Gotowa bibliografia na temat „British Sailors Society”

Abstract As modern fad diets and chronic illnesses have led to a re-emergence in the presentation of scurvy to dermatology services, we aimed to review the original cohort of patients that gave this condition notoriety – sailors. Scurvy is a disease process secondary to vitamin C deficiency. It has a number of dermatological manifestations, including petechiae, perifollicular haemorrhage, bruising and gingivitis. These presentations occur as vitamin C (ascorbic acid) plays a fundamental role in collagen synthesis. When this process is defective, impaired wound healing is seen. This condition became synonymous with the British and European sailing community during the age of exploration, and it is estimated that 2 million sailors died as a result between the 16th and 18th centuries alone. As ascorbic acid is not naturally produced by humans, we are reliant on external sources of vitamin C to replenish stores. Key sources of vitamin C include fresh fruit and vegetables, such as citrus fruits, spinach, potatoes, berries and tomatoes. Given that there were generally only nonperishable foods available on board these sailing ships, thousands of sailors fell victim to scurvy. James Lind played a notable role in the discovery of vitamin C as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of scurvy and is credited with being the father of the modern-day clinical trial as we know it. The first authenticated example of a therapeutic experiment with controls appears to have been James Lind’s trial in 1747 of the value of citrus fruits in treating scurvy in sailors. (Thomas DP. Sailors, scurvy and science. J R Soc Med 1997; 90: 50–4). Captain James Cook, the eminent sailor, was also one of the first to establish that the provision of fresh vegetables on board could prevent scurvy from developing while on long voyages of exploration. Even in the most severe and end-stage cases of scurvy, it was discovered that the disease process could be reversed with sufficient vitamin C supplementation. While this condition is often considered to be a historical disease, having once been referred to as the ‘plague of the seas’, it is one that dermatologists should continue to be cognizant of when treating patients in modern society.

AbstractDespite the well-established historiography examining the South African war's impact upon British society, little attention has been paid to the plight of British soldiers’ families or to the charitable efforts mobilized to maintain them in the absence of adequate state support. This article, focusing on the key charity in the field, the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Families Association (SSFA), examines the SSFA's wartime policies and considers how the Association's actions influenced subsequent state policy-making. It explores the motivations and attitudes of its middle-class, mostly female, volunteers, on whose sustained commitment the work of the SSFA depended. In analysing the sources of the SSFA's funding, it considers how class and regionality shaped public giving to patriotic philanthropy. Finally, it investigates how perceptions of soldiers’ wives and mechanisms for their support in the First World War were affected by the South African war experience. Overall, the article aims both to demonstrate the importance of philanthropic aid to soldiers’ families in understanding the domestic impact of this imperial war, and to trace the longer-term effects on the development of policies towards servicemen's dependants.

On a sunny June weekend in 1985, the sparkling waters of Georgian Bay off Midland, Ontario, were full as usual of powerboats and sailing yachts, coursing the waters of one of the finest boating venues in Canada. Cleaving through the middle of their clustered white fibreglass hulls was a dark little wooden schooner of early-nineteenth-century rig, its tan canvas heeling it over in a fresh breeze as it tacked in incongruous Georgian dignity through the wakes of thundering “cigarette boats” and gleaming sailing machines. The schooner was HMS Bee, a replica of a British naval supply schooner of the year 1817, maintained at a nearby historic site by the Province of Ontario. Crewing it were men and women in the quaint, anachronistic garb of Regency-era sailors, as different in their canvas duck trousers, billowy shirts and sensible straw hats from the bikini-clad passengers of the hurtling powerboats as it is possible to imagine. The Bee’s crew were the first members of a newly formed society of historical re-enactors with the ponderous title of “Ship’s Company and Landing Party, His Britannic Majesty’s Ship Royal George.” They were another manifestation of a distinctly North American and European phenomenon: the hobbyists who seek to recreate historical times by placing themselves within those times as accurately costumed and equipped participants.

Abstract This article discusses the electoral position of the British Army and Royal Navy during the period between the Third Reform Act and the outbreak of war in 1914, offering a ‘bottom up’ perspective on the history of civil–military relations. Drawing heavily from contemporary newspapers and electoral registers, it shows that in a number of constituencies soldiers and sailors held significant voting influence. Because soldiers were assumed to be natural Conservatives, the struggle between Tory and Liberal election agents over their registration sheds light on the nature of local party politics during this time, as well as the practical operation of what was a complex and unsympathetic electoral system. More broadly, it offers a case-study in ‘positive Unionism’, which challenges the view of the Conservative Party as an unbending opponent of franchise reform and, similarly, sheds light on the less democratic side of the Liberal Party. In terms of the armed forces themselves, the article argues that while the Army harboured a strong Unionist identity, the Navy was much less partisan in its voting habits; Irish soldiers proved themselves Liberal in sympathies. Overall, the article provides a fresh perspective on the position of the Army and Navy in British society during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and, in its conclusion, adds context to the 1918 Representation of the People Act.

Автор статьи предпринимает попытку обнаружить истоки ассоциации саамов с мифологическими персонажами в британской культуре XII-XIX вв. и останавливается на двух важных этапах развития этих представлений. Во время первого этапа появились предпосылки для формирования образа саамов как ведьм, что было зафиксировано в шекспировской «Комедии ошибок». Утверждается, что этот образ был основан на традиционных письменных источниках, научной демонологии, народных верованиях оркнейцев и шетландцев и связан с расширением контактов британцев со скандинавскими моряками и, вероятно, самими саамами. Второй этап - изменение образа саамов ко времени сэра Вальтера Скотта. Рационализация народных верований в эпоху Просвещения, общей целью которой было объяснить само происхождение народной мифологии, привела к объединению саамов с абстрактными мифологическими персонажами. Эта эвгемеристическая интерпретация, также соотносившая пиктов с мифологическими персонажами пехами и пикси, процветала в викторианской фольклористике, пока не подверглась резкой критике со стороны Эдварда Тайлора и других ведущих фольклористов. In this article, the attempt is made to distinguish the origins of the association of the Sámi people with the mythological characters in British culture of 12th - 19th centuries, and to dwell on two important stages. First are the premises for the formation of the Sámi image as witches, which was expressed in the Shakespearean “Comedy of Errors.” It is argued that the image was founded on the traditional written sources, the rise of scholarly demonology, the folk-beliefs of Orcadians and Shetlanders, the increased contacts with Scandinavian sailors and probably with the Sámi themselves. The second stage is the change of the Sámi image by the time of Sir Walter Scott. The rationalization of folk beliefs in the Age of Enlightenment led to association of the Sámi with the abstract mythological characters whose general purpose was to explain the very genesis of popular mythology. This euhemeristic interpretation which also included Picts, Pechs and Pixies flourished in Victorian folk studies until it was highly criticized by Edward Tylor and other members of the Folk-Lore Society.

Bill Strang was a dedicated aerospace engineer of great integrity and much respected by all who came into contact with him. He was Technical Director of the Commercial Aircraft Division of British Aerospace until he retired in 1983 to become Chairman of the Airworthiness Requirements Board. All his postgraduate career was spent in the British aerospace industry, mostly at Filton near Bristol, except for a brief spell in the Aeronautical Research Laboratory, Melbourne, Australia, from 1948 to 1951. Dr Strang made the biggest industrial contribution to the aerodynamic design of Concorde and in 1977 was elected a Fellow of The Royal Society as a result; he served on several of the Society's committees from 1977 until 1989. From 1983 until 1990 he was Chairman of the Civil Aviation Airworthiness Requirements Board. He was also a keen sailor and became a Coastal Skipper with The Island Cruising Club at Salcombe before qualifying for his Master's Ticket with the Royal Yachting Association. He loved the countryside and walking. He was awarded a C.B.E. in 1973 and in 1997 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering. The Royal Aeronautical Society awarded him the Silver Medal in 1971 and the Gold Medal in 1973. In his later years he suffered from a heart problem that was the cause of his death in 1999.

In order to understand the unique reception of ancient Assyria in nineteenth-century America, it is necessary to describe the British public's own reception of the earliest British Museum exhibits, together with the marketing of publications of Layard and others. And, in order to grasp something of both Britain's and America's keen fascination with the earliest images of Assyria, I must introduce you briefly to the changing perceptions and tastes in admissible historical representation that, I believe, drove this fascination.The British public's breathless enthusiasm for the monuments from Bible lands had radical origins in English soil. Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century antiquarians surveyed, sketched and wove theories about the prehistoric relics that dot the English landscape, occasionally linking them with a mythical Christian past. William Stukeley, for example, student and first biographer of Sir Isaac Newton, made something of a career out of surveying Avebury and Stonehenge, in an early eighteenth-century quest for evidence that could link the Britons of Celtic fame with the peoples and the received timeline of the Bible. By the early nineteenth century, the Gothic Revival movement had begun in earnest. Its proponents saw this project as a moral mainstay in the revitalization of English society and culture. English prehistoric and medieval monuments would be measured, drawn, catalogued, published, and ultimately by so doing, laid at the feet of the British public. The Napoleonic wars accelerated this movement, for Continental sightseeing was impossible, so the classic Grand Tour evaporated down to an insular walking tour. This of course fuelled the sense of British national destiny:Works on topography… tend to make us better acquainte d with every thing which exists in our native land, and are therefore conducive to the progress of real knowledge, to the diffusion of rational patriotism, and to virtuous sentiments and propensities …

On the afternoon of 14th April 1987, the Society held a half-day symposium on wing-tip flows and devices. Papers were presented by J. J. Spillman of Cranfield Institute of Technology on wing-tip sails, by A. C. Willmer of British Aerospace (in association with R. V. Barrett and J. D. Coleman of Bristol University) on the tip flow of part-span flaps, and by H. P. Horton of Queen Mary College on measurements in the viscous flow regions of streamlined tips. Written versions of two of these talks and a synopsis of the third* have been prepared and are being printed in the Journal following these introductory remarks. The contribution by J. S. Smith of RAE to the discussion session is appearing elsewhere.

En 1748, la Sala de Vizcaya inició un proceso contra Francisco Guerrero, un joven marinero malagueño que portaba un arma blanca. Su proceso judicial revela que el acusado había sido preso por un corso inglés, hecho prisionero en Irlanda, y que tenía pendiente un juicio por reiterado abuso del “pecado nefando” con otros prisioneros. La causa contra Guerrero invita a reconocer la problemática competencia jurisdiccional de los presos, comparar diferencias y similitudes entre el sistema penitencial español y británico, al tiempo que se pretende comprender las dinámicas de comportamiento jerárquico-sexual del universo carcelario. Palabras Claves: Pecado nefando, Prisión, Jerarquías sexuales, Justicia ordinariaTopónimos: Portugalete y KinsalePeriodo: Siglo XVIII ABSTRACT:In 1749, the Court of Vizcaya initiated a process against Francisco Guerrero, a young sailor from Malaga who carried a knife. His judicial process reveals that the accused had been captured by an English Corsair and imprisoned in Ireland. He was also awaiting trial for repeated abuse of "nefarious sin" with other prisoners. The case against Guerrero invites us to acknowledge the problem of jurisdictional competence in relation to prisoners and compare differences and similarities between the Spanish and British penitential systems, while trying to understand the dynamics of hierarchical-sexual behaviour in the prison environment. Key Words: Nefarious Sin, Prison, Sexual Hierarchies, Ordinary JusticePlace names: Portugalete and KinsalePeriod: 18th Century REFERENCIASArmada Naval (1793), Ordenanzas Generales de la Armada Naval. Madrid, Joaquín Ibarra. Tomo II.Berco, C. (2007), Sexual Hierarchies, Public Status. Men, Sodomy, and Society in Spain’s Golden Age, Toronto, University of Toronto Press.Berní y Català, J. 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This chapter examines Volkhovskii’s life from the 1905 Revolution down until his death in 1914. Volkhovskii returned to Russia in the summer of 1906, although he spent most of his time in Finland, in large part to escape unwelcome attention from the authorities. Volkhovskii quickly became a leading figure in producing propaganda aimed at soldiers and sailors, editing the journal Soldatskaia gazeta, (Soldiers Gazette) as well as writing articles and pamphlets on military affairs. He continued to focus on producing propaganda material following his return to Britain in 1907, editing the journal Za narod, as well as attending meetings of the Second International which discussed how to mobilise the working class across Europe against the nationalistic policies pursued by their governments. Volkhovskii once again edited Free Russia following his return, as well as taking part in activities hosted by the Society of Friends of Russia, although he was less active than he had been in the 1890s. The campaign against the tsarist government in Britain had also changed in character, increasingly drawing its support from the left of the political spectrum, rather than the Liberal nonconformist milieu that had previously been dominant. Volkhovskii found it increasingly difficult to justify terrorism to a sceptical British audience during these years, not least as revolutionaries from the Russian Empire were involved in violent activities in London, although he continued to argue that it was the brutality of the tsarist government that radicalised its opponents. Volkhovskii died in early August 1914, two days before Britain declared war on Germany.

This chapter recounts the responses of Ireland’s MPs and peers in the British Houses of Parliament between 1853 and 1856; a period when there was no nationalist party that opposed the war. It will be shown that during the conflict Irish MPs and peers were largely indistinguishable from their British colleagues and counterparts. This chapter will show that the holders of Irish seats were largely absent from the ranks of the Conservative rebels and they did not participate in the goading and divisive tactics of Benjamin Disraeli, but also that Irish Liberals were absent from the anti-war and often anti-ministerial section of the Liberal benches. Irish members also responded to a number of distinctly Irish issues, and although they never moulded imperial issues into Irish ones, they did use the perceived valour and actual participation of Irish soldiers and sailors in the war to defend other distinctly Irish interests. It will be seen that the war represents a distinct period in Ireland’s parliamentary relationship with the British Empire, during which Irish members supported its defence and its interests in what they saw as a just and necessary war.

Hong Kong is an international city, located in Southern China. It used to be a British colony before 1997. While the British arrived in Hong Kong and developed it as an important seaport in the far East, Islam was believed to have spread in Hong Kong with the arrival of South Asian sailors and soldiers. Islam is not a strange religion to the Hong Kong people; it can be seen in their daily life. In Hong Kong, every people enjoys the right to practice their religion in daily life. However, due to the population structure and cultural homogeneity, people are not really familiar with Islam. Due to the negative footage in the past and an inadequate understanding of Islam, non-Muslims in Hong Kong misunderstood Muslims and caused unnecessary conflicts. The chapter aims to analyze the role of Masjid Kowloon in maintaining religious function and promoting social harmony. The chapter will use historical analysis and textual analysis to show that coexistence culture is possible in the real world, together with the analysis of prerequisites to achieving a harmonic coexistence culture in society.