESIS OF THE BRITISH IMPERIAL IDEOLOGY AND THE NEW WORLD". W Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/mcu.2021.40.37.006.
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Автор рассматривает становление британской имперской идеологии под влиянием Великих географических открытий, прежде всего путешествий Х. Колумба, А. Веспуччи в Новый Свет. Имперские идеи в Британии, как и других европейских странах, зародились под влиянием насле-дия Римской империи. Первые практические уроки колонизации были получены британскими правителями в ходе создания так называемой «первой империи», при объединении Англии, Ир-ландии, Уэльса и Шотландии. Своеобразие британской имперской идеологии было связано с тру-дами известных деятелей Т. Мора, Ф. Бэкона, Дж. Ди, Р. Хаклейта, которые служили наглядной иллюстраций сложного сочетания гуманистического идеализма эпохи Просвещения и стремления к колониальным захватам и власти. The author examines the formation of the British imperial ideology under the influence of Great Geographical Discoveries, primarily the travels of H. Columbus, A. Vespucci to the New World. Imperial ideas in Britain, as in other European countries, were born under the influence of the heritage of the Roman Empire. The first practical lessons of colonization were learned by the British rulers during the creation of the so-called “first empire”, when England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland were united. The peculiarity of the British imperial ideology was associated with the works of famous figures T. More, F. Bacon, J. Dee, R. Hakluyt, which served as a clear illustration of the complex nature of the merger (convergence) between the humanistic idealism of the Enlightenment and the desire for colonial conquest and power.
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Cerbari, Daniela. "Features organizing records in the UK". W Conferința științifică internațională studențească „Provocările contabilității în viziunea tinerilor cercetători”, ediția VII. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/issc2023.55.
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The United Kingdom is the country where accounting is based on features such as simplicity and freedom of professional judgment. This assignment presents what are the features of british accounting is based on insignificant state participation in the accounting regulation, the orientation of financial information towards the needs of large anonymous companies, the regulation and evolution of accounting principles through the effort of a strong liberal profession, the need to fulfill the Accounts Control missions, public relations in the services provided by audit firms. The British industrial revolution left its mark on the evolution of the accounting system. In this article, the subject of the peculiarities of accounting in Great Britain was touched upon. As well as the companies that participate in the monitoring of this process as well as in the regulation of accounting principles. We will also follow the emergence of this powerful system that is watched and studied around the world. Also the connection with the tax system, depreciation, the accounting profession will be present and we will decipher as little as possible their importance in the development of accounting.
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Rutsinskaya, Irina, i Galina Smirnova. "VISUALIZATION OF EVERYDAY SOCIAL AND CULTURAL PRACTICES: VICTORIAN PAINTING AS A MIRROR OF THE ENGLISH TEA PARTY TRADITION". W NORDSCI Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2021/b1/v4/37.
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"Throughout the second half of the seventeen and the eighteenth centuries, tea remained an expensive exotic drink for Britain that “preserved” its overseas nature. It was only in the Victorian era (1837-1903) that tea became the English national drink. The process attracts the attention of academics from various humanities. Despite an impressive amount of research in the UK, in Russia for a long time (in the Soviet years) the English tradition of tea drinking was considered a philistine curiosity unworthy of academic analysis. Accordingly, the English tea party in Russia has become a leader in the number of stereotypes. The issue became important for academics only at the turn of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Currently, we can observe significant growth of interest in this area in Russia and an expansion of research into tea drinking with regard to the history of society, philosophy and culture. Despite this fact, there are still serious lacunas in the research of English tea parties in the Victorian era. One of them is related to the analysis of visualization of this practice in Victorian painting. It is a proven fact that tea parties are one of the most popular topics in English arts of the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries. No other art school in the world referred to the topic so frequently: painting formed the visual image of the English tea party, consolidated, propagandized and spread ideas of the national tea tradition. However, this aspect has been reflected neither in British nor Russian studies. Being descriptive and analytical, the present research refers to the principles of historicism, academic reliability and objectivity, helping to determine the principal trends and social and cultural features and models in Britain during the period. The present research is based on the analysis of more than one hundred genre paintings by British artists of the period. The paintings reflect the process of creating a special “truly English” material and visual context of tea drinking, which displaced all “oriental allusions” from this ceremony, to create a specific entourage and etiquette of tea consumption, and set nationally determined patterns of behavior at the tea table. The analysis shows the presence of English traditions of tea drinking visualization. The canvases of British artists, unlike the Russian ones, never reflect social problems: tea parties take place against the background of either well-furnished interiors or beautiful landscapes, being a visual embodiment of Great Britain as a “paradise of the prosperous bourgeoisie”, manifesting the bourgeois virtues. Special attention is paid to the role of the women in this ritual, the theme of the relationship between mothers and children. A unique English painting theme, which has not been manifested in any other art school in the world, is a children’s tea party. Victorian paintings reflect the processes of democratization of society: representatives of the lower classes appear on canvases. Paintings do not only reflect the norms and ideals that existed in the society, but also provide the set patterns for it."
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Song, Feng, Yang Meng i Miao Zeng. "The Shaping Process of Urban Form Under a Socialist System: Townscape Diversity and its Formation in Sanlitun, Beijing". W 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5690.
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The difference between socio-economic systems is an important factor in the diversity of urban form. M. R. G. Conzen (1960) established a framework for urban morphology in the context of a British social system and culture. It was suggested that this did not necessarily apply to cities affected by revolutionary planning measures. China, which is markedly different in social system and culture from Britain by most standards qualifies as revolutionary, at least in the post-war period. Sanlitun in Beijing, China, is an interesting case for comparison with British cities. It was a site containing few buildings during the initial stage of new China, but subsequently became the ‘Second Embassy District’ where many embassies gathered. Now it has become a commercial core district and cultural meeting place of Westerners and Chinese. The townscape of Sanlitun, which has experienced a number of socialist construction periods reveals the process of changing urban form under a socialist system. Identifying morphological periods, the changing process of townscape development in Sanlitun is articulated. Morphological units are delimited. They clarify the variations in Sanlitun’s landscapes and their formation. Based on these, this paper reflects on the shaping process of townscape under different socio-cultural systems, and further considers the universality, applicability and particularities of Conzenian theory.
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Fatima Hajizada, Fatima Hajizada. "SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE AMERICAN VERSION OF THE BRITISH LANGUAGE". W THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC – PRACTICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE IN MODERN & SOCIAL SCIENCES: NEW DIMENSIONS, APPROACHES AND CHALLENGES. IRETC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/mssndac-01-10.
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English is one of the most spoken languages in the world. A global language communication is inherent in him. This language is also distinguished by a significant diversity of dialects and speech. It appeared in the early Middle Ages as the spoken language of the Anglo-Saxons. The formation of the British Empire and its expansion led to the widespread English language in Asia, Africa, North America and Australia. As a result, the Metropolitan language became the main communication language in the English colonies, and after independence it became State (USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand) and official (India, Nigeria, Singapore). Being one of the 6 Official Languages of the UN, it is studied as a foreign language in educational institutions of many countries in the modern time [1, 2, s. 12-14]. Despite the dozens of varieties of English, the American (American English) version, which appeared on the territory of the United States, is one of the most widespread. More than 80 per cent of the population in this country knows the American version of the British language as its native language. Although the American version of the British language is not defined as the official language in the US Federal Constitution, it acts with features and standards reinforced in the lexical sphere, the media and the education system. The growing political and economic power of the United States after World War II also had a significant impact on the expansion of the American version of the British language [3]. Currently, this language version has become one of the main topics of scientific research in the field of linguistics, philology and other similar spheres. It should also be emphasized that the American version of the British language paved the way for the creation of thousands of words and expressions, took its place in the general language of English and the world lexicon. “Okay”, “teenager”, “hitchhike”, “landslide” and other words can be shown in this row. The impact of differences in the life and life of colonists in the United States and Great Britain on this language was not significant either. The role of Nature, Climate, Environment and lifestyle should also be appreciated here. There is no officially confirmed language accent in the United States. However, most speakers of national media and, first of all, the CNN channel use the dialect “general American accent”. Here, the main accent of “mid Pppemestern” has been guided. It should also be noted that this accent is inherent in a very small part of the U.S. population, especially in Nebraska, Iowa, and Illinois. But now all Americans easily understand and speak about it. As for the current state of the American version of the British language, we can say that there are some hypotheses in this area. A number of researchers perceive it as an independent language, others-as an English variant. The founder of American spelling, American and British lexicographer, linguist Noah Pondebster treats him as an independent language. He also tried to justify this in his work “the American Dictionary of English” written in 1828 [4]. This position was expressed by a Scottish-born English philologist, one of the authors of the “American English Dictionary”Sir Alexander Craigie, American linguist Raven ioor McDavid Jr. and others also confirm [5]. The second is the American linguist Leonard Bloomfield, one of the creators of the descriptive direction of structural linguistics, and other American linguists Edward Sapir and Charles Francis Hockett. There is also another group of “third parties” that accept American English as a regional dialect [5, 6]. A number of researchers [2] have shown that the accent or dialect in the US on the person contains significantly less data in itself than in the UK. In Great Britain, a dialect speaker is viewed as a person with a low social environment or a low education. It is difficult to perceive this reality in the US environment. That is, a person's speech in the American version of the British language makes it difficult to express his social background. On the other hand, the American version of the British language is distinguished by its faster pace [7, 8]. One of the main characteristic features of the American language array is associated with the emphasis on a number of letters and, in particular, the pronunciation of the letter “R”. Thus, in British English words like “port”, “more”, “dinner” the letter “R” is not pronounced at all. Another trend is related to the clear pronunciation of individual syllables in American English. Unlike them, the Britons “absorb”such syllables in a number of similar words [8]. Despite all these differences, an analysis of facts and theoretical knowledge shows that the emergence and formation of the American version of the British language was not an accidental and chaotic process. The reality is that the life of the colonialists had a huge impact on American English. These processes were further deepened by the growing migration trends at the later historical stage. Thus, the language of the English-speaking migrants in America has been developed due to historical conditions, adapted to the existing living environment and new life realities. On the other hand, the formation of this independent language was also reflected in the purposeful policy of the newly formed US state. Thus, the original British words were modified and acquired a fundamentally new meaning. Another point here was that the British acharism, which had long been out of use, gained a new breath and actively entered the speech circulation in the United States. Thus, the analysis shows that the American version of the British language has specific features. It was formed and developed as a result of colonization and expansion. This development is still ongoing and is one of the languages of millions of US states and people, as well as audiences of millions of people. Keywords: American English, English, linguistics, accent.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Britit"
1
KUZMINA, K. PENETRATION OF BRITAIN INTO THE MEDITERRANIAN: AIMS AND STRENGTHENING OF POSITIONS (18TH-19TH CENTURIES). Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2022-14-2-2-127-138.
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The article considers the progress and strengthening of British military and political cooperation in a priority region of the British international policy, namely, in the Mediterranean. The success of the active international policy manifested itself in a considerable growth of British influence in the Mediterranean lost after World War II which has not been fully restored till today. The present British government with Boris Johnson at the head, accentuating the global part of Britain, is trying to change the situation into its favour. In the latter context, a complete understanding of present moment’s peculiarities depends on the scientific interest posed by the historical aspect of the British presence in the Mediterranean and the degree of its influence on the present-day policy of Britain in the region.
2
Kelsey, Tom. When Missions Fail: Lessons in ‘High Technology’ From Post-War Britain. Blavatnik School of Government, grudzień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp_2023/056.
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The idea that national security and economic prosperity stem from being at the technological frontier (‘techno-nationalism’) is once again a dominant feature of global politics. The post-war United States has emerged as the key model in these discussions, with the ‘moonshot’ seen as an outstanding example of how to direct state resources towards technological breakthroughs, while the capacity of the American government is praised more generally for its ability to sponsor ground-breaking technology. This paper, however, suggests that the United States was the exception, not the rule, and that the failures of post-war Britain highlight the limitations of ‘techno-nationalism’ with vivid clarity. During the 1950s and 1960s, the British state took long-term bets on securing a leading role in the world’s technological future, specifically in the areas of supersonic flight via Concorde and nuclear power generation. The result, however, was not export glory but industrial calamity. These long-running programmes were eventually cut back in the 1970s, when it became accepted in Whitehall that Britain should no longer try to be the Science and Tech Superpower, attempting to leapfrog the United States to technological glory. Understanding this trajectory in Britain dislodges the sense that focusing on emerging technology and the long term is a silver bullet in policymaking. We must appreciate that the realities of technological power matter, and grasp that the post-war US was an unrepresentative case: no country today will have the relative level of industrial and technological might that it enjoyed at that time. While my arguments will resonate in other national contexts, my focus is on ensuring that any strategy for ‘high technology’ in the UK today continues to learn the lessons from the errors of the post-war period. It must be wary of expert capture within the state. It must also think about industrial strategy in an integrated way, across national security, economics, and foreign policy, with a policymaking machinery set up to deal with this level of complexity. Moreover, despite the attention afforded to national state funding, the UK should continue to see forging alliances as essential alongside working with international business and be clear-eyed about where it does and does not need to sustain national capabilities.
3
Timko, Joleen A., Stefania Pizzirani, Robert A. Kozak i Gary Bull. Exploring First Nation-held Forest Tenures and Community Forest Enterprises in British Columbia. Rights and Resources initiative, grudzień 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/igap7817.
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The purpose of this report is to situate existing knowledge on First Nation-held forestry tenures and community forest enterprises (CFEs) in British Columbia, Canada within a broader discussion about Indigenous and non-Indigenous community forests in Canada. This report provides 1) A brief characterization of Indigenous forestry partnerships across Canada; 2) A description of the two most common First Nation-held forest tenures within British Columbia: the First Nations Woodland License and the community forest agreement; 3) An assessment of challenges and constraints facing First Nation-led CFEs in British Columbia; 4) An assessment of key enabling conditions in First Nation-led CFEs in British Columbia; and 5) Recommendations to enable Indigenous communities, policymakers, the private sector, and supporting institutions to strengthen the business proposition of Indigenous-led CFEs in British Columbia and elsewhere in Canada.
4
Tymoshyk, Mykola. LONDON MAGAZINE «LIBERATION WAY» AND ITS PLACE IN THE HISTORY OF UKRAINIAN JOURNALISM ABROAD. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11057.
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One of the leading Western Ukrainian diaspora journals – London «Liberation Way», founded in January 1949, has become the subject of the study for the first time in journalism. Archival documents and materials of the Ukrainian Publishing Union in London and the British National Library (British Library) were also observed. The peculiarities of the magazine’s formation and the specifics of the editorial policy, founders and publishers are clarified. A group of OUN members who survived Hitler’s concentration camps and ended up in Great Britain after the end of World War II initiated the foundation of the magazine. Until April 1951, including issue 42, the Board of Foreign Parts of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists were the publishers of the magazine. From 1951 to the beginning of 2000 it was a socio-political monthly of the Ukrainian Publishing Union. From the mid-60’s of the twentieth century – a socio-political and scientific-literary monthly. In analyzing the programmatic principles of the magazine, the most acute issues of the Ukrainian national liberation movement, which have long separated the forces of Ukrainian emigration and from which the founders and publishers of the magazine from the beginning had clearly defined positions, namely: ideology of Ukrainian nationalism, the idea of unity of Ukraine and Ukrainians, internal inter-party struggle among Ukrainian emigrants have been singled out. The review and systematization of the thematic palette of the magazine’s publications makes it possible to distinguish the following main semantic accents: the formation of the nationalist movement in exile; historical Ukrainian themes; the situation in sub-Soviet Ukraine; the problem of the unity of Ukrainians in the Western diaspora; mission and tasks of Ukrainian emigration in the context of its responsibilities to the Motherland. It also particularizes the peculiarities of the formation of the author’s assets of the magazine and its place in the history of Ukrainian national journalism.
5
Webb, Steven. Poverty dynamics in Great Britain: preliminary results for the British household panel survey. Institute for Fiscal Studies, maj 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/co.ifs.1995.0048.
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Blakeley, John. Development of Engineering Qualifications in New Zealand: A Brief History. Unitec ePress, luty 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.027.
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Post 1840, New Zealand’s early engineers had mainly trained in Britain prior to emigrating. The need for educating and training young engineers was soon recognised. This was initially done by means of a young engineer working under the close supervision of an older, experienced engineer, usually in a cadetship arrangement. Correspondence courses from the British engineering institutions became available from 1897. Several technical colleges in New Zealand implemented night classes to assist students who were preparing for the associated examinations. The first School of Engineering was established at Canterbury University College in 1887. Teaching of engineering, initially within a School of Mines, commenced at Auckland University College in 1906. Engineering degrees did not become available from other universities in New Zealand until the late 1960s. The New Zealand Certificate in Engineering (NZCE) was introduced as a lower level of engineering qualification in the late 1950s and was replaced by a variety of two-year Diploma in Engineering qualifications from 2000, now consolidated together and known as the New Zealand Diploma in Engineering (NZDE) and taught at fifteen institutions throughout New Zealand from 2011. At an intermediate level, the three-year Bachelor of Engineering Technology degree qualification (BEngTech) was also introduced from 2000 and is now taught at seven institutes of technology and polytechnics, and the Auckland University of Technology.
7
Wakefield, Matthew. Is middle Britain middle-income Britain? Institute for Fiscal Studies, wrzesień 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/bn.ifs.2003.0038.
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Hudson, Andrew, Andy Axon, Amelia Stoneley, Catherine Kane, Emma French Lauren Adams, Lucy Smythe i Pamela Iheozor-Ejiofo. Honey Risk Profile. Food Standards Agency, lipiec 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.fjl846.
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Editors, Intersections. Bridging Voices to Deepen Religious Engagement. Intersections, Social Science Research Council, kwiecień 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35650/int.4063.d.2024.
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This article describes the efforts of the British Council to build networks connecting scholars and policymakers from the US, UK, and Europe with a shared interest in religion and international affairs.
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Fernández-Armesto, Felipe. Amerigo and America? Inter-American Development Bank, kwiecień 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007957.
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Felipe Fernández-Armesto (1950-), distinguished British scholar of global environmental history, comparative colonial history, topics in Spanish and maritime history and the history of cartography; Principe de Asturias Chair at Tufts University.