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1
Koech, Joel Kipkemoi. "Resistance of Brassica L. species to Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359313.
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Davies, Katherine Ann. "Early events in pathogenesis of Pyrenopeziza brassicae on Brassica napus". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343008.
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Wang, Tongtong. "Resistance to Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in Brassica juncea and introgression of resistance from Brassica rapa, Brassica napus and Brassica nigra into Brassica juncea". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/89272/.
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Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV, family Potyviridae, genus Potyvirus) has the widest host range amongst potyviruses. Globally it was said to be the second most important virus infecting field vegetables. Brassica juncea (Oriental mustard, family Brassicaceae), is an amphidiploid plant species with the genome AABB, comprising the genomes of the two diploid species, Brassica rapa (AA) and Brassica nigra (BB). It is widely grown and has various uses including as a leaf, stem, or root vegetable, oilseed crop, forage crop, condiment and biofumigant. Most B. juncea cultivars are very susceptible to TuMV, resulting in severe losses. Research on TuMV resistance and the mapping and identification of natural resistance genes would be very useful in order to speed up breeding resistant crops through marker-assisted selection. Sources of resistance to TuMV have been identified in B. juncea. The specificity of the resistances has been determined. A B. juncea DH line for which there is genomic information has been challenged with TuMV and found to be susceptible. This line has been used as a susceptible parent in crosses with resistant plants derived from different sources to develop segregating populations for mapping the resistance gene(s). Two BC1 populations (222 plants and 205 plants) and one F2 population (159 plants) have been phenotyped and segregation ratios were not significantly different from a Mendelian model based on the action of two recessive genes. Parental lines and selected plants in the two BC1 populations have been analysed by SNPs genotyping using the Illumina Infinium Chip. Genetic linkage maps have been constructed and QTLs have been mapped. Additionally, attempts are being made to identify a dominant TuMV resistance gene present in both Brassica napus and B. rapa. Inter-specific crosses have been made in order to introgress this gene into B. juncea. Resynthesised B. juncea plants possessing this dominant resistance have been produced through embryo rescue and polyploidy induction of F1 plants from crosses between resistant B. rapa and susceptible B. nigra plants. BC2 plants have also been developed by crossing B. rapa and B. napus plants possessing the dominant TuMV resistance with a susceptible B. juncea plant line.
4
Wallenhammar, Ann-Charlotte. "Monitoring and control of Plasmodiophora brassicae in spring oilseed brassica crops /". Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5726-2.pdf.
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Fernandes, Maria de Fátima Gomes. "Duo Ecológico Pieris brassicae/Brassica oleracea: Perfil Metabolómico e actividade biológica". Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/63800.
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Fernandes, Maria de Fátima Gomes. "Duo Ecológico Pieris brassicae/Brassica oleracea: Perfil Metabolómico e actividade biológica". Tese, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/63800.
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Boys, Emily Frances. "Resistance to Pyrenopeziza brassicae (light leaf spot) in Brassica napus (oilseed rape)". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556103.
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This project aimed to provide a greater understanding about resistance to Pyrenopeziza brassicae in oilseed rape. A doubled haploid population of Brassica napus derived from a cross between the resistant oilseed rape cultivar Imola and a susceptible breeding line was used to map a single major locus associated with resistance to P. brassicae. The locus was positioned at the end of the linkage group corresponding to chromosome A1, a region homeologous to Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 3. The resistance was associated with a phenotype that involved reduced P. brassicae subcuticular hyphal growth, the collapse of epidermal cells and an absence of asexual sporulation. P. brassicae was, however, able to sporulate sexually on senescent leaf tissue of the resistant plants. For the doubled haploid population, there were significant correlations between severity of light leaf spot assessed on field plots in Hertfordshire and Scotland and severity assessed on seedlings in controlled environment conditions. Analysis using quantitative peR showed that the lines of the doubled haploid population differed in their ability to support the growth of P. brassicae in controlled environment (on cotyledons and young leaves) and field conditions. The resistance present in oil seed rape cultivar Imola is different from that observed in other B. napus cultivars/lines, where asexual sporulation was observed on even the least susceptible cultivars/lines, and currently appears stable in different parts of the UK. An improved understanding of resistance to P. brassicae in B. napus will help to inform decisions about the deployment of new resistant cultivars to maximise the durability of the resistance.
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Aslam, Ferre N. "Haploid production in rapid-cycling Brassica campestris and Brassica napus". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292906.
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Lopes, Alexandra de Pinho Noites. "Caracterização química e biológicada pieris brassicae alimentada com Brassica Ra pa Var. Rapa". Master's thesis, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/20825.
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Lopes, Alexandra de Pinho Noites. "Caracterização química e biológicada pieris brassicae alimentada com Brassica Ra pa Var. Rapa". Dissertação, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/20825.
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Deepa, Alex. "Molecular characterization of Brassica juncea 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase". Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21687547.
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Glémin, Sylvain. "Dépression de consanguinité, systèmes de reproduction et biologie de la conservation. Approches théoriques et expérimentales chez Brassica insularis Moris". Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20171.
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This, Patrice. "Caractérisation et développement de marqueurs moléculaires en vue de l'analyse de lignées d'addition : Brassica napus-Brassica nigra et Diplotaxis erucoides-Brassica Nigra". Perpignan, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PERP0166.
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Brassica nigra (2n=16) ou moutarde noire est une espece apparentee au colza (brassica napus). B. Nigra presente des caracteres agronomiques interessants qui pourront etre transferes au colza par croisements interspecifiques ou genie genetique. Dans le but d'analyser le genome de b. Nigra, des lignees d'addition ont ete construites. Il s'agit de plantes de b. Napus ou d. Erucoides qui portent en addition un chromosome ou une paire de chromosomes de b. Nigra. Les techniques cytologiques ne permettent pas de distinguer les chromosomes de b. Nigra les uns des autres. L'analyse moleculaire des lignees d'addition a ete effectuee en vue de l'identification des 8 lignees d'addition possibles. Pour ce faire, nous avons utilise les techniques d'analyse du polymorphisme enzymatique et de type rflp. Nous avons egalement mis au point et applique une nouvelle technique d'analyse du polymorphisme appelee rapd. Cent cinquante six marqueurs ont ete identifiees sur sept lignees b. Napus-b. Nigra et 31 sur sept lignees d. Erucoides-b. Nigra. Les marqueurs nous ont egalement permis d'identifier des lignees portant des chromosomes deletes et d'identifier des fragments du genome de b. Nigra introgresses dans le genome de b. Napus
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Goodey, Nicole Ann. "Ecological patterns in plant defence chemistry and herbivore responses in natural populations of Brassica oleracea". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/21667.
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Relationships between two taxonomic kingdoms; plants and herbivorous insects, are hypothesized to be a major zone of interaction for generating current day biodiversity; and coevolutionary processes between these intricately linked organisms are hypothesized to maintain diversity in plant secondary chemistry. These metabolites play a key role in plant defence against herbivory and a high degree of intraspecific variation is observed at multiple ecological scales. However, the nature of selection maintaining variation in plant defence profiles is still a major question in evolutionary biology and ecology, and progress towards a deeper understanding is hampered by a lack of studies that take into account ecological context and the multivariate nature of plant defence phenotypes. In this thesis, I employ sophisticated chemical analysis techniques to identify a suite of glucosinolate secondary chemicals, representing different biosynthetic pathways, in the wild cabbage, Brassica oleracea, in natural populations in the UK. I used model-based cluster analysis to explore patterns of association between individual glucosinolates, predicting that as simultaneous resource allocation to multiple defences is likely to be constrained; negative associations between defensive traits should be observed. However, results revealed positive associations between glucosinolates. Therefore co-expression of multiple defences may not be costly for this species. Using this information in conjunction with herbivore surveys and experiments, I show that this mixture has the potential to shape patterns of herbivore abundance and host plant utilization: species-specific responses to variation in glucosinolate phenotypes are discovered at various ecological scales. Thus there is the potential for differential selection on plant chemotypes though species-specific attractions and aversions. By conducting fine scale experiments with herbivore species, I also found that glucosinolate variation has an impact on the counter-adaptations that some brassica specialists have evolved: in order to optimally defend against their own natural enemies, Brevicoryne brassicae aphids sequestering glucosinolates from their host plants must do so selectively, and must choose plants whose chemical profile best matches this behaviour. These findings show that glucosinolate profiles may be under natural selection by herbivores in wild populations, and that reciprocal evolution between these plants and their specialists may continue to promote diversity in secondary metabolites. Together these results highlight the complexity inherent in plant-insect interactions, the importance of field studies and generate a wealth of testable hypotheses for future work.
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Majer, Dorothea. "Genetic variation in Pyrenopeziza brassicae and its interaction with its host Brassica napus ssp. oleifera". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338299.
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SANTOS, Carlos Ant?nio dos. "Calagem e biofungicida no manejo da h?rnia das cruc?feras em couve-flor no munic?pio de Nova Friburgo-RJ". Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2017. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2418.
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The search for efficient strategies to reduce the losses caused by clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) in cauliflower is essential due to the economic and social importance of this culture. Thus, the present study was developed with the objective of evaluating the effect of different treatments in the control of the disease, root development, biomass and inflorescences production under field and greenhouse conditions. The study consisted of three trials carried out in a family farmer's area in the municipality of Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil. In the first trial, it was tested the residual effect of four doses of calcined limestone (0, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 Mg.ha-1) associated to the application of Trichoderma harzianum biofungicide under field conditions. In the second trial, it was tested the effect of the liming associated to the application of T. harzianum and cyazofamid, under greenhouse conditions. In the third one, two ways of applying limestone were tested, in the planting pit, and applied by hand. The use of gypsum was evaluated in the field. The increase of the limestone doses promoted higher pH levels, and Ca+2 contents, and reduction of the toxic Al + 3 contents in the soil. There was also a reduction of root volume with galls, greater root development, and productivity in cauliflower. The use of T. harzianum was not effective to control the disease and did not favor the root development, either in field or in greenhouse conditions. The fungicide cyazofamid reduced the volume roots with galls, the severity, and the progression of the disease. The third rial revealed a discrete reduction in the severity of the disease when using limestone and gypsum combined. Although there was no effect of the treatments on the root system, limestone applied to the pit and by hand resulted in greater accumulations of fresh mass of inflorescence and productivity. The application of limestone by hand, in the pit, and combined with gypsum favored the accumulation of calcium in the plants. The application of limestone in the pit was equivalent to the hand application in terms of soil chemical attributes improvement, reduction of disease severity, and increase of productivity and accumulation of nutrients.
A busca por estrat?gias eficientes na redu??o das perdas causadas pela h?rnia das cruc?feras (Plasmodiophora brassicae) em couve-flor ? essencial devido ? import?ncia econ?mica e social dessa cultura. Com isso, desenvolveu-se o presente estudo com o objetivo de avaliar, em condi??es de campo e casa de vegeta??o, o efeito de diferentes tratamentos no controle da doen?a, desenvolvimento das ra?zes e produ??o de biomassa e infloresc?ncias em couve-flor. O trabalho foi constitu?do de tr?s ensaios realizados em ?rea de produtor familiar no munic?pio de Nova Friburgo, RJ. No primeiro ensaio, avaliou-se o efeito residual de quatro doses de calc?rio calcinado (0; 1,0; 2,0 e 4,0 Mg.ha-1), associado ? aplica??o de biofungicida a base de Trichoderma harzianum, em condi??es de campo. No segundo, avaliou-se o efeito da calagem associada ? aplica??o de T. harzianum e ciazofamida, em casa de vegeta??o. No terceiro, avaliou-se em campo duas formas de aplica??o de calc?rio, na cova e ? lan?o, e o uso de gesso agr?cola. O aumento das doses de calc?rio promoveu eleva??o do pH e dos teores de Ca+2 e redu??o do teor de Al+3 t?xico no solo. Ainda, houve redu??o do volume de ra?zes com h?rnias e maior desenvolvimento radicular e produtividade em couve-flor. O uso de T. harzianum n?o foi eficaz no controle da doen?a e n?o favoreceu o desenvolvimento radicular das plantas, seja nas condi??es de campo ou de casa de vegeta??o. O fungicida ciazofamida reduziu o volume de ra?zes doentes, a severidade e a progress?o da doen?a. Constatou-se no terceiro ensaio discreta redu??o da severidade da doen?a com o uso de calc?rio combinado com gesso. N?o houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre o sistema radicular, entretanto, calc?rio aplicado na cova e ? lan?o resultaram em maiores ac?mulos de massa fresca de infloresc?ncia e produtividade. A aplica??o de calc?rio ? lan?o, na cova, e calc?rio combinado com gesso favoreceram o ac?mulo de c?lcio nas plantas. O uso de calc?rio na cova foi equivalente ? sua aplica??o ? lan?o quanto a melhorias dos atributos qu?micos do solo, redu??o da severidade da doen?a, aumento da produtividade e ac?mulo de nutrientes.
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Brown, Angela Philip. "Pollen, embryo and endosperm development following cross-pollination within and between the crop species Brassica campestris, Brassica oleracea, Brassica napus and Raphanus sativus". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12858.
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Bassegio, Doglas [UNESP]. "Potencial produtivo de acessos de espécies brássicas sob condições tropicais". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150299.
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O gênero Brassica é a terceira maior fonte de óleo vegetal do mundo, com oleaginosas cultivadas no Hemisfério Norte. No Brasil, apesar do aumento nos últimos anos, a espécie Brassica napus L., não é um cultivo tradicional, devido as limitações de fotoperíodo e altas temperaturas. Outras espécies do gênero, como é o caso da Brassica juncea L. e Brassica rapa L., amplamente cultivadas em zonas de baixa precipitação e fertilidade, podem ser opções de cultivo em áreas marginais de sequeiro em condições tropicais, visto que possuem alto teor de óleo com características propicias para o biodiesel, além de menor sensibilidade ao ambiente. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar germoplasma de Brassica juncea L. e Brassica rapa L., avaliar o potencial produtivo e a divergência genética de acessos em Botucatu – SP, Brasil. Os experimentos tiveram início em outono-inverno de 2012, com a avaliação de 424 acessos de Brassica juncea L. e 209 de Brassica rapa L. quanto ao florescimento e produção de sementes. Em outono-inverno de 2015 e 2016 acessos de brássicas e um híbrido comercial da espécie Brassica napus L. foram avaliados, em experimentos em blocos ao acaso com três repetições, em relação aos componentes da produção, à produção grãos e óleo e a divergência genética. Do total de acessos introduzidos e avaliados, apenas 51 (12%) de Brassica juncea L. e 59 (28%) de Brassica rapa L. produziram sementes, devido ao efeito de fotoperiodo. Os componentes da produção variaram entre acessos e espécies, com destaque para precocidade e teor de óleo de acessos da espécie Brassica rapa L.; e o número de síliquas e a produtividade de grãos e óleo de acessos da espécie Brassica juncea L.. A produtividade de grãos e óleo foi em média 15% superior nos acessos de Brassica juncea L. em relação a espécie Brassica rapa L., com destaque para o acesso PI 180266 com 2056 kg ha–1 de grãos e 805 kg ha–1 de óleo. A variabilidade genética entre os acessos de brássicas possibilitou a formação de grupos de acessos para futuros ganhos em melhoramento genético. Conclui-se que os acessos selecionados confirmam a hipótese do potencial produtivo sem efeito de fotoperíodo em condições tropicais, o que demonstra que podem ser opções para cultivo em áreas onde a Brassica napus L. não está bem adaptada.
Brassica is the third largest source of vegetable oil in the world, with oilseeds grown in the Northern Hemisphere. In Brazil, despite the increase in recent years, Brassica napus L., is not a traditional crop due to limitations of photoperiod and high temperatures. Other species of the genus, such as Brassica juncea L. and Brassica rapa L., widely cultivated in low rainfall zones and fertility, may be cultivation options in marginal rainfed areas under tropical conditions, since they have high oil content with characteristics conducive to biodiesel, in addition to lower sensitivity to environment. The objectives of this work were to characterize the germplasm of Brassica juncea L. and Brassica rapa L. and to evaluate the productive potential, as well as the genetic divergence of accesses in Botucatu – SP, Brazil. The experiments started in autumn-winter of 2012, with the evaluation of 424 accessions of Brassica juncea L. and 209 of Brassica rapa L. regarding flowering and seed production. In the autumn-winter of 2015 and 2016, Brassica napus L. and commercial Brassica napus L. were evaluated in randomized blocks with three replicates, in relation to the production components, grain and oil production, and divergence genetic. Of the total number of accesses introduced and evaluated, only 51 (12%) of Brassica juncea L. and 59 (28%) of Brassica rapa L. produced seeds, due to the effect of photoperiod. The components of the production varied between accesses and species, with emphasis on precocity and oil content of Brassica rapa L.; and the growth and number of siliques of the specie Brassica juncea L. The yield of grains and oil was on average 15% higher in the accessions of Brassica juncea L. in relation to the species Brassica rapa L., with emphasis on access PI 180266 with 2056 kg ha–1 of grains and 805 kg ha–1 of oil yield. The genetic variability among the accessions of brassicas allowed the formation of groups of accessions for future gains in genetic improvement. It is concluded that the selected accessions confirm the hypothesis of the productive potential without photoperiod effect in tropical conditions, which demonstrates that they can be options for cultivation in areas where Brassica napus L. is not well adapted.
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Ryder, Carol D. "Comparative genomics of Brassica oleracea". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/51651/.
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The scientific case made by the AUTHOR’S comparative Brassica oleracea genomics work is presented through 5 peer reviewed research papers. In order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of B. oleracea the identification of unique genome characteristics, established using comparative genomics, is required. The genome characteristics established within these papers deliver significant contributions to original knowledge. These include a detailed illustration of how macro scale synteny varies markedly between the B. oleracea and A. thaliana genomes; unambiguous integration of the B. oleracea cytogenetic and genetic linkage maps; a cross species characterisation of a large collinear inverted segmental duplication on a single B. oleracea chromosome establishing that the relative physical distances have stayed approximately the same; retrotransposon copy number estimations and characterisation of their genomic organisation and isolation, characterisation and cross species analysis of a C genome specific repeat. For each paper the AUTHOR’S individual scientific contribution to each aspect of the work is described in detail. Both individually and as a body of work these publications substantially advance the fields of comparative, Brassica and genomic research.
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Danielsson, Jesper. "Bacillus based biocontrol on Brassica /". Uppsala : Deptartment of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200840.pdf.
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Kubik, Thomas James. "Evaluation of doubled haploid lines derived from interspecific crosses between Brassica napus and Brassica rapa". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ40073.pdf.
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Miller, Claire Anne. "The effect of Brassica pathogens on aspects of metabolism in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296856.
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Boideau, Franz. "Les modifications des règles de la recombinaison homologue chez les Brassica". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARC161.
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La recombinaison méiotique est un processus important en évolution, permettant la ségrégation correcte des chromosomes et le brassage des allèles à chaque génération, lors de la méiose. Ainsi, ce processus est très régulé. De manière intéressante, les allotriploïdes AAC de Brassica (2n=3x=29), issus du croisement entre Brassica napus (AACC, 2n=4x=38) et Brassica rapa (AA, 2n=2x=20), présentent une augmentation de la fréquence de crossovers (COs) et une modification de leur distribution comparé à B. rapa. Cependant, les causes de ces modifications restent à déterminer. Via l’utilisation de cartes génétiques et d’outils cytogénétiques, nous avons pu démontrer que ces modifications sont directement liées à la structure allotriploïde AAC. En effet, ce dernier présente plus de COs tout le long du génome, comparé à un diploïde AA mais aussi à un allotétraploïde AACC.De plus, ce phénotype peut être conservé en seconde génération si la structure AAC est maintenue ou au contraire réversée si une structure AACC est retrouvée. Cependant, certaines régions génomiques restent dépourvues de recombinaison chez les hybrides testés. Nous avons pu démontrer que la méthylation de l’ADN et les variations structurales sont des facteurs limitants de la recombinaison chez le colza B. napus. Les inversions chromosomiques étant capables d’empêcher la formation de COs, y compris chez les AAC L’étude fine de la recombinaison chez les allotriploïdes pourrait permettre d’identifier de nouveaux mécanismes régulants le profil de recombinaison. D’un point de vue appliqué, les AAC représentent un outil intéressant en sélection variétale, permettant par exemple d'accélérer les schémas de sélection ou l'introduction de caractères d'intérêts, y compris dans les régions péricentromériquesMeiotic recombination is a key evolutionary process, allowing both the correct segregation of chromosomes and the reshuffling of alleles at each generation during meiosis. Therefore, this process is highly regulated. Interestingly, Brassica AAC allotriploid hybrids (2n=3x=29), deriving from the natural cross between the allotetraploid Brassica napus (AACC, 2n=4x=38) and the diploid Brassica rapa (AA, 2n=2x=20), presents a modified recombination landscape, with more crossovers (COs) all along the genome compared to B. rapa. Additionally, they also present a modified distribution, with the presence of COS in the normally cold pericentromere regions. However, the underlying causes of this modified recombination landscape remain to be deciphered. Using a combination of genetic mapping and cytogenetic approaches, we demonstrated that the modified recombination landscape is directly linked to the AAC genomic structure compared to a AA diploid or a AACC allotetraploid.This phenotype may either be conserved in the second generation by maintaining the AAC, whereas it is reversed when reverting to a AACC genomic structure. However, some genomic regions remain deprived of recombination. We demonstrated that DNA methylation and structural variations such as chromosomal inversions are limiting factors of recombination in Brassica napus. Chromosomal inversion prevent the formation of COs within these regions, even in the highly recombining AAC hybrids. Overall, the AAC allotriploid hybrids may enable to unravel novel mechanisms regulating COs landscape. They also are particularly intersting for breeders, as they will allow to speeding up breeding programs by facilitating the introduction of traits of interest or the access of some underexploited genomic regions such as pericentromeres
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Mimouni, Brahim. "Étude comparative des constituants polypeptidiques de la fraction globuline des graines de colza (Brassica napus L. ) et espèces parentales (Brassica oleracea L. Et Brassica campestris L. )". Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10514.
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Etude des proprietes physicochimiques des constituants polypeptidiques des globulines de graines de colza. Comparaison des structures primaires et homologies de sequences entre ces polypeptides. Discussion de l'origine genetique et post-traductionnelle des constituants peptidiques
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Loudon, Peter T. "Somatic hydridisation within the genus Brassica". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306453.
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Sarker, R. H. "Cytophysiology of self-incompatability in Brassica". Thesis, University of Reading, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383394.
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Gherli, Hussein. "Nitrogen use efficiency in Brassica napus". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/97639/.
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The aim of this project was to enhance our knowledge of how nitrogen is transported and utilised within Brassica napus through the use of proteomics, phenotyping and genetic mapping. It highlights the importance of looking at all possible plant tissues to determine the mechanisms underlying seven macronutrients (N, P, Mg, Ca, S and Na) and five micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) accumulation, since differences were observed between different tissues. Significant amount of mineral elements were found to remain in both the stem and roots at harvest, which in turn, highlights the inefficient mechanisms applied by some plants in the way they redistribute and utilise minerals such as N, P, K and S. Large genotypic differences in minerals concentration was found between different accessions of B. napus, ranging from 1.48-fold for Ca in the bottom of the stem to 20-fold for Na in top of the stem at maturity. Genotypes were identified that differed significantly from one another in relation to mineral concentration in the stem and root at harvest or in both. Differences were observed in the parents of the TN mapping population allowing a QTL approach to be adopted. Complex network of relationships between minerals were observed within and between tissues, and found to be dependent on the tissue and the growth stage. The strongest significant positive correlations (0.91 > r >0.71) were between Ca/P, S/Ca and N/Ca in taproot, Ca/Mg in stem, and Mg/P and N/S in seed. A significant source of N is that stored within proteins. Several proteins were shown to be accumulated significantly in the top part of the plants especially in the senescing silique walls and the stem adjacent to them. Putative vegetative storage proteins, VSPs, were identified in these tissues and we have suggested that these could be associated with N remobilisation. Development of a screening methodology based on these proteins through which quantitative analysis could be performed on a proteomic based experiment has been successfully developed which will allow the identification of QTLs associated with the N remobilisation and utilisation in plants. These finding could assist plant breeders in developing varieties with enhanced mineral utilisation efficiency. Such developments will eventually lead to significant benefits both economically and socially worldwide as they should lead to increased abilities to enhance crop yields of oilseed rape while lowering the fertiliser requirements.
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Wagner, Geoffrey. "Analyse génétique de la réponse métabolique du colza (Brassicas napus) à l’infection par Plasmodiophora brassicae, agent causal de la hernie". Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NSARC107.
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La hernie est une maladie racinaire du colza, Brassica napus, causée par le protiste Plasmodiophora brassicae. La lutte se fait actuellement par déploiement de variétés présentant de résistances monogéniques facilement contournables. Le potentiel de durabilité pourrait être amélioré par l'exploitation des résistances partielles quantitatives. Cependant, les mécanismes sous-jacents à ces résistances restent encore peu connus, notamment au niveau métabolique. Dans ce cadre, ma thèse vise à caractériser (i) les perturbations métaboliques induites après infection par P. Brassicae et (ii) l'architecture fonctionnelle de la résistance partielle quantitative à la hernie. Nous avons montré une accumulation d'acides aminés libres dans les racines à des niveaux proportionnels aux niveaux de symptômes, pouvant ainsi contribuer à la nutrition du parasite. De plus, les teneurs en glucosinolates indoliques diminuent au début de la phase secondaire de l'infection chez Darmor-bzh, génotype présentant un haut niveau de résistance partielle quantitative. Cette chute pourrait, via la voie de l'auxine, contribuer à limiter le développement des symptômes. Des analyses de génétique métabolomique ont mis en évidence quatre principaux hot-spots métaboliques, dont trois colocalisent avec des QTL de résistance à la hernie, confirmant ainsi le lien entre résistance quantitative et perturbations des métabolismes primaire et secondaire. Chacun de ces hot-spots ayant une empreinte métabolique différente, la construction de génotypes cumulant des mécanismes de résistance différents peut être envisageClubroot is a disease affecting rapeseed, Brassica napus, caused by the protist Plasmodiophora brassicae. Disease control is achieved by the use of varieties with resistances under monogenic control that can be rapidly overcome by pathogen populations. Potential durability of clubroot resistance could be improved by the use of partial quantitative resistance. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this resistance particularly at the metabolic level. In this context, the objective of this work was to decipher (i) the metabolic changes induced after P. Brassicae infection and (ii) the functional architecture of quantitative partial resistance to clubroot. We showed an accumulation of free amino acids in infected roots which correlated to the level of symptoms, possibly contributing to pathogen nutrition. Moreover, indole glucosinolate contents decreased in the first steps of the secondary phase of the infection in Darmor-bzh (a genotype showing a high level of quantitative partial resistance). This decrease could, through the auxin pathway, contribute to limit the development of symptoms. Metabolic genetics analysis highlighted four main metabolic QTL hotspots, three of which colocalised with QTL for clubroot resistance, thus supporting the relationship between partial quantitative resistance and primary and secondary metabolites. Since different metabolic profiles underlie each hotspot, resistant genotypes with different mechanisms can be designed for a better durability
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Castro, Douglas Barbosa. "Uso do óleo essencial de mostarda no controle de Meloidogyne enterolobii (= M. mayaguensis) em pomar de goiabeira". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2010. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4388.
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Considering the importance of Meloidogyne enterolobii (= M. mayaguensis) to the culture of guava and the potential of Essential Oil of Mustard (EOM) on nematode control, was aimed to evaluate the efficiency of EOM on control of these nematodes in the field, on a orchard of plants uprooted and cut off at 0.3 m from soil level or in intact plants in production. An orchard of guava trees naturally infested with M. enterolobii, in Viçosa, MG, was selected. EOM was applied on soil at 100 μg/mL, by strips of cardboard in the rhizosphere of intact plants, or by irrigating the cultivation area with EOM diluted in water after the plants have been cut off or uprooted. Samples were collected over 140 days after the product application and evaluated on the number of J2 in soil and number of galls and eggs in roots of tomato plants in the bioassay. The J2 population in soil underwent rapid reduction, regardless of treatment, and was configured as an unreliable variable. By the bioassay, was obtained a reduction of 71%, 81% and 99% for number of galls and 60%, 80% and 83% for number of eggs at 45, 75 and 140 days after application, respectively, for plots treated with EOM, in uprooted or cutted plants. The terbuphos only reduced the number of galls during 45 days. The biological evaluation at 140 days revealed a general trend of population reduction, considering the number of galls and eggs. In intact plants, there was no control of nematodes, as the average variations of J2, galls and eggs did not differ significantly between treatments. In conclusion, the EOM was effective in controlling M. enterolobii at the field in the absence of the host.
Considerando a importância de Meloidogyne enterolobii (= M. mayaguensis) para a cultura da goiabeira e o potencial do óleo essencial de mostarda (OEM) no controle de nematoides, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência do OEM no controle do nematoide no campo, em pomares de plantas arrancadas, recepadas ou em produção. Selecionou-se um pomar de goiabeiras naturalmente infestado por M. enterolobii, em Viçosa, MG. O OEM foi aplicado no solo a 100 μg/mL, por meio de tiras de papelão na rizosfera de plantas intactas ou irrigando a área de cultivo com OEM diluído em água, após as plantas serem recepadas ou arrancadas. Em amostras coletadas ao longo de 140 dias após aplicação do produto, avaliou-se o número de J2 no solo e número de galhas e ovos em raízes de tomateiros, no teste biológico. Como a população de J2 no solo sofreu rápida redução, independente do tratamento, ela foi considerada uma variável pouco confiável para a avaliação. Pelo teste biológico, obteve-se uma redução de 71%, 81% e 99% para número de galhas e 60%, 80% e 83% para número de ovos aos 45, 75 e 140 dias após a aplicação, respectivamente, para as parcelas tratadas com OEM, em plantas arrancadas ou recepadas. O terbufós reduziu apenas o número de galhas aos 45 dias, o qual voltou a aumentar posteriormente. Aos 140 dias, houve tendência generalizada de redução da população, considerando-se o número de galhas e ovos. Nas plantas intactas não houve controle do nematoide, pois as médias das variações de J2, galhas e ovos não diferiram significativamente entre os tratamentos. Em conclusão, o OEM foi eficiente em controlar M. enterolobii no campo na ausência do hospedeiro.
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Albertin, Warren. "Régulation de l'expression des gènes dupliqués chez les polyploïdes : approche protéomique appliquée à l'analyse de Brassicacées autopolyploïdes et allopolyploïdes". Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112161.
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La polyploïdie est un phenomene d'importance capitale : la plupart des plantes sont des polyploïdes ou des paleopolyploïdes, dont de nombreuses plantes d'interet agronomique. Il est donc de premiere importance pour la genetique evolutive et l'amelioration des plantes de comprendre comment une plante fonctionne avec une information genetique redondante. Dans un contexte d'autopolyploïdie ou d'allopolyploïdie les objectifs de cette these etaient i- de decrire l'expression des genes homologues chez un polyploïde par rapport aux diploïdes correspondants ii- de caracteriser les genes cibles des phenomenes de regulation qui accompagnent la polyploïdisation iii- de preciser les mecanismes genetiques ou epigenetiques a l'Œuvre les profils d'expression d'une serie autopolyploïde de brassica oleracea (ha-, di- et tetra- ploïde) ont ete analyses a l'aide d'une approche de proteomique comparative. Nos resultats indiquent que le doublement le colza tetraploïde b. Napus, re-synthetise a partir de ses progeniteurs diploïdes b. Oleracea et b. Rapa, a ete utilise comme modele d'allopolyploïdie. Nous avons teste l'hypothese de l'additvite des genomes (sous laquelle un amphiploïde presente un profil d'expression intermediaire a ses parents diploïdes). Notre approche proteomique revele de tres nombreux ecarts a l'additivite (26-39%). La comparaison d'amphiploïdes independants montre que plus de 98% des variations observees sont reproducitbles, illustrant le caractere non-stochastique des mecanismes a l'origine de celles-ci. Les proteines dont l'abondance varie sont en cours d'identificationPolyploidisation is a major evolutionary process in eukaryotes most flowering plants are polyploids or paleopolyploids, including major crop species understanding the mechanisms of regulation of duplicated gene expression in polyploids is thus essential for evolutionary genetics and plant breeding. The purposes of these thesis were i- to describe homologous gene expression in an autopolyploid (in which ihe chromosome sets originated from the same species) and in an allopolyploid model (in which the homeologous chromosome sets derived from more than one species through hybridization); ii- to characterize the genes targeted by differential gene regulation during polyploidisaiion and iii- t0 precise the underlying mechanisms. We first studied a brassica oleracea autopolyploidy series involving haploid, diploid and tetraploid cabbages. Gene expression was investigated at the protein level using comparative proteomics. Our results indicated that genome doubling did not alter significantly the proteomes of green tissues in b. Oleracea. To study gene expression during the early steps of allopolyploid formation, the oilseed rape b. Napus allotetraploid model was chosen. Comparative proteomics was applied to neo-synthesized b. Napus and its diploid progenitors b. Rapa and b. Oleracea. Several deviations from the additivity hypothesis (predicting a midparent proteome for the amphiploids) were observed (26-39% of polypeptides) non-stochastic gene expression re-patterning was found since 98% of the detected variations were reproducible in four independently created amphiploids the identification of the proteins displaying non-additive patterns is under process
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Canassa, Vinícius Fernandes 1988. "Resistência de genótipos de couve-de-folha Brassica oleracea var. acephala (L.) a Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera : Aphididae) /". Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/182563.
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Orientador: Edson Luiz Lopes BaldinBanca: Ivana Fernandes da Silva
Banca: André Luiz Lourenção
Banca: Pedro Takao Yamamoto
Banca: Bruno Henrique Sardinha de Souza
Resumo: A família Brassicaceae contém aproximadamente 3700 espécies, das quais apenas vinte são consumidas e cultivadas. A couve-de-folha [Brassica oleracea (L.) var. acephala] destaca-se entre as hortaliças como alimento importante para o consumo humano, possuindo níveis significativos de vitaminas A, C, K e ácido fólico, além de ser uma boa fonte de fibra. As brassicas também são conhecidas por terem elevado conteúdo de glucosinolatos, os quais são associados com a colonização de insetos-praga, além de reduzirem os riscos de ocorrecia de vários tipos de câncer em humanos. Um dos desafios para a cultura da couve-de-folha é a alta incidência de pragas em todas as fases da planta, sendo o pulgão Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididade) considerado espécie-chave para várias regiões. Esse pulgão é responsável por danos diretos e indiretos às plantas, prejudicando seu desenvolvimento e reduzindo seu valor comercial. A aplicação de inseticidas sintéticos é a principal tática de controle adotada pelos produtores para o manejo do afídeo, provocando impactos ambientais e colocando em risco a saúde do ser humano. O uso de resistência varietal no controle de pragas pode ser uma ferramenta valiosa para o Manejo Integrado de Pragas (MIP) e pode ser usado junto com outros métodos de controle. Neste estudo foi caracterizada a expressão de antibiose e/ou antixenose em 37 genótipos de couve-de-folha sobre B. brassicae por meio de bioensaios em casa de vegetação. Também foi avaliado o compo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor
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Miller, Trevor Allan. "Agronomic and quality performance of three doubled haploid lines derived from a Brassica napus/Brassica rapa interspecific cross". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60470.pdf.
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Eriksson, Susanna. "Structural and functional studies of myrosinases and associated proteins in Brassica napus and Sinapis alba /". Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5743-2.pdf.
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Auger, Bathide. "Analyses biochimique et moléculaire du métabolisme des flavonoïdes dans la graine de colza (Brassica napus L. ) : vers l’élucidation des déterminants impliqués dans la pigmentation des téguments". Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NSARC096.
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Les procyanidines (PC) sont des flavonoïdes qui participent à la pigmentation brune de la graine de colza. Les PC s’accumulent spécifiquement dans les téguments et altèrent la qualité de la graine et du tourteau. Ainsi, chez les Brassica, le caractère « graines jaunes » (absence de PC) est corrélé à une augmentation de la teneur en huile dans la graine et une qualité supérieure du tourteau (teneur en protéines et digestibilité in vivo). Cependant, le développement de génotypes de colza à graines jaunes suppose une meilleure connaissance du métabolisme des flavonoïdes. L’objectif de cette thèse est donc l’identification et la caractérisation des déterminants biochimiques et moléculaires de la teneur en PC dans les graines de colza. Dans un premier temps, le profilage des flavonoïdes des téguments a été réalisé chez huit génotypes de colza à graines noires. Seize flavonoïdes ont été identifiés et quantifiés par LC-ESI-MS, parmi lesquels la (–)-épicatéchine, des PC et des flavonols. La teneur en PC est élevée dans le tégument interne de la graine, notamment dans l’endothélium et au niveau du pôle micropylechalaze. Parallèlement, une approche « gène candidat » a été entreprise pour cloner, chez les Brassica, les orthologues de sept gènes TRANSPARENT TESTA (TT) impliqués dans le métabolisme des flavonoïdes chez Arabidopsis thaliana. Nos résultats montrent que les gènes TT du colza (Bna. TT) forment des familles de 2 à 6 copies. Les différents paralogues sont exprimés dans la graine en développement selon un profil spatio-temporel cohérent avec l’accumulation des PC. Par ailleurs, les gènes Bna. TT sont capables de restaurer un phénotype sauvage chez les mutants tt d’Arabidopsis. Enfin, ils sont principalement positionnés dans des régions génomiques de B. Napus colinéaires avec celles d’Arabidopsis et certains co-localiseraient avec des QTL de pigmentation des graines. Dans une dernière partie, l’exploitation des résultats des analyses biochimiques et moléculaires a permis d’identifier, parmi des variants de colza à graines jaunes, les génotypes présentant une réduction spécifique de l’accumulation des PC. Dans le futur, la recherche de mutations dans les gènes Bna. TT pourra être entreprise par génétique inverse (TILLING) afin d’élargir la diversité allélique pour le caractère « réduction de la teneur en PC ». Enfin, il sera nécessaire d’étudier l’impact des mutations affectant la teneur en PC sur la qualité de la graine et sur la physiologie générale des plantes correspondantesProcyanidins (PCs) are seed coat specific flavonoids that confer brown pigmentation to the B. Napus seed but impair the qualities from both seed and derived meal. Thus, the yellow-seeded trait (low-PC content) in Brassica is associated with increased seed oil content and with improved meal quality (protein content and meal digestibility). However, development of yellow-seeded lines requires better knowledge of the seed flavonoid pathway in B. Napus. Therefore, the present work aimed to identify and characterize the biochemical and molecular key determinants involved in the PC biosynthetic pathway in B. Napus seeds. In a first step, the profiling of seed coat flavonoids was monitored during seed development in eight black-seeded B. Napus genotypes. Sixteen different flavonoids including (–)-epicatechin, PCs and flavonols were identified and quantified by LC-ESI-MS. High amounts of PCs accumulated into the inner integument, especially within the endothelium and in the micropylechalaza region. In parallel, a “candidate gene” approach was undertaken to clone the Brassica orthologs from seven TRANSPARENT TESTA (TT) genes involved in seed flavonoid metabolism in A. Thaliana. Our results reported that oilseed rape TT genes (Bna. TT) belonged to small multigene families of 2 to 6 copies. The different paralogs were expressed in developing seeds following a spatio-temporal profile that was consistent with the PC accumulation pattern. In addition, phenotypic complementation was observed when Bna. TT genes were introduced into the corresponding Arabidopsis tt mutants. Finally, Bna. TT genes mapped to oilseed rape genomic regions that displayed collinearity with Arabidopsis counterparts and some of them displayed putative co-localisations with QTLs for seed pigmentation. In a last part, results from both metabolic and molecular analyses allowed identification of specific low-PC oilseed rape genotypes among lines with altered seed pigmentation. Future prospects will include the identification of mutations within Bna. TT genes through reverse genetic approach (TILLING) in order to establish a wider genetic diversity panel for low-PC trait. It will be also necessary to evaluate the impact of low-PC mutations on seed quality as well as on plant physiology
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Nicolas, Stéphane. "Contrôle génétique de la recombinaison homéologue chez les hapoloïdes de Colza (Brassica Napus L. )". Rennes, Agrocampus, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2006NSARH069.
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Valoriser les gènes d’intérêt présents au sein des espèces sauvages apparentées aux espèces cultivées et/ou exploiter le polymorphisme structural susceptible d’exister au seuil des génomes polyploïdes implique de mieux comprendre quels sont les facteurs génétiques et structuraux contrôlant les échanges entre les génomes apparentés (homéologues) et comment ils –inter-agissent. Pour répondre à ces questions, j’ai développé une stratégie originale permettant d’analyser la fréquence et la nature des remanimements structuraux qui surviennent au court de la méiose de plantes haploïdes (Ac, n=19) de colza (Brassicas Napus) présentant des comportements métiotiques très contrastés. J’ai d’abord montré que les gamètes fonctionnels produit par un haploïde de colza sont très majoritairement des gamètes non-réduits de type FDR, que ces gamètes transmettent pratiquement l’intégralité des réarrangements structuraux générés au cours de la méiose et que la plupart de ces remaniements résultent de crossing-overs qui se réalisent de façon privilégiée entre les régions homéologues, mais qui peuvent également se former entre des régions para(homéo)logues. J’ai alors montré que les différences de comportement méiotique observées entre génotypes haploïdes en Metaphase I reflètent des différences de fréquence de recombinaison. J’ai observé que les remaniements effectuent différemment les génomes A et C, ce qui suggère qu’il pourrait y avoir une sélection contre certains d’entre eux. J’ai enfin montré que la fréquence de remaniements varie d’un groupe de liaison à l’autre (cela dépend du génotype haploïde) et en fonction de la position sur les groupes de liaisonNatural biodiversity and beneficial chromosome rearrangements are an under exploited sustainable resource that can be used to enrich the genetic basis of cultivated plants. A lot is still to be done to make a more efficient use of these vast reservoirs of variation. This process is related to meiosis and recombination between related but divergent genomes. In this study, I have genotyped progenies of haploid x euploid B. Napus with molecular markers and analysed the rate and nature of chromosomal rearrangements originating at meiosis in two haploid genotype (n=19) that display very different meiotic behaviour at metaphase I. I show that a high number of chromosomal rearrangements occur during meiosis of B. Napus haploid and are transmitted by FDR-like unreduced gametes to their progeny ; most of these rearrangements are produced by crossing-overs that occur preferentially between regions of primary homeology (Muller), but may also take place between other duplicated regions showing intragenomic or intergenomic homology. I show that the two haloid genotypes display sharp differences of meiotic “homeologous” recombination and that the two genomes of B. Napus are differentially affected by rearrangements, which suggests that some rearrangements are counter-selected. Finally I show that the rate of chromosomal reshuffling varies within and among chromosomes
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Aḥmad, Shafīq. "In vitro callus selection in Brassica species". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26390.
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The study mainly concerns the potential of in vitro selection as an aid to plant breeders. Three species, of the genus Brassica, were used in the investigation as model crop plants. Calli of these species were selected for NaCl tolerance. The study has three main sections dealing with the needs of tissue culture in Brassica species, in vitro selection of callus for NaCl tolerance and estimation of somaclonal variation. The first section evaluates the potential of different Brassica species and explant sources for in vitro culture. The study also describes investigations in the optimum growth regulator concentrations for continued callus cultures and subsequent plant regeneration, in these Brassica species. All the explant types i.e. leaf discs with vein, leaf discs without vein, petioles and hypocotyls, of all the species studied, showed successful callus induction and subsequent callus cultures, but with varying frequencies. Plant regeneration from callus was not successful in all the species and with all the explant sources. Curly kale (Brassica oleracea L.) showed the most successful plant regeneration. Among the explant sources, hypocotyls demonstrated the most potential with respect to plant regeneration. Optimum concentrations of NAA and BAP were different for different species. In general, BAP and NAA in balance produced more callus; and as expected, BAP enhanced shoot formation while NAA promoted root formations. The second section deals with procedures and problems associated with the in vitro selection of different Brassica species for salt tolerance.
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Leeks, C. R. F. "Determining seed vigour in selected Brassica species". Lincoln University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1274.
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Variables for the accelerated ageing (AA) test, methods for reducing fungal contamination during the AA test, using the conductivity test as a vigour test, the effect of seed size on seed vigour and the relationship between laboratory test results and field perfonnance in selected Brassica spp were investigated. In the first experiment, three seed lots of turnip rape hybrid (B. rapa x campestris), turnip (B. campestris) and forage rape (B. napus); and seven seed lots of Asian rape (B. napus), six seed lots of Asian kale (B. oleraceae var. alboglabra L.) and five seed lots of choisum (B. rapa var. pekinensis) with germinations above 90% were aged at two different temperatures (41 and 42°C ± 0.3°C) and three ageing times (24, 48 and 72 ± 15 minutes). The second experiment was divided into three sections. In the first, the same seed lots and species were aged at one temperature (41°C) and time (72 h), but either 40 ml of saturated salts; KCl (83%RH), NaCl (76%RH), NaBr (55%RH); or distilled water (96%RH) were used as the ageing solutions. In the second, one turnip rape hyprid seed lot was aged at three temperatures (41, 42 and 45°C) and two times (72 and 96h), again using the three saturated salts and distilled water as ageing solutions. In the third, three turnip rape hybrid seed lots and three Asian kale seed lots were surface sterilised (1 % sodium hypochlorite) prior to ageing at one temperature (41°C) and time (72 h). In the third experiment, the same species and seed lots used in experiment one at their original seed moisture content (SMC) were tested for conductivity after soaking in deionised water for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h. They were then re-tested after the SMC had been adjusted to 8.5%. In the fourth experiment, three seed lots of forage rape and three seed lots of Asian kale were graded into three seed size categories; large (retained on a 2.0 mm screen), medium (retained on a 1.7 mm screen) and small (passed through a 1.7 mm screen). Graded seeds were then tested for standard germination, AA (41°C/48 h) and conductivity (measured at 16 and 24 h). In the final experiment, the relationships between laboratory tests for the six species (each consisting of three seed lots), field emergence from three sowings, and cold room emergence were evaluated. Both time and temperature influenced post-AA germination. Increasing the ageing period from 48 to 72 hours at 41°C, and 24 to 48 hours at 42°C resulted in decreased mean germination percentage for all species but not always clear separation of seed lots. While there were sometimes few differences between ageing at 41°C and 42°C, the former is preferred because it is already the temperature used for other species. For Asian rape, choisum and turnip, the previously recommended testing conditions of 41°C/72 h provided good seed lot separation, but for Asian kale and turnip rape hybrid, AA testing at 41°C/48 h provided better results. Seed moisture content after ageing ranged from 29-37% depending on species. Fungal growth on seeds during the ageing period appeared to reduce post-ageing germination in some seed lots . Substituting saturated salts for distilled water did not stress seed lots in the AA test, due to the lowered RH%, the exception being seed lots 1210 and 1296. For forage and Asian species, seed lot germination mostly remained above 90% when aged for 72 h at lowered RH%. Increasing the ageing duration from 72 to 96 hours resulted in some decreases in post-AA germination but no clear separation of seed lots. Surface sterilising the seeds prior to the AA test resulted in a lower incidence of contaminant fungi which was associated with a lower percentage of abnormal seedlings. The conductivity test was mostly able to identify vigour differences among forage and Asian vegetable brassica seed lots. Differences in conductivity readings were observed among seed lots in all species. Increasing the period of imbibition resulted in increased conductivity from most seed lots but radicle emergence occurred after 16-20 h of imbibition. Variation was observed in the time to reach 95% maximum of the imbibition curve for most species. Conductivity readings at 16 h would avoid possible influences of radicle emergence on results. Adjusting the SMC to 8.5% resulted in reduced variation in conductivity among replicates of seed lots, due to a reduction in imbibition damage. Seed size had a significant effect on both post-AA germination and conductivity results. In forage rape, large size seeds had higher post-AA germination cf. medium cf. small size seeds. In Asian kale, large size seeds had higher post-AA germination compared with small size seeds. For both forage rape and Asian kale, large size seeds had lower conductivity readings cf. small size seeds. The correlation analyses demonstrated significant relationships between AA testing and field emergence parameters (percentage emergence, emergence index and emergence rate). Significant relationships were also observed between conductivity testing and these field emergence parameters. Based on the correlation analysis, AA testing at 41°C/48 hand/or 42°C/48 h could be recommended to be used as an AA test for turnip and Asian rape; and 41°C/48 hand/or 41°C/72 h for Asian kale and choisum. Based on the correlation analysis, conductivity testing at 16 h can be used to predict the field emergence potential of forage and Asian vegetable seed lots. Vigour tests were consistently able to provide better indicators of field perfonnance than the standard germination test, although these relationships did vary with the different field sowings.
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Go, Nancy Erro. "Control of floral induction in Brassica napus". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60431.pdf.
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Napis, Suhaimi. "Molecular genetic studies on Brassica napus L". Thesis, Durham University, 1991. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6037/.
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The feasibility of using two different methods of assaying for DNA polymer phisms has been assessed. They were Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) as revealed by a range of characterised Brassica cDNA sequences and Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). These techniques have been shown to reveal DNA polymorphisms between varieties of Brassica napus L. Further more, the sequence and organisation of a Hind III family of highly repetitive DNA sequences were also studied on Brassica napus L. RFLPs associated with rape extensin, ext A, and Brassica oleraceae self- incompatibility genes were observed when DNA samples from 19 commercial varieties of B. napus were analysed using the cDNA probes pRR566 (coding for root-specific extensin) and pBOS2 (coding for S(_5) self-incompatibility allele in B. oleraceae). Both cDNA clones were able to reveal RFLP patterns with varying degrees of polymorphism depending on the restriction enzymes used in the digestion of genomic DNAs. Although both probes could generate complex RFLP band patterns, those revealed by pB0S2 were generally easier to analyse and more suitable for DNA fingerprinting while those revealed by pRR566 were less distinct as a result of extensive background hybridisations. The probe pRR566, with certain restriction enzymes generated simpler RFLP band patterns that were more suitable for segregation analyses. Segregation analysis of F(_1) individuals revealed additive RFLP band patterns of both parental varieties, while that of F(_2) individuals revealed RFLP band patterns of each parental varieties as well as the additive pattern. When analysed for possible association with varietal glucosinolate content, none of the RFLP band patterns showed such linkage. A cDNA library was constructed from pod material of a high glucosinolate variety in an attempt to obtain clones which could reveal RFLP patterns associated with glucosinolate content. Differential screening using total cDNAs from pod materials of high and low glucosinolate varieties failed to isolate any cDNA clones useful as RFLP markers. Another DNA polymorphism assay studied, RAPD, was able to detect inter- and intraspecific variation in Brassica sp. Analysis of six phylogenetically-related but distinct Brassica sp. revealed extensive variation in the RAPD band patternsof amplification products; with some amphidiploid species sharing conserved band patterns with their ancestral species. RAPD analysis on 17 varieties of rape revealed polymorphic as well as highly conserved RAPD band patterns depending on the primer used. One of the primers was able to amplify a polymorphic band which could be associated with low glucosinolate varieties i.e. present almost exclusively in low glucosinolate varieties. Species-specific as well as variety-specific band patterns were also observed during the RAPD analysis. Finally, sequence and organisation of a Hind III family of repetitive sequences was studied. The monomeric and polymeric forms (trimer and tetramer) of the repetitive sequences were successfully cloned into pUCl8. Sequence analysis of the two clones containing the polymeric forms revealed that the monomers were arranged in tandem array and that all internal Hind III recognition sites were lost due to point mutation(s) which occurred within the six basepair recognition site. A consensus monomeric sequence was deduced from sequence comparison of the 8 copies of the monomeric sequences present in the 3 clones and the deviation from the consensus sequence of each of the eight monomers was less than 3%. No two monomeric sequences were identical. It was estimated that the number of copies of the monomeric sequences in a haploid genome was approximately 0.3 million copies. Estimates of the proportional representation of each of the polymeric sequences based on the number of copies of the monomers in each polymer were also calculated.
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Dharmaratne, Sumedha. "Studies on self-incompatibility in Brassica napus". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14131.
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A detailed investigation was conducted on the self-incompatibility system operating in the amphidiploid species, Brassica napus. Seven synthetic B. napus lines were produced by intercrossing plants of the parental species B. campestris and B. oleracea and doubling the chromosome numbers of the F1 hybrids, so formed. Each of the parental lines used in the synthesis were homozygous for different S-alleles. B. oleracea parental lines were homozygous for S29, S14 and S2 while the B. campestris line was homozygous for Sa and Sb. Consequently, the synthetic lines of B. napus were homozygous for different alleles at each of two S-loci. Following synthesis, S-allele activity and expression was examined in the synthetics and their F1's and F2's, using genetical and biochemical methods. In addition, a study of interspecific incompatibility between B. napus and B. oleracea was conducted. It was established that the production of synthetic B. napus by ovary culture in B. campestris was more successful than production using embryo culture in B. oleracea. Amphidiploid B. napus plants produced from F1 hybrids by chromosome doubling were easily identified, exhibiting a typical B. napus morphology, producing fertile buds and reflecting B. campestris and B. oleracea isozyme banding patterns. Synthetic B. napus plants were generally self-incompatible and the self-incompatibility alleles of both B. oleracea and B. campestris were expressed and showed interlocus epistasis similar to that found in a single locus sporophytic system. Several F1 lines produced from crosses between B. napus synthetics expressed only 3 alleles in any S-allele combination, and this expression occurred only in the pistils. The B. campestris alleles were functional in F1 stigmas but not in the pollen, showing that allele activity in F1 pollen would appear to be equivalent to that of a single locus system. In the F2 generation, all 4 S-alleles were active in a given genotype and it was established, therefore, that hidden S-loci could persist in a species with a sporophytic self-incompatibility system if alleles were partially or completely recessive. Test crosses between B. campestris, B. oleracea and B. napus showed that pollen from B. oleracea usually failed to penetrate the stigmatic surface of B. napus, despite all other combinations of interspecific crosses being compatible. It was found that this interspecific incompatibility could be overcome by bud pollinations or by treatment with cycloheximide. Biochemical studies showed that stigma-specific proteins, resolved by isoelectric focusing, correlated with some S-allele expression and could be detected in synthetic B. napus. However, stigma-specific proteins, which correlated with the presence of the Sa and S14 alleles, were detected in stigmas of F2 plants even when they were not active, indicating that S-protein expression is not correlated with the full function of self-incompatibility alleles.
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Guerche, Philippe. "Transformation génétique du colza (Brassica napus L. )". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112134.
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Des plantes de colza transgéniques ont été obtenues en utilisant deux stratégies de transformation différentes. La régénération et la caractérisation de plantes issues de racines transformées par Agrobacterium rhizogenes est décrite dans la première partie. Une deuxième partie est consacrée à l'étude de la transformation directe de protoplastes par électroporation. La mise au point de cette technique a été réalisée sur des protoplastes de tabac par utilisation d'un dosage d'expression transitoire. L'application de l'électroporation aux protoplastes de colza a permis d'obtenir des plantes transgéniques exprimant un gène de résistance à la kanamycine. Différentes applications agronomiques possibles de ces méthodes de transformation sont envisagées pour le colzaTransgenic rapeseed plants have been obtained using two transformation procedure. The regeneration and caracterization of rapeseed plants derived from hairy roots induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes are describe in the first part. The second part is devoted to the study of direct gene transfer by electroporation. This technique was optimized on tobacco protoplasts using a transient expression assay. The application of this technique to rapessed protoplasts made it possible to obtain transgenic rapeseed plants resistant to the antibiotic kanamycin. Possible agronomy applications of this strategy of transformation to rapeseed improvement are considered
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Guerche, Philippe. "Transformation génétique du colza, Brassica napus L". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376140414.
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Rueda, Edwin Ernesto Pulido. "Utilização de altas diluições na produção orgânica de repolho, brócolis e couve-flor". Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2013. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1161.
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-05Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The family of Brassicaceae plays an important role in Brazilian horticulture, having the species of cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower the higher at consumption by the population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of high dilutions preparation for production under organic system of cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower. Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse and under fields conditions. For greenhouse, the experimental design was completely randomized. For field experiments the experiment design were randomized complete block design. Both designs were with four replications and nine treatments. For greenhouse, trays had of 64 plants from with 20 plant were taken as experiment plot. Each plot consisted of 20 plants for each specie and repetition. Ten plants distributed in double line was the plot in the field experiment. The treatments consisted of homeopathic preparations of Arnica montana, Silicea terra, Carbo vegetabilis, and Sulphur at 6CH and 30CH. For control water was used. The experiments were conducted separately for each species. In greenhouse, the treatments were applied every four days until transplanting (seven applications). Under field conditions, the treatments were applied every fifteen days until harvest (four applications). Shoot fresh mass, root fresh mass, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, plant height, root length, and stem diameter for seedlings were evaluated. For field, shape index, rate of the length of the heart and longitudinal diameter (C / D) for cabbage field crop were evaluated. Plant height and stem diameter for broccoli were evaluated. Fresh mass and dry mass of cabbage heads and broccoli inflorescences were also evaluated. The disease incidence of black-rot and alternaria and the occurrence of cabbage aphid and damage caused by diamondback moth were evaluated. The preparations of Sulphur at 6CH increased the shoot dry mass, root dry mass for seedlings and production of cabbage heads. The preparations of Sulphur at 6CH increased the plant height, root length, and stem diameter for broccoli. Silicea terra at 30CH increased the fresh mass and dry mass of broccoli inflorescences. Sulphur at 6CH reduced the aphid occurrence for cabbage and diamondback moth damage percentage for broccoli. Sulphur at 30CH increased the shoot dry mass, root dry mass, and height for cabbage seedlings. Sulphur at 30CH increased the shoot dry mass, root dry mass, and stem diameter. Aphid occurrence, alternaria; and black rot incidence were decreased when broccoli was treated by Sulphur at 30CH. Silicea terra at 30CH increased the shoot dry mass, root dry mass, height plant, stem diameter, and root length for broccoli seedlings. Silicea terra at 30CH also increased the shoot dry mass, root dry mass, and stem diameter of cauliflower seedlings. The preparations of Silicea terra at 30CH increased the production of cabbage heads and reduced the black rot incidence for broccoli. The high dilution preparations have influence on the yield and management of pests and diseases of cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower growth under organic production system
A família Brassicaceae ocupa papel destacado na olericultura brasileira, sendo as espécies de repolho, brócolis e couve-flor de maior consumo pela população. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de preparados em altas diluições na produção em sistemas orgânicos de repolho, brócolis e couve-flor. Os experimentos com repolho, brócolis e couve-flor foram realizados em casa de vegetação e a campo na Epagri e na comunidade de Pedras Brancas, Lages, SC. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado em casa de vegetação e de blocos ao acaso, a campo. Ambos os delineamentos foram com quatro repetições e nove tratamentos. Em casa de vegetação, as bandejas foram constituídas por 64 plantas por parcela para cada hortaliça. A parcela útil foi composta por 20 plantas centrais das 64 plantas da parcela. A campo, cada parcela de repolho e brócolis foi constituída por 10 plantas distribuídas em dupla linha. Os tratamentos utilizados, tanto para casa de vegetação como para campo, foram os preparados homeopáticos de Arnica montana, Silicea terra, Carbo vegetabilis e Sulphur na 6CH e 30CH; e água como testemunha. Os experimentos foram delineados em separado para cada uma das hortaliças e conduzidos em duplo cego. Em casa de vegetação, os tratamentos foram aplicados a cada quatro dias, sobre as mudas até seu transplante, totalizando sete aplicações. No campo, após o transplante das mudas, os tratamentos foram aplicados a cada quinze dias, sobre as plantas até sua colheita, totalizando quatro aplicações. Foram avaliadas, em mudas, características de massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e radicular, altura da planta, comprimento de raiz e diâmetro do caule. A campo, no momento da colheita, foram avaliadas as características de índice de formato, a relação do comprimento do coração e do diâmetro longitudinal (C/D) para repolho; para o brócolis, altura da planta e diâmetro do caule. Massa fresca e seca das cabeças em repolho e das inflorescências de brócolis também foram avaliadas. A incidência de alternariose e podridão-negra, bem como, a ocorrência do pulgão e dos danos da traça-das-crucíferas foram avaliadas em repolho e brócolis. O preparado de Sulphur na 6CH aumentou a massa seca da parte aérea e radicular em mudas e a produção de cabeças de repolho, bem como o incremento da massa fresca e seca das inflorescências em brócolis. O preparado de Sulphur na 6CH reduziu também a ocorrência do pulgão em plantas de repolho e brócolis e o percentual de danos da traça-das-crucíferas em brócolis.O preparado de Sulphur na 30CH aumentou a massa seca da parte aérea e radicular e altura da plântula em mudas de repolho, bem como o incremento da massa seca da parte aérea e radicular e diâmetro do caule em mudas de couve-flor. A ocorrência do pulgão, a incidência da alternariose e a podridão-negra foram reduzidas quando tratadas como o preparado de Sulphur na 30CH em plantas de brócolis. O preparado de Silicea terra na 30CH incrementou a massa seca da parte aérea e radicular, altura da plântula, comprimento de raiz e diâmetro do caule, em mudas de brócolis, bem como a massa seca da parte aérea e radicular e diâmetro do caule em mudas de couve-flor. O preparado de Silicea terra na 30CH aumentou a produção de cabeças de repolho e reduziu a incidência da podridão-negra em plantas de brócolis. Conclui- se que preparados em altas diluições influenciam na produção e no manejo de insetos-praga e doenças de plantas de repolho, brócolis e couve-flor, sob sistema orgânico
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Figueroa, Lauriano. "Epidemiology and early detection of light leaf spot (Pyrenopeziza brassicae) on winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in the UK". Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332796.
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Avila, Sheila Rodrigues de. "A influência da adubação orgânica na preferência alimentar de Brevicoryne brassicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) em Brassica oleracea var. acephala (Brassicaceae)". Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2017. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3768.
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Pesquisar adubações orgânicas que almejam o equilíbrio trofobiótico na cultura de interesse é de extrema importância na busca de sistemas de produção de alimentos mais sustentáveis. Com esta premissa objetivou-se no trabalho analisar a influência de diferentes adubações orgânicas sobre a preferência alimentar de Brevicoryne brassicae em Brassica oleracea var. acephala, estabelecendo inter-relações entre o metabolismo vegetal da couve, as fontes de adubação testadas e a resistência e/ou suscetibilidade aos afídeos. Para tanto, foi feito o cultivo da hospedeira em casa de vegetação, onde a mesma foi cultivada em vasos com adubação orgânica acrescentada ou não de fitoprotetores, obedecendo aos seguintes tratamentos: T1) substrato orgânico comercial a 70% + 30% de húmus (SO+H) como controle; T2) (SO+H) + biofertilizante Vairo via solo; T3) (SO+H) + biofertilizante Supermagro via solo T4) (SO+H) + urina de vaca via solo; T5) (SO+H) + Húmus líquido pulverizado; T6) (SO+H) + soro de leite pulverizado e, T7) (SO+H) + biodinâmico pulverizado. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com 10 repetições, sendo cada repetição (parcela) uma planta. Para os bioensaios de preferência alimentar de múltipla escolha em laboratório foi feita a criação do afídeo, sendo as avaliações realizadas as 24 e 48 horas através da contagem de indivíduos em todas as folhas (halos) representando todos os tratamentos. Também foi feito análise química dos substratos e das couves, além dos fitoconstituintes das mesmas após receber os diferentes tratamentos. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de hipótese de KruskalWallis (p<0,05), com comparação de grupos pelo método de Simes-Hochberg, sendo após, submetidos à análise de componentes principais. A aplicação dos tratamentos influenciou na preferência alimentar de B. brassicae em B. oleracea var. acephala. Estes forneceram diferentes fontes de nutrientes ao substrato e à planta hospedeira, afetando assim, seu metabolismo vegetal e conseqüentemente a resistência e/ou suscetibilidade aos afídeos. As plantas tratadas com húmus líquido e Vairo apresentaram menor preferência pelos pulgões. Estes induziram a resistência, envolvendo o acúmulo de ácido ascórbico que se correlacionou ao manganês. Os tratamentos urina de vaca, Supermagro e em menor grau o soro de leite foram os que apresentaram folhas com maior preferência pelos afídeos, sendo estes ricos em nitratos e açúcares solúveis, estando estes compostos relacionados respectivamente aos nutrientes nitrogênio, ferro e cálcio. Já os tratamentos controle e biodinâmico apresentaram resultados intermediários de preferência e de correlação aos nutrientes e fitoquímicos.
To search for organic fertilizers that target the trophobiotic balance in the culture of interest and of extreme importance in the search for more sustainable food production systems. The objective of this work was to analyze the influence of different organic fertilizers on the Brevicoryne brassicae food preference in Brassica oleracea var. acephala, establishing interrelations between the vegetable metabolism of the cabbage, the sources of fertilization tested and the resistance and / or susceptibility to the aphids. For this, the host was cultivated in a greenhouse, where it was cultivated in pots with organic fertilization added or not of phytoprotectants, following the following treatments: T1) commercial organic substrate at 70% + 30% humus (SO + H) as control; T2) (SO + H) + biofertilizer Vairo via soil; T3) (SO + H) + biofertilizer Supermagro via soil T4) (SO + H) + cow urine via soil; T5) (SO + H) + pulverized liquid humus; T6) (SO + H) + powdered whey and, T7) (SO + H) + pulverized biodynamic. The experimental design was completely randomized with 10 replicates, each replicate (plot) being one plant. For the bioassays of multiple choice food preference in the laboratory was created the aphid, and the evaluations were performed at 24 and 48 hours by counting individuals on all leaves (halos) representing all treatments. Chemical analysis of the substrates and cabbage was carried out, besides the phyto-constituents of the same ones after receiving the different treatments. The data were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis hypothesis test (p <0.05), with a comparison of groups by the Simes-Hochberg method, after which they were submitted to principal components analysis. The application of the treatments influenced the food preference of B. brassicae in B. oleracea var. acephala. These provided different nutrient sources to the substrate and host plant, thus affecting its plant metabolism and consequently the resistance and/or susceptibility to aphids. Plants treated with liquid humus and Vairo showed less preference for aphids. These induced resistance, involving the accumulation of ascorbic acid that correlated with manganese. The treatments of cow urine, Supermagro and, to a lesser extent, whey were the ones that presented leaves with a higher preference for aphids, being these rich in nitrates and soluble sugars, these compounds being related respectively to nutrients nitrogen, iron and calcium. The control and biodynamic treatments presented intermediate results of preference and of correlation to nutrients and phytochemicals.
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Nunes, Thaise Cristine Fernandes. "Avaliação dos efeitos da radiação gama em vegetais da espécie Brassica olareaceae minimamente processados". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-07122009-144717/.
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O consumo de couve-manteiga (Brassica oleracea cv. acephala) e brócolis (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) tem sido inversamente associado à morbidade e mortalidade causadas por doenças degenerativas. Estas espécies são altamente consumidas no Brasil, o que viabiliza o seu uso como minimamente processado (MP). A crescente preocupação mundial com a estocagem, qualidade nutricional e segurança microbiológica dos alimentos tem levado a muitos estudos visando à análise microbiológica, vitamínica e tempo de vida de prateleira. No intuito de melhorar a qualidade destes produtos, o processamento por radiação em baixas doses é eficiente na manutenção da qualidade do produto, em alguns casos não comprometendo seus valores nutricionais e sensoriais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia da radiação gama de 60Co com doses de 0, 1,0 e 1,5 kGy na redução da microbiota presente nestes vegetais, assim como analisar suas características nutricionais e sensoriais. A metodologia empregada neste trabalho foram as análises microbiológicas, análise colorimétrica, análise dos compostos fenólicos, análise antioxidante e análise sensorial. A análise microbiológica mostrou uma diminuição no desenvolvimento de populações de microrganismos aeróbios, psicrotróficos e bolores e leveduras com doses de radiação crescentes. A análise sensorial não mostrou diferença significativa entre os diferentes tempos de cocção analisados. Quanto à análise de fenólicos totais, houve diferença significativa entre as amostras, sugerindo que com o aumento da dose de irradiação houve um aumento na quantidade de fenólicos totais encontrado em couve e brócolis MP. Pode-se observar que a amostra de couve controle apresentou alta atividade antioxidante e para as amostras tratadas por irradiação houve um decréscimo de percentual. Em contrapartida as amostras de brócolis apresentam um aumento na percentagem de sequestro de DPPH proporcional ao aumento da dose de radiação. As análises colorimétricas revelaram que para as amostras de couve MP e floretes de brócolis não houve diferenças significativas, entretanto para as amostras de talos de brócolis houve diferença significativa quanto ao amarelecimento durante a estocagem. Concluise que o processamento de couve-manteiga e brócolis por radiação gama pode ser uma alternativa viável para as indústrias, uma vez que houve redução da população de microrganismos, sem alterações nas qualidades sensoriais e com mínimas alterações nas características que conferem poder antioxidante.The consumption of collard greens (Brassica oleracea cv. acephala) and broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) has been inversely associated with morbidity and mortality caused by degenerative diseases. These species are highly consumed in Brazil, which enables its use as minimally processed (MP). The growing worldwide concern with the storage, nutritional quality and microbiological safety of food has led to many studies aimed at microbiological analysis, vitamin and shelf life. To improve the quality of these products, radiation processing can be effective in maintaining the quality of the product, rather compromising their nutritional values and sensory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of gamma radiation from 60Co at doses of 0, 1.0 and 1.5 kGy on the reduction of microbiota in these plants, and analyze their nutritional and sensory characteristics. The methodology used in this study was microbiological analysis, colorimetric analysis, analysis of phenolic compounds, antioxidant analysis and sensory analysis. The microbiological analysis showed a decrease in the development of populations of aerobic microorganisms, psychrotrophic and yeast and mold with increasing doses of radiation. The sensory analysis showed no significant difference between different times of cooking analyzed. The analysis of phenolic compounds, significant differences between the samples, suggesting that with increasing dose of irradiation was an increase in the amount of phenolic compounds found in broccoli and collard greens MP. It can be observed that the sample of control collard greens showed high antioxidant activity and for the samples treated by irradiation was a decrease of percentage. In contrast the samples of broccoli show an increase in the rate of scavenging DPPH with increase of the dose of radiation. The colorimetric analysis revealed that for samples of MP collard greens and broccoli foil of no significant differences, but for samples of stems of broccoli significant difference on the yellowing during storage. It is concluded that the processing of collard greens and broccoli butter by gamma radiation may be a viable alternative to the industry, since there was a reduction of the population of microorganisms, without changes in the sensory qualities and with minimum changes in the characteristics that confer antioxidant power.
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Kwon, Taek-Ryoun. "Physiological studies of salinity tolerance in Brassica species". Thesis, Coventry University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361653.
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Thurston, Milo. "Virus transmission dynamics and pathogenesis in Brassica species". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249332.
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Newton, Erika Lucie. "Plant-herbivore interactions in natural Brassica oleracea communities". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/72253.
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Co-evolutionary interactions between plants and herbivores are suggested to be the driving force behind the high diversity observed in plant secondary metabolites. These compounds play an important role in herbivore resistance mechanisms in many plant species. An individual plant can produce and store a number of structurally different secondary compounds. Variation in plant chemical profiles is commonly observed within and between natural populations across a wide range of taxa, yet the ecological importance of this variation is still a major question in the area of plant-herbivore interactions. In this thesis I use wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. oleracea) plants in twelve naturally established populations to investigate plant-herbivore interactions mediated by structural variation in aliphatic glucosinolates, a class of secondary metabolites produced by the Brassicaceae. Overall, the results showed that several herbivore species respond to the genetically determined variation in glucosinolate profile, indicating that the structure of the local herbivore community can be influenced by variation in plant defence chemistry. In addition, the direction of herbivore responses to different plant chemical phenotypes differed between species. A finer scale study which focused on the interactions between an herbivore and aliphatic glucosinolate variation supported the general trend observed in the large scale study. Glucosinolate profile was also found to have an impact on plant seed set. The findings show that glucosinolate profiles may be under selection in these natural plant populations and provide some support for the role of herbivores in the maintenance of secondary metabolite diversity.
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Sharpe, Andrew Glenn. "Marker-assisted breeding in oilseed rape (Brassica napus)". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361724.
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