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Marino, Natascia, Rana German, Nakshatri Harikrishna, Ram Podicheti, Ashley Vode, Jun Liu, Jie Huang, Douglas B. Rusch, Sha Cao i Anna Maria Storniolo. "Epigenetic control of breast cancer susceptibility." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, nr 15_suppl (20.05.2020): 1560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.1560.
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1560 Background: Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation are important regulators of gene expression and are frequently dysregulated early in breast carcinogenesis. The relationship between DNA methylation aberrations in normal breast tissue and breast cancer risk remains unclear. Methods: Disease-free breast tissue cores donated by 71 high-risk (Tyrer-Cuzick lifetime risk ≥20%) and 79 average-risk women were obtained from the Komen Tissue Bank and processed for whole methylome (Diagenode's MethylCap Library and single-end 75-bp sequencing on Illumina Nextseq) and whole transcriptome (Illumina Nextseq) profiling. Reads from RNA-seq data were aligned to the human genome reference, GRCh38.p12 using STAR v.2.5.2b and tested for differential gene expression using DESeq2 ver. 1.24.0. For DNA methylation data, difference of variation in deduplicated read coverage among 250-bp fixed sized bins spanning CpG islands between high- and average-risk libraries was computed as z-ratios to identify differentially methylated regions. Pathway analysis was performed using IPA v06_01. Results: We identified 1355 CpGs that were differentially methylated between high- and average-risk breast tissues (ΔZ > 0.5, FDR < 0.05). Hypomethylated CpGs were overrepresented in high-risk tissue and were found predominantly (68%) in non-coding regions. Hypermethylated CpG sites were found equally in the gene body and non-coding regions. Transcriptomic analysis identified 112 differentially expressed genes (fold change≥2, FDR < 0.05), involved in chemokines signaling, metabolism and estrogen biosynthesis. Among those, FAM83A (logfc = 2.3, FDR = 0.004) was previously described as epigenetically dysregulated in multiple cancers and transforms breast epithelial cell in vitro. Methylation-expression correlations revealed 11 epigenetically regulated genes including cellular transformation-associated BMPR1B. Two hypomethylated/upregulated long non-coding RNAs were also identified in high-risk breasts. Conclusions: This is the first gene expression/DNA methylation analysis of normal breasts from women at either high or average risk of breast cancer. Our discovery of epigenetically regulated genes associated with breast cancer risk provides an opportunity to mechanistically dissect breast cancer susceptibility and risk-associated molecular alterations. Unlike the current focus of identifying germline mutations or single nucleotide polymorphisms responsible for higher risk, our studies reveal an epigenetic mechanism, which is not discernable through simple genomic sequencing.
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Mendonça, Gulnar Azevedo S., i José Eluf-Neto. "Hospital visitors as controls in case-control studies". Revista de Saúde Pública 35, nr 5 (październik 2001): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102001000500005.
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OBJECTIVE: Selecting controls is one of the most difficult tasks in the design of case-control studies. Hospital controls may be inadequate and random controls drawn from the base population may be unavailable. The aim was to assess the use of hospital visitors as controls in a case-control study on the association of organochlorinated compounds and other risk factors for breast cancer conducted in the main hospital of the "Instituto Nacional de Câncer" -- INCA (National Cancer Institute) in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). METHODS: The study included 177 incident cases and 377 controls recruited among female visitors. Three different models of control group composition were compared: Model 1, with all selected visitors; Model 2, excluding women visiting relatives with breast cancer; and Model 3, excluding all women visiting relatives with any type of cancer. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to test the associations. RESULTS: Age-adjusted OR for breast cancer associated with risk factors other than family history of cancer, except smoking and breast size, were similar in the three models. Regarding family history of all cancers, except for breast cancer, there was a decreased risk in Models 1 and 2, while in Model 3 there was an increased risk, but not statistically significant. Family history of breast cancer was a risk factor in Models 2 and 3, but no association was found in Model 1. In multivariate analysis a significant risk of breast cancer was found when there was a family history of breast cancer in Models 2 and 3 but not in Model 1. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that while investigating risk factors unrelated to family history of cancer, the use of hospital visitors as controls may be a valid and feasible alternative.
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Vega Avalos, Jorge Hermilo, Luis Enrique Hernández, Laura Yareni Zuñiga, María Guadalupe Sánchez-Parada, Ana Elizabeth González Santiago, Luis Miguel Román Pintos, Rolando Castañeda Arellano i in. "Mitochondrial Control Region Variants Related to Breast Cancer". Genes 13, nr 11 (27.10.2022): 1962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13111962.
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Breast cancer has an important incidence in the worldwide female population. Although alterations in the mitochondrial genome probably play an important role in carcinogenesis, the actual evidence is ambiguous and inconclusive. Our purpose was to explore differences in mitochondrial sequences of cases with breast cancer compared with control samples from different origins. We identified 124 mtDNA sequences associated with breast cancer cases, of which 86 were complete and 38 were partial sequences. Of these 86 complete sequences, 52 belonged to patients with a confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer, and 34 sequences were obtained from healthy mammary tissue of the same patients used as controls. From the mtDNA analysis, two polymorphisms with significant statistical differences were found: m.310del (rs869289246) in 34.6% (27/78) of breast cancer cases and 61.7% (21/34) in the controls; and m.315dup (rs369786048) in 60.2% (47/78) of breast cancer cases and 38.2% (13/34) in the controls. In addition, the variant m.16519T>C (rs3937033) was found in 59% of the control sequences and 52% of the breast cancer sequences with a significant statistical difference. Polymorphic changes are evolutionarily related to the haplogroup H of Indo-European and Euro-Asiatic origins; however, they were found in all non-European breast cancers.
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Patterson, Cam, i Sarah Ronnebaum. "Breast cancer quality control". Nature Cell Biology 11, nr 3 (marzec 2009): 239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncb0309-239.
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Dai, Xiaofeng, Rong Ma, Xijiang Zhao i Fengfeng Zhou. "Epigenetic profiles capturing breast cancer stemness for triple negative breast cancer control". Epigenomics 11, nr 16 (grudzień 2019): 1811–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/epi-2019-0266.
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Aim: Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) contain a higher percentage of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) than the other subtypes and lack effective yet safe-targeted therapies. We would like to unveil genes relevant to the therapeutic control of breast cancer stemness at the epigenetic level. Methods: We sequenced the transcriptome of BCSCs isolated from TNBCs, identified genes differentially expressed in these cells and subjected to DNA methylation and established the Bayesian network as well as interactions out of them. Results & conclusion: We presented a core epigenetic BCSC gene panel consisting of eight genes that can be used for BCSCs and TNBCs identification, and revealed the dominant roles of FOXA1 and GATA3 in orchestrating breast cancer heterogeneity and stemness.
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Kaushal, Arjita. "Breast Cancer in Women, Signs and Treatment Approaches". NewBioWorld 2, nr 1 (10.01.2020): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52228/nbw-jaab.2020-2-1-5.
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Cancer starts when cells start to grow out of control. Here we talk about breast cancer which starts in the breast hence the name. It is the second most common cause of death of cancer among women all over the world. Occur mostly in women but also in men. 5-10% of breast cancers are directly linked to generational mutations, parts of the breast that start breast cancer, such as lobules, ducts, and nipples. There are many types of treatment they have their pros and cons. Some tests that examine the breasts are used to diagnose breast cancer, like physical examination and health history, clinical breast exam, and mammogram, for treatment surgeries, therapies, etc. Treatment is recommended based on stages: stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, and stage 4.
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Mettlin, Curtis. "Breast cancer risk factors. Contributions to planning breast cancer control". Cancer 69, S7 (1.04.1992): 1904–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19920401)69:7+<1904::aid-cncr2820691705>3.0.co;2-a.
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Boyages, John. "Interview: Breast cancer: taking control". Breast Cancer Management 2, nr 2 (marzec 2013): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/bmt.13.8.
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McGuire, William L., Kathleen M. Foley, Michael H. Levy i C. Kent Osborne. "Pain control in breast cancer". Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 13, nr 1 (styczeń 1989): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01806545.
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Zujewski, Jo Anne, Allison L. Dvaladze, Andre Ilbawi, Benjamin O. Anderson, Silvana Luciani, Lisa Stevens i Julie Torode. "Knowledge Summaries for Comprehensive Breast Cancer Control". Journal of Global Oncology, nr 4 (grudzień 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.17.00141.
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Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, affecting > 1.6 million women each year, projected to increase to 2.2 million cases annually by 2025. A disproportionate number of the > 500,000 women who die as a result of breast cancer each year reside in low-resource settings. Breast cancer control is an important component of cancer control planning and women’s health programs, and tools are needed across the care continuum to reduce the cancer burden, especially in low-resource settings. Cancer control planning is complex and multifaceted. Evidence shows that outcomes are improved when prevention, early diagnosis, treatment, and palliation are integrated and synchronously developed within a country/region’s health plan. The Knowledge Summaries for Comprehensive Breast Cancer Control are the product of a multiyear collaboration led by the Union for International Cancer Control, Breast Health Global Initiative, Pan American Health Organization, and Center for Global Health of the US National Cancer Institute. Fourteen knowledge summaries distilled from evidence-based, resource-stratified guidelines, and aligned with WHO guidance on breast cancer control, build a framework for resource prioritization pathways and delivery systems for breast cancer control at four levels of available resources: basic, limited, enhanced, and maximal. Each summary contains relevant content to inform breast cancer policy, clinical care, and advocacy, aiding in the development and implementation of policies and programs. These tools provide a common platform for stakeholders, including policymakers, administrators, clinicians, and advocates to engage in decision making appropriate to their local setting. The goal is to facilitate evidence-based policy actions and urgently advance implementation of an integrated approach to reduce breast cancer mortality and improve quality of life.
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Fernández, Ángel, i Aldo Reigosa. "Hereditary Breast Cancer". Cancer Plus 2, nr 1 (18.03.2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/cp.v2i1.341.
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Breast cancer occurs when breast cells grow out of control because they escape the fine controls that regulate cell multiplication, resulting in cell proliferation unresponsive to regulation. Most cases of breast cancer have no identifiable cause, but approximately 5% to 10% are caused by inherited genetic mutations. Although other genes are known to cause hereditary breast cancer, most studies evaluating clinical management strategies have focused on women with mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 (Breast Cancer) genes. People with these mutations have a significantly increased lifetime risk of cancer compared to the general population.
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Li, Na, Simone McInerny, Magnus Zethoven, Dane Cheasley, Belle W. X. Lim, Simone M. Rowley, Lisa Devereux i in. "Combined Tumor Sequencing and Case-Control Analyses of RAD51C in Breast Cancer". JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute 111, nr 12 (5.04.2019): 1332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djz045.
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Abstract Background Loss-of-function variants in RAD51C are associated with familial ovarian cancer, but its role in hereditary breast cancer remains unclear. The aim of this study was to couple breast tumor sequencing with case-control data to clarify the contribution of RAD51C to hereditary breast cancer. Methods RAD51C was sequenced in 3080 breast cancer index cases that were negative in BRCA1/2 clinical tests and 4840 population-matched cancer-free controls. Pedigree and pathology data were analyzed. Nine breast cancers and one ovarian cancer from RAD51C variant carriers were sequenced to identify biallelic inactivation of RAD51C, copy number variation, mutational signatures, and the spectrum of somatic mutations in breast cancer driver genes. The promoter of RAD51C was analyzed for DNA methylation. Results A statistically significant excess of loss-of-function variants was identified in 3080 cases (0.4%) compared with 2 among 4840 controls (0.04%; odds ratio = 8.67, 95% confidence interval = 1.89 to 80.52, P< .001), with more than half of the carriers having no personal or family history of ovarian cancer. In addition, the association was highly statistically significant among cases with estrogen-negative (P <. 001) or triple-negative cancer (P < .001), but not in estrogen-positive cases. Tumor sequencing from carriers confirmed bi-allelic inactivation in all the triple-negative cases and was associated with high homologous recombination deficiency scores and mutational signature 3 indicating homologous recombination repair deficiency. Conclusions This study provides evidence that germline loss-of-function variants of RAD51C are associated with hereditary breast cancer, particularly triple-negative type. RAD51C-null breast cancers possess similar genomic and clinical features to BRCA1-null cancers and may also be vulnerable to DNA double-strand break inducing chemotherapies and poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors.
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Cabanes, Anna, Sharon Kapambwe, Susan Citonje-Msadabwe, Groesbeck P. Parham, Kennedy Lishimpi, Tauane A. Cruz i Surendra Shastri. "Challenges, Opportunities, and Priorities for Advancing Breast Cancer Control in Zambia: A Consultative Meeting on Breast Cancer Control". Journal of Global Oncology, nr 5 (grudzień 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.00222.
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In 2016, the Zambian government made cancer control a national priority and released a National Cancer Control Strategic Plan for 2016 to 2021, which focuses on malignancies of the breast, cervix, and prostate, and retinoblastoma. The plan calls for a collective reduction in the cancer burden by 50%. In support of this vision, Susan G. Komen sponsored a consultative meeting in Lusaka, Zambia, in September 2017 to bring together the country’s main breast cancer stakeholders and identify opportunities to improve breast cancer control. The recommendations generated during the discussions are presented. There was general agreement that the first step toward breast cancer mortality reduction should consist of implementation of early detection service platforms focused on women who are symptomatic. Participants also agreed that the management of all components of the national breast cancer control program should be integrated and led by the Ministry of Health. As much as possible, early detection and treatment services presently offered by the Cervical Cancer Prevention Program of Zambia and Cancer Diseases Hospital should be leveraged. Efforts are under way through multiple stakeholders to implement the following recommendations: development of national guidelines for the early diagnosis of breast cancer, training of breast surgeons, implementation of early detection and surgical treatment service platforms at the district-hospital level, and epidemiologic research, including the improvement of electronic recording mechanisms.
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Karlin, N. J., I. Chopra, J. Mirocha i N. Feldman. "An association between thyroid disease and breast cancer". Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, nr 18_suppl (20.06.2007): 21063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.21063.
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21063 Background: Anecdotal studies and isolated case reports have observed an association of thyroid disease and breast cancer. This purported association remains controversial. We describe a retrospective case-control study on the prevalence of breast cancer in patients with abnormal thyroid function studies. Age-matched subjects served as controls. Methods: We reviewed 6211 cases of abnormal TSH values between 1/04 and 12/05 and determined the number of cases with breast cancer. We compared those data to 3,151 control subjects with normal TSH seen during the same period. We excluded patients with thyroid cancer from the total number of malignancies in both groups because abnormal TSH would be expected to result from its treatment. We also reviewed the ER, PR, her 2 neu status and free thyroxine of patients with breast cancers. Results: Breast cancer rate of 36% of all cancers (37/102) in the abnormal TSH group was significantly higher than that of 18% (14/77) in the normal TSH group. (p = 0.012). Breast cancers in the study group with abnormal thyroid function were more frequently hormone receptor positive (74% vs. 67%) and her 2 neu negative (67% vs. 50%). Conclusions: The data suggest that there is an increased rate of breast cancer in patients with abnormal thyroid function. The trend of hormone receptor positive disease in the abnormal TSH group suggests that the IGF receptor may play an important role in the relationship between thyroid disease and breast cancer. The IGF receptor may be a potential target for therapeutic drug development for breast cancer prevention and management. Further studies are warranted. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Weischer, Maren, Stig Egil Bojesen, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Christen Kirk Axelsson i Børge Grønne Nordestgaard. "Increased Risk of Breast Cancer Associated With CHEK2*1100delC". Journal of Clinical Oncology 26, nr 1 (1.01.2007): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.05.5160.
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Purpose CHEK2*1100delC heterozygosity has been associated with increased risk of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer in case-control studies. We tested the hypothesis that CHEK2*1100delC heterozygosity in the general population increases the risk of cancer in general, and breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer in particular. Patients and Methods We performed a prospective study of 9,231 individuals from the Danish general population, who were observed for 34 years, and we performed a case-control study including 1,101 cases of breast cancer and 4,665 controls. Results Of the general population, 0.5% were heterozygotes and 99.5% were noncarriers. In the prospective study, multifactorially adjusted hazard ratios by CHEK2*1100delC heterozygosity versus noncarriers were 1.2 (95% CI, 0.7 to 2.1) for all cancers, 3.2 (95% CI, 1.0 to 9.9) for breast cancer, 2.3 (95% CI, 0.6 to 9.5) for prostate cancer, and 1.6 (95% CI, 0.4 to 6.5) for colorectal cancer. In the case-control study, age-matched odds ratio for breast cancer by CHEK2*1100delC heterozygosity versus noncarriers was 2.6 (95% CI, 1.3 to 5.4). The absolute 10-year risk of breast cancer in CHEK2*1100delC heterozygotes amounted to 24% in women older than 60 years undergoing hormone replacement therapy, with a body mass index of 25 kg/m2 or higher. Conclusion CHEK2*1100delC heterozygosity is associated with a three-fold risk of breast cancer in women in the general population.
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Adham, Davoud, i Eslam Moradi-Asl, Malek Abazari. "The study of Effective Factors on Breast Cancer in Ardabil". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, nr 7 (30.07.2021): 1991–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211571991.
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Background: The prevalence of breast cancer is about one third of all cancers in women constitute the second most common cancer after lung cancer and the most common cause of cancer death among women. Because of high prevalence, study of effective factors on breast cancer in Ardabil area is a very important. Method: In this case-control study, 100 women were selected from the breast cancer clinic that referred to hospitals in the Ardabil city in 2014 year. In addition, 100 healthy women were that referred to health centers in Ardabil city, selected for cluster and were considered as the control group. For statistical analysis and investigation of the influencing factors on breast cancer used to classification tree models. Results: The analyses indicated that, 83 women from case group and 80 women from control group were married. The most common age for patients whit breast cancer was 15-49 years old with average 32/8 year and (SD= 8.3).40% of women whit breast cancer were less than 30 years. None of the women did not have breast secretions in the control groups but 43 women in case groups have breast secretions. Conclusion: The identification of risk factors in this study can be programmed to prevent and control breast cancer. Keywords: Cancer, Breast, Ardabil
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Wu, Wen-Pei, Chih-Yu Chen, Chih-Wei Lee, Hwa-Koon Wu, Shou-Tung Chen, Yu-Ting Wu, Ying-Jen Lin, Dar-Ren Chen, Shou-Jen Kuo i Hung-Wen Lai. "Impact of pre-operative breast magnetic resonance imaging on contralateral synchronous and metachronous breast cancer detection—A case control comparison study with 1468 primary operable breast cancer patients with mean follow-up of 102 months". PLOS ONE 16, nr 11 (18.11.2021): e0260093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260093.
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Background Women with unilateral breast cancer are at an increased risk for the development of contralateral breast cancers. We hypothesis that combined breast MRI would detect more contralateral synchronous breast cancer than conventional imaging alone, and resulted in less contralateral metachronous breast cancer during follow-up. Methods We retrospectively collected two groups of breast cancer patients diagnosed from 2009 to 2013 for evaluating the effectiveness and value of adding pre-operative breast MRI to conventional breast images (mammography and sonography) for detection of contralateral synchronous breast cancer. The new metachronous contralateral breast cancer diagnosed during follow-up was prospectively evaluated and compared. Results Group A (n = 733) comprised patients who underwent conventional preoperative imaging and group B (n = 735) combined with MRI were enrolled and compared. Seventy (9.5%) of the group B patients were found to have contralateral lesions detected by breast MRI, and 65.7% of these lesions only visible with MRI. The positive predictive value of breast MRI detected contralateral lesions was 48.8%. With the addition of breast MRI to conventional imaging studies, more surgical excisions were performed in contralateral breasts (6% (44/735) versus 1.4% (10/733), P< 0.01), more synchronous contralateral breast cancer detected (2.9% (21/735) versus 1.1% (8/733), P = 0.02), and resulted in numerical less (2.2% (16/714) versus 3% (22/725), p = 0.3) metachronous contralateral breast cancer during a mean follow-up of 102 months. Conclusions Our study provides useful estimates of the pre-operative breast MRI for the increased detection of contralateral synchronous breast cancer and less subsequent contralateral metachronous breast cancer.
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Kakkar, Vikas, Rajiv Sharma, Karanvir Singh i Anmol Randhawa. "Trends of breast tumour laterality and age-wise incidence rates in North Indian population". International Surgery Journal 7, nr 8 (23.07.2020): 2523. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20203229.
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Background: The breast is a paired organ. The two breasts share many of the risk factors known to contribute to the development of cancer genetics, environmental exposure, diet, and estrogen exposure, etc. By studying differences in the occurrence of breast cancer between the left and right breast, we can control for these common risk factors. Previous studies of breast cancer asymmetry have established that the laterality ratio is greater than 1.0 in women.Methods: We have taken 420 total cases to study the breast tumour laterality in women and age wise incidence of carcinoma breast in northern India. The study included all consecutive adult patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer, either invasive or carcinoma in situ. Multiple cancers were defined as two or more primary cancers occurring in an individual that were not an extension, recurrence, or metastasis. Based on the chronology of presentation, they were categorized as synchronous or metachronous primaries.Results: Out of 420 cases of breast cancer it was seen that 193 patients i.e. 45.95% of women under observation had left sided breast tumour, 225 patients i.e. 53.57% of women had right sided breast tumour and only 2 patients i.e. 0.48% patients had bilateral lesions in the breast.Conclusions: This result suggests the possible role of estrogen hormone in the reversed lateralization of breast cancer in comparison to other paired organ cancers in post-menopausal women suggesting that North Indian population has higher incidence of right sided breast cancer.
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Moskowitz, Chaya S., Joanne F. Chou, Joseph P. Neglia, Ann H. Partridge, Rebecca M. Howell, Lisa R. Diller, Danielle Novetsky Friedman i in. "Mortality After Breast Cancer Among Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report From the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study". Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, nr 24 (20.08.2019): 2120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.18.02219.
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PURPOSE Female survivors of childhood cancer have a high risk of subsequent breast cancer. We describe the ensuing risk for mortality and additional breast cancers. PATIENTS AND METHODS Female participants in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, a cohort of 5-year survivors of cancer diagnosed between 1970 and 1986 before age 21 years, and subsequently diagnosed with breast cancer (n = 274; median age at breast cancer diagnosis, 38 years; range, 20 to 58 years) were matched to a control group (n = 1,095) with de novo breast cancer. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated from cause-specific proportional hazards models. RESULTS Ninety-two childhood cancer survivors died, 49 as a result of breast cancer. Overall survival after breast cancer was 73% by 10 years. Subsequent risk of death as a result of any cause was higher among childhood cancer survivors than among controls (HR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.7 to 3.0) and remained elevated after adjusting for breast cancer treatment (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.7 to 3.2). Although breast cancer–specific mortality was modestly elevated among childhood cancer survivors (HR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.9 to 2.0), survivors were five times more likely to die as a result of other health-related causes, including other subsequent malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular or pulmonary disease (HR, 5.5; 95% CI, 3.4 to 9.0). The cumulative incidence of a second asynchronous breast cancer also was elevated significantly compared with controls ( P < .001). CONCLUSION Mortality after breast cancer was higher in childhood cancer survivors than in women with de novo breast cancer. This increased mortality reflects the burden of comorbidity and highlights the need for risk-reducing interventions.
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Alawadi, S. A., i M. D. Delvadiya. "Pattern of breast diseases in Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Kuwait". Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, nr 18_suppl (20.06.2006): 10754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.10754.
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10754 Background: The aim of this case series study is to evaluate the outline and pattern of female breast cancers in Kuwait. Methods: Our study consisted of data from 300 cases of female breast cancer seen in our outpatient department. Data on profile of their disease at presentation and known risk factors was retrieved. The analysis indented to examine the pattern of the disease and risk factor profile of the patients. Results: Out of 300 patients, 52% were Kuwaiti citizens, 24% were Arabs from other countries, 23% were of Asian origin and 1% was of other nationality. Their median age ± SD (Standard Deviation) was 50 ± 9.7 years. Most patients were younger than 55 years (77.4%) and were predominantly premenopausals (63%). Only 18% had stage I disease at presentation, whilst 54 %, 24 %, and 4% had stage II, III and IV disease, respectively. Among patients with known axillary nodal status (298 patients) 44.3% were node-negative whilst 39.6% and 16.8% had N1 and N2 disease, respectively. History of benign breast disease was positive in 9% and only 1% had breast biopsy done before the biopsy which diagnosed cancer. In 20.7% there was family history of breast cancer. Among them 11.7% had first degree relative with breast cancer, 3.3%, 7.3% and 1% patients had either mother, sister or both with history of breast cancer. Whilst 12% patients had second degree relatives with breast cancer, 3% patients out of them had both first and second degree relatives with breast cancer. History of alcohol ingestion was rare, only 0.7% patients were taking alcohol. 9.7% patients were nulliparous, while 10.7% patients had their first child after the age of 30 years. Breast feeding was common, 80 % patients breast fed their children and 43.3 % did that for more than 6 months. Age at menarche was 12 years or less in 34 % patients and age at menopause was more than 55 years in only 6.3% patients. Oral contraceptives were used by 38.7% patients, 12%, 9.3% and 17.3% patients used them for 2 or less, 2 to 5 or more than 5 years, respectively. Only 3% patients took hormone replacement therapy, 7 of them took that fore more than 2 years. Only 6 % patients gave history of smoking and only half of them were currently smoking. Conclusions: This data analysis suggested that pattern of breast cancer in Kuwait is similar to other countries in this region. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Dodwell, D., i K. Horgan. "Breast Cancer: Locoregional Control and Survival". Clinical Oncology 13, nr 3 (czerwiec 2001): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/clon.2001.9248.
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Birido, N., i J. G. Geraghty. "Quality control in breast cancer surgery". European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO) 31, nr 6 (sierpień 2005): 577–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2005.02.009.
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Dodwell, D., i K. Horgan. "Breast Cancer: Locoregional Control and Survival". Clinical Oncology 13, nr 3 (maj 2001): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001740170070.
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Holleb, Arthur I. "Breast cancer control challenge or chimera". Cancer 66, S14 (15.09.1990): 1309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19900915)66:14+<1309::aid-cncr2820661402>3.0.co;2-r.
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Wolfe, David W. "Breast Cancer—Evaluation, Management, and Control". Guthrie Journal 60, nr 1 (styczeń 1991): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/guthrie.60.1.015.
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Paap, E., A. L. M. Verbeek, D. Puliti, E. Paci i M. J. M. Broeders. "Breast cancer screening case–control study design: impact on breast cancer mortality". Annals of Oncology 22, nr 4 (kwiecień 2011): 863–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdq447.
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Jackeline, Rangel. "Importance of Physical Therapy in Breast Cancer Survivors". Women's Health Science Journal 4, nr 2 (2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/whsj-16000150.
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Women diagnosed with breast cancer have had a significant increase in life expectancy in recent years. However, many of these women are living with chronic complications resulting from treatment. It is common during and after the treatment of breast cancer, particularly at the trunk and upper limb (pain, movement disorders, among others). Physical therapy may play an important role in the immediate and late postoperative period of breast cancer surgery where it can be considered one of the main preventive agents for disorders after surgery. Physical therapy is considered an effective intervention for pain control, postural realignment and recovery of functional autonomy and is important at all stages of treatment, and helps overcome the side effects of breast cancer treatment.
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Burnside, Elizabeth S., Lucy M. Warren, Jonathan Myles, Louise S. Wilkinson, Matthew G. Wallis, Mishal Patel, Robert A. Smith, Kenneth C. Young, Nathalie J. Massat i Stephen W. Duffy. "Quantitative breast density analysis to predict interval and node-positive cancers in pursuit of improved screening protocols: a case–control study". British Journal of Cancer 125, nr 6 (24.06.2021): 884–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41416-021-01466-y.
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Abstract Background This study investigates whether quantitative breast density (BD) serves as an imaging biomarker for more intensive breast cancer screening by predicting interval, and node-positive cancers. Methods This case–control study of 1204 women aged 47–73 includes 599 cancer cases (302 screen-detected, 297 interval; 239 node-positive, 360 node-negative) and 605 controls. Automated BD software calculated fibroglandular volume (FGV), volumetric breast density (VBD) and density grade (DG). A radiologist assessed BD using a visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 to 100. Logistic regression and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) determined whether BD could predict mode of detection (screen-detected or interval); node-negative cancers; node-positive cancers, and all cancers vs. controls. Results FGV, VBD, VAS, and DG all discriminated interval cancers (all p < 0.01) from controls. Only FGV-quartile discriminated screen-detected cancers (p < 0.01). Based on AUC, FGV discriminated all cancer types better than VBD or VAS. FGV showed a significantly greater discrimination of interval cancers, AUC = 0.65, than of screen-detected cancers, AUC = 0.61 (p < 0.01) as did VBD (0.63 and 0.53, respectively, p < 0.001). Conclusion FGV, VBD, VAS and DG discriminate interval cancers from controls, reflecting some masking risk. Only FGV discriminates screen-detected cancers perhaps adding a unique component of breast cancer risk.
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Essiben, Felix, Esther JN Um Meka, Gregory Ayissi, Henri Essome, Etienne Atenguena i Pascal Foumane. "Factors associated with breast cancer occurrence before the age of 40 in Yaoundé". International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, nr 2 (28.01.2020): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200377.
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Background: In Cameroon, one third of breast cancers concern women less than 40 of age and young age appeared to be an independent predictor of adverse outcome. This study aimed to determine factors associated with the development of breast cancer before the age of 40 in Yaoundé.Methods: A case-control study was conducted for 7 months, from November 1st, 2016 to May 31st, 2017 at the General Hospital and the gyneco-obstetric and Paediatric Hospital of Yaoundé. Study compared the socio-demographic, clinical and lifestyle data of 50 women less than 40 of age with breast cancer (cases) with those of 200 women below 40 of age without breast cancer (controls). Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to assess the socio-demographic, clinical and lifestyle data. Data were computed using the SPSS version 23.0 software. The significance threshold value was set at 0.05.Results: After multivariate analysis, the factors independently associated with the occurrence of breast cancer before the age of 40 were: age ≥ 30 (aOR = 2.05); family history of breast cancer (aOR = 8.65); parity ≥ 1 (aOR = 2.46); breastfeeding (aOR = 3.39); waist circumference ≥ 88 centimeters (cm) (aOR = 4.38); breast density ≥ 90 (aOR = 2.89); physical activity ≤ 3 hours/week (aOR = 4.78). Conclusions: Breast cancer in women under 40 is associated with family history, reproductive life and women's lifestyles. Breastfeeding more than 12 months, having a balanced diet, supplementary screening tests in women with dense breasts and practicing physical activity; would be effective ways to prevent it in young women.
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Choi, Rihwa, Min-Ji Kim, Insuk Sohn, Serim Kim, Isaac Kim, Jai Ryu, Hee Choi i in. "Serum Trace Elements and Their Associations with Breast Cancer Subgroups in Korean Breast Cancer Patients". Nutrients 11, nr 1 (24.12.2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010037.
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The relationships between serum levels of trace elements and breast cancer remain relatively unknown. In this study, we investigate serum levels of seven trace elements in Korean breast cancer patients compared to controls without breast cancer. Serum trace element levels were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in Korean breast cancer patients before initiation of breast cancer treatment. Korean females without breast cancer served as a control group. Trace element levels were measured in the discovery cohort (n = 287) and were validated in an independent cohort (n = 142). We further investigated possible associations between trace element levels and the presence of lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, or triple-negative breast cancer among breast cancer patients in subgroup analyses. Serum manganese and molybdenum levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in breast cancer patients than in controls. Serum copper levels were significantly higher in breast cancer patients with distant metastasis, while selenium levels were significantly lower. Other trace elements were neither significantly different between breast cancer patients and controls nor between subgroups of breast cancer patients. Our study provides insights about the potential roles and impacts of trace elements through an assessment of the associations between trace elements and breast cancer.
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Liu, Li-Yuan, Yong-Jiu Wang, Fei Wang, Li-Xiang Yu, Yu-Juan Xiang, Fei Zhou, Liang Li i in. "Factors associated with insufficient awareness of breast cancer among women in Northern and Eastern China: a case–control study". BMJ Open 8, nr 2 (luty 2018): e018523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018523.
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ObjectivesTo investigate the awareness and knowledge level of breast cancer among Chinese participants.DesignCase–control study.SettingsThis study was based on the database of the minister-affiliated hospital key project of the Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China that included 21 Chinese hospitals between April 2012 and April 2013.ParticipantsMatched study was designed among 2978 participants with Han ethnicity aged between 25 and 70.Primary and secondary outcome measuresStudent’s t-test, Pearson’s χ2test, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to know the level of breast cancer knowledge and find the breast cancer awareness-associated factors.Results80.0% (2383/2978) of the participants had poor awareness level of breast cancer. In-depth knowledge of breast cancer such as early symptoms and risk factors was poorly found among them. Television broadcast and relatives or friends with breast cancers were the main sources of information about breast cancer. Of all participants, 72.8% (2167/2978) had heard about breast cancer as a frequent cancer affecting women, and 63.3% (1884/2978) knew that family history of breast cancer was a risk factor for breast cancer. Over half of them were aware that a breast lump could be a symptom of breast cancer. Multivariate analysis identified the following variables that predicted awareness of breast cancer: young age (OR=0.843, 95% CI 0.740 to 0.961), occupation (agricultural worker) (OR=12.831, 95% CI 6.998 to 23.523), high household social status (OR=0.644, 95% CI 0.531 to 0.780), breast hyperplasia history (OR=1.684, 95% CI 1.273 to 2.228), high behavioural prevention score (OR=4.407, 95% CI 3.433 to 5.657).ConclusionMost women were aware of breast cancer as a disease, but their in-depth knowledge of it was poor. More publicity and education programmes to increase breast cancer awareness are necessary and urgent, especially for the ageing women and agricultural workers.
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Jassim, Marwa Mohammed Ali, Bushra Jabbar Hamad i Murtada Hafedh Hussein. "Review on Breast Cancer in Iraq Women". University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science 9, nr 1 (23.09.2022): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci.v9i1.887.
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breast cancer" which is common type of carcinogenesis in females, surpassing even bronchogenic cancer "accounting for approximately one-third of the registered female cancers according to the latest Iraqi Cancer Registry". According to "World Health Organization", that discovery as well as examination early, particularly in combination together with sufficient therapy, present the appropriate method which decrease in the mortality rate for "breast cancer". Rate of "breast cancer" rise in Iraq, a source of a significant health problem. Labors are necessary on the nationalist scale and establishing comprehensive breast cancer control programs in Iraq for better estimate of the problem
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Morton, Lindsay M., Lene Veiga, Rochelle E. Curtis, Diana Withrow, Peter Inskip, Kevin C. Oeffinger, Chaya S. Moskowitz i in. "Risk of subsequent breast cancer after radiotherapy according to hormone-receptor status: A nested case-control study in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, nr 15_suppl (20.05.2017): 10520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.10520.
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10520 Background: Survivors of childhood cancer have a high absolute risk of subsequent breast cancer after chest-directed radiotherapy; however, it is not known if this risk differs by hormone-receptor status and radiation to the ovaries. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study within the CCSS of 282 five-year survivors of childhood cancer with subsequent breast cancer and 1202 matched controls. Radiation dose to the location of the breast tumor (or corresponding location for controls) and mean dose to the ovaries were estimated from treatment records for each patient. Risk of radiation-related breast cancer was measured with the Excess Odds Ratio per Gray (EOR/Gy) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI), derived from conditional logistic regression. Results: The median age at subsequent breast cancer diagnosis was 39 years (range 21-58). Although 87% of cases and 70% of controls received radiotherapy, breast doses were higher in cases than controls (61% vs 24% breast dose > 10Gy), whereas ovarian doses were lower (7% vs 13% ovary dose > 5Gy). In the subset of cases (n = 159) with currently available estrogen receptor (ER) status (76% cases ER+, 24% cases ER-), there was a linear dose-response relation with radiation dose to the breast that was similar for ER+ (EOR/Gy = 0.51; 95%CI: 0.19-1.34) and ER- breast tumors (EOR/Gy = 0.41; 95%CI: 0.05-2.88). If the patient received an ovarian dose > 5Gy, this dose-response was significantly reduced for ER+ tumors but not for ER- tumors. Conclusions: Preliminary analyses demonstrate that radiation exposure to the breast to treat childhood cancer results in an increased risk of both ER+ and ER- breast cancers. The novel finding that only the risk of ER+ breast cancer is lowered if the ovaries are also exposed is consistent with known differences by hormone receptor status in the biological mechanisms of breast carcinogenesis.
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Jeong, Ju-Ri, i Yu-Ri Choe. "Health-promoting behaviors among middle-aged breast cancer survivors compared with matched non-cancer controls: A KNHANES VI-VII (2013–2018) study". Medicine 102, nr 26 (30.06.2023): e34065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000034065.
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This study aimed to compare health-promoting behaviors between middle-aged breast cancer survivors and matched non-cancer controls. We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional, matched case-control study using data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) VI-VII (2013–2018) to compare health-promoting behaviors. We selected breast cancer survivors aged 40 to 65 who completed the surveys, and each case was matched with 5 non-cancer controls (1:5) based on propensity scores. With multivariable logistic regression, middle-aged breast cancer survivors were compared with controls in terms of their last screening for a second primary cancer (SPC), current smoking status, alcohol consumption, aerobic physical activity (PA), sedentary time, and self-reported diet control. The final study sample consisted of 117 middle-aged breast cancer survivors and 585 non-cancer controls after propensity score matching (PSM). In the multivariable analysis, middle-aged breast cancer survivors were less likely to consume alcohol (odds ratio [OR] 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35–0.95), more likely to engage in aerobic PA (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.01–2.54), and more likely to self-report diet control (OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.27–3.53). There were no significant intergroup differences in SPC screening uptake within 2 years, smoking status, or sedentary times. There is a need to educate middle-aged breast cancer survivors about SPC screening, smoking cessation, and minimizing sedentariness to reduce the risks of associated with breast cancer recurrence, SPCs, and comorbid chronic diseases.
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Al-Haddad et al., Roya. "Lack of Association between LCS6 Variant in KRAS Gene with the Occurrence of Breast Tumors in Iraqi Women". Baghdad Science Journal 17, nr 2 (10.05.2020): 0426. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2020.17.2.0426.
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Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and remains one of the main reasons of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. KRAS variant rs61764370 (T>G) is associated with an increased risk of occurrence of many cancers, Here The case-control study was accomplished on 135 women including 45 women with breast cancer patients, 45 women with benign breast lesions and 45 healthy women to analyze the association of KRAS variant rs (61764370 T>G) with breast cancer. LCS 6 variant in KRAS gene was amplified by using specific primers, then genotype was detected after sequencing the PCR products. The results showed that the genotype and allele frequency of TT and GT allele of KRAS gene were statistically non-significant (p< 0.01) among breast cancer patients and breast benign lesions compared with healthy controls in Iraqi women.
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Peralta Lorca, Juan Ignacio, Francisco Javier Gerardi, Paul Alonso i Javier IJ Orozco. "Knowledge, attitudes and practice of breast control in primary care centers: impact on breast cancer epidemiology in San Rafael, Mendoza". Obstetrics & Gynecology International Journal 13, nr 6 (22.12.2022): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ogij.2022.13.00682.
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Introduction: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women globally and the leading cause of cancer death among women in developing countries. Objectives: The main objectives of this study were: to evaluate the clinico-pathological characteristics of patients with breast cancer at the San Rafael Regional Public Hospital, Mendoza; and, additionally, to determine the knowledge of an independent cohort of women regarding breast controls in the peripheral Health Centers of this city. Material and method: For the epidemiologic analysis of breast cancer in San Rafael, the Mendoza Provincial Tumor Registry was consulted. To study the clinico-pathological variables, a decryptive, cross-sectional type study was conducted on 51 consecutive patients with breast cancer diagnosis, during the period January 2014 to July 2016, in the Gynecology Service of the Hospital “ . Teodoro Schestakow” of the City of San Rafael, Mendoza. To determine the level of knowledge regarding breast-river control, surveys were conducted in peripheral health centers in the neighborhoods of Pueblo Diamante, Constitution, El Molino, Villa Laredo and El Sosneado, San Rafael, with prior authorization from the Directorate of the Municipal Health Area. Results: Breast cancer in women corresponded to 33.9% of all cancers in the period 2008-2012, according to the Provincial Tumor Registry. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 53 years (range: 24-81 years). Advanced stages (III and IV) were diagnosed in 41.2% of patients. The 96.1% of patients presented breast symptomatology at the time of diagnosis, being breast tumor (on self-examination) the most frequent. Only 22% of women surveyed perform annual breast control; and only 7% of patients refer to having a breast examination performed at the medical consultation. Conclusion: Breast cancer diagnosis in San Rafael is performed mainly in symptomatic patients, which reflects deficiencies in early diagnosis, breast controls and information on the female population. This represents an opportunity to conduct population-targeted prevention campaigns, as well as education of health effectors from peripheral centres.
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Lizama, Natalia, Pierra Rogers, Allyson Thomson, Terry Slevin, Lin Fritschi, Christobel Saunders i Jane Heyworth. "Women's beliefs about breast cancer causation in a breast cancer case-control study". Psycho-Oncology 25, nr 1 (18.06.2015): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pon.3869.
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Sanchez-Mete, Lupe, Irene Venturo, Paola Papaldo, Isabella Sperduti i Vittoria Stigliano. "Colorectal cancer after breast cancer: A case-control study". Cancer Epidemiology 35, nr 1 (luty 2011): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2010.09.002.
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Jauhari, A. H. Asmali, N. Bhoo-Pathy, T. Islam, M. Y. Jalaludin, F. M. Moy i N. A. Taib. "Serum 25(OH) Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Breast Cancer in Malaysia: A Case-Control Study". Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (1.10.2018): 23s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.64100.
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Background: Despite the emerging literature supporting the beneficial role of sufficient vitamin D level and its association with various cancers, current evidence on the vitamin D and the risk of getting breast cancer is still inconsistent. Furthermore, the study between vitamin D status and breast cancer risk among south east Asian women is limited. Aim: We aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of getting breast cancer among Malaysian women. Methods: We conducted a retrospective nested case control study which consisted of Malaysian Breast Cancer Cohort Study (MyBCC) subjects as the cases and UMMC Mammogram Cohort Study subjects as the hospital control. We also used a secondary data from the Cohort Study on Clustering of Lifestyle Risk Factors and understanding its association with stress on health and well-being among school teachers in Malaysia (CLUSTer), as we only included the data from the schools in Kuala Lumpur as the population control. We measured and compared serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) between newly diagnosed breast cancer patients (n= 231), female without cancer who came for mammogram checkup (n= 462) and female teachers without cancer from schools in Kuala Lumpur (n=231). Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum (25(OH)D) < 50 nmol/L. Results: Median serum (25(OH)D) for cases and controls were 42.43 nmol/L and 44.30 nmol/L, respectively. We examined the association between serum (25(OH)D) and breast cancer risk stratified by age < 50 and ≥ 50 years old. The crude ORs for breast cancer risk in cases and controls did not show statistically significant association with serum (25(OH)D) for both age groups ( P = 0.463 and P = 0.650, respectively). After adjustment for age, ethnicity, education level and BMI the ORs (95% CI) for breast cancer risk among both groups were 1.183 (0.591-2.366) ( P = 0.635) and 1.237 (0.801-1.911) ( P = 0.338) respectively for women with serum (25(OH)D) < 50 nmol/L. Conclusion: Our results suggest that there is lack of association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of getting breast cancer in Malaysian women.
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Johns, Louise E., Anthony J. Swerdlow i Susan M. Moss. "Effect of population breast screening on breast cancer mortality to 2005 in England and Wales: A nested case-control study within a cohort of one million women". Journal of Medical Screening 25, nr 2 (4.07.2017): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141317713232.
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Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of the NHS breast screening programme (NHSBSP) on breast cancer mortality in England and Wales and to compare findings with a cohort analysis of the same underlying population. Methods A nested case-control study within a cohort of 959,738 women in England and Wales aged 49–64 who were eligible for routine NHSBSP screening during 1991–2005. Cases who died from breast cancer in 1991–2005 were matched to controls without breast cancer at the case diagnosis date and alive when the case died. Risk of breast cancer mortality associated with intention to screen (ITS) (7047 cases/28,188 controls) and screening attendance (4707 cases/9413 controls) was examined. Bias was minimised in accordance with currently advocated best practice. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Results were compared with findings from an incidence-based breast cancer mortality cohort analysis. Results ITS was associated with a 21% breast cancer mortality reduction (OR = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71–0.88, P < 0.001). Attendance ≤5 years before diagnosis was associated with a 47% reduction in breast cancer mortality after self-selection correction (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.46–0.62, P < 0.001). Breast cancer mortality reduction associated with ITS was 21% in both the case-control and cohort analyses, but the impact of attendance was marginally greater in the case-control analysis (36% vs. 32%). Conclusions Case-control studies designed and analysed according to current best practice guidelines offer an effective means of evaluating population breast screening.
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Henegan, Clark, Lakisha Moore-Smith, Nengjun Yi, Habibul Ahsan, Alice S. Whittemore i Boris Pasche. "Decreased TGFBR1 signaling and breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, nr 15_suppl (20.05.2013): 1548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.1548.
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1548 Background: We previously identified TGFBR1*6A (rs11466445), a hypomorphic TGF-beta type 1 receptor variant that is associated with cancer risk, has impaired TGF-beta signaling capability, and enhances the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells (Cancer Res 2008, 68:1319). Two recent large meta-analyses of case control studies have found a significant association between TGFBR1*6A and risk of breast cancer (Mol Biol Rep 2010 37:3227; PLoS One 2012,7(8). Rs7034462 is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a noncoding region more than 9 kilobases upstream of TGFBR1 exon 1, which has been shown to be associated with decreased TGFBR1 expression similar to TGFBR1*6A (J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2010, 29:57). In this study we tested the hypothesis that rs7034462 may be associated with breast cancer risk. Methods: rs7034462 was genotyped in DNA obtained from patients with breast cancer and their unaffected sisters recruited by the Breast Cancer Family Registry (B-CFR). Results: The median age of cases and controls was 48.8 and 47.6 years, respectively. Using a simple case-control genetic association analysis for this family-matched population, rs7034462 was found to be associated with breast cancer risk. Conclusions: TGFBR1 rs7034462 is emerging as a low penetrance breast cancer susceptibility allele suggesting that two distinct TGFBR1 SNPs, each associated with decreased TGFBR1 expression, may modulate breast cancer risk. [Table: see text]
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A. Sahan, Khadija, Ismail H. Aziz, Sanna Nadhir Dawood i Hasen Al Qazzaz. "The role of resistin gene polymorphism in Iraqi breast cancer patients". Biomedicine 42, nr 6 (31.12.2022): 1296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v42i6.2393.
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Introduction and Aim: Breast cancer is a complex disease and one of the most common cancers among women. Breast cancer is linked to a number of inherited gene alterations which could either initiate breast tumors or be involved in the multistage process of breast cancer development. In this study we aimed to genotype the resistin (RETN) gene linked to breast cancer and determine the effects of RETN single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3219175, rs34788323) to breast cancer in Iraqi women.
Materials and Methods: This study included 70 (35 malignant and 35 benign) patients with breast cancer and 35 breast-cancer free Iraqi women. Blood samples were collected from all women and subjected to two RETN SNPs (rs3219175, rs34788323) genotyping and determining their allelic frequencies. The serum resistin concentration was determined for each sample. Data was subjected to statistical analysis and p-value determined.
Results: A statistically significant difference for the GA genotype in SNP rs3219175 and TT genotype in SNP (rs34788323) was seen among breast cancer patients, and controls. among Iraqi women. The mean resistin concentration was substantially greater in the malignant group (4,194 ng/ml) compared to the benign group (1,651 ng/ml) and the control group (1,476 ng/ml) (P 0.01). The rs34788323 polymorphism's CC genotype could be associated with higher resistin levels. The blood resistin level was substantially greater in breast cancer patients with the AA genotype (7.710 0.57ng/ml) than in benign (2.340 0.24ng/ml) or control group (2.231 0.15ng/ml), although the difference was not statistically significant, according to rs3219175 SNP results. The incidence of breast cancer was 42.85% higher in the middle age group (40-49 years). The study did show a detrimental relationship between BMI and tumour size, stage, and grade.
Conclusion: Results indicate a correlation between retn gene polymorphism, resistin serum levels and breast cancer susceptibility.
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Ahmed Abdelsalam, Kamal Eldin, Mohammed Asad, Monjid Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, Yahya Mohzari, Ahmed Alrashed, NajwaJilan Alghamdi, Kholoud Nasser Alrami i Wael Ahmed Alharbi. "A Case Control Study on Serum Levels of Potential Biomarkers in Male Breast Cancer Patients". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 9 (1.05.2021): 4852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094852.
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The global incidence of breast cancer among men is steadily growing. Despite this, compared to female breast cancer patients, there are very few studies on biomarkers in male breast cancer patients. A cross-sectional case control study was carried out to determine the serum levels of melatonin, ghrelin, dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine, and GABA in male breast cancer. All the recruited patients were obese, old, and had recently been diagnosed with the disease. They had not received any treatment for the cancer until the time of the study. Melatonin and epinephrine serum levels were significantly higher in breast cancer patients compared to their age-matched controls, whereas ghrelin, dopamine, GABA, and serotonin serum levels were lower in patients compared to the control group. The serum levels of most of the studied biomarkers in male breast cancer patients were similar to those observed in female breast cancer patients, except for serum melatonin levels.
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Lynge, Elsebeth, Ilse Vejborg, Martin Lillholm, Mads Nielsen, George Napolitano i My von Euler-Chelpin. "Abstract P4-03-10: BREAST DENSITY AND RISK OF BREAST CANCER". Cancer Research 83, nr 5_Supplement (1.03.2023): P4–03–10—P4–03–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p4-03-10.
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Abstract Background: Early studies reported a 4-6-fold risk of breast cancer between women with extremely dense and fatty breasts. As most early studies were case-control studies, we took advantage of a population-based screening program to study density and breast cancer incidence in a cohort design. Methods: In the Capital Region, Denmark, woman aged 50-69 are invited to screening biennially. Women screened November 2012 - December 2017 were included, and classified by BI-RADS density code, version 4, at first screen after recruitment. Women were followed up for incident breast cancer, including ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), to 2020 in nationwide pathology data. Rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were compared across density groups using Poisson-regression. Results: We included 189,609 women; 1,067,293 person-years; and 4110 incident breast cancers/DCIS. Thirty-three percent of women had BI-RADS density code 1; 38% code 2; 24% code 3; 4.7% code 4; and missing 0.3%. Using women with BI-RADS density code 1 as baseline; women with code 2 had RR 1.69 (95% CI 1.56-1.84); women with code 3, RR 2.06 (95% CI 1.89-2.25); and women with code 4, RR 2.37 (95% CI 1.05-2.74). Results differed between observations accumulated during screening and above screening age. Conclusions: This cohort study showed a 2.37-fold difference in breast cancer risk between women with highest and lowest breast density. Translated into absolute risk of breast cancer after age 50, this was a 6.2% risk for the one-third of women with lowest density, and 14.7% for the five percent of women highest density. Citation Format: Elsebeth Lynge, Ilse Vejborg, Martin Lillholm, Mads Nielsen, George Napolitano, My von Euler-Chelpin. BREAST DENSITY AND RISK OF BREAST CANCER [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-03-10.
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Ligibel, Jennifer A., Karen Basen-Engquist i Jennifer W. Bea. "Weight Management and Physical Activity for Breast Cancer Prevention and Control". American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, nr 39 (maj 2019): e22-e33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/edbk_237423.
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Observational evidence has consistently linked excess adiposity and inactivity to increased breast cancer risk and to poor outcomes in individuals diagnosed with early-stage, potentially curable breast cancer. There is less information from clinical trials testing the effect of weight management or physical activity interventions on breast cancer risk or outcomes, but a number of ongoing trials will test the impact of weight loss and other lifestyle changes after cancer diagnosis on the risk of breast cancer recurrence. Lifestyle changes have additional benefits beyond their potential to decrease primary or secondary breast cancer risk, including improvements in metabolic parameters, reduction in the risk of comorbidities such as diabetes and heart disease, improvement of physical functioning, and mitigation of side effects of cancer therapy. Despite these myriad benefits, implementation of lifestyle interventions in at-risk and survivor populations has been limited to date. This article reviews the evidence linking lifestyle factors to breast cancer risk and outcomes, discusses completed and ongoing randomized trials testing the impact of lifestyle change in primary and secondary breast cancer prevention, and reviews efforts to implement and disseminate lifestyle interventions in at-risk and breast cancer survivor populations.
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BEGUM, MUMTAZ, GHAZALA RUBY, RUKHASHAN KHURSHID i Saleem Akhtar. "BREAST CANCER". Professional Medical Journal 13, nr 03 (25.06.2006): 338–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2006.13.03.4977.
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CA 15.3 is a useful parameter in the management of patients in different stages ofthe breast cancer. Objectives: (1) To evaluate the level of CA 15-3 in stage III carcinoma of breast. (2) To study therole of immunoglobulin G and cathepsin D. Patients & Methods: Serum CA 15-3 was assayed in a group of 25 femalebreast cancer patients with stage III. Method used for determination of CA 15-3 is IMMULITE Automated ImmunoassaySystem. Result: 25 patients were taken in the study. It was observed that the level of CA 15-3 and cathepsin D issignificantly increased in patients as compared to control subjects. Although the level of IgG was also increased butit shows no significant difference. Conclusion: It is concluded that CA 15-3 can be used as tumor marker especiallyin the 3 stage rd of breast cancer and also for monitoring the treatment. IgG shows the role of body defense mechanismsystem in breast cancer. Whereas protease like cathepsin D shows the extent of metastasis.
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Lange, Carol A., i Douglas Yee. "Killing the second messenger: targeting loss of cell cycle control in endocrine-resistant breast cancer". Endocrine-Related Cancer 18, nr 4 (25.05.2011): C19—C24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-11-0112.
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The majority (∼70%) of breast cancers are steroid hormone receptor (SR) positive at the time of diagnosis. Endocrine therapies that target estrogen receptor α (ERα) action (tamoxifen, toremifene, fulvestrant) or estrogen synthesis (aromatase inhibitors: letrozole, anastrozole, exemestane; or ovarian suppression) are a clinical mainstay. However, up to 50% of SR+ breast cancers exhibit de novo or acquired resistance to these clinical interventions. Mechanisms of resistance to endocrine therapies often include upregulation and/or activation of signal transduction pathways that input to cell cycle regulation. Cyclin D1, the regulatory subunit of cyclin-dependent protein kinases four and six (CDK4/6) serves as a convergence point for multiple signaling pathways. In a recent paper entitled ‘Therapeutically Activating Retinoblastoma (RB): Reestablishing Cell Cycle Control in Endocrine Therapy-Resistant Breast Cancer’, Thangavel et al. reported maintenance of cyclin D1 expression and RB phosphorylation in the face of ER ablation in multiple breast cancer cell line models of endocrine resistance. RB-dysfunction defined a unique gene signature that was associated with luminal B-type breast cancer and predictive of poor response to endocrine therapies. Notably, a new CDK4/6 inhibitor (PD-0332991) was capable of inducing growth arrest by a mechanism that was most consistent with cellular senescence. In this review, these findings are discussed in the context of SRs as important mediators of cell cycle progression, and the frequent loss of cell cycle checkpoint control that typifies breast cancer progression. These studies provide renewed hope of effectively stabilizing endocrine-resistant breast cancers using available complementary (to endocrine-based therapies) cytostatic agents in the form of CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Tan, Vivian, Jennifer Payne, Nicole Paquet, Sian Iles, Daniel Rayson, Penny Barnes i Mohamed Abdolell. "The association between breast density and HER2-positive breast cancer: A population-based case-control study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, nr 15_suppl (20.05.2020): e12556-e12556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e12556.
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e12556 Background: Little is known about the association between mammographic breast density and the subtypes of breast cancer including HER2-positive breast cancers (HER2-BrCa). The objective of this study was to assess the strength of association between breast density and HER2-BrCa in a population-based screening program. Methods: This is a population-based case-control breast cancer study of women aged 40 to 75 who underwent digital breast screening from 2009 to 2015 in Nova Scotia, Canada. Cases included women diagnosed with HER2-BrCa at screen or before their next screen (interval); controls included women without screen-detected cancer matched to cases by age and year of screen. Measures of mammographic breast density (percent density, BI-RADS-4th and -5th edition) were obtained from automated software (densitasai) and linked with clinical risk factor data (age, parity, total breast volume, post-menopausal status, hormone replacement therapy, family history and history of core biopsy). The association between breast density and cancer risk was assessed by calculating the odds ratios [OR] with 95% confidence intervals using multivariable logistic regression. Results: A total of 209 cases (median age, 58.8 years) and 6812 controls (median age, 59.4 years) were included. The risk of HER2-BrCa increased with increasing levels of percent breast density. High breast density according to BIRADS-4th and -5th editions was significantly associated with HER2-BrCa: BIRADS -4th 3/4 vs 1: OR 2.50 (1.68 - 3.68); BIRADS-5th C/D vs A: OR 2.58 (1.71 - 4.01). The association between higher breast density and increased risk of HER2-BrCa remained after adjustment for clinical factors. Conclusions: The risk of HER2-BrCa was associated with progressively higher mammographic breast density, although to a lesser extent than breast cancer in general. Accurate risk models including breast density may support the development of more breast-screening protocols that can lead to more strategic use of healthcare resources.
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He, Ting-Ting, An-Jun Zuo, Ji-Gang Wang i Peng Zhao. "Organochlorine pesticides accumulation and breast cancer: A hospital-based case–control study". Tumor Biology 39, nr 5 (maj 2017): 101042831769911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010428317699114.
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The aim of this study is to detect the accumulation status of organochlorine pesticides in breast cancer patients and to explore the relationship between organochlorine pesticides contamination and breast cancer development. We conducted a hospital-based case–control study in 56 patients with breast cancer and 46 patients with benign breast disease. We detected the accumulation level of several organochlorine pesticides products (β-hexachlorocyclohexane, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, polychlorinated biphenyls-28, polychlorinated biphenyls-52, pentachlorothioanisole, and pp′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane) in breast adipose tissues of all 102 patients using gas chromatography. Thereafter, we examined the expression status of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), and Ki-67 in 56 breast cancer cases by immunohistochemistry. In addition, we analyzed the risk of breast cancer in those patients with organochlorine pesticides contamination using a logistic regression model. Our data showed that breast cancer patients suffered high accumulation levels of pp′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane and polychlorinated biphenyls-52. However, the concentrations of pp′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane and polychlorinated biphenyls-52 were not related to clinicopathologic parameters of breast cancer. Further logistic regression analysis showed polychlorinated biphenyls-52 and pp′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane were risk factors for breast cancer. Our results provide new evidence on etiology of breast cancer.
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Nourbakhsh, Parisa, Ali Ganji, Iman Farahani, Rezvan Hosseinian, Fatemeh Yeganefard, Rezvan Mirzaee i Ghasem Mosayebi. "Adipokine Omentin-1: A Diagnostic Tool in Breast Cancer". International Journal of Basic Science in Medicine 3, nr 2 (12.06.2018): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijbsm.2018.16.
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Background and objective: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death and the most common solid malignancy in women worldwide. Omentin-1 is produced by visceral adipose tissue, placenta, and ovary that its production is affected by some cancers. The aim of this study was to assess omentin-1 in patients with breast cancer to be applied as a biomarker in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods: In this case-control study, 45 patients with breast cancer and 45 healthy women as control group were included. In addition to anthropometric and blood parameters analysis, omentin-1 serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays method. Receiver operator characteristic curve and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were calculated to define the diagnostic accuracy. Results: Serum omentin-1 level in breast cancer group was significantly lower than the control group. There was no significant correlation between omentin-1 levels and anthropometric and blood parameters analysis. The best cut-off point for the diagnosis of breast cancer was at 146 ng/L. Calculated PPV and NPV based on 66% disease prevalence were 88.8% and 51.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Serum level of omentin-1 was significantly lower than the healthy group, so, it can be used as a screening test along with the early-approved methods in diagnosis of patients with breast cancer in the future.